NC_old1184: Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Skeletal Muscle Growth and Differentiation

(Multistate Research Project)

Status: Inactive/Terminating

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SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[10/29/2015] [12/12/2016] [12/12/2017] [01/03/2019] [01/06/2020]

Date of Annual Report: 10/29/2015

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 10/15/2015 - 10/16/2015
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2014 - 09/01/2015

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

See attached "Copy of Minutes" file for NC1184's 2014-2015 annual report.

Please log into NIMSS at www.nimss.org to view the attached file if you do not see a link below.

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Accomplishments

Publications

Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 12/12/2016

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 10/14/2016 - 10/15/2016
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2015 - 09/30/2016

Participants

Participants Attachment:

2016 NC1184 Participants.docx

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

2016 NC1184 Minutes.docx

Accomplishments

Objective 1:  Characterize the signal transduction pathways that regulate skeletal muscle growth and metabolism including the influence of endogenous growth factors and various production practices. Alabama station:     1.  Impact of in ovo thermal manipulation on broiler chicken muscle development, growth, and satellite cell activity. Completed the live animal growth performance and carcass yield data collection portion of the project. The cryohistology and immunofluorescence analysis portions of the project are ongoing.   2.  Effects of dietary amino acid density on growth performance, satellite cell activity, collagen gene expression, and the incidence of wooden breast. Completed the live animal growth performance, carcass yield data collection, and sample collection portions of the project. The cryohistology and immunofluorescence analysis portions of the project are ongoing.  Arkansas station: 1. Defining the role of leucine in skeletal muscle energy metabolism (J. Baum). This study demonstrated that leucine regulates skeletal muscle bioenergetics via SIRT1 and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) under conditions of metabolic stress in a murine in vitro muscle cell model (C2C12 cells). 2. Regulation of muscle mitochondrial function, biogenesis, bioenergetics and dynamics by orexin (S. Dridi).We found, using several molecular techniques, that orexin system is expressed and secreted in avian muscle. In vitro administration of recombinant orexin regulates the expression of prepro-orexin and its related receptors ORXR1 and ORXR2 in quail myoblast cells. Recombinant orexin regulates mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission), biogenesis, function and bioenergetics. 3. Identification of downstream cascades employed by 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3] to enhance broiler breast muscle growth (S. Dridi) We found that supplementation of 25(OH)D3 in diet enhanced breast muscle yield in broiler (meat-type) chickens. 25(OH)D3 supplementation increased the fractional rate of protein synthesis. Molecular analyses revealed that breast muscle from chickens fed the 25(OH)D3 expressed higher concentration of VDR, phospho mTOR, and phosphor S6K. Mechanistic and functional in vitro studies showed that 25(OH)D3 induce avian muscle proliferation via mTOR-S6K pathways. 4. Protein degradation and fat metabolism profile in breast muscle with white striping (S. Dridi). We found that fractional breakdown rate was significantly higher in broiler breast muscle with severe white striping compared to normal counterparts. We also found that the expression of lipogenic genes (FAS, ACC) was down regulated in breast with white striping compared to normal ones. 5. Improvement of Broiler Muscle Health through Selection for Hyperplastic Growth (N. Anthony) We have developed research lines for 4-day breast yield in broiler chickens. We also developed research lines through selection for pale, soft, and exudative like (PSE-like) meat in broilers.  Florida station: Determining the role of Bos indicus genetics on muscle growth and metabolism. Longissimus muscle samples were collected from 36 steers representing a continuum of Angus and Brahman genetics (0% Anugs/100% Brahman to 100% Angus/0% Brahman). Fiber cross-sectional area and enzyme analyses revealed that steers with high percentage of Brahman had larger 2x fibers and greater citrate synthase activity (mitochondrial marker).  Hawaii station:  Myostatin (MSTN) inhibitory region of fish (Paralichthys olivaceus) myostatin-1 propeptide. A MBP-fused flatfish MSTN1pro region consisting of residues 45-100 had the same MSTN-inhibitory potency as the full sequence flatfish MSTN1pro (residues 23-265), indicating that the region of flatfish MSTN1pro consisting of residues 45-100 is sufficient to maintain the full MSTN-inhibitory capacity. Results also indicate that residues 45-65 of flatfish MSTN1pro is essential for MSTN inhibition. In conclusion, current study show that like the mammalian MSTNpro, the MSTN-inhibitory region of flatfish MSTN1pro resides near its N-terminus, and imply that smaller sizes of MSTNpro can be effectively used in various applications designed for MSTN inhibition.  Idaho station: 1. Implemented a research trial on 48 beef cattle (REVLOR-XS implants), examining the effects of rumen protected histidine supplementation at 2 doses for final 50d pre-harvest on growth, FCR, carcass yield and quality. Performed T-Bar, color and color stability assessment on longissimus thoracis and gluteus medius Completing taste panel, HPLC metabolite analyses and statistical analyses on trial. This will help discern whether dietary histidine availability is limiting growth of finishing steers on an aggressive implant strategy and standard finishing rations in the NW United States. One MS student currently assigned and trained on project with expected completion date of June 2017.  2.  Completing an additional aquaculture feeding trial in sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) examining the influence of rearing temperature and dietary composition on growth traits and temporal expression of myogenic and metabolic genes in both white and red skeletal muscle. This comprises the final research trial for an MS student with projected completion of December 2017.   Illinois station:  Interaction of IGF2 and Myostatin in the Regulation of Muscle Growth and Development. Cloned sows, heterozygous for an engineered mutation in myostatin, were bred to commercial boars to produce an F1 generation with differential IGF2 and myostatin alleles. This F1 generation was interbred to produce pigs with zero, one, or two mutated myostatin alleles and either a paternal A or a paternal G IGF2 allele. However, matings between F1 individuals (F1 x F1) or matings between F0 and F1 individuals (F0 x F1) resulted in approximately 36% and 25% piglet viability, respectively, and 100% of myostatin homozygous mutant (MKO) pigs were non-viable.  Viability of piglets lacking mutant myostatin alleles (wild type) was related to the percentage of the genome derived from clones. We hypothesize that this relationship between F0 genome proportion and viability can be explained by genome-wide epigenetic variation that is stably inherited from the F0 ancestor, a potential example of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. When analyzed at birth, muscle weight, as a percentage of body weight, was increased in MKO pigs compared with wild type.  Indiana station: 1. Discovered a role of miR-133a in muscle mitochondria biogenesis and exercise capacity (Nie et al, 2016, FASEB J). 2. Reported the role of Pten in muscle hypertrophy and satellite cell homeostasis (Yue et al, 2016, Cell Reports).  Iowa station:  Effect of quercetin treatment on dystrophic skeletal muscle and heart. We completed our biochemical and histological evaluation of dystrophic diaphragms and soleus muscles treated with quercetin. We found that following 12 months of treatment quercetin-driven pathways were insensitive to continued quercetin treatment. In the heart our biochemical and histological data support continued efficacy of quercetin treatment for the duration of the study period. In addition, careful review of functional data support quercetin as a therapeutic intervention.  Future efforts are geared toward identifying differences in heart and skeletal muscle that will allow efficacy in one tissue but not another so that our strategy can be refined to maximize therapeutic effects. We have also begun to explore the role of autophagy in dystrophic muscle. Our preliminary data point toward increased autophagic signaling but suppressed degradation of autophagosomes.  Mississippi station:  The effects of different dietary lysine levels on the plasma concentrations of amino acids, some metabolites and hormones, and on the skeletal muscle gene expression profile were studied with Large White and Landrace cross-bred finishing pigs.  Increasing dietary lysine concentration (from 0.43% to 0.98%) linearly increased the carcass dressing percentage, the ham weights, and the total lean cut weight of the late stage finishing pigs (Wang et al., 2015c). (2) Dietary lysine can affect the plasma concentrations of 13 amino acids in late-stage finishing pigs with threonine, histidine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, valine, arginine and citrulline being decreased with the lysine-adequate diet but not further decreased with the lysine-excess diet when compared to the lysine-deficient diet. Among these amino acids, arginine was decreased in the greatest proportion. It was suggested that the skeletal-muscle growth of late-stage finishing pigs may be further increased with a lysine-excess diet if the plasma concentrations of theses 7 amino acids, primarily arginine, can be increased through dietary supplementation (Regmi et al., 2015, 2016).   New Jersey station: 1. Effects of dietary methionine restriction on muscle protein synthesis. Completed sample collection from study investigating the effects of dietary sulfur amino acid restriction on muscle protein synthesis in mice. Completed measurement of protein synthesis in subcellular (sarcoplasmic, myofibrillar, mitochondrial) fractions of skeletal muscle. Manuscript including these data is currently under preparation. These data were included in the preliminary data set of a recently funded NIH grant proposal (DK109714, listed under Grants).  2. Effects of exercise training on signaling pathways regulating proteostasis and skeletal muscle metabolism in Standardbred horses.  Completed sample collection from study investigating the regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response by exercise in the skeletal muscle of Standardbred horses. Completed sample collection from study investigating the impact of exercise training on postexercise changes in the skeletal muscle metabolome in Standardbred horses. Received metabolite summary from Metabolon. To my knowledge, this is the first global view of skeletal muscle metabolism in the Standardbred horse. Further analyses and additional method/technique development to evaluate gene expression is ongoing.  Washington station: We have been focused on the impacts of maternal nutrition on the early development of brown adipocytes, and on which shares a common pool of progenitor cells with myogenic cells. We also explored the role of AMPK in myogenesis and muscle regeneration. We found that AMPK activity is required for both brown adipogenesis and myogenesis. Drugs such as metformin activate AMPK, which promotes brown adipocyte development during fetal and neonatal development. In addition, AMPK activation facilitates muscle regeneration following injury. Objective 2: Characterize the cellular and molecular basis of myogenesis Arkansas station: 1. Muscle mitochondrial biosynthesis in over-nutrition environment for cell culture (Y. Huang) Preliminary studies were conducted using a murine in vitro myoblasts model (C2C12) to detect the change of mitochondria biosynthesis and function caused by n-3 fatty acid (EPA and DHA) treatment. EPA and DHA were added into culture media to mimic the maternal over-nutrition during gestation.  Data show fatty acids treatment limits the formation of myotubes, as well as the marker genes expression of myogenesis. Genes expression related to adipogenesis are upregulated by fatty acids treatment. Mitochondrial biosynthesis is inhibited by fatty acids, and it is confirmed by analyzing mitochondrial respiration, which shows fatty acids treatment decreases the oxygen consumption rate. Peroxisomes biosynthesis genes were upregulated by fatty acids. 2. Effects of maternal over-nutrition on fetal mitochondrial biosynthesis characteristics in mouse model (Y. Huang) With the preliminary data of C2C12 cell culture study, we hypothesize that mitochondria play an important role in fetal skeletal growth programmed by maternal nutrition. High energy diet with 140% energy is given to female mice to induce maternal over-nutrition. Fetal and offspring skeletal samples will be harvested in different life stages and target genes and proteins related with muscle growth and development, mitochondria and peroxisomes biosynthesis, and mitochondrial activity will be analyzed. 3. Gene edition technology in transgenic beef production (Y. Huang)  Galactose-α-1,3-galactose (Alpha-Gal) is a mammalian carbohydrate compound that present in vertebrate animals except humans or Old World monkeys. Alpha-Gal is synthesized by a glycosylation enzyme α-1,3-Galactosyltransferase (GGTA1). Genetically knocking out GGTA1 in pig provides protection of xenotransplantation from hyperacute rejection. We have designed target gRNAs for bovine GGTA1 gene. Next step is using CRISPR-Cas9 to edit GGTA1 gene in bovine primary cell culture. Future studies include making GGTA1 KO embryo and embryo transplantation. 4. Nutrient modulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) to improve muscle function and growth (J. Baum). Leucine is a key nutrient for stimulation of translation initiation in muscle that has undergone metabolic stress. Leucine regulates mitochondria biogenesis via the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).   Connecticut station:  Effects of poor maternal nutrition during gestation on fetal muscle development. Completed sample collection on study investigating the effects of poor maternal nutrition during gestation on muscle development in sheep. Pregnant ewes were fed 100% (CON), 60% (RES), or 140% (OVER) of NRC requirements for pregnant ewes from d 30 of gestation until necropsy at d 45, d90, d135 or parturition.  Offspring were necropsied and the semitendinosus, longissimus dorsi, and triceps brachii were collected.  Completed immunohistochemistry of fetal muscle samples at d45, d90, d135, and birth, determined muscle fiber CSA and the number of primary and secondary fibers at d90.  Completed PCR arrays identifying changes in circulating inflammatory factors that are affected by poor maternal nutrition in the ewe and offspring.    Idaho station:  Designed and implemented an in vitro trial relating to the effects of anthocyanidins on myogenic differentiation and antioxidant defense using differentiated and undifferentiated primary myoblasts isolated from Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout). This was the final component of a PhD student that completed his program in December 2015.  Indiana station: 1. Determined the molecular mechanisms undying the role of hypoxia in myogenesis (Wang et al, 2015 JBC). 2. Identified brain expressed x-linked gene 1 (Bex1) as a new regulator of myoblast fusion (Jiang et al, 2016, Dev Biol).  3. Investigated the role of liver kinase B1 (Lkb1) in regulating Pax7 in myoblasts (Shan et al, 2016, In J Biochem Cell Biol). 4. Elucidated stage-specific functions of Notch signaling in myogenesis (Bi et al, 2016, Elife). Kansas station: 1. Fetal myoblasts and neonatal satellite cells exhibit divergent cellular kinetics when treated with a porcine plasma product in vitro. a. Myoblasts harvested from 60-d of gestation fetuses treated with a plasma product in vitro exhibited: increased proliferation and stem cell commitment, and no effect on myotube enlargement of PI3K signaling. b. Satellite cells from neonatal piglets treated with a plasma product in vitro exhibited: decreased proliferation rate and increased differentiation, larger myotubes, and increased phosphorylation of AKT, 4EBP, and SK6.   Mississippi station: 1. Effects of melatonin supplementation during gestation on fetal and neonatal muscle development in bovine offspring. a. Completed sample collection on study investigating the effects of melatonin supplementation on fetal bovine muscle Development. Pregnant heifers and cows were supplemented with (n = 29) or without (n = 28) melatonin delivered via a melatonin implant at 180, 210, and 240 days of gestation. At 240 days of gestation a subset of heifers were subjected to cesarean section to collect the developing fetus. These offspring were necropsied and the semitendinosus and longissimus dorsi muscles were collected for subsequent analysis. b. Immunohistochemistry of fetal muscle samples to determine muscle fiber CSA and fiber type distribution is underway. c. Quantitative PCR for expression of mRNA and miRNA involved in muscle growth and development are underway.   Ohio station:  1. Effect of Thermal Stress and Growth Selection on Satellite Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in Turkeys. a. Poultry selected for growth have an inefficient thermoregulatory system and are more sensitive to temperature extremes. b. Satellite cells are precursors to skeletal muscle and mediate all posthatch muscle growth. Their physiological functions are affected by temperature.  c. The objective of the current study was to determine how temperature affects satellite cells isolated from the pectoralis major (p. major) muscle (breast muscle) of turkeys selected for increased 16 wk body weight (F line) in comparison to a Randombred Control line (RBC2) from which the F line originated.  d. Pectoralis major muscle satellite cells were thermally challenged by culturing between 33°C and 43°C to analyze the effects of cold and heat on proliferation and differentiation as compared to control temperature of 38 °C.  e. Expression levels of myogenic regulatory factors: myogenic differentiation factor 1 (MYOD1) and myogenin (MYOG) were quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). At all sampling times, proliferation increased at a linear rate across temperature in both the RBC2 and F lines. f.  Differentiation also increased at a linear rate across temperature from 33 to 41 °C at all sampling times in both the F and RBC2 lines. g. Satellite cells isolated from F line turkeys were more sensitive to both hot and cold temperatures as proliferation and differentiation increased to a greater extent across temperature (33 to 43 °C) when compared with the RBC2 line.  h. Expression of MYOD1 and MYOG increased as temperatures increased from 33 to 41 °C at all sampling times in both the F and RBC2 lines.  i.  These results demonstrate that satellite cell function is sensitive to both cold and hot temperatures and p. major muscle satellite cells from F line turkeys are more sensitive to temperature extremes than RBC2 satellite cells. Wyoming station:  1. Effects of maternal obesity (MO) during gestation on fetal muscle function and development. a.Completed animal experiments. Ewes were fed 150% National Research Council (NRC) from 60 days before conception and through pregnancy and control ewes fed 100% NRC recommendations. Offspring necropsy occurred at gestation day 135 (d135), heart muscle (left ventricle, right ventricle, left atria, right atria and septum) and skeletal muscle (semitendinosus, longissimus dorsi, soleus, extensor digitorum longus, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius) were collected. These tissues are liquid nitrogen snap-frozen and stored at -80 degree and paraffin embedded for future uses. b. Completed myofilament protein analysis in heart muscle, Titin isoform ratios of different heart champers have been analyzed between control and obese ewes and between control and MO offspring at gestation day 135. c. Completed contractility analysis with cardiomyocytes at d135, during the necropsy, we took fresh heart to isolate cardiomyocytes to determine whether maternal obesity affects affspring heart contractile function. Objective 3: Characterize mechanisms of protein assembly and degradation in skeletal muscle.  Utah station:  1. Determination of mechanism through which decreased plane of nutrition in second trimester alters end-product quality of offspring in beef cattle.  a. Samples were collected from offspring of mother cows that either maintained BCS during the second trimester (MAIN) or from cows that dropped one BCS during the second trimester of pregnancy. Samples were collected from the longissimus dorsi at weaning, prior to beginning the feedlot phase and immediately following harvest. b. Completed miRNA analysis of samples from the beginning of the feedlot phase and immediately following harvest. Ten different miRNA were analyzed using qRT-PCR methods.  2. Gained insight into the molecular mechanism responsible for development of beef tenderness during aging. a. Samples were collected from the longissimus dorsi of steaks that had been aged for 14 days. Samples were then analyzed for tenderness with WBSF methods. b. Protein expression of HSPβ1 and HSP70 were analyzed in the most tender (n=24) samples and compared to the least tender samples (n=24).    Wyoming station:  Role of RBM20 in the regulation of muscle gene splicing in muscle structure, function and metabolism. a. Completed insulin regulation in myofilament protein titin isoform transition. This work has been done in both rat model and in vitro cultured cell model. The manuscript is in preparation. b. Completed next generation sequencing analysis on two skeletal muscle type longissimus dorsi and tibialis anterior between wild type and RBM20 knockout rats. This work is to determine whether RBM20 deficiency causes gene differential expression and splice form variation between these two muscle types and between wild type and Rbm20 knockout.

Publications

Impact Statements

John Lee Pratt Animal Nutrition Program. El-Kadi SW, Rhoads RP. 07/2015 – 06/2017. Glucose metabolism in intrauterine growth restricted pigs. $102,220.

Date of Annual Report: 12/12/2017

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 10/20/2017 - 10/21/2017
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2016 - 09/30/2017

Participants

Tracy Scheffler; Florida (Univ. of Florida; Host)
Kara Thornton; Utah (Utah State; Secretary)
Tracy Anthony; New Jersey (Rutgers)
Min Du; Washington (Washington State)
Yong Soo Kim; Hawaii (Univ. of Hawaii)
Rexiati Maimaiti; Wyoming (Univ. of Wyoming)
Sarah Reed; Connecticut (Univ. of Connecticut)
Joshua Selsby; Iowa (Iowa State)
Jessica Starkey; Alabama (Auburn)
Gale Strasburg; Michigan (Michigan State)

Brief Summary of Minutes

Summary of Minutes – Annual Meeting:

The annual NC1184 technical committee meeting was held on October 20 and 21, 2017, at the Straughn Professional Development Center located in Gainesville, Florida, on the University of Florida campus; it was hosted by Dr. Tracy Scheffler of the Department of Animal Science, Florida State University. On October 20^th, Dr. Geoff Dahl, Department Head of Animal Science, welcomed the group and shared information about the department and the university. The group then began with oral station reports. A lunch break (kindly funded by Dr. Dahl) was provided. After lunch, the group continued with more station reports. In the evening, the group met for dinner, which was hosted by Dr. Tracy Scheffler at the University of Florida Beef Teaching Unit. The following morning the group started with a conference call with Dr. Mark Mirando (USDA-NIFA), who outlined the current funding programs, budgets, and statistics on the number of proposals submitted annually and funding rates. Following a question and answer session with Dr. Mirando, the remaining oral station reports were given. Following the station reports, the group discussed where the meeting would be held next year and it was decided that Dr. Tracy Scheffler would send an email out to the whole group as there were relatively few attendees at this year’s meeting. After that email was sent, it was decided that Dr. Derris Burnett, of the Mississippi station, would host in 2019.

