Duration: 10/01/2024 to 09/30/2029

Administrative Advisor(s):

NIFA Reps:

Non-Technical Summary

The United States produces soybeans in the world that are used for human and animal feed, as well as for the manufacture of industrial and consumer goods. However, soybeans are susceptible to many plant pathogens that can cause significant yield losses. The estimated economic loss from 28 soybean diseases across 29 U.S. states and Ontario, Canada from 2015 through 2019 was US $45/A.  The mission of the Soybean Disease Committee (NCERA-137) is to research collaboratively on disease diagnosis, pathogen biology, host resistance, fungicide effectiveness and resistance, and other integrated pest management strategies that allow farmers to adopt best management practices and see a positive return on investment. From 2024 to 2029, NCERA-137 committee members will (i) coordinate yield loss estimates associated with soybean diseases across the U.S. and Canada (Ontario); (ii) evaluate integrated management strategies for soybean diseases to minimize yield losses and increase farmers’ return-on investment; (iii) develop rapid and appropriate responses to disease threats; (iv) foster exchange of research information and outputs on soybean diseases among scientists in the U.S. soybean production areas; and (v) share knowledge about soybean diseases and management strategies with farmers and other stakeholders. The committee’s projected impacts include: (i) increased engagement with the soybean industry; (ii) increased farmers' and stakeholder awareness of soybean diseases and best management practices; (iii) improved efficiency in disease diagnosis and identification of plant pathogens; (iv) increased number of management practices (effective fungicide products, cultivar options, etc.); and (v) increased mitigation of yield and economic losses to plant pathogens.

Statement of Issues and Justification

The United States stands as the leading producer and exporter of soybeans, producing nearly 4.3 billion bushels ($45.7 billion) from almost 87.2 million acres planted in 2022 (United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service [USDA NASS] 2023). Processed soybeans serve as the primary protein feed and the second-largest source of vegetable oil worldwide. As new markets for green energy and industrial applications utilizing soybean oil emerge, there is a growing demand for improved yield and quality. The U.S. soybean production has grown due to changes in management systems, genetic advancements, and expanded acreage. Although soybean yields have averaged 50.0 bu/A from 2018 to 2022, the prevalence and spread of soybean diseases have hindered the realization of greater yield potential. For example, between 2015 and 2019, soybean diseases inflicted an estimated average economic loss exceeding $44 per acre annually across the United States and Ontario, Canada, with a projected total yield loss of nearly 2.2 billion bushels (Bradley et al. 2021).

The mission of NCERA-137, the Soybean Disease Committee, is to actively monitor the development of soybean diseases, facilitate research coordination, and provide science-based information to stakeholders including farmers, soybean breeders, agricultural companies, and agencies in the North Central region and other U.S. soybean production areas. The NCERA-137 committee members belong to institutions in 20+ U.S. soybean producing states, with research and/or Extension appointments at their respective institutions. The committee operates as a robust system for the rapid exchange of information on soybean diseases, aiming to minimize yield losses and support cost savings for farmers and companies. Specifically, the members work collaboratively through multi-state projects on established and emerging soybean diseases related to disease diagnosis, pathogen biology and epidemiology, disease forecasting, fungicide sensitivity monitoring, host resistance, and host-pathogen interactions, which ultimately allows for successful adoption of best management practices by farmers. Through its coordinated, multistate research and information-sharing network, NCERA-137 assists soybean breeders, seed companies, and fungicide/biologicals manufacturers in the development of improved germplasm lines, cultivars, and integrated pest management programs. In addition, NCERA-137 members maintain strong partnerships with state, regional and national soybean commodity organizations, ensuring close collaboration and information exchange. They actively engage in technology transfer and improve accessibility to soybean disease research and management information through various channels, including traditional publications, electronic media, the SCN Coalition, and the Crop Protection Network (CPN).

Related, Current and Previous Work:  

The overall goal of the NCERA-137 committee is to enhance the profitability of soybean production while upholding environmental protection and the sustainability of soybean cultivation. This renewal proposal for NCERA-137 (2024-2029) describes research and Extension activities that will expand and supplement information available on soybean diseases and disease management. All accomplishments of the committee are listed under the previous yearly reports submitted by the group members. Few select accomplishments include:

• NCERA-137 received the 2023 National Excellence in Multistate Research Award, which is a testament to the collaborative and combined efforts of this committee.


• Detection and identification of soybean pathogens has improved. For example, scientists in Delaware, Iowa, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, North Dakota, Tennessee, and Wisconsin worked together to identify three novel species of Diaporthe that cause Phomopsis seed decay. A multi-state effort (with researchers in Kentucky as the lead) was established that identified fungicide-resistant strains of Cercospora sojina, which causes frogeye leaf spot, in 22 U.S. states.


• Specific farming practices were identified that can reduce the severity of soybean diseases. For researchers in Michigan and Wisconsin demonstrated that row spacing can dramatically reduce white mold severity. Four varieties with resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (which causes white mold) will be released in 2024.


• Soybean Cyst Nematode (SCN) Coalition (with researchers in North Dakota as the lead nearly two dozen other states contributing) was launched. The SCN Coalition efforts increased active management among soybean growers nationally, saving them an estimated $100 million+ from SCN.


• Fungicide seed treatments and foliar fungicides efficacy tables developed by the NCERA-137 group reach about 100,000 users in 20+ states each year.


• Ongoing multi-state regional efforts, such as the Crop Protection Network (CPN), serve as a centralized hub, benefiting farmers, consultants, and researchers in the soybean community by providing comprehensive resources.


• Between 2015 and 2023, the NCERA-137 committee produced 700+ peer reviewed publications, proceedings, abstracts, and technical reports; 20 books or book chapters; and 500+ newsletters, videos, webinars, podcasts, news articles, and other Extension products.

Previous work

NCERA-137 exceled in its ability to facilitate discussions and responses to new and reemerging diseases within the soybean production area across the United States. For instance, the committee played a key role when soybean rust was first discovered near Baton Rouge, Louisiana, in 2004. The committee members were at the forefront of the national response even before the establishment of the NCERA-208 Soybean Rust Committee. While soybean rust has not caused the catastrophic national losses initially feared, its unpredictable spread presents ongoing challenges for soybean production in the central and southern US and in assessing its long-term impact. NCERA-137 members participated in soybean rust monitoring through the IPM PIPE website (http://sbr.ipmpipe.org). Although this site was originally focused on soybean rust, additional diseases were monitored and reported through this site.

Related and current work

NCERA-137 continues to serve as a platform to establish research and Extension priorities related to soybean diseases, as well as co-ordinate collaborations with other organizations interested in soybean health and productivity (e.g., NC committees, Southern Soybean Disease Workers, and soybean breeders’ groups). Collaboration within NCERA-137 and with other organizations serves as the foundation for numerous regional research projects and multistate grant proposals supported by organizations like the United Soybean Board (USB), North Central IPM Center, the North Central Soybean Research Program (NCSRP), and USDA-AFRI. Recent coordinated regional projects have addressed various diseases, including Sclerotinia stem rot, Phytophthora root rot, charcoal rot, sudden death syndrome, Diaporthe-caused diseases, soybean cyst nematode, frogeye leaf spot, and seedling diseases. A regional disease loss survey, conducted by researchers and Extension specialists affiliated with NCERA-137, provides annual estimates of yield losses caused by plant diseases in the north central region. This comprehensive assessment, undertaken in collaboration with the USB and NCERA-137 membership, plays a critical role in determining the relative importance of soybean diseases. The information obtained from this survey guides research prioritization and breeding efforts in the field of soybean disease management.

