Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Business Meeting from 3:30 pm – 5:30 pm on 12/02/2022:

The 2022 NC229 Business Meeting was held on December 2^nd, 2022, in conjunction with the NAPRRS/NC229: International Conference of Swine Viral Diseases at the Intercontinental Hotel. The meeting was open to all NC229 members. Annual reports from 15 stations were shared with the audience by representatives from each station. Fifty-three people attended the Business Meeting. The business meeting centered on the topics noted below-(detailed agenda in table 1 of report appendix):

1. Pogranichniy (Chair) and Dr. Rowland (Academic Advisor) inaugurated the annual NC229 scientific meeting.
2. Pogranichniy (Chair), Pineyro-Pineiro (Vice-Chair), and the scientific program committee were recognized for their outstanding efforts in organizing the scientific program.
3. Pogranichniy (Chair) discussed the need to form a core group that will be in charge of writing the next renewal and the possibility of writing a sustainability grant proposal.
4. Colby presented updates regarding funding opportunities for the upcoming year.
5. Colby announced the renewal of the Dual Purpose with Dual Benefits: Research in Biomedical and Agriculture Using Agriculturally Important Domestic animals.

1. Accomplishment

Objective 1. CONTROL OF PRRSV:

1.1. PRRS immunology/vaccinology

1. Ribosome profiling of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus reveals novel features of viral gene expression.
2. Assessment of the potential role of the gut microbiota in the response of pigs to PRRSV-killed virus vaccination. This knowledge may pave the road for developing novel strategies to enhance vaccine efficacy.
3. Developed a machine learning algorithm to predict cross-reactivity from genetic sequence data.
4. Defined mechanisms of immune evasion that contribute to PRRSV disease pathogenicity, which can be targeted through recombinant vaccines to improve vaccine efficacy.
5. Demonstrated that PRRSV-induced hypothyroidism is not directly responsible for changes in fetal developmental processes.

1.2. PRRS epidemiology

1. Evaluation of the influence of partial immunity in quasispecies evolution.
2. Investigation of risk factors associated with the incidence of wild-type PRRSV introductions into wean-to-finish herds located in the Midwest with an effort to improve biosecurity practices.
3. Investigation of PRRSV microevolution and diversity over time in PRRSV-positive
4. Assessed and modeled additional transmission routes (vehicles and feed) for PRRSV

1.3. PRRS Surveillance and Diagnostics.

1. Collaborative project among multiple VDLs, with the goal to aggregate swine diagnostic data and report in an intuitive format (web dashboards and monthly PDF report), describing dynamics of pathogen detection by PCR-based assays over time, specimen, age group, and geographical area.
2. Developed methods to rapidly detect and characterize the etiology of new and emerging viruses that may impact swine health.

Objective 2 Developing effective and efficient approaches for detection, prevention, and control of pressing viral diseases of swine of recent emergence: 

2.1. African Swine Fever Virus

1. Four Universities have been approved the Select Agent status by USDA-APHIS to conduct research on ASFV (University of Nebraska-Lincoln, The Ohio State University, Cornell University, and University of Minnesota).
2. Development of several vaccine candidates for African swine fever virus.
3. Developed a risk-free in situ non-animal surrogate assay to validate ASFV mitigation protocols.
4. Evaluated characteristics of supply chains for the transmission of foreign viral animal diseases and application of block-chain technology to trace imported ingredients.
5. In collaboration with the swine industry, monitoring the evolution of the global spread of ASF through the Swine Disease Global Surveillance project.
6. Validation of a simple and reliable method for profiling antibody response to ASFV.

2.2. Swine Influenza Virus

1. Development of new swine influenza vaccine candidates and establish the pregnant sow-fetus models to assess the safety and efficacy of influenza vaccines.
2. Investigated farm workers' roles in introducing seasonal influenza viruses into swine farms.
3. Investigated the genetic diversity of the influenza A virus in vaccinated pigs.
4. Conducted genetic and antigenic characterization of new and emerging swine IAVs, including phylogenetics and network analysis.
5. Identified the molecular mechanisms by which viruses infect and adapt to swine.
6. Evaluate and improve existing and new diagnostic tests and testing strategies for swine IAV surveillance, detection, and recovery from disease outbreaks.
7. Characterize swine innate and adaptive immune responses to swine IAVs and determine correlates of protection.

