S1000: Animal Manure and Waste Utilization, Treatment and Nuisance Avoidance for a Sustainable Agriculture (S275)

(Multistate Research Project)

Status: Inactive/Terminating

Project Menu

SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[12/10/2002] [11/13/2003] [06/22/2004] [02/10/2005] [06/05/2006] [11/11/2007] [05/24/2007]

Date of Annual Report: 12/10/2002

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 09/26/2002 - 09/28/2002
Period the Report Covers: 07/01/2001 - 06/01/2002

Participants

Angel, Roselina, University of Maryland, rangel@wam.umd.edu;
Applegate, Todd, Purdue Univ., applegt@purdue.edu;
Bicudo, Jose, Univ. of Kentucky, jbicudo@bae.uky.edu;
Classen, John, NC State Univ., classen@eos.ncsu.edu;
Converse, Jim, Univ. of Wisconsin, jcconver@facstaff.wisc.edu;
Cromwell, Gary, Univ. of Kentucky, gcromwel@ca.uky.edu;
Evers, Gerald, Evers, Texas A&M Univ., g-evers@tamu.edu;
Fotenot, Joe, Virginia Tech, cajunjoe@vt.edu;
Goodrich, Phil, Univ of Minnesota, goodrich@tc.umn.edu;
Jacobson, Larry, Univ of Minnesota, jacob007@tc.umn.edu;
Lacewell, Ron, Lacewell, Texas A&M Univ., r-lacewell@tamu.edu;
Mukhtar, Saqib, Texas A&M Univ., mukhjtar@tamu.edu;
McCaskey, Tom, Auburn Univ., tmccaske@acesag.auburn.edu;
Meisinger, Jack, USDA-ARS, jmeising@anri.barc.usda.gov;
Meyer, Deanne, U C Davis, dmeyer@ucdavis.edu;
Miner, Ron, Oregon State Univ, minerj@engr.orst.edu;
Newton, Larry, Univ. of Georgia, fig@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu;
Powers, Wedy, Iowa State Univ., wpowers@iastate.edu;
Rozum, Mary Ann, CSREES-USDA, mrozum@reeusda.gov;
Stanton, Tim, Colorado State Univ, tstanton@lamar.colostate.edu;
Sutton, Al, Purdue Univ., asutton@purdue.edu;
von Bernuth, Bob, Mich State Univ., vonbern@msu.edu;
Westerman, Phil, NC State Univ., phil_westerman@ncsu.edu;
Wood, Wes, Auburn Univ., wwood@ag.auburn.edu;
Wu, Zhigio, Penn State Univ., ziw1@psu.edu;
Yang, PY, Yang, Univ. of Hawaii, pingyi@hawaii.edu;
Zhu, Jun, Zhu, Univ of Minnesota, zhuxx034@umn.edu;

Brief Summary of Minutes

Meeting was called to order by Chair Powers at 8:30 am.

Ted Funk (IL), Wendy Powers, Gerald Evers, Larry Jacobson, John Classen, Al Sutton, Tom McCasky, Tim Stanton, Ron Miner, Phil Westerman, P.Y. Yang, Wes Wood, Jim Converse, Larry Newton, Harold Keener (OH), Jack Meisinger, Roselina Angel, Saqib Muktar, Todd Applegate, Jose Bicudo, Bob von Bernuth, Joe Fontenot, Gary Cromwell, Jun Zhu, Deanne Meyer, Zinghou Wu, Mary Ann Rozum, Ron Lacewell, Phill Goodrich, K.G. Karthikeyan

Larry Jacobson (host) provided the group with logistical information. Kevin Janni, Head of Department of Biosystems and Ag engineering, F. Abel Ponce de Leon, Head, of Department of Animal Science provided welcomes and greetings. Members and visitors were introduced.

Advisor Lacewll and CSREES Representative Rozum gave an overview of important items for the group to note:

7 EQIP has innovative solutions technologies competitive grants $35 to 70 million for development and research

7 Impacts of S-1000 activities must be included in the annual report.

7 Must submit report via the web

7 Need to emphasize collaborative efforts among institutions (a key objective of regional research)

Business meeting:

Phil Westerman elected secretary

Selection for next years location: Committee of Rosalina Angel, Todd Applegate, Larry Jacobson, and Deanne Meyer. Recommendation of Hawaii. San Antonio, Colorado. Colorado was selected. Timing needs to be considered due to the meeting in Raleigh. Ft. Collins. Have meeting shortly after September 11.

Standardized format for reports. Important to be sure each group submits information for the secretary to use. Is there a way to link to CRIS database. Wendy will do this draft.

Thanks to Wes Woods for establishing the website. Full reports could be put on the website. Links of interest. Linked to SARE 17 group, sites in TX,

The list server is going away in winter. The group will use Wes Woods server.

Meeting format: Discussion for meeting format. Performance based outcomes. Can we connect the dots between research conducted and delivered outcomes. Air and Water Quality outcomes. Limit reports to 5 to 6 minutes. Allow write up of report. Focus on implementation of results and collaboration.

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

OBJ 1, T 1. DEVELOP MANAGEMENT TOOLS, STRATEGIES AND SYSTEMS FOR LAND APPLICATION OF ANIMAL MANURES AND EFFLUENTS THAT OPTIMIZE EFFICIENT, ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY UTILIZATION OF NUTRIENTS AND ARE COMPATIBLE WITH SUSTAINED LAND AND WATER QUALITY. T 1. Methods to reduce nutrient movement from land application sites into surface and groundwater. Work with variable rate slurry spreader technology has been done (IL) to more precisely target nutrient application and minimize nutrient movement to surface or groundwater. Amelioration of P overloaded soils via tillage and forage system selection continues (AL). Closely planted hybrid poplar trees have been used to mitigate lagoons at closure (NC, OR). T 2. Quantify gaseous emissions into the air from land application sites. AL, GA, AL, MD. Gas emissions from land-applied manure on pasture (AL and GA), sorghum and small grain crops (AL and MD), and no-tilled, deep-subsoil tilled and conventional tilled soybean row crops (GA) will be compared. Manure types include broiler litter, dairy slurry, swine effluent and pasture grazed cattle manure. Ammonia and particulate emissions inventories for beef were conducted (TX). Ammonia volatilization was quantified from three circular bermudagrass plots (NC, SC). Volatilization rates were quantified using a passive field scale technique. T 3. Reduce movement of zoonotic pathogens from land application sites. Control of manure pH was evaluated as a means to reduce pathogen load in manure (AL). Researchers also utilized alkaline earth and metal salts for pH and odor control. An alum (2%) and lime (2%) combination was used to reduce E. coli and S. typhimurium. T 4. Improve accuracy of manure land application in accordance with best management practices for nutrient planning. Combining manure with additional N will increase yield and P uptake from the soil (TX). A ryegrass-bermudagrass system removed about 30 to 50% more P than the clover-bermudagrass system the first 2 years. Poultry manure was applied to forage crop based on P needs. It was overseeded with legume to meet additional N needs. Turf grass was used to export manure N and P. Manure nutrient application rates were quantified (CA) through lagoon effluent metering in conjunction with use of an on-farm quick test to target nutrient application. Work in IA evaluated the distribution uniformity of existing manure spreaders. Work in IA related to swine hoop systems was designed to evaluate the seasonal patterns of N mineralization and the synchronization of soil N release patterns with crop growth and nutrient uptake. A prototype was developed for a variable rate technology slurry spreader (IL). Application of alum to liquid dairy manure converted soluble P to insoluble P (99%) when adequate rates were applied and pH was controlled (TX). However, these alum rates cost more than $388 per 100,000 gallons treated. Addition of Polyacrylamide was effective to enhance solids separation when combined with alum treatment. OBJ 2. DEVELOP, EVALUATE, AND REFINE PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES IN ENGINEERED AND NATURAL SYSTEMS FOR MANAGEMENT OF MANURES AND OTHER WASTES. T 1. Develop and evaluate innovative applications of engineered biological treatment processes to stabilize waste, reduce odor, and manage nutrients. Scientists in OH, TX and CO have worked to develop and evaluate effectiveness of mortality composting to provide an alternative to the escalating costs and decreasing availability of rendering. Aeration and solid liquid separation have been evaluated (MN, CA). Work continues with short retention time anaerobic digestion to reduce odor (HI). A group of U.S. Universities are participating in the evaluation of an ASBR (Alternating SBR) system designed to serve a single hog facility as part of a cooperative project with Taiwan. The goal is to achieve a zero discharge system in which the residual sludge is air dried. Researchers in IA, NC, OH, and MI have worked together to provide uniform technical and economic comparison of four new swine housing/manure collection systems currently receiving considerable attention: the scraper for fecal/urine isolation (MI), deep-bedded hoop structure (IA), the high-rise hog house (OH) and the belt system (NC). Common goals of these systems are to reduce the liquid stream and/or rapid separation of the liquids and solids to reduce ammonia volatilization, reduce odor, minimize or eliminate liquid treatment system costs and develop alternative techniques for solids utilization. The protocol developed allows analyses of nutrient balance, air quality, animal performance, and economics. T 2. Develop and evaluate vegetated or aquaculture- based treatment systems for treating wastewater or runoff from concentrated feeding operations or land application sites. Duck-weed was used to remove nutrients from dilute effluent (NC). Cryptospyridium Parvum (C. parvum) was evaluated in overland and near-surface flow under simulated rainfall conditions (IL). The vegetation acted as an effective barrier allowing for oocyst entrapment, adsorption to the plant material and infiltration of the oocysts through the soil profile. Oocysts were detected in near-surface flow for both bare-ground and vegetative conditions. Vegetative filters were evaluated to reduce sediment and nutrient runoff (IL). Additional work in MN evaluated the effectiveness of biofilter media types following heavy rainfalls. Evaluation of data for a long term (10 year) study has begun for constructed wetlands (AL) with poultry waste. T 3. Develop and evaluate physical and chemical treatments for recovering or stabilizing manure solids or manure treatment by-products for improved utilization alternatives. T 4. Develop and evaluate biological or thermochemical treatment of animal manures for conversion into value-added products. A thermochemical conversion liquefaction project was conducted on swine manure in IL to develop crude oil. Bench-scale facilities were developed to further study of thermochemical conversion (TCC) of manure solids into a crude oil product was conducted (IL) to improve oil yield and post process water quality. The effects of the addition of anhydrous Na2CO3 on the conversion efficiency and quality of oil and aqueous products derived from the TCC of swine manure were evaluated. Lower conversion of volatile solids to oil was achieved for tests with higher Na2CO3 concentrations. A co-firing technology for coal and broiler litter (BL) to generate power was evaluated (TX). Ultimate and proximate analyses were performed on excreted broiler manure (EM), cleanout litter (CL), dried and ground litter(DL), coal, and a 90:10 blend of coal and CL (C90:DL10)to determine BL fuel quality and characteristics. BL fuels were higher in N, S, and ash but lower in heating values than those for coal. The ash composition of EM and CL indicated that these fuels are likely to cause fouling and corrosion in a boiler burner due to greater concentration of ash and its higher volatile oxides composition as compared to coal. The 90:10 blend (C90:DL10) exhibited fuel quality and cost ($/GJ) similar to coal. Composting was carried out for manure (swine, dairy, broiler litter and caged layer) in OH. A three-cell composting system separated by large hay bales was used for composting equine and bovine carcasses (TX). Horse bedding (horse manure and wood shavings) was used as a co-composting material. OBJ 3. Develop methodology, technology, and management practices to reduce odors, gases, airborne microflora, particulate matter, and other airborne emissions from animal production systems. T 1. Develop standard methods of collection, measurement, and categorizing or reporting of airborne emissions (odors, gases, particulates, endotoxins, pathogens, and other materials) from animal production operations. Multi-state collaborative activities have been involved in this task. Much of the work has been accomplished under an IFAFS grant (MN, IL, IN). Continuous measurement of NH3, H2S, and CO2 has been accomplished through an instrument trailer that can be transported from site to site and provides real time data. The focus of the research is on swine systems. Other work in IA identified the compositional differences that occur in air samples collected from dairy, swine, and poultry facilities thereby necessitating the development of novel strategies of odor evaluation. T 2. Determine short and long term impacts of airborne emissions from animal production units. Site selection tools or models to assist in avoiding or minimizing selection problems have been developed by MN, ID, and IA. The OFFSET program (MN) was adopted by the state regulatory agency to assist in site selection. Work from IA characterized emissions from swine facilities in Iowa and to study of the downwind movement of these emissions. Onsite, samples were analyzed for hydrogen sulfide and ammonia concentration. Samples were also collected for analysis by gas chromatography of volatile compounds and olfactometry. T 3. Emission control technology development and selection for site-specific cases. Permeable cover installed at a swine farm in NC was evaluated(OR, NC). It was effective in odor control and nearly complete elimination of ammonia emissions. A wet scrubber on an exhaust fan was tested in the laboratory to optimize contact time and gaseous adsorption by the water within the scrubber (IL). Results indicated that the removal efficiency for ammonia was 29 and 26% for water pressures of 30 and 60 psi, respectively. A commercial negative pressure lagoon cover evaluated (IL). Gases exhausted from the fan were tested for odors and sampled chemically. Results indicated that the negative pressure cover was more effective at reducing ammonia emissions. The lagoon cover was effective in significant reduction of odor emissions. A filter testing apparatus was built to allow evaluation of sheet-form filter materials as odor filters for building exhaust fans. Unprocessed wool was tested in two different filter configurations, using olfactometry to determine odor removal rates. The test facility and procedure proved convenient and reliable for testing wool filter materials. Obj 4. Develop and evaluate feeding systems for their potential to alter the excretion of environmentally-sensitive nutrients by livestock. Kentucky, IN, MD, IA, MI, and DE have worked independently and collaboratively with swine and poultry. Researchers in PA worked on N reduction in dairy cattle diets. Studies to evaluate dietary effects on ammonia emissions from grower-finisher swine and evaluate fecalurine segregation, pH adjustment, and urease inhibition impact on ammonia release were cpnducted (IA). T 1. Develop and evaluate strategies to reduce P excretion from livestock. Improving phytase efficiency (IN, MD, IA) and a new phytase (NY, IN) were studied for poultry. Effect of ionic compounds on nutrient retention was evaluated (IN). Scientists have evaluated the benefit of low phytate corn, low phytate soybean meal (with and without supplemental phytase) as a means to reduce total P excreted for both poultry and swine (KY). Broiler P requirements were studied through a feed to processing group of studies conducted by MD, IA, and IN. Work in AL focused on fecal P in horse manure. In the fecal P excretion in horses fed typical diets with and without added phytase project, fecal P excretion was characterized in eight yearling geldings (Equus caballus) fed four typical diets, with and without added phytase. T 2. Evaluate and quantify excretion of non-nutrient pollutants from animal agriculture. Scientists in TN have continued to work on quantifying presence of 17b-estradiol in dairy manure and manure effluents.