Minutes Attachment:

NC1184 report 20171212.pdf

Accomplishments

Accomplishments: Objective 1: Characterize the signal transduction pathway that regulates skeletal muscle growth and metabolism including the influence of endogenous growth factors and various production practices. Alabama Station: <ol> <li>Characterization of myogenic stem cell heterogeneity and fiber morphometrics in two divergently selected broiler chicken lines.</li> <li>Completed the live animal, sample collection, and data collection portions of the project.</li> <li>Presented an abstract at the 2017 Poultry Science Association annual meeting.</li> <li>Impact of in ovo thermal manipulation on broiler chicken muscle development, growth, and satellite cell activity.</li> <li>Completed the live animal growth performance and carcass yield data collection and sample collection portions of the project.</li> <li>The cryohistology and immunofluorescence analysis portions of the project are ongoing.</li> <li>Effects of dietary amino acid density on growth performance, satellite cell activity, collagen gene expression, and the incidence of wooden breast.</li> <li>Completed the live animal growth performance and carcass yield data collection, sample collection, and data analysis portions of the project.</li> <li>Presented an abstract at the 2017 Poultry Science Association annual meeting.</li> <li>Submitted manuscript to a peer-reviewed journal, Poultry Science</li> </ol> Connecticut Station: <ol> <li>Effects of poor maternal nutrition during gestation on fetal muscle development <ol> <li>Completed immunohistochemistry of fetal muscle samples at d45, d90, d135, and birth, determined muscle fiber CSA of primary and secondary fibers at d90, determined number of Pax7(+) progenitor cells at all four time points.</li> <li>Completed metabolome analysis of longissimus dorsi muscle from offspring of over-, restricted-, and control-fed ewes at day 45, 90, 135 of gestation and within 24 h of birth.</li> <li>Identified changes in lipid peroxidation as a result of maternal diet in serum and muscle in offspring within 24 h of birth.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>  Hawaii Station: <ol> <li>Myostatin inhibitory region of pig myostatin propeptide</li> </ol> <ol> <li>Background: Myostatin (MSTN) is a potent negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth, and its activity is suppressed by MSTN propeptide (MSTNpro), the N-terminal part of MSTN precursor cleaved during post-translational processing. We have previously shown that bioactive pig MSTNpro could be produced in an coli system. The current study examined which region of pig MSTNpro is critical for MSTN inhibition.</li> <li>Method: Four truncated forms of pig MSTNpro containing N-terminal maltose binding protein (MBP) as a fusion partner were expressed in coli, and purified by affinity chromatography. The MSTN-inhibitory capacities of these proteins were examined by the pGL3-(CAGA)12 luciferase reporter assay.</li> <li>Results: A MBP-fused, truncated MSTNpro containing residues 42-175 (MBP-Pro42-175) exhibited the same MSTN-inhibitory potency as the full sequence MSTNpro. Truncated MSTNpro proteins containing either residues 42-115 (MBP-Pro42-115) or 42-98 (MBP-Pro42-98) also exhibited MSTN-inhibitory capacity with lower potencies than that of full sequence MSTNpro. Removal of MBP from MBP-Pro42-175 and MBP-Pro42-98 resulted in 20-fold decrease in MSTN-inhibitory capacity of Pro42-175 and abolition of MSTN-inhibitory capacity of Pro42-98, indicating that MBP as fusion partner enhanced the MSTN-inhibitory capacity of those truncated MSTNpro proteins. Interestingly, IC50 value of MBP-Pro42-175 for MSTN inhibition was almost 4-fold lower than that for GDF-11 inhibition, while IC50 value of full sequence MSTNpro for MSTN inhibition was not different from that for GDF-11 inhibition, indicating that MBP-Pro42-175 specifically inhibits MSTN with less cross-reactivity to GDF-11.</li> </ol>  Idaho Station <ol> <li>Completing an aquaculture feeding trial in sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) examining the influence of rearing temperature and dietary composition on growth traits and temporal expression of myogenic and metabolic genes in both white and red skeletal muscle. This comprises the final research trial for an MS student with projected completion of December 2017.</li> </ol>  Illinois Station: <ol> <li>Interaction of IGF2 and Myostatin in the Regulation of Muscle Growth and Development <ol> <li>Pigs, heterozygous for a novel inactivating mutation of myostatin, were raised to market weight and characterized. These pigs had either the favorable IGF2 paternal A allele or the unfavorable paternal G allele (IGF G3072A). Live weights were similar between all genotypes (average 124kg) but weights of individual muscles were increased 10-30% in myostatin heterozygous pigs compared with wild type pigs. The effects of the favorable IGF2 allele and the myostatin mutation were completely additive.</li> <li>Mice were genetically edited using tail-effector-like endonuclease technology (TALEN) to mimic the naturally occurring IGF2 G3072A mutation. This resulted in three distinct lines of mice possessing the desire G>A point mutation only, the desired G>A point mutation with an additional A>G mutation at the target site, and C-insertion mutation. All mutations prevented the binding of a transcriptional repressor ZBED6. Preliminary data from characterization of these mice indicate that body weight and muscle weights are increased in all three mutated lines compared with wild type mice. However, in contrast to the similar mutation in pigs, this increase in body weight does not appear to be restricted to muscle. Organ weight and adipose tissue weight were also increased in these mutated mice.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>  Indiana Station: <ol> <li>Pten is a phosphatase that antagonize growth factor (IGF1) signaling. We reported deletion of Pten in embryonic myoblasts leads to postnatal muscle hypertrophy but disrupts satellite cell homeostasis (Yue et al, 2016, Cell Reports).</li> </ol>  Iowa Station: <ol> <li>We completed tissue collection for our next experiment related to modification of the PGC-1α pathway via nutraceuticals. We have expanded our interventions to include quercetin, nicotinamide riboside, Lisinopril, and Prednisone and combinations thereof.  Preliminary analyses are underway and a histological and biochemical examination will begin soon. </li> </ol> <ol start="2"> <li>We confirmed dysfunctional autophagy in dystrophic skeletal muscle. Importantly, we are the first group to document release of autophagosomes, termed autophagosome escape, from dystrophic muscle.  Importantly, we also collected compelling evidence of this same phenomenon occurring in healthy muscle.  As they are found in the extracellular space they may participate in paracrine signaling and considering the mass of muscle and that they escape the muscle environment may participate in endocrine signaling. </li> <li>We have begun experiments to better understand why autophagy is dysfunctional in dystrophic muscle, which are now focused on regulation of transcription factor EB, the primary transcription factor driving lysosome biogenesis.</li> </ol>  Minnesota Station: <ol> <li>Protein synthesis was evaluated in equine satellite cell myotube cultures treated with a leucine titration ranging from 0- to 408-µM. Our results show a 1.8-fold increase (P < 0.02) in protein synthesis at levels slightly greater than those found in the general circulation, 204- and 408-µM when compared to a no leucine control (0-µM). Puromycin incorporation, a nonradioactive surface sensing of translation (SUnSET) methodology, demonstrated a 180% increase (P = 0.0056) in puromycin incorporation in leucine compared to control cultures. </li> <li>When equine satellite cell myotube cultures were treated with leucine (LEU; 408-µM) or a no-leucine control (CON) in the presence or absence of rapamycin (LR and CR, respectively), an inhibitor of mTOR, rapamycin, suppressed phosphorylation of mTOR (P < 0.01) and rS6 (P < 0.01) with an increase in phosphorylation of rS6 in leucine-treated cultures observed when compared to control cultures (P < 0.05). Similarly, there was a 27% increase (P < 0.005) in the hyperphosphorylated γ-form of 4E-BP1 compared to total 4E-BP1 in LEU compared to CON cultures with leucine-induced phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 completely blocked by rapamycin with a smaller decrease observed in CR compared to CON cultures.   </li> </ol> Mississippi Station: <ol> <li>The effects of dietary lysine level on the blood plasma concentrations of protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolites were investigated in late-stage finishing pigs. <ol> <li>The 3 dietary lysine levels were 0.43% (a deficient level; for Diet I), 0.71% (an adequate level; for Diet II), and 0.98% (an excess level, for Diet III).</li> <li>There were no differences (P > 0.10) between pigs fed Diets II and III in the plasma concentrations of urea nitrogen, albumin, and total cholesterol, the concentration of albumin was higher (P < 0.05) than that of pigs fed Diet I, and the concentrations of urea nitrogen and total cholesterol were lower (P < 0.05) than that of pigs fed Diet I.</li> <li>There were no differences in plasma insulin and GH concentrations (P > 0.05) between the three dietary treatments.</li> <li>Plasma IGF-1 concentration of the pigs fed either Diet I or Diet II was lower (P < 0.05) than that of the pigs fed Diet II.</li> <li>There were no differences (P > 0.10) among the three dietary treatments in the plasma concentrations of total protein, triglycerides, and glucose.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>  New Jersey Station: <ol> <li>Delineated the effects of acute strenuous exercise, as well as a 12-week exercise-training program, on plasma amino acids and the skeletal muscle metabolome in mature, Standardbred horses. These measurements revealed fitness to differentially alter lipid metabolism, branched-chain amino acid metabolism and nucleotide metabolism following acute exercise. Expression (mRNA levels) of the transcription factor ATF4 and other genes known to regulate metabolism are currently being measured in the same skeletal muscle samples. This work is under manuscript preparation and thesis preparation.</li> <li>Examined long term control of muscle protein synthesis in mice fed a sulfur amino acid restricted diet. Results show that dietary sulfur amino acid restriction reduces muscle protein synthesis. Genetic deletion of the amino acid sensor GCN2 in mice did not rescue this decline in skeletal muscle protein synthesis.</li> </ol>  Utah Station: <ol> <li>Determination of mechanism through which decreased plane of nutrition in second trimester alters end-product quality of offspring in beef cattle <ol> <li>Samples were collected from offspring of mother cows that either maintained BCS during the second trimester (MAIN) or from cows that dropped one BCS during the second trimester of pregnancy. Samples were collected from the longissimus dorsi at weaning, prior to beginning the feedlot phase and immediately following harvest.</li> <li>Completed miRNA analysis of samples from weaning, the beginning of the feedlot phase and immediately following harvest. Ten different miRNA were analyzed using qRT-PCR methods.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Gained insight into how different organic pastures impact dairy heifer development. <ol> <li>A total of 6 animals per treatment were used to study 8 different pastures.</li> <li>Animal growth, serum IGF-1 concentration, blood urea nitrogen concentration, and parasite load were measured.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>  Washington Station: <ol> <li>During the past years, we have been focused on the impacts of maternal nutrition on the early development of skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue.</li> <li>We also explored the role of AMPK in regulating brown adipose tissue development. <ol> <li>We found that AMPK regulates brown adipogenesis through providing a key metabolite, alpha-ketoglutarate, which is required for DNA demethylation in the Prdm16 promoter and brown adipogenesis.</li> </ol> </li> <li>In addition, we are also defining the role of vitamin A and its metabolite, retinoic acid, in mediating adipose tissue development in beef cattle.</li> </ol>   Wyoming Station: <ol> <li>RBM20 regulates splicing essential for myofiber structure and skeletal muscle physiology. <ol> <li>Completed animal experiments. 3 months and 6 months old WT and RBM20 KO male Sprague-Dawley rats are used to study the differences in myofiber structure and skeletal muscle physiology. Skeletal muscles (longissimus dorsi, soleus, extensor digitorum longus, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius) were collected. The tissues were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 celsius degree or embedded in OCT medium for cryosectioning.</li> <li>Completed the study of RBM20 expression in different types of skeletal mucle (longissimus dorsi, soleus, extensor digitorum longus, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius).</li> <li>Completed myofiber structural and physiological analysis in skeletal muscle. We studied the change in muscle mass and myofiber cross sectional area between WT and RBM20 KO rat skeletal muscles (soleus, extensor digitorum longus, tibialis anterior). In addition, we studied fibrosis development and sarcolemma integrity in these skeletal muscles.Completed myofilament protein analysis in skeletal muscles. We investigated myosin heavy chain type distribution in WT and RBM20 KO rat skeletal muscles (soleus, extensor digitorum longus, tibialis anterior).</li> </ol> </li> <li>Effects of maternal obesity (MO) during gestation on fetal muscle function and development <ol> <li>Completed the molecular mechanism study of the effect of MO on cardiac muscle contractility and calcium insensitivity in offspring of MO ewes. We found that MO reduced expression of myosin heavy chain in fetal myocardium. Moreover, the cardiac troponin T and troponin I expression level was upregulated in fetuses from obese mothers, whereas MO downregulated the expression of troponin C in fetal myocardium. Also, we found that MO increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA) as well as the phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), which further promoted phosphorylation level of ryanodine receptor type 2 (Ryr2). Increased CaMKII and PKA phosphorylated Ryr2 plays a critical role in the development of MO-induced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak in fetal cardiomyocytes.</li> <li>Elevated cortisol level in offspring of obese ewes induces autophagic gene up-regulation in heart muscle. We found that the autophagic cargo protein SQSTM1, also known as ubiquitin-binding protein p62, is upregulated in fetal heart from obese ewes, and RNA binding motif 39 (RBM39), a transcriptional factor is activated by cortisol stimulation. our studies reveal autophagy pathways have been activated via RBM39 transcriptional regulation in fetal myocardium of obese ewes, as well as the autophagy cargo protein SQSTM1.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>   Objective 2: Characterize the cellular and molecular basis of myogenesis  Alabama Station: <ol> <li>Characterization of myogenic stem cell heterogeneity and fiber morphometrics in two divergently selected broiler chicken lines.</li> <li>Completed the live animal, sample collection, and data collection portions of the project. <ol> <li>Presented an abstract at the 2017 Poultry Science Association annual meeting.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Impact of in ovo thermal manipulation on broiler chicken muscle development, growth, and satellite cell activity. <ol> <li>Completed the live animal growth performance and carcass yield data collection and sample collection portions of the project.</li> <li>The cryohistology and immunofluorescence analysis portions of the project are ongoing.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Effects of dietary amino acid density on growth performance, satellite cell activity, collagen gene expression, and the incidence of wooden breast. <ol> <li>Completed the live animal growth performance and carcass yield data collection, sample collection, and data analysis portions of the project.</li> <li>Presented an abstract at the 2017 Poultry Science Association annual meeting.</li> <li>Submitted manuscript to a peer-reviewed journal, Poultry Science</li> </ol> </li> </ol>  Arkansas Station: <ol> <li>Myogenesis and adipogenesis in muscle is affected by n-3 fatty acids supplement for cell culture <ol> <li>Preliminary studies were conducted using a murine in vitro myoblasts model (C2C12) to detect the change of mitochondria biosynthesis, function, and pathways of adipogenesis caused by n-3 fatty acid (EPA and DHA) treatment.</li> <li>EPA and DHA were added into culture media to mimic the maternal over-nutrition during gestation.</li> <li>In the myogenesis, data show fatty acids treatment limits the formation of myotubes, as well as the marker genes expression of myogenesis. Genes expression related to adipogenesis are upregulated by fatty acids treatment. Mitochondrial biosynthesis is inhibited by fatty acids, and it is confirmed by analyzing mitochondrial respiration, which shows fatty acids treatment decreases the oxygen consumption rate. Peroxisomes biosynthesis genes were upregulated by fatty acids.</li> <li>In white adipogenesis, key genes related to mitochondrial synthesis and metabolism (especially those related to complexes enzymatic activities) were significantly down-regulated by n-3 fatty acids treatment. While during brown adipogenesis, n-3 fatty acids treatment improves ATP synthase, mitochondrial biogenesis, and brown adipogenesis up-stream regulators gene expression.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Gene edition technology in transgenic beef production <ol> <li>Galactose-α-1,3-galactose (Alpha-Gal) is a mammalian carbohydrate compound that presents in vibrate animals except humans or Old World monkeys. Alpha-Gal is synthesized by a glycosylation enzyme α-1,3-Galactosyltransferase (GGTA1).</li> <li>Genetically knocking out GGTA1 in pig protects xenotransplantation from hyperacute rejection</li> <li>We have designed target gRNAs for the bovine GGTA1 gene. Next step is using CRISPR-Cas9 to edit GGTA1 gene in bovine primary cell culture.</li> <li>We used the gRNA design tool and selected 5'-GGCCTGACGGTTTTCGCCGT-3' as the target gRNA sequence from the coding DNA sequence of Bos taurus alpha-galactosyltransferase 1 (glycoprotein). The gRNA was constructed in the pSpCas9 BB-2A-GFP (PX458) vector provided by GenScript USA Inc. Vectors were amplified and transfected into BAOSMC by GenePORTER2 transfection reagent when the cells were 80% confluency. Green fluorescent can be viewed after 24 hours transfection. The transfection efficiency can reach about 70% to 80%.</li> <li>Cells were collected in PBS at pH7.4 after 24 hours transfection. Total protein was extracted then the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to examine the GGTA1 production. By normalized with the total protein concentration, the GGTA1 protein level in the transfected cells was 17.9 ± 7.25% lower (P< 0.05) than in the control cells, showing a significant inhibition of GGTA1 gene expression in the cells by CRISPR-Cas9 gene edition method.</li> <li>Our preliminary data shows that the gRNA sequence that we chose was suitable for the GGTA1 gene knockout in bovine aortic smooth muscle cells. Moreover, the CRISPR-Cas9 system was proved can be applied in the genome editing of bovine cells.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>  Illinois Station: <ol> <li>Influence of maternal infection or oxidative stress on muscle development and epigenetic programming of pigs <ol> <li>During mid-gestation, pregnant sows were inoculated with porcine respiratory and reproductive virus (PRRS) and piglets from these sows were compared with those born of non-infected dams. Muscle cell number in the semitendinosus muscle was reduced 30% in piglets from infected dams. Methylation of analysis of longissimus dorsi muscle of newborn piglets from infected sows revealed differential methylation patterns resulting from maternal infection. Hypermethylation was present in several disease response pathways, in the thyroid hormone and oxidative phosphorylation pathways and in genes involved in fast muscle fiber phenotypes. Coupled with an increase in oxidative myosin heavy chain fiber type gene expression in these animals, these data suggest that maternal infection may limit muscle development and shift muscle fiber types to a more slow, oxidative phenotype.</li> <li>Beginning at 30 d of pregnancy and continuing until parturition, oxidative stress was induced in sows by feeding soybean oil that had been cooked at 90C for 72 hours. Piglet viability, growth, and muscle development were analyzed and compared with piglets from sows fed fresh oil. Piglets born from sows fed heated oil had reduced heart, lung, and liver weights, and reduced small intestine length compared with piglets born from mothers fed fresh oil. Muscle weight, however, was not affected by oxidative stress. Immunophenotyping revealed sows fed oxidized oil had an approximate 11% reduction in total T-cell population, with an increase in CD4+CD8+ double positive T-cells, compared with sows fed fresh oil.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>  Indiana Station: <ol> <li>We demonstrated that the transcriptional factor Ascl2 is transiently expressed in a subpopulation of embryonic myoblasts to promote the generation of satellite cells during development. Ascl2 achieves this role through inhibiting the transcriptional activity of myogenic regulatory factors (Wang et al, 2017a, Development).</li> <li>We used CRISPR/CAS9-mediated gene targeting to demonstrate that loss of MyoD promotes fate transdifferentiation of myoblasts into brown adipocytes (Wang et al 2017b, ebiomedicine).</li> <li>We discovered that deletion of PTEN in satellite cells leads to their rapid depletion due to premature differentiation. Furthermore, we found that PTEN interacts with Notch signaling to maintain satellite cell quiescence (Yue et al, 2017 Nature Communications).</li> <li>Using conditional knockout mouse models, we demonstrate that the hypoxia inducible factors HIF1α and HIF2α are dispensable for embryonic muscle development, but essential for postnatal muscle regeneration (Yang et al, 2017, JBC).</li> </ol>  Michigan Station: <ol> <li>We studied the effects of thermal challenge on growth of turkey satellite cells</li> </ol>  Mississippi Station: <ol> <li>The effects of dietary lysine level on the skeletal muscle gene expression were investigated in late-stage finishing pigs using transcriptomic microarray analysis. <ol> <li>The 3 dietary lysine levels were 0.43% (a deficient level; for Diet I), 0.71% (an adequate level; for Diet II), and 0.98% (an excess level, for Diet III).</li> <li>The results revealed that 674 transcripts were differentially expressed (at P £05 level). At the P £ 0.01 level, 60 out of 131 transcripts were annotated in the NetAffx database.</li> <li>Ingenuity pathway analysis showed that dietary lysine deficiency may lead to: (1) increased muscle protein degradation via the ubiquitination pathway as indicated by the up-regulated DNAJA1, HSP90AB1 and UBE2B mRNA; (2) reduced muscle protein synthesis via the up-regulated RND3 and ZIC1 mRNA; (3) increased serine and glycine synthesis via the up-regulated PHGDH and PSPH mRNA; and (4) increased lipid accumulation via the up-regulated ME1, SCD, and CIDEC mRNA.</li> <li>Dietary lysine excess may lead to: (1) decreased muscle protein degradation via the down-regulated DNAJA1, HSP90AA1, HSPH1, and UBE2D3 mRNA; and (2) reduced lipid biosynthesis via the down-regulated CFD and ME1 mRNA.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Completed sample collection on study investigating the effects of melatonin supplementation on fetal porcine muscle development. Pregnant sows were supplemented with (n = 6) or without (n = 6) melatonin 920mg/hd/d) from 30-90 days of gestation at which point they were harvested to collect the developing fetuses for morphological and histological analyses. These offspring were necropsied and the semitendinosus and longissimus dorsi muscles were collected for subsequent analysis. <ol> <li>Immunohistochemistry of fetal muscle samples to determine muscle fiber CSA and fiber type distribution is underway.</li> <li>Quantitative PCR for expression of mRNA and miRNA involved in muscle growth and development are underway.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>  North Carolina Station: <ol> <li>Increased myostatin expression, resulting in muscle loss, has been associated with hyperammonemia in mammalian models of cirrhosis. <ol> <li>However, there is evidence that hyperammonemia in avian embryos results in a reduction of myostatin expression, suggesting a proliferative myogenic environment.</li> <li>Increased myostatin expression, resulting in muscle loss, has been associated with hyperammonemia in mammalian models of cirrhosis. However, there is evidence that hyperammonemia in avian embryos results in a reduction of myostatin expression, suggesting a proliferative myogenic environment.</li> <li>The present in vitro study examines species differences in myotube and liver cell response to ammonia using avian and murine-derived cells.</li> <li>Relative expression of myostatin mRNA, determined by quantitative real-time PCR, was significantly increased in AA (10 mM) treated C2C12 myotubes compared to both ages of chick embryonic myotube cultures after 48 h (P < 0.02). Western blot analysis of myostatin protein confirmed an increase in myostatin expression in AA-treated C2C12 myotubes compared to the sodium acetate (SA) controls, while myostatin expression was decreased in the chick embryonic myotube cultures when treated with AA.</li> <li>Myotube diameter was significantly decreased in AA-treated C2C12 myotubes compared to controls, while avian myotube diameter increased with AA treatment (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between avian and murine liver cell viability, assessed using 2', 7'- bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6-)-carboxyfluorescein, acetoxymethyl ester, when treated with AA. However, after 24 h, AA-treated avian myotubes showed a significant increase in cell viability compared to the C2C12 myotubes (P < 0.05).</li> </ol> </li> </ol>  Ohio Station: <ol> <li>Effect of Thermal Stress on In Vivo Breast Muscle Growth and Development in Broilers: Association of Wooden Breast with collagen crosslinking <ol> <li>Poultry selected for growth have an inefficient thermoregulatory system and are more sensitive to temperature extremes.</li> <li>Satellite cells are precursors to skeletal muscle and mediate all posthatch muscle growth. Their physiological functions are affected by temperature.</li> <li>The objective of the current study was to elucidate the effects of continuous heat exposure the first 2 wk of age on breast muscle development in broilers</li> <li>Results showed a high level of sensitivity in the satellite cells during the early posthatch period to chronic heat, leading to impaired myogenicity and increased fat.</li> <li>Results on Wooden Breast studies have shown the possibility of multiple fibrotic myopathies based on collagen crosslinking. The repair and regeneration of muscle fibers mediated by satellite cells appears to be suppressed</li> </ol> </li> </ol>  Wyoming Station: <ol> <li>RBM20 mediates skeletal muscle regeneration after injury. <ol> <li>Completed animal experiments. 9 weeks old WT and RBM20 KO male Sprague-Dawley rats are used to study skeletal muscle regeneration. Tibialis anterior muscle was injured with the injection of 0.5ml of 1.2% of barium chloride and injured muscles are harvested at 18 h, 3 days, 5days, 7 days, 14 days, 1 month and 2 months post-injury. The other hindlimb tibialis anterior muscle was injected with PBS as control. After harvesting the tissues are liquid nitrogen snap-frozen and stored at -80 celsius degree or embedded in OCT medium for cryosectioning.</li> <li>Completed RBM20 expression during skeletal muscle regeneration.</li> <li>Completed myofiber cross sectional area analysis during skeletal muscle regeneration.</li> <li>Completed analysis of fibrosis level after recovery.</li> <li>Completed analysis of expression of myogenic transcription factors during skeletal muscle regeneration.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>   Objective 3: Characterize mechanism of protein assembly and degradation in skeletal muscle Utah Station: <ol> <li>Gained insight into the molecular mechanism responsible for development of beef tenderness during aging. <ol> <li>Samples were collected from the longissimus dorsi of steaks immediately post-mortem and also hafter 14 days of aging in 100 samples.Samples were then analyzed for tenderness with WBSF methods.</li> <li>Protein expression of HSPβ1, HSP70, and PARK7 is currently being analyzed for all 100 samples at two different sample collection time points.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Increased our understanding of how beta-agonist and implant administrations alters tenderness. <ol> <li>Steaks were collected from the LL of feedlot heifers that received one of three different treatments (n = 11 per treatment) during the feedlot phase: no anabolic implant or beta-agonist (CON), anabolic implant but no beta-agonist (IMP), or an anabolic implant and a beta-agonist (COMBO)</li> <li>Steaks were aged for 3, 7, 14, 21 or 35 d and samples were analyzed for protein expression of HSPβ1 and HSP70.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>

