OLD S1079: Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation for Development of Virginia-type Cultivars with High Oleic Trait, Flavor, and Rainfed Production

(Multistate Research Project)

Status: Inactive/Terminating

Project Menu

SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[09/30/2022] [09/30/2019] [09/30/2020] [09/30/2021]

Date of Annual Report: 09/30/2022

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 03/23/2021 - 03/23/2021
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2021 - 09/30/2022

Participants

1. Ashley Collins
2. Dustin Auman (2 attendees)
3. Charles Barnes
4. David Jordan
5. Dawson Rascoe
6. Dell Cotton
7. Jimmy Laine
8. John Crumpler crumpiii@aol.com
9. Michael Jackson
10. Simmons, Mark
11. Billy Gwaltney
12. Taylor Slade taylorslade@embarqmail.com
13. Hardiman, Thomas
14. William Foote 'bill_foote@ncsu.edu'
15. Ronnie Clark
16. Jeff Dunne, jcdunne@ncsu.edu
17. Loren Fisher
18. Duncan, Susan
19. Taylor, Sally
20. William Barrow
21. Lance Grimes lance_grimes@ncsu. edu
22. Daughtrey, Carson
23. Phillip Browning
24. Langston, David
25. Wayne Nixon wnixon@hamptonfarms.com
26. Chappell, Matthew
27. Balota, Maria
28. Dunlow, Zoe
29. Cherry, Fitz
30. Christy Chavis
31. Frank Bryant
32. Karl Jones
33. Bred Slye
34. Abhilash Chandel

Brief Summary of Minutes

Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation Advisory Committee Meeting

March 23, 2022

Virginia Tidewater AREC, Suffolk, VA

Organized: Dr. M. Balota

Chaired: Dr. Duncan (VT turn to chair)

10:30-10:35 Welcome, introductions, and lunch arrangements: Dr. M. Balota

10:35-10:40 Approval of minutes: Dr. Duncan

10:40-10:55 NCSU and VA Tech Administration Comment:

Dr. Fisher, Dr. Duncan, Dr. Chappell

10:55-11:00 PVQE update: Dr. M. Balota

11:00-11:10 PVQE in South Carolina update: Dr. Dan Anco (Peanut Specialist, Clemson)

11:10-11:40 Dr. Jeff Dunne

Lines included in the 2022 PVQE testing

Updates on the breeding program;

New releases?

11:40-12:10 Discussions on:

New releases;

Industry’ s new identified needs;

Date for the next PVQE meeting;

12:10-12:15 Concluding remarks

12:15-13:15 Lunch

Looking forward at seeing you then!

Minutes Attachment:

PVQE March 23 2022 MEETING MINUTES.docx

Accomplishments

Extensive research on peanut variety and quality evaluations occurred in 2022 in on-farm and research stations studies.  The participants at the meeting in March 2022 represented faculty from NC State University, Clemson and Virginia Tech University, extension agents, farmers and their associations representatives, and industry representatives participated in the discussion about 2021 results and about current peanut breeding lines and new releases, and about 2022 plans for research, and program needs.  In addition, the fall PVQE field tour occurred in North Carolina and had relatively good participation from the same groups. More information on Accomplishments will be reported later this year.

Publications

The annual PVQE book will be published in late 2022.

Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 09/30/2019

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 03/25/2019 - 03/25/2019
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2018 - 09/30/2019

Participants

Participants Attachment:

2019 PVQE MEETING 3.25.19.docx

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

2019 PVQE MEETING 3.25.19.docx

Accomplishments

Due to suitability to the environmental conditions and existence of a strong peanut industry tailored to process primarily the large-seeded Virginia-type peanut, growers in Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina generally grow Virginia-type cultivars. In the view of a common interest in the Virginia-type peanut, the three states are working together through a multistate project, the Peanut Variety Quality Evaluation (PVQE), to evaluate advanced breeding lines and commercial cultivars throughout their production regions. The objectives of this project are: 1) to determine yield, grade, quality, and disease response of commercial cultivars and advanced breeding lines at various locations in Virginia and the Carolinas, 2) develop a database for Virginia-type peanut to allow research-based selection of the best genotypes by growers, industry, and the breeding programs, and 3) to identify the most suited peanut genotypes for various regions that can be developed into varieties. ? The most recent cultivars, currently grown in the VC region are 'Bailey' (2008), 'Sugg' (2009), 'Titan' (2010), 'Sullivan' (2015), 'Wynne' (2013), 'Emery' (2015), 'Bailey II' (2017), and 'Walton' (2019). In 2028, PVQE included 26 genotypes: 5 commercial varieties and 21 advanced breeding lines developed by the North Carolina State University and University of Florida/Virginia Tech peanut breeding programs. All breeding lines have the 'high oleic acid' characteristic and they are marked by 'ol' letters in their names; the commercial cultivars are conventional for this trait with the exception of Sullivan and Wynne. Genotypes were planted from May 10 through 27 at five locations: at the Tidewater AREC in Suffolk, VA, Martin Co., NC, the Upper Coastal Plain Research Station (UCPRS) near Rocky Mount, NC, Bladen County, NC, and the Edisto Research and Education Center at Blackville, SC. At Suffolk and Martin two digging dates and two replications within each digging date were planted in a 5 × 5 lattice design. The first digging date was approximately two weeks earlier than the optimum harvest date (the second digging date in this test). This setting allows identification of early maturing varieties. At the UCPRS and Bladen County, only one digging date (optimum) replicated twice at each site were planted. At the Edisto Research and Education Center, additional cultivars were used. For all locations, cultivars were compared with the breeding lines for yield and grading characteristics as the ultimate objective is development of improved Virginia-type peanut cultivars. For objective 1-3, timely results were produced each year. More specifically, yield and farmer-stock grading data including percentages of foreign material (FM), loose shelled kernels (LSK), jumbo and fancy pods, extra-large kernels (ELK), sound mature kernels (SMK), sound splits (SS), other kernels (OK), and damaged kernels (DK) were measured and recorded. Price per pound was calculated by the federal formula and the crop value per acre obtained as the product of yield times the price per pound. This information was made available to the PVQE Advisory Committee and discussed at its annual meeting to allow selection and release of excellent varieties that meet the high expectations of shellers, processors, and manufacturers. In 2019, 'Walton' peanut was released as a high yielding, early maturing, and drought tolerant cultivar. To address objective 3, only high oleic breeding lines were included in PVQE testing during the course of this project. 'Walton' is a high oleic cultivar and it was jointly release by Virginia Tech and the University of Florida. To address objective 4, 12 breeding lines and 2 checks were exposed to soil moisture deprivation for the later part of the growing season using rain exclusion shelters. This test was just started in 2019 season. Graduate students, postdocs, and farmer trainings were developed during the course of this project in 2019.

Publications

Balota, M., J. Dunne, A.B. Cazenave, and D. Anco. 2018. Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation results I: 2019 agronomic and grade data. Virginia Tech and Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. SPES93-NP, 41 p. https://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/SPES/SPES- 93/SPES-93.html

Impact Statements

The majority of peanut varieties grown in the Viriginia and Carolina peanut producing area have a history of being extensively evaluated through the PVQE program prior to commercialization and use by growers.

Date of Annual Report: 09/30/2020

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 03/30/2020 - 03/30/2020
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2019 - 09/30/2020

Participants

Participants Attachment:

2020 PVQE_Minutes.docx

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

2020 PVQE_Minutes.docx

Accomplishments

In 2019, PVQE included 28 genotypes: 6 commercial varieties and 22 advanced breeding lines developed by the North Carolina State University (NCSU) and University of Florida/Virginia Tech peanut breeding programs. All breeding lines have the 'high oleic' characteristic and they are marked by 'ol' letters in their names. With the exception of Bailey, which is a non- high oleic or conventional cultivar for this trait, all other commercial cultivars used as checks are high oleic; they are Bailey II, Emery, Sullivan, Walton, and Wynne. Genotypes were planted from May 3 through June 10 at five locations in three states: at the Tidewater AREC in Suffolk, VA, Martin Co., NC, the Upper Coastal Plain Research Station (UCPRS) near Rocky Mount, NC, Bladen County, NC, and the Edisto Research and Education Center at Blackville, SC. At Suffolk and Martin, two digging dates and two replications within each digging date were planted in a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design. The first digging date was approximately two weeks earlier than the optimum harvest date (i.e. the second digging date in this test). This setting allows the identification of early maturing varieties. At the UCPRS and Bladen County, only one digging date (optimum) replicated twice at each site were planted. At the Edisto Research and Education Center, additional cultivars were used. For all locations, cultivars were compared with the breeding lines for yield and grading characteristics as the ultimate objective is the development of improved Virginia-type peanut cultivars. For objective 1-3, timely results were produced each year. More specifically, yield and farmer-stock grading data including percentages of foreign material (FM), loose shelled kernels (LSK), jumbo and fancy pods, extra-large kernels (ELK), sound mature kernels (SMK), sound splits (SS), other kernels (OK), and damaged kernels (DK) were measured and recorded. Price per pound was calculated by the federal formula and the crop value per acre obtained as the product of yield times the price per pound. This information was made available to the PVQE Advisory Committee (PVQEAC) comprised of breeders, researchers, growers, shellers, processors, manufacturers, and certified seed producers and distributors in the VC region. Due to COVID-19, this year the PVQE-AC meeting was virtual and included only the sub-committee with a reduced number of participants. In this meeting, 'NC20' peanut was proposed for release as a high yielding cultivar with superior resistance to the leaf spot disease. To address objective 3, only high oleic breeding lines were included in PVQE testing during the course of this project. 'NC20' is a high oleic cultivar and it was released after the PVQE-AC approval by NCSU. To address objective 4, 12 breeding lines and 2 checks were exposed to soil moisture deprivation for the later part of the growing season using rain exclusion shelters. This test showed that NC20 maintained high yield and percent Fancy pods, and low DK percent after 4 weeks of low soil moisture stress, at similar levels with the drought-tolerant species-derived germplasm line used in this test, the 'GP-NC WS17'. Graduate students and one postdoc helped with the field trials, data analysis, and PVQE publications, which provided them with the opportunity to grow professionally. In addition, grower trainings were organized during the course of this project in 2020, in-person and virtually, following the COVID-19 guidance from the university. In Jan 2020, PVQE 2019 data were included in two reports published online on the Virginia Cooperative Extension website, https://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/author/b/balota-maria.resource.html. In Feb 2020, information was presented to growers, shellers, processors, certified seed producers, and researchers during the Virginia Peanut Production Annual Meeting. In May, PVQE data was disseminated to the PVQE-AC; and also on Aug 14 at a virtual field tour; and, finally, in a series of in- person meetings with farmers in Sep 2020.

Publications

Balota, M., Cazenave*, A. B., Dunne, J., and Anco D., 2020. Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation results I: 2019 agronomic and grade data*. Virginia Tech and Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. SPES-93NP. 41 p. <a href="https://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/SPES/SPES-93/SPES-93.html">https://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/SPES/SPES-93/SPES-93.html</a>. Balota, M., Cazenave*, A. B., Dunne, J., and Anco D., 2020. Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation results II: 2019 quality data*. Virginia Tech and Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. AREC-64NP. 45 p. https://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/AREC/AREC-64/AREC- 64.html.

Impact Statements

PVQE committee continues to provide extensive peanut variety and quality evaluations prior to variety release and use by growers.

Date of Annual Report: 09/30/2021

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 03/23/2021 - 03/23/2021
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2020 - 09/30/2021

Participants

Participants Attachment:

2021 final PVQE_Zoom_mtgMinutes(2).docx

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

2021 PVQE_Zoom_mtgMinutes.docx

Accomplishments

Growers in Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina generally grow Virginia-type cultivars due to suitability to regional environmental conditions and existence of a strong peanut industry tailored to process primarily the large-seeded Virginia- type peanut. These three states represent the VC peanut growing region, and they represent the primary Virginia-type production region in the USA. These three states collaborate through a multistate project, the Peanut Variety Quality Evaluation (PVQE), to evaluate advanced breeding lines and commercial cultivars throughout their production regions. The objectives of this project are: 1) to determine yield, grade, quality, and disease response of commercial cultivars and advanced breeding lines at various locations in Virginia and the Carolinas, 2) develop a database for Virginia-type peanut to allow research-based selection of the best genotypes by growers, industry, and the breeding programs, and 3) to identify the most suited peanut genotypes for various regions that can be developed into commercial varieties. The most recently released cultivars developed as part of the PVQE program and currently grown in the VC region are 'Bailey' (2008), 'Sugg' (2009), 'Titan' (2010), 'Sullivan' (2015), 'Wynne' (2013), 'Emery' (2015), 'Bailey II' (2017), 'Walton' (2019) and 'NC20' (2020). In 2020, PVQE included 30 genotypes: 6 commercial varieties and 24 advanced breeding lines developed by the North Carolina State University (NCSU) and University of Florida/Virginia Tech peanut breeding programs. All breeding lines have 'high oleic' characteristic and they are marked by 'ol' letters in their names. With the exception of Bailey, which is a non-high oleic or conventional cultivar for this trait, all other commercial cultivars used as checks are high oleic. These cultivars include Bailey II, Emery, Sullivan, Walton, and Wynne. As part of this project, genotypes were planted from May 13 through June 10 at five locations in three states: at the Tidewater AREC in Suffolk, VA; Martin Co., NC; the Upper Coastal Plain Research Station (UCPRS) near Rocky Mount, NC; Bladen County, NC; and the Edisto Research and Education Center at Blackville, SC. At Tidewater AREC and Martin Co., NC, two digging dates and two replications within each digging date were planted in a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design. The first digging date was approximately two weeks earlier than the optimum harvest date (i.e. the second digging date in this test). This setting allows identification of early maturing varieties. At the UCPRS and Bladen County, NC sites only one digging date (optimum) was replicated twice. At the Edisto Research and Education Center, additional region-specific cultivars were employed. For all locations, cultivars were compared with the breeding lines for yield and grading characteristics as the ultimate objective was development of improved Virginia-type peanut cultivars. For objective 1-3, timely results were produced each year. More specifically, yield and farmer-stock grading data included percentage of foreign material (FM), loose shelled kernels (LSK), jumbo and fancy pods, extra-large kernels (ELK), sound mature kernels (SMK), sound splits (SS), other kernels (OK), and damaged kernels (DK). Price per pound was calculated by the federal formula and the crop value per acre obtained as the product of yield times the price per pound. This information was made available to the PVQE Advisory Committee (PVQEAC) comprised of breeders, researchers, growers, shellers, processors, manufacturers, and certified seed producers and distributors in the VC region. Due to COVID-19, the PVQEAC annual meeting was virtual. In this meeting, 'NC20' peanut was presented as a high yielding cultivar with superior resistance to leaf spot disease. To address objective 3, only high oleic breeding lines were included in PVQE testing during the course of this project. 'NC20' is a high oleic cultivar and it was released after the PVQEAC approval by the NCSU. To address objective 4, 12 breeding lines and 2 checks were exposed to soil moisture deprivation for the later part of the growing season using rain exclusion shelters. This test showed that NC20 maintained high yield and percent Fancy pods as well as low DK percent after 4 weeks of low soil moisture stress, at similar levels with the drought tolerant species-derived germplasm line used in this test, 'GP-NC WS17'. One graduate student and one postdoc assisted (and gained knowledge in experimental design) with the field trials, data analysis and PVQE publications. This undoubtedly provided them with the opportunity to grow professionally. In addition, grower trainings were organized during the course of this project in 2021. We organized two in-person field tours, one in general on peanut production at the Tidewater AREC and a second specifically on PVQE research at the Taylor Slade Farm near Williamston, NC. In Sep 2021, two pod blasting clinics were organized in Surry and Windsor, VA to help growers observe and understand maturity, in particular for the most recent released genotypes from the PVQE program; Bailey II, Emery, and Walton, and NC20. In Jan 2021, PVQE 2020 data were included in two reports published online on the Virginia Cooperative Extension website. In Feb 2021, information was presented to growers, shellers, processors, certified seed producers, and researchers during the Virginia Peanut Production Annual Meeting, which usually counts over 100 attendees. In March, PVQE data was disseminated to the PVQEAC followed on Sep 14 and 21 with two field tours; and, finally, in a series of in-person meetingswith farmers in Sep 2021.

Publications

Anco, D.J., Balota, M., Dunne, J.C., and Brown, N. 2021. Sound splits as influenced by seed size for runner and virginia market type peanut shelled on a reciprocating sheller. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1896. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091869">https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091869</a>. Balota, M., Cazenave, A. B., Dunne, J., and Anco D., 2021. Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation results II: 2020 quality data*. Virginia Tech and Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. AREC-309NP. 49 p.

Impact Statements

Over 95% of peanut varieties grown in the Virginia and Carolina peanut producing area have a history of being extensively evaluated through the PVQE program prior to commercialization and use on-farm.