NCCC215: Potato Breeding and Genetics Technical Committee

(Multistate Research Coordinating Committee and Information Exchange Group)

Status: Active

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SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[07/05/2023] [02/08/2024] [01/30/2025]

Date of Annual Report: 07/05/2023

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 12/05/2022 - 12/06/2022
Period the Report Covers: 12/05/2022 - 12/05/2022

Participants

Participants Attachment:

2022 NCCC215 attendance list[1].xlsx

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

NCCC215 meeting minutes 2022.docx

Accomplishments

Accomplishments  Wisconsin <ul> <li>With funding from USDA NIFA, the Endelman Lab at UW-Madison continues to invest in the development of computational tools for genomics-assisted breeding of potato (and other polyploids). Caraza-Harter and Endelman (2022) demonstrated the use of tools for multi-parental genetic mapping to investigate the genetic architecture of potato maturity. </li> <li>Using data from the UW-Madison potato breeding program, Endelman (in press) and Pandey et al. (2023) illustrates the power of new software for the analysis of complex datasets spanning multiple traits and environments. The software includes new approaches to modeling inbreeding depression and the computation of restricted selection indices.</li> <li>Despite the theoretical advances for polyploid breeding, there are intrinsic advantages to breeding at the diploid level. Endelman is spearheading the analysis of allelic diversity at several key potato genes, such as CDF1for potato maturity and an2 for potato skin color. </li> </ul>   Michigan <ul> <li>Breeding: Scab resistance, late blight resistance and PVY resistance is being introgressed into advanced breeding lines for the chip processing and table markets.</li> <li>Genome sequencing: the doubled monoploid, DM1S1 was sequenced mostly by Nanopore long read sequencing.  A manuscript was accepted for publication. </li> <li>Diploid potato breeding: the genetics of self-compatibility is being studied; EBN1 wild species are being accessed using bridge crossing; dihaploids are being extracted by all the breeding programs to establish a diploid cultivated gene pool. Over 100 dihaploids are female fertile. These form the foundation for a diploid breeding program.</li> <li>Genetic engineering: potatoes have been engineered to be drought tolerant and late blight resistant.</li> <li>Multi-institution grants have been obtained as well as publications.</li> </ul>   North Dakota The NDSU potato breeding program conducts breeding, development and cultivar release of potato genotypes across all market classes, including red-skinned selections for the fresh market, round, white-skinned genotypes primarily for chip processing, dual-purpose russets (largely for French fry processing), and specialties with unique skin and flesh colors/patterns. Our project aims to release improved potato cultivars for grower, industry, and consumer adoption. Additionally, we contribute to production knowledge and guidelines. To address the needs of our potato producers and industry two research objectives address our basic goals: <ol> <li>Develop economically viable and sustainable potato cultivars and germplasm adapted to the Northern Plains region.</li> <li>Evaluate and adopt breeding tools and emerging technologies for improving potato breeding efficiency. </li> </ol>   <ul> <li>New research specialist, Kelly Peppel, on-boarded in early January (NIFA funding).</li> <li>Dakota Russet accepted by McDonalds for McFries (March 2022).</li> <li>Planning and preparing for the Peltier Complex and the Potato Quality Lab (opening Spring 2024).</li> <li>Dakota Dawn, the first specialty cultivar from our breeding program, was released (March 2022).    </li> </ul>   Current awards   <table width="101%"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="16%"> NAME (List/PD #1 first)   </td> <td width="26%"> SUPPORTING AGENCY AND AGENCY ACTIVE AWARD/PENDING PROPOSAL NUMBER </td> <td width="16%"> TOTAL $ AMOUNT </td> <td width="20%"> EFFECTIVE AND EXPIRATION DATES </td> <td width="19%"> TITLE OF PROJECT </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="16%">   Douches, Endelman, Thompson, Shannon           </td> <td width="26%">   USDA/NIFA                 </td> <td width="16%">   $1,600,000                 </td> <td width="20%">   09/01/21 - 08/31/23               </td> <td width="19%">   Development of multipurpose potato cultivars with enhanced quality, disease and pest resistance – North Central Region, 2021-2023     </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="16%"> Endelman, Bethke, Buell, Douches, Shannon   </td> <td width="26%"> USDA SCRI </td> <td width="16%"> $3M </td> <td width="20%"> 9/1/19 – 8/31/23 </td> <td width="19%"> Creating a new paradigm for potato breeding and seed production based on true potato seed </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>     Outreach   Douches, D. Montcalm Research Center Field Day, August 2022. Douches, D. Variety Trial Field Day, Montcalm County, August 2022. Douches, D. Potato Variety Day, MI, February 2022.  Douches, D. Diploid potato breeding was the one of the invited talks at the Michigan Winter Potato Conference in February 2022.   Thompson, S. Genetic Improvement and Potato Cultivar Development for the Northern Plains. Northern Plains Potato Growers Association Research Reporting Conference. February 15, 2022. (invited) Thompson, S. Tuber Storage Quality: Sugars and Starch. International Crops Expo. Potato Program. February 17, 2022. (invited) Thompson, S. Genetic Improvement and Potato Cultivar Development for the Northern Plains. MN Area II Potato Shortcourse. February 22, 2022. (invited) – Cancelled due to storm so recorded and available on Andy Robinson’s website) Thompson, S. Let’s Talk Potatoes. North Dakota Nutrition Council Webinar. April 27, 2022. (invited) BL Farnsworth, NC Gudmestad, JS Pasche, GA Secor, and S Thompson (presenter).  Dakota Dawn: A unique and flavorful specialty fresh market cultivar. July 19, 2022. Potato Association of America 106th Annual Meeting. Missoula, MT. Thompson, S. NDSU Potato Breeding. Oakes Field Day. Oakes Research Extension Center. August 4, 2022. (invited) Thompson, S. Dakota Russet. NDSU Research Foundation Meeting. August 12, 2022. NDSU President’s Office. (invited) Thompson, S. NDSU Potato Breeding Program Update. NPPGA Field Day (Larimore/Hoople sites). August 25, 2022. (invited) Thompson, S. NDSU Potato Breeding Update. MN Area II Research meeting. November 14, 2022. Informal round-table discussion.   Workshops and continuing education opportunities Polyploid Workshop. January 13-14, 2022. Via Zoom.  Coordinated by David Byrne and the SCRI group (Development and Validation of Genetic/Genomic/Analytical Tools for Polyploid Crop Plants). USDA Research Partners Meeting. January 26, 2022. Via Zoom.  Coordinated by Dr. Mike Grusak. NDCSPGA Annual Meeting. February 16, 2022. Hosted by Kent Sather, NDSSD.