Publications

Publications (peer reviewed journals): <ol> <li>Hoffman, M. L., S. A. Reed, S. M. Pillai, A. K. Jones, K. K. McFadden, S. A. Zinn, and K. E. Govoni. The effects of poor maternal nutrition during gestation on offspring postnatal growth and metabolism. J Anim Sci. 94:3093-3099. doi:10.2527/jas.2016-1229</li> <li>Pillai, S. M., A. K. Jones, M. L. Hoffman, K. K. McFadden, S. A. Reed, S. A. Zinn, and K. E. Govoni. Fetal and organ development at gestational days 45, 90, 135 and at birth of lambs exposed to under- or over-nutrition during gestation. Translational Anim. Sci. doi: 10.2527/tas2016.0002</li> <li>Sang Beum Lee, Sung Kwon Park and Yong Soo Kim. 2017. Maltose binding protein-fusion enhances the bioactivity of truncated forms of pig myostatin propeptide produced in E. coli. Plos One 12(4): e0174956.</li> <li>Jin-Dan Kang, Seokjoong Kim, Hai-Ying Zhu, LongJin, QingGuo, Xiao-Chen Li, Yu-ChenZhang, Xiao-XuXing, Mei-Fu Xuan, Guang-Lei Zhang, Qi-Rong Luo, Yong Soo Kim, Cheng-Du Cui1, Wen-XueLi1, Zheng-YunCui1, Jin-Soo Kim, and Xi-Jun Yin. 2017. Generation of cloned adult muscular pigs with myostatin gene mutation by genetic engineering. RSC Advances 7:12541-12549.</li> <li>D. Berrocoso, R. Kilda, A.K. Singh, Y.S. Kim and R. Jha. 2017. Effect of in ovo injection of raffinose on growth performance and gut health parameters of broiler chicken. Poultry Science 96:1573-1580</li> <li>J. Colle, J.A. Nasados, J.M. Rogers, D.M. Kerby, M.M. Colle, J.B. Van Buren, R.P. Richard, G.K. Murdoch, C.J. Williams, M.E. Doumit , Strategies to improve beef tenderness by activating calpain-2 earlier postmortem. (2017) Meat Science doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.08.008</li> <li>J. Thornton, K.C. Chapalamadugu, E. M. Eldredge and G.K. Murdoch Analysis of Longissimus thoracis protein expression associated with variation in carcass quality grade and marbling of beef cattle raised in the Pacific northwestern United States. (2017) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry January 24 DOI 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02795</li> <li>M. Murdoch, G. K. Murdoch, S. Greenwood, S. McKay Nutritional Influence on Epigenetic Marks and Effect on Livestock Production. (2016) Frontiers in Genetics: nutrigenomics., doi: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00182</li> <li>Chen Y, Wang J, Yang S, Utturkar S, Crodian J, Cummings S, Thimmapuram J, San Miguel P, Kuang S, Gribskov M, Plaut K, Casey T. 2017. The Effect of High Fat Diet on Secreted Milk Transcriptome in Mid-lactation Mice. Physiol Genomics, in press</li> <li>Xiong Y, Page JC, Narayanan N, Wang C, Jia Z, Yue F, Shi X, Jin W, Hu K, Deng M, Shi R, Shan T, Yang G, Kuang S*. 2017. Peripheral neuropathy and hindlimb paralysis in a mouse model of adipocyte-specific knockout of eBioMedicine. DOI: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.09.017">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.09.017</a></li> <li>Jiang C, Cano Vega MA, Yue F, Kuang L, Narayanan N, Uzunalli G, Merkel MP, Kuang S*, Deng M*. 2017. Dibenzazepine-loaded Nanoparticles Induce Local Browning of White Adipose Tissue to Counteract Obesity. Mol Ther. 25(7):1718-29. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.05.020.</li> <li>Wang C, Yue F, Kuang S*. 2017. Muscle Histology Characterization Using H&E Staining and Muscle Fiber Type Classification Using Immunofluorescence Staining. Bio-Protocol. 7(10): e2279. DOI: 10.21769/BioProtoc.2279.</li> <li>Castro B, Kuang S*. 2017. Evaluation of Muscle Performance in Mice by using the Treadmill Exhaustion Test and the Whole-Limb Grip Strength Assay. Bio-Protocol. 7(8): e2237. DOI: 10.21769/BioProtoc.2237</li> <li>Yang X, Yang S, Wang C, Kuang S*. 2017. The hypoxia inducible factors HIF1α and HIF2α are dispensable for embryonic muscle development but essential for postnatal muscle regeneration. J Biol Chem. 292(14):5981-91. doi:10.1074/jbc.M116.756312</li> <li>Wang X, Yu C, Chen J, Jiang Q, Kuang S, Wang Y. 2017. Depot-specific differences in fat mass expansion in WT and ob/ob mice. Oncotarget. 8(28):46326-36. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.17938.</li> <li>Zhang B, Shen Q, Chen Y, Pan R, Kuang S, Liu G, Sun G, Sun X. 2017. Myricitrin alleviates oxidative stress-induced inflammation and apoptosis and protects mice against diabetic cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep. 7:44239. doi: 10.1038/srep44239.</li> <li>Wang C, Liu W, Nie Y, Qaher M, Horton HE, Yue F, Asakura A, Kuang S*. 2017b. Loss of MyoD promotes fate transdifferentiation of myoblasts into brown adipocytes. eBiomedicine. 16:212-23.</li> <li>Yue F, Bi P, Yang X, Wang C, Shan T, Nie Y, Ratliff TL, Gavin TP, Kuang S*. 2017. Pten is necessary for the quiescence and maintenance of adult muscle stem cells. Nat Commun. 8:14328.</li> <li>Yin F, Yang S, Hu S, Kuang S*, Han Q*. 2017. Enhanced human osteoblast cell functions by “net-like” nanostructured cell-substrate interface in orthopedic applications. Mater Lett. 189:275-8.</li> <li>Zhang C, Huang KC, Rajwa B, Li J, Yang S, Lin H, Liao CS, Eakina G, Kuang S, Patsekin V, Robinson JP, Cheng JX. 2017. Stimulated Raman Scattering Flow Cytometry for Label-Free Single-Particle Analysis. 4(1): 103-9. doi:10.1364/OPTICA.4.000103</li> <li>Wang C, Wang M, Arrington J, Shan T, Yue F, Nie Y, Tao WA, Kuang S*. Ascl2 inhibits myogenesis by antagonizing the transcriptional activity of myogenic regulatory factors. Development. 144(2):235-247. doi: 10.1242/dev.138099.</li> <li>Yue F, Bi P, Wang C, Li J, Liu X, Kuang S*. 2016. Conditional loss of Pten in myogenic progenitors leads to postnatal skeletal muscle hypertrophy but age-dependent exhaustion of satellite cells. Cell Rep. 17(9):2340-53. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.002.</li> <li>Spaulding H, Kelly E, Quindry JC, Sheffield J, Hudson MB, and Selsby J. Autophagic dysfunction and autophagosome escape in the mdx mus musculus model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.  Acta Physiologica.  In Press. </li> <li>Ballmann C, Denney CT, Beyers R, Quindry T, Romero T, Selsby JT, and Quindry JC. Long term dietary quercetin enrichment as a cardioprotective countermeasure in mdx mice.  Experimental Physiology. 102:635-649, 2017. </li> </ol> *This paper was featured in an unsolicited ViewPoint from Experimental Physiology.  <ol start="25"> <li>Ballmann C, Denney T, Beyers R, Quindry T, Romero M, Amin R, Selsby JT, and Quindry JC. Lifelong quercetin enrichment and cardioprotection in Mdx/Utrn+/-   American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulation.  312:128-140, 2017</li> <li>Spaulding HR, Ballmann CG, Quindry JC, and Selsby JT. Long-term quercetin dietary enrichment partially protects dystrophic skeletal muscle.  PLoS One.  11: e0168293, 2016. </li> <li>Clark, D,L,; Strasburg, G,M,; Reed, K.M.; Velleman, S.G. 2017. Influence of temperature and growth selection on turkey pectoralis major muscle satellite cell adipogenic gene expression and lipid accumulation. Poultry Science 96:1015-1027.</li> <li>Reed, K.M.; Mendoza, K.M.; Abrahante, J.E.; Barnes, N.E.; Velleman, S.G., Strasburg, G.M. 2017. Response of turkey muscle satellite cells to thermal challenge. I. Transcriptome effects in proliferating cells. BMC Genomics 18(1):352. doi: 10.1186/s12864-017-3740-4</li> <li>Reed, K.M.; Mendoza, K.M.; Strasburg, G.M.; Velleman, S.G. 2017. Response of turkey muscle satellite cells to thermal challenge. II. transcriptome effects in differentiating cells. Submitted to Frontiers in Avian Physiology.</li> <li>DeBoer, M.L., K. M. Martinson, M. S. Pampusch, A. M. Hansen, S. M. Wells, C. Ward, M. Hathaway. 2017. Cultured equine satellite cells as a model system to assess leucine stimulated protein synthesis in horse muscle. Anim.Sci. (in press)</li> <li>Pettit AP, Jonsson WO, Bargoud AR, Mirek ET, Peelor FF 3rd, Wang Y, Gettys TW, Kimball SR, Miller BF, Hamilton KL, Wek RC, Anthony TG. (2017) Dietary Methionine Restriction Regulates Liver Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression Independently of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 Phosphorylation in Mice. J Nutr. Jun;147(6):1031-1040. doi: 10.3945/jn.116.246710. Epub 2017 Apr 26. PMID: 28446632</li> <li>Shoeibi, S. P. Mozdziak, A. Golkar-Narenji, 2017. Biogenesis of selenium nanoparticles using green chemistry. Topics in Current Chemistry (Submitted).</li> <li>Farzaneh, M., F. Attari, S. E. Khoshnam, and P. E. Mozdziak, 2017. Chicken whole embryo culture system, the strong in-vitro model, British Poultry Science (Submitted).</li> <li>Zand-vakili, M. A. Golkar-Narenji, H. Eimani, and P. E. Mozdziak, 2017. An in vitro study on cumulus oocyte complexes COCs and follicles of autotransplanted mouse ovaries with the effect of VEGF. Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association (In Press).</li> <li>Farzaneh, M, S. E. Khoshnam, and P.E. Mozdziak, 2017. The evolution of chicken stem cell culture methods. British Poultry Science DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2017.1365354.</li> <li>Farzaneh, M, S. E. Khoshnam, and P.E. Mozdziak. 2017. Concise review: avian multipotent stem cells as a novel tool for investigating cell based therapies. J. Dairy Veterinary Animal Research 5: DOI: 10.15406/jdvar.2017.05.00125.</li> <li>Farzaneh, M, S. N. Hossani, P.E. Mozdziak, and H. Baharvand. 2017. Avian embryos and related cell lines: a convenient platform for recombinant proteins and vaccines production. Biotechnology Journal 12: DOI 10.1002/biot.201600598/</li> <li>Stern, R., A. S. Dasarathy, and P.E. Mozdziak, 2017. Ammonia elicits a different myogenic response in avian and murine myotubes. In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. Animal. 53: 99-110.</li> <li>Bazgir, B., R. Fathei, M. Rezazadeh Valoujerd, P. Mozdziak, and A. Asgari, 2017. Satellite cell contribution to cxercise mediated muscle hypertrophy and repair: A review article. Cell Journal 18: 473-484.</li> <li>Powell, D.J., Velleman, S.G., Cowieson, A.J., and Muir, W.I. 2016. Methionine concentration in the pre-starter diet – its effect on broiler breast muscle development. Animal Production Sci. dx.doi.org/10.1071/AN15479.</li> <li>Clark, D.L. Coy, C.S., Strasburg, G.M., Reed, K.M., and Velleman, S.G. 2016.Temperature Effect on Proliferation and Differentiation of Satellite Cells from Turkeys with Different Growth Rates. Poult. Sci. 95:934-947. (selected by the Editor-in-Chief as a Choice Publication based on content).</li> <li>Harding, R.L., and Velleman, S.G. 2016. MicroRNA regulation of myogenic satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 412:181-195.</li> <li>Powell, D.J., Velleman, S.G., Cowieson, A.J., Singh, M., and Muir, W.I. 2016. Influence of hatch time and access to feed on intramuscular adipose tissue deposition in broilers. Poult. Sci. 95:1449-1456.</li> <li>Powell, D.J., Velleman, S.G., Cowieson, A.J., Singh, M., and Muir, W.I. 2016. Influence of chick hatch time and access to feed on broiler muscle development. Poult. Sci. 95:1433-1448. (selected by the Editor-in-Chief as a Choice Publication based on content).</li> <li>Harding, R.L., Halevy, O., Yahav, S., and Velleman, S.G. 2016. The effect of temperature on proliferation and differentiation of chicken skeletal muscle satellite cells isolated from different muscle types. Physiological Reports 4 (8), e12770.</li> <li>Clark, D.L., and Velleman, S.G. 2017. Spatial influence on breast muscle morphological structure, myofiber size, and gene expression associated with the wooden breast myopathy in broilers. Poult. Sci. 95:2930-2945. dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pew243. (selected by the Editor-in-Chief as a Choice Publication based on content).</li> <li>Clark, D.L., Strasburg, G.M., Reed, K.M., and Velleman, S.G. 2017. Influence of temperature and growth selection on turkey pectoralis major muscle satellite cell adipogenic gene expression and lipid accumulation. Poult. Sci. 96:1015-1027, dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pew374 selected by the Editor-in-Chief as a Choice Publication based on content).</li> <li>Velleman, S.G. and Harding, R.L. 2017. Regulation of Turkey Myogenic Satellite Cell Migration by MicroRNAs miR-128 and miR-24. Poult. Sci. 96:1910-1917.doi: 10.3382/ps/pew434.</li> <li>Reed, K.M., Mendoza, K.M., Abrahante, J.E., Barnes, N.E., Velleman, S.G., and Strasburg, G.M. 2017. Response of turkey muscle satellite cells to thermal challenge. I. Transcriptome effects in proliferating cells. BMC Genomics 18:352. DOI 10.1186/s12864-017-3740-4.</li> <li>Piestun, Y., Patael, T., Yahav, S., Velleman, S.G., and Halevy, O. 2017. Early posthatch thermal stress affects breast muscle development and satellite cell growth and characteristics in broilers. Poult. Sci.96: 2877-2888..</li> <li>Clark, D.L., Walter, K. G., and Velleman, S.G. 2017. Incubation temperature and time of hatch impact broiler muscle growth and morphology. Poult . Sci. doi.org/10.3382/ps/pex202.</li> <li>Velleman, S.G., and Song, Y. 2017. Development and growth of the avian pectoralis major (breast) muscle: Function of syndecan-4 and glypican-1 in adult myoblast proliferation and differentiation.. Frontiers in Physiol. doi. 10.3389/phys.2017.00577. (invited review).</li> <li>Velleman, S.G., Clark, D.L., and Tonniges, J.R. 2017. Fibrillar collagen organization associated with the broiler wooden breast fibroitic myopathy. Avian Dis. In press.</li> <li>Wang, B., F. Zhang, H. Zhang, Z. Wang, Y. Ma, M. J. Zhu, and M. Du. (2017). Alcohol intake aggravates adipose browning and muscle atrophy in cancer associated cachexia. Oncotarget, In press.</li> <li>Wang, B., X. Fu, X. Liang, J. M. Deavila, Z. Wang, L. Zhao, Q. Tian, J. Zhao, N. A. Gomez, S. C. Trombetta, M. J. Zhu, and M. Du. (2017). Retinoic acid induces white adipose tissue browning by increasing adipose vascularity and inducing beige adipogenesis of PDGFRa+ adipose progenitors. Cell Discovery, In press.</li> <li>Fu, X., Q. Yang, B. Wang, J. Zhao, M. Zhu, S. M. Parish, and M. Du. (2017). Reduced satellite cell density and myogenesis in Wagyu compared to Angus cattle as a possible explanation of its high marbling. Animal, In press.</li> <li>Wang, B., Z. Wang, J. M. de Avila, M. J. Zhu, F. Zhang, N. A. Gomez, L. Zhao, Q. Tian, J. Zhao, J. Maricelli, H. Zhang, B. D. Rodgers, and M. Du. (2017). Moderate alcohol intake induces thermogenic brown/beige adipocyte formation via elevating retinoic acid signaling. FASEB Journal, 31: 4612-4622.</li> <li>Wang, B., X. Fu, M.J. Zhu, and M. Du. (2017). Retinoic acid inhibits white adipogenesis by disrupting GADD45A mediated Zfp423 DNA demethylation. Journal of Molecular Cell Biology, 9: 338-349.</li> <li>Zhao, J., Q. Yang, L. Zhang, X. Liang, X. Sun, B. Wang, Y. Chen, M. J. Zhu, and M. Du. (2017). AMPKa1 deficiency suppresses brown adipogenesis in favor of fibrogenesis during brown adipose tissue development. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 491: 508-514.</li> <li>Du, M., S.P. Ford, and M. J. Zhu. (2017). Optimizing livestock production efficiency through maternal nutritional management and fetal developmental programming. Animal Frontiers, 7: 5-11.</li> <li>Song, J., Q. Wang, M. Du, X. Ji, and X. Mao. (2017). Identification of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory peptides from mare whey protein hydrolysates. Journal of Dairy Science, 100: 6885-6894.</li> <li>Wang, S., X. Liang, Q. Yang, X. Fu, M. Zhu, B.D. Rodgers, Q. Jiang, M. V. Dodson, and M. Du. (2017). Resveratrol enhances brown adipocyte formation and function by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) 1 in mice fed high-fat diet. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 61: 1600746.</li> <li>Song, J.J., Q. Wang, M. Du, T. G. Li, B. Chen, X. Y. Mao. (2017). Casein glycomacropeptide-derived peptide IPPKKNQDKTE ameliorate high glucose-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells via activation of AMPK signaling. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 61: 1600301.</li> <li>Wang B., X. Fu, X. Liang, Z. Wang, Q. Yang, T. Zou, W. Nie, J. Zhao, P. Gao, M. J. Zhu, J. M. De Avila, J. Maricelli, B. D. Rodgers, and M. Du. (2017). Maternal retinoids increase PDGFRa progenitor population and beige adipogenesis in progeny by stimulating vascular development. EBioMedicine, 18:288-299.</li> <li>Guan L., X. Hu, L. Liu, Y. Xing, Z. Zhou, X.W. Liang, Q. Yang, S. Jin, J. Bao, H. Gao, M. Du, J. Li, and L. Zhang. (2017). Bta-miR-23a involves in adipogenesis of progenitor cells derived from fetal bovine skeletal muscle. Scientific Report, 7:43716.</li> <li>Griner, J. D., C. J. Rogers, M. J. Zhu, and M. Du. (2017). Lysyl oxidase propeptide promotes adipogenesis through inhibition of FGF-2 signaling. Adipocyte, 6: 12-19.</li> <li>Zou, T., Q. Yang, B. Wang, M. Zhu, P. W. Nathanielsz, and M. Du. (2017). Resveratrol supplementation to high fat diet-fed pregnant mice promotes brown and beige adipocyte development and prevents obesity in male offspring. Journal of Physiology, 595: 1547-1562.</li> <li>Li, T., B. Chen, M. Du, J. Song, X. Cheng, X. Wang, and X. Mao. (2017). Casein glycomacropeptide hydrolysates exert cytoprotective</li> <li>Zhu C, Guo W. 2017. Detection and quantification of the giant protein titin by SDS-agarose gel electrophoresis. MethodsX. 4:320-327.</li> <li>Guo W, Sun M. 2017. RBM20, a potential target for treatment of cardiomyopathy via titin isoform switching. Biophysical reviews. PMID: 28577155</li> <li>Zhu C, Yin Z, Tan B, Guo W. 2017. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28676430">Insulin regulates titin pre-mRNA splicing through the PI3K-Akt-mTOR kinase axis in a RBM20-dependent manner.</a> Biochimica et biophysica acta. 1863(9): 2363-2371. PMID: 28676430</li> <li>J. Thornton, K.C. Chapalamadugu, E.M. Eldredge, G.K. Murdoch. 2017. Analysis of longissimus thoracis protein expression associated with variation in carcass quality grade and marbling of beef cattle raised in the pacific northwestern United States. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 65(7): 1434-1422. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02795</li> <li>Kamanga-Sollo, K.J. Thornton, M. E. White and W. R. Dayton. 2017. Role of G protein-coupled receptor-1, matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, and heparin binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor in Estradiol-17β -induced alterations in protein synthesis and protein degradation rates in fused bovine satellite cell cultures. Domestic Animal Endocrinology. 58: 90-96 doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.09.002</li> <li>Regmi, N., T. Wang, M. A. Crenshaw, B. J. Rude, and F. Liao. 2017. Effects of dietary lysine level on the concentrations of selected nutrient metabolites in blood plasma of late-stage finishing pigs. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12714.</li> <li>Wang, T., M. A. Crenshaw, M. S. Hasan, G. Wu, and F. Liao. 2017. Effects of dietary lysine levels on the plasma concentrations of growth-related hormones in late-stage finishing pigs. In T. Asao and M. Asaduzzaman. eds. Amino Acid - New Insights and Roles in Plant and Animal (ISBN: 978-953-51-3242-4). Chapter 13, pp. 259-271. InTech, Rijeka, Croatia. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.68545.</li> <li>Wang, T., J. M. Feugang, M. A. Crenshaw, N. Regmi, J. R. Blanton, Jr., and F. Liao. 2017. A systems biology approach using transcriptomic data reveals genes and pathways in porcine skeletal muscle affected by dietary lysine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 18: 885 (1-20). DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040885.</li> <li>Durfey, C. L., D. D. Burnet, F. Liao, C. S. Steadmana, M. A. Crenshaw, H. J. Clemente, S. T. Willard, P. L. Ryan, and J, M. Feugang. 2017. Nanotechnology-based selection of boar spermatozoa: growth development and health assessments of produced offspring. Livestock Sciences, 205: 137-142.</li> </ol> Book Chapters: None Abstracts, Posters, and Professional Presentations: <ol> <li>Morey, A., A. E. Smith, M. L. Johnson, L. J. Bauermeister, D. Starkey, R. Beyers, R. S. Moon, K. M. Cox, and W. D. Berry. 2017. Advanced Technologies for Detection and Analysis of Broiler Meat Quality with Novel Myopathies such as Woody Breast. World’s Poultry Science Association XXIII European Symposium on the Quality of Poultry Meat. EGGMEAT Edinburgh, Scotland.</li> <li>Tejeda, O. J., J. A. Arana, A. J. Calderon, D. Starkey. 2017. Evaluation of broiler chicken myogenic stem cell population heterogeneity and skeletal muscle fiber morphometrics. Poul. Sci. Vol. 96 (E-Suppl 1).</li> <li>Meloche, K. J., W. A. Dozier, III, D. Starkey. 2017. Skeletal muscle fiber morphometrics and in vivo myogenic stem cell mitotic activity in broiler chickens affected by Wooden Breast. Poul. Sci. Vol. 96 (E-Suppl 1).</li> <li>Smith, A., S. I. Patton, R. Beyers, L. J. Bauermeister, D. Starkey, and A. Morey. 2017. Exploring magnetic resonance imaging, an advanced technology, to study modern meat quality defects such as wooden breast in broilers. Poul. Sci. Vol. 96 (E-Suppl 1).</li> <li>Lock, A.L., K. M. Meloche, D. Starkey. 2017. Evaluation of objective digital methods for determination of Pectoralis major muscle cross-sectional area for use in estimation of skeletal muscle fiber number. International Poultry Scientific Forum. Atlanta, GA. Proceedings of the Southern Poultry Science Society. Poul. Sci. Vol. 96 (E-Suppl 1).</li> <li>Pillai, S.M., M.L. Hoffman, A.K. Jones, K.K. McFadden, J.R. Stevens, S.A. Zinn, S.A. Reed, K.E. Govoni. Poor maternal nutrition during gestation alters muscle gene expression in fetal offspring. J Anim Sci. 2017. 95(E-Suppl 4):150</li> <li>Martin, D.E., A. K. Jones, S. M. Pillai, M. L. Hoffman, K. K. McFadden, K. E. Govoni, S. A. Zinn, S. A. Reed. Effects of poor maternal nutrition and gender on satellite cell metabolism in lambs. J Anim Sci. 2017. 95(E-Suppl 4):37</li> <li>Jones, A.K., S. M. Pillai, M. L. Hoffman, K. K. McFadden, K. E. Govoni, S. A. Zinn, S. A. Reed. Maternal restricted- and over-feeding during gestation alters offspring gene expression of inflammatory markers in the liver at d 135 of gestation and at birth. J Anim Sci. 2017. 95(E-Suppl 4):48</li> <li>Wynn, M., A. K. Jones, M. L. Hoffman, S. M. Pillai, K. K. McFadden, S. A. Reed, S. A. Zinn, K. E. Govoni. The effects of poor maternal nutrition during gestation on the number of Pax7 positive myogenic progenitor cells. J Anim Sci. 2017. 95(E-Suppl 4):41</li> <li>Breann N. Sandberg, Carl W. Hunt, Matthew E. Doumit, Ron Richard and Gordon K. Murdoch Effects of Rumen Protected-Histidine Supplementation Dose on Finishing Beef Cattle. accepted in the Meat Science and Muscle Biology section at the 2017 ASAS-CSAS Annual Meeting, Baltimore MD</li> <li>Breann N. Sandberg, Carl W. Hunt, Matthew E. Doumit, Ron Richard and Gordon K. Murdoch Pacific Northwest Animal Nutrition Conference graduate research competition, January 2017, Richland, WA.</li> <li>K. Hogan, J.E. Beever, and A.C. Dilger (2017) The Effects of Virally-Induced Maternal Inflammation on the Methylation Patterns of Skeletal Muscle in Offspring. FASEB Journal 31:979.2</li> <li>Pautz C, Wilson BE, Jackson K, Selsby JT, Barerro CA, Merali S, Kelly EM, and Hudson MB. Exercise or reduced-calorie diet attenuates overnutrition-induced Glut4 carbonylations in adipose tissues.  ACSM, Denver, June, 2017.</li> <li>Hudson MB, Pautz CM, Barrero CA, Kelly EM, Selsby JT, and Wilson BE. Size profile and selective protein packaging of exosomes released from atrophying muscle cells.  ACSM, Denver, June, 2017. </li> <li>Spaulding H, Kelly EM, Sheffield JB, Quindry JC, Hudson MB, and Selsby JT. Impaired autophagic flux in dystrophic muscle augments extracellular autophagosome release.  Advances in Skeletal Muscle Biology in Health and Disease.  Gainesville, FL, March 8-10, 2017. </li> <li>Spaulding H, Ross JW, Nonneman JD, and Selsby JT. Autophagy is independent of disease progression in the dystrophic myocardium in mouse and porcine dystrophinopathy models.  FASEB, Chicago, April, 2017.</li> <li>Quindry J, Quindry T, Ballmann C, and Selsby JT. Indices of autophagy are unaltered by quercetin consumption in hearts of Mdx/Utrn+/-  Experimental Biology, Chicago, April 22-26, 2017</li> <li>Strasburg, G.M. 2016. Influence of thermal challenge on turkey meat quality. Oral presentation at the NC1184 USDA Annual Multistate Project Meeting. October 21, 2016, Manhattan, Kansas</li> <li>Barnes, N.E.; Strasburg, G.M.; Velleman, S.G.; Reed, K.M. 2017. Transcriptional Response to Thermal Stress in Turkey Muscle. Poster 1134. Plant and Animal Genome Meeting</li> <li>Reed, K.M.; Velleman, S.G.; Strasburg, G.M. 2017 Temperature effects on differential gene expression in turkey satellite cells during proliferation and differentiation. Presentation W765, Plant and Animal Genome Meeting, January 14 – 18, 2017. San Diego, CA</li> <li>Strasburg, G.M.; Clark, D.L.; George, G.; Reed, K.M.; Velleman, S.G. 2017. Effect of embryonic and post-hatch thermal challenge on turkey muscle development. Presentation W766, Plant and Animal Genome Meeting, January 14 – 18, 2017. San Diego, CA</li> <li>Presentation: Glaxo Smith Klein, “BCAA Catabolism and the integrated stress response”, December 9, 2016</li> <li>Presentation: Acute exercise and training distinctively alter branched-chain amino acid metabolic signatures in the skeletal muscle of Standardbred horses. NIDDK Meeting: Emerging Roles of BCAAs in Human Health and Disease, May 25-26, 2017.</li> <li>Presentation: School of Health Professions Nutritional Sciences Open Forum, “Dietary Methionine Restriction and the Integrated Stress Response”, Rutgers-Newark, June 15, 2017</li> <li>Qiurong Wang, John F. Odhiambo, Chris Pankey, Adel Ghnenis,Peter W. Nathanielsz, Stephen P. Ford, Wei Guo. Molecular Basis of Maternal Obesity Induced Fetal Cardiac Contractile Dysfunction. The AHA scientific meeting, Anaheim, CA. November 11th -15th</li> <li>Qiurong Wang1, John F. Odhiambo1, Peter W. Nathanielsz1, Stephen P. Ford1, Jun Ren2, Wei Guo1. RBM39 is Vital for Maternal Obesity-Induced Fetal Sheep Cardiac Contractile dysfunction by Regulating Myocardial Autophagy. The AHA scientific meeting, Anaheim, CA. November 11th -15th</li> <li>Qiurong Wang1,2, Chaoqun Zhu1, John F. Odhiambo1,2, Guadalupe L Rodríguez-González3, Peter W. Nathanielsz1,2, Stephen P. Ford1,2, Jun Ren4 and Wei Guo1,2. Maternal Obesity Compromises Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Profile of Term Fetal Sheep Heart. 64th SRI annual Scientific meeting, Orlando, FL. March 15th -18th (Oral Presentation)</li> <li>G. Christensen, N.E. Ineck, K.J. Phelps , S.M. Ebarb , J.S. Drouillard , J.M. Gonzalez, K.J. Thornton. Small heat shock protein abundance differs during aging in steaks from the longissimus lumborum of cattle that received different growth promotants. Reciprocal Meats Conference, June 2017, College Station, TX.</li> <li>E. Ineck, R.G. Christensen, S.M. Quarnberg, K.A. Rood, C.E. Carpenter, J.F. Legako, K.J. Thornton. Impacts of bovine maternal nutrition on miRNA expression in skeletal muscle of the progeny during growth. Reciprocal Meats Conference, June 2017, College Station, TX.</li> <li>Thompson, R. C., K. J. McCarty, A. T. Sukumaran, R. L. Lemire, E. H. King, R. M. Hopper, C. O. Lemley, T. T. N. Dinh, and D. D. Burnett. 2017. Effect of maternal melatonin supplementation during mid to late gestation on fatty acid composition in maternal and fetal plasma and perirenal adipose tissue collected from bovine fetuses at 240 days of gestation. J. Anim. Sci. 95(Suppl4):152-152.</li> <li>Holtcamp, A. J., A. T. Sukumaran, E. K. Wilkerson, A. E. Schnedler, B. J. McClenton, R. L. Lemire, C. R. Calkins, D. D. Burnett, and T. T. N. Dinh. 2017. Mitochondrial lipid composition and enzyme activity of post mortem beef longissimus muscle from Angus steers fed endophyte-infected tall fescue seeds. Reciprocal Meats Conference. AMSA2017-1152</li> <li>Lemire, R. L., K. F. Coble, D. Garry, L. L. Thomas, C. W. Hastad, and D. D. Burnett. 2017. 127 Effect of double stocking and nursery split-out age on wean-to-finish growth performance and economic parameters of growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 95(Suppl2):60-60</li> <li>McCarty, K. J., M. P. T. Owen, C. G. Hart, K. C. Yankey, R. C. Thompson, D. D. Burnett, E. H. King, R. M. Hopper, and C. O. Lemley. 2017. 487 Effect of melatonin supplementation during mid- to late-gestation on maternal uterine blood flow and calf size at birth. J. Anim. Sci. 95(Suppl4):238-238.</li> <li>Yang, Z., M. S. Hasan, R. Thompson, M. A. Crenshaw, D. D. Burnett, J. K. Htoo, and F. Liao. 2017. Effects of dietary methionine deficiency on the growth performance and plasma concentrations of selected metabolites in growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 95 (Suppl. 4): 43. Abstract was presented by ZY at the ASAS-CSAS Annual Meeting & Trade Show, Baltimore, MD. Jul. 8-12.</li> <li>Hasan, M. S., M. A. Crenshaw, J. M. Feugang, and F. Liao. 2017. Effects of dietary lysine restriction on the concentrations of free amino acids and other selected metabolites in the blood plasma of growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 95 (Suppl. 4): 49-50. Abstract was presented by MSH at the ASAS-CSAS Annual Meeting & Trade Show, Baltimore, MD. Jul. 8-12.</li> <li>Wang, T., M. S. Hasan, M. A. Crenshaw, G. Wu, and F. Liao. 2017. Effects of dietary lysine supply on the plasma concentrations of growth-related hormones in late-stage finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 95 (Suppl. 4): 205-206. Abstract was presented by MSH at the ASAS-CSAS Annual Meeting & Trade Show, Baltimore, MD. Jul. 8-12.</li> <li>Humphrey, R. M., Z. Yang, M. S. Hasan, M. A. Crenshaw, D. D. Burnett, and F. Liao. 2017. The carcass characteristic shift in the compensatorily-gained pigs produced from feeding a methionine-deficient diet. Poster presentation by RMH at the Spring Undergraduate Research Symposium. p. 46. Shackouls Honors College, Mississippi State University. Apr. 13.</li> <li>Durfey, C. L., F. Liao, D. Devost-Burnett, M. A. Crenshaw, C. S. Steadman, S. T. Willard, P. L. Ryan, H. Clemente, and J. M. Feugang. 2017. Assessment of growth and health performance of pigs born from magnetically nanopurified boar spermatozoa. J. Anim. Sci. 95 (Suppl. 2)/J. Dairy Sci. 100 (Suppl. 1): 40. Abstract was presented (oral and poster) by DCL the Annual Meeting of Midwestern Section/Branch of ASAS/ADSA, Omaha, NE. Mar. 13-15.</li> <li>Wang, T., M. S. Hasan, M. A. Crenshaw, A. T. Sukumaran, T. Dinh, and F. Liao. 2017. Effect of dietary lysine on the skeletal muscle intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition of late-stage finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 95 (Suppl. 2)/J. Dairy Sci. 100 (Suppl. 1): 46-47. Abstract was presented (oral and poster) by MSH at the Annual Meeting of Midwestern Section/Branch of ASAS/ADSA, Omaha, NE. Mar. 13-15.</li> <li>Hasan, M. S., T. Wang, S. Ching, J. M. Feugang, M. A. Crenshaw, L. S. Johnston, F. Chi, and F. Liao. 2017. Effect of a new montmorillonite-based feed additive on the production performance of newly weaned piglets. J. Anim. Sci. 95 (Suppl. 2)/J. Dairy Sci. 100 (Suppl. 1): 73-74. Abstract was presented (poster) by MSH the Annual Meeting of Midwestern Section/Branch of ASAS/ADSA, Omaha, NE. Mar. 13-15.</li> <li>Moorhead, W. A., C. L. Durfey, F. Liao, D. Devost-Burnett, G. D. A. Gastal, P. L. Ryan, S. T. Willard, and J. M. Feugang. 2017. Effects of nanopurified boar semen for artificial insemination on protein detection in swine offspring muscle and fat tissue. Reproduction, Fertility and Development. 29(1): 139-139. Abstract was presentation (poster) by WAM at the 43rd IETS Annual Meeting, Austin, TX. Jan. 14-17.</li> <li>Durfey, C. L., F. Liao, D. Devost-Burnett, T. Dinh, M. Crenshaw, S. T. Willard, P. L. Ryan, H. Clemente, and J. M. Feugang. 2017. Growth and market quality of pigs born from magnetic nanoparticle treated boar spermatozoa. Abstract (#69016). Poster presentation by CLD at the 43rd IETS Annual Meeting, Austin, TX. Jan. 14-17.</li> </ol> Theses: <ol> <li>Jones, A.K. 2017. The effect of poor maternal nutrition on offspring growth and maternal and offspring inflammatory status during gestation. PhD Diss. Univ. Connecticut, Storrs, CT.</li> <li>Lisa C. Armbruster MS- Thesis August 2017: “Myogenic and Anabolic Gene Expression in Red and White Muscle from Sablefish (Anaplopoma fimbria) during Grow out”.</li> <li>Breann N. Sandberg MS- Thesis May 2017: “ An Examination of the Effects of Dietary Rumen Protected- Histidine Supplementation on Finishing Beef Cattle Growth, Carcass and Meat Quality Parameters.</li> <li>Elizabeth Hogan. The effects of virus-induced maternal inflammation on methylation patterns in skeletal muscle. MS Thesis December 2016.</li> <li>Kellie Kroscher. Creation and characterization of mice with a mutation disrupting binding of a transcriptional repressor of insulin-like growth factor 2. MS Thesis August 2017</li> </ol> Other Publications and Presentations: <ol> <li>Selsby JT. The effect of heat stresses on porcine skeletal muscle.  Project Director’s meeting.  Baltimore, MD, 7/13/17.</li> <li>Turning down the heat: How heat stress affects muscle growth and limits pork production. Iowa Swine Day, Ames, IA, 6/29/17.</li> <li>Spaulding H, Kelly EM, Sheffield JB, Quindry JC, Hudson MB, and Selsby JT. Impaired autophagic flux in dystrophic muscle augments extracellular autophagosome release.  Advances in Skeletal Muscle Biology in Health and Disease.  Gainesville, FL, March 8-10, 2017. </li> </ol> *Note: Talk was awarded based on abstract (1/16 selected from ~120 submitted) <ol start="4"> <li>Baumgard L., SK Kvidera, EA Horst, MJ Dickson, JA Ydstie, CS Shouse, EJ Mayorga, M Al-Qaisi, S Lei, KL Bidne, JT Seibert, BJ Hall, AF Keating, JW Ross, JT Selsby and RP Rhoads. Consequences of leaky gut on the immune system, metabolism, physiology and animal performance.  American Dairy Science Association. </li> <li>Spaulding HR and Selsby JT, Autophagic dysfunction in dystrophic muscle is independent of disease progression. Iowa Physiological Society, Des Moines, IA, October 29th, 2016. </li> <li>The heat is on: Heat stress-mediated changes in skeletal muscle. Modern Views of Nutrition Seminar Series.  Iowa State University, 9/20/17.</li> <li>It’s getting hot in here: Heat stress-mediated changes in skeletal muscle. TriBeta Seminar 4/4/17. </li> <li>Selsby, JT. Heat stress has effect on muscle growth, limits pork production.    September 5th, p26-27, p32, 2017. </li> <li>Boosting Heat Stress Tolerance in Turkeys. In Retaking the Field, Vol. 2, March 2017. A publication of the Supporters of Agricultural Research (SoAR) Foundation. Available at: <a href="http://supportagresearch.org/michigan-state-university-boosting-heat-stress-tolerance-in-turkeys/">http://supportagresearch.org/michigan-state-university-boosting-heat-stress-tolerance-in-turkeys/</a> Accessed December 7, 2017.</li> <li>Invited Speaker at Texas Tech University. K.J. Thornton. Heat shock proteins and their role in meat quality. March 2017.</li> </ol>