The introduction of soybean rust, coupled with other factors including soybean market prices, has led to a significant rise in fungicide usage, even in non-rust areas. Data from USDA-NASS indicates minimal fungicide usage on soybeans before 2006. However, fungicide applications surged to over 362,000 pounds in 2006, surpassing 1 million pounds in 2012, and nearly reaching 2 million pounds in 2017. Several questions regarding the effective use of foliar fungicides, including plant health claims, remain unanswered. Heightened fungicide usage raises concerns of increased risk of the selection of fungicide-resistant soybean pathogens. In 2010, the loss of disease control and the emergence of resistance to QoI fungicides were documented in Cercospora sojina, the causal agent of frogeye leaf spot. QoI-resistant pathogens that cause Cercospora leaf blight, aerial blight, Septoria brown spot, and target spot have subsequently been identified. Monitoring fungicide resistance and undertaking educational efforts will be necessary to minimize or prevent the loss of disease control for these and other soybean diseases.

Despite substantial research and Extension efforts to manage soybean cyst nematode (SCN), caused by Heterodera glycines, populations of the nematode with the ability to feed and reproduce on soybeans with the PI88788 source of resistance continue to increase.). This highlights the ongoing need for the development of soybean cultivars that utilize alternative sources of resistance and for research evaluating additional methods to manage SCN, such as nematicide seed protectants.  Additionally, Extension and outreach activities to educate stakeholders about the importance of SCN, field sampling to determine SCN egg densities, and active management of SCN will continue to be necessary. Thus, in collaboration with the NC1197 committee (Practical Management of Nematodes on Corn, Soybeans and Other Crops of Regional Importance), agrochemical companies, agricultural media partners and the soybean checkoff organizations, the NCERA-137 members are promoting education on SCN and nematode management among farmers and other stakeholders through the SCN Coalition.

Plant pathologists, breeders, and industry experts actively collaborate to develop effective strategies (e.g., fungicides, host resistance) for managing root and stem diseases. The prevalence of root and stem diseases such as Sclerotinia stem rot (caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), and sudden death syndrome (caused by Fusarium virguliforme) has increased due to changing climatic trends, including wetter field conditions, as well as altered management practices such as no-till and reduced tillage. In addition, the prevalence of historically southern diseases, such as charcoal rot (caused by Macrophomina phaseolina), frogeye leaf spot, Diaporthe-caused diseases, and red crown rot (caused by Calonectria ilicicola), has expanded and negatively impacted soybean production in the north central region. Additionally, new diseases such as tap root decline (caused by Xylaria necrophora) are of increasing concern.

To ensure continued success, NCERA-137 places great importance on actively training the next generation of researchers, teachers, and Extension workers. Since 2020, the soybean disease research community has seen an influx of new researchers and Extension specialists. The participation of these new faculty members in NCERA-137 is crucial for fostering collaborations and facilitating effective communication of research outcomes. With a successful history, NCERA-137 annual meetings have consistently achieved near-perfect attendance from member states. The committee also maintains an international presence with participation from Ontario, Canada. The high value placed on interpersonal exchanges is evident in the attendance rate and the lively and productive discussions during these meetings. Despite challenges in obtaining funding for graduate students, postdoctoral associates, and technicians, the committee remains committed to seeking new opportunities to support these individuals in studying soybean diseases and actively participating in NCERA-137 activities.

The mission of NCERA-137, the Soybean Disease Committee, is to actively monitor the development of soybean diseases, facilitate research coordination, and provide science-based information to stakeholders including farmers, soybean breeders, agricultural companies, and agencies in the North Central region and other U.S. soybean production areas. The NCERA-137 committee members belong to institutions in 20+ U.S. soybean producing states, with research and/or Extension appointments at their respective institutions. The committee operates as a robust system for the rapid exchange of information on soybean diseases, aiming to minimize yield losses and support cost savings for farmers and companies. Specifically, the members work collaboratively through multi-state projects on established and emerging soybean diseases related to disease diagnosis, pathogen biology and epidemiology, disease forecasting, fungicide sensitivity monitoring, host resistance, and host-pathogen interactions, which ultimately allows for successful adoption of best management practices by farmers. Through its coordinated, multistate research and information-sharing network, NCERA-137 assists soybean breeders, seed companies, and fungicide/biologicals manufacturers in the development of improved germplasm lines, cultivars, and integrated pest management programs. In addition, NCERA-137 members maintain strong partnerships with state, regional and national soybean commodity organizations, ensuring close collaboration and information exchange. They actively engage in technology transfer and improve accessibility to soybean disease research and management information through various channels, including traditional publications, electronic media, the SCN Coalition, and the Crop Protection Network (CPN).

Objectives

Procedures and Activities

Members of the NCERA-137 committee are focused on objectives and sub-objectives, which allow for sustained and combined efforts to best address the needs of stakeholders and with groups such as NC1197 committee, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (SSDW), and soybean breeders’ groups.

1. Coordinate yield loss estimates and economic impact associated with soybean diseases across the U.S. and Canada (Ontario) soybean producing region.

The estimates of yield loss associated with important soybean diseases are provided by the NCERA-137 members, SSDW, as well as other Extension personnel, following each growing season. A list of at least 20 foliar, stem and root, nematode, and seed and grain diseases are sent annually to plant pathologists in 29 U.S. states and the Canadian province of Ontario. The methods used for soybean yield losses estimates may vary among states, but the data is derived from survey within a given state or province, submissions of diseased plant samples to a diagnostic laboratory, evaluations of fungicide and cultivar performance trials, feedback from university Extension specialists, industry personnel, and farmer representatives, and/or additional methods. 

2. Evaluate, refine, and integrate management strategies for soybean diseases in the North Central region and other U.S. soybean production areas to increase grower profitability. 

2.a. Fungicide efficacy trials for soybean diseases.

NCERA-137 members establish field trials to evaluate foliar fungicide and seed treatment products for their efficacy and application timings in their respective states to manage soybean diseases and produce a profitable crop. There have been efforts with funding from the North Central Soybean Research Program and the United Soybean Board to conduct coordinated trials for Sclerotinia stem rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), and sudden death syndrome (Fusarium virguliforme), and the members continue to evaluate products for their effectiveness against frogeye leaf spot (Cercospora sojina), Phytophthora root and stem rot (Phytophthora sojae) and seedling pathogens (Fusarium, Rhizoctonia). Data from these research trials are compiled into an annual update on fungicide efficacy as well as helps the EPA with the information needed for emergency registration of products (Section 18). 

2.b. Screening soybean accessions for resistance to economically important pathogens

Members of the NCERA-137 screen accessions in the genus Glycine that belong to the USDA soybean germplasm, or from the public (USDA-ARS) and industry breeding programs using standard inoculation methods established for soybean pathogens under lab, growth chamber, greenhouse and/or field conditions. These projects are made possible with funding from the state commodity boards, North Central Soybean Research Program and the United Soybean Board. In addition, the members evaluate Uniform Regional Nurseries, and soybean variety performance trials in their individual states to characterize resistance to economically important pathogens in advanced breeding lines. Data obtained from the screening experiments are shared with breeders and other scientists to develop commercial cultivars with disease resistance for farmers, and other genetic studies (e.g., identification of candidate resistance genes). This sub-objective has the benefit of integrating with the sub-objectives (2.a.) and (2.c.) for developing best management practices for soybean diseases. 

2.c. Development of strategies besides fungicides and host resistance to manage soybean diseases

NCERA-137 members evaluate the use of cover crops, biologicals, and other alternative practices (i.e., besides fungicides and host resistance) against seedling pathogens, and other diseases using standard inoculation methods established for soybean pathogens under lab, growth chamber, greenhouse and/or field conditions. These projects are made possible with funding from the state commodity boards, NCSRP and USB. This sub-objective has the benefit of integrating with the sub-objectives (2.a.) and (2.b.) for developing best management practices for soybean diseases. 