Publications

Arogo, J., P. W. Westerman, A. J. Heber, W. P. Robarge and J. J. Classen. 2001. Ammonia emissions from animal feeding operations. White paper sponsored by the National Center for Manure and Animal Waste Management, Published by MWPS (also available on CD), Ames, IA. 63 pg. Auvermann, B., R. Bottcher, A. Heber, D. Meyer, C.B. Parnell, Jr., B. Shaw, and J. Worley. 2001. Particulate Matter Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations. National Center for Manure and Animal Waste Management. Available through midwest plan service at http://www.mwpshq.org. Chaiprapat, S., J. Cheng, J.J. Classen, J.J. Ducoste, and S.K. Liehr (In press) Modeling nitrogen transport in duckweed pond for secondary treatment of swine wastewater. Journal of Environmental Engineering. Cheng, J. and B. Liu. 2002. Swine wastewater treatment in anaerobic digesters with floating medium. Transactions of the ASAE 45(3): 799-805. Cheng, J., B.A. Bergmann, J.J. Classen, A.M. Stomp, and J.W. Howard. 2002. Nutrient recovery from swine lagoon water by Spirodela punctata. Bioresource Technology 81(1): 81-85. Cheng, J., L. Landesman, B.A. Bergmann, J.J. Classen, J.W. Howard, and Y.T. Yamamoto. (In press) Nutrient removal from swine lagoon liquid by Lemna minor 8627. Transactions of the ASAE. De Visscher, A., L. A. Harper, P. W. Westerman, Z. Liang, J. Arogo, R. R. Sharpe and O. Van Cleemput. 2002. Ammonia emissions from anaerobic swine lagoons: Model development. J. Applied Meteorology 41:426-433. Ekinci, K., H.M. Keener and D.L. Elwell. 2002. Composting short paper fiber with broiler litter and additives. II. Evaluation and optimization of decomposition rate versus mixing ratio. Compost Science & Utilization. 10(1):16-28. Elwell, D.L. J.-H. Hong, and H.M. Keener. 2002. Composting hog manure/sawdust mixtures using intermittent and continuous aeration. Ammonia emissions. Compost Science & Utilization. 10(2):142-149. Elwell, D.L., H.M. Keener, M.C. Wiles, D.C. Borger and L.B. Willett. 2001. Odorous emissions and odor control in composting swine manure/sawdust mixes using continuous and intermittent aeration. Transactions of the ASAE. 44(5):1307-1316. Evers, G. W. 2002. Ryegrass-bermudagrass production and nutrient uptake when combining nitrogen fertilizer with broiler litter. Agron. J. 94:905-910. Gaudreau, J.E., D.M. Vietor, R.H. White, T.L. Provin, and C.L. Munster. 2002. Response of Turf and Quality of Water Runoff to Manure and Fertilizer. J. Environ. Qual. 31:1316-1322. Gralapp, A.K., W.J. Powers, M.A. Faust and D.S. Bundy. 2002. Effects of dietary ingredients on manure characteristics and odorous emissions from swine. J. Anim. Sci. 80(6):1512-1519. Guo, H., L.D. Jacobson, D.R. Schmidt, R.E. Nicolai. 2001. Calibrating INPUFF-2 Model by Resident-Receptors for Long-Distance Odor Dispersion from Animal Feedlots. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, ASAE, Vol. 17(6): 859-868. Hill, V. R., A. Kantardjieff, M. D. Sobsey and P. W. Westerman. 2002. Reduction of enteric microbes in flushed swine wastewater treated by a biological aerated filter and UV radiation. Water Environ. Res. 74(1):91-99. Janni, K.A and D. R. Schmidt. 2002. Correlation of Odor with Air and Manure Chemistry. Final report to the Minnesota Environmental Quality Board (EQB). January 15, 2002. Janni, K.A and D. R. Schmidt. 2002. Emissions of Ammonia, Hydrogen Sulfide, Odor, and Particulate Matter. Final report to the Minnesota Environmental Quality Board (EQB) and the Minnesota Department of Agriculture (MDA). January 15, 2002. Keener, H.M., D.L. Elwell, and D. Grande. 2001. Atmospheric NH3 concentrations and N-balances for 1.6 million caged layer facility - manure belt/composting system vs deep pit operation. Transactions of ASAE. Accepted. Keener, H.M., D.L. Elwell K. Ekinci and H.A.J. Hointink. 2001. Composting & value-added utilization of manure from a High-RiseTM swine finishing facility. Compost Science & Utilization. 9(4):312-321. Keener, H.M., D.L. Elwell, T. Menke and R. Stowell. 2001. Design and performance of a high-rise hog facility manure drying bed. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 17(5):xxxx Keener, H.M., S.S. Foster, S.J. Moeller, D.L. Elwell. 2002f. Dealing with dead livestock. Resource. 9(8):9-10. Liang, Z. S., P. W. Westerman and J. Arogo. 2002. Modeling ammonia emission from swine anaerobic lagoons. Transactions of the ASAE 45(3):787-798. Meyer, D. 2002. Manure/effluent management. Systems design and government regulations in Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences. Eds. H. Roginski, P. Fox, and J. Fuquay. Academic Press. Powers, W.J. 2002. ADSA Foundation Lecture: Keeping science in the environmental regulatory process; the role of the animal scientist. J.Dairy Sci. (accepted). Powers, W.J. and L.A. Flatow. 2002. Effects of flocculent and flocculation rates on solids and phosphorus precipitation in dilute swine manure. Appl. Engng. Agric. (in press). Sanderson, Matt A., R.M. Jones, M.J.McFarland, Jason Stroup, R.L. Reed, and J.P Muir. 2001. Nutrient movement and removal in a switchgrass biomass-filter strip system treated with dairy manure. J. Environ. Qual. 30:210-216. Sherlock, R.R., S.G. Sommer, R.Z. Khan, C.W. Wood, E.A. Guertal, J.R. Freney C.O. Dawson, and K.C. Cameron. 2002. Emission of Ammonia, Nitrous Oxide and Methane from Pig Slurry Applied to a Pasture in New Zealand. J. Environ. Qual. 31:1491-1501. Sutton, A., T. Applegate, S. Hankins, B. Hill, G. Allee, W. Greene, R. Kohn, D. Meyer, W. Powers, T. Van Kempen. 2002. Manipulation of animal diets to affect manure production, composition, and odors: State of the Science. National Center for Waste Management White Paper. Published by Midwest Plan Service, Ames, IA. Sweeten, J. M., L. Jacobson, A. J. Heber, D. Schmidt, J. Lorimor, P. Westerman, J. R. Miner, R. Zhang, M. Williams and B. W. Auverman. 2001. Odor mitigation for concentrated animal feeding operations. White paper sponsored by the National Center for Manure and Animal Waste Management, Published by MWPS (also available on CD), Ames, IA. 50 pg. Thompson, R. B. and J. J. Meisinger. 2002. Management factors affecting ammonia volatilization from land-applied cattle slurry in the Mid-Atlantic US. J. Environ. Quality 31:1329-1338. Traylor, S.L., G.L. Cromwell, M.D. Lindemann, and D.A. Knabe. 2001. Effects of level of supplemental phytase on ileal digestibility of amino acids, calcium, and phosphorus in dehulled soybean meal for growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 79:2634-2642. University of Iowa and Iowa State University. 2002. Iowa concentrated animal feeding operations air quality study. A peer-reviewed report submitted to Director Vonk, Iowa Department of Natural Resource. Developed at the request of Gov. Vilsak. Van Kempem, T.A.T.G., W.J. Powers, and A. Sutton. 2002. Technical note: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as an optical nose for predicting odor sensation. J. Anim. Sci. 80(6):1524-1527. Vietor, D.M., E.N. Griffith, R.H. white, T.L. Provin, J.P. Muir, and J.C. Read. 2002. Export of manure phosphorus and nitrogen in turfgrass sod. J. Environ. Qual. 31:1731-1738. Westerman, P. W. and J. R. Bicudo. 2002. Application of mixed and aerated pond for nitrification and denitrification of flushed swine manure. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 18(3):351-358. Wiles, M.C.,D.L. Elwell, H.M. Keener, J.C. Amburgey, D.C. Borger and L.B. Willett. 2001. Volatile fatty acid emissions during composting of swine waste amended with sawdust as a measure of odor potential. Compost Science & Utilization 9(1):27-37. Willett, L. B., D.C. Borger, D.L. Elwell, and H.M. Keener. 2002. Initial concentrations and disappearance of selected malodorous compounds from fresh and aged dairy manures. Toxicologist 55: (accepted) Yang, P.Y., Chen, H.J. and Kim, S.J. 2002. Integrating EMMC process for biological removal of carbon and nitrogen from diluted swine wastewater for agricultural reuse. Bioresource Technology. In Press. Thesis and Dissertations Anderson, J.B. 2002. Animal Waste Lagoon Renovation by Pumping of Undisturbed Deep Sludge. Masters Thesis. BioSystems Engineering Dept., Auburn University, Auburn, AL. Ekinci. K. 2001. (H.M. Keener, advisor). Theoretical and Experimental Studies on the Effects of Aeration Strategies on the Composting Process. Ph.D. Dissertation. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. Nicolai, R.E. 2002. Biofiltration of Livestock Facility Exhaust Air. PhD thesis, Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN. 55108. For a complete list of publications including conference proceedings, station reports, and abstracts please visit our website at http://www.ag.auburn.edu/aaes/s1000/pubs_list.htm

Impact Statements

Data generated in objective 4 have been used in the revision to ASAE D384.1 standard.
Numerous individuals reported that tools were developed and are being disseminated to assist producers track nutrient applications and show compliance with regulations.
Demonstration that manure spreading/application equipment can be calibrated and effectively apply nutrients uniformly, increases the livestock operator's confidence in use of manure nutrients for plant nutrients.
Significant progress has been accomplished to standardize emission measurements and techniques. This will improve precision of estimating emissions.
Numerous individuals identified educational programs with focus to improve producer understanding of manure nutrients.

Date of Annual Report: 11/13/2003

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 09/24/2003 - 09/26/2003
Period the Report Covers: 07/01/2002 - 06/01/2003

Participants

Angel, Roselina, University of Maryland, rangel@umd.edu; Applegate, Todd, Purdue Univ., applegt@purdue.edu; Auvermann, Brent, Texas A & M Univ., b-auvermann@tamu.edu; Bundy, Dwaine, Iowa St. Univ., dsbundy@iastate.edu; Cromwell, Gary, Univ. of Kentucky, gcromwel@ca.uky.edu; Davis, Jessica, Colorado St. Univ., jgdavis@lamar.colostate.edu; Dean, Roger, US EPA, dean.roger@epa.gov; Evers, Gerald, Texas A&M Univ., g-evers@tamu.edu; Fotenot, Joe, Virginia Tech, cajunjoe@vt.edu; Funk, Ted, Univ. of Illinois, funkt@uiuc.edu; Green, Wayne, Texas A&M Univ., wgreene@tamu.edu; Hegg, Richard, USDA-CSREES, rhegg@csrees.usda.gov; Hubbard, Robert, Univ. of Georgia, hubbard@tifton.usda.gov; Jacobson, Larry, Univ of Minnesota, jacob007@tc.umn.edu; Karthikeyan, K. G., Univ. of Wisconsin, kkarthikeyan@wisc.edu; Keener, Harold, Ohio St. Univ., keener.3@osu.edu; Lacewell, Ron, Texas A&M Univ., r-lacewell@tamu.edu; Larson, John, US EPA, larson.john@epa.gov; Meyer, Deanne, U C Davis, dmeyer@ucdavis.edu; Miner, Ron, Oregon State Univ, minerj@engr.orst.edu; Newton, Larry, Univ. of Georgia, fig@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu; Poach, Matthew, USDA-ARS, poach@florence.ars.usda.gov; Powers, Wendy, Iowa State Univ., wpowers@iastate.edu; Stanton, Tim, Colorado State Univ, tstanton@lamar.colostate.edu; Trabue, Steven, USDA-ARS, trabe@nsnc.ars.usda.gov; von Bernuth, Bob, Mich State Univ., vonbern@msu.edu; Ward, Janice, USGS, jward@usga.gov; Westerman, Phil, NC State Univ., phil_westerman@ncsu.edu; Yang, PY, Univ. of Hawaii, pingyi@hawaii.edu; Zhang, Ruihong, Univ. of Calif.-Davis, rhzhang@ucdavis.edu; Zhu, Jun, Univ of Minnesota, zhuxx034@umn.edu

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes from S-1000 Annual Meeting

Ft. Collins, CO Sept. 24-26, 2003

Attendees were: Roselina Angel, Todd Applegate, Brent Auvermann, Dwaine Bundy, Gary Cromwell, Jessica Davis, Gerald Evers, Joe Fontenot, Ted Funk, Wayne Green, Richard Hegg, Robert Hubbard, Larry Jacobson, K. G. Karthikeyan, Harold Keener, Ron Lacewell, Deanne Meyer, Ron Miner, Larry Newton, Matt Poach, Wendy Powers, Tim Stanton, Steven Trabue, Robert von Bermuth, Phil Westerman, P. Y. Yang, Ruihong Zhang, Jun Zhu, and visitors (Roger Dean and John Larson of US EPA, Denver; Janice Ward of USGS, Denver).

The meeting was called to order by Chair, Larry Jacobson, at 8:00 am 9/24. Self introduction of all attendees followed. Welcome was given by Bill Wailes, Interim Dept. Head of Animal Science at Colorado St. University. He said that he appreciates the good science that this group provides, and that we will continue to need to respond to challenges to provide science for important environmental issues. Comments were then given by S-1000 Administrative Advisor Ron Lacewell regarding our continued need to address critical issues such as air quality and ammonia emissions, and to emphasize our accomplishments each year. CSREES Representative Richard Hegg then discussed national funding programs and priorities, the need to have national coordination of animal waste management programs and a draft proposal of how this might occur, and that EPA is trying to identify research needs related to CAFO rules. Marc Johnson, Vice Provost of Agriculture and Outreach, Dean of the College of Agriculture, Colorado St. University then discussed how we are dealing with an important set of issues that have increasing new challenges affected by animal welfare, environmental management, pathogen concerns, and economic issues of externalities. Deanne Meyer then proposed a general format for next year‘s meeting for the group to be thinking about. She proposed holding the meeting in Washington, D. C. and inviting representatives from various agencies to have information exchange. The remainder of the day included station reports and two invited presentations from Colorado St. University faculty: (1) Antibiotics in manure and lagoons by Ken Carlson, and (2) Evaluation of an electronic nose for characterizing agricultural odor by Steve Reynolds.

The second day, 9/25, included the business meeting, station reports, a presentation on "Permitting Challenges with CAFO‘s" by Tom Haren of AgPro, LLC, and a tour of ARDEC facilities.

Minutes of Business Meeting:

Chair Larry Jacobson called the business meeting to order at 8:00 am. Phil Westerman, Secretary, discussed the two web sites for S-1000 (the NIMSS system web site located at http://www.lgu.umd.edu and the S-1000 site http://www.ag.auburn.edu/aaes/s1000/ housed at Auburn University and managed by Wes Wood), and the importance of sending electronic reports to Westerman soon emphasizing accomplishments, impacts, and publications since the last report. The S-1000 annual progress report is due within 60 days of the annual meeting.

Election of Secretary: The nomination committee of Powers, Meyer, and Funk nominated Brent Auvermann, who was elected. The new officers are: Chair - Deanne Meyer, Vice-Chair - Phil Westerman, and Secretary - Brent Auvermann.

2004 Meeting: After some discussion about the 2004 meeting, Brent Auvermann moved that the chair establish a sub-committee to plan the 2004 meeting for Washington, D. C. The motion was seconded and passed. The planning committee consists of Co-chairs Larry Jacobson and Deanne Meyer, and members Brent Auvermann, Wendy Powers, Harold Keener, Gerald Evers, and Phil Westerman (added 9/29/03).

Gratitude was extended to the hosts of our meeting, Tim Stanton and Jessica Davis.

Tour: On 9/26, our hosts provided tour to view an anaerobic digestion system at one dairy, and solids separator and overall waste management system at another dairy.

Accomplishments

OBJ 1. Develop management tools, strategies and systems for land application of animal manures and effluents that optimize efficient, environmentally friendly utilization of nutrients and are compatible with sustained land and water quality. T 1. Methods to reduce nutrient movement from land application sites into surface and groundwater. Alternative management systems being evaluated for pastures to best utilize nutrients: relative efficiency of recycling nutrients in broiler litter by feeding to steers or application to pasture (VA); combining animal waste with additional commercial nitrogen fertilizer to increase forage yield and phosphorus (P) uptake and reduce residual P in pastures (TX); and various grazing management (IA). Various crop rotations being evaluated to better utilize nutrients from cattle feedlot runoff applied to plots (TX). Geotextile-gravel and fly ash pads evaluated for heavy livestock areas to reduce environmental impacts (KY). T 2. Quantify gaseous emissions into the air from land application sites. T 3. Reduce movement of zoonotic pathogens from land application sites. Determining effects of soil tillage and rainfall variables on leaching of pathogenic bacteria after land application of dairy manure (OH). Showed farmer can mitigate potential leaching of pathogenic bacteria by timing manure applications to occur at least 48 hours before rainfall. T 4. Improve accuracy of manure land application in accordance with best management practices for nutrient planning. An IL Certified Livestock Manager Survey of 347 participants showed rates of adoption of practices and technologies related to environmental protection and nuisance avoidance. Development of rapid on-farm assessment of nutrient content of dairy manures has goal to improve nutrient application (KY). OBJ 2. Develop, evaluate, and refine physical, chemical and biological treatment processes in engineered and natural systems for management of manures and other wastes. T 1. Develop and evaluate innovative applications of engineered biological treatment processes to stabilize waste, reduce odor, and manage nutrients. Several states evaluated treatment processes for dairy manure or wastewater: solid liquid separation and impact of low rate aeration on lagoons‘ solids degradation and odor reduction (CA); solids removal, anaerobic digestion and hydroponic filtration (GA); effect of algae and bacteria additions in the conversion of an anaerobic dairy lagoon to an aerobic lagoon (CO); eight different systems developed for treating milkhouse waste for medium sized dairies (MN); a novel anaerobic bio-nest reactor for treatment of milk parlor wastewater (HI). Several states (MN, NC, OR) evaluated treatment processes for swine manure or wastewater: pilot-scale surface aeration system with intermittent aeration was effective in reducing odor (MN); effect of manure solids on aeration efficiency (MN); solids separation and upflow biofiltration system for 4000 pigs (NC); aeration pond treatment system for lagoon liquid (NC); 80 % P removal by struvite crystallizer (NC); single vessel alternating aerobic-anaerobic treatment in Taiwan under a cooperative agreement with U.S. team (OR). Composting work (OH) showed composting dairy manure/amendment mix with C/N > 40 reduces N losses; use of intermittent aeration effective in maintaining aerobic composting while minimizing cost; an Excel computer simulation model of composting process enables farmers to optimize design and management and minimize costs. T 2. Develop and evaluate vegetated or aquaculture- based treatment systems for treating wastewater or runoff from concentrated feeding operations or land application sites. Two cell constructed wetlands treating poultry lagoon effluent has operated for 10 yrs (AL). Overland flow vegetated buffers evaluated for N and P utilization from swine lagoon liquid, and grass buffer strips used to remove nutrients from surface runoff from cotton receiving poultry litter (GA). Vegetation used to remove nutrients from swine lagoon liquid by floating mats of vegetation (GA) and by duckweed (NC). Application of high rate algal pond water treatment technology that could reduce the level of N and P that flows into the Salton Sea through its tributaries and causes eutrophication was demonstrated at pilot scale (SC). T 3. Develop and evaluate physical and chemical treatments for recovering or stabilizing manure solids or manure treatment by-products for improved utilization alternatives. Various states evaluated solids separation for by-product recovery; a belt-based housing system for swine collected dry fecal material (50 % DM) and reduced ammonia emission (NC); a V-shaped floor beneath concrete slats with a slotted PVC pipe for urine collection isolated 90 % of P in the solids (MI); two solids/liquid separation systems evaluated on farms for flushed swine manure, with the solids at 30 % DM trucked with turkey litter to Idaho for combustion tests, and the ash recovered for testing in a fertilizer blend (NC); effective solids separation achieved during lagoon sludge removal process with a pumping and filtration system (AL). Chemically adjusting pH of liquid manure above 10 allowed 60 % removal of ammonia in a simple spray column, with possibility to absorb the ammonia into an acid solution, and raising pH of dairy wastewater precipitated P to achieve nutrient management constraints (OR). An in-bin, low maintenance large-carcass and horse bedding composting operation successfully disposed of cow and horse mortalities (TX). Dairy manures with various chemical treatments for P removal were incubated with soil to determine P and N dynamics and fate (WI). T 4. Develop and evaluate biological or thermochemical treatment of animal manures for conversion into value-added products. Batch processing thermochemical conversion process which produces a crude oil product from manure solids was upgraded to a mixed-reactor continuous process on a laboratory scale (IL). Feedlot manure co-fired with coal in a 10:90 blend converted less N to NOx compared to coal; could save up to $9 million/yr for a 2,000 MW coal-fired power plant (TX). Black solider fly (BSF) larvae digested swine manure, reducing manure total solids by 50 % and nutrients by 70 % (GA). Dried larvae (45 % protein and 33 % fat) could replace 75 % of the fish meal in channel catfish diets. OBJ 3. Develop methodology, technology, and management practices to reduce odors, gases, airborne microflora, particulate matter, and other airborne emissions from animal production systems. T 1. Develop standard methods of collection, measurement, and categorizing or reporting of airborne emissions (odors, gases, particulates, endotoxins, pathogens, and other materials) from animal production operations. A six-state project (MN, IN, IL, TX, IA, NC) has goal to determine emission rates for six common animal confinement buildings from different sections of the US. Sites have 2 to 10 months of data, and are using common protocols for air sampling and instrument trailers for monitoring two side by side buildings at each site. In another 3-state cooperative project (PA, KY, IA), baseline data on aerial ammonia emissions being collected from an assortment of livestock and poultry facilities operated under variety of management styles. In IA, two automated downwind sampling systems were developed for capturing static field samples for evaluation in the lab. In MN, emissions are being compared for a deep bedded hoop barn and a curtain sided slatted barn. T 2. Determine short and long term impacts of airborne emissions from animal production units. Models for air dispersion of airborne pollutants being developed: continued evaluation of OFFSET model which is used to assist in development of setback distances for new or expanding livestock and poultry facilities (MN); developing model to predict influence of odor dispersion from multiple sources to multiple receptors (IA); cooperative project (MN, NE, IA) to develop air dispersion models to predict downwind concentrations of odor and hydrogen sulfide. On-site monitoring and air samples at multiple locations resulted in prediction equations to estimate downwind concentrations of individual volatile organic compounds, hydrogen sulfide and odor (IA). T 3. Emission control technology development and selection for site-specific cases. IL has tested several control technologies: Concentric Dedusters in swine building ventilation systems captured up to 90 % of particulate matter and removed up to 35 % of ammonia; activated carbon filters slightly reduced odor but would be expensive because of increased fan operation costs; increased frequency of flushing for swine confinement room or for farrowing room had minor effects on emissions. IA evaluated management strategies to reduce ammonia emissions: keeping urine and feces separate, application of urease inhibitors, post-excretion acidification of manure; permeable cover over lagoon in MO reduced odor emission to 40 % of that from uncovered lagoon. Geotextile covers on manure storages reduced emissions (KY, MN). Biofilter with recycled polyethylene foam chips and zeolite reduced ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions 25 to 60 % (OR). Ozone injected into ventilation air decreased ammonia linearly with ozone concentration (MI). In OH: caged layer belt/composting system reduced ammonia emissions 50 % compared to conventional deep pit system; aeration during composting resulted in destruction of odorous compounds 95 to 100 % by day 8; ammonia loss during composting of dairy and hog manure/sawdust was highly correlated with total airflow. Obj 4. Develop and evaluate feeding systems for their potential to alter the excretion of environmentally-sensitive nutrients by livestock. T 1. Develop and evaluate strategies to reduce P excretion from livestock. Several studies on modifying diet to reduce P excretion have been conducted for poultry (IN, MD, KY), for swine (IN, KY) and beef (TX). Studies in IN determined effects of: copper source on P retention in broiler chicks; dietary calcium on phytate utilization in Peking ducklings; wheat bran phytase on turkey tom P excretion; supplementing weanling pig diets with organic and inorganic acids on microbial shedding; reduced crude protein and reduced P diet on grow-finish pig performance. Pigs and chicks fed low phytate corn and low phytate soybean meal excreted up to 50 % less P, and with further addition of phytase excreted up to 70 % less P (KY, IN). MD showed that correct use of phytase decreases total and water soluble P and that changes in P solubility post-excretion are mediated by bacterial activity for broiler chickens, turkey poults and growing swine. Strategies in beef feedlot diet management can reduce P excretion (TX). Effects of forage maturity on P digestion in beef cows using a rotational grazing stocking system with and without supplemental hay removal is being studied (IA). Phosphorus accretion in pigs slaughtered at 8 weights ranging from 20 to 120 kg body weight will help determine mathematical models for estimating P and Ca requirements (KY). T 2. Evaluate and quantify excretion of non-nutrient pollutants from animal agriculture. Various diet and management strategies have goals to reduce ammonia emission and odor: grow-finish swine and using synthetic amino acids (IA); reduction of dietary crude protein decreased ammonia emissions but did not diminish manure odor offensiveness and fecal VFA concentrations in growing pigs (MN); protein feeding strategies in beef cattle (dietary undegradable protein to degradable protein ratio) to reduce ammonia losses (IA).