2.3   Porcine Circovirus

1. Developed an infectious clone for PCV3.
2. Developed a co-infection model of PCV3 and PRRSV to test PCV3 and PRRSV vaccines in a dual-challenge

2.4 Swine Pestiviruses

1. Developed a new real-time PCR to detect atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV).

2.5. Senecavirus A (SVA)

1. Estimated the seroprevalence of ASV and assessed risk factors in the US swine industry.
2. Determined the minimum infectious dose of SVA in both neonates and market-weight pigs.
3. Assessed dynamics and duration of antibodies response to SVA in a breeding herd.
4. Identified viral genes associated with virulence and mechanisms of viral pathogenesis.
5. Conducted molecular characterization to predict the evolution of new SVA strains.
6. Evaluated new SVA vaccine platforms and determined whether vaccines against SVA would cross-react with FMDV or interfere with FMDV serological surveillance.

1. Barrera-Zarate, J., Detmer, S.E., Pasternak, J.A., Hamonic, G., MacPhee, D.J., Harding, J.C.S., 2022a. Detection of PRRSV-2 alone and co-localized with CD163 positive macrophages in porcine placental areolae. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 250, 110457.
2. Barrera-Zarate, J.A., Detmer, S.E., Pasternak, J.A., Hamonic, G., MacPhee, D.J., Harding, J.C.S., 2022b. Effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 on angiogenesis and cell proliferation at the maternal-fetal interface. Vet Pathol 59, 940-949.
3. Chaudhari, J., Leme, R.A., Durazo-Martinez, K., Sillman, S., Workman, A.M., Vu, H.L.X., 2022a. A Single Amino Acid Substitution in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Glycoprotein 2 Significantly Impairs Its Infectivity in Macrophages. Viruses 14.
4. Chaudhari, J., Nguyen, T.N., Vu, H.L.X., 2022b. Identification of Cryptic Promoter Activity in cDNA Sequences Corresponding to PRRSV 5' Untranslated Region and Transcription Regulatory Sequences. Viruses 14.
5. Guidoni, P.B., Pasternak, J.A., Hamonic, G., MacPhee, D.J., Harding, J.C.S., 2022. Effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 on tight junction gene expression at the maternal-fetal interface. Theriogenology 184, 162-170.
6. Yan X, Shang P, Yim-Im W, Sun Y, Zhang J, Firth AE, Lowe JF, Fang Y*. 2022. Molecular characterization of emerging variants of PRRSV in the United States: new features of the -2/-1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting signal in the nsp2 region. Virology. 573:39-49.
7. Yuan F, Sharma J, Nanjappa SG, Gaulke CA*, Fang Y*. 2022. Effect of Killed PRRSV Vaccine on Gut Microbiota Diversity in Pigs. Viruses. 14(5):1081.
8. Cook G. M., Brown, P. Shang,  Y. Li,  L. Soday,  A. M. Dinan, C. Tumescheit, A. P. Mockett,  Y. Fang*,  A. E. Firth*,  I. Brierley*. 2022. Ribosome profiling of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus reveals novel features of viral gene expression. Elife, 11:e75668.
9. Zuckermann FA, Husmann R, Chen W, Roady P, Pfeiff J, Leistikow KR, Duersteler M, Son S, King MR, Augspurger NR. Bacillus-Based Direct-Fed Microbial Reduces the Pathogenic Synergy of a Coinfection with Salmonella enterica Serovar Choleraesuis and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Infect Immun. 2022 Mar 7:e0057421.
10. Campler, M. R., Cheng, T., Schroeder, D. C., Yang, M., Mor, S. K., Ferreira, J. B., & Arruda, A. G. (2022). A longitudinal study on PRRSV detection in swine herds with different demographics and PRRSV management strategies. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. doi: 10.1111/tbed.14386
11. Schroeder, D. C., Odogwu, N. M., Kevill, J., Yang, M., Krishna, V. D., Kikuti, M., . . . Torremorell, M. (2021). Phylogenetically Distinct Near-Complete Genome Sequences of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Type 2 Variants from Four Distinct Disease Outbreaks at U.S. Swine Farms over the Past 6 Years. Microbiology Resource Announcements, 10(33). doi: 10.1128/mra.00260-21
12. Paploski, I. A., Pamornchainavakul, N., Makau, D. N., Rovira, A., Corzo, C. A., Schroeder, D. C., . . . VanderWaal, K. (2021). Phylogenetic Structure and Sequential Dominance of Sub-Lineages of PRRSV Type-2 Lineage 1 in the United States. Vaccines, 9(6), 608. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9060608