Impact Statements

Committee members gathered new data to better understand the development of tenderness in meat. New data on the development of tenderness in meat can be used to enhance the quality of beef products that are sold within the United States. Development of a “guaranteed” tender beef product could result in an economic impact of more than a billion dollars.

Date of Annual Report: 01/03/2019

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 10/26/2018 - 10/27/2018
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2017 - 09/30/2018

Participants

Jessica Starkey (Alabama; Auburn University)
Charles Starkey (Alabama; Auburn University)
Sara Reed (Connecticut; University of Connecticut)
Shihuan Kuang (Indiana; Purdue University)
Joshua Selsby (Iowa; Iowa State University)
John Gonzalez (Kansas; Kansas State University)
Stephanie Kruger (Kansas; Kansas State University; Graduate Student)
Cathy Ernst (Michigan; Michigan State University)
Derris Burnett (Mississippi; Mississippi State University)
Deb Hamernik (Nebraska; University of Nebraska-Lincoln)
Paul Mozdiak (North Carolina; North Carolina State University)
Zach Smith (South Dakota; South Dakota State University)
Kara Thorton (Utah; Utah State University)
Laura Smith (Utah; Utah State University; Graduate Student)
Caleb Reichhardt (Utah; Utah State University; Graduate Student)
Dave Gerrard (Virginia; Virginia Tech University)
Wei Guo (Wyoming; University of Wyoming)
Rexiati Maimaiti (Wyoming; University of Wyoming; Graduate Student)

Brief Summary of Minutes

The meeting convened at 8am on Friday October 26, 2018 and concluded on Saturday October 27, 2018 in the conference room of the Stan L. Albrecht Agricultural Sciences Building at Utah State University, Logan, UT.

Dr. Dirk Vanderwall, Head of the Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences at Utah State University, provided the welcome and introductory remarks. These included a thorough overview of the research and teaching facilities and capabilities at Utah State University.

Following this introduction, individual station reports were presented by each of the stations represented. These reports lasted approximately 30 minutes each with time for questions and discussion.

In the evening, the group met for dinner, which was hosted by Dr. Kara Thornton at the Utah State University Beef Teaching Unit

NC1184 members participated in a scheduled conference call with Dr. Mark Mirando (USDA-NIFA), who outlined the current funding programs, budgets, and statistics on the number of proposals submitted annually and funding rates. An update on the plan to relocate NIFA outside of DC was also discussed.

A committee led by Dr. Dave Gerrard and including Drs. Sally Johnson, Sandy Velleman, Derris Burnett, Paul Mozdiak, and others was formed to re-write the multistate project, which will be due in the Fall of 2019.

An update on travel plans for the 2019 meeting in Starkville, Mississippi was discussed. It was determined that the 2020 meeting will be held at the University of Connecticut and hosted by Dr. Sarah Reed.

Minutes Attachment:

NC1184 report 2018 20190103 dh.docx

Accomplishments

Accomplishments:   Objective 1: Characterize the signal transduction pathway that regulates skeletal muscle growth and metabolism including the influence of endogenous growth factors and various production practices.   Alabama Station: Impact of in ovo thermal manipulation on broiler chicken muscle development, growth, and satellite cell activity. <ol> <li>Completed the live animal growth performance and carcass yield data collection and sample collection and cryohistology and immunofluorescence analysis portions of the project.</li> <li>Immunofluorescence data analysis is ongoing.</li> <li>Presented an abstract of growth performance and carcass yields at the 2018 Poultry Science Association annual meeting.</li> </ol>   Effects of dietary amino acid density on growth performance, satellite cell activity, collagen gene expression, and the incidence of wooden breast. <ol> <li>Completed the live animal growth performance and carcass yield data collection, sample collection, and data analysis portions of the project.</li> <li>Presented an abstract with collagen expression results at the 2018 Poultry Science Association annual meeting.</li> <li>Published the results in a peer-reviewed journal, Poultry Science.</li> </ol>   Connecticut Station: Effects of poor maternal nutrition during gestation on fetal muscle development   <ol> <li>Completed metabolome analysis of longissimus dorsi muscle from offspring of over-, restricted-, and control-fed ewes at day 45, 90, 135 of gestation and within 24 h of birth.</li> <li>Identified changes in markers of oxidative stress as a result of maternal diet in serum and muscle in offspring within 24 h of birth.</li> <li>Initiated proteomic analysis of longissimus dorsi muscle from offspring of over-, restricted-, and control-fed ewes at day 45, 90, 135 of gestation and within 24 h of birth.</li> </ol>   Effects of restricted maternal nutrition and realimentation during gestation on fetal muscle development <ol> <li>Histological analysis of fetal muscle tissues to determine changes in fiber cross-sectional area, Pax7(+) cells, and muscle fiber typing approximately 75% complete</li> </ol>   Hawaii Station: Neonatal suppression of MSTN on skeletal muscle growth  <ol> <li>Either neonatal oral administration or intraperitoneal injection of MBP-fMSTNpro45-100mFc did not significantly affect body weight growth and gastrocnemius muscle and organ weights of mice. The results imply that the early neonatal administration of MBP-fMSTNpro45-100mFc does not enhance muscle hyperplasia in mice. However, this study did not examine either the transfer of recombinant MSTNpro into circulation or dose-response relationship. Further studies, thus, are needed to validate the potential of neonatal suppression of MSTN as a strategy to improve skeletal muscle growth of animals.</li> </ol>   Idaho Station <ol> <li>Completing an aquaculture feeding trial in sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) examining the influence of rearing temperature and dietary composition on growth traits and temporal expression of myogenic and metabolic genes in both white and red skeletal muscle. This comprises the final research trial for an MS student with projected completion of December 2017.</li> </ol>   Illinois Station: <ol> <li>Mice were genetically edited using tail-effector-like endonuclease technology (TALEN) to mimic the naturally occurring IGF2 G3072A mutation prevalent in pigs. Mice containing a mutation that disrupted the binding of a transcriptional repressor of IGF2 were successfully generated and characterized. Pigs with similar mutations display increased muscle growth but reduced fat deposition. In contrast, mice experienced increased muscle growth, increased fat deposition and increased organ weights.</li> <li>In our ongoing work to determine the role of myostatin in muscle growth in pigs, we investigated whether epigenetic mismodifications accounted for the lack of viability in myostatin null pigs. While epigenetic changes were present when comparing the unmodified fibroblast cell line with that of cloned pigs, there was no obvious epigenetic change that accounts for the lack of viability in myostatin null pigs.</li> <li>The abundance of beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes in beef tissues was determined by Western blotting. All three subtypes of beta-adrenergic receptors were detected in beef muscles (longissimus lumborum and psoas major), organs (lung, heart, kidney, and liver), and adipose tissues (visceral, subcutaneous, and intramuscular). Beta-1 receptor abundance was greater in muscle compared with fat tissue but beta-2 abundance was more similar between muscle and fat. Between the tissues investigated, abundance of beta-3 receptors did not vary.</li> </ol>   Indiana Station: <ol> <li>Pten is a phosphatase that antagonize growth factor (IGF1) signaling. We reported deletion of Pten in embryonic myoblasts leads to postnatal muscle hypertrophy but disrupts satellite cell homeostasis (Yue et al, 2016, Cell Reports).</li> </ol>   Iowa Station: <ol> <li>We completed tissue collection for our next experiment related to modification of the PGC-1α pathway via nutraceuticals. We have expanded our interventions to include quercetin, nicotinamide riboside, Lisinopril, and Prednisone and combinations thereof.  Preliminary analyses are underway and a histological and biochemical examination will begin soon. </li> </ol> <ol start="2"> <li>We confirmed dysfunctional autophagy in dystrophic skeletal muscle. Importantly, we are the first group to document release of autophagosomes, termed autophagosome escape, from dystrophic muscle.  Importantly, we also collected compelling evidence of this same phenomenon occurring in healthy muscle.  As they are found in the extracellular space, they may participate in paracrine signaling and considering the mass of muscle and that they escape the muscle environment may participate in endocrine signaling. </li> <li>We have begun experiments to better understand why autophagy is dysfunctional in dystrophic muscle, which are now focused on regulation of transcription factor EB, the primary transcription factor driving lysosome biogenesis.</li> </ol>   Minnesota Station: <ol> <li>When equine satellite cell myotube cultures were treated with 408-µM leucine in the presence or absence of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, suppressed phosphorylation of mTOR (P < 0.01) and rS6 (P < 0.01) with an increase in phosphorylation of rS6 in leucine-treated cultures observed when compared to control cultures (P < 0.05).  Similarly, there was a 27% increase (P < 0.005) in the hyperphosphorylated γ-form of 4E-BP1 compared to total 4E-BP1 in leucine treated cultures compared to control cultures with leucine-induced phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 completely blocked by rapamycin.  </li> </ol>   <ol start="2"> <li>Treatment of equine satellite cell myotube cultures with β-hydroxy-β-methlybutyrate (HMB) increased the protein synthesis signal transduction pathway (AKT – mTOR – S6 and 4EBP-1) in a dose dependent manner between 3 and 12 uM HMB ((P < 0.05).</li> </ol>   <ol start="3"> <li>Protein synthesis was evaluated in equine satellite cell myotube cultures treated with a leucine titration ranging from 0- to 408-µM. Our results show a 1.8-fold increase (P < 0.02) in protein synthesis at levels slightly greater than those found in the general circulation, 204- and 408-µM when compared to a no leucine control (0-µM). Puromycin incorporation, a nonradioactive surface sensing of translation (SUnSET) methodology, demonstrated a 180% increase (P = 0.0056) in puromycin incorporation in leucine compared to control cultures. </li> </ol> Mississippi Station: Effects of melatonin supplementation during gestation on fetal and neonatal muscle development in bovine offspring <ol> <li>It was determined that Melatonin supplementation during gestation increases the primary to secondary muscle fiber ratio in beef cattle offspring at 240days of gestation.</li> <li>Melatonin supplementation does not increase myogenic gene expression but does increase energy metabolism related expression. These findings indicate the potential for melatonin to act as a therapeutic agent during fetal development by changing the histological and metabolic disposition of skeletal muscle</li> </ol>   New Jersey Station: <ol> <li>Over the past funding cycle, this station characterized the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) in the skeletal muscle of untrained/unfit Standardbred horses (male and female) in response to an acute bout of maximal effort treadmill exercise. We also measured and assessed UPR biomarkers following an acute bout of maximal effort treadmill exercise in 12-week trained/fit Standardbred horses. These efforts revealed the UPR to be activated in untrained skeletal muscle after exercise but not in trained skeletal muscle. This station also characterized the skeletal muscle metabolome in response to acute exercise in untrained/unfit versus trained/fit Standardbred horses. These findings are together under manuscript preparation for publication in peer-reviewed journals.</li> <li>Over the past funding cycle, this station explored the mechanism by which dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves body composition in male and female mice. Specifically, we explored whether the transcription factor ATF4 is needed to increase food and fluid intake and energy expenditure, and improve body composition by regulating the hepatokine, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). It was determined that ATF4 is required for protection from adiposity but not for increased food and water intake, energy expenditure, or hepatic Fgf21 expression during SAAR and that FGF21 does not work exclusively through an ATF4-FGF21 axis. Whole body loss of Atf4 did not promote skeletal muscle loss to dietary SAAR.</li> </ol>   Utah Station: <ol> <li>Determination of mechanism through which decreased plane of nutrition in second trimester alters end-product quality of offspring in beef cattle <ol> <li>Samples were collected from offspring of mother cows that either maintained BCS during the second trimester (MAIN) or from cows that dropped one BCS during the second trimester of pregnancy. Samples were collected from the longissimus dorsi at weaning, prior to beginning the feedlot phase and immediately following harvest.</li> <li>Completed miRNA analysis of samples from weaning, the beginning of the feedlot phase and immediately following harvest. Ten different miRNA were analyzed using qRT-PCR methods.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Gained insight into how different organic pastures impact dairy heifer development. <ol> <li>A total of 6 animals per treatment were used to study 8 different pastures.</li> <li>Animal growth, serum IGF-1 concentration, blood urea nitrogen concentration, and parasite load were measured.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>   Washington Station: <ol> <li>During the past year, we are continuing to define mechanisms regulating myogenesis and early skeletal muscle development. In mice, we found that exercise during pregnancy can promote fetal muscle development, especially when mothers are obese and consuming a high fat diet. In addition, we found that vitamin A supplementation during the pregnancy and lactation enhances fetal and neonatal muscle development and overall animal growth, which was confirmed in beef cattle through neonatal vitamin A administration. Furthermore, we also observed enhanced marbling fat in steers derived from neonatal calves supplemented with vitamin A. In the following year, we will further define mechanisms regulating maternal impacts on fetal and neonatal muscle development.</li> </ol>   Wyoming Station: <ol> <li>Completed how insulin and T3 affects titin isoform switch in a RBM20-dependent manner in Rat skeletal muscle.</li> <li>Investigated how insulin and T3 affects different regions of titin splicing in skeletal muscle and potential molecular signaling pathway behind.</li> <li>Completed titin splicing pattern in different titin band in different type of muscles (Collaboration with NC State)</li> </ol>   Objective 2: Characterize the cellular and molecular basis of myogenesis   Alabama Station: Impact of in ovo thermal manipulation on broiler chicken muscle development, growth, and satellite cell activity. <ol> <li>Completed the live animal growth performance and carcass yield data collection and sample collection and cryohistology and immunofluorescence analysis portions of the project.</li> <li>Immunofluorescence data analysis is ongoing.</li> <li>Presented an abstract of growth performance and carcass yields at the 2018 Poultry Science Association annual meeting.</li> </ol>   Effects of dietary amino acid density on growth performance, satellite cell activity, collagen gene expression, and the incidence of wooden breast. <ol> <li>Completed the live animal growth performance and carcass yield data collection, sample collection, and data analysis portions of the project.</li> <li>Presented an abstract with collagen expression results at the 2018 Poultry Science Association annual meeting.</li> <li>Published the results in a peer-reviewed journal, Poultry Science.</li> </ol>   Indiana Station: <ol> <li>We demonstrated that Shisa2 regulates the fusion of muscle progenitors.</li> <li>Demonstrated transdifferentiation of muscle satellite cells to adipocytes.</li> </ol>   Michigan Station: <ol> <li>Examination of transcript abundance and DNA methylation patterns in longissimus dorsi muscle at two stages of pig fetal development revealed that differential methylation is enriched in gene regulatory regions and impacts genes associated with skeletal muscle development.</li> <li>Turkey hatchlings from a slow-growing random-bred control line (RBC2) and fast-growing line selected from RBC2 for 16-week body weight (F line) were brooded for 3 days at one of 3 temperatures: control (35°C), cold (31°C), or hot (39°C). Samples of the pectoralis major were harvested and subjected to RNA deep sequencing to determine whether genes were differentially expressed as a function of temperature.</li> </ol>   Nebraska Station: <ol> <li>Myoblasts from IUGR fetal sheep induced by maternal hyperthermia exhibit intrinsic deficits in proliferation and differentiation ex vivo. Using the traditional model of hyperthermia-induced placental insufficiency (PI) to produce IUGR fetuses in sheep, we found that PI-IUGR fetal myoblasts exhibited lower proliferation rates after three days in complete growth media than control fetal myoblasts whether incubated in the presences or absence of inflammatory cytokines. Likewise, fewer PI-IUGR fetal myoblasts were positive for the early differentiation marker Myogenin or the late differentiation marker desmin than control fetal myoblasts.</li> <li>Myoblasts from IUGR fetal sheep induced by maternofetal inflammation exhibit greater proliferation but intrinsically reduced differentiation ex vivo. In a new model of sustained LPS-induced maternofetal inflammation (MI) to produce IUGR, we found that MI-IUGR fetal myoblasts proliferated at greater rates after 3 days in complete growth media. Conversely, fewer MI-IUGR fetal myoblasts were positive for the differentiation markers Myogenin or desmin than control fetal myoblasts.</li> <li>Inflammatory adaptations that enhance TNFα and TLR4 signaling pathways in IUGR fetal muscle play a role in limiting myoblast function, particularly differentiation.</li> <li>Inflammatory adaptations alone likely do not explain all myoblast dysfunction in the IUGR fetus, as two experimental models for IUGR in sheep had similar effects on myoblast differentiation, insulin sensitivity, and muscle growth, but differing effects on myoblast proliferation.</li> </ol>   North Carolina Station: <ol> <li>Increased myostatin expression, resulting in muscle loss, has been associated with hyperammonemia in mammalian models of cirrhosis.</li> </ol>   Ohio Station: Effect of Thermal Stress on In Vivo Breast Muscle (with Michigan Station) <ol> <li>Poultry selected for growth have an inefficient thermoregulatory system and are more sensitive to temperature extremes.</li> <li>Satellite cells are precursors to skeletal muscle and mediate all post hatch muscle growth. Their physiological functions are affected by temperature.</li> <li>The objective of the current study was to elucidate the effects of continuous heat exposure the first 2 wk. of age on breast muscle development in broilers</li> <li>Results showed a high level of sensitivity in the satellite cells during the early post hatch period to chronic heat, leading to impaired myogenicity and increased fat.</li> <li>Growth selected turkeys respond to thermal stress through changes in genes predicted to downstream effects on muscle growth. Slower growing turkeys respond to thermal stress through the modulation of lipid related genes suggesting a reduction in lipid storage, transport, and synthesis.  These changes are consistent with energy metabolisms required to maintain body temperature.</li> </ol> Reduction in the Wooden Breast Myopathy (with Arkansas Station) <ol> <li>Male Cobb500 broilers were fed Quatum Blue. Quatum Blue improved feed conversion and breast weight. Only high doses of Quantum Blue reduced the severity of wooden breast.</li> <li>Reduced oxygen status altered the fate of the adult myoblasts and was accompanied by a loss of muscle repair.</li> </ol>   Wyoming Station: The role of RBM20 in regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration after injury.   <ol> <li>Completed muscle injury model in WT and RBM20 KO rats and investigated whether deficiency of RBM20 affects skeletal muscle regeneration. This work has been performed in rat model.</li> <li>Completed how RBM20 deficiency affect skeletal muscle regeneration after injury in Rat model. The manuscript is in preparation.</li> </ol>   Objective 3: Characterize mechanism of protein assembly and degradation in skeletal muscle   Utah Station: <ol> <li>Determination of mechanism through which decreased plane of nutrition in second trimester alters end-product quality of offspring in beef cattle <ol> <li>Analysis of mRNA expression to different muscle fiber types of the offspring at the beginning of the feedlot phase and at harvest was completed.</li> <li>Previously, we observed changes in miRNA expression in these samples. We are currently analyzing mRNA expression of the downstream targets of these miRNA.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Gained insight into the molecular mechanism responsible for development of beef tenderness during aging. <ol> <li>Samples were collected from the longissimus dorsi of steaks that had been aged for 14 days. Samples were then analyzed for tenderness with WBSF methods.</li> <li>Protein expression of HSPβ1, PARK7 and HSP70 was analyzed in 100 samples that vary in tenderness.</li> <li>An animal trial was conducted to determine the impact of pre-mortem stress on development of meat quality. We are currently analyzing these samples.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>

