NC229: Swine Viral Diseases

(Multistate Research Project)

Status: Active

SAES-422 Reports

01/15/2025

02/24/2026


  1. Alvarez-Norambuena J, Quinonez A, Corzo CA, Goyal SM. (2025). Comparative adsorption of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus variants to Minnesota soils. Viruses. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17010058.

  2. Alvarez-Norambuena J, Rovira A, Corzo CA, Kikuti M. (2025). In vitro evaluation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 sequences in samples containing PRRSV modified-live vaccine and wild-type strains. J Vet Diagn Invest. https://doi.org/10.1177/10406387251340342.

  3. Arunsiripate TT, Groeltz-Thrush J, Saeng-Chuto K, Guo B, Michael A, Siepker C, Derscheid RJ, Rahe MC, Zhang JQ, Burrough E, Pineyro P. Diagnostic investigation of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus as potential pathogen associated with respiratory clinical signs and pulmonary lesions in pigs. Microb Pathog. 2025 Jun;203:107493. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107493.

  4. Alexander Fonseca-Martinez, J. Hernandez-Cuevas, K. Shaw. (2025) Small pig stakeholders’ knowledge of foreign animal diseases: baseline knowledge and impact of an outreach session. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 239; 106517.

  5. Baker, J.P., A. Rovira, K. VanderWaal. (2025). Repeat offenders: PRRSV-2 clinical re-breaks from a whole genome perspective. Veterinary Microbiology, 302:110411.

  6. Bakke, H., Perez, A.D., Perez, A.M., Miclat-Sonaco, R., and Schambow, R.A. (2025). Mental health impacts of African Swine Fever outbreaks on veterinarians in the Philippines. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1519270.

  7. Bashki A., Stetson J., Wang L., Shi J., Caragea D., Miller L.C. (2025).* Towards a Rapid, Sensitive, User-friendly, and Field-deployable AI Tool for Enhancing African Swine Fever Diagnosis and Reporting. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 86, S27. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.10.0305.

  8. Byrne J, Bourne C, Eguiluz S, Langel SN, Crisci E* (2025) High-throughput 96-well plate-based porcine antibody isolation protocol. PLOS ONE 2025 20(3): e0320501. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0320501

  9. Chandra S, Cezar G, Rupasinghe K, Magalhaes E, Silva GS, Almeida M, Crim B, Burrough E, Gauger P, Madson D, Thomas J, Zeller M, Zhang J, Main R, Rovira A, Thurn M, Lages P, Corzo C, Sturos M, VanderWaal K, Naikare H, Matias-Ferreyra F, McGaughey R, Retallic J, McReynolds S, Gebhardt J, Pillatzki A, Greseth J, Kersey D, Clement T, Christopher-Hennings J, Thompson B, Perkins J, Prarat M, Summers D, Bowen C, Boyle J, Hendrix K, Lyons J, Werling K, Arruda AG, Schwartz M, Yeske P, Murray D, Mason B, Schneider P, Copeland S, Dufresne L, Boykin D, Fruge C, Hollis W, Robbins R, Petznick T, Kuecker K, Glowzenski L, Niederwerder M, Huang X, Linhares DCL, Trevisan G. (2025). Harnessing sequencing data for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV): tracking genetic evolution dynamics and emerging sequences in US swine industry. Front Vet Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1571020.

  10. Chepkwony MC, Makau DN, Yoder C, Corzo C, Culhane M, Perez A, Perez Aguirreburualde MS, Nault AJ, Mahero M. (2025). A scoping review of knowledge, attitudes, and practices in swine farm biosecurity in North America. Front Vet Sci, 12:1507704. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1507704.

  11. Chepkwony MC, Yoder C, Culhane MR, Aguirreburualde MSP, Perez AM, Corzo CA, Makau DN, Mahero MW. (2025). Beliefs, Behaviors, and Practices of Farm Biosecurity in the Midwestern U.S. Swine Operations. Animals, 15(17):2515. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15172515.

  12. Chia-Hui Hsu J., Schambow R.A., Humphreys J., Montenegro M., Artz J., Perez A.M. (2025). Perspective: Challenges and research opportunities to enhance African Swine Fever control in the Philippines. Front Vet Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1675095.