Publications

Al-Dahmani, J.M., P. A. Abbasi, S.A. Miller and H.A.J. Hoitink. 2003. Suppression of bacterial spot of tomato with foliar sprays of compost extracts under greenhouse and field conditions. Plant Dis. 87:913-919. Angel, R., N.M. Tamim, T.J. Applegate, A.S. Dhandu, and L.E. Ellestad. 2002. Phytic acid chemistry: Influence on phytin-phosphorus availability and phytase efficacy. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 11: 471-480. Annamalai, K., B. F. Thien, and J. M. Sweeten. 2003. Co-Firing of coal and cattle feedlot biomass (FB) fuels, Part II: Performance results from 30 kW (100,000 BTU/Hr) laboratory scale boiler burner. Fuel. 82(2003): 1183-1193. Annamalai, K., M. Freeman, J. M. Sweeten, M. Mathur, W. O. O‘David, G. Walbert, and S. Jones. 2003. Co-Firing of Coal and Cattle Feedlot Biomass (FB) Fuels, Part III: Performance Results from 500,000 BTU/Hr DOE-NETL Boil. Applegate, T.J., B.C. Joern, D. L. Nussbaum-Wagler, and R. Angel, 2003. Water soluble phosphorus in fresh broiler litter is dependent upon phosphorus concentration fed but not on fungal phytase supplementation. Poultry Sci. 82:1024-1029. Applegate, T.J., R. Angel, and H.L. Classen, 2003. Effect of dietary calcium, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, and bird strain on small intestinal phytase activity in broiler chickens. Poultry Sci. 82:1140-1148. Arogo, J., P. W. Westerman and A. Heber. 2003. A review of ammonia emissions from confined swine feeding operations. Transactions of the ASAE 46(3):805-817. Arogo, J., P. W. Westerman, A. J. Heber, W. P. Robarge and J. J. Classen. 2003. Ammonia emissions from animal feeding operations. In: Proceedings of AWRA 2003 Spring Specialty Conference Agricultural Hydrology and Water Quality. May 12-14, 2003, Kansas City, MO. AWRA, Middleburg, VA. Bicudo, J.R. and Goyal, S.M. 2003. Pathogens and manure management systems - a review. Environmental Technology, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 115-130. Bicudo, J.R., Clanton, C.J., Schmidt, D.R., Tengman, C.L. and Jacobson, L.D. (2003). Odor, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia flux rates from swine manure in southwest Minnesota. Procs. of the International Symposium on Gaseous and Odour Emissions from Animal Production Facilities, CIGR, June 1-4, Horsens, Denmark, pp. 417-425. Bicudo, J.R., Schmidt, D.R., Gay, S.W., Gates, R.S., Jacobson, L.D., and Hoff, S.J. (2003). Odor emissions from livestock and poultry production/waste management systems. Procs. of the 2003 Spring Specialty Conference on Agricultural Hydrology and Water Quality, AWRA, May 12-14, Kansas City, MO (on CD-ROM). Bicudo, J.R., Janni, K.A., Jacobson, L.D., and Schmidt, D.R. (2003). Odor and hydrogen sulfide emission from a dairy manure storage. Procs. of the 5th International Dairy Housing Conference (K.A. Janni, ed.), January 29-31, Fort Worth, TX, pp. 368-375. Bicudo, J.R., Tengman, C.L., Schmidt, D.R., and Jacobson, L.D. (2002). Ambient H2S concentrations near swine barns and manure storages. 2002 ASAE Annual International Meeting / CIGR XV World Congress, July 28-31, Chicago, IL, Paper No. 024059, ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI (on CD-ROM). Bicudo, J.R., Schmidt, D.R., Clanton, C.J., Powers, W., Tengman, C.L., and Jacobson, L.D. (2002). A two-year study of the effectiveness of geotextile covers to reduce odor and gas emissions from manure storages. 2002 ASAE Annual International Meeting / CIGR XV World Congress, July 28-31, Chicago, IL, Paper No. 024195, ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI (on CD-ROM). Bowers, K. E. and P. W. Westerman. 2003. Phosphorus removal in a novel fluidized bed crystallizer. ASAE Annual International Meeting, July 27-30, 2003, Las Vegas, NV. ASAE Paper No. 03-4123. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI. Casey, K.D., R.S. Gates, E.F. Wheeler, J.S. Zajaczkowski, P.A. Topper, H. Xin, and Y. Liang. 2003. Ammonia Emissions from Broiler Houses in Kentucky during Winter. International Symposium on Gaseous and Odour Emissions from Animal Production Facilities, 1-4 June. Horsens, Jutland, Denmark. Chaiprapat, S., J. Cheng, J. J. Classen, J. J. Ducoste and S. K. Liehr. 2003. Modeling nitrogen transport in duckweed pond for secondary treatment of swine wastewater. Journal of Environmental Engineering 129(8):731-739. Changa, C.M., P.Wang, M.E.Watson, H.A.J. Hoitink, F.C. Michel Jr. 2003. Assessment of a commercial maturity test kit for composted manures. 2003. Compost Sci. Util. 11:127-145. Cheng, J., S. Liehr and C. Lyerly. 2003. Swine wastewater treatment in an integrated system of anaerobic digestion and duckweed nutrient removal. ASAE Annual International Meeting, July 27-30, 2003, Las Vegas, NV. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI. Christopherson, S., D.R. Schmidt, K.A. Janni and J. Zhu. 2003. Evaluation and demonstration of treatment options for dairy parlor and milk house wastewater. ASAE Paper No. 034121. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI 49085. Cromwell, Gary L. 2002. Impacts of genetically modified, low-phytate corn and soybean meal and transgenic pigs possessing salivary phytase on phosphorus excretion. Proc. Midwest Swine Conf., Indianapolis, IN, Sept 4, 2002. pp. 59-72. Cromwell, G.L. 2003. Update on phytase utilization in swine. Proc. Roche Pre-Conference Symposium, Eastern Canadian Nutrition Conf., Quebec City. Hoffmann-LaRoche Ltd., Cambridge, Ontario, pp. 29-45. Cromwell, Gary L. 2002. Impacts of genetically modified, low-phytate corn and soybean meal and transgenic pigs possessing salivary phytase on phosphorus excretion. Proc. Midwest Swine Conf., Indianapolis, IN, Sept 4, 2002. pp. 59-72. Dhandu, A.S. and R. Angel. 2003. Broiler non-phytin phosphorus requirement in the finisher and withdrawal phases of a commercial four-phase feeding system. Poult. Sci. 82:1257-1265. Elwell, D.L., D.C. Borger, H.M. Keener and L.B. Willet. 2003b. Reduction of volatile odorous chemicals in composting of dairy manure. ASAE Paper 034049. Presented at 2003 ASAE Annual International Meeting. 7/27-30. Riveria Hotel and Convention Centr, Las Vegas, NV. Published on CD (search at asae.frymulti.com) Fontenot, J.P., R.K. Shanklin, D. Fiske, G. Mullins and L. Harlow. 2003. Nutrient management of broiler litter for cattle on pasture. Proc. Va Tech. Shenandoah Valley Agric. Res. Ext. Center Field Day. pp 13-15. Funk, T.L., M. J. Robert, Y. Zhang and R.E. Fonner. 2003. Precision nutrient management plan for liquid manure application: expectations and reality. ASAE Paper No 03-412x. ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659. (17 pages). Gerrish, J. B., S. H. Davies, S. J. Masten, R. L. Ledebuhr, and R. D. von Bernuth. 2003. Ozonation of swine-waste liquids at full- scale. Presented at the ASAE Annual International Meeting, Las Vegas, NV. Paper #034056. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI. Guo, H., L.D. Jacobson, D.R. Schmidt, R.E. Nicolai. 2003. Evaluation of the influence of atmospheric conditions on odor dispersion from animal production sites. Transactions of the ASAE. Vol.46(2): 461-466. Harmon, J. D., D.S. Bundy, T.K. Richard, S.J. Hoff , A. Beatty. 2003. Survey Monitoring of Environmental Factors from Bedded Swine Systems. 2003. International Symposium on GASEOUS AND ODOUR EMISSIONS FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTION FACILITIES. Scandic Hotel Bygholm Park. Horsens 1-4, June 2003. CIGR. Heber, A.J., J.-Q. Ni, T.T. Lim, P.C. Tao, A.M. Millmier, L.D. Jacobson, R.E. Nicolai, J. A. Koziel, S.J. Hoff, Y. Zhang, and D.B. Beasley. 2002. Quality assured measurements of animal building emissions: Part 1. Gas concentrations. Symposium on Air Quality Measurement Methods and Technology, San Francisco, CA: November 13-25, Air and Waste Management Association: Pittsburgh, PA. Heber, A.J., T.T. Lim; J.Z. Gallien; J.-Q. Ni; P.C. Tao, L.D. Jacobson, J.A. Koziel, S.J. Hoff, Y. Zhang, and G.B. Baughman. 2002. Quality assured measurements of animal building emissions: Part 2. Particulate matter concentrations. Symposium on Air Quality Measurement Methods and Technology, San Francisco, CA: November 13-25, Air and Waste Management Association: Pittsburgh, PA. Hill, Jeff, R. D. von Bernuth, and E. C. Cline. 2002. Monitoring and Regulation of Ozonation Systems in Livestock Production Facilities. Presented at the ASAE Annual International Meeting, Chicago, IL. Paper #024055. Hoff S. J., D. S. Bundy. 2003. Modeling Odor Dispersion from Multiple Sources to Multiple Receptors. International Symposium on GASEOUS AND ODOUR EMISSIONS FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTION FACILITIES. Scandic Hotel Bygholm Park. Horsens 1-4, June 2003. CIGR. Hoff, S.J. D.S. Bundy. 2003. Automated Downwind Sampling for Analyzing Gas Dispersion from Livestock Systems. Technique. International Symposium on GASEOUS AND ODOUR EMISSIONS FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTION FACILITIES. Scandic Hotel Bygholm Park. Horsens 1-4, June 2003. CIGR. Hubbard, R.K. and G.L. Newton. 2002. Long-term impact of swine lagoon wastewater on shallow groundwater nitrogen levels in vegetated buffer systems. Proceedings of Water Environment Federation Animal Residuals Conference, May 6-8, 2002, Washington, D.C. At www.biosolids.com. Humenik, F. J., R. D. von Bernuth, T.L. Richard and F. Michael Jr., Livestock Housing Design to Enhance Management of Liquid Stream and In-House Gases. Proceedings of the Fourth International Livestock Waste Management Symposium and Technology Expo, Global Perspective in Livestock Waste Mgmt., Penang, Malaysia, pp. 113-118, 2002. Jacobson, L.D., R.E. Nicolai, A.J. Heber; J.-Q. Ni; T.T. Lim, J. A. Koziel, S.J. Hoff, Y. Zhang, and D.B. Beasley. 2002. Quality assured measurements of animal building emissions: Part 3. Odor concentrations. Symposium on Air Quality Measurement Methods and Technology, San Francisco, CA: November 13-25, Air and Waste Management Association: Pittsburgh, PA. Jacobson, L.D., A.J. Heber, Y. Zhang, J. Sweeten, J., Kozie, S.J. Hoff, D.S. Bundy, D.B. Beasley, G.R. Baughman. 2003 Air Pollutant Emissions from Confined Animal Buildings in the U.S. International Symposium on GASEOUS AND ODOUR EMISSIONS FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTION FACILITIES. Scandic Hotel Bygholm Park. Horsens 1-4, June 2003. CIGR. Jacobson, L.D. J.R. Bicudo, D.R. Schmidt, S.W. Gay, R.S. Gates & S.J. Hoff. 2003. Air Emissions from Animal Production Buildings. In proceedings of the XI Inter. Congress in Animal Hygiene held in Mexico City, Mexico, Feb 23-27, 2003. p. 147 - 169. Keener, H.M., D.L. Elwell, and D. Grande. 2002. NH3 emissions and N-balances for 1.6 million caged layer facility: manure belt/composting system vs deep pit operation. Transactions of ASAE. 45(6):1977-1984. Keener, H.M., F.C. Michel Jr., D.L. Elwell. 2003. Spreadsheet computer models for design and management of compost systems. Proceedings of the 2003 Annual International Meeting of the Institute of Biological Engineering. 1/17-19. Athens, GA. Published on CD. Keener, H.M., and D.L. Elwell. 2003. Caged layer manure management on flies, water and nitrogen levels - case studies of current technologies. ASAE Paper 034128. Presented at 2003 ASAE Annual International Meeting. 7/27-30. Riveria Hotel and Convention Centr, Las Vegas, NV. Published on CD (search at asae.frymulti.com) Kim-Yang, H. S., R. D. von Bernuth, and S. Davies. 2002. "Ozonation Effect on Odorous Compounds in Livestock Building Air." Presented at the ASAE Annual International Meeting, Chicago, IL. Paper #024056. Liang, Y., H. Xin, A. Tanaka, S.H. Lee, H. Li, E.F. Wheeler, R.S. Gates, J.S. Zajaczkowski, P.A. Topper and K.D. Casey. 2003. Ammonia Emissions from Layer Houses in Iowa. International Symposium on Gaseous and Odour Emissions from Animal Production Facilities, 1-4 June. Horsens, Jutland, Denmark. Li, X. and R.H. Zhang. 2002. Aerobic treatment of dairy wastewater with sequencing batch reactor systems. Bioprocess and Biosystem Engineering. 25:103-109. Lindemann, M.D., J.H. Agudelo, G.L. Cromwell, and R.D. Nimmo. 2003. Supplementation of a corn-soybean meal diet with virginiamycin improves phosphorus digestibility and reduces total mineral excretion in pigs. Proc. 9th International Symposium on Digestive Physiology in Pigs, Banff, Alberta, Canada, 2:398-400. Maguire, R.O., J.T. Sims, J.M. McGrath, and C.R. Angel. 2003. Phytase and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in turkey diets affects phosphorus solubility in manure amended soils. Soil Sci. 168:421-433. Miner, J. Ronald, Gene R. Hoilman, Willie E. Rochefort, and Kevin Harris. Nitrogen and phosphorus recovery from livestock and poultry waste streams in response to changing United States regulations. Pp. 353 - 361. In: Proceedings of Strong N and Agro 2003. IWA Specialty Symposium on Strong Nitrogenous and Agro-Wastewater. Seoul, Korea, June 11 - 13, 2003. Miner, J. Ronald, Frank J. Humenik, J. Mark Rice and Diana Rashash. Development of a biologically active, permeable foam material for livestock producers concerned with odor control and ammonia emissions. Pp. 847 - 854. In: Proceedings of Strong N and Agro 2003. IWA Specialty Symposium on Strong Nitrogenous and Agro-Wastewater. Seoul, Korea, June 11 - 13, 2003. Mukhtar, S., B. W. Auvermann, K. Heflin, and C. N. Boriack. 2003. A low maintenance approach to large carcass composting. 2003. Paper to be presented at the 2003 International Meeting of the ASAE, Las Vegas, Nevada. ASAE Paper No. 03-34106. Mullins, G.L., J.P. Fontenot, G. A. Alloush, D. G. Boyer and D. P. Belesky 2003. Phosphorus and fecal coliforms in surface runoff from grazed pastures as affected by nutrient management. Proc. Va Tech. Shenandoah Valley Agric. Res. Ext. Center Field Day. pp 16-18. Newton, G.L., G.J. Gascho, J.K. Bernard, J.R. Allison, R.K. Hubbard, R.N. Gates, and G. Vellidis. 2003. Managing manure nutrients through multi-crop forage production. J. Dairy Sci. 86:2243-2252. Nimmermark, S.A., L.D. Jacobson, S.W. Gay, D.R. Schmidt. 2003. Evaluation of OFFSET (Odor Setback Model) Using Neighborhood Monitors. ASAE paper # 034024, presented at the ASAE International Meeting held in Las Vegas, Nevada, July 27- 30, 2003. Ocfemia, K.C.S., Y. Zhang and Ted Funk. 2003. Continuous thermochemical process to produce oil from swine manure. ASAE Paper No 03-4124. ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659. (10 pages). Otto, E. R., M. Yokoyama, S. Hengemuehle, R. D. von Bernuth, T. van Kempen, and N. L. Trottier. 2003. Ammonia, volatile fatty acids, phenolics and odor offensiveness in manure from growing pigs fed diets reduced in protein concentration. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. 81:1754-1763. Powers, W.J. 2003. Keeping science in environmental regulations: the role of the animal scientist. JDS 86(4):1045-1051. Powers, W.J. 2003. Characterization of air in and around poultry and livestock facilities. Symposium on Gaseous and Odour Emissions from Animal Production Facilities. Horsens, Denmark, June 1-4. Rhodes, M. B., D. B. Parker, J. M. Sweeten, N. A. Cole, and M. S. Brown. 2002. Beef feedyard effluent application effects on nutrient mass balances for three cropping rotations of sorghum and wheat. Paper No. 024147. 2002 International Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers/CIGR XVth World Congress, Chicago, Illinois. July 28-31. 12 p. Schauberger, G., A.J. Heber, T.T. Lim, J.-Q. Ni, D.S. Bundy, B.L. Haymore, C.A. Diehl, R.K. Duggirala. 2003. Simple Odour Release Model for Swine Finishing Houses. International Symposium on GASEOUS AND ODOUR EMISSIONS FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTION FACILITIES. Scandic Hotel Bygholm Park. Horsens 1-4, June 2003. CIGR. Schmidt, D.R. and Bicudo, J.R. (2002). Using a wind tunnel to determine odor and gas fluxes from manure surfaces. 2002 ASAE Annual International Meeting / CIGR XV World Congress, July 28-31, Chicago, IL, Paper No. 024083, ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI (on CD-ROM). Somda, Z.C., J.R. Allison, L.O. Ely, G.L. Newton, G. Vellidis, and M. E. Wetzstein. 2002. Economic Analysis of Dairy Manure Utilization for Year-Round Forage Production. Proc. Annual SAEA Conf., Orlando, Florida, Feb. 2-6. Stout, V., T.L. Richard, A. Singh, S.J. Hoff, P.Dixon, J. Harmon, D.S. Bundy. 2003. Variability in Greenhouse Gas Emission Measurements Using the Tracer Gas Technique. International Symposium on GASEOUS AND ODOUR EMISSIONS FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTION FACILITIES. Scandic Hotel Bygholm Park. Horsens 1-4, June 2003. CIGR. Sun, H., R.R. Stowell, H. M. Keener, and F.C. Michel Jr. 2002a. Two-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model of air velocity and ammonia distribution in a High-RiseTM Hog Building. Transactions of ASAE. 45(6):1559-1568. Sun, Y. and Y. Zhang. 2003. Validation of a stereoscopic particle image velocimetry system for full-scale room air flow studies. Transactions of Amer. Soc. Heat. Refrig. Air Cond. Engr. 109(2). Sun, H., H.M. Keener, T.A. Menke and F.C. Michel Jr. 2003. Nutrient balance study of the High-RiseTM hog system and associated windrow-composting process. ASAE Paper 032254. Presented at 2003 ASAE Annual International Meeting. 7/27-30. Riveria Hotel and Convention Centr, Las Vegas, NV. Sweeten, J. M., K. Annamalai, B. F. Thien. and L. A. McDonald. 2003. Co-firing of coal and cattle feedlot biomass (FB) fuels, Part I: Feedlot biomass (cattle manure) fuel quality and characteristics. Fuel 82(2003): 1167-1182. Sweeten, J., L. Jacobson, A. Heber, D. Schmidt, J. Lorimor, P. Westerman, J. R. Miner, R. Zhang, C. M. Williams and B. W. Auverman. 2003. Odor mitigation for concentrated animal feeding operations: White paper and recommendations. In: Proceedings of AWRA 2003 Spring Specialty Conference Agricultural Hydrology and Water Quality. May 12-14, 2003, Kansas City, MO. AWRA, Middleburg, VA. Tamim, N.M., and R. Angel. 2003. Phytate phosphorus hydrolysis as influenced by dietary calcium and micro-mineral source in broiler diets. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51:4687-4693. Tan, Z.C. and Y. Zhang. 2002. Advances in centrifugal separators for particulate matter control from stationary sources. J. Thermal Science 11(3):283-288. Tan, Z.C. and Y. Zhang. 2003. An overview of particulate matter in indoor environments: sources and effects. Transactions of Amer. Soc. Heat. Refrig. Air Cond. Engr. 109(2). Tan, Z.C., Y. Zhang and S.E. Ford. 2003. Particle sampling under a rotational air flow in pipes. ASAE Paper No 03-4120. ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659. (9 pages). Thien, B. F., K. Annamalai, and J. M. Sweeten. 2002. Co-firing feedlot and litter biomass:coal blends in a laboratory scale boiler burner. 2002 ASME Symposium on Combustion, Energy, and Fire. International Mechanical Engineering Congress an Exposition. New Orleans, LA. November 17-22. Wang, E., W. L. Harman, J. R. Williams, and J. M. Sweeten. 2002. Profitability and nutrient losses of alternative manure application strategies with conservation tillage. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 57(4):221-228. Wang, X., Y. Zhang, G.L. Riskowski and M. Ellis. 2002. Measurement and analysis of dust spatial distribution in a mechanically ventilated swine building. Biosystems Engineering 81(2): 225-236. Westerman, P. W., J. Arogo, A. Kantardjieff and P. Kantardjieff. 2003. Evaluation of Ekokan biofiltration treatment system on a swine farm. ASAE Annual International Meeting, July 27-30, 2003, Las Vegas, NV. ASAE Paper No. 03-4125. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI. Wheeler, E.F., J.S. Zajaczkowski, P.A. Topper, R.S. Gates, H. Xin, K.D. Casey and Y. Liang. 2003. Ammonia Emissions from Broiler Houses in Pennsylvania during Cold Weather. International Symposium on Gaseous and Odour Emissions from Animal Production Facilities, 1-4 June. Horsens, Jutland, Denmark. Worley, J., L. Newton, and M. Risse. 2003. Georgia Dairy CNMP Generator. Windows based program for calculating manure nutrient generation, storage and treatment losses of nutrients, developing a land application plan, producing an emergency action plan, etc., and generating a permit application document suitable for submission to EPD. Available at: http://www.engr.uga.edu/service/extension/aware/dairynmp2.htm . Yang, P.Y., Chen, H.J. and Kim, S.J. 2003, Integrating EMMC process for biological removal of carbon and nitrogen for diluted swine wastewater for agriculture reuse. Bioresouce Technology. 86, Page 245-252. Zhang, Y. 2003. Analysis and validation of particle separation efficiency in a centrifugal field under laminar and perfect mixing conditions. Transactions of Amer. Soc. Heat. Refrig. Air Cond. Engr. 109(2). Zhu, J., 2002. Manure Separator Boosts Efficiency of Aeration Treatment. National Hog Farmer 47(12): 12-13.