Publications

Collaborative Publications between Stations:   <ol> <li>Chen, Z., R. Maimaiti, C. Zhu, H. Cai, R. A. Stern, P. Mozdziak, Y. Ge, S. P. Ford, P.W. Nathanielsz, and W. Guo, 2018. Comprehensive characterization and RBM20 regulation of the Z-band and M-band titin splicing in striated muscles across species, muscle types and during development. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry (In Press).</li> </ol>   <ol start="2"> <li>Chen, Z., J. Song, L. Chen, C. Zhu, H. Cai, M. Sun, R. A. Stern, P.E. Mozdziak, and W. Guo, 2018. RBM20 regulation of TTN novex specific exons and splicing variation across species and their functional role in cardiomyopathies. Genes (In Press).</li> </ol>   <ol start="3"> <li>Maaenia, Y., M, S. B. Leeb, I.H. Ismaila, P. Mozdziak, and Y. S., Kim, 2018. Cloning of Japanese quail (Coturnix Japonica) follistatin and production of bioactive quail follistatin288 in E. coli</li> </ol>   <ol start="4"> <li>Barnes, N.E., Mendoza, K.E., Strasburg, G.M., Velleman, S.G., and Reed, K.M. 2018. Thermal challenge alters the transcriptional prolife of the breast muscle in turkey poults. Poult. Sci. (in press).</li> </ol>   <ol start="5"> <li>Flees, J., Greene, E., Anthony, N., Rochell, S., Kidd, M.,Walk, C., Velleman, S., Dridi, S. 2018. Quantum blue supplementation redues the severity of woody breast myopathy in broiler chicks. Poult. Sci. 97: (E-suppl. 1).</li> </ol>   <ol start="6"> <li>Zhao L, McMillan R, Xie G, Won S, Baumgard L, El-Kadi S, Selsby JT, Ross JW, Gabler NK, Hulver M, and Rhoads R. Heat stress decreases metabolic flexibility in skeletal muscle of growing pigs.  American Journal of Physiology – Regulatory, Integrative, and Comparative Physiology.  In Press.</li> </ol>   <ol start="7"> <li>Abuajemieh M, Kvidera SK, Mayorga EJ, Kaiser AR, Lei SM, Seibert JT, Horst EA, Sanz Fernandez VM, Ross JW, Selsby JT, Keating AF, Rhoads RP, and Baumgard LH. The effect of recovery time from heat stress on circulating bioenergetics variables and biomarkers of leaky gut.  Journal of Animal Science.  In Press. </li> </ol>   <ol start="8"> <li>Ganesan S, Brownstein A, Pearce S, Hudson M, Gabler NK, Baumgard L, Rhoads R, and Selsby JT. Prolonged environment-induced hyperthermia alters autophagy in oxidative skeletal muscle from Sus scrofa. Journal of Thermal Biology.  In Press. </li> </ol>   <ol start="9"> <li>Seelenbinder KM, Zhao LD, Hanigan MD, Hulver MW, McMillan RP, Baumgard LH, Selsby JT, Ross JW, Gabler NK, and Rhoads RP. Effects of heat stress during porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infaction on metabolic responses in growing pigs.  Journal of Animal Science.  96:1375-1387, 2018. </li> </ol>   <ol start="10"> <li>Ganesan S, Pearce S, Gabler NK, Baumgard LH, Rhoads RP, and Selsby JT. Short-term heat stress results in increased apoptotic signaling and autophagy in oxidative skeletal muscle.  Journal of Thermal Biology.  72:73-80, 2018.</li> </ol>   <ol start="11"> <li>Ganesan S, Summers CM, Pearce SC, Gabler NK, Baumgard LH, Rhoads RP, Valentine RJ, and Selsby JT. Short-term heat stress altered metabolism and insulin signaling in skeletal muscle.  Journal of Animal Science.  96:154-167, 2018. </li> </ol>   Publications (peer reviewed journals):   <ol> <li>Meloche, K. J., W.A. Dozier, III, and J. D. Starkey. 2018. Skeletal muscle growth characteristics and myogenic stem cell activity in broiler chickens affected by wooden breast. Poult. Sci. Accepted 6/10/18. doi: 10.3382/ps/pey287.</li> </ol> <ol start="2"> <li>Jones, M. K., K. E. Richardson, C. W. Starkey, N. M. Dale, and A. J. Davis. 2018. Impact of extended heat treatment on the amino acid digestibility and TMEn content of a formaldehyde-treated diet. J. Appl. Poult. Sci. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3382/japr/pfy038">https://doi.org/10.3382/japr/pfy038</a></li> <li>Jones AK, Hoffman ML, Pillai SM, McFadden KK, Govoni KE, Zinn SA, Reed SA. 2018. Gestational restricted- and over-feeding promote maternal and offspring inflammatory responses that are distinct and dependent on diet in sheep. Biol Reprod. 98:184-196. doi: 10.1093/biolre/iox174.</li> <li>Jones AK, Hoffman ML, Pillai SM, McFadden KK, Govoni KE, Zinn SA, Reed SA. 2018. Gestational restricted- and over-feeding promote maternal and offspring inflammatory responses that are distinct and dependent on diet in sheep. Biol Reprod. 98:184-196. doi: 10.1093/biolre/iox174.</li> <li>Farzaneh, M., F. Attari, S. E. Khoshnam, and P. E. Mozdziak, 2018. Chicken whole embryo culture system, the strong in-vitro model. British Poultry Science (In Press).</li> <li>Zand-vakili, M., A. Golkar-Narenji, H. Eimani, and P. E. Mozdziak, 2017. An in vitro study on cumulus oocyte complexes COCs and follicles of autotransplanted mouse ovaries with the effect of VEGF. Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association 18: 167-173.</li> <li>Shoeibi, S., P. Mozdziak, A. Golkar-Narenji, 2017. Biogenesis of selenium nanoparticles using green chemistry. Topics in Current Chemistry 375: 88.</li> <li>Farzaneh, M, S. E. Khoshnam, and P.E. Mozdziak, 2017. The evolution of chicken stem cell culture methods. British Poultry Science 68: 681-686.</li> <li>Farzaneh, M, S., E. Khoshnam, and P.E. Mozdziak. 2017. Concise review: avian multipotent stem cells as a novel tool for investigating cell based therapies. J. Dairy Veterinary Animal Research 5: DOI: 10.15406/jdvar.2017.05.00125.</li> <li>Farzaneh, M, S., N. Hossani, P.E. Mozdziak, and H. Baharvand. 2017. Avian embryos and related cell lines: a convenient platform for recombinant proteins and vaccines production. Biotechnology Journal 12: DOI 10.1002/biot.201600598/</li> <li>Stern, R. A., S. Dasarathy, and P.E. Mozdziak, 2017. Ammonia elicits a different myogenic response in avian and murine myotubes. In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. Animal. 53: 99-110.</li> <li>Bazgir, B., R. Fathei, M. Rezazadeh Valoujerd, P. Mozdziak, and A. Asgari, 2017. Satellite cell contribution to cxercise mediated muscle hypertrophy and repair: A review article. Cell Journal 18: 473-484.</li> <li>Chen, Z., R. Maimaiti, C. Zhu, H. Cai, R. A. Stern, P. Mozdziak, Y. Ge, S. P. Ford, P.W. Nathanielsz, and W. Guo, 2018. Comprehensive characterization and RBM20 regulation of the Z-band and M-band titin splicing in striated muscles across species, muscle types and during development. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry (In Press).</li> <li>Chen, Z., J. Song , L. Chen, C. Zhu, H. Cai , M.Sun, R. A. Stern, P.E. Mozdziak , and W. Guo, 2018. RBM20 regulation of TTN novex specific exons and splicing variation across species and their functional role in cardiomyopathies. Genes (In Press).</li> <li>Maaenia, Y., M, S. B. Leeb, I.H. Ismaila, P. Mozdziak, and Y. S., Kim, 2018. Cloning of Japanese quail (Coturnix Japonica) follistatin and production of bioactive quail follistatin288 in E. coli</li> <li>Barnes, N.E., K.M. Mendoza, G.M. Strasburg, S.G. Velleman and K.M. Reed. 2018. Thermal challenge alters the transcriptional profile of the breast muscle in turkey poults. Poultry Science. doi: 10.3382/ps/pey401.</li> <li>Daza, K.R., J.P. Steibel, D. Velez-Irizarry, N.E. Raney, R.O. Bates and C.W. Ernst. 2017. Profiling and characterization of a longissimus dorsi muscle microRNA dataset from an F2 Duroc x Pietrain pig resource population. Genom. Data. 13:50-53.</li> <li>Reed, K.M., K.M. Mendoza, G.M. Strasburg and S.G. Velleman, 2017. Response of turkey muscle satellite cells to thermal challenge. II. Transcriptome effects in differentiating cells. Frontiers in Physiology. 8:948.</li> <li>DeBoer, M.L., K. M. Martinson, M. S. Pampusch, A. M. Hansen, S. M. Wells, C. Ward, M. Hathaway. 2017. Cultured equine satellite cells as a model system to assess leucine stimulated protein synthesis in horse muscle. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=hathaway+deboer+ward">J Anim Sci.</a> 2018 Feb 15; 96(1):143-153.</li> <li>H.E.C Poli, K.J. Thornton-Kurth, J.F Legako, C. Bremm, V.S Hampel, J. Hall, I.R Ipharraguerre, J.J Villalba. 2018. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031938418303433">Self-selection of plant bioactive compounds by sheep in response to challenge infection with Haemonchus contortus</a>. Physiology & Behavior. 194: 302-310. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.06.013">doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.06.013</a></li> <li>Mizell, S.L. Miller, A.M. Royer, K.J. Thornton, M.D. Garcia. 2017. Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with growth and carcass traits located on QTL regions previously associated with bovine respiratory disease. Genetics and Molecular Research. 16(4).</li> <li>Wang, B., C. L. Harris, W. Nie, X. Fu, J. M. Deavila, M. J. Zhu, M. Maquivar, S. M. Parish, J. R. Busboom, M. L. Nelson, and M. Du. (2018). Neonatal vitamin A injection promotes cattle muscle development and increase oxidative muscle fibers. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, In press.</li> <li>Harris, C. L., B. Wang, J. M. Deavila, J. R. Busboom, M. Maquivar, S. M. Parish, B. McCann, M. L. Nelson, and M. Du. (2018). Vitamin A administration at birth promotes calf growth and marbling fat development in Angus beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 9: 55.</li> <li>Ma, Y.N., B. Wang, Z.X. Wang, N. A. Gomez, M. J. Zhu, and M. Du. (2018). Three dimensional spheroid culture of adipose stromal vascular cells for studying adipogenesis in beef cattle. Animal, 12: 2123-2129.</li> <li>Zhao, L., T. Zou, N. A. Gomez, B. Wang, M. J. Zhu, and M. Du. (2018). Raspberry alleviates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1. Nutrition & Diabetes, 8: 39.</li> <li>Zhang, S., Y. Zhang, X. Zhou, X. Fu, J. Michal, G. Ji, M. Du, and Z. Jiang. (2018). Alternative polyadenylation drives genome-to-phenome information detours in the AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 knockout mice. Scientific Report, 8: 6462.</li> <li>Li, T., J. Gao, M. Du, J. Song, and M. Du. (2018). Milk fat globule membrane attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity by inhibiting adipogenesis and increasing uncoupling protein 1 expression in white adipose tissue of mice, Nutrients, 10: 331.</li> <li>Zou, T., B. Wang, Q. Yang, J. M. de Avila, M. J. Zhu, J. You, D. Chen, and M. Du. (2018). Raspberry promotes brown and beige adipocyte development in mice fed high-fat diet through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) a Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 55: 157.</li> <li>Gao, J., J. Song, M. Du, and X. Mao. (2018). Bovine a-lactalbumin hydrolysates (a-LAH) ameliorate adipose insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat-diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. Nutrients, 10: 242.</li> <li>Maricelli, J. A., Y. M. Bishaw, B. Wang, M. Du, and B. D. Rodgers. (2018). Systemic SMAD7 gene therapy increases striated muscle mass and enhances exercise capacity in a dose-dependent manner. Human Gene Therapy, 29: 390-399.</li> <li>Zhu, M. J., Kang, Y., Y. Xue, X. Liang, M. P. Gonzalez Carcia, D. Rodgers, D. K. Kagel, and Du. (2018). Red raspberries suppress NLRP3 inflammasome and attenuate metabolic abnormalities in diet-induced obese mice. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 53:96-103.</li> <li>Xing, T., Y. Kang, X. Xu, B. Wang, M. Du, and M. J. Zhu. (2018). Raspberry supplementation improves insulin signaling and promotes brown-like adipocyte development in white adipose tissue of obese mice. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 2018, 62:1701035.</li> <li>Son, J. S., S. A. Chae, E. D. Testroet, M. Du, and H. Jun. (2018). Exercise-induced myokines: a brief review of controversial issues of this decade. Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism, 13: 51-58.</li> <li>Chen, Y., Y. Liu, M. Du, W. Zhang, L. Xu, X. Gao, L. Zhang, H. Gao, L. Xu, J. Li, M. Zhao. (2017). Constructing a comprehensive gene co-expression based interactome in Bos Taurus. PeerJ, 5: e4107.</li> <li>Wang, B., F. Zhang, H. Zhang, Z. Wang, Y. Ma, M. J. Zhu, and M. Du. (2017). Alcohol intake aggravates adipose browning and muscle atrophy in cancer associated cachexia. Oncotarget, 8: 100411-100420.</li> <li>Wang, B., X. Fu, X. Liang, J. M. Deavila, Z. Wang, L. Zhao, Q. Tian, J. Zhao, N. A. Gomez, S. C. Trombetta, M. J. Zhu, and M. Du. (2017). Retinoic acid induces white adipose tissue browning by increasing adipose vascularity and inducing beige adipogenesis of PDGFRa+ adipose progenitors. Cell Discovery, 3:17036.</li> <li>Fu, X., Q. Yang, B. Wang, J. Zhao, M. Zhu, S. M. Parish, and M. Du. (2017). Reduced satellite cell density and myogenesis in Wagyu compared to Angus cattle as a possible explanation of its high marbling. Animal, 9: 1-8.</li> <li>Gao, P. F., X. H. Guo, M. Du, G. Q. Cao, Q. C. Yang, Z. D. Pu, Z. Wang, Q. Zhang, M. Li, Y. S. Jin, X. J. Wang, H. Liu, and B. G. Li. (2017). LncRNAs profiling of skeletal muscles in Large White pigs and Mashen pigs during development. Journal of Animal Science, 95: 4239-4250.</li> <li>Wang, B., Z. Wang, M. de Avila, M. J. Zhu, F. Zhang, N. A. Gomez, L. Zhao, Q. Tian, J. Zhao, J. Maricelli, H. Zhang, B. D. Rodgers,andM. Du. (2017). Moderate alcohol intake induces thermogenic brown/beige adipocyte formation via elevating retinoic acid signaling. FASEB Journal, 31: 4612-4622.</li> <li>Wang, B., X. Fu, M.J. Zhu, and M. Du. (2017). Retinoic acid inhibits white adipogenesis by disrupting GADD45A mediated Zfp423 DNA demethylation. Journal of Molecular Cell Biology, 9: 338-349.</li> <li>Zhao, J. X., R. Su, W. Liu, Y. Ren, C. Zhang, M. Du, and J. Zhang. (2017). Effect of dietary Tartary buckwheat extract supplementation on growth performance, meat quality and antioxidant activity in ewe lambs. Meat Science, 134: 79-85.</li> <li>Zhao, J., Q. Yang, L. Zhang, X. Liang, X. Sun, B. Wang, Y. Chen, M. J. Zhu, and M. Du. (2017). AMPKa1 deficiency suppresses brown adipogenesis in favor of fibrogenesis during brown adipose tissue development. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 491: 508-514.</li> <li>Zhao, J., K. Li, Q. Yang, M. Du, X. Liu, and G. Cao. (2017). Enhanced adipogenesis in Mashen pigs compared with large white pigs. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 16: 217-225.</li> <li>Du, M., S.P. Ford, and M. J. Zhu. (2017). Optimizing livestock production efficiency through maternal nutritional management and fetal developmental programming. Animal Frontiers, 7: 5-11.</li> <li>Wang, S., X. Liang, Q. Yang, X. Fu, M. Zhu, B.D. Rodgers, Q. Jiang, M. V. Dodson, and M. Du. (2017). Resveratrol enhances brown adipocyte formation and function by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) a1 in mice fed high-fat diet. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 61: 1600746.</li> <li>Wang B., X. Fu, X. Liang, Z. Wang, Q. Yang, T. Zou, W. Nie, J. Zhao, P. Gao, M. J. Zhu, J. M. De Avila, J. Maricelli, B. D. Rodgers, and M. Du. (2017). Maternal retinoids increase PDGFRa progenitor population and beige adipogenesis in progeny by stimulating vascular development. EBioMedicine, 18:288-299.</li> <li>Yates DT, Petersen JL, Schmidt TB, Cadaret CN, Barnes TB, Posont RJ, Beede KA. 2018. Fetal origins of impaired muscle growth and metabolic dysfunction: Lessons from the heat-stressed pregnant ewe. J Anim Sci 96:2987-3002.</li> <li>Cadaret CN, Yates DT. 2018. Retrieval practices are more beneficial to long-term information retention when spaced 5 days after introducing physiology topics compared to 1 day afterward. Adv Physiol Educ 42:305-10.</li> <li>Carroll JA, TB Schmidt, TR Callaway, JG Wilson, JR Donaldson. 2017. Use of a novel oleaginous microorganism as a potential source of lipids for weanling pigs. Translational Animal Science. 1(2):201–207.</li> <li>Mittek M, Psota ET, Carlson JD, Pérez LC, Schmidt TB, Mote B. 2018. Tracking of group-housed pigs using multi-ellipsoid expectation maximization. IET Computer Vision.12:121-128.</li> <li>Barnes, N.E., Mendoza, K.E., Strasburg, G.M., Velleman, S.G., and Reed, K.M. 2018. Thermal challenge alters the transcriptional prolife of the breast muscle in turkey poults. Poult. Sci. (in press).</li> </ol> <ol start="52"> <li>Spaulding HR and Selsby JT. Is exercise the right medicine for dystrophic muscle?  Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise.  In Press.  4/5/18.</li> </ol> <ol start="53"> <li>Zhang B, Zhang J, Zhang C, Zhang X, Ye J, Kuang S, Sun G, Sun X. 2018. Notoginsenoside R1 protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy through activating estrogen receptor  and its downstream signaling. Front Pharmacol. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01227</li> </ol> <ol start="54"> <li>Sadri B, Goswami D, Sala de Medeiros M, Pal A, Castro B, Kuang S, Martinez RV*. 2018. Wearable and Implantable Epidermal Paper-based Electronics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 10(37):31061- 8. doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b11020. PMID: 30141320</li> </ol> <ol start="55"> <li>Kong Y, Cheng L, Mao F, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Farah E, Bosler J, Bai Y, Ahmad N, Kuang S, Li L, Liu X*. 2018. Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis overcomes enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). J Biol Chem. 293(37):14328-41. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA118.004442. PMID: 30089652</li> </ol> <ol start="56"> <li>Oprescu SN, Horzmann KA, Yue F, Freeman JL, Kuang S*. 2018. Microarray, IPA and GSEA Analysis in Mice Models. Bio-Protocol. 8(17): e2999. DOI: 10.21769/BioProtoc.2999</li> </ol> <ol start="57"> <li>Pal A, Goswami D, Cuellar HE, Castro B, Kuang S, Martinez RV*. 2018. Early detection and monitoring of chronic wounds using low-cost, omniphobic paper-based smart bandages. Biosens Bioelectron.117:696-705. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.060">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.060</a> PMID: 30014943</li> </ol> <ol start="58"> <li>Yu H, Waddell JN, Kuang S, Tellam RL, Cockett NE, Bidwell CA. 2018. Identification of genes directly responding to DLK1 signaling in Callipyge sheep. BMC Genomics. 19(1):283. doi: 10.1186/s12864-018-4682-1. PMID: 29690867</li> </ol> <ol start="59"> <li>Xiong Y, Xu Z, Wang Y, Kuang S*, T Shan*. 2018. Adipocyte-specific DKO of Lkb1 and mTOR protects mice against high-fat diet induced obesity but results in insulin resistance. J Lipid Res. 59(6): 974-81. doi:10.1194/jlr.M081463 PMID: 29636366</li> </ol> <ol start="60"> <li>Yin F, Xu R, Hu S, Zhao K, Yang S, Kuang S, Li Q, Han Q. 2018. Enhanced Mechanical and Biological Performances of an Extremely Fine Nanograined 316L Stainless Steel Cell-Substrate Interface Fabricated by Ultrasonic Shot Peening. ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 4(5): 1609-21. DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00173</li> </ol> <ol start="61"> <li>Xiong Y, Yue F, Jia Z, Yun Gao, Jin W, Hu K, Zhang Y, Zhu D, Yang G, Kuang S*. 2018. A novel brown adipocyte-enriched long non-coding RNA that is required for brown adipocyte differentiation and sufficient to drive thermogenic gene program in white adipocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1863(2018):409-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.01.008 PMID: 29341928</li> </ol> <ol start="62"> <li>Gavin TP, Ernst JM, Kwak HB, Caudill SE, Reed MA, Garner RT, Nie Y, Weiss JA, Pories WJ, Dar M, Lin CT, Hubal MJ, Neufer PD, Kuang S, Dohm GL. 2018. High incomplete skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation explains low muscle insulin sensitivity in poorly controlled T2DM. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 103(3):882-9. doi: 10.1210/jc.2017-01727. PMID: 29155999</li> <li>Chen Y, Wang J, Yang S, Utturkar S, Crodian J, Cummings S, Thimmapuram J, San Miguel P, Kuang S, Gribskov M, Plaut K, Casey T. 2017. The Effect of High Fat Diet on Secreted Milk Transcriptome in Mid-lactation Mice. Physiol Genomics, 49(12): 747-62. doi: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00080.2017. (APSselect Award). PMID: 29093195</li> <li>Cadaret CN, Merrick EM, Barnes TB, Beede KA, Posont RJ, Petersen JP, Yates DT. 2018. Sustained maternal inflammation during the early third trimester yields fetal adaptations that impair subsequent skeletal muscle growth and glucose metabolism in sheep. Translational Animal Sci. 2(suppl1):S14-S18. doi.10.1093/tas/txy047.</li> <li>Posont RJ, Beede KA, Limesand SW, Yates DT. 2018. Changes in myoblast responsiveness to TNF⍺ and IL-6 contribute to decreased skeletal muscle mass in intrauterine growth restricted fetal sheep. Translational Animal Science. 2(suppl1):S44–S47. doi:10.1093/tas/txy038.</li> <li>Barnes TB, Beede KA, Merrick EM, Cadaret CN, Cupp AS, Yates DT. Impaired muscle stem cell function in cows with high concentrations of androstenedione in their follicular fluid. Translational Animal Science. 2(suppl1):S27–S30. doi:10.1093/tas/txy050.</li> <li>Kubik RM, Tietze SM, Schmidt TB, Yates DT, Petersen JP. 2018. Investigation of the skeletal muscle transcriptome in lambs fed β adrenergic agonists and subjected to heat stress for 21 d. Translational Animal Science. 2(suppl1):S53–S56. doi:10.1093/tas/txy053.</li> <li>Duffy EM, Tietze SM, Knoell ND, Aluthge ND, Fernando SC, Schmidt TB, Yates DT, Petersen JP. 2018. Rumen bacterial composition in lambs is affected by β adrenergic agonist supplementation and heat stress at the phylum level. Translational Animal Science. 2(suppl1):S145–S148. doi:10.1093/tas/txy052.</li> <li>Coble, K. F., D. D. Burnett, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokach, J. M. Gonzalez, F. Wu, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband, J. C. Woodworth, and J. Pluske. 2018. Effect of diet type and added copper on growth performance, carcass characteristics, energy digestibility, gut morphology, and mucosal mRNA expression of finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 96(8):3288-3301.</li> <li>Humphrey, R. M., Z. Yang, M. S. Hasan. J. K. Htoo, D. D. Burnett, M. Crenshaw, and S. Liao. 2018. The compensatorily-gained pigs resulted from feeding a methionine-deficient diet had more fat and less lean body mass. Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition 6:E6. doi:10.1017/JAN.2018.5.</li> <li>Thompson, R. C., K. J. McCarty, C. O. Lemley, M. Crenshaw, T. Smith, and D. D. Burnett. 2018. Effect of maternal melatonin supplementation during late gestation on relative expression of adipogenic genes in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of bovine fetuses at 240 days of gestation. J. Anim. Sci. In press.</li> </ol> Book Chapters: None Abstracts, Posters, and Professional Presentations: <ol> <li>Ferreira, T. Z., L. Kindlein, J. Meloche, S. Vieira, V. Nascimento, and J. D. Starkey. 2018. Characterization of myogenic stem cell populations in broiler chickens affected with the Wooden Breast myopathy. Poult. Sci. Vol. 97 (E-Suppl 1).</li> <li>Starkey, J. D., C. W. Starkey, and A. Morey. 2018. Integration of student e-portfolio use into the Auburn University poultry science curriculum. Poult. Sci. Vol 97 (E-Suppl 1).</li> <li>Starkey, J. D., R. B Shirley, A. L. Welsher, J. Tejeda, L. F. Spencer, and C. W. Starkey. 2018. Effect of dietary protein source and litter condition on growth performance and meat yield of broiler chickens reared to 46 days of age. Poult. Sci. Vol. 97 (E-Suppl 1).</li> <li>W. Starkey, R. B Shirley, A. L. Welsher, O. J. Tejeda, L. F. Spencer, and J. D. Starkey. 2018. Effect of dietary protein source and bacillus subtilis probiotic (Alterion®) supplementation on growth performance and meat yield of broiler chickens reared to 46 days of age. Poult. Sci. Vol. 97 (E-Suppl 1).</li> <li> E. Powell, O. J. Tejeda, J. D. Starkey, and C. W. Starkey. 2018. Effect of particle size and proportion of fines in growth performance of broiler chickens reared to 21 days of age. Poult. Sci. Vol. 97 (E-Suppl 1).</li> <li> F. Spencer, A. J. Calderon, O. J. Tejeda, K. Estes, B. Barton, T. Powell, J. D. Starkey, and C. W. Starkey. 2018. Effect of increased dietary choline chloride concentrations on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens reared to 32 days of age. Poult. Sci. Vol. 97 (E-Suppl 1).</li> <li> J. Calderon, L. F. Spencer, O. J. Tejeda, K. Estes, B. Barton, T. Powell, C. W. Starkey, and J. D. Starkey. 2018. Effect of increased dietary choline chloride concentrations on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens reared to 66 days of age. Poult. Sci. Vol. 97 (E-Suppl 1).</li> <li>Tejeda, O. J., K. J. Meloche, and J. D. Starkey. 2018. Effect of early incubation temperature variation on broiler chicken growth performance and carcass parts yield. Poult. Sci. Vol. 97 (E-Suppl 1).</li> <li>Martin, D.E., A.K. Jones, M.L. Hoffman, S.M. Pillai, K.E. Govoni, S.Z. Zinn, and S.A. Reed. 2018. Effects of poor maternal nutrition during gestation on the offspring muscle metabolome.</li> </ol> <ol start="10"> <li>Govoni, K.E., S.A. Reed, and S.A. Zinn Cell Biology Symposium: Poor maternal nutrition during gestation alters whole body and cellular metabolism in offspring</li> </ol> <ol start="11"> <li>Reed, S.A. Meat Science and Muscle Biology Symposium: Roles for inflammation in livestock muscle growth and repair.</li> </ol> <ol start="12"> <li>Iannitti, H.R., A. K. Jones, M. L. Hoffman, S. M. Pillai, K. E. Govoni, S. A. Zinn, and S. A. Reed. Effects of poor maternal nutrition during gestation on offspring oxidative stress</li> </ol> <ol start="13"> <li>Maimaiti Rexiati, Mingming Sun and Wei Guo, RBM20 Deficiency Postpones Skeletal Muscle Regeneration after Injury and Promotes Fibrotic Tissue Formation. EB Meeting. 2018. Abstract 5067. Poster A676.</li> </ol> <ol start="14"> <li>Maimaiti Rexiati, Mingming Sun and Wei Guo, RBM20 Modulates Myofiber Maturation and Skeletal Muscle regeneration. Myofilament Meeting, Madison, Wisconsin, 2018. Abstract and Poster 40. Page 123</li> <li>Krieger, J. A. Yesinovskiy, P. Mozdziak, and M. Kim, 2018. Developing scaleable production methods for cultured pork and turkey meat: beyond. Proceedings of the Recprocial Meat Conference.</li> <li>Corbett, R.J., N.E. Raney and C.W. Ernst. 2018. Transcriptional and genome-wide methylation profiling in fetal pig skeletal muscle. Plant and Animal Genome XXVI Conference. San Diego, CA. https://pag.confex.com/pag/xxvi/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/28250. Invited Oral Presentation.</li> <li>Daza, K., Velez-Irizarry, S. Casiro, J.P. Steibel, N.E. Raney, R.O. Bates and C.W. Ernst. 2018. Genomic co-localization of microRNA expression QTL target genes with phenotypic QTL in the Michigan State University Duroc x Pietrain pig resource population. Plant and Animal Genome XXVI Conference. San Diego, CA. https://pag.confex.com/pag/xxvi/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/30021.</li> <li>Dressel, T.N., D. Velez-Irizarry, R.L. Griffin, B.A. Wolfer, N.E. Raney and C.W. Ernst. 2018. Association of alleles at the leptin receptor gene locus with leptin receptor expression and carcass composition phenotypes in a pig resource population. J. Anim. Sci. 96(Suppl. 2):273-274.</li> <li>Ford, L.M., R.J. Corbett, K.R. Daza, N.E. Raney and C.W. Ernst. 2018. Identification and expression profiling of novel microRNA in pig fetal skeletal muscle. J. Anim. Sci. 96(Suppl. 2):269.</li> <li>Wolfer, B.A., K.R. Daza, D. Velez-Irizarry, N.E. Raney, V.D. Rilington and C.W. Ernst. 2018. Temporal expression patterns of twelve genes during fetal and postnatal skeletal muscle development in pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 96(Suppl. 2):272-273.</li> </ol> <ol start="21"> <li>Strasburg, G.M. 2017. Influence of Post-hatch Thermal Challenge on Turkey Breast Muscle Gene Expression. Presentation given at the annual meeting of the NC1184 USDA Multi-state Project Meeting, October 20, 2017, Gainesville, FL</li> </ol> <ol start="22"> <li>Dylan J. Klein, Emily T. Mirek, Tracy G. Anthony and Kenneth H. McKeever (2018) Exercise Training in Standardbred Horses Alters the Skeletal Muscle Metabolome and Plasma Amino Acid Profile: Implications for the “Athlete’s Paradox”. Abstract Number: 855.27. Published: April 20, 2018. https://www.fasebj.org/doi/abs/10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.855.27</li> </ol> <ol start="23"> <li>Tracy G. Anthony, "Dietary Sulfur Amino Acid Restriction (SAAR) and the Integrated Stress Response: Role of eIF2 kinases versus ATF4” presented on August 7, 2018, at the FASEB Science Research Conference entitled, Nutrient Sensing and Metabolic Signaling.</li> </ol> <ol start="24"> <li>Tracy G. Anthony, “Exercise and the Integrated Stress Response”, presented in the session on Exercise and Energy Restriction to Improve Health: The Crossroads of Energetics and Protein Turnover at the ACSM Conference on Integrative Physiology of Exercise, San Diego, CA on Sept 7, 2018.</li> </ol> <ol start="25"> <li>Tracy G Anthony, “Dietary Sulfur Amino Acid Restriction and the Integrated Stress Response”, presented at the Department of Nutritional Sciences Seminar Series at Rutgers University, Sept 12, 2018</li> </ol> <ol start="26"> <li>Tracy G Anthony, “Dietary Sulfur Amino Acid Restriction and the Integrated Stress Response”, presented at Iowa State University, Department of Animal Sciences, Sept 26, 2018.</li> <li>Yates DT - Nebraska Sheep & Goat Producers Association, 2018. Impact of Maternal Stress on muscle growth & metabolism in the fetus & offspring.</li> <li>Cadaret CN - Western Section, American Society of Animal Science, 2018. Sustained maternal inflammation during the early third trimester yields fetal adaptations that impair subsequent skeletal muscle growth and glucose metabolism in sheep.</li> <li>Posont RJ - Western Section, American Society of Animal Science, 2018. Changes in myoblast responsiveness to TNF⍺ and IL-6 contribute to decreased skeletal muscle mass in intrauterine growth restricted fetal sheep. Translational Animal Science.</li> <li>Barnes TB - Western Section, American Society of Animal Science, 2018. Impaired muscle stem cell function in cows with high concentrations of androstenedione in their follicular fluid.</li> <li>Kubik RM - Western Section, American Society of Animal Science, 2018. Investigation of the skeletal muscle transcriptome in lambs fed β adrenergic agonists and subjected to heat stress for 21 d.</li> <li>Duffy EM - Western Section, American Society of Animal Science, 2018. Rumen bacterial composition in lambs is affected by β adrenergic agonist supplementation and heat stress at the phylum level.</li> <li>L T Honegger, B N Harsh, J E Beever, D Boler, A C Dilger; (2018) Comparative Analysis of the Porcine IGF2-G3072A Mutation and Reduced Myostatin Function on Carcass and Meat Quality Characteristics. Journal of Animal Science, Volume 96 (Supplement 2) 105–106. Midwest Meeting of ASAS and ADSA, Omaha, NE. March 2018.</li> </ol>   Theses and Dissertations: <ol> <li>“Fit As A Horse: From Skeletal Muscle Metabolism to Whole Body Physiology", a Doctoral Dissertation by Dylan Joseph Klein submitted to the Rutgers University School of Graduate Studies with a 2 year embargo on publication to allow for research articles currently under preparation to be published first.</li> <li>"Role of ATF4 in Dietary Sulfur Amino Acid Restriction", a Master’s Thesis by Nicholas Margolies submitted to the Rutgers University School of Graduate Studies with a 2 year embargo on publication to allow for research articles currently under preparation to be published first.</li> <li>Xiaoxing Xu, Plan A MS degree (2016 Spring – 2018 Summer), “The effect of neonatal administration of recombinant myostatin propeptide on skeletal muscle growth in ”</li> <li>Taylor Barnes. 2018. MS Thesis: “Stress and other factors and their effect on skeletal muscle growth and metabolism; Strengths-based lab groups improve learning of undergraduate anatomy and physiology concepts.”</li> <li>Rachel Kubik. 2018. MS Thesis: “Genomic investigation of beta agonist supplementation and heat stress in livestock species.”</li> <li>Jessica Lancaster. 2018. MS Thesis: “Utilization of Depth - Enabled Identification and Tracking System to Identify and Track Individual Pigs and Analyze Individual Pig Activity.”</li> <li>Lauren Kett. 2018. MS Thesis: “Evaluation of the Interaction of Beta-Adrenergic Agonists Supplementation and Heat Stress on Growth Performance and Carcass Composition in Feeder Lambs.”</li> <li>Martin, D.E. 2018. The Effects of Poor Maternal Nutrition on Offspring Muscle Metabolism. M.S. Thesis. Univ. Connecticut, Storrs, CT.</li> <li>Bailey Harsh. PhD Thesis. Effects of ractopamine hydrochloride on nutrient digestibility, environmental nitrogen excretion, regulation of skeletal muscle growth and beta-receptor subtypes in finishing beef steers. August, 2018</li> <li>Thompson, R. C. 2018. Effect of maternal melatonin supplementation during late gestation on programming and metabolic disposition of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in bovine offspring. M. S. Thesis, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS.</li> </ol>