3. Develop appropriate responses to the emerging or re-emerging threats to soybeans in the North Central Region, such as fungicide resistance and disease forecasting models.

These projects are made possible with funding from the state commodity boards, NCSRP and USB. Members of the NCERA-137 have collaborated on the development of disease forecasting models for Sclerotinia stem rot, frogeye leaf spot and other diseases. These models provide the current risk of disease development and provide management recommendations (e.g., foliar fungicide applications) where appropriate. The members are continuing to refine the models and develop smart phone applications that will enable soybean growers to access disease risk information in their field. Research is underway by the group to link the fungicide efficacy trials (Sub-objective 2.a.) with the disease-forecasting models to allow real-time validation and improved accuracy. As for fungicide resistance studies, Quinone outside Inhibitor (QoI) fungicides have been used for managing soybean foliar diseases, but these chemicals have a high risk of several fungi (>30) developing resistance to them (Fungicide Resistance Action Committee 2011). Thus, a QoI fungicide resistance monitoring program has been established by the NCERA-137 members to monitor shifts in sensitivity for fungal pathogens such as Cercospora sojina, Diaporthe spp., Septoria spp., among others.

4. Foster collaborative research and information exchange on soybean diseases among scientists with different expertise and resources in the North Central region and other U.S. soybean production areas.

NCERA-137 members have a well-documented history of promoting the exchange of research information, pathogen inoculation techniques, fungicide efficacy results, soybean germplasm and advanced breeding lines, and pathogen cultures. This collaboration allows for coordinated research and Extension efforts. Knowledge sharing and information exchange among researchers is facilitated through various avenues, including annual meetings, virtual meetings (Field Crop Pathology Extension), and national, regional, and state plant pathology meetings. Additionally, coordinated email discussions are maintained, including the NCERA-137 Soybean Diseases Basecamp (https://3.basecamp.com/3209262/projects/20354587), SSDW Basecamp (https://3.basecamp.com/3209262/projects/30767361), and Field Crop Pathology Extension Specialists (https://3.basecamp.com/3209262/projects/25121917). The committee also actively engages with other organizations such as the NC1197 committee, SSDW, and soybean breeder groups whenever possible. Furthermore, members utilize social media platforms like Twitter and work with the CPN to disseminate outputs to a wider audience, thereby expanding the group's reach and impact.

5. Improve share of knowledge and expand resources about soybean diseases and their management with soybean growers and agribusinesses.

The NCERA-137 committee collaborates to create and distribute up-to-date Extension materials for soybean growers and agribusinesses. Currently, the committee shares information through various channels, including annual meetings, University Extension activities, weekly newsletters, mailing lists (such as listservs), grower meetings, social media platforms (such as Twitter and YouTube), and publications. Moreover, they utilize platforms like the CPN, Grow: Plant Health Exchange, and The SCN Coalition to share information on soybean diseases and disease management. Members also communicate and address real-time issues related to soybean production through the NCERA-137 Basecamp and other mailing lists. Additionally, they disseminate information through respected research journals like Plant Disease, Plant Health Progress, and other scientific publications. Our activities receive funding from NCSRP, USB, USDA-NIFA, industry funds, etc., ensuring that disease management information is delivered promptly and effectively to producers and the soybean community. Resources are accessible through the Extension services of land-grant institutions, CPN, The SCN Coalition, and other media outlets. These resources include publications like Fungicide Efficacy for Control of Soybean Foliar Diseases, Fungicide Efficacy for Control of Soybean Seedling Diseases, A Farmer's Guide to Soybean Diseases, and Compendium of Soybean Diseases and Pests published by the American Phytopathological Society (APS) and Grow: Plant Health Exchange. The committee continuously refines fungicide efficacy tables and disease factsheets, which are distributed nationwide.

Expected Outcomes and Impacts

Projected Participation

View Appendix E: Participation

Educational Plan

Objectives 4 and 5 directly relate to our educational plan, and we will continue to customize our Extension and outreach activities to meet the needs of our target audience. Our audience includes soybean growers, soybean commodity groups, chemical manufacturers, seed industry, regulatory agencies, and researchers in industry, government, or academia. Currently, the information produced by the NCERA-137 committee is made accessible through various channels such as annual meetings, University Extension activities, weekly newsletters, mailing lists (such as listservs), grower meetings, social media platforms (like Twitter and YouTube), and publications. Additionally, the CPN (https://cropprotectionnetwork.org/), Grow: Plant Health Exchange (https://www.planthealthexchange.org/soybean/Pages/default.aspx), and The SCN Coalition (www.thescncoalition.com) serve as platforms for NCERA-137 members to share information on soybean diseases and disease management. Members also collaborate and discuss real-time issues in identifying diseases or other observations in soybean production areas through the NCERA-137 Basecamp and other mailing lists (such as SSDW and Field Crop Extension Plant Pathologists). Furthermore, information is disseminated through reputable research journals such as Plant Disease, Plant Health Progress, and other scientific publications. Many of our activities are funded by NCSRP, USB, USDA-NIFA, industry funds, etc., to ensure timely and effective dissemination of disease management information to producers and others in the soybean community.

Organization/Governance

There will be two officers (one secretary and one chair) for NCERA-137. A secretary will be elected at each annual meeting. The secretary records and distributes the minutes of the annual meeting, submits the annual report, and then becomes chair of the committee for the following year. The chair directs the activities of the committee, serves as the liaison between the committee and the administrative advisor, and assists with or directs arrangements for the next annual meeting. The chair and secretary will be nominated and elected by committee members for a one-year term.

Literature Cited

Publications:

Refereed Journal Articles:

1. Baetsen-Young, A.M., Araldi Da Silva, G., Kandel Y.R.#, Jacobs, J.L., Byrne, A.M., Mueller, D.S., Smith, D.L., Tenuta, A.U., Wise, K.A., Day, B., and Chilvers, M.I. 2021. Influence of Fusarium virguliforme temporal colonization of corn, tillage, and residue management on soybean sudden death syndrome and soybean yield. Plant Disease. 105: 3250–3260. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-20-1964-RE.


2. Baetsen-Young, A.M., Swinton, S.M., Chilvers, M.I. 2021. Economic Impact of Fluopyram-Amended Seed Treatments to Reduce Soybean Yield Loss Associated with Sudden Death Syndrome. Plant Dis. 105:78-86 https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-20-0792-RE


3. Bissonnette K, Barizon J, Adee E, Ames K, Becker T, Biggs M, Bradley C, Brown M, Byamukama E, Chilvers M, Faske T, Harbach C, Jackson-Ziems T, Kandel Y, Kleczweksi N, Koehler A, Markell S, Mueller S, Sjarpe D, Smith D, Telenko D, and Tenuta A. (Manuscript in prep for Plant Disease) Management of SCN and SDS with nematode-protectant seed treatments across multiple environments.