  13. Deka, A., Galvis, J.A., Fleming, C., Safari, M., Yeh, C., and Machado, G. "Modeling the transmission dynamics of African swine fever virus within commercial swine barns: Quantifying the contribution of multiple transmission pathways." Epidemics (2025). DOI:10.1016/j.epidem.2025.100828

  14. Diaz, A.N., Diel, D.G. Senecavirus A: Overview of the emergence, infection dynamics, and Pathogenesis. In: Wang L. (eds) Veterinary Virology of Domestic and Pet Animals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54690-7_87-1.

  15. Durazo-Martinez K, Chaudhari J, Sherry LM, Webster DA, Martins K, Bostrom JR, Carlson DF, Sonstegard TS, Vu HLX*. (2025). Modification of the splice acceptor in CD163 exon 7 of pigs is insufficient to confer resistance to PRRSV. Vet Microbiol, 304:110450.

  16. Durazo-Martinez K, Osorio FA, Delhon G, Hernandez J, Vu HLX. (2025). New insights into the testicular tropism of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Microbiol Spectr, 13:e0296424.

  17. Fang W, Yoo D, Li W, Vu H. (2025). Toward a better understanding of genetic diversity and more effective control strategies of major swine viral diseases. Virology, 601:110480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2025.110480.

  18. Fang, Y., Kenney, S., Pineyro-Pineiro, P. E., Rowland, R., & VanderWaal, K. (2025). Introduction to veterinary microbiology special issue featuring advance in swine viral disease research. Veterinary Microbiology, 308:110649.

  19. Fleming, C., Mills, K., Cardenas, N.C., Galvis, J.A., Corzo, C., and Machado, G. "Enhancing U.S. swine farm preparedness for infectious foreign animal diseases with rapid access to biosecurity information." Preventive Veterinary Medicine (2025). DOI:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106765

  20. Galvis JA, Corzo CA, Machado G. (2025). Mitigating between-farm transmission through simulating vehicle rerouting and enhanced cleaning and disinfection protocols. Prev Vet Med. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106650.

  21. Galvis, J.A., Corzo, C.A., and Machado, G. "Mitigating between-farm disease transmission through simulating vehicle rerouting and enhanced cleaning and disinfection protocols. "Preventive Veterinary Medicine (2025). DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106650

  22. Galvis, J.A., Deka, A., and Machado, G. "Evaluating sampling strategies for effective detection of African swine fever in growing pig population in the U.S." Preventive Veterinary Medicine (2025). DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106740

  23. Galvis, J.A., Satici, M.Y., Sykes, A.L., O’Hara, K.C., Rochette, L., Roberts, D., and Machado,G. "Estimating sampling and laboratory capacity for a simulated African swine fever outbreak in the United States." Preventive Veterinary Medicine (2025). DOI:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106529

  24. Garrido-Mantilla J, Sanhueza J, Alvarez J, Pittman JS, Davies P, Torremorell M, Culhane MR. (2025). Reduction of influenza A virus prevalence in pigs at weaning after using custom-made influenza vaccines in the breeding herds of an integrated swine farm system. Viruses, 17(2):240. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17020240.

  25. Gaulke GA, Yuan F, Yang L, Duan L, Connolly MG, Hsiao S, Antonson AM, Fang Y. (2025). Maternal vaccination partially protects piglets against influenza A virus associated alteration of the microbiome and hippocampal gene expression. Vet Microbiol, 306:110544.

  26. Gebhardt J.T., Mwangi W., Shi J., Richt J.A. (2025). Kansas State University: Impactful research advancing African swine fever virus prevention, control, and response. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 86(9). https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.25.05.017..

  27. Gelalcha BD, Chepkwony MC, Corzo CA, Yoder C, Perez A, Perez Aguirreburualde MS, Makau DN, Mahero MW. (2025). Education and economic factors shape clusters of biosecurity beliefs and practices: insights from an exploratory survey of Midwest US swine producers. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14111080.

  28. Guillermo Arcega Castillo, Michelle Schultze, Rachael Schulte, Andres Perez, Rachel A. Schambow, Luis Pablo Hervé-Claude, and Emilio León. (2025). African Swine Fever Incursion Risks in Latin America and the Caribbean: Informal and Legal Import Pathways. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1587131.