Impact Statements

Scientific information on improving nutrient utilization in land application is being disseminated to assist producers manage nutrients, improve productivity, and reduce environmental impacts.
Technical and economic information on alternative manure and wastewater treatment technologies and by-product recovery and utilization is being disseminated to assist producers and other agencies with identifying better technologies for reducing environmental impacts.
Significant progress has been accomplished to standardize emission measurements and techniques. The most complete information on barn emissions in North American is being developed by multistate projects.
Scientific information on diet management to reduce nutrient excretion and environmental impacts to air and water are being incorporated into management decisions by producers.
Data generated in objective 4 have been used in the revision to ASAE D384.1 standard on excreted manure characteristics.

Date of Annual Report: 06/22/2004

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 04/20/2004 - 04/22/2004
Period the Report Covers: 09/01/2003 - 08/01/2004

Participants

Included as Appendix B in attached minutes.

Participants Attachment:

Attachment

Brief Summary of Minutes

The attached file contains (a) the minutes of the 2004 meeting, (b) the agenda and attendees list for the 2004 meeting, (c) a restatement of the project objectives, justification and goals and (d) a draft compendium of every 2003-04 state report submitted to date. Item (d) is subject to further editing and is a massive document in its own right. The Secretary (Auvermann) is editing (d) at this time and distilling it into an Executive Summary. Both impacts and deliverables against the project milestones have been indicated in many of the individual state reports. Those items will be prioritized and inserted into the other placeholders on this web site.

Brent

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

Publications

Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 02/10/2005

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 01/05/2005 - 01/07/2005
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2004 - 09/01/2005

Participants

Also included within attached minutes as Appendix B

Participants Attachment:

Attachment

Brief Summary of Minutes

S-1000 Business Meeting 5 Jan 2005

A. Meeting was called to order by Dr. Phil Westerman at 0830h CDT.

B. Members present (24) were sufficient to constitute a quorum for conducting business. A complete list of members attending the Business Meeting is incorporated into these minutes, by reference, in Appendix B.

C. John Classen (NC State Univ.) was nominated for S-1000 secretary-elect. Classen accepted the nomination, which was approved by unanimous consent.

D. W. Powers reported on the progress of the project re-write committee (Powers, Classen, Auvermann, Applegate, and Meyer). An outline of what was proposed was circulated. Input was requested to be forwarded to the committee by Feb. 15. A draft will be circulated in time for full discussion at the next S-1000 meeting. The current project is scheduled to end Sept. 2006. R. Lacewell noted that a 1 year extension can be requested, but for full review, a final draft should be submitted by late 2005.

E. Motion was made and seconded to have the executive committee (Auvermann, Applegate, and Classen) handle the scheduling and format of the next meeting. Motion carried.

F. Committee expressed appreciation to Auvermann, Sweeten, and Lacewell for handling local arrangements and to Humenik, Mukhtar, and Nowak for program development for the Jan 2005 meeting.

G. Meeting was adjourned by unanimous consent at 1000h CDT.

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

Accomplishments are listed under Summary of Progress section of attached minutes.

Publications

Also included in attached minutes

Publications Attachment:

Attachment

Impact Statements

Utilization of poultry litter by feeding cattle on pasture avoids applying excessive amounts to the soil.
Ammonia emissions from a shallow injection of urea-ammonium-nitrate fertilizer amounts to 2% of the total N applied. A corn canopy can be either a source, or a sink for atmospheric ammonia depending on the amount of absorbed ammonia.
Milk parlor wastewater can be treated and reused properly via integrating an innovative bioreactor with the existing anaerobic lagoon wastewater treatment system.
Trickling nitrification biofilters achieved a 90% nitrification efficiency from a 4000 sow operations effluent. When put in-line with greenhouse tomato production, yields were 1010 lb/day.
Nutrient recovery from swine wastewater by growing duckweed demonstrated duckweed growth of 29 g/m2/day.
Anaerobic treatment of dairy manure at a low inoculum to substrate ratio can provide added benefits in terms of reducing off-site migration of P after land application and when low runoff volumes are generated.
Anaerobic digestion did not significantly alter the nature of predominant inorganic P solid phases in dairy manure.
Fixed-film anaerobic digestion provides reduced residence times for flushed dairy manure wastewater. Harnessing solar energy to grow algal biomass or aquatic macrophytes on the digested effluent allows for recovery of nutrients.
The pollutional parameters (COD, nitrogen, phosphorus and solids) stratified within the sludge layers in aged lagoons become concentrated greater in the lower sludge depths.
The environmental benefits of methane digester technology include: 1) reduced odors and emissions, 2) the nutrient properties of the digested manure are enhanced, and 3) reduced reliance on fossil fuels as an energy source.
Intermittent aeration (IA) provides an alternative for N removal from anaerobically pretreated animal wastewaters. Findings of dominant microorganisms and optimal conditions in the IA process allow for fundamental understanding of the process.
Thermochemical conversion of swine manure solids to a crude oil product was brought closer to commercial reality. All that stands between the laboratory scale and farm implementation are materials-handling issues.
Reduced cost of composting animal manures can occur through documenting kinetics of the process. Low airflow, regardless of composting system configuration, is the main factor to minimize energy usage.
Farmers can reduce the volume and weights of material to be hauled by 50 to 80 % based on equivalent nitrogen values of the stabilized compost as compared to unamended, uncomposted dairy manure removed from the barn.
Composting dairy manure/amendment mix with C/N above 40 reduces nitrogen losses significantly.
Using black soldier flies to digest manure and also produces a valuable animal feed and can reduce swine manure odor shows additional benefits.
Air emission data from conventional housing (slatted floor) and alternative housing (deep-bedded) farrowing facilities has provided swine producers with information for decision-making purposes on the type of facilities to build.
Ammonia emissions from open lot and hybrid (freestall and openlot) dairies provide vital information on relative magnitude of ammonia emissions from various sources on a dairy during warm and cold temperatures.
The Odor From Feedlots-Setback Estimation Tool is a useful tool for government agencies determining setback distances for new or expanding livestock and poultry facilities.
Reducing diet crude protein and including NH3-binding agents in diets for grow/finish pigs can be effective in reducing N content of excretions and NH3 emissions.
Temperature control, urine-feces segregation, and acidification of swine manure are strategies with the potential to reduce or slow NH4+-N and NH3 volatilization.
Early results of a particulate impaction curtain for reduction of dust emission from poultry layer houses (5 months) gave dust removal efficiency of 33% to 49%.
Composted dairy manure requires less odor management than aged manure, as aeration during composting results in destruction of odorous compounds (95-100%).
The development of mathematical models now allows for more accurate estimates of P needs and P excretion of growing-finishing pigs.
Feeding pigs a low nutrient excretion diet with reduced crude protein and phosphorus, supplemental synthetic amino acids, low phytate corn and phytase sustained productive pig growth and carcass characteristics, while reducing nutrient excretion and ammonia emissions.
The second generation of phytase products derived from E. coli are twice as efficacious as current commercial products for ducks.
Cattle bedding treated with oxides of alkaline earth metals demonstrated 5-6 log reductions of E.coli and other enteric bacteria.
A 17% protein diet was sufficient for cows producing 38 kg/d of milk, thereby reducing N excretion without affecting milk production.

Date of Annual Report: 06/05/2006

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 02/28/2006 - 03/02/2006
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2005 - 03/01/2006

Participants

Name Institution
Hegg, R. USDA/CSREES
Applegate, T. Purdue University
Powers, W. Iowa State University
Mukhtar, S. Texas A&M University
Newton, L. University of Georgia
Keener, H. The Ohio State University
Classen, J. North Carolina State University
Fontenot, J. Virginia Polytechnic and State University
Zhu, J. University of Minnesota
Jacobson, L. University of Minnesota
Auvermann, B. Texas A&M University
Westerman, P. North Carolina State University
Yang, P.Y. University of Hawaii
Smith, M.C. USDA/ARS/BARC/ANRI
Hubbard, B. USDA/ARS
Szogi, A.A. USDA/ARS, Florence, SC
Zering, Kelly North Carolina State University
Abawi, F. University of Guam
Angel, R University of Maryland
Meyer, D. University of California, Davis
Koelsch, R. University of Nebraska
Dao, T. USDA/ARS/BARC/ANRI
Braun, R. USDA
Carpenter, G. USDA/WDC
Gonzalez, C. University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez
Swenson, R. USDA/WDC
Funk, T. University of Illinois
White, C. USEPA
Dodling, E. USDA/ARS
Gollehon, N. USDA/ERS
Rice, C. USDA/ARS/BA
Kumz, A. Brazil
Lovell, S. USEPA

Participants Attachment:

Attachment

Brief Summary of Minutes

Annual Meeting Agenda
George Washington Carver Center, Beltsville, MD
March 1-3, 2006
March 1
8:15 Welcome, Dr. Ghassem Asrar, deputy administrator, ARS
8:30 Proposed project renewal, Rewrite team
9:00 - 9:45 An Economists View of Ecological Footprinting and Other Indexes of Long-Term Sustainability, Dr. Kelly Zering
9:45 - 10:15 Break
10:15 - 12:00 Open discussion of new project
12:00 - 1:30 Lunch, Carver Center Cafeteria
1:30 - 3:15 Panel discussion of project approach: Bob Wright (ARS), Richard Swenson (NRCS), Noel Gollehon (ERS), Ron Landy (EPA)
3:15 - 3:30 Break
3:30 - 5:00 Continue panel discussion
6:00 Dinner at Sir Walter Raleigh Inn, Greenbelt Rd.
March 2
8:00 - 9:45 Review and analysis of system assessment using emergy, Cavalett et al., 2006
9:45 - 10:15 Break
10:15 - 12:00 Finalize project deliverables, breakout groups by interest
12:00 - 1:30 Lunch, Carver Center Cafeteria
1:30 - 3:15 Continue group discussions of project deliverables
3:15 - 3:30 Break
3:30 - 5:00 Group reports and discussion
6:00 - Dinner, groups or individuals
March 3
8:00 - 9:30 Business meeting
- deadline for each participant to submit their paragraph of contributions to each objective/task of the new project or submit at this time if written the night before
- election of Secretary
9:30 Adjourn

Meeting Summary

A. Meeting was called to order by Brent Auvermann at 0815h EST on March 1, 2006.
B. Members present (24) were sufficient to constitute a quorum for conducting business. A complete list of members and guests attending the Business Meeting is incorporated into these minutes, by reference, in Appendix B.
C. The first day of the meeting consisted of presentation of the project renewal proposal, a supporting presentation by Kelly Zering of the issues involved in using economics to quantify environmental impacts, especially when resources are obtained from distant locations, and an open discussion of the project proposal.
D. Short presentations by ARS, ERS, NRCS, and EPA added to the discussion of the need to address environmental issues related to the food animal industries.
E. During the second day of the meeting, members discussed their activities and described how they would contribute to the new project
F. Ted Funk (University of Illinois) was nominated for S-1000 secretary-elect. Funk accepted the nomination, which was approved by unanimous consent.
G. Meeting was adjourned by unanimous consent at 1500h EST, March 2, 2006.