4. Bradley, C.A., Allen, T.W., Sisson, A.J., Bergstrom, G.C., Bissonnette, K.M., Bond, J., Byamukama, E., Chilvers, M.I., Collins, A.A., Damicone, J.P., Dorrance, A.E., Dufault, N.S., Esker, P.D., Faske, T.R., Giesler, L.J., Fiorellino, N., Hartman, G.L., Hollier, C.A., Isakeit, T., Jackson-Ziems, T.A., Jardine, D.J., Kelly, H.M., Kemerait, R.C., Kleczewski, N.M., Koehler, A.M., Koenning, S.R., Kratochvil, R.J., Kurle, J.E., Malvick, D.K., Markell, S.G., Mathew, F. M., Mehl, H.L., Mehl, K., Mueller, D.S., Mueller, J.D., Nelson, B.D., Overstreet, C., Padgett, G.B., Price, P.P., Sikora, E.J., Small, I., Smith, D.L., Spurlock, T.N., Tande, C.A., Telenko, D.E.P., Tenuta, A.U., Thiessen, L.D., Warner, F., Wiebold, W.J., and Wise, K.A. 2021. Soybean yield loss estimates due to diseases in the United States and Ontario, Canada from 2015 to 2019. 2021. Plant Health Prog. 21: In press. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-01-21-0013-RS


5. Carpenter, K.A., Sisson, A.J., Kandel Y.R., Ortiz, V., Chilvers, M.I., Smith, D.L., Mueller, D.S. 2021. Effect of mowing, seeding rate, and foliar fungicide on soybean Sclerotinia stem rot and yield. Plant Health Progress https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-11-20-0097-RS


6. Carpenter, K.A., Sisson, A.J., Kandel, Y.R., Chilvers, M.I., Smith, D.L., and Mueller, D.S. 2021. Effect of mechanical cutting, planting population, and foliar fungicide on soybean white mold and yield. Plant Health Progress. 22(2):129-135. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-11-20-0097-RS.


7. Cerritos-Garcia, D.G., Granda, J. P., Matthiesen, R., Robertson, A.E. and Mideros, S. X. 2021. Effect of resistance and ethaboxam seed treatment on the management of Phytophthora root rot. Plant Health Progress https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-08-20-0068-RS.


8. Chang, H.-X., Noel, Z.A., Chilvers, M.I. 2021. A β-lactamase Gene of Fusarium oxysporum Alters Rhizosphere Microbiota of Soybean. The Plant Journal 106, 1588–1604 doi: 10.1111/tpj.15257


9. Chowdhury, R. N., Okello, P. N., and Byamukama, E. 2022. Examining the interaction between Phytophthora sojae and soybean cyst nematode on soybean (Glycine max). Plants. 11(4): 560. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11040560


10. Clevinger, E., Biyashev, R., Lerch, E., Yu, H., Charles Quigley, Song, Q., Dorrance, A.E., Robertson, A.E., Maroof. S. 2021. Identification of Quantitative Disease Resistance Loci towards Four Pythium Species in Soybean. Frontiers in Plant Science. doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.644746


11. Collins P.J., Tan R., Wen, Z., Boyse, J.F., Chilvers, M.I., Wang, D. 2022 Genetic mapping of host resistance to soybean sudden death syndrome https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20689


12. Escalante, L. E., Brye, K. R., Faske, T. R. (2021). Nematode populations as affected by residue and water management in a long-term wheat-soybean double-crop system in eastern Arkansas. Applied Soil Ecology, 157, 103761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103761


13. Gambhir, N., Kodati, S., Huff, M., Silva, F., Ajayi-Oyetunde, O., Staton, M., Bradley, C., Adesemoye, A. O., and Everhart, S. E. 2021. Prevention and detection of fungicide resistance development in Rhizoctonia zeae from soybean and corn in Nebraska. Plant Health Progress 22:465-469. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-11-20-0100-SYN.


14. Hassan MK, Lawrence KS, Sikora EJ, Liles MR, Kloepper JW. Enhanced biological control of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, by combined inoculation of cotton or soybean seeds with a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium and pectin-rich orange peel. J Nematol. 2021;53:e2021-58. Published 2021 Jun 22. doi:10.21307/jofnem-2021-058


15. Hebb, L. M., Bradley, C. A., Mideros, S. X., Telenko, D. E. P., Wise, K. A., and Dorrance, A. E. 2022. Pathotype complexity and genetic characterization of Phytophthora sojae populations in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Kentucky. Phytopathology 112:663-681. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-12-20-0561-R. Bradley, C. A., Allen, T. W., Sisson, A. J.,


16. Kandel, Y.R., Phillips, X.A., Gaska, J.M., Conley, S.P., and Mueller, D.S. 2021. Effect of planting population on stem diseases of soybean in Iowa and Wisconsin. Plant Health Progress. 22(2):108-112. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-07-20-0062-RS.


17. Kandel, Y.R., Hunt, C., Ames, K., Arneson, N., Bradley, C.A., Byamukama, E., Byrne, A., Chilvers, M.I., Giesler, L.J., Halvorson, J., Hooker, D.C., Kleczewski, N.M., Malvick, D.K., Markell, S., Potter, B., Pedersen, W.L., Smith, D.L., Tenuta, A.U., Telenko, D.E.P., Wise, K.A., and Mueller, D.S. 2021. Meta-analysis of soybean yield response to foliar fungicides evaluated from 2005 to 2018 in the United States and Canada. Plant Disease. 105: https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-20-1578-RE.


18. Kleczewski N., Kness A., and Koehler A.M. 2022. Impacts of row spacing and fungicide timing on foliar disease, greenstem and yield in double cropped soybeans grown in the Chesapeake Bay region of the United States. Plant Health Progress. PHP-10. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-10-21-0130-BR.


19. Lin, F., Li, W., McCoy, A.G., Gao, X., Collins, P.J., Zhang, N., Wen, Z., Cao, S., Wani, S.H., Gu, C., Chilvers, M.I., Wang D. 2021. Molecular mapping of quantitative disease resistance loci for soybean partial resistance to Phytophthora sansomeana. TAAG 134:1977–1987 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-021-03799-x


20. Matthiessen-Anderson, R.A. Schmidt, C., Geisler, L. and Robertson, A.E. 2021. Comparison of pathotype diversity of Phytophthora sojae recovered from Iowa and Nebraska. Plant Health Progress 22:300-308 doi/10.1094/PHP-02-21-0016-FI.


21. Matthiessen-Anderson, R.A. Schmidt, C. and Robertson, A.E. 2021. Comparison of baiting methods to recover Phytophthora sojae from soil samples. Plant Health Progress 22:316-322 doi/10.1094/PHP-02-21-0040-FI.


22. Matthiesen-Anderson, R.A. and Robertson, A.E. 2021. Comparison of aggressiveness and fungicide sensitivity of four Pythium spp. that cause damping-off of soybean in the United States. Canadian Journal of Pl. Path. doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2021.1881162


23. McCaghey, M., Shao, D., Kurcezewski, J., Lindstrom, A., Ranjan, A., Whitham, S., Conley, S.P., Williams, B., Smith, D.L., and Kabbage, M. 2021. Host-induced gene silencing of a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase using bean pod mottle virus as a vehicle reduces disease on soybean. Frontiers in Plant Science-Plant Pathogen Interactions. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.677631.


24. McCoy, A.M., Noel, Z., Jacobs, J., Clouse, K., Chilvers, M.I. accepted June 28, 2021. Phytophthora sojae pathotype distribution and fungicide sensitivity in Michigan. Plant Disease doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-21-0443-RE


25. McCoy, A., Byrne, A.M., Anderson, G., Kurle, J., Jacobs, J., Telenko, D., Chilvers, M.I. Submitted Feb 3, 2022, Accepted Mar 25, 2022. Oomicide treated soybean seeds reduce early season stand loss to Phytophthora sojae. Crop Protection


26. Mueller, B., Smith, D.L., Webster, W., and Reed, H. 2021. Evaluation of an herbicide and fungicides for control of Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean in Hancock, Wisconsin, 2020. Plant Disease Management Reports 15:CF153.


27. Mueller, B., Smith, D.L., Webster, W., and Reed, H. 2021. Evaluation of foliar fungicides for control of Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean in Hancock, Wisconsin, 2020. Plant Disease Management Reports 15:CF154.