  29. Harrison O., Bai J., Larson M., Pogranichniy R., Domingues F., Holcombe N., Lopez O., Jones C.K. (2024a). PSI-4 Evaluation of chemical mitigants when soybean meal was inoculated with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory virus, and Seneca Valley virus 1. Journal of Animal Science, 102, 349–350.

  30. Herrera da Silva, J. P., Rossow, S., Paploski, I. A. D., Kikuti, M., Corzo, C. A., & VanderWaal, K. (2025). Complete Genome and Recombination Analysis of a Novel Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 (Variant 1H.18) Identified in the Midwestern USA. Viruses, 17(6):863. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17060863.

  31. Herrera da Silva, Joao P.; N. Pamornchainavakul; M. Kikuti; X. Yue; C.A. Corzo; VanderWaal, Kimberly. (2025). Current Evolutionary Dynamics of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) in the U.S. a Decade After Introduction. Viruses, 17(5):654. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17050654.

  32. Hsu CH, Montenegro M, Miclat-Sonaco R, Torremorell M, Perez AM. (2025). Validation of the effectiveness of pig farm repopulation protocol following African swine fever outbreaks in the Philippines. Front Vet Sci, 11:1468906. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1468906.



  1. Huang, J., Krishna, V.D., Paploski, I.A.D., VanderWaal, K., Schroeder, D.C., Cheeran, M.C.J. (2025). Characterization of Glycoprotein 5-Specific Response in Pigs Vaccinated with Modified Live Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Vaccine Derived from Two Different Lineages. Vaccines, 13(3):247.

  2. Huang, J.; Krishna, V.D.; Paploski, I.A.D.; VanderWaal, K.; Schroeder, D.C.; Cheeran, M.C.J. (2025). Characterization of Glycoprotein 5-Specific Response in Pigs Vaccinated with Modified Live Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Vaccine Derived from Two Different Lineages. Vaccines. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13030247.

  3. Katwal, P., S. Aftab, E. Nelson, M. Hildreth, S. Li, X. Wang. (2025). Interferon induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) restricts PRRSV replication via post-entry mechanisms. Microorganisms 13(8):1737. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13081737.

  4. Kikuti M, Yue X, Melini CM, Vadnais S, Corzo CA. (2025). Senecavirus A incidence in U.S. breeding herds: A decade of surveillance data. Animals. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15111650.

  5. Lai DC, Nguyen TN, Poonsuk K, McVey DS, Vu HLX*. (2025). Lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated DNA vaccine encoding African swine fever virus p54 antigen elicits robust immune responses in pigs. Vet Microbiol, 305:110508.

  6. Lai DC, Nguyen TN, Trinh GP, Steffen D, Vu HLX*. (2025). Lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated DNA vaccine induces balanced antibody and T-cell responses in pigs with maternally derived antibodies. Journal of Virology, e0112325.

  7. Lakshmanappa YS, Shang P, Renu S, Dhakal S, Hogshead B, Xiao Y, Wang T, Fang Y*, Renukaradhya GJ*. (2025). Concurrent but consecutive vaccination of modified live PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 provides better protection in nursery pigs. Vet Microbiol, 302:110391.

  8. Lee H, Li S, Liu L, Wang W, Ayupova T, Tibbs J, Kim C, Fang Y, Do MN, Cunningham BT. (2025). Physically grounded deep learning-enabled gold nanoparticle localization and quantification in photonic resonator absorption microscopy for digital resolution molecular diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron, 281:117455.

  9. Li C, Meliopoulos V, Rendahl A, Schultz-Cherry S, Torremorell M. (2025). Naturally occurring influenza reassortment in pigs facilitates the emergence of intrahost virus subpopulations with distinct genotypes and replicative fitness. mBio, 16(1):e0192424. https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01924-24.

  10. Li D., Zhang X., Apley M.D., Gebhardt J.T., Karriker L., Connor J.F., Bromfield C., Lubbers B., Kittana H., Pendell D., Madera R., Muro N., Craig A., Shenkenberg B., Li Y., Wang L., Shi J. (2025). Viral Vaccines as an Alternative to Antimicrobials: A Perspective from Swine Veterinarians on Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Directions. Pathogens, 14(12), 1259. https://doi.org/10.3390/Pathogens14121259..