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

See the uploaded full report for details by objective and by participant " Reduced cost of building control structures for treating runoff from composting/storage sites. Runoff studies provided data on expected nutrient loading rates in effluent from an outside composting site (loss factors for %NH3-N, P and K from composts) Information can be applied to the design of control structures for treating runoff from compost pads. " Develop guidance documents for farmers so they can apply liquid manures to land without polluting bodies of water. Extension and research efforts will lead to development of guidance document on management practices that can mitigate preferential flow. " Reduced cost of manure management, transporting nutrients offsite. Studies on dry matter and water loss during composting allow economic analysis to be made on process cost and cost of transporting nutrients offsite. " Reduced cost of composting animal manures. Studies have documented effects of controllable factors on kinetics of process, enabling engineers to reduce facility and operating cost of compost systems. Showed low airflow, regardless of composting system configuration, was main factor to minimize energy usage, yet achieve a specific rate of decomposition. Developed Excel computer simulation models of composting process enable farmers to optimize design and management of facilities, to minimize cost of treatment and enable better management of composting process. " Reduced odor generation during composting of animal manure. Odor studies have documented collecting and composting fresh manure has potential to reduce odor at composting site. Aeration during composting resulted in destruction of odorous compounds (95-100%) by day eight. Biofilters are only needed for short period of times. Composting dairy manure/amendment mix with C/N above 40 reduces N losses significantly. " Promote thermophilic composting as a treatment method to control pathogens in manure. Studies documented effects of 55 oC on pathogen in animal manures. " Added value to horse manure compost. Identified and showed through plant growth studies potential markets and value of composted manure and improve opportunities for coordinated growth of Ohios dairy, swine, nursery and other green industries. " Enable comprehensive air quality studies and monitoring on Ohio Farms. The developed measurement technology for ventilation and air quality monitoring will enable generation of massive amount and highly distributed data for comprehensive air quality studies and monitoring. " Resolve air quality issues based on scientific findings. Generated baseline information on air quality at Ohio animal facilities, which will help resolve the rising air quality issue based on scientific finding. The data will also regulatory agency to form proper regulation on air quality and air emission from animal feeding operations. " Enable farmers to protect health of themselves and their animals. The exposure levels of Ohio farmer, neighbors, and livestock and poultry animals to air emissions from livestock and poultry operations were preliminary evaluated. Farms can effectively manage their facility according to the air quality knowledge to protect health of themselves and their animals. " Abate air emissions from livestock facilities. Mitigation technologies and management practices evaluated and developed will help livestock industry to abate air emission and sustain environmental stewardship effectively while maintaining profitability and sustainability of the productions. " Reduce monitoring cost and increase accuracy of assessing ammonia emissions. Modified mass balance approach for evaluating NH3 emissions is lower cost than current methods of assessing NH3 emissions based on concentrations and gas flow rates. " Information from this research will provide producers, technical assistance providers, regulators, and compilers of emission inventories at county, state, and federal levels with accurate information that is consistent with rigorous environmental protection requirements and rural socioeconomic needs. Once emission rates are known for the parameters mentioned, producers will be able to determine if they are in compliance with state or federal regulations and if not what mitigation technologies are needed to meet the governing air quality standards. " Producing energy from renewable resources is becoming critical more than ever to the economy of the United States. The outcome of this project provides valuable insight on use of one of the most abundant bioresources for energy production, which is of great significance in reducing our reliance on fossil fuel based energy sources.

Publications

1.Mullins, G. L., Fontenot, J. P., Alloush, G. A., Johnson, G., Allen, V. G., and Scaglia, G. 2005. Effect of long-term nutrient management strategies for pastures on phosphorus in surface runoff and soil quality. Proc. XX Internatl. Grassl;. Congr., Dublin, Ireland:425. 2.Eulsaeng Cho, Piyalerg Kongsil, Kieon Kim and P.Y.Yang. Integrated anaerobic Bionest and aerobic EMMC system for dairy wastewater treatment/reuse-A pilot study for the tropical island application, 1st IWA-ASPIRE Conference&Exhibition, Singapore, July 10-15, 2005. 3.E. S. Cho, Piyalerg Kongsil and P.Y. Yang. Alternative technology for milk parlor wastewater treatment/reuse, Presented at the Hawaii Water Environment Association 28th Annual Conference, February 9-10, 2006. 4.Dong and P.Y. Yang Biopottery and windmill system for dairy wastewater treatment and polluted runoff control at the Hawaii Water Environment Association 28th Annual Conference, February 9-10, 2006. 5.Agudelo, J.H., M.D. Lindemann, M.C. Newman, G.L. Cromwell, and R.D. Nimmo. 2005. Effects of long term feeding of virginiamycin in growing-finishing pigs fed phosphorus deficient diets. J. Anim. Sci. 83(Suppl. 2):63 (abstr.). 6.Agudelo, J.H., M.D. Lindemann, G.L. Cromwell, and R.D. Nimmo. 2005. Virginiamycin improves phosphorus digestibility in growing-finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 83(Suppl. 2):77 (abstr.). 7.Cromwell, G.L. and B.G. Kim. 2005. A spreadsheet program for identifying the limiting amino acids in various combinations of feed ingredients for swine. J. Anim. Sci. 83(Suppl. 1):162 (abstr.). 8.Hill, G.M., S.K. Baidoo, G.L. Cromwell, D.C. Mahan, J.L. Nelssen, and H.H. Stein. 2005. Evaluation of gender and lysine during the nursery period. J. Anim. Sci. 83(Suppl. 1):212 (abstr.). 9.Cromwell, G.L. 2005. Micro-mineral nutrition in monogastrics: copper and zinc. Proc. Western Nutrition Conf., Calgary, AB, Canada, September 21-23, 2005. pp. 67-75. 10.Cromwell, G. L. 2005. Phosphorus Nutrition of Swine. In: Phosphorus: Agriculture and the Environment (J. T. Sims and A. N. Sharpley, Editors) pp. 607-634. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI. 11.Griffin, Timothy, C. Wayne Honeycutt, Stephan Albrecht, Robert Hubbard, J. M. Powell, Karamat Sistani, Brian Wienhold, Bryan Woodbury, and H. Allen Torbert. 2005. Standardizing aerobic incubation methods: Is it possible? Agronomy Abstract # 320-3 (CD-ROM). 12.Marshall, L.K., R.K. Hubbard, D.D. Bosch, and D.L. Rowland. 2005. Influence of microplot cyclinders on soil moisture and temperature in two coastal plain soils. Agronomy Meetings, fall 2005. Abstract # 1006. (CD-ROM). 13.Hubbard, R.K. and G.L. Newton. 2005. Land treatment of swine lagoon effluent using overland flow vegetated buffer systems. Proceedings of the Symposium on the State of the Science of Animal Manure and Waste Management. San Antonio, TX, Jan- 5-7, 2005. CD-ROM. 14.Burns, R.T., L. B. Moody, G. Considine, B. Gramig, T. Hebert, J.K. Meeker and A. Stokes. 2005. Developing the Model of Animal Waste System Risk (MAWSR) for Livestock Waste Storage Facilities. Proceedings of the 98th Annual Air & Waste Management Association Conference. Paper # 1305. 15.Powers, W., S. Bastyr, J. Harmon, and B. Kerr. Gaseous emissions from swine facilities following feeding of low crude protein diets. Proceedings of the Air and Waste Management 98th Annual Conference. Minneapolis, MN. June 21-24. 16.Ziemer, C. J., B. J. Kerr, S. L. Trabue, J. D. Crouse, and W. Powers. 2005. Manure composition as affected by dietary protein and cellulose concentration. Proceedings of the Air and Waste Management 98th Annual Conference. Minneapolis, MN. June 21-24. 17.Heber, A.J., T. Pei-Chun, J.Q. Ni, T.T. Lim, and A.M. Schmidt. 2005. Air emissions from two swine finishing building with flushing ammonia characteristics. Proc. 7th Intl. Symp. ASAE Publ. 701P0205. 18.Angel, R., T.J. Applegate, W. Saylor, and W. Powers. 2005. Use of phytase and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol to improve phosphorus utilization in broiler diets. Proceeding of the X11 Congreso Bienal AMENA (Associacion Mejicana de Especialistas en Nutricion Animal). 16 pgs. 19.Applegate, T.J., 2005. Recent advances on the effect of nutrition on poultry manure management. Nigeria International Poultry Summit Nigeria branch of Worlds Poultry Science Association. pp 163-168. 20.Applegate, T.J. and R. Angel. 2005. Feasibility versus practicality of phosphorus reduction in poultry: progress and future needs. Symp. State of the Science of Animal Manure and Waste Management. 6 pgs. 21.Applegate, T.J., J.T. Sims, W.W. Saylor, J. McGrath, W. Powers, and R. Angel. 2005. Phytase in poultry diets: further evidence for reducing water-soluble phosphorus in the environment. Multi-state Poultry Nutrition Conference Proceedings. 16 pgs. 22.Applegate, T.J. 2005. Overview of phosphorus pollution from animal agriculture. Western Nutr. Conf. pp 91-105. 23.Applegate, T.J., W. Powers, and R. Angel. 2005. Feeding to reduce emissions from manure from non-ruminants. Minnesota Nutrition Conference Proceedings. pp 95-104. 24.Applegate, T.J.. 2005. The nutritional value of dehulled-degermed corn for broiler chickens and its impact on nutrient excretion. Poultry Sci. 84(Suppl. 1):115. 25.Applegate, T.J., W. Powers, P. Jaynes, A. Storm, and M. Jeffrey. 2005. Effect of dietary phosphorus concentration on nutrient mass balance of laying hens. Poultry Sci. 84(Suppl. 1):80. 26.Foster, K., M. Echarnier, B. Richert and A. Sutton. 2005. Economic impact of low nutrient excretion diets in pork production with policy implications. J. Anim. Sci. 83 (Suppl 2):53. 27.Heber, A.J., P.C. Tao, J.Q. Ni, T.T. Lim, and A.M. Schmidt. 2005. Air emissions from two swine finishing building with flushing: ammonia characteristics. Proc. 7th Intl. Symp. Livestock Environment. ASAE Publ. No. 701P0205. 28.Hinson, R., D. Sholly, A. Yager, M. Walsh, K. Saddoris, L. Wilson, D. Kelly, J. Radcliffe, A. Sutton, A. Schinckel and B. Richert. 2005. Effect of feeding a low nutrient excretion diet on pig growth performance and carcass characteristics in a commercial wean-finish setting. J. Anim. Sci. 83 (Suppl. 2):53. 29.Hinson, R., M. Walsh, A. Yager, D. Sholly, L. Wilson, J. Beagle, S. Pence, K. Saddoris, D. Kelly, S. Radcliffe, A. Schinckel, A. Sutton and B. Richert. 2005. The effect of feeding low nutrient excretion diet with the addition of soybean hulls and non-sulfur trace minerals on growth performance and carcass characteristics in grow-finish pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 83 (Suppl. 2):53-54. 30.Hinson, R., D. Kelly, M. Cobb, J. Radcliffe, A. Schinckel, A. Sutton and B. Richert. 2005. The effect of feeding low nutrient excretion diets with the addition of soybean hulls and non-sulfur trace minerals on manure generation and composition from grow-finish swine. J. Anim. Sci. 83 (Suppl. 2):54. 31.Hinson, R., B. Hill, M. Walsh, D. Sholly, S. Trapp, J. Radcliffe, A. Sutton, A. Schinckel, B. Richert, G. Hill and J. Link. 2005. Effect of feeding reduced crude protein and phosphorus diets on pig compartmental and whole body mineral masses and accretion rates. J. Anim. Sci. 83 (Suppl. 1):119. 32.Quin, J., A.J. Heber, T.T. Lim, C.A. Diehl. 2005. A low-cost technique to monitor ventilation fan operation at animal buildings. Proc. 7th Intl. Symp. Livestock Environment. ASAE Publ. No. 701P0205. 33.Richert, B. T., A. L. Sutton, A. P. Schinckel, J. S. Radcliffe and A. J. Heber. 2005. Impact of diet manipulation on nutrient excretion and air emissions intensive studies. J. Anim. Sci. 83 (Suppl 2):52. 34.Schinckel, A., R. Hinson, A. Sutton, B. Richert and S. Radcliffe. 2005. Using growth models to predict nutrient requirements and excretions. J. Anim. Sci. 83 (Suppl 2):52-53. 35.Patterson, P.H., P.A. Moore, Jr. and R. Angel. 2005. Phosphorus and poultry nutrition. In: Phosphorus: Agriculture and the Environment. J.T. Sims and A.N. Sharpley, eds. American Society of Agronomy - Crop Science Society of America - Soil Science Society of America Monograph, Madison, WI 36.Head, M. A. C. R. Mota, J. A. Ridenoure, F. L. de los Reyes III, and J. J. Cheng. (2005) Intermittent Aeration for Nitrogen Removal from High-Ammonia Wastewater through Nitrification and Denitrification in a Single Reactor. 2005 Animal Waste Management Symposium, 5-7 October 2005, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 37.Head, M. A. C. R. Mota, J. A. Ridenoure, F. L. de los Reyes III, and J. J. Cheng. (2005) Nitrogen Removal from Anaerobically Pretreated Swine Wastewater in an Intermittent Aeration Process. 2005 ASAE Annual International Meeting, 17 - 20 July 2005, Tampa, Florida. 38.Head, M. A., J. C. Williams, C. R. Mota, F. L. de los Reyes III, and J. J. Cheng. (2005) Nitrogen Removing Activity of Granules in Intermittent Aeration Reactors Treating High-Ammonia Wastewater, 4th International Water Association Specialized Conference on Microorganisms in Activated Sludge and Biofilm Systems, July 17-20, Gold Coast, Australia. 39.Head, M.A., J.A. Ridenoure, C.R. Mota, F.L. de los Reyes III, and J.J. Cheng. (2005) Optimization of Intermittent Aeration for Nitrogen Removal from Swine Wastewater. Industrial Wastewater (newsletter), August/September 2005, Water Environment Federation, Alexandria, Virginia. 40.Westerman, P. W. 2005. Agricultural organic waste management for environmental sustainability. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Biogas Production, Wastewater Treatment and Management Strategies of Organic Residues, p. 63-79. Suwon, Republic of Korea, 5 September 2005. National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, UNDP-RDA Cooperative Project, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. 41.Westerman, P. W. and J. Arogo Ogejo. 2005. Centrifuge solids/liquid separation of swine flushed manure and lagoon sludge. Presented at 2005 ASAE International Meeting, Tampa, FL, 17-20 July 2005. ASAE Paper No. 054090. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI 12 pg. 42.Darr, M. J. , L. Zhao, M. R. Ehsani, J. K. Ward, and T. S. Stombaugh. 2005. Evaluation of Controller Area Network Data Collection System in Confined Animal Feeding Operations. Pp. 179-187 in Seventh International Livestock Environment Symposium (18-20 May 2005, Beijing, China), ed. Tami Brown-Brandl and Ronaldo Maghirang. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, Michigan. 43.Hoorman, J.J. J.N. Rausch and M.J. Shipitalo. 2005. Ohio Livestock Manure Violations. Paper No: 052060. 2005 ASAE Annual International Meeting, Tampa Convention Center, Tampa, Florida , 17-20 July 2005. 44.Keener, H.M. and F.C. Michel Jr. 2005. Predicting NH3 emissions from manure N for caged layer facilities. A modified mass balance approach. Symposium on the State of Science of Animal Manure and Waste Management. 1/5-7. Marriott River Center, San Antonio, TX. Published on CD. http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/waste_mgt/natlcenter/sanantonio/proceedings.htm. 45.Keener, H.M., T.F. Wilkinson, F.C. Michel Jr. and L.C. Brown. 2005b. Evaluation of leaching from composting windrows using a rainfall simulator. 2005 Animal Waste Management Symposium. 10/5-7. Sheraton Imperial Hotel and Conference Center, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/waste_mgt/05wastesymposium/PDFS/Keener.pdf. 46.Michel Jr., F C., S.K. Grewal, S. Rajeev, and S. Sreevatsan. 2005a. Persistence of Microbial Pathogens during Composting, Liquid-Storage and Pack Storage of Dairy and Swine Manures. 2005 Animal Waste Management Symposium. 10/5-7. Sheraton Imperial Hotel and Conference Center, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 47.Michel Jr., F.C., H.M. Keener, J.Rigot, T. Wilkinson and J. Pecchia. 2005b. Effects of Straw, Sawdust and Sand Bedding on Dairy Manure Composting. Symposium on the State of Science of Animal Manure and Waste Management. 1/5-7. Marriott River Center, San Antonio, TX. Published on CD http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/waste_mgt/natlcenter/sanantonio/proceedings.htm. 48.Rausch, J. N., L. C . Brown, J. J. Hoorman, T. M. Harrigan, W. G. Bickert, M. J. Shipitalo, M. J. Monnin, S. R. Reamer, M. I. Gangwar, F. E. Gibbs, H. M. Keener. 2005a. Overview of Guidelines for Liquid Manure Application on Drained Cropland in the Midwest. ASAE Paper 052061. Presented at 2005 ASAE Annual International Meeting. 7/14-20. Tampa Convention Center, Tampa, Florida. Published on CD. 49.Rausch, J. N., L. C . Brown, J. J. Hoorman, T. M. Harrigan, W. G. Bickert, M. J. Shipitalo, M. J. Monnin, S. R. Reamer, M. I. Gangwar, F. E. Gibbs, H. M. Keener. 2005b. Research, Educational, and Technical Assistance Priorities for Liquid Manure Application in the Midwest. ASAE Paper 052062. Presented at 2005 ASAE Annual International Meeting. 7/14-20. Tampa Convention Center, Tampa, Florida. Published on CD. 50.Wilkinson, T.F., H.A.J. Hoitink and H.M. Keener. 2005. Evaluation of approaches for composting cardboard bedding/horse manure - Phase II: Plant growth in compost mixes. NABEC Paper 05-003. Presented at 2005 NABEC Conference, 8/7-10. Lewes, Delaware. http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/ocamm/&&&&..pdf. 51.Zhao, L. Y., M. Brugger, R. Manuzon, G. Arnold, E. Imerman. 2005b. Study of Air Quality Spatial and Temporal Distributions on Large Dairy Farms in Ohio. Pp. 188-197 in Seventh International Livestock Environment Symposium (18-20 May 2005, Beijing, China), ed. Tami Brown-Brandl and Ronaldo Maghirang. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, Michigan. 52.Zhao, L. Y., R. Manuzon, M. Brugger, G. Arnold, R. Bender. 2005c. Air Quality of Swine Wean-finish Facilities with Deep-pit and Pull-plug-lagoon Manure Storage Systems. Pp. 207-215 in Seventh International Livestock Environment Symposium (18-20 May 2005, Beijing, China), ed. Tami Brown-Brandl and Ronaldo Maghirang. Copyright 2005 American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, Michigan. 53.Jacobson, L.D., B.P. Hetchler, V.J. Johnson, D.R. Schmidt, R.E. Nicolai, A.J. Heber, J.Q. Ni, J.A. Koziel, J.M. Sweeten, S.J. Hoff, D.S. Bundy, Y. Zhang, and D.B. Beasley. 2005. Air Pollutant Emissions from Confined Animal Buildings-Dry Sow Buildings in Minnesota. Paper # 53. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Air & Waste Management Association Meeting (available on the proceedings CD Rom) Held in Minneapolis, MN, June 21-24, 2005. 54.Hoff, S.J., D.S. Bundy, M.A. Huebner, B.C. Zelle, L.D. Jacobson, A.J. Heber, J.Q. Ni, J.A. Koziel, J.M. Sweeten,Y. Zhang, and D.B. Beasley. 2005. NH3, H2S, CO2, PM, and Odor Animal Emission Data from the Six-State (APECAB) Project; Swine Deep-Pit Finishing Buildings. Paper # 648. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Air & Waste Management Association Meeting (available on the proceedings CD Rom) Held in Minneapolis, MN, June 21-24, 2005. 55.J. Koziel, B. Baek, C. Bayley, J. Spinhirne, K. Bush, A. Balota, J.M. Sweeten, S.J. Hoff, L.D. Jacobson, A.J. Heber, J.Q. Ni, Y. Zhang, and D.B. Beasley. 2005. NH3, H2S, CO2, PM, and Odor Animal Emission Data from the Six-State (APECAB) Project; Swine Finishing Buildings in Texas. Paper # 1043. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Air & Waste Management Association Meeting (available on the proceedings CD Rom) Held in Minneapolis, MN, June 21-24, 2005. 56.Jerez, S., Y. Zhang, J.W. McClure, A.J. Heber, J.Q. Ni, L.D. Jacobson, S.J Hoff, J.A. Koziel, J.M. Sweeten and D.B. Beasley. Aerial Pollutant Concentrations and Emission Rate Measurements from a Swine Farrowing Building in Illinois. Paper # 1026. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Air & Waste Management Association Meeting (available on the proceedings CD Rom) Held in Minneapolis, MN, June 21-24, 2005. 57.Heber, A.J., J.Q. Ni, T.T. Teng, R. Chervil, P.C Tao, L.D. Jacobson, S.J. Hoff, Y. Zhang, J.A. Koziel and D.B. Beasley. Air Pollutant Emissions From Two High-Rise Layer Barns in Indiana. Paper # 1368. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Air & Waste Management Association Meeting (available on the proceedings CD Rom) Held in Minneapolis, MN, June 21-24, 2005.