Impact Statements

Committee members have redoubled their efforts to conduct collaborative research to better leverage the resources and expertise of the individual members on the complex and dynamic objectives outlined by this group. These efforts have yielded grants, publications, and datasets that have contributed to these objectives and are outlined below.

Date of Annual Report: 01/06/2020

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 10/24/2019 - 10/26/2019
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2018 - 09/30/2019

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

The annual NC1184 technical committee meeting was held on October 25 and 26, 2019 at the Mississippi State Animal and Dairy Science Building, hosted by Dr. Derris Burnett of the Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University. On October 25^th, the group was welcomed by Dr. Wes Burger, Director of the Mississippi State Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, who shared information about the area, college, and experiment station. The group then began with oral station reports.

At 9 AM, the group had a conference call with Dr. Mark Mirando, USDA/NIFA, who outlined current funding opportunities, the USDA NIFA budget, statistics on the number of proposals submitted annually and funding rates, and an update on NIFA’s move from Washington, D.C. to Kansas City. A question and answer session followed Dr. Mirando’s update. After the call with Dr. Mirando, the groups continued with station reports.

A lunch break was kindly provided by the meats group at MSU. After lunch, station reports continued in the afternoon. At the conclusion of the station reports, Dr. Dave Gerrard discussed the needs for the project re-write.

The group voted to hold the 2021 meeting at the University of Georgia, to be hosted by Dr. John Gonzalez.

That evening, the group met for dinner at the MAFES Enology Laboratory. The following morning, the group met at the Mississippi State Animal and Dairy Science Building for tours of the new building, labs, classrooms, and the new Meat Science lab.

The 2020 meeting will be held at the University of Connecticut, hosted by Dr. Sarah Reed.