28. Noel, Z.A., Longley, R., Benucci, G.M.N., Trail, F., Chilvers, M., Bonito, G. 2022. Non-target impacts of fungicide disturbance on phyllosphere yeasts in conventional and no-till management. ISME Communications 2, 19 https://doi.org/10.1038/s43705-022-00103-w


29. Neves, D. L., Berghuis, B. G., Halvorson, J. M., Hansen, B. C., Markell, S. G., and Bradley, C. A. 2022. First detection of frogeye leaf spot in soybean fields in North Dakota and the G143A mutation in the cytochrome b gene of Cercospora sojina. Plant Health Progress. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-10-21-0132-BR.


30. Neves, D. L., Wang, A., Weems, J. D., Kelly, H. M., Mueller, D. S., Farman, M., and Bradley, C. A. 2022. Identification of Septoria glycines isolates from soybean with resistance to quinone outside inhibitor fungicides. Plant Disease. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-21-1836-RE.


31. Neves, D. L., Webster, R. W., Smith, D. L., and Bradley, C. A. 2022. The G143A mutation in the cytochrome b gene is associated with quinone outside inhibitor fungicide resistance in Cercospora sojina from soybean fields in Wisconsin. Plant Health Progress. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-09-21-0115-BR.


32. Neves, D. L., and Bradley, C. A. 2021. Baseline sensitivity of Cercospora sojina and Corynespora cassiicola to pydiflumetofen. Crop Protection 147:105461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105461.


33. Nian, J., Yu, M., Bradley, C. A., and Zhao, Y. 2021. Lysobacter enzymogenes strain C3 suppresses mycelium growth and spore germination of eight soybean fungal and oomycete pathogens and decreases disease incidences. Biological Control 152:104424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2020.104424.


34. Petrovic, K., Skaltsas, D., Castlebury, S., Kontz, B., Allen, T., Chilvers, M.I., Fisher Gregory, N., Kelly, H.M., Koehler, A.M., Kleczewski, N.M., Mueller, D.S., Price, T., Smith, D.L., F.M. Mathew. 2021. Diaporthe seed decay of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is endemic in the United States, but new fungi are involved. Plant Disease https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-20-0604-RE


35. Pimentel, Mirian; Srour, Ali; Warner, Amanda; Bond, Jason; Bradley, Carl; Rupe, John; Chilvers, Martin; Rojas, J. Alejandro; Jacobs, Janette; Little, Christopher; Robertson, Alison; Geisler, Loren; Malvick, Dean; Wise, Kiersten; Tenuta, Albert; Fakhoury, Ahmad Submitted Jul 22, 2020. Ecology and Diversity of Fungal Species Associated with Soybean Seedling Diseases in the Midwestern United States. 2022 Journal of Applied Microbiology Journal of Applied Microbiology, 00, 1–15 https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.15507


36. Pimentel, M. F., Arnao, E., Warner, A. J., Rocha, L. F., Subedi, A., Elsharif, N., Chilvers, M. I., Matthiesen, R., Robertson, A. E., Bradley, C. A., Pedersen, D. K., Reuter-Carlson, U., Lacey, J. V., Bond, J. P., and Fakhoury, A. M. 2022. Reduction of Pythium damping-off in soybean by biocontrol seed treatment. Plant Disease. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-21-1313-RE.


37. Pimentel, M., Srour, A.Y., Warner, A.J., Bond, J.P., Bradley, C., Rupe, J., Chilvers, M., Little, C., Robertson, A.E., Geisler, L., Malvick, D., Wise, K., Tenuta, A. and Fakhoury, A.F. XXX. Ecology and diversity of fungal species associated with soybean seedling disease in the US Midwest. J. Appl. Microbiol. (in press).


38. Phillips, X., Kandel, Y.R., and Mueller, D.S. 2021. Impact of foliar fungicides on frogeye leaf spot severity, radiation use efficiency, and yield of soybean in Iowa. Agronomy. 11(9):1785 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091785.


39. Rod, K. S., Bradley, C. A., Shockley, J., and Knott, C. A. 2021. Double-crop soybean management practices for high yield and profitability. Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management 7:e20119. https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20119. Zhang, G., Neves, D. L., Krausz, K., and Bradley, C. A. 2021. Sensitivity of Cercospora sojina to demethylation inhibitor and methyl benzimidazole carbamate fungicides. Crop Protection 149:105765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2021.105765.


40. Sang, H., Chang, H.-X., Choi, S., Son, D., Lee, G., Chilvers, M.I. 2021. Genome-wide transcriptional response of the causal soybean sudden death syndrome pathogen Fusarium virguliforme to a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fluopyram. Pest Management Science https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6657


41. Shao, D.D., Smith, D.L., Kabbage, M., and Roth, M. 2021. Effectors of plant necrotrophic fungi. Frontiers in Plant Science-Plant Pathogen Interactions. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.687713.


42. Sharma, P., Malvick, D.K, and Chanda, A. 2021. Sensitivity of Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-2 isolates from soybean and sugar beet to selected SDHI and QoI fungicides. Plant Disease 105:3573-3579.


43. Webster, R.W., Roth, M.G., Mueller, B.D., Mueller, D.S., Chilvers, M.I., Willbur, J.F., Mourtzinis, S., Conley, S.P., Smith, D.L. Submitted Sept 2021 Accepted Nov 2021. Integration of row spacing, seeding rates, and fungicide application for control of Sclerotinia stem rot in Glycine max. Plant Disease DOI:10.1094/PDIS-09-21-1931-RE


44. Webster, R.W., Roth, M.G., Reed, H., Mueller, B., Groves, C.R., McCaghey, M., Chilvers, M.I., Mueller, D.S., Kabbage, M., and Smith, D.L. 2021. Identification of soybean (Glycine max) check lines for evaluating genetic resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot. Plant Disease. 105: In press. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-20-2193-RE.


45. Westrick, N.M., Smith, D.L., and Kabbage, M. 2021. Disarming the host: Detoxification of plant defense compounds during fungal necrotrophy. Frontiers in Plant Science-Plant Pathogen Interactions. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.651716.


46. Zambrana-Echevarría, C., Roth, M.G., Dasgupta, R., German, T.L., Groves, C.L., and Smith, D.L. 2021. Sensitive and specific qPCR and nested RT-PCR assays for the detection of Tobacco streak virus in soybean. PhytoFrontiers. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTOFR-11-20-0036-R.

 

Abstracts/Proceedings:

1. Bissonnette K (2021) Utilizing regionally coordinated nematode-protectant seed treatment trials and partnerships to enhance applied nematology research and extension. APS National Meeting, August 4, 2021.


2. Barizon J, Biggs M, Eichenburch S, Seyer B, and Bissonnette K (2022) Role of HG type in nematode-protectant seed treatment effectiveness. Proc. So. Soybean Dis. Workers


3. Eichenburch S, Seyer B, Barizon J, Biggs M, and Bissonnette K (2021) Evaluating soybean cyst nematode seed treatments in populations with high and low PI88788 female incides. 2021 Summer Undergraduate Research and Creative Achievements Forum.


4. Edgar Humberto Nieto-Lopez, Mr. Thomas Jose Justo Miorini, Cristian A. Wulkop-Gil, Martin Chilvers, Loren J. Giesler, Tamra A. Jackson-Ziems, Mehdi Kabbage, Daren S. Mueller, Damon L. Smith, Dr. Juan Manuel Tovar-Pedraza, Dr. Jaime F. Willbur and Dr. Sydney E. Everhart Characterization of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from U.S. soybean and dry bean, and from different regions and climates using AmpSeq. APS Plant Health 2021.


5. Edgar Humberto Nieto-Lopez, Mr. Thomas Jose Justo Miorini, Cristian A. Wulkop-Gil, Martin Chilvers, Loren J. Giesler, Tamra A. Jackson-Ziems, Mehdi Kabbage, Daren S. Mueller, Damon L. Smith, Dr. Juan Manuel Tovar-Pedraza, Dr. Jaime F. Willbur and Dr. Sydney E. Everhart, Fungicide sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from USA soybean and dry bean, compared to different regions and climates. APS Plant Health 2021.