13. Pamornchainavakul N, Kikuti M, Paploski IAD, Makau DN, Rovira A, Corzo CA, et al. Measuring How Recombination Re-shapes the Evolutionary History of PRRSV-2: A Genome-Based Phylodynamic Analysis of the Emergence of a Novel PRRSV-2 Variant. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2022;9.
14. Ouyang H, Qiao Y, Yang M, Marabella IA, Hogan CJ, Torremorell M, Olson BA (2022). Single pass wind tunnel testing for recirculating virus aerosol control technologies. J of Aerosol Sciences, 165(2022) 106045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2022.106045
15. Kikuti M, Vilalta C, Sanhueza J, Melini CM, Corzo CA. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome prevalence and processing fluids use for diagnosis in United States breeding herds. Front Vet Sci. Accepted for publication. 2022.
16. Kanankege KST, Graham K, Corzo C, VanderWaal K, Perez A, Durr P. Adapting an atmospheric dispersion model to assess the risk of windborne transmission of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus between swine farms. Viruses. Accepted for publication. 2022.
17. Moeller J, Mount J, Geary E, Campler MR, Corzo CA, Morrison RB, Arruda A. Investigation of the distance to slaughterhouses and weather parameters in the occurrence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome outbreaks in U.S. swine breeding herds. Can Vet J. 2022. 63(5):528-534.
18. Galvis JA, Corzo CA, Machado G. Modeling and assessing additional transmission routes for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: vehicle movement and feed ingredients. Emerg. Dis. 2022. Doi: 10.111/tbed.14488.
19. Pamornchainavakul N, Kikuti M, Paploski IAD, Makau DN, Rovira A, Corzo CA, VanderWaal K. Measuring how recombination re-shapes the evolutionary history of PRRSV-2: a genome-based phylodynamic analysis of the emergence of a novel PRRSV-2 variant. Front Vet Sci. 2022. 9:846904. doi. 10.3389/fvets.2022.846904.
20. Kikuti M, Sanhueza J, Vilalta C, Paploski IAD, VanderWaal K, Corzo CA. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV-2) genetic diversity and occurrence of wild type and vaccine-like strains in the United States swine industry. PLoS One. 2021. 16(11). doi. 10.1371/journal.pone.0259531.
21. Kikuti M, Paploski IAD, Pamornchainavakul N, Picasso-Risso C, Schwartz M, Yeske P, Leuwerke B, Bruner L, Murray D, Roggow BD, Thomas P, Feldmann L, Allerson M, Hensch M, Bauman T, Sexton B, Rovira, VanderWaal K, Corzo CA. Emergence of a new lineage 1C variant of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 in the United States. Front Vet Sci. 2021. 8:752938. doi. 10.3389/fvets.2021.752938.
22. Holtkamp D, Torremorell M, Corzo CA, Linhares DCL, Almeida MN, Yeske P, Polson DD, Becton L, Snelson H, Donovan T, Pittman J, Johnson C, Vilalta C, Silva GS, Sanhueza J. Proposed modifications to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus herds classification. J Swine Health Prod. 2021. 29(5):261-270.
23. Paploski IAD, Bhojwani RK, Sanhueza JM, Corzo CA, VanderWaal K. Forecasting viral disease outbreaks at the farm-level for commercial sow farms in the U.S. Prev Vet Med. 2021. 29. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105449.
24. Almeida M, Zhang M, Lopez WAL, Vilalta C, Sanhueza J, Corzo CA, Zimmerman JJ, Linhares DCL. A comparison of three sampling approaches for detecting PRRSV in suckling piglets. Prev Vet Med. 2021. 194. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105427.
25. Almeida M, Corzo CA, Zimmerman JJ, Linhares DCL. Longitudinal piglet sampling in commercial sow farms highlights the challenge of PRRSV detection. Porcine Health Management. 2021. 7:31. doi: 10.1186/s40813-021-00210-5.
26. Trevisan G, Linhares LCM, Schwartz KJ, Burrough ER, Magalhaes ES, Crim B, Dubey P, Main RG, Gauger P, Thurn M, Lages PTF, Corzo CA, Torrison J, Henningson J, Herrman E, McGaughey R, Cino G, Greseth J, Clement T, Christopher-Hennings J, Linhares DCL. Data standardization implementation and applications within and among diagnostic laboratories: integrating and monitoring enteric coronaviruses. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2021. Doi: 10.1177/10406387211002163.jvdi.sagepub.com
27. Galvis JA, Prada JM, Corzo CA, Machado G. Modeling the transmission and vaccination strategy for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Emerg. Dis. 2021. Doi: 10.111/tbed.14007.