  11. Li J., Adeyemi O., Miller L.C., Sang Y. (2025).* Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals Novel and Differential Circular RNA Responses Underlying Interferon-mediated Antiviral Regulation in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages. Viruses, 17(10), 1307. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17101307.

  12. Lugo-Mesa V, Sobhy NM, Luqman MM, Ramirez-Camba CD, Corzo CA, Goyal SM. (2025). Stability of five strains of PRRSV in tap water at different temperatures. Vet Microbiol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110472.

  13. Martinez M, Corzo CA, Machado G, Ekiri AB, Deza-Cruz I, Prada JM. (2025). Truck cleaning and disinfection and the risk of PRRSV dissemination in multi-site pig production systems in the United States: A network-epidemiological model approach. Prev Vet Med. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106539.

  14. McCutcheon CR, Caldwell A, Yang L, Crisci E, Pasternak JA, Coyne CB. Defining Cellular Diversity at the Swine Maternal-Fetal Interface Using Spatial Transcriptomics and Organoids. PLoS Biol 2025 Aug 28;23(8):e3003302. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003302. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003302

  15. McDowell, C. D., Kwon, T., Assato, P., Mantlo, E., Trujillo, J. D., Gaudreault, N. N., Caserta, L. C., Morozov, I., Souza-Neto, J. A., Pogranichniy, R. M., Diel, D. G., Richt, J. A. (2025). Targeted Whole Genome Sequencing of African Swine Fever Virus and Classical Swine Fever Virus on the MinION Portable Sequencing Platform. Pathogens. 14(8):804. doi: 10.3390/pathogens14080804.

  16. Melini, C. M., Kikuti, M., Torremorell, M., VanderWaal, K., Rossow, S., Torrison, J., & Corzo, C. A. (2025). Evaluation of the infectivity of three porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) variants. Veterinary Research, 56(1):158.

  17. Melini, C.M.; Kikuti, M.; Yue, X.; Paploski, I.A.D.; Canturri, A.; Rossow, S.; Leuwerke, B.; Stone, S.; Corzo, C.A. (2025). Assessment of Diagnostic Value of Post Mortem Tongue Tip Fluids for Disease Detection in Growing Pigs. Animals, 15(16):2434. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15162434.

  18. Mena-Vasquez J, Marco-Fuertes A, Culhane M, Torremorell M. (2025). Emerging threats of HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in swine: knowledge gaps and the imperative for a One Health approach. Front Vet Sci, 12:1648878. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1648878.

  19. Meneguzzi M, Bravo J, Gaire TN, Ferm PM, Torremorell M, Boucher C, Noyes NR. (2025). Enriched Long-Read Sequencing of Co-circulating Viruses in Complex Samples. Mol Biol Evol. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaf261.

  20. Mil-Homens M, Silva G, Holtkamp D, Linhares D, Osemeke O, Dion K, Baker K, Robbins R, Sparks J, Jensen R, Arruda A, Corzo CA, VanderWaal K, Kikuti M, Yeske P, Glowzenski L, Gillespie T, Petznick T, Lopez W. (2025). Proposing a clinical case definition for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus outbreaks in sow herds based on key productivity indicators. J Swine Health Prod. https://doi.org/10.54846/jshap/1422.

  21. Miller L.C., Anderson S.J., Buckley A., Schirtzinger E.E., Hasan M., Sarlo Davila K.M., Fleming D.S., Lager K.M., Li J., Sang Y. (2025).* Replication-Competent Recombinant Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) Virus Expressing Antiviral Cytokine Interferon-ω5 as a Modified Live Virus Vaccine. Veterinary Microbiology, 301, 110366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110366

  22. Miller L.C., Anderson S.J., Buckley A., Schirtzinger E.E., Hasan M., Sarlo Davila K.M., Fleming D., Lager K.M., Li J., Sang Y. (2025).* Vaccine Efficacy of a Replication-Competent Interferon-Expressing Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) Virus Against NADC-34 Challenge. Vaccines, 13, 413. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13040413.

  23. Montecillo A.D., Baybay Z.K., Ferrer J.B.C., Cariaso W., Pantua A., Jose J.P., Madera R., Shi J., Doysabas K.C., Dargantes A., Dargantes K.A.T., Boongaling A.R.A., Manglicmot A.P., Villegas L.C., Pantua H.D. (2025). Genetic Profiles of Ten African Swine Fever Virus Strains from Outbreaks in Select Provinces of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, Philippines, Between 2021 and 2023. Viruses, 17(4), 588. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17040588.