Publications

Impact Statements

Dakota Russet accepted by McDonalds for McFries (March 2022).

Date of Annual Report: 02/08/2024

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 12/05/2023 - 12/06/2023
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2023 - 12/31/0203

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

Please see attached file below for NCCC215's annual meeting minutes and report.

Minutes Attachment:

2023 NCC215 minutes Final.pdf

Accomplishments

Publications

Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 01/30/2025

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 12/10/2024 - 12/11/2024
Period the Report Covers: 12/07/2023 - 12/10/2024

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

Michigan State University Breeding - The MSU potato breeding and genetics program is actively producing new germplasm and advanced seedlings that are improved for long-term storage chipping, and resistance to scab, late blight, and Colorado potato beetle.  For the 2024 field season, progeny from about 250 crosses were planted and evaluated.  Of those, the majority were crosses to select for round whites (chip-processing and tablestock), with the remainder to select for yellow flesh, red skin, and specialty market classes. During the 2024 harvest, about 600 selections in a field with high levels of scab were made from the 25,000 seedlings produced.  Most of these first-year selections are segregating for PVY resistance.  All second, third or fourth-year potential chip-processing selections will be tested in January and April 2025 directly out of 45°F (7.2°C) storage.  At the 12-hill and 30-hill evaluation state, about 200 and 60 selections were made, respectively; based on chip quality, specific gravity, scab resistance, late blight resistance and DNA markers for PVY resistance.  Most of our advanced selections now have PVY resistance.  Selection in the early generation stages has been enhanced by the incorporation of the scab and late blight (US-23) evaluations of the early generation material. We are pushing our early generation selections from the 30-hill stage into tissue culture to minimize PVY issues in our breeding and seed stock.  Chip-Processing - Over 80% of the single hill selections have a chip-processing parent in their pedigree.  We prioritize scab resistance and PVY resistance in our chip-processing selections. Our most promising advanced chip-processing lines are MSBB058-1 (scab resistant), MSDD244-05, MSDD247-07 and MSDD247-11 all combine high specific gravity, earlier maturity and lower blackspot bruising as well as scab and PVY resistance.  We have some newer lines to consider such as from the FF and GG generations. With a successful late blight trial in 2023 and 2024, we were able to confirm resistance in some of our advanced selections. We are using the NCPT trials to identify promising new selections more effectively. Tablestock - Efforts have been made to identify lines with good appearance with an attractive skin finish, low internal defects, good cooking quality, high marketable yield and resistance to scab, late blight and PVY.  From our breeding efforts we have identified mostly round white lines, but we also have several yellow-fleshed and red-skinned lines, as well as some purple skinned selections that carry many of the characteristics mentioned above. PVY resistance is incorporated into these different table market classes.  Some of the tablestock lines were tested in on-farm trials in 2024, while others were tested under replicated conditions at the Montcalm Research Center.  Promising tablestock lines include MSGG135-1R which is scab and PVY resistant.  We are excited about MSFF031-6 as a scab and PVY resistant round white and MSGG039-11Y as a PVY resistant yellow table line. Scab - Based upon scab trial, scab resistance is very strong in the breeding program.  We lead the nation in scab resistant lines.  This is evident in the NCPT.  The scab nursery data is also incorporated into the early generation selection evaluation process at Lake City. In the past three years, almost all the advanced selections in the breeding program have moderate to high levels of scab resistance.  Late Blight - In 2024 we conducted late blight trials at the MSU campus. We inoculated with the US23 genotype and obtained high levels of infection in the susceptible border plants.  The infection progressed and we were able to confirm late blight resistance for Mackinaw, Huron Chipper and numerous breeding lines. PVY - We are using PCR-based DNA markers to select potatoes resistant to PVY.  Each year since 2013 we are making new crosses, making selections, and expanding the germplasm base that has PVY resistance.  In the past year we tested over 600 progeny for the PVY resistance marker. The marker positive selections were evaluated at Lake City Research Center.  