Publications Attachment:

Attachment

Impact Statements

"Utilization of poultry litter by feeding cattle on pasture would avoid applying excessive amounts to the soil.
" Milk parlor wastewater can be treated and reused properly via this pilot project of potential integrating the innovative bioreactors with the existing anaerobic lagoon wastewater treatment system. This will allow the U.S dairy farm to be able to achieve the goal of developing the friendly agricultural production and environmental protection system.
" Improving the dietary P utilization by non-ruminant animals (swine and chickens), reduces the excretion of P in their manure, which has important environmental implications. The development of mathematical models now allows for more accurate estimates of P needs and P excretion of growing-finishing pigs.
" Mastitis is estimated to cost to the US dairy industry about $1 billion annually. Infectious mastitis can be contracted from several sources including the cows environment such as wet, muddy, and manure-soiled paddocks and stalls where the cow lies down. The economic benefit of lime treating dairy cow stalls was estimated to improve milk production by $46.53/cow/yr.
" The research program at Tifton is designed to develop technologies for utilization of animal wastes and municipal sludge such that nutrients are captured and used to produce biomass while environmental quality is protected.
" The first five alternative treatment system permits for CAFOs in the nation have been issued based on the ISU model results for feedlots in Iowa.
" US EPA is using these weekly and event based samples to develop standard methods for analyzing pathogens in animal agriculture treatment systems.
" Ozone application to a swine building at 0.1 ppm does not affect dust mass, odor, sulfur compound concentrations, or bacteria counts.
" Careful application of the indirect method for determination of building ventilation rate could greatly improve the affordability and versatility of endeavors toward quantifying air emissions from confined animal housing.
" Diet acidification, sequestration, and source reduction are combined feeding technologies that can reduce NH3 emissions by nearly 40%.
" Ammonia in swine finishing buildings can be reduced by 40 percent with sprinkling of soybean oil.
" Hens fed increasing NPP concentrations from 0.16 to 0.40 % excreted 32 to 54 percent more P over the first cycle of egg production.
" Mass of phosphorus excreted at can be nearly 40 % less for male turkeys fed closer to requirements and supplemental phytase than what industry typically feeds.
"Dietary phosphorus (non-phytate phosphorus) concentration can be reduced from 0.4% to 0.16% when phytase is supplemented for laying hens.
" The feeding of low-nutrient excretion diets reduced N excretion by an average of 18% and P excretion by 56% when compared to standard corn-soybean meal based diets.
" Feeding low nutrient excretion-based diets reduced grower performance but maintained finisher performance and carcass characteristics compared to a standard corn-SBM diet.
" In a commercial setting, feeding a low-nutrient excretion diet reduced grower performance but maintained finisher and overall performance, with no differences in carcass characteristics compared to a standard corn-SBM diet.
" When pigs were fed a low nutrient excretion based diet, no substantive differences in individual mineral accretion rates.

Date of Annual Report: 11/11/2007

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 02/28/2006 - 03/02/2006
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2001 - 09/01/2007

Participants

(see list at NIMSS site for S-1000, 2007 meeting; participants included sixteen Land Grant University Experiment Stations, two universities in US Territories, USDA-ARS, USDA-CSREES, FDA, and EPA.)

Brief Summary of Minutes

see NIMSS site for minutes in the 2007 SAES-422

Accomplishments

Introduction: This project brings together scientists from various disciplines to holistically address the environmental issues and concerns facing the livestock and poultry industry in North America. Our approach involves by necessity a large and diverse group representing most of the ecosystems and animal husbandry systems of the United States; we have found working in this community of professionals to be stimulating and productive toward the stated objectives of the project. We have also affirmed that the four main objectives of the project, which to the casual observer may appear disparate, are so interrelated in practice that the experimental work being carried out in any of the areas naturally connects into one or more of the other areas. That intertwining of sub-systems has led us to propose a more bold approach in a succeeding project, S-1032, of inviting participation by economists, ecologists and others to assist us in developing a new way of describing the functions and interactions of livestock and poultry production within the broader context of the environment. These are the objectives proposed at the beginning of the project in 2001 (see the list of specific tasks at http://www.ag.auburn.edu/aaes/s1000/objectv.htm : " Objective 1. Develop management tools, strategies and systems for land application of animal manures and effluents that optimize efficient, environmentally friendly utilization of nutrients and are compatible with sustained land and water quality " Objective 2. Develop, evaluate, and refine physical, chemical and biological treatment processes in engineered and natural systems for management of manures and other wastes. " Objective 3. Develop methodology, technology, and management practices to reduce odors, gases, airborne microflora, particulate matter, and other airborne emissions from animal production systems. " Objective 4. Develop and evaluate feeding systems for their potential to alter the excretion of environmentally-sensitive nutrients by livestock. These milestones were proposed early in the project: As models of various processes are developed, they will be shared with the project participants and the administrative advisor for the purpose of fine-tuning the projects short term goals. Analytical and economic descriptions of systems -- land application, manure treatment, odor control, and nutrition -- will be an important part of evaluating progress. Accomplishments and impacts: (see a more complete list of accomplishments and impact statements at the annual reports site in NIMSS) Members of the project demonstrated substantial scientific progress toward each of the four main objectives during the term of the project. In all the following examples, states cooperated by sharing research capabilities, sharing data, and building on success during the period of the project. Most of the research activities were multi-year and some are still going on at the time of this writing. Project members explored many creative approaches to enhance performance of established components of livestock management systems or existing technologies. Some of the approaches showed considerable success, while others led to improved understanding of biological, chemical, and physical processes. Examples: Project scientists designed and demonstrated dairy wastewater treatment systems that can clean wastewater to the point of being re-usable in the dairy facility. Such systems combine, in an innovative package, refined versions of known technologies such as anaerobic digestion, nitrification and denitrification. Improved vegetative and aquatic systems were developed that polish wastewater to remove nutrients and sequester nutrients in a harvestable crop. New technologies were developed. Examples: A newly isolated treatment bacterium for removing ammonia from livestock wastewater promises to reduce wastewater treatment costs for farms and make advanced systems feasible that can discharge or reuse water. Greenhouse gas emissions are reduced at the same time. A continuous thermochemical conversion process for making crude oil product from animal wastes and other agricultural by-products is nearing commercialization. Using black soldier flies to digest manure and produce a valuable animal feed can also reduce swine manure odor. Project members investigated emerging areas of environmental concerns. Examples: Project members investigated antibiotic resistant organisms in manure and wastewater, and the fate of endocrine disruptors and pharmaceutical products in water running off manure land application sites. Three commonly used dairy manure management strategies were simulated to determine the persistence of several classes of pathogens. Mycobacyterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis, E. Coli 0157:H7, Listeria mollocytogenes, and Salmonella spp. were monitored through a series of laboratory experiments to determine the effects of high temperature composting treatment compared to low temperature solid and liquid manure storages. Results can be used to design treatment strategies for manure that will be used in pathogen-sensitive environments such as vegetable production or residential gardening. Some of the more significant impacts were development of new standards. Examples: " manure production and characteristics, revision of an old ASAE standard that was outdated and not very useful, to a new version that is enjoying rapid adoption by livestock industries " a universal methane productivity equation to make it easier to develop methane digestion systems for systems housing any livestock species " air emissions measurement, which allow scientists across the country to speak the same language and collect similar kinds of data on livestock system emissions New models were developed for predicting interactions between livestock production facilities and the environment. Examples: A number of odor footprint estimators, built on models used by EPA to predict transport of pollutants from point sources, were developed and validated. These new tools will help livestock industry and community planning representatives decide where to allow siting of new livestock facilities, so that odor and other nuisance-related conflicts between producers and communities can be minimized. Odors and hydrogen sulfide emissions from large dairy manure storage ponds were observed and the atmospheric conditions delineated that cause the most nuisance downwind from the facilities, thus providing a tool for producers to use in planning their mitigation efforts based on conditions. Extension programs made widespread use of S-1000 findings to inform producers, community planners, and agencies about latest technologies and management practices. Examples: Project members authored most of the chapters in, and reviewed and pilot tested all of, the Livestock and Poultry Environmental Stewardship national curriculum (see www.lpes.org ). The LPES curriculum became a widely recognized text defining the current state of the art of livestock manure management and odor control technologies. Various states use the LPES curriculum in Extension training environments. In many states, science-based information resulting from the S-1000 project was shared to help community members better understand the actual environmental impacts of livestock production. Dialogue within the community among citizens, environmentalists and livestock producers was initiated a critical step in acceptance of farming practices. The project (now S-1032) is at a crucial turning point, during which the members will be expected to coalesce the knowledge of components into a systems approach. Such an approach will assist engineers, planners, educators, policymakers and others in deciding the wide-ranging effects of implementing specific technologies and management protocols. Examples: Compared to the beginning of the project, scientists associated with S-1000 have learned a lot more than they knew then about modifying livestock diets to reduce excretions of environmentally sensitive nutrients. Project members have shown that feeding swine and poultry low-phytase corn and soybeans, plus including synthetic phytase in the diets, can reduce phosphorus excretion by more than 50%. Animal performance is not decreased. This is an incredible impact, a substantial removal of potentially polluting phosphorus from the environment. We do not know the system-wide extent of such a change in livestock diets, however. We need a way to quantify all the implications of reducing the use of mined phosphate in those diets, from the supplier all the way to the watershed level. A variety of management practices for beef feedyards have been explored and refined by S-1000 participating scientists. However, the investigators are quick to point out that the air-emissions mitigation practices may affect water quality and other environmental factors. The system effects the ecological footprint of feedyard production should be examined to obtain the best overall outcomes and to equip planners with better decision tools.