6. Galagedara, N., Doyle, V., Price, P., Robertson, C. L., Thomas-Sharma, S. 2021. Comparing the efficiency of spore traps to capture airborne inoculum of Cercospora spp., on soybean. Phytopathology 111: S2.28.


7. Ingram, J., Dangal, N. K., Braun, N., Kontz, B., and Mathew, F. M. 2021. Impact of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on endophytic Fusarium spp. in soybean. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting (Virtual). August 2-6, 2021.


8. Just B and Bissonnette K (2021) Assessing Missouri soybean fields for fungicide-resistant Cercospora sojina. Proc. So. Soybean Dis. Workers.


9. Kessler A.C. and Koehler A.M. 2021. Survey of Nematodes in Delaware and Maryland. Nematodes in Atlantic Soybeans Production Webinar.


10. Kessler A.C. and Koehler A.M. 2021. Characterization and management of Soybean Cyst Nematode in Mid Atlantic soybeans. APS Potomac Division Meeting, Virtual.


11. Kessler A. and Koehler A.M. 2021. Two-year survey of Diaporthe species in soybean across Delaware and Maryland. APS National Meeting, Virtual.


12. Rodriguez, K., Robertson, C. L., Price., P., Doyle, V., Thomas-Sharma, S. 2021. Screening of commercial soybean cultivars for resistance to aerial blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA. Phytopathology 111: S2.23.


13. Sikora, E. J. and K. Conner. 2021. Observations from Soybean Rust Monitoring & Fungicide Field Demonstrations in Alabama in 2020. Proceeding of the Southern Soybean Disease Workers Annual Meeting. Page 21-22.


14. Smith, D.L. 2021. Let’s talk: Using fungicides on corn and soybeans and how to maximize ROI. Proceedings of the 2021 Wisconsin Agribusiness Classic. Vol 5:42.


15. Sureshbabu, B. M., Braun, N., Kontz, B., Subramanian, S., and Mathew, F. 2021. Evaluating the effect of fungicide on endophytes in soybean (Glycine max L.). The Bean Improvement Cooperative (BIC) and the North American Pulse Improvement Association (NAPIA) Annual Meeting (Virtual). November 2-4, 2021.


16. Webster, R.W., McCaghey, M., Mueller, Mueller, D.S., Chilvers, M.I., Conley, S.P., and Smith, D.L. 2021. Improved management of soybean white mold: Revisiting genetic resistance, integrated management, and disease prediction. Proceedings of the 2021 Wisconsin Agribusiness Classic. Vol 5:32-41.


17. Viviana Ortiz Londono, Hao-Xun Chang, Hyunkyu Sang, Kiersten A. Wise and Martin Chilvers Potential adaptive genetic variation in Macrophomina phaseolina as revealed by environmental association on the whole-genome data APS Plant Health 2021.


18. Yuba R. Kandel, Mariama Brown, Martin Chilvers, Nathan M. Kleczewski, Darcy E. P. Telenko, Albert U. Tenuta, Damon L. Smith and Daren S. Mueller. Evaluation of seed treatment fungicides for management of root rot and foliar symptoms of sudden death syndrome and grain yield response of soybean. APS Plant Health 2021.


19. Zachary A. Noel, Reid Longley, Gian Maria Niccolò Benucci, Martin Chilvers, Dr. Frances Trail and Gregory Bonito, Non-target fungicidal effects in the corn and soybean microbiome. APS Plant Health 2021.


20. Zachary A. Noel, Reid Longley, Gian Maria Niccolò Benucci, Martin Chilvers, Dr. Frances Trail and Gregory Bonito, Non-target fungicidal effects in the corn and soybean microbiome Mycological society of America.

Extension and Outreach:

1. Barizon J and Bissonnette K (2021) Harvest is the Perfect Time for Checking Your Field for SCN. Mizzou Crop & Pest News: https://ipm.missouri.edu/cropPest/2021/10/scnNumber-KB/ Bissonnette (20210.) 


2. Bartels, M. (Section Lead), Jackson-Ziems, T. A., Harveson, R. M., Wegulo, S. N., Timmerman, A., Sivits, S., and Broderick, K. 2021. Plant Disease Management. Pages 267-312. In: 2021 Guide for Weed, Disease, and Insect Management in Nebraska. Nebraska Extension EC130. 367 pp. [I W].


3. Bartels, M., Broderick, K., and Jackson-Ziems, T. A. 2021. Managing SCN Starts Now. CropWatch Newsletter. March 19, 2021. Nebraska Extension. [I W] https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2021/managing-soybean-cyst-nematode-starts-now.


4. Bartels, M., Jackson-Ziems, T. A., and Broderick, K. 2021. Sample for Soybean Cyst Nematode this Fall. Crop Watch Newsletter. September 28, 2021. Nebraska Extension. [I W] https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2021/sample-soybean-cyst-nematode-fall.


5. Bartels, M., and Jackson-Ziems, T. A. 2021. Seed Selection Can Help Manage Diseases Next Year. Crop Watch Newsletter. October 27, 2021. Nebraska Extension. [I W] https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2021/seed-selection-can-help-manage-diseases-next-year.


6. Bish M (2022) Soybean Cyst Nematode: Out of Sight, Out of Mind? Mizzou Crop & Pest News: https://ipm.missouri.edu/cropPest/2022/4/soybeanCystNematode-MB/.


7. Bissonnette K, Bish M, and Carraher M (2022) Top 3 Emerging Diseases Going into 2022. Mizzou Crop & Pest News: https://ipm.missouri.edu/cropPest/2022/3/emergingDisease-KB/.


8. Bradley, C. 2021. Soybean seed quality issues due to fungal infections. Kentucky Pest News. https://kentuckypestnews.wordpress.com/2021/10/19/soybean-seed-quality-issues-due-to-fungal-infections/.


9. Bradley, C. 2021. Red crown rot of soybean observed for the first time in Kentucky. Kentucky Pest News. https://kentuckypestnews.wordpress.com/2021/09/21/red-crown-rot-of-soybean-observed-for-the-first-time-in-kentucky/.


10. Bradley, C. 2021. Management of soybean cyst nematode starts with soil sampling this Fall or Spring. Kentucky Pest News. https://kentuckypestnews.wordpress.com/2021/09/14/management-of-soybean-cyst-nematode-starts-with-soil-sampling-this-fall-or-spring-4/.


11. Bradley, C. 2021. Foliar fungicide consideration for soybean. Kentucky Pest News. https://kentuckypestnews.wordpress.com/2021/07/13/foliar-fungicide-considerations-for-soybean-3/.


12. Bradley, C. 2021. It's time to sample for soybean cyst nematode in your fields. Kentucky Pest News. https://kentuckypestnews.wordpress.com/2021/04/13/its-time-to-sample-for-soybean-cyst-nematode-in-your-fields/.


13. Bradley, C., Allen, T., Mueller, D., Tenuta, A., Mehl, K., and Sisson, A. 2022. Soybean disease loss estimates from the United States and Ontario, Canada - 2021. Crop Protection Network. doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20220413-0.


14. Brown, M. T., Ravellette, J. D., and Telenko, D. E. P. 2021. Evaluation of seed treatment for management of sudden death syndrome (SDS) in central Indiana, 2020. Plant Disease Management Reports 15: CF079.


15. Brown, M. T., Ravellette, J. D., and Telenko, D. E. P. 2021. Evaluation of seed treatments for disease control on soybean in central Indiana, 2020. Plant Disease Management Reports 15: N001.