With the development of molecular markers for potato breeding, marker-assisted selection has been incorporated into our routine breeding practice and greatly facilitate the selection process. The advanced selections from the breeding program were evaluated in a field PVY trial on campus in 2024.  The results validated the lines carrying the markers for PVY resistance.  Currently 69% of the selections in the breeding program have PVY resistance with the majority (over 90%) of the advanced breeding lines having PVY resistance. Colorado Potato Beetle - We made crosses with the best CPB resistant inbred line ‘431”. Using inbred 431 will more likely transmit resistance to a greater percentage of the progeny because the genes related to insect resistance are more likely fixed from inbreeding. In 2023 and 2024 we made selections in the families for tuber appearance on the survivors at the end of the season. We will run detached leaf bioassays in the winter to screen the selfed progeny for resistance.  Further crosses will be made with the resistant lines so we can further adapt the beetle resistant germplasm. Diploid Breeding - We are now placing more emphasis on the diploid breeding effort because of the advantages the breeding system brings when we introduce the ability to self-pollinate a line.  We have used some inbred lines of S. chacoense that have fertility and vigor to initiate our efforts to develop inbred lines with our own diploid germplasm.    Through 10 years of crossing and selecting we have bred diploid breeding lines that yield and size as well as tetraploid potato varieties.  From 2021-24, we yield tested about over 260 breeding lines.  In 2021 over 30 lines were equal or better than Lamoka and Atlantic in yield.    2022-24 data validate the results from the past years so we are confident that we can develop potato varieties with this new breeding approach.  We are also identifying more lines will excellent tuber appearance. University of Minnesota Potato Diversity - With collaborators on the potato 2.0 SCRI we have developed a panel of 97 potato dihaploids generated from diverse commercial tetraploid material. Our lab has been responsible for the selection, characterization, maintenance and distribution of this material. This diversity panel has been distributed to multiple interested academic and industry labs and is undergoing disease testing for submission to the US potato genebank. We have sequenced this population to 20X coverage using Illumina short reads and Sapphire Coronejo (APS graduate student) has used this data to discover that while potato has very high diversity it somewhat unexpectedly has a very low genome wide historical recombination rate A graduate student, Dr. Muyideen Yusuf built genomic selection models for yield and quality traits based on image analysis software previously developed in our lab. This work is published in The Plant Genome (Yusuf et al., 2024). He extended this work by combining genomic and phenomic selection demonstrating that relationship matrices built from UAV generated spectral data predicts yield better than genomic selection and combining them is the most predictive. This work is under review at the Plant Genome. Finally, Dr. Yusuf extended this work to predicting nitrogen use efficiency from drone data.  Our work developing tools for genomic and phenomic selection are also published in Endelman et al. (2024) and Feldman et al. (2024) and meta-analysis of community data showing evidence of adaptation in the National Chip Processing Trial is published in Agha et al. (2024).  We have developed partially inbred diploid lines which we grew out in the field for phenotyping this year and continue to cross dihaploids and male fertility donors to generate diploid F1s. We continue to breed tetraploid potatoes in 4 market classes: red, yellow, russet, and chip. We generated new F1s with a crossing block and evaluated and selected clones from FY1 to FY7. We submitted clones to regional trials in WI, ND, MI, NC, and FL as well as the National Chip Processing Trial. We also conducted small-scale grower trials for some of our fresh market varieties. We continue to grow our phenotyping capacity to target grower concerns. Undergraduate We developed a protocol for evaluating black spot bruise susceptibility. In collaboration with Dr. Ashish Ranjan in plant pathology we evaluated breeding program varieties for susceptibility to scab and verticillium wilt in nurseries at our trial site. We have mapped a novel QTL for black dot resistance to chromosome 3 using data from collaborators at NDSU and found multiple QTL for powdery scab resistance using  RenSeq  based on data from collaborators at NDSU. We have conducted our second year of an experiment looking at the effect of genotype and mid-season heat on seed potatoes in collaboration with the physiology group at USDA Fargo. Wisconsin <ul style="font-weight: 400;"> <li>Authored/co-authored 6 publications on potato breeding and genetics</li> <li>Oral presentations at meetings for the Potato Association of America, the Plant and Animal Genome, the International