1. Fleming, D.S., Miller, L.C., Li, J., Lager, K.M., Van Geelen, A., Sang, Y. 2022. Transcriptomic analysis of liver indicates novel vaccine to porcine reproductive and respiratory virus promotes homeostasis in T-Cell and inflammatory immune responses compared to commercial vaccine in pigs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 9. Article 791034. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.791034.
2. Cheng, T.Y., Campler, M.R., Schroeder, D.C., Yang, M., Mor, S.K., Ferreira, J.B., Arruda, A.G., 2022. Detection of Multiple Lineages of PRRSV in Breeding and Growing Swine Farms. Front Vet Sci 9, 884733.
3. Moeller, J., Mount, J., Geary, E., Campler, M.R., Corzo, C.A., Morrison, R.B., Arruda, A.G., 2022. Investigation of the distance to slaughterhouses and weather parameters in the occurrence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome outbreaks in U.S. swine breeding herds. Can Vet J 63, 528-534.
4. Guidoni, P.B., Pasternak, J.A., Hamonic, G., MacPhee, D.J., Harding, J.C.S., 2022. Effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 on tight junction gene expression at the maternal-fetal interface. Theriogenology 184, 162-170.
5. Ison, E.K., Hopf-Jannasch, A.S., Harding, J.C.S., Alex Pasternak, J., 2022. Effects of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) on thyroid hormone metabolism in the late gestation fetus. Veterinary research 53, 74.
6. Katwal, P., Aftab, S., Nelson, E., Hildreth, M., Li, S., Wang, X., 2022. Role of zinc metalloprotease (ZMPSTE24) in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replication in vitro. Archives of virology 167, 2281-2286.
7. Cui X, Xia D, Huang X, Sun Y, Shi M, Zhang J, Li G, Yang Y, Wang H, Cai X, An T. 2022. Recombinant characteristics based on 949 PRRSV-2 genomic sequences in 1991-2021 revealed viral multiplication ability contribute to the dominant recombination. Microbiology Spectrum. Sep 8: e02934-22.
8. Yim-im W, Huang H, Zheng Y, Li G, Rawal G, Gauger P, Krueger K, Main R, Zhang J. 2022. Characterization of PRRSV in clinical samples and the corresponding cell culture isolates. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 69: e3045-e3059.
9. Trevisan G, Zeller M, Li G, Zhang J, Gauger P, Linhares D. 2022. Implementing a user-friendly format to analyze PRRSV next-generation sequencing results and associating breeding herd production performance with a number of PRRSV strains and recombination events. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 69: e2214-e2229.
10. López W, Zimmerman J, Gauger P, Harmon K, Magtoto R, Bradner L, Holtkamp D, Zhang M, Zhang J, Ramirez A, Linhares D, Giménez-Lirola L. 2022. Considerations in the use of processing fluids for the detection of PRRSV RNA and antibody. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 34(5): 859-863.
11. Yuan X, Shang P, Yim-im W, Sun Y, Zhang J, Firth A, Lowe J, Fang Y. 2022. Molecular characterization of emerging variants of PRRSV in the United States: new features of the -2/-1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting signal in the nsp2 region. Virology. 573: 39-49.
12. Li P, Koziel JA, Zimmerman JJ, Zhang J, Cheng TY, Yim-im W, Jenks WS, Lee M, Chen B, Hoff SJ. 2022. Correction: Li, et al., Mitigation of airborne PRRSV transmission with UV light treatment: proof-of-concept. Agriculture 2021, 11, 259. Agriculture. 12(5): 680.
13. Rawal G, Yim-im W, Chamba F, Smith C, Okones J, Francisco C, Zhang J. 2022. Development and validation of a reverse transcription real-time PCR assay for specific detection of PRRSGard vaccine-like virus. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 69: 1212-1226.
14. Rupasinghe R, Lee K, Liu X, Gauger PC, Zhang J, Martínez-López B. (2022). Molecular evolution of porcine reproductive and 1 respiratory syndrome virus field strains from 2 two swine production systems in the midwestern United States from 2001 to 2020. Microbiology Spectrum. 10(3): e0263421.