Publications

Refereed journal articles Elwell, D.L., H.M. Keener, M.C. Wiles, D.C. Borger, and L.B. Willett. 2001. Odorous emissions and odor control in composting swine manure/sawdust mixes using continuous and intermittent aeration. Transactions of the ASAE 44(5): 1307-1316. Guo, H., L.D. Jacobson, D.R. Schmidt, and R.E. Nicolai. 2001. Calibrating INPUFF-2 model by resident-receptors for long-distance odor dispersion from animal feedlots. Appl. Engr. in Agr. 17(6): 859-868. Keener, H.M., D.L. Elwell K. Ekinci and H.A.J. Hointink. 2001. Composting and value-added utilization of manure from a High-RiseTM swine finishing facility. Compost Sci. Util 9(4): 312-321. Keener, H.M., D.L. Elwell, T. Menke, and R. Stowell. 2001. Design and performance of a high-rise hog facility manure drying bed. Appl. Engr. in Agr. 17(5): xxxx Sanderson, M.A., R.M. Jones, M.J.McFarland, J. Stroup, R.L. Reed, and J.P Muir. 2001. Nutrient movement and removal in a switchgrass biomass-filter strip system treated with dairy manure. J. Environ. Qual. 30:210-216. Traylor, S.L., G.L. Cromwell, M.D. Lindemann, and D.A. Knabe. 2001. Effects of level of supplemental phytase on ileal digestibility of amino acids, calcium, and phosphorus in dehulled soybean meal for growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 79: 2634-2642. Wiles, M.C., D.L. Elwell, H.M. Keener, J.C. Amburgey, D.C. Borger, and L.B. Willett. 2001. Volatile fatty acid emissions during composting of swine waste amended with sawdust as a measure of odor potential. Compost Sci. Util 9(1): 27-37. Angel, R., N.M. Tamim, T.J. Applegate, A.S. Dhandu, and L.E. Ellestad. 2002. Phytic acid chemistry: Influence on phytin-phosphorus availability and phytase efficacy. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 11: 471-480. Cheng, J. and B. Liu. 2002. Swine wastewater treatment in anaerobic digesters with floating medium. Transactions of the ASAE 45(3): 799-805. Cheng, J., B.A. Bergmann, J.J. Classen, A.M. Stomp, and J.W. Howard. 2002. Nutrient recovery from swine lagoon water by Spirodela punctata. Bioresource Technology 81(1): 81-85. De Visscher, A., L. A. Harper, P. W. Westerman, Z. Liang, J. Arogo, R. R. Sharpe, and O. Van Cleemput. 2002. Ammonia emissions from anaerobic swine lagoons: Model development. J. Applied Meteorology 41:426-433. Ekinci, K., H.M. Keener and D.L. Elwell. 2002. Composting short paper fiber with broiler litter and additives. II. Evaluation and optimization of decomposition rate versus mixing ratio. Compost Sci. Util 10(1):16-28. Elwell, D.L. J.-H. Hong and H.M. Keener. 2002. Composting hog manure/sawdust mixtures using intermittent and continuous aeration. Ammonia emissions. Compost Sci. Util 10(2):142-149. Evers, G.W. 2002. Ryegrass-bermudagrass production and nutrient uptake when combining nitrogen fertilizer with broiler litter. Agron. J. 94: 905-910. Gaudreau, J.E., D.M. Vietor, R.H. White, T.L. Provin, and C.L. Munster. 2002. Response of turf and quality of water runoff to manure and fertilizer. J. Environ. Qual. 31: 1316-1322. Gralapp, A.K., W.J. Powers, M.A. Faust, and D.S. Bundy. 2002. Effects of dietary ingredients on manure characteristics and odorous emissions from swine. J. Anim. Sci. 80(6): 1512-1519. Hill, V.R., A. Kantardjieff, M.D. Sobsey, and P.W. Westerman. 2002. Reduction of enteric microbes in flushed swine wastewater treated by a biological aerated filter and UV radiation. Water Environ. Res. 74(1): 91-99. Keener, H.M., D.L. Elwell and D. Grande. 2002. NH3 emissions and N-balances for 1.6 million caged layer facility: manure belt/composting system vs deep pit operation. Transactions of ASAE 45(6): 1977-1984. Li, X. and R.H. Zhang. 2002. Aerobic treatment of dairy wastewater with sequencing batch reactor systems. Bioprocess and Biosystem Engineering 25: 103-109. Liang, Z.S., P.W. Westerman and J. Arogo. 2002. Modeling ammonia emission from swine anaerobic lagoons. Transactions of the ASAE 45(3): 787-798. Sherlock, R.R., S.G. Sommer, R.Z. Khan, C.W. Wood, E.A. Guertal, J.R. Freney, C.O. Dawson, and K.C. Cameron. 2002. Emission of ammonia, nitrous oxide and methane from pig slurry applied to a pasture in New Zealand. J. Environ. Qual. 31:1491-1501. Sun, H., R.R. Stowell, H.M. Keener, and F.C. Michel Jr. 2002a. Two-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model of air velocity and ammonia distribution in a High-Rise" Hog Building. Transactions of ASAE 45(6): 1559-1568. Tan, Z.C. and Y. Zhang. 2002. Advances in centrifugal separators for particulate matter control from stationary sources. J. Thermal Science 11(3): 283-288. Thompson, R.B. and J.J. Meisinger. 2002. Management factors affecting ammonia volatilization from land-applied cattle slurry in the Mid-Atlantic US. J. Environ. Quality 31: 1329-1338. Van Kempem, T.A.T.G., W.J. Powers and A. Sutton. 2002. Technical note: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as an optical nose for predicting odor sensation. J. Anim. Sci. 80(6): 1524-1527. Vietor, D.M., E.N. Griffith, R.H. White, T.L. Provin, J.P. Muir, and J.C. Read. 2002. Export of manure phosphorus and nitrogen in turfgrass sod. J. Environ. Qual. 31: 1731-1738. Wang, E., W.L. Harman, J.R. Williams, and J.M. Sweeten. 2002. Profitability and nutrient losses of alternative manure application strategies with conservation tillage. J. Soil and Water Conservation 57(4): 221-228. Wang, X., Y. Zhang, G.L. Riskowski, and M. Ellis. 2002. Measurement and analysis of dust spatial distribution in a mechanically ventilated swine building. Biosystems Engineering 81(2): 225-236. Westerman, P.W. and J.R. Bicudo. 2002. Application of mixed and aerated pond for nitrification and denitrification of flushed swine manure. Appl. Engr. in Agr. 18(3): 351-358. Al-Dahmani, J.M., P.A. Abbasi, S.A. Miller, and H.A.J. Hoitink. 2003. Suppression of bacterial spot of tomato with foliar sprays of compost extracts under greenhouse and field conditions. Plant Dis. 87: 913-919. Annamalai, K., B.F. Thien and J.M. Sweeten. 2003. Co-Firing of coal and cattle feedlot biomass (FB) fuels, Part II: Performance results from 30 kW (100,000 BTU/Hr) laboratory scale boiler burner. Fuel 82(2003): 1183-1193. Applegate, T.J., B.C. Joern, D.L. Nussbaum-Wagler, and R. Angel. 2003. Water soluble phosphorus in fresh broiler litter is dependent upon phosphorus concentration fed but not on fungal phytase supplementation. Poultry Sci. 82:1024-1029. Applegate, T.J., R. Angel and H.L. Classen. 2003. Effect of dietary calcium, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, and bird strain on small intestinal phytase activity in broiler chickens. Poultry Sci. 82: 1140-1148. Arogo, J., P.W. Westerman and A. Heber. 2003. A review of ammonia emissions from confined swine feeding operations. Transactions of the ASAE 46(3): 805-817. Bicudo, J.R. and S.M. Goyal. 2003. Pathogens and manure management systems - a review. Environmental Technology 24(1): 115-130. Chaiprapat, S., J. Cheng, J.J. Classen, J.J. Ducoste, and S.K. Liehr. 2003. Modeling nitrogen transport in duckweed pond for secondary treatment of swine wastewater. J. Environ. Engr. 129(8): 731-739. Changa, C.M., P.Wang, M.E.Watson, H.A.J. Hoitink, and F.C. Michel Jr. 2003. Assessment of a commercial maturity test kit for composted manures. 2003. Compost Sci. Util. 11:127-145. Dhandu, A.S. and R. Angel. 2003. Broiler non-phytin phosphorus requirement in the finisher and withdrawal phases of a commercial four-phase feeding system. Poult. Sci. 82: 1257-1265. Guo, H., L.D. Jacobson, D.R. Schmidt, and R.E. Nicolai. 2003. Evaluation of the influence of atmospheric conditions on odor dispersion from animal production sites. Transactions of the ASAE 46(2): 461-466. Hubbard, R.K., G.L. Newton and G.J. Gascho. 2003. Nutrient removal by grass components of vegetated buffer systems receiving swine lagoon effluent. J. Soil Water Conserv. 58(5): 232-242. Maguire, R.O., J.T. Sims, J.M. McGrath, and C.R. Angel. 2003. Phytase and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in turkey diets affects phosphorus solubility in manure amended soils. Soil Sci. 168: 421-433. Mukhtar, S, A. Rose, S. Capareda, C. Boriack, R. Lacey, B. Shaw, and C. Parnell Jr. 2003. Assessment of ammonia adsorption onto Teflon and LDPE tubing used in pollutant stream conveyance. Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR Journal of Scientific Research and Development. Manuscript BC 03 012. V(29): 1-13. Newton, G.L., G.J. Gascho, J.K. Bernard, J.R. Allison, R.K. Hubbard, R.N. Gates, and G. Vellidis. 2003. Managing manure nutrients through multi-crop forage production. J. Dairy Sci. 86: 2243-2252. Otto, E.R., M. Yokoyama, S. Hengemuehle, R.D. von Bernuth, T. van Kempen, and N.L. Trottier. 2003. Ammonia, volatile fatty acids, phenolics and odor offensiveness in manure from growing pigs fed diets reduced in protein concentration. J. Ani. Sci. 81: 1754-1763. Powers, W.J. 2003. Keeping science in environmental regulations: the role of the animal scientist. J. Dairy Science 86(4): 1045-1051. Sun, Y. and Y. Zhang. 2003. Validation of a stereoscopic particle image velocimetry system for full-scale room air flow studies. ASHRAE Transactions 109(2). Sweeten, J.M., K. Annamalai, B.F. Thien, and L.A. McDonald. 2003. Co-firing of coal and cattle feedlot biomass (FB) fuels, Part I: Feedlot biomass (cattle manure) fuel quality and characteristics. Fuel 82(2003): 1167-1182. Tamim, N.M.and R. Angel. 2003. Phytate phosphorus hydrolysis as influenced by dietary calcium and micro-mineral source in broiler diets. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51: 4687-4693. Tan, Z.C. and Y. Zhang. 2003. An overview of particulate matter in indoor environments: sources and effects. ASHRAE Transactions 109(2). 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Sci. 86(4): 443-455. Davis, J.G., C.C. Truman, S.C. Kim, J.C. Ascough II, and K. Carlson. 2006. Antibiotic transport via runoff and soil loss. J. Environ. Qual. 35: 2250-2260. Ekinci, K., H.M.Keener and D. Akbolat. 2006. Effects of feedstock, airflow rate, and recirculation ratio on the performance of composting systems with air recirculation. Bioresource Technology 97(2006): 922-932 Gascho, G.J. and R.K. Hubbard. 2006. Long-term impact of broiler litter on chemical properties of a Coastal Plain soil. J. Soil Water Conservation 61(2):65-74. Grewal, S.K, S Rajeev, S Sreevatsan, and F.C. Michel Jr. 2006. Persistence of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis and other zoonotic pathogens during simulated composting, manure packing, and liquid storage of dairy manure. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72: 565-574. Haan, M.M., J.R. Russell, W.J. Powers, J.L. Kovar, and J.L. Benning. 2006. Grazing management effects on sediment and phosphorus in surface runoff. Rangeland Ecology and Management 59(6): 607-615. Harrigan, T.M., D.R. Mutch and S.S. Snapp. 2006. Manure slurry-enriched micro-site seeding of biosuppressive covers. Appl. Engr. in Agr. 22(6): 827-834. Heber, A.J., T.T. Lim, J.Q. Ni, P.C. Tao, A.M. Schmidt, J.A. Koziel, S.J. Hoff, L.D. Jacobson, Y. Zhang, and G.B. Baughman. 2006. Quality assured measurements of animal building emissions: particulate matter concentrations. J. Air and Waste Management Association 56: 1642-1648. Heber, A.J., J.Q. Ni, T.T. Lim, P.C. Tao, A.M. Schmidt, J.A. Koziel, D.B. Beasley, S.J. Hoff, R.E. Nicolai, L.D. Jacobson, and Y. Zhang. 2006. Quality assured measurements of animal building emissions: gas concentrations. J. Air and Waste Management Association 56: 1472-1483. Hoff, S.J., D.S. Bundy, M.A. Nelson, B.C. Zelle, L.D. Jacobson, A.J. Heber, J.Q. Ni, Y. Zhang, J.A. Koziel, and D.B. Beasley. 2006. Emissions of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and odor before, during and after slurry removal from a deep-pit swine finisher. J. Air and Waste Management Association 56: 581-590. Jerez, S.B, Y. Zhang, J. McClure, L. Jacobson, A. Heber, S. Hoff, J. Koziel, and D. Beasley. 2006. Comparison of measured total suspended particulate matter concentration using tapered element oscillating microbalance and a TSP sampler. J. Air and Waste Management Association 56: 261-270. Johnson, G.A., J.G. Davis, Y.L. Qian, and K.C. Doesken. 2006. Topdressing turf with composted manure improves soil quality and protects water quality. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 70: 2114-2121. Johnson, G.A., Y.L. Qian and J.G. Davis. 2006. Effects of compost topdressing on turf quality and growth of Kentucky bluegrass. Online. Applied Turfgrass Science. doi:10.1094/ATS-2006-0113-01-RS. Kalbasi, A., S. Mukhtar, S. E. Hawkins, and B. W. Auvermann. 2006. 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Evaluation of zeolite for control of odorants emissions from simulated poultry manure storage. J. Environ. Qual. 36(1): 184-193. Zhu, J, X. Wu, C. Miller, F. Yu, P. Chen, and R. Ruan. 2007. Biohydrogen production through fermentation using liquid swine manure as substrate. J. Environ. Sci. and Health B42 (4): 1-9. Conference proceedings and abstracts Arogo, J., P. W. Westerman, A. J. Heber, W. P. Robarge, and J. J. Classen. 2001. Ammonia emissions from animal feeding operations. White paper sponsored by the National Center for Manure and Animal Waste Management, Published by Midwest Plan Service (also available on CD), Ames, IA. 63 pg. Auvermann, B., R. Bottcher, A. Heber, D. Meyer, C.B. Parnell, Jr., B. Shaw, and J. Worley. 2001. Particulate Matter Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations. National Center for Manure and Animal Waste Management. Available through Midwest Plan Service at http://www.mwpshq.org. Sweeten, J.M., L. Jacobson, A.J. Heber, D. Schmidt, J. Lorimor, P. 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Impacts of genetically modified, low-phytate corn and soybean meal and transgenic pigs possessing salivary phytase on phosphorus excretion. Proceedings Midwest Swine Conference, Indianapolis, IN, September 4. Pp. 59-72. Heber, A.J., J.-Q. Ni, T.T. Lim, P.C. Tao, A.M. Millmier, L.D. Jacobson, R.E. Nicolai, J. A. Koziel, S.J. Hoff, Y. Zhang, and D.B. Beasley. 2002. Quality assured measurements of animal building emissions: Part 1. Gas concentrations. Symposium on Air Quality Measurement Methods and Technology, San Francisco, CA. November 13-25. Air and Waste Management Association: Pittsburgh, PA. Heber, A.J., T.T. Lim; J.Z. Gallien; J.-Q. Ni; P.C. Tao, L.D. Jacobson, J.A. Koziel, S.J. Hoff, Y. Zhang, and G.B. Baughman. 2002. Quality assured measurements of animal building emissions: Part 2. Particulate matter concentrations. Symposium on Air Quality Measurement Methods and Technology, San Francisco, CA, November 13-25. Air and Waste Management Association: Pittsburgh, PA. Hill, J., R.D. von Bernuth and E.C. Cline. 2002. Monitoring and regulation of ozonation systems in livestock production facilities. ASAE Annual International Meeting, Chicago, IL. ASAE Paper No. 02-4055. St. Joseph, MI. Hubbard, R.K. and G.L. Newton. 2002. Long-term impact of swine lagoon wastewater on shallow groundwater nitrogen levels in vegetated buffer systems. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation Animal Residuals Conference, May 6-8. Washington, D.C. At www.biosolids.com. Humenik, F.J., R.D. von Bernuth, T.L. Richard, and F. Michael Jr. 2002. Livestock housing design to enhance management of liquid stream and in-house gases. Proceedings of the 4th International Livestock Waste Management Symposium and Technology Expo, Global Perspective in Livestock Waste Mgmt. Penang, Malaysia. Pp. 113-118. Jacobson, L.D., R.E. Nicolai, A.J. Heber; J.-Q. Ni; T.T. Lim, J.A. Koziel, S.J. Hoff, Y. Zhang, and D.B. Beasley. 2002. Quality assured measurements of animal building emissions: Part 3. Odor concentrations. Symposium on Air Quality Measurement Methods and Technology, San Francisco, CA, November 13-25. Air and Waste Management Association: Pittsburgh, PA. Janni, K.A and D.R. Schmidt. 2002. Correlation of odor with air and manure chemistry. Final report to the Minnesota Environmental Quality Board (EQB). January 15. Janni, K.A and D.R. Schmidt. 2002. Emissions of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, odor, and particulate matter. Final report to the Minnesota Environmental Quality Board (EQB) and the Minnesota Department of Agriculture (MDA). January 15. Kim-Yang, H.S., R. D. von Bernuth and S. Davies. 2002. Ozonation effect on odorous compounds in livestock building air. ASAE Annual International Meeting, Chicago, IL. ASAE Paper No. 02-4056. St. Joseph, MI. Rhodes, M.B., D.B. Parker, J.M. Sweeten, N.A. Cole, and M.S. Brown. 2002. Beef feedyard effluent application effects on nutrient mass balances for three cropping rotations of sorghum and wheat. ASAE Paper No. 02-4147. ASAE International Meeting/CIGR XVth World Congress, Chicago, IL, July 28-31. 12 pgs. Schmidt, D.R. and J.R. Bicudo. 2002. Using a wind tunnel to determine odor and gas fluxes from manure surfaces. ASAE Annual International Meeting/CIGR XV World Congress, July 28-31, Chicago, IL. ASAE Paper No. 02-4083. St. Joseph, MI. On CD-ROM. Somda, Z.C., J.R. Allison, L.O. Ely, G.L. Newton, G. Vellidis, and M.E. Wetzstein. 2002. Economic analysis of dairy manure utilization for year-round forage production. Proceedings Annual SAEA Conference, Orlando, FL, February 2-6. Sutton, A., T. Applegate, S. Hankins, B. Hill, G. Allee, W. Greene, R. Kohn, D. Meyer, W. Powers, and T. Van Kempen. 2002. Manipulation of animal diets to affect manure production, composition, and odors: State of the science. National Center for Waste Management White Paper. Published by Midwest Plan Service, Ames, IA. Thien, B.F., K. Annamalai and J.M. Sweeten. 2002. Co-firing feedlot and litter biomass:coal blends in a laboratory scale boiler burner. ASME Symposium on Combustion, Energy and Fire. International Mechanical Engineering Congress an Exposition, New Orleans, LA, November 17-22. University of Iowa and Iowa State University. 2002. Iowa concentrated animal feeding operations air quality study. A peer-reviewed report submitted to Director Vonk, Iowa Department of Natural Resource. Developed at the request of Governor Vilsak. Annamalai, K., M. Freeman, J.M. Sweeten, M. Mathur, W.O. ODavid, G. Walbert, and S. Jones. 2003. Co-Firing of coal and cattle feedlot biomass (FB) fuels, Part III: Performance results from 500,000 BTU/Hr DOE-NETL Boil. Arogo, J., P.W. Westerman, A.J. Heber, W.P. Robarge, and J.J. Classen. 2003. Ammonia emissions from animal feeding operations. In: Proceedings of AWRA 2003 Spring Specialty Conference Agricultural Hydrology and Water Quality. May 12-14, 2003, Kansas City, MO. AWRA, Middleburg, VA. Bicudo, J.R., C.J. Clanton, D.R. Schmidt, C.L. Tengman, and L.D. Jacobson. 2003. Odor, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia flux rates from swine manure in Southwest Minnesota. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Gaseous and Odour Emissions from Animal Production Facilities, CIGR, June 1-4, Horsens, Denmark, pp. 417-425. Bicudo, J.R., D.R. Schmidt, S.W. Gay, R.S. Gates, L.D. Jacobson, and S.J. Hoff. 2003. Odor emissions from livestock and poultry production/waste management systems. Proceedings of the 2003 Spring Specialty Conference on Agricultural Hydrology and Water Quality, AWRA, May 12-14, Kansas City, MO (on CD-ROM). Bicudo, J.R., K.A. Janni, L.D. Jacobson, and D.R. Schmidt. 2003. Odor and hydrogen sulfide emission from a dairy manure storage. Proceedings of the 5th International Dairy Housing Conference (K.A. Janni, ed.), January 29-31, Fort Worth, TX, pp. 368-375. Bowers, K.E. and P.W. Westerman. 2003. Phosphorus removal in a novel fluidized bed crystallizer. ASAE Annual International Meeting, July 27-30, 2003, Las Vegas, NV. ASAE Paper No. 03-4123. St. Joseph, MI. Casey, K.D., R.S. Gates, E.F. Wheeler, J.S. Zajaczkowski, P.A. Topper, H. Xin, and Y. Liang. 2003. Ammonia emissions from broiler houses in Kentucky during winter. International Symposium on Gaseous and Odour Emissions from Animal Production Facilities, 1-4 June. Horsens, Jutland, Denmark. Cheng, J., S. Liehr and C. Lyerly. 2003. Swine wastewater treatment in an integrated system of anaerobic digestion and duckweed nutrient removal. ASAE Annual International Meeting, July 27-30, Las Vegas, NV. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI. Christopherson, S., D.R. Schmidt, K.A. Janni, and J. Zhu. 2003. Evaluation and demonstration of treatment options for dairy parlor and milk house wastewater. ASAE Paper No. 03-4121. St. Joseph, MI. Cromwell, G.L. 2003. Update on phytase utilization in swine. Proceedings Roche Pre-Conference Symposium, Eastern Canadian Nutrition Conference, Quebec City. Hoffmann-LaRoche Ltd., Cambridge, Ontario. Pp. 29-45. Fisher, D.S., M.B. Jenkins, R.R. Lowrance, R.K. Hubbard, T.C. Strickland, G. Vellidis, and G.L. Newton. 2003. In vitro disappearances of E.coli and enterococci related to light, predation, and sedimentation. Agronomy Abstracts. (A05-fisher927072-oral) On CD-Rom. Abstract 52: 295. Funk, T.L., M. J. Robert, Y. Zhang, and R.E. Fonner. 2003. Precision nutrient management plan for liquid manure application: expectations and reality. ASAE Paper No. 03-412x., St. Joseph, MI. 17 pgs. Gerrish, J.B., S.H. Davies, S.J. Masten, R.L. Ledebuhr, and R.D. von Bernuth. 2003. Ozonation of swine-waste liquids at full- scale. ASAE Annual International Meeting, Las Vegas, NV. ASAE Paper No. 03-4056. St. Joseph, MI. Harmon, J.D., D.S. Bundy, T.K. Richard, S.J. Hoff, and A. Beatty. 2003. 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Use of floating vegetation to remove nutrients from swine wastewater lagoons. Southern Ag. Workers Meeting, Mobile, AL. Abstract 53, page 26. Hubbard, R.K., G.L. Newton and G. Hill. 2003. Water quality and the grazing animal. J. Ani. Sci. 81(Suppl. 1), J. Dairy Sci. 86(Suppl. 1), Abstract 507, page 128. Hubbard, R.K., J.M. Sheridan and D.D. Bosch. 2003. Total solids and suspended sediment loads in coastal plain stream flow A derived distribution approach to total daily loads. SWCS National Meeting, Spokane, WA. Abstract 54. Hubbard, R., J. Sheridan and D. Bosch. 2003. A derived-distribution approach to estimating daily loads of sediment in coastal plain stream flow. In. K.G. Renard, S.A. McElroy, W.J. Gburek, H.E. Canfield, and R.L. Scott, eds. First Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds, October 27-30. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. Pp. 595-600. Jacobson, L.D., A.J. Heber, Y. Zhang, J. Sweeten, J., Kozie, S.J. Hoff, D.S. Bundy, D.B. 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Published on CD (search at asae.frymulti.com). Liang, Y., H. Xin, A. Tanaka, S.H. Lee, H. Li, E.F. Wheeler, R.S. Gates, J.S. Zajaczkowski, P.A. Topper, and K.D. Casey. 2003. Ammonia emissions from layer houses in Iowa. International Symposium on Gaseous and Odour Emissions from Animal Production Facilities, June 1-4. Horsens, Jutland, Denmark. Limited due to space limitations

Impact Statements

see accomplishments secion and each annual report

Date of Annual Report: 05/24/2007

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 05/01/2007 - 05/03/2007
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2005 - 09/01/2006

Participants

Abawi, Farouq (fabawi@uog9.uog.edu)- University of Guam
Applegate, Todd (applegt@purdue.edu) - Purdue
Auvermann, Brent (b-auvermann@tamu.edu) - Texas Agricultural Experiment Station
Brown, M. T. University of Florida
Classen, John (john_classen@ncsu.edu)- North Carolina State Univ.
Cromwell, Gary L. (gcromwel@uky.edu)- Univ. of Kentucky
Dávila, Rafael (radavila@upr.edu) - University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus
Davis, Jessica (jessica.davis@colostate.edu) - Colorado State University
Funk, Ted (funkt@uiuc.edu) - University of Illinois
González, Carmen (gonzalezc@uprm.edu) - University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez
Heflin, Kevin (kheflin@ag.tamu.edu) - Texas Agricultural Experiment Station
Hegg, Richard (rhegg@csrees.usda.gov) - USDA-CSREES
Hill, David T. (hilldat@auburn.edu) - Auburn University
Hubbard,Robert K. (hubbard@tifton.usda.gov) - USDA-ARS
Jacobson, Larry D. (Jacob007@umn.edu) - University of Minnesota
Keener, Harold M. (keener.3@osu.edu) - Ohio State Univ.
Koelsch, Rick (rkoelsch1@unl.edu) - Univ. of Nebraska
Lacewell, Ronald (r-lacewell@tamu.edu) - Texas A&M University
Liehr, Sarah (Sarah_liehr@ncsu.edu) - North Carolina State Univ.
Marek, Gary (gwmarek@ag.tamu.edu) - Texas Agricultural Experiment Station
Martínez, Gustavo (tavomarti@hotmail.com) - University of Puerto Rico
Mayagüez Campus
McCarthy, Annette (annette.mccarthy@fda.hhs.gov) - Federal Drug Administration
Meyer, Deanne (dmeyer@ucdavis.edu) - University of California
Mukhtar, Saqib (mukhtar@tamu.edu) - Texas Agricultural Experiment Station
Newton, Larry (fig@tifton.uga.edu) - University of Georgia
Overcash, Michael - North Carolina State Univ.
Powers, Wendy (wpowers@msu.edu) - Michigan State University
Rice, Mark (mark_rice@ncsu.edu) - North Carolina State Univ.
Santini, Raúl (santini_naturales@hotmail.com) - PR Dept. Natural Resources & Environment
Sigua, Gilbert C. (gcsigua@ifas.ufl.edu) - USDA-ARS
Soderberg, Carl (mendez.sandra@epa.gov) - EPA
Vanotti, Matías B. (Matias.vanotti@ars.usda.gov)- USDA-ARS
Westerman, Philip (Phil_westernman@ncsu.edu) - North Carolina State Univ.
Yang, Ping-Yi (pingyi@hawaii.edu) - University of Hawaii at Manoa

Brief Summary of Minutes

S-1000 Annual Meeting
Meeting Minutes
Faro Inn
Aguadilla, PR
5/1/07

Secretary: Ted Funk
Extension Specialist, Agricultural Engineering, Dept. of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
email funkt@uiuc.edu

Attendees: see list in Appendix 1

9:00 a.m. Called to order by Chair Todd Applegate
Thanks to Carmen Gonzalez-Toro for her efforts in organizing the meeting place and all local arrangements.