Conference on Quantitative Genetics, and the Agronomy Society of America</li> <li>2 varieties in the SNAC chip trial, 25 clones in the National Chip Processing Trial, 2 clones in the National Fry Processing Trial</li> <li>New USDA-NIFA-AFRI grant to develop and apply software for haplotype reconstruction and genetic analysis in pedigreed potato (and other tetraploid) populations</li> <li>Over 10,000 lb of seed shipped to cooperators for trialing</li> </ul>  North Dakota State University <ul> <li>1,265 flower clusters were pollinated with a success rate of 45.7% of clusters forming fruit; 263 new families were created. Creation of new families focused on incorporation of disease and pest resistance with nearly 50% of families having a PVY resistant parent.</li> <li>In the single-hill nursery, 129 NDSU families, more than 25,000 genotypes were grown, with 215 selections from the NDSU seedling production retained. More than 25,000 unselected seedling tubers (sizes 2-4) were shared with the breeding programs in Idaho, Maine, Texas, Colorado and Minnesota. Out-of-state unselected seedlings were received from ID, ME, TX and CO; 122 out-of-state selections were retained.</li> <li>Field trials were conducted at three irrigated sites (Larimore and Oakes, ND, and Hubbard, MN) and three non-irrigated locations (Crystal, Hoople and Fargo) predominantly in grower-cooperator fields. Promising fresh market selections include ND113207-1R, ND1241-1Y, ND1243-1PY, and many more. Outstanding chip processing selections included ND7519-1, ND7799c-1, ND1241-1Y, ND13220C-3, ND1734-4, and ND1852-10. The ND13220C-3 was in the SNAC trial in 2024 with excellent performance at many locations. Fifteen selections with interesting skin/flesh colors and possessing pest/stress resistance(s) were compared to 4 specialty cultivars in the organic demonstration trial on the NDSU campus. Urban agriculturalists and food artisans are the focus for these selections with improved nutritional attributes, organic potential and unique culinary opportunities.</li> <li>The NDSU potato breeding project participated in an extension opportunity at the Minnesota Arboretum (Farm at the Arb) with RD Offutt Company, the NDSU/UMN extension project, and the UMN potato breeding program, and Michaels Foods. NDSU advancing selections, ND1241-1Y and ND13244-1PPintoP were included with Red Norland and Russet Burbank and a red-skinned, white fleshed selection from UMN.</li> <li>Outstanding selections continuing in the potato breeding pipeline are ND113207-1R (an attractive, high yielding, red skinned white fleshed selection for the fresh market), ND1241-1Y (a dual-purpose, yellow skinned and fleshed, high yielding selection), ND13220C-3 (an environmentally resilient chip processing selection with very high yield potential, and moderate resistance to Verticillium wilt and other diseases), ND13244-1PPintoP (specialty fresh market with purple and white splashed skin and violet flesh), ND1762-19Russ (a russet skinned selection with French fry processing potential and low sugar accumulation), and many others across all market types.</li> </ul> OUTREACH Minnesota We participated in the NCPT and associated meetings, the Sand Plains Research Farm Potato Field Day (Becker MN), The Northland Potato Grower's Association Field Day (Hoople, Larimore, and Inkster ND), the Minnesota Area II Potato Growers Short Course (St. Cloud MN), The Wisconsin Potato and Vegetable Growers Association Winter Meeting (Stevens Point, WI), The Area II and NPGA research planning meeting (Alexandria MN), Plant Breeding Day at the Bell Museum (St Paul MN), The Potato Dig at the Minnesota Landscape Arboretum (St Paul MN).  Wisconsin <ul style="font-weight: 400;"> <li>Presentations at the Wisconsin Potato and Vegetable Growers Conference and the UW Hancock and Rhinelander Field Days</li> <li>Article about potato virus Y resistance published in the Badger Common’Tater</li> </ul>   North Dakota State University Presentations Breeding and Development of Resilient Potato Cultivars for the Northern Plains. 2024 International Crops Expo. February 231, 2024. Invited Reducing Bruising 2024 International Crops Expo. February 22, 2024. Invited. Grand Farm Field Day Crop Breeder Panel. Casselton, ND. March 13, 2024. Invited. Spuddles, Vader Tots and Small Fries: Let’s Talk Potatoes! Field to Fork Series. Virtual. March 13, 2024. Invited. Next Gen Ag Panel ‘Everything Potatoes’. Fargo, ND. April 10, 2024. Invited. NDSU Potato Breeding. NDSU Horticulture Club. NDSU Ag Week. April 16, 2024. Invited. Potatoes 101. RDO Scout School. June 25, 2024. Invited. Developing Robust Potato Cultivars for the Northern Plains. Produce Marketing Association North America (PMANA). Grand Farm. Casselton, ND. July 16, 2024. Invited. NDSU Potato Breeding Update. OREC Field Day. August 1, 2024. Invited. Developing Robust Potato Cultivars. Northland Potato Growers Association Annual Field Day. August 22, 2024. Larimore, Inkster and Hoople, ND. Invited.