African Swine Fever Virus

42. Shurson, G. C., Palowski, A., Ligt, J. L., Schroeder, D. C., Balestreri, C., Urriola, P. E., & Sampedro, F. (2022). New perspectives for evaluating relative risks of African swine fever virus contamination in global feed ingredient supply chains. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 69(1), 31-56. doi: 10.1111/tbed.14174 
43. Shurson, G.C., Urriola, P.E., & van de Ligt, J.L.G. 2021. Can we effectively manage parasites, prions, and pathogens in the global feed industry to achieve One Health? Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 69(1), 4-30. DOI: 1111/tbed.14205
44. Schambow, R., Sampedro, F., Urriola, P.E., van de Ligt, J.L.G., Perez, A., & Shurson, G.C. 2021. Rethinking the uncertainty of African swine fever virus contamination in feed ingredients and risk of introduction into the United States. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 69(1),157-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.14358
45. Dee, N., Havas, K., Shah, A., Singrey, A., Spronk, G., Niederwerder, M., Nelson, E., Dee, S., 2022a. Evaluating the effect of temperature on viral survival in plant-based feed during storage. Transbound Emerg Dis 69, e2105-e2110.
46. Dee, S., Shah, A., Jones, C., Singrey, A., Hanson, D., Edler, R., Spronk, G., Niederwerder, M., Nelson, E., 2022b. Evidence of viral survival in representative volumes of feed and feed ingredients during long-distance commercial transport across the continental United States. Transbound Emerg Dis 69, 149-156.
47. Luong, H.Q., Lai, H.T., Do, L.D., Ha, B.X., Nguyen, G.V., Vu, H.L., 2022. Differential antibody responses in sows and finishing pigs naturally infected with African swine fever virus under field conditions. Virus research 307, 198621.
48. Havas K, Gogin AE, Basalaeva JV, Sindryakova IP, Kolbasova OL, Titov IA, Lyska VM, Morgunov SY, Vlasov ME, Sevskikh TA, Pivova EY, Kudrjashov DA, Zimmerman S, Witbeck W, Giménez-Lirola LG, Nerem J, Spronk GD, Zimmerman JJ, Sereda AD. (2022).  An Assessment of Diagnostic Assays and Sample Types in the Detection of an Attenuated Genotype 5 African Swine Fever Virus in European Pigs over a 3-Month Period.  2022 Mar 26;11(4):404. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11040404.

Influenza

49. Joshi LR, Knudsen D, Piñeyro P, Dhakal S, Renukaradhya GJ, Diel DG. Protective Efficacy of an Orf Virus-Vector Encoding the Hemagglutinin and the Nucleoprotein of Influenza A Virus in Swine. Front Immunol. 2021 Nov 5;12:747574. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.747574
50. Kumari, S., Chaudhari, J., Huang, Q., Gauger, P., De Almeida, M.N., Liang, Y., Ly, H., Vu, H.L.X., 2022. Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of a Recombinant Pichinde Viral-Vectored Vaccine Expressing Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Antigen in Pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 10.
51. Li, C., Culhane, M. R., Schroeder, D. C., Cheeran, M. C.-J., Galina Pantoja, L., Jansen, M. L., & Torremorell, M. (2022). Vaccination decreases the risk of influenza A virus reassortment but not genetic variation in pigs. eLife, 11. doi: 10.7554/elife.78618 

52. Lopez-Moreno G, Davies P, Yang M, Culhane MR, Corzo CA, Li C, Rendahl A, Torremorell M (2022). Evidence of influenza A infection and risk of transmission between pigs and farmworkers. Zoonoses and Public Health. Apr 20. doi: 10.1111/zph.12948. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35445551.
53. de Lara AC, Garrido-Mantilla J, Lopez-Moreno G, Yang M, Barcellos DESN, Torremorell M (2022). Effect of pooling udder skin wipes on the detection of influenza A virus in preweaning pigs. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 2022; 34(1):133-135. doi:10.1177/10406387211039462
54. Lopez-Moreno G, Garrido-Mantilla J, Sanhueza JM, Rendahl A, Davies P, Culhane M, McDowell E, Fano E, Goodell C, Torremorell M (2022). Evaluation of dam parity and interanal biosecurity practices in influenza infections in piglets prior to weaning. Prev Vet Med, 208:105764. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105764.