  24. Noel A, Zhang JQ, Guo B, Nedempun W, Sitthicharoenchai P, Phillips R, Kunze M, Gomez-Duran O, Groeltz-Thrush J, Rahe E, and Rahe MC. T cell-mediated clearance of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) from the lung characterized by machine learning analysis in vaccinated and unvaccinated pigs. Vaccine. 2025 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127793

  25. Osemeke O, Silva GS, Corzo CA, Kikuti M, Vadnais S, Yue X, Linhares D, Holtkamp D. (2025). Economic impact of productivity losses attributable to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in United States pork production, 2016-2020. Prev Vet Med. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106627.

  26. Otchere, S., Shrestha, P., Parmar, H. N., Perry, J. F., Hofmeister, B. L., Steyn, M., Kaushik, R. S., Hoppe, A. D., Thiex, N. W., Hanson, R. L., Lopez-Mosqueda, J., & Imre, G. (2025). ALIX mediates reversible gasdermin-D pore formation via the endosomal pathway to limit pyroptosis by active membrane repair. Cell Death & Disease, 16(1):681. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-025-07998-y.

  27. Pamornchainavakul, N.; Paploski, I.A.D.; Makau, D.N.; Baker, J.; Huang, J.; Ferreira, C.P.; Corzo, C.A.; Rovira, A.; Cheeran, M.C.J.; Lycett, S.; Doeschl-Wilson, A.; Schroeder, D.C.; VanderWaal, K. (2025). Experimental evidence of vaccine-driven evolution of PRRSV-2. Virus Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/veaf056.

  28. Paploski, I.A.D.; Kikuti, M.; Yue, X.; Melini, C.M.; Canturri, A.; Rossow, S.; Corzo, C.A. (2025). Optimizing PRRSV Detection: The Impact of Sample Processing and Testing Strategies on Tongue Tips. Pathogens, 14(10):1028. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14101028.

  29. Parker TB, Meiklejohn KA, Machado G, Rahe MC, Darrow BS, Ferreira JB. Evaluation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus RNA contamination on swine industry transportation vehicles. Prev Vet Med. 2025 Apr;237:106447. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106447.

  30. Rahe M. C., Byrne J. J., Meritet D., Gruber E., Langel S. N., Crisci E.* (2025). Case Report: The effect of asplenia on the response to influenza vaccination and passive transfer of immunity in an adult female pig. Frontiers in Immunology 16 – 2025. 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1568142 https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1568142

  31. Rahman M, Uyeki TM, Peiris M, Cardwell JM, Nguipdop-Djomo P, Kim M, Alamgir ASM, Muraduzzaman AKM, Sarkar S, Giasuddin M, Hoque MA, Torremorell M, Rahman M, Fournié G, Pfeiffer DU, Flora MS, Mangtani P. (2025). A cross-sectional virological and sero-epidemiological study of exposures to avian influenza A(H5N1) and A(H9N2) viruses in live bird market workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Influenza Other Respir Viruses, 19(11):e70189. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70189.

  32. Safari, M., Fleming, C., Galvis, J.A., Deka, A., Sanchez, F., Machado, G., and Yeh, C. "ACFD-informed barn-level swine disease dissemination model and its use for ventilation optimization." Epidemics (2025). DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2025.100835

  33. Schambow, R.A., Carrasquillo, N., Kreindel, S., and Perez, A.M. (2025). An Update on Active and Passive Surveillance for African Swine Fever in the Dominican Republic. Scientific Reports, 15:2244. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86690-9.

  34. Schambow, R.A., Schultze ML, Perez AM. (2025). Scoping review of disease surveillance practices and veterinary care use in small-scale swine farms in the United States. Animals, 15(11):1620. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15111620

  35. Schwartz M, Snow C, Torremorell M, Rendahl A, Pieters M. (2025). Detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2 in air emissions from grow-finish barns. Vet Rec, 196(7):e5127. https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.5127.

  36. Shang P, Li Y, Napthine S, Chen C, Brierley I, Firth A, Fang Y. (2025). An intra-family conserved high-order RNA structure within the M ORF is important for arterivirus subgenomic RNA accumulation and infectious virus production. Journal of Virology, e0216724.