Introductions

Ron Lacewell, Administrative Advisor, Texas A&M University update on staus of project renewal. Six years are up, including the one-year extension, on September 30, 2007. The Chair of the project writing committee, John Classen, submitted his last edits last week; the project is ready for review (final). A committee of regional peer reviewers is needed. (The committee made suggestions and committed to contact those potential reviewers.)

The review goes to the MRC chair, etc. Peer review needs to be done by July 15th. The writing committee responds to suggestions & concerns, with a deadline of 9/30/07.

Presentations: see notes in Appendix 2
" 9:13 Michael Overcash Life Cycle Assessment of the Swine Industry --Principles and Research (MS PowerPoint presentation uploaded to S-1000 web site)

10:00 Welcome to Aguadilla by:
" Mr. Noland Sanchez, Aguadilla Municipal Government Representative
" Dr. John Fernandez Van Cleve, Dean, College of Agriculture Science, UPRM.

Presentations:
" 10:20 Carl Soderberg, Director, Division Environmental Protection Caribbean, USEPA Puerto Rico Ecological Footprint of Puerto Rico

" 1:00 Mark T. Brown, University of Florida -- Embedded Energy as a Sustainability Measure for AFO Systems: Theory and Methods

Brown presentation(s) available at www.emergysystems.org

2;30 Travel to UPR Mayaguez Campus

3:45 p.m. at University -- General Discussion with questions directed to todays invited speakers

5:00 p.m. adjourn for dinner and poster session on campus

May 2, 2007

8:48 a.m. Meeting called to order

Auvermann: request for committee sign-up to discuss project formatting and modeling (see May 1 afternoon discussion). Passed around sign-up sheet.

" Volunteers: Keener, Applegate, Mukhtar, Auvermann, Powers, Meyer, Classen, Funk, Carmen Gonzalez-Toro

Chair Todd Applegate requested a moment of silence in memory of deceased S-1000 member Frank Humenik, NCSU

Ron Lacewell further discussion of new project proposal: he needs to submit the final draft, due from John Classen. Writing team get back to Lacewell. Wants to turn in final draft by end of next week (May 11).

Presentations:
" Carmen Gonzalez-Toro, Environmental Education Specialist, UPRM: Overview of Puerto Rico Ag and Environmental issues.

" 9:18 a.m. Gustavo Martinez, Soil Chemist, UPR Animal Manure Management Research in PR

ANNOUNCEMENTS: Please fill out evaluation form for Carmen.

Presentation:
" 10:45 a.m. Rafael Davila, UPR Agricultural Waste Management in PR

1:00 p.m. meeting of ad hoc modeling group, to set up Kansas City meeting Aug 14-15.

Presentations:

" 1:30 p.m. Brent Auvermann, Texas A & M: Impact of Water Use on Ecological Footprint of Cattle Feedlot

" 1:20 p.m. John Classen, NCSU. Impacts of Federal Energy Policy and Alternatives

May 3, 2007

8:50 a.m. Reconvene

Presentations:

" Richard Hegg, CSREES, Washington Update

" 9:15 Richard Koelsch, University of Nebraska; Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Center

" 9:48 a.m. Mark Rice, NCSU. Environmental Impacts of Small Livestock and Poultry Operations?

" 10:12 a.m. Sarah Liehr, APWMC, NCSU. Response to Livestocks Long Shadow.

" 10:46 a.m. Annette McCarthy, FDA. Program Overview.

10:14 a.m. Auvermann will send URL for example paper on life cycle discussion of corn/ethanol (Patzek, 2007, Natural Resources Research).

10:18 a.m. Applegate convenes business meeting.

Meyer moves that secretary draft letter to Dean of College thanking Carmen for hosting committee meeting and for the location. (Note: completed 5/17/07.)

Election of secretary pending approval of project. Saquib Muktar, Texas A&M, was elected secretary for 2007-2008.

Site selection for 2008 meeting.

Discussion:
" meeting objectives,
" how location affects objectives, timing; Wed-Thurs-Friday noon
" Registration fees appropriate?
" Important to keep in perspective the systems analysis v. individual research on technologies. Dont risk losing diversity of the group because of concentration on systems analysis.
" Summary presentations by objective and tasks to visiting policymakers at the meeting; poster sessions, other methods for less formal group interactions.
" (historical) subgroup discussion meetings with summaries from the subgroups. The negative side of subgroup discussions is that participants cant be everywhere they would like to be.
" When to bring in policymakers? Regularly invite agencies, other stakeholders? Probably not ready to make presentations on Objective 1 by next year, but it would be good to have them present to listen to committee progress.
" Locations suggested -- Nebraska City / Omaha; Hawaii; California; Auburn?

A motion was made to leave to exec committee for deciding location & timing. Motion passed.

Discussion related to S-1000 outreach team leadership in LPE Learning Center initiative.
" Rotating responsibility v. longer-term for continuity.
" S-1000 outputs benefit from exposure through LPE.
" Interaction at meeting with the state and federal partners is good within the annual S-1000 meeting.
" Plan for eXtension content? FAQ section, need for experts for ask the expert content. Responses are tracked, etc. for benefit of contributors in impact statements.

Auvermann moved to authorize immediate past chair and incoming chair to determine how to, and whom, to work with LPE group. Seconded, discussed and passed.

Thanks extended to Todd Applegate for executing chairs duties for the year.

Adjourned at 11:51 a.m. May 3, 2007.

***********************************************************************
Submitted by Ted Funk, 2007 Secretary.

Accomplishments

New management practices for land application of manure were identified and lower-cost nutrient movement prediction tools were developed. Project members investigated new technologies and refined some traditional methods of manure treatment, in order to assist system designers with specifying the tools needed. A comprehensive universal methane productivity equation was developed that will make it easier to design methane production systems for swine, beef, poultry, and dairy farms, in both mesophilic and thermophilic digestion systems. Performance of dairy wastewater lagoon aerators were compared and quantified. An improved multi-stage dairy wastewater digester design was developed. Lower-cost systems and management practices were developed for controlling water runoff from small livestock facilities with outside feedlots. Economic and technical studies of single and multiple farm-scale methane digester implementations were completed. A simplified method for removing ammonia from wastewater prior to discharge was developed. A variety of manure composting management practices was tested to refine the management recommendations for a wide range of compost recipes. A newly isolated treatment bacterium for removing ammonia from livestock wastewater was studied. Project members tested two technologies for removing manure nutrients from dairy lagoon wastewater electrocoagulation and Geotubes. Project members developed and evaluated vegetated or aquaculture-based treatment systems for treating wastewater and/or runoff, including long-term constructed wetlands treatment, overland flow vegetated buffers, and floating vegetated mats. Several new technologies were brought to the point where they can be considered in economic system analyses, including the culture of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, on feces recovered from a swine barn enables using the larvae to stabilize swine manure while producing a value-added product; a continuous thermochemical conversion process for making crude oil product from animal wastes and other agricultural by-products; and characterization and inventory of total cattle biomass (manure and waste feed) production, including physical location of feedstock. The emission plumes from large dairies with feedlots were characterized using novel measurement techniques. Ammonia emissions from land application sites during and after swine lagoon liquid irrigation were measured. A number of odor and gaseous emission experiments, including lagoon covers, manure pit treatments, spraying poultry litter with amendments, and feeding distillers grains (DDGS), were completed. Project members validated and further refined modeling tools for odor dispersion from livestock production facilities. Beef feedlot management practices, including dietary additives, were described that affect airborne emissions and whole-farm nutrient balance. Wet scrubbers were shown effective for absorbing ammonia emissions from exhaust fan airstreams of poultry buildings. Odors and hydrogen sulfide emissions from large dairy manure storage ponds were observed and the atmospheric conditions delineated that cause the most nuisance downwind from the facilities. Swine facilities were monitored to find correlations between indoor air conditions and presence of Salmonella in the barns. A study of swine barns where the exhaust ventilation air was partitioned between sidewall and pit exhaust demonstrated new possible strategies for managing ventilation systems to reduce odor and greenhouse gas emissions while reducing odor nuisance for neighbors. A field experiment demonstrating a package system of treatments showed the economic benefit for swine lagoons of changing from anaerobic to aerobic treatment, by way of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and capturing carbon credits. A novel management approach for feeding protein levels on beef feedlots was assessed and showed the tradeoffs that occur between phosphorus excretion, gaseous emissions such as ammonia, and odor when using oscillating protein diets. A study comparing high-moisture ensiled corn and dry rolled corn showed potential differences in P excretion, odor and gaseous emissions from the feedlot. The effects of feeding low-phytate corn and low-phytate soybean meal, with and without phytase, on phosphorus excretion by pigs and chicks were further developed and results also include the benefits of feeding pigs low levels of the antibiotic Virginiamycin, for improving phosphorus utilization. A broad sampling of beef feedlot manure and wastewater produced a baseline of concentrations of various commonly used antibiotics. Three commonly used dairy manure management strategies were simulated to determine the persistence of several classes of pathogens. Mycobacyterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis, E. Coli 0157:H7, Listeria mollocytogenes, and Salmonella spp. were monitored through a series of laboratory experiments to determine the effects of high temperature composting treatment compared to low temperature solid and liquid storages. Plans for coming year: Many of the research and extension activities that have not been concluded will continue through 2008. Participants in the committee will continue to work on: " environmentally-sustainable systems and methods for land application of manure; " new and improved technologies for treating manure including ways to create value-added co-products, while protecting surface- and groundwater; " methods and technologies for reducing airborne emissions from livestock facilities, manure storages, and land application sites; and " systems, technologies and management practices to reduce animal excretion of environmentally-sensitive nutrient and non-nutrient manure constituents. New efforts by a broad representation of the committee membership will progress toward integrating systems analysis methods, including protocols for life cycle assessment/analysis (LCA) for the technologies and management systems under study. Persons with backgrounds in economics and ecology will be participating more visibly in this new branch of the committees endeavors.

Publications

Refereed Publications Angel, R., W.W. Saylor, A. Mitchell, W. Powers, T.J. Applegate and A.S. Dhandu. 2006. Effect of dietary phosphorus concentration, and inclusion of phytase and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on broiler chicken bone mineralization, litter total and water soluble phosphorus, and processing yields and losses. Poult. Sci. 85(7):1200-1211. Archibeque, S.L., D.N. Miller, H.C. Freetly, and C.L. Ferrell. 2006. Feeding high-moisture corn instead of dry-rolled corn reduces odorous compound production in manure of finishing beef cattle without decreasing performance. J. Anim. Sci. 84:17671777. Arogo, J., P. W. Westerman, A. J. Heber, W. P. Robarge, and John J. Classen. 2006. Ammonia emissions from animal feeding operations. In: Animal Agriculture and the Environment: National Center for Manure and Animal Waste Management White Papers, p. 41-88. Edited by J. M. Rice, D. F. Caldwell, and F. J. Humenik. ASABE, St. Joseph, MI. 776 pages Baek, B.H., R. Todd, N.A. Cole, J.A. Koziel. 2006. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide flux and dry deposition velocity measurements using vertical gradient method at a commercial beef cattle feedlot. International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, 6 (2/3) 189-203. Baek, B.H., J.A. Koziel, and V.P. Aneja. 2006. A preliminary review of gas-to-particle monitoring and modeling efforts in the USA. International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, 6 (2/3) 204-230. Balfagon, A., M.D. Lindemann, K.J. Stalder, J. Burkett, J. Pierce, and G.L. Cromwell. 2006. Evaluation of mineral retention and tissue mineral content in finishing pigs fed inorganic and organic trace minerals. J. Anim. Sci. 84(Suppl. 2)62. Bulliner E.A., J.A. Koziel, L. Cai, D. Wright. 2006. Characterization of livestock odors using steel plates, solid phase microextraction, and multidimensional - gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 56:1391-1403. Burns, R.T., H. Xin, H. Li, S. Hoff, L.B. Moody, R. Gates, D. Overhults, and J. Earnest. 2006. Monitoring System Design for the Southeastern Broiler Gaseous and Particulate Matter Air Emissions Monitoring Project. Proceedings of the Annual Air & Waste Management Association Conference. Cai, L., J.A. Koziel, M.E. ONeal. 2007. Determination of characteristic odorants from Harmonia axyridis beetles using in vivo solid-phase microextraction and multidimensional gas chromatography - mass spectrometry olfactometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1147, 66-78. Cai, L., J.A. Koziel, A.T. Nguyen, Y. Liang, and H. Xin. Evaluation of zeolite for control of odorants emissions from simulated poultry manure storage. 2007. Journal of Environmental Quality, 36(1), 184-193. Cai L., J.A. Koziel, J. Davis, Y.C. Lo and H. Xin. 2006. Characterization of VOCs and odors by in vivo sampling of beef cattle rumen gas using SPME and GC-MS-olfactometry. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 386(6):1791-1802. Cai L., J.A. Koziel. Y.C. Lo, and S.J. Hoff. 2006. Characterization of VOCs and Odorants Associated with Swine Barn Particulate Matter using SPME and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Olfactometry. Journal of Chromatography A, (1-2), 60-72. Chen, Y. and J.J. Cheng. (In press) Effect of potassium inhibition on the thermophilic anaerobic digestion of swine waste. Water Environment Research. Chen, Y. and J.J. Cheng (2006) Application of anaerobic processes. Water Environment Research. 78(10), 1363-1385. Cook, R.N., H. Xin, and D. Nettleton. 2006. Effects of cage stocking density on feeding behaviors of group-housed laying hens. Transactions of the ASAE 49(1): 187-192. Creamer, K.S., C.M. Williams, Y. Chen, J.J. Cheng. (In press) Urine:Feces Ratio in a Thermophilic Anaerobic Digester: Implications for Swine Waste Treatment System Feasibility. Water Environment Research. Custodio, M.G., W.J. Powers, E. Huff-Lonergan, M.A.Faust, and J. Stein. 2006. Growth performance, pork quality, and excretion characteristics of pigs fed Bt corn or non-genetically modified corn. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 86(4):443-455. Davis, J.G., C.C. Truman, S.C. Kim, J.C. Ascough II, and K. Carlson. 2006. Antibiotic transport via runoff and soil loss. J. Environ. Qual. 35:2250-2260. Ekinci, K., H.M.Keener, D. Akbolat. 2006. Effects of feedstock, airflow rate, and recirculation ratio on the performance of composting systems with air recirculation. Bioresource Technology 97(2006 ) 922-932 Gascho, G.J. and R.K. Hubbard. 2006. Long-term impact of broiler litter on chemical properties of a Coastal Plain soil. J. Soil Wat. Conserv. 61(2):65-74. Grewal SK, S Rajeev, S Sreevatsan, FC Michel Jr. 2006. Persistence of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis and other zoonotic pathogens during simulated composting, manure packing, and liquid storage of dairy manure. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72: 565-574. Haan, M.M., J.R. Russell, W.J. Powers, J.L. Kovar, and J.L. Benning. 2006. Grazing management effects on sediment and phosphorus in surface runoff. Rangeland Ecology and Management 59(6):607-615. Harrigan, T.M., D.R. Mutch and S.S. Snapp. 2006. Manure Slurry-Enriched Micro-Site Seeding of Biosuppressive Covers. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 22(6): 827-834. Heber, A.J., T.T. Lim, J.Q. Ni, P.C. Tao, A.M. Schmidt, J.A. Koziel, S.J. Hoff, L.D. Jacobson, Y. Zhang, G.B. Baughman. 2006. Quality assured measurements of animal building emissions: particulate matter concentrations. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 56:1642-1648. Heber, A.J., J.Q. Ni, T.T. Lim, P.C. Tao, A.M. Schmidt, J.A. Koziel, D.B. Beasley, S.J. Hoff, R.E. Nicolai, L.D. Jacobson, Y. Zhang. 2006. Quality assured measurements of animal building emissions: gas concentrations. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 56:1472-1483. Hoff, S.J., D.S. Bundy, M.A. Nelson, B.C. Zelle, L.D. Jacobson, A.J. Heber, J.Q. Ni, Y. Zhang, J.A. Koziel, D.B. Beasley. 2006. Emissions of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and odor before, during and after slurry removal from a deep-pit swine finisher. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 56, 581-590. Jacobson, L.D. Animal Structures: Air Quality. Encyclopedia of Agricultural, Food, and Biological Engineering. Article in Press. EOAF 120007233, Dekker Encyclopedias. Jerez, S.B, Y. Zhang, J. McClure, L. Jacobson, A. Heber, S. Hoff, J. Koziel, and D. Beasley. 2006. Comparison of measured total