1. Arendsee, Z.W., Chang, J., Hufnagel, D.E., Markin, A., Baker, A.L., Anderson, T.K. 2021. octoFLUshow: an interactive tool describing spatial and temporal trends in the genetic diversity of influenza A virus in U.S. swine. Microbiology Resource Announcements. 10(50). Article e01081-21. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.01081-21.
2. Neveau, M.M., Zeller, M.A., Kaplan, B.S., Souza, C.K., Gauger, P.C., Baker, A.L., Anderson, T.K. 2022. Genetic and antigenic characterization of an expanding H3 influenza A virus clade in US swine visualized by Nextstrain. mSphere. 7(3):e0994-21. https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00994-21
3. Sharma, A., Zeller, M.A., Souza, C.K., Anderson, T.K., Baker, A.L., Harmon, K., Li, G., Zhang, J., Gauger, P.C. 2022. Characterization of a 2016-17 human seasonal H3 influenza A virus spillover now endemic to U.S. swine. mSphere. 7(1). Article e00809-21. https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00809-21.
4. Souza, C.K., Anderson, T.K., Chang, J., Venkatesh, D., Lewis, N.S., Pekosz, A., Shaw-Saliba, K., Rothman, R.E., Chen, K., Baker, A.L. 2022. Antigenic distance between North American swine and human seasonal H3N2 influenza A viruses as an indication of zoonotic risk to humans. Journal of Virology. 96(2). Article e01374-21. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01374-21.
5. Markin, A., Wagle, S., Anderson, T.K., Eulenstein, O. 2022. RF-Net 2: Fast inference of virus reassortment and hybridization networks. Bioinformatics. 38(8). Pages 2144-2152. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btac075.
6. Kimble, B.J., Brand, M.W., Kaplan, B.S., Coyle, E.M., Chilcote, K., Gauger, P., Khurana, S., Baker, A.L. 2022. Vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease following influenza virus infection in ferrets recapitulates the model in pigs. Journal of Virology. 96(5). https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01725-21.
7. Sharma A, Zeller M, Souza C, Anderson T, Vincent A, Harmon K, Li G, Zhang J, Gauger P. 2022. Characterization of a 2016-2017 human-seasonal H3 influenza A virus spillover now endemic in United States swine. mSphere. 7(1): e00809-21.

Porcine pestiviruses

1. Sutton, K.M., Eaton, C.W., Borza, T., Burkey, T.E., Mote, B.E., Loy, J.D., Ciobanu, D.C., 2022. Genetic diversity and detection of atypical porcine pestivirus infections. J Anim Sci 100. DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab360
2.  Arruda B, Falkenberg S, Mora-Díaz JC, Matias Ferreyra F, Magtoto R, Giménez-Lirola L.  (2022).  Development and evaluation of antigen-specific dual matrix Pestivirus K ELISAs using longitudinal known infectious status samples.  J Clin Microbiol. 2022 Oct 12;e0069722. doi: 10.1128/jcm.00697-22.

Senecavirus

64. Preis G, Sanhueza JM, Vilalta C, Vannucci F, Culhane MR, Corzo CA. National Senecavirus A seroprevalence and risk factors assessment for seropositivity. Front Vet Sci. Accepted for publication. 2022.

1. Devries, A.C., Lager, K.M. 2022. Efficacy of an inactivated Senecavirus A vaccine in weaned pigs and mature sows. Vaccine. 40(12):1747-1754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.018.
2. Hoffman, K., Humphrey, N., Korslund, J., Anderson, T.K., Faaberg, K., Lager, K.M., Devries, A.C. 2022. Characterization of Senecavirus A isolates collected from the environment of U.S. sow slaughter plants. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 9. Article 923878. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.923878. 
3. Devries, A.C., Lager, K.M. 2022. Infectious dose of Senecavirus A in market weight and neonatal pigs. PLoS ONE. 17(4). Article e0267145. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267145

68. Devries, A.C., Lager, K.M. 2022. Senecavirus A: Frequently asked questions. Swine Health and Production. 30(3):149-159. https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1270.
69. L, C.C., JC, G.N., Singrey, A., Niederwerder, M.C., Dee, S., Nelson, E.A., Diel, D.G., 2022. Stability of Senecavirus A in animal feed ingredients and infection following consumption of contaminated feed. Transbound Emerg Dis 69, 88-96.