Publications

Refereed publications Agha, HI, JB Endelman, J Chitwood-Brown, M Clough, J Coombs, WS DeJong, DS Douches, CR Higgins, DG Holm, R Novy, MFR Resende, V Sathuvalli, AL Thompson, GC Yencho, L Zotarelli, LM Shannon. 2024. Genotype-by-environment interactions and local adaptation shape selection in the US National Chip Processing Trial. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 137:99.   Chen, Z, AL Thompson, J Jyoti, HM Hatterman-Valenti. 2024. Influence of storage conditions on four chipping potato cultivars developed in North Dakota. Plants 13:2868. https://doi.org/10.3990/plants13202868    Grow, J, AL Thompson, GA Secor, AP Robinson. 2024. Nitrogen and spacing requirements for advanced chipping selections ND7799c-1 and ND7519-1. American Journal of Potato Research 101:481-489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-024-09974-2   Yusuf, M, MD Miller, TR Stefaniak, D Haagenson, JB Endelman, AL Thompson, LM Shannon. 2024. Genomic prediction for potato (Solanum tuberosum) quality traits improved through image analysis. Plant Genome 2024;e20507 https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.20507.   Proceedings and Reports: Thompson, S. 2024. Breeding and development of resilient potato cultivars for the Northern Plains – 2023 Summary. Minnesota Area II Potato Research and Promotion Council and Northland Potato Growers Association 2023 Research Reports. On-line: 2024-Complied-Research-Updated-2-19.pdf   Extension Publications: Garden-Robinson, J, J Sufka, and A Thompson. 2024. A pocket guide to preparing potatoes. FN2238. NDSU Extension, Fargo ND. A Pocket Guide to Preparing Potatoes | NDSU Agriculture