16. Brown, M. T., Ravellette, J. D., and Telenko, D. E. P. 2021. Evaluation of variety, seed treatments, and planting population on soybean in central Indiana, 2020. Plant Disease Management Reports. 15:CF077.


17. Brown, M. T., Ravellette, J. D., and Telenko, D. E. P. 2021. Evaluation of variety, seed treatments, and planting population on soybean in northern Indiana, 2020. Plant Disease Management Reports. 15: CF078.


18. Byamukama, E. Strunk, C., and Tande, C. 2021. Charcoal and Fusarium rots observed in early senescing soybean plants. SDSU Extension; Published August 2021.


19. Byamukama, E., Strunk, C., and Mathew, F. 2021. Be aware of fungicide resistance in field crops. SDSU Extension; Published August 2021.


20. Byamukama, E., Strunk, C., and Mathew, F. 2021. Stem canker developing in some soybean fields. SDSU Extension; Published August 2021.


21. Byamukama, E. and Strunk, C. 2021. Bacterial blight developing in some soybean fields. SDSU Extension; Published July 2021.


22. Byamukama, E., Varenhorst, A., Strunk, C., Rozeboom, P., and Wagner, P. 2021. Monitor soybean for bean leaf beetle activity. SDSU Extension; Published July 2021.


23. Byamukama, E., Strunk, C., Clark, J., and Bly, A. 2021. What is causing soybeans to yellow at this time? SDSU Extension; Published July 2021.


24. Byamukama, E., Strunk, C., and Tande, C. 2021. Drought conditions may increase SCN population in the soil. SDSU Extension; Published July 2021.


25. Varenhorst, A., Rozeboom, P., Wagner, P., Strunk, C., and Byamukama, E. 2021. Monitor soybean for bean leaf beetle activity. South Dakota State University Extension. Published online 7/23/2021


26. Chowdhury, I., A., Yan, G., Halvorson, J., Thapa, A., Halvorson, M. and Markell, S. 2022. Soybean Cyst Nematode (SCN). NDSU Extension Publication PP1732.


27. Conrad, A. M., Ravellette, J. D., Shim, S., and Telenko, D. E. P. 2021. Fungicide comparison for white mold in soybean in northwest Indiana, 2020. Plant Disease Management Reports. 15:CF019.


28. Conrad, A. M., Ravellette, J. D., Shim, S., and Telenko, D. E. P. 2021.Fungicide comparison for soybean diseases in central Indiana, 2020. Plant Disease Management Reports. 15:CF020.


29. Faske, T. R., Mueller, J., Thiessen, L. (2021). Root-Knot Nematodes (August 26, 2021, ed.). Crop Protection Network. http://doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20210820-2.


30. Jackson-Ziems, T. A. 2021. Strategies to Manage SCN. Nebraska Soybean Board. Spring 2021. P. 17. [I W] https://nebraskasoybeans.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/367728-NE_Soybean_Assoc-Magazine_Spring_2021_LoRes-2.pdf.


31. Jackson-Ziems, T. A. 2021. Midseason Disease Management Tips. Nebraska Soybean Board. Summer 2021. P. 25. [I W] https://nebraskasoybeans.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/SoybeaNebraska-Summer-FY21-web-ready-version.pdf.


32. Jackson-Ziems, T. A. 2021. Crop and Soybean Disease Update: Southern rust, Frogeye Leaf Spot, and Phytophthora root and stem rot. Crop Watch Newsletter. July 23, 2021. Nebraska Extension. [I W] https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2021/corn-and-soybean-disease-update-southern-rust-frogeye-leaf-spot-and-phytophthora-root-and-stem.


33. Kessler L. and Koehler A.M. 2021. Evaluation of foliar fungicides for management of soybean diseases in Delaware, 2020. Plant Disease Management Reports. 15:CF090.


34. Koehler A.M. Scouting for Soybean Cyst Nematodes. Delaware Weekly Crop Update. 6/4/21.


35. Koehler A.M. Resources for 2021 Corn and Soybean Fungicide Recommendations. Delaware Weekly Crop Update. 6/18/21.


36. Koehler A.M. Soybean Disease Updates. Delaware Weekly Crop Update. 7/30/21.


37. Koehler A.M. Field Crop Disease Updates. Delaware Weekly Crop Update. 8/6/21.


38. Koehler A.M. Soil Sampling for Nematodes in Soybeans. Delaware Weekly Crop Update. 9/10/21.


39. Mane, A. G., and Jackson-Ziems, T. A. 2021.Fungicide Resistance in FLS and Use of Foliar Fungicides in Nebraska. SoybeaNebraska. Nebraska Soybean Board. Spring 2021. P. 14. [E W] https://nebraskasoybeans.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/367728-NE_Soybean_Assoc-Magazine_Spring_2021_LoRes-2.pdf.


40. Mane A.G., Everhart S.E., and Jackson-Ziems T.A., March 19, 2021. Nebraska soybean foliar fungicide survey. CropWatch. Nebraska Extension. [I W] https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2021/nebraska-soybean-foliar-fungicide-use-survey.


41. Moseley, D., Harrison, S., Padgett, B., Price, T., Harrell, D., Gravois, K., La Bonte, D., and Foster, M. 2021. Variety testing: A critical component for sustainable production systems. Louisiana Agriculture Magazine. 64(1). 


42. Moseley, D., B. Padgett, S. Brown, D. Stephenson, and R. Parvej. 2021. Planting considerations for soybean. Louisiana Crops Newsletter. Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA. 11(1).


43. Mueller, D., Wise, K., Bradley, C., Sisson, A., Smith, D., Hodgson, E., Tenuta, A., Friskop, A., Conley, S., Faske, T., Sikora, E., Giesler, L., and Chilvers, M. 2021. Fungicide Use in Field Crops. Crop Protection Network. CPN 4008. Doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20210329-0.


44. Piñeros-Guerrero, N., Ravellette, J. D., and Telenko, D. E. P. 2021. Evaluation of fungicides for foliar diseases on soybean in central Indiana, 2020. Plant Disease Management Reports. 15: CF080.


45. Piñeros-Guerrero, N., Ravellette, J. D., and Telenko, D. E. P. 2021. Fungicide comparison for soybean diseases in southwestern Indiana, 2020. Plant Disease Management Reports. 15:CF081.


46. Padgett, Guy B., Singh, Raghuwinder., Clark, Christopher A., Hoy, Jeffrey W., Price, III, Paul P, Watson, T., Brown, Kimberly Pope, Ferguson, Mary Helen. "2022 Louisiana Plant Disease Management Guide (online store item)". 2021, Publication No. 1802. 


47. Price, T., B. Padgett, M. Purvis, D. Ezell, D. Harrell, J. Leonards, F. Collins, L. Lee, J. Hebert, and J. Meaux. 2021. On-farm research identifies options for managing fungicide-resistant aerial blight of soybean. Louisiana Agric. 64:3. 16-17. 


48. Reinders, J. D., Tharnish, B. R., Brungardt, J. L., and Jackson-Ziems, T. A. 2021. Efficacy of foliar fungicides on frogeye leaf spot and Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean in Nebraska, 2020. American Phytopathological Society. Plant Disease Management Reports. 15:CF139. [I F E A W].


49. Roth, M.G., Webster, R.W., Reed, H., Mueller, B., Groves, C.L., McCaghey, M., Chilvers, M.I., Mueller, D.S., Kabbage, M., and Smith, D. 2021. Improved screening method for genetic resistance to white mold (Sclerotinia stem rot) in soybean. CPN 5006. https://doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20210318-1.


50. Shim, S., Ravellette, J. D., and Telenko, D. E. P. 2021. Compare the efficacy of seed treatments in soybean in northwestern Indiana, 2020. Plant Disease Management Reports. 15: CF143.