Coronavirus

70. Galvis JA, Corzo CA, Prada JM, Machado G. Modeling between-farm transmission dynamics of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: characterizing the dominant transmission routes. Prev Vet Med. 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105759.
71. Galvis JA, Prada JM, Corzo CA, Machado G. The between-farm transmission dynamics of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus: A short-term forecast modeling comparison and the effectiveness of control strategies. Emerg. Dis. 2021. Doi: 10.111/tbed.13997.

1. Alhamo, M.A., Boley, P.A., Liu, M., Niu, X., Yadav, K.K., Lee, C., Saif, L.J., Wang, Q., Kenney, S.P., 2022. Characterization of the Cross-Species Transmission Potential for Porcine Deltacoronaviruses Expressing Sparrow Coronavirus Spike Protein in Commercial Poultry. Viruses 14.
2. Cruz-Pulido, D., Ouma, W.Z., Kenney, S.P., 2022. Differing coronavirus genres alter shared host signaling pathways upon viral infection. Sci Rep 12, 9744.
3. Kong, F., Wang, Q., Kenney, S.P., Jung, K., Vlasova, A.N., Saif, L.J., 2022. Porcine Deltacoronaviruses: Origin, Evolution, Cross-Species Transmission and Zoonotic Potential. Pathogens 11.
4. Martins, M., Boggiatto, P.M., Buckley, A., Cassmann, E.D., Falkenberg, S.M., Caserta, L.C., Fernandes, M.H., Kanipe, C.R., Lager, K.M., Palmer, M.V., Diel, D.G. 2022. From Deer-to-Deer: SARS-CoV-2 is efficiently transmitted and presents broad tissue tropism and replication sites in white-tailed deer. PLoS Pathogens. 18(3). Article e1010197. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010197.
5. More-Bayona, J.A., Ramirez-Velasquez, M., Hause, B., Nelson, E., Rivera-Geronimo, H., 2022. First isolation and whole genome characterization of porcine deltacoronavirus from pigs in Peru. Transbound Emerg Dis 69, e1561-e1573.
6. Yen L, Mora-Diaz JC, Rauh R, Nelson W, Ye F, Zhang J, Baum D, Zimmerman J, Nelli R, Giménez-Lirola LG. (2022). Characterization of the subclinical infection of porcine deltacoronavirus in grower pigs under experimental conditions. Viruses. 14: 2144.
7. Schumacher L, Chen Q, Fredericks L, Gauger P, Bandrick M, Keith M, Giménez-Lirola LG, Magstadt D, Yim-im W, Welch M, Zhang J*. (2022). Evaluation of the efficacy of an S-INDEL PEDV strain, administered to pregnant gilts, against a virulent non-S-INDEL PEDV challenge in newborn piglets. Viruses. 14: 1801.
8. Yen L, Magtoto R, Mora-Diaz JC, Carrillo-Ávila JA, Zhang J, Cheng TY, Magtoto P, Nelli RK, Baum DH, Zimmerman JJ, Giménez-Lirola LG. (2022). The N-terminal subunit of the porcine deltacoronavirus spike recombinant protein (S1) does not serologically cross-react with other porcine coronaviruses. Pathogens. 11: 910.
9.  Zhu J, Rawal G, Aljets E, Yim-im W, Yang YL, Huang YW, Krueger K, Gauger P, Main R, Zhang J*. (2022). Development and clinical applications of a 5-plex real-time RT-PCR for swine enteric coronaviruses. Viruses. 14: 1536.
10. Saeng-Chuto K; Madapong A; Kaeoket K; Piñeyro PE; Tantituvanont A; Nilubol D. Co-infection of porcine deltacoronavirus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus induces early TRAF6-mediated NF-κB and IRF7 signaling pathways through TLRs. Scientific Reports 2022 Vol. 12 Issue 1. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24190-w

Other viruses

82. Li Y, Yuan F, Yan X, Matta T, Cino-Ozuna GA, Fang Y*. Characterization of an emerging porcine respirovirus 1 isolate in the US: A novel viral vector for expression of foreign antigens. Virology. 570:107-116.
83. Wu X, Hu Y, Sui C, Pan L, Yoo D, Miller LC, Lee C, Cong X, Li J, Du Y, Qi J. Multiple-Site SUMOylation of FMDV 3C Protease and Its Negative Role in Viral Replication. J Virol. 2022 Sep 14;96(17):e0061222.
84. Makau, D.N., Lycett, S., Michalska-Smith, M. et al.Ecological and evolutionary dynamics of multi-strain RNA viruses. Nat Ecol Evol 6, 1414–1422 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01860-6