  37. Silva, J.P.H.; Rossow, S.; Paploski, I.A.D.; Kikuti, M.; Corzo, C.A.; VanderWaal, K. (2025). Complete Genome and Recombination Analysis of a Novel Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 (Variant 1H.18) Identified in the Midwestern USA. Viruses. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17060863.

  38. Sirisereewan C, Byrne JJ, Sulaiman L, Williams A, Hause BM, Ferreira JB, Almond GW, Gabriel B, De Groot AS, Käser T, Machado G, Crisci E*. Establishment of Immune Biobank for Vaccine Immunogenicity Prediction Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods Against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Vaccines 2025, 13(10), 1052. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13101052

  39. Skyes AL, Galvis JA, O’Hara K, Holmstrom L, Corzo C, Machado G. (2025). Identifying control strategies to eliminate African swine fever in the United States swine industry in under 12 months. Prev Vet Med. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106598.

  40. Steyn MS, Lawson E, Nelson G. Imre. (2025). Protocol of Double Staining Method for Simultaneous Detection of PRRSV Virus-Infected and Dying Cell Populations by Flow Cytometry. Star Protocols 6(1):103688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2025.103688.

  41. Storms SM, Shisler J, Nguyen TH, Zuckermann FA, Lowe JF. (2024). Lateral flow paired with RT-LAMP: A speedy solution for Influenza A virus detection in swine. Vet Microbiol, 296:110174.

  42. Sykes, A.L., Galvis, J.A., O'Hara, K.C., Holmstrom, L., Corzo, C., and Machado, G." Identifying control strategies to eliminate African swine fever in the United States swine industry in under 12 months." Preventive Veterinary Medicine (2025). DOI:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106598

  43. Tang J, Su C-M, Fang W, Wang L, Yoo D. (2025). Coinfection with bacterial pathogens and genetic modification of PRRSV-2 for suppression of NF-κB and attenuation of proinflammatory responses. Virology, 606:110484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2025.110484.

  44. Umrao S, Dwivedy A, Gandavadi D, Chen C, Zhou L, Duan J, Mareddy V, Fang Y, Wang X. (2025). DNA Nanostructure-Templated Multivalency Enables Broad-Spectrum Virus Inhibition. Adv Sci (Weinh). e13710.

  45. VanderWaal K.; Pamornchainavakul N.; Kikuti M.; Zhang J.; Zeller M.; Trevisan, G.; Rossow S.; Paploski I.A.D. (2025). PRRSV-2 variant classification: a dynamic omenclature for enhanced monitoring and surveillance. mSphere. https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00709-24.

  46. Vo Dinh Chuong, Rachel A. Schambow, Nguyen Thi Diep, Phan Quang, Minh, Nguyen Van Long, Bui Thi To Nga, and Andres M. Perez. (2025). Epidemiology and Control of African Swine Fever in Vietnam: a Scoping Review. Pathogens.

  47. Vu Manh TP, Frias-De-Diego A, Byrne J, Williams A, Sirisereewan C, Hicks J, Liu HC, Crisci E. Mitochondrial dysfunction in PRRSV-2 infected macrophages. Frontiers in immunology 2025, 16 DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2025.1670488

  48. Wang L, Moran J, Yang M, Olson BA, Hogan CJ Jr, Torremorell M. (2025). Size distribution and viral load of influenza virus-laden airborne particles emitted from pigs over the course of an H1N1 infection. Sci Rep, 15(1):33301. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-18467-z.

  49. Wang L, Moran J, Yang M, Olson BA, Hogan CJ Jr, Torremorell M. (2025). Evaluation of an electrostatic precipitator in mitigating the transmission of airborne viruses in experimentally infected pigs. Vet Res, 56(1):77. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-025-01503-1.

  50. Wang L., Li Y., Zhang X., Madera R., Pantua H., Craig A., Muro N., Li D., Retallick J., Ferreyra F.M., Truong Q.L., Nguyen L.T., Shi J. (2025). Specific Detection of African Swine Fever Virus Variants: Novel Quadplex Real-Time PCR Assay with Internal Control. Microorganisms, 13(3), 615. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13030615..

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