Minutes Attachment:

NC1184 2019 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report 20200106 final.docx

Accomplishments

Accomplishments:   Objective 1: Characterize the signal transduction pathway that regulates skeletal muscle growth and metabolism including the influence of endogenous growth factors and various production practices.   South Dakota Station: <ol> <li>Experiments related to coated and non-coated steroidal implants in finishing steers detailing molecular, physiological, and feedlot growth performance in both a large (performance only) and small pen setting were completed. Information on satellite cell populations, muscle isoform type, and carcass quality grade were also investigated.</li> </ol>   Wyoming Station: <ol> <li>RBM20-dependent regulation of muscle gene splicing in skeletal muscle. <ol> <li>Evaluated how insulin and thyroid hormone (T3) regulates gene splicing in a RBM20-dependent manner in rat skeletal muscle.</li> <li>Investigated how insulin and T3 regulates gene splicing through cell signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>   Alabama Station: <ol> <li>Characterization of myogenic stem cell heterogeneity and fiber morphometrics in two divergently selected broiler chicken lines. Published a peer-reviewed journal article in Poultry Science and presented results to Alabama poultry industry professionals at stakeholder meetings.</li> <li>Impact of in ovo thermal manipulation on broiler chicken muscle development, growth, and satellite cell activity. Presented an abstract at the 2019 Poultry Science Association and shared results with stakeholders that will change the way poultry hatchery managers manage incubators in commercial broiler hatcheries to improve muscle growth efficiency and meat yield in broilers.</li> </ol>   Mississippi Station: <ol> <li>Research trial using 60 heifers subjected to determine the impact nutrient restriction and maternal melatonin supplementation during gestation on offspring growth and development. This project involves a team of reproductive physiologists, veterinarians, and growth biologists. C-sections conducted at 240 days to collect the developing fetus for necropsy and muscle sample collection.</li> <li>Research trial using 80 commercial hogs in which the temporal and spatial regulation of marbling growth and development along the length of the LM will be determined. We have collected over 700 biopsy samples for analysis in this project. Characterization of adipogenic, myogenic, and other regulatory gene expression is ongoing.</li> </ol>   Illinois Station: <ol> <li>An experiment to determine the effects of with porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus infection and mitigation of that infection by soy isoflavone supplementation on muscle and adipose tissue deposition was completed. Despite a reduction in feed intake from the infection, compensatory gain was not altered in infected animals.</li> </ol>   Kansas Station: <ol> <li>A decrease in glycolytic flux alters the localization of metabolic proteins and promotes a loss of muscle mass.</li> <li>Activation of insulin signaling via Akt/S6K rescues muscle mass.</li> </ol>   California Station: <ol> <li>Determined that feeds enriched with alternative methionine sources (roasted cowpea and sunflower seed meal) affected broiler growth and was associated with reduced white striping in breast muscle, relative to a typical conventional commercial diet.</li> </ol>   Florida Station: <ol> <li>Developed and validated gel electrophoresis method for separation of bovine myosin heavy chain isoforms</li> <li>Established parameters of mitochondria function differ in longissimus muscle of heat tolerant (Brahman, Bos indicus) vs. heat stress susceptible (Angus, Bos taurus) steers</li> </ol>   Idaho Station: <ol> <li>Evaluated the role of polyamines in bovine and commercial myoblast cell lines determination, differentiation, proliferation and fusion.</li> <li>Evaluated the impacts of adipocytes on the differentiation and fusion of cultured myoblasts/myocytes.</li> <li>Assessed the stage specific impact of varied doses of polyamines on the myogenic regulatory factor mRNA abundance</li> </ol>   Indiana Station: <ol> <li>Used cell and molecular biology techniques, animal models and human subjects to study molecular regulation of muscle growth and metabolism. Trained 3 postdoctoral fellows, 5 graduate students and 3 undergraduate students in various research projects; developed new research techniques (methods).</li> </ol> Iowa Station: <ol> <li>Completed an objective evaluation of autophagic dysfunction in limb muscle and diaphragm in two mouse models of DMD.</li> <li>Constructed a working model of heat stress-mediated muscle dysfunction that posits heat stress causes mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent impairments in autophagy. Missing from this model, however, was a heat-sensitive trigger linking heat stress-mediated changes to mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction.  Our most current data indicate that the Ca2+ pump, SERCA, is modified with heat stress, which would necessarily impair its capacity to clear Ca2+, and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction.  Moreover, this may be related to changes in thyroid hormone.</li> <li>Discovered that barrows are resistant to heat stress-related muscle dysfunction. This resistance extended to a host of variables, pathways, and cellular processes that we have previously reported were dysfunctional in gilts subjected to similar thermic challenges.  Moreover, this resistance was repeatable as it was found in an independent set of barrows subjected to a similar heat stress. </li> </ol>   North Carolina Station: <ol> <li>Demonstrated that chicken myotubes respond positively to ammonia while rodent myotubes respond negatively.</li> <li>Demonstrated that ammonia induces a fast fiber type shift in avian muscle, but a slow phenotype shift in mammalian</li> </ol>   Nebraska Station: <ol> <li>Identified likely mechanisms underlying intrinsic deficits in functional capacity of IUGR fetal myoblasts. Reduced capacity for proliferation and differentiation was associated with increased responsiveness to inflammatory signals, including TNFα, TLR4, and IL-6.</li> </ol>   Texas Station: <ol> <li>Generated high –throughput RNA sequence of microRNAs from 74 longissimus lumborum biopsies from F3 Bos indicus x Bos taurus steers. These sequence data are coupled with extensive meat and carcass phenotypes.</li> <li>Student researchers presented data at scientific conferences and evaluated the impacts of specific microRNAs on meat quality attributes including tenderness and intramuscular fat deposition.</li> <li>Analyses of sequence data are currently being evaluated.</li> </ol>   Utah Station: <ul> <li>Determined that estrogen (E2) and trenbolone acetate (TBA) work through a non-genomic mechanism to increase proliferation of primary bovine satellite cells. <ol> <li>Primary bovine satellite cells were isolated from six beef calves that weighed approximately 600 pounds and had never received an implant. Cells were then grown in culture and treated with actinomycin D (AD), a non-specific inhibitor of translation. Treatments included control, control + AD, E2 + AD, and TBA + AD.</li> <li>We found that both TBA and E2 are able to increase proliferation of bovine satellite cells in the presence of AD, indicating that both TBA and E2 increase proliferation through a non-genomic mechanism.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Gained insight into the relationship between TBA and polyamines and how these different molecules work to increase proliferation and differentiation of primary bovine satellite cells <ol> <li>Primary bovine satellite cells were isolated from six beef calves weighing approximately 600 pound each that had never received an implant before. Cells were then grown in culture and treated as a control or with TBA, a polyamine precursor (methionine or ornithine) or one of the polyamines (putrescine, spermine or spermidine).</li> <li>We found that TBA, polyamines and polyamine precursors are all capable of increasing the proliferation rate of bovine satellite cells.</li> </ol> </li> </ul>   Connecticut Station: <ol> <li>Effects of restricted maternal nutrition and realimentation during gestation on ovine fetal muscle development <ol> <li>Histological analysis of fetal muscle tissues (days 50, 90, and 130) to determine changes in fiber cross-sectional area, Pax7(+) cells, and muscle fiber typing is complete and the manuscript is in progress.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Effects of poor maternal nutrition during gestation on ovine fetal muscle development <ol> <li>Completed proteomic analysis of longissimus dorsi muscle from offsprin gof over-, restricted- and control-fed ewes at days 90 and 135 of gestation and within 24 hours of birth. Proteomics data has been statistically analyzed and is currently being processed for final preparation for publication.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>   Washington Station: <ol> <li>Defining the roles of retinoic acid signaling in early skeletal muscle development. <ol> <li>Vitamin A administration in neonatal calves can enhance muscle growth, which results in higher lean/fat ratio and better meat quality.</li> <li>Continue to define the molecular mechanisms regulating early formation of muscle cells and test the role of retinoic acid signaling in early embryonic development and mesoderm formation.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>   Virginia Station: <ol> <li>Heat stress induces metabolic adaptations in meat production animals which decrease lean mass and increase adiposity. <ol> <li>Could be mediated through alpha-AR expression, as alpha2-ARs are inhibitory to the beta-AR pathway and direct nutrients away from oxidation towards storage. Alpha-AR expression is increased during HS and appears negatively correlated with measures of animal performance.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Calcium and phosphate are necessary for normal muscle development, and deficiencies cause altered satellite cell function and reduced muscle accumulation. <ol> <li>Dietary deficiency reduced proliferating satellite cells in vivo compared to adequate and excess diets. However, in vitro SC from excess diets tended to proliferate less than SC from adequate diets with deficient diets being intermediate and not different from the two. Similarly, myoblast fusion rates were greatest in adequate diets.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Citrulline supplementation to sheep and horses (155 ug/kg) results in increased plasma citrulline, arginine, and glutamine. No differences in capillary density were noted. </li> <li>Determination of dietary and physiological factors that control muscle growth in neonates, and whether nutritional manipulations could be used to enhance growth in the perinatal period. <ol> <li>Despite receiving the same amount of diet per unit of body weight, the efficiency of protein deposition was greater in pigs fed intermittently compared to those fed continuously. This increase is ascribed to a greater stimulation of protein synthetic pathways by intermittent feeding and occurred in response to a rise in insulin and amino acids.  Current work is focused on understanding whether the beneficial effects of intermittent feeding on muscle growth will also enhance the development of other vital organs in the body.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Completed a study that looked at long-term branched-chain amino acid supplementation as dietary intervention to enhance growth of low-birthweight neonatal pigs.</li> </ol>   Objective 2: Characterize the cellular and molecular basis of myogenesis   Wyoming Station: <ol> <li>The role of RBM20 in the regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration. <ol> <li>Completed muscle injury model in WT and RBM20 KO rats and investigated whether deficiency of RBM20 affects skeletal muscle regeneration.</li> <li>Investigated how deficiency of RBM20 impairs the process of muscle regeneration.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>   Alabama Station: <ol> <li>Effects of dietary amino acid density on growth performance, satellite cell activity, collagen gene expression, and the incidence of wooden breast in broilers. <ol> <li>Ongoing work is being conducted to investigate the impact of reducing dietary amino acid density during the starter period and how it impacts the progression of satellite cell function and collagen infiltration in wooden breast affected broilers.</li> </ol> </li> <li>Effect of maternal and post-hatch dietary inclusion of 25-hydroxycholecalciferal (25OHD3) on broiler chicken muscle growth characteristics and in vivo satellite cell activity <ol> <li>Determining the effects of dietary inclusion of the vitamin D metabolite, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in commercial broiler production systems will positively impact the way the poultry industry feeds broiler breeder hens and their offspring to improve feed efficiency and meat yield.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>   Illinois Station: <ol> <li>Work is ongoing to characterize the influence of infection during gestation on offspring muscle development. To date, two cohorts of sows have been infected with porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus during mid-gestation.</li> </ol>   Kansas Station: <ol> <li>Damaged muscle tissue results in activation of the innate immune system which further drives muscle degeneration.</li> <li>Histological measurement of poultry pectoralis major muscle from embryos injected with 2.5 mM of nicotinamide riboside at day 10 of incubation, indicate there was no effect on muscle fiber cross-sectional area. Therefore, it is hypothesized improvements in pectoralis major muscle weight may have been due to increases in muscle fiber number during myogenesis.</li> <li>Injecting nicotinamide riboside into the yolk of avian embryos at day 10 of incubation did not increase muscle mitochondria content.</li> </ol>   California Station: <ol> <li>When feeding feeds formulated with alternative methionine sources (roasted cowpea and sunflower seed meal) relative to a typical conventional commercial diet, pectoralis major muscle showed no changes in myogenesis yet reduced levels of expression for markers related to inflammation, adipogenesis, and foam cell differentiation of macrophages.</li> </ol>   Ohio and Michigan Stations: <ol> <li>Effect of Thermal Stress on In Vivo Breast Muscle Growth in Turkeys <ol> <li>Poultry selected for growth have an inefficient thermoregulatory system and are more sensitive to temperature extremes</li> <li>Objective of the current study was to study the effect of cold and hot extremes for the first 3 days after hatch in growth selected and random bred turkeys not selected for growth during the period of maximal satellite cell activity</li> <li>Results of deep RNA sequencing showed growth selected birds alter genes resulting in reduced muscle growth while slower growing random bred birds responded with changes in lipid related genes suggesting changes in gene expression linked to reduced lipid storage.</li> <li>Changes with immediate post hatch thermal stress are consistent with maintaining energy metabolism needs required to maintain body temperature.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>   Idaho Station: <ol> <li>Evaluated temporal effects of polyamine exposure and variation within two distinct and commonly utilized commercial myoblast cell lines; C2C12 and Sol8 cells.</li> <li>Completed the first experiments validating the expression of muscle specific genes in sablefish (Anoploma fimbria) and these serve as important resources for comparative physiological analyses between vertebrate species.</li> </ol>   Nebraska Station: <ol> <li>Demonstrated that disproportional skeletal muscle growth restriction in IUGR fetal sheep is improved by intermittent maternal oxygen supplementation. Skeletal muscle glucose metabolism was also improved at 1 month of age in these lambs.</li> </ol>   New Jersey Station: <ol> <li>The PI embarked on a sabbatical in the laboratory of Joshua Rabinowitz at Princeton University to learn how to conduct stable isotope tracing to measure skeletal muscle metabolism.</li> </ol>   Texas Station: <ol> <li>Initiated analysis of muscle from horses, cattle, and swine for mitochondrial number, function (including the novel mitochondrial capacity analysis, high-resolution respirometry), and health, as well as fiber type, fiber size, and cells involved in fiber regeneration or breakdown. Antioxidant status (glutathione peroxidase or superoxide dismutase activities, for example) will be determined in both blood and skeletal muscle.</li> </ol>   Utah Station: <ul> <li>Gained insight into the relationship between HSPβ1 expression and development of tenderness following an ACTH stress challenge in cattle <ol> <li>Samples were collected from the longissimus lumborum of steaks from animals following an ACTH challenge at 2, 12, 24 or 48 hours post challenge. An additional sample was collected at 14 days post-mortem.</li> <li>Protein expression of HSPβ1, HSPA, PARK7, p-HSPβ1, troponin and tropomyosin was analyzed. We also analyzed serial samples for cortisol levels and a blood CBC.</li> <li>We observed that there was no difference in expression of any proteins in samples collected at different time points following a stress challenge. However, the stress response varied in animals and that was correlated with expression of HSPβ1. We are currently doing additional analyses to further explore this relationship.</li> </ol> </li> </ul>   Connecticut Station: <ol> <li>Effects of interleukin-8 on myoblast function <ol> <li>Initiated projects to characterize the effects of the cytokine interleukin-8 on myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and protein accretion.</li> </ol> </li> </ol>   Objective 3: Characterize mechanism of protein assembly and degradation in skeletal muscle   New Jersey Station: <ol> <li>Continued to examine the impact of dietary sulfur amino acid restriction on skeletal muscle protein synthesis using deuterium oxide as a metabolic tracer. Reported that restricting methionine to 0.12 g per 100 g diet (on a zero cysteine background) reduces skeletal muscle protein fractional synthesis rate. A milder, more conventional diet that lowers methionine to 0.17 g per 100 g diet (also zero cysteine) reduced skeletal muscle protein fractional synthesis rates similarly.</li> <li>Initiated development of ribosomal profiling in tissues from mice to reveal the skeletal muscle translatome following changes in nutritional status or activity. We have generated preliminary data in liver and next up will be skeletal muscle. The ultimate goal is to conduct ribosomal profiling in the tissues of mice which received deuterium oxide so two measures of muscle protein synthesis can be compared directly.</li> </ol>

Publications

Collaborative Publications: Apaoblaza A, Gerrard SD, Matarneh SK, Wicks JC, Kirkpatrick L, England EM, Scheffler TL, Duckett SK, Shi H, Silva SL, Grant AL, D.E.  Gerrard.  <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31734468">Muscle from grass- and grain-fed cattle differs energetically.</a>  Meat Sci. 2019 Nov 6;161:107996. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.107996.   Smith, Z.K., B.P. Holland, A.B. Word, G.I. Crawford, W.N. Nichols, B.L. Nuttleman, M.N. Streeter, J.P. Hutcheson, and B.J. Johnson. 2019. Effects of a single intial and delayed release implant on arrival compared with a non-coated initial implant and a non-coated terminal implant in heifers fed across various days on feed. Translational Animal Science doi: 10.1093/tas/txz127   Smith, Z.K., J.K. Kim, and B.J. Johnson. 2019. Biological responses to coated and non-coated steroidal implants containing trenbolone acetate and estradiol benzoate in finishing steers. J Anim Sci Accepted on Aug. 26, 2019: JAS-2019-3369.R2   Yang, Z., M.S. Hasan, J.K. Htoo, D.D. Burnett, J.M. Feugang, M.A. Crenshaw, and S.F. Liao. 2019. Effects of dietary supplementation of L-methionine vs. DL-methionine on performance, plasma concentrations of free amino acids and other metabolites, and myogenesis gene expression in young growing pigs. Transl. Anim. Sci. 3:113-123. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txy109">https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txy109</a>.   Barnes, N.E., K.M. Mendoza, G.M. Strasburg, S.G. Velleman and K.M. Reed. 2019. Thermal challenge alters the transcriptional profile of the breast muscle in turkey poults. Poult. Sci. 98:74-91.   Ahmadpoura, A., C.C. Reichhardta, R.G. Christensena, N.E. Inecka, G.K. Murdoch, and K.J. Thornton Understanding the relationship between trenbolone acetate and polyamines relative to proliferation of bovine satellite cells. Submitted to Domestic Animal Endocrinology for review   Chen Z., R. Maimaiti, C. Zhu, H. Cai, A. Stern, P. Mozdziak, Y. Ge, S.P. Ford, P.W. Nathanielsz, and W. Guo. 2018. Z-band and M-band titin splicing and regulation by RNA binding motif 20 in striated muscles. J Cell Biochem. 119:9986-9996. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.27328">https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.27328</a>   Zhao, L., Y. Huang, and M. Du. (2019). Farm Animals for Studying Muscle Development and Metabolism: dual purposes for animal production and human health. Animal Frontiers, 9:3.   Zhang, S., Y. Zhang, X. Zhou, X. Fu, J. Michal, G. Ji, M. Du, and Z. Jiang. (2018). Alternative polyadenylation drives genome-to-phenome information detours in the AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 knockout mice. Sci Rep, 8: 6462.   Wang, B., C. L. Harris, W. Nie, X. Fu, J. M. Deavila, M. J. Zhu, M. Maquivar, S. M. Parish, J. R. Busboom, M. L. Nelson, and M. Du. (2018). Neonatal vitamin A injection promotes cattle muscle development and increase oxidative muscle fibers. J Animal Sci Biotech, 9: 82.   Li, X., X. Fu, G. Yang, and M. Du. (2019). Review: Enhancing intramuscular fat development via targeting fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells in meat animals. Animal, In press.   Book Chapters: None   Abstracts, Posters, and Professional Presentations: Baumgard, LH, Rhoads RP, Ross JW, Keating AF, Gabler NK, and Selsby JT.  The intestinal, metabolic, inflammatory and production responses to heat stress.  Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP), Ghent, Belgium August, 2019.    Selsby JT, Ganesan S, Rhoads RP, and Baumgard LH.  The heat is on: heat stress induces radical change in skeletal muscle.  American Society of Animal Scientists, Austin, TX, July, 2019.   Theses/Dissertations: Lisa Armbruster: (MS) Myogeneic and Anabolic Gene Expression in Red and White Muscle of Sablefish during Grow Out. University of Idaho   Stephen Tamm: (MS) Impact of adipocytes on the microniche, proliferation and fusion of cultured myoblasts. University of Idaho   Antonetta Colacchio (MS) Association of carcass maturity grade and genes associated with growth in young heifers. University of Idaho   Avani Gouru (MS) Myogeneic transcription factors and ornithine decarboxylase mRNA are influenced by polyamine supplementation in vitro. University of Idaho   Racheal Lemire (MS) Mississippi State University   Randi Owen (MS) Use of EconomasE to improve mitochondrial biogenesis and capacity in young performance horses. Texas A&M   Hannah Valigura (MS) Influence of supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on inflammation in young horses. Texas A&M   Zhongyue Yang (MS) Effects of dietary supplementation of L-methionine vs DL-methionine on performance, plasma concentrations of free amino acids and metabolites, and myogenesis gene expression in young growing pigs. Mississippi State University   Amanda Liefeld (MS) Effects of restricted maternal nutrition and re-alimentation on fetal muscle development during mid and late gestation in sheep. University of Connecticut   Nicholas Margolies (MS) Role of ATF4 in Dietary Sulfur Amino Acid Restriction. Rutgers   Robert Posont (MS) Understanding neonatal pathophysiology and intervention strategies after sustained maternal inflammation during late gestation. University of Nebraska   Matthew Simmons (MS) A quantitative genetic analysis of the ancestry of Neil Trask line bred Hereford cattle. Texas A&M   Oscar Tejeda (MS) Impact of in ovo thermal manipulation on broiler chicken growth performance, carcass yields, and satellite cell mitotic activity and fiber morphometrics. Auburn University   Graham Williford (Master’s of Agriculture) Texas A&M   Hannah Spaulding (PhD) Stimulation of PGC-1α to attenuate Duchenne muscular dystrophy disease pathology and activate autophagy. Iowa State University   Amanda Brandt (PhD) Regulation of satellite cells by extrinsic factors during recovery from exercise in horses. Virginia Tech   Caitlin Cadaret (PhD) Effects of fetal inflammatory adaptations to maternal stress on subsequent muscle growth and metabolic function. University of Nebraska   Mingming Sun (PhD) Molecular mechanism of Rbm20 in pre-mRNA splicing and its new role in glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle. University of Wyoming   Chaoqun Zhu (PhD) Molecular mechanisms of Rbm20 in titin splicing and heart failure. University of Wyoming   Dylan Klein (PhD) Fit as a Horse: from Skeletal Muscle Metabolism to Whole Body Physiology. Rutgers   Rachel Allyssa Stern (PhD) Myogenic Response to Ammonia Differs Between Avian and Mammalian Species. North Carolina State University   Christine Latham (PhD) Delineating factors that impact lifetime musculoskeletal health in the horse. Texas A&M

Impact Statements

Insulin and T3 can regulate muscle gene splicing in a RBM20 dependent manner through non-genomic pathway in heart muscle, but both genomic and non-genomic pathways in skeletal muscles. RBM deficiency alters myogenic regulatory factor expression and myoblast function