1. Cheng TY, Magtoto R, Henao-Díaz A, Poonsuk K, Devries A, Van Geelen A, Lager K, Zimmerman J, Giménez-Lirola L. Detection of pseudorabies virus antibody in swine serum and oral fluid specimens using a recombinant gE glycoprotein dual-matrix indirect ELISA. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2021 Nov;33(6):1106-1114. http://doi:10.1177/10406387211040755
2. Manirarora, J.N., Walker, K.E., Patil, V., Renukaradhya, G.J., LaBresh, J., Sullivan, Y., Francis, O., Lunney, J.K., 2022. Development and Characterization of New Monoclonal Antibodies Against Porcine Interleukin-17A and Interferon-Gamma. Frontiers in immunology 13, 786396.
3. Nelsen, A., Lager, K.M., Stasko, J., Nelson, E., Lin, C.M., Hause, B.M., 2022. Identification of Pulmonary Infections With Porcine Rotavirus A in Pigs With Respiratory Disease. Front Vet Sci 9, 918736.
4. Zhang Q, Rawal G, Qian J, Ibrahim H, Zhang J*, Liang D*, Lu M. (2022). An integrated magneto-opto-fluidic biosensor for rapid on-chip assay of respiratory viruses of livestock. Lab on a Chip. 22(17): 3236-3244.
5. Welch M, Harmon K, Zhang J, Piñeyro P, Magtoto R, Wang C, Giménez-Lirola LG, Strait E, Mogler M, Gauger P. (2022). Detection of porcine parainfluenza virus type-1 antibody in swine serum using a whole-virus ELISA, indirect fluorescence antibody and virus neutralizing assays. BMC Veterinary Research. 18(1): 110.
6. Shen H, Zhang J, Gauger P, Burrough E, Zhang J, Harmon K, Wang L, Zheng Y, Petznick T, Li G. (2022). Genetic characterization of porcine sapoviruses identified from pigs during a diarrhea outbreak in Iowa, 2019. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 69: 1246-1255.
7. Anderson TK, Inderski B, Diel DG, Hause BM, Porter E, Clement T, Nelson EA, Bai J, Christopher-Hennings J, Gauger PC, Zhang J, Harmon KM, Main R, Lager KM, Faaberg KS. (2021). The United States Swine Pathogen Database: integrating veterinary diagnostic laboratory sequence data to monitor emerging pathogens of swine. DATABASE. 2021: 1-9.
8.  Kroeger M; Temeeyasen G; Piñeyro PE. Five years of porcine circovirus 3: what have we learned about the clinical disease, immune pathogenesis, and diagnosis. Virus Res 2022. 314: 198764. DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198764
9. Welch M; Krueger K; Zhang J; Piñeyro P; Magtoto R; Wang C; Giménez-Lirola L; Strait E; Mogler M; Gauger P. Detection of porcine parainfluenza virus type-1 antibody in swine serum using whole-virus ELISA, indirect fluorescence antibody and virus neutralizing assays. BMC Veterinary Research 2022. 18 (1):110. DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03196-6
10. Cheng T, Zimmerman J, Giménez-Lirola LG.  (2022).  Internal reference genes with the potential for normalizing quantitative PCR results for oral fluid specimens.  Anim Health Res Rev. 2022 Nov 4:1-10. doi: 10.1017/S1466252322000044. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36330795.

Book Chapters or Monographs

1. Fang Y., Snijder E. J., & Balasuriya U.B. 2022. Chapter 5. Arterivirus. In P. Howley, & D. Knipe (Ed.). Fields Virology: RNA Viruses (7th Edition), Wolters Kluwer Production.
2. Circoviridae. Pablo Piñeyro and Sheela Ramamoorthy. In: Veterinary Microbiology, 4th Edition. Ed. D. Scott McVey, Melissa Kennedy, M.M. Chengappa, and Rebecca Wilkes. 2022.
3. Kennedy M, Delhon G, McVey DS, Vu H, and Borca M. 2021. Chapter 49: Asfarviridae and Iridoviridae. In Veterinary Microbiology, Fourth ed.; McVey, S., Kennedy, M., M.M. Chengappa, M.M., Wilkes, R., Eds. Wiley Blackwell: 2022.