51. Shim, S. and Telenko, D. 2022. Applied Research in Field Crop Pathology for Indiana 2021. Jan 2022. Purdue Extension.BP-217-W.


52. Sikora, E. Seedling diseases of soybeans. Alabama Crops Report. 2/16/21.


53. Sikora, E. 2021. Soybean disease update. Alabama Crops Report. 7/20/21.


54. Sikora, E. 2021. Southern rust on the move in south Alabama. Alabama Crops Report. 7/20/21.


55. Sikora, E. Frogeye leaf spot detected on soybeans in Brewton, AL. Alabama Crops Report. 8/3/21.


56. Sikora, E. Soybean rust detected in Conecuh, Dale, Henry, and Pike counties. Alabama Crops Report. 8/3/21


57. Sikora, E. 2021. Keep an eye out for taproot decline. Alabama Crops Report. 8/17/21.


58. Sikora, E. 2021. Taproot decline emerging as a new problem for Alabama soybean growers. Alabama Crops Report. 9/14/21.


59. Sikora, E. 2021. Soybean rust in 2021. Alabama Crops Report. 9/28/21.


60. Sikora, E. 2021. Soil sampling in the fall is a good time to detect nematode problems in soybeans. Alabama Crops Report. 10/14/21.


61. Sikora, E. 2021. Results from fungicide trials for soybean rust management at Fairhope, AL. Alabama Crops Report. 12/16/21.


62. Smith, D.L., Mueller, B., and Nicolli, C.P. 2020. Wisconsin soybean and corn disease update. Aug. 12. Wisconsin Crop Manager. https://ipcm.wisc.edu/blog/2021/08/wisconsin-soybean-and-corn-disease-update-august-2-2021/.


63. Smith, D.L. 2021. Wisconsin soybean and corn disease update. Jul. 7. Wisconsin Crop Manager. https://ipcm.wisc.edu/blog/2021/07/14290/.


64. Smith, D.L. 2021. Fireworks fly! Time to think about white mold management in soybeans in Wisconsin. Jul. 3. Wisconsin Crop Manager. https://ipcm.wisc.edu/blog/2021/07/fireworks-fly-time-to-think-about-white-mold-management-in-soybeans-in-wisconsin/.


65. Smith, D.L. 2021. Crop protection network webinars on managing soybean diseases. Mar 5, Wisconsin Crop Manager. https://ipcm.wisc.edu/blog/2021/03/crop-protection-network-webinars-on-managing-soybean-diseases/.


66. Smith, D.L. and Mueller, B. 2021. 2020 Wisconsin field crops fungicide test summary. Feb. 12. Wisconsin Crop Manager. https://ipcm.wisc.edu/blog/2021/02/2020-wisconsin-field-crops-fungicide-test-summary/.


67. Telenko, D. 2021. Foliar disease update in Indiana corn and soybean. Purdue Extension. Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue 2021.17.


68. Telenko, D. 2021. Update on disease risk in soybean and corn in Indiana. Purdue Extension. Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue. 2021.16.


69. Tharnish, B. R., Brungardt, J. L., and Jackson-Ziems, T. A. 2021. Effects of Delaro and Delaro Complete on corn in south central Nebraska, 2020. American Phytopathological Society. Plant Disease Management Reports. 15:CF087. [I F E A W].


70. Wise, K., Brewer, M., Bradley, C., Mueller, D., Sisson, A., Tenuta, A., Allen, T., Bergstrom, G., Bissonnette, K., Byamukama, E., Chilvers, M., Dufault, N., Faske, T., Friskop, A., Kelly, H., Koehler, A., Langston, D., Markell, S., Marshall, J., Martinez-Espinoza, A., Paul, P., Robertson, A., Smith, D., Telenko, D., and Vincelli, P. 2021. Fungicides are more than a plant disease management tool. Crop Protection Network. doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20211011-000.


71. Effect of cover crop and seed treatment on stand establishment in corn, cotton, and soybeans. Louisiana Agriculture.


72. Louisiana Plant Pathology Disease Identification and Management Series: Taproot Decline of Soybean. 2021, LSU AgCenter Publication No. 3802.


73. Missouri Soybean Disease Guide. Published by Missouri Soybean Merchandising Council. https://mosoy.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/59934-21-MO-Disease-Guide.pdf.


74. Frogeye leaf spot https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/fungicide-resistance-in-frogeye-leaf-spot-of-soybean-in-michigan.


75. Variety selection is critical for disease management. Austin McCoy and Martin Chilvers. Michigan Soybean News Vol 13 Iss 4. Fall 2021.


76. Scout corn and beans for foliar diseases Janelle Brose, Farm News Media https://www.michiganfarmnews.com/video-scout-corn-and-beans-for-foliar-diseases.


77. Tar spot and SCN – Nicole Heslip. Brownfield Ag News. July 23, 2021.


78. Managing soybean diseases with foliar fungicide applications. Chilvers M., and Staton, M. July 14, 2021 https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/managing-soybean-diseases-with-foliar-fungicide-applications.


79. Time to scout for SCN females and other associated plant diseases by Julianne Johnston. The SCN Coalition. July 13, 2021.


80. Boosting Soybean Resistance to Fight Phytophthora Stem and Root Rot. Soybean Research Information Network article by Carol Brown. July 6, 2021 https://soybeanresearchinfo.com/research-highlight/boosting-soybean-resistance-to-fight-phytophthora-stem-and-root-rot/?utm_term=&utm_campaign=SRIN%202021&utm_medium=email&_hsmi=137298094&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-8332er2EgQoaoux4EURIlAAm3CsxpkbFqgz_rZ712PWUN1f8PFc5ASQxN_aI8v6j9P_Dm2ejbYTf_rhfr6urJJA3-vNw&utm_content=137298094&utm_source=hs_email.


81. Time to Scout for SCN Females and Other Associated Plant Diseases. The SCN Coalition.

Book Chapters

1. Byamukama, E., Yabwalo, D., and Strunk, C. 2022. Foliar Fungicides in Soybean. In: Rozeboom, P. (Edr). 2022 South Dakota Soybeans Pest Management Guide. Publication # P-00010. South Dakota State University, SDSU Extension, Brookings, SD. https://extension.sdstate.edu/sites/default/files/2021-12/P-00010.pdf. 


2. Byamukama, E., Yabwalo, D., Rozeboom, P., Wagner, P., and Varenhorst, A. 2022. Soybean Seed Treatments. In: Rozeboom, P. (Edr). 2022 South Dakota Soybeans Pest Management Guide. Publication # P-00010. South Dakota State University, SDSU Extension, Brookings, SD. https://extension.sdstate.edu/sites/default/files/2021-12/P-00010.pdf.


3. Mueller, D., Wise, K., Bradley, C., Sisson, A., Smith, D., Hodgson, E., Tenuta, A., Friskop, A., Conley, S., Faske, T., Sikora, E., Giesler, L., and Chilvers, M. 2021. Fungicide Use in Field Crops. Crop Protection Network. CPN 4008. Doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20210329-0.


4. Sikora, E. J. 2022. Root-knot and reniform nematodes: Double trouble for soybeans in the southern United States. 125-131. In: Integrated Nematode Management: State-of-the-art and visions for the future. Eds. Richard A. Sikora, Johan Desaeger, and Leendert Molendijk. CAB International, UK. 498 pages.


5. Sisson, A.J., D.S. Mueller, S.P. Conley, C.K. Gerber, S.H. Graham, E.W. Hodgson, T.R. Legleiter, P. Price, K.J. Schaefer, E.J. Sikora, T.H. Wilkerson, and K.L. Wise. 2021. Crop Scouting Basics for Corn and Soybean. Crop Protection Network. doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20201214-0.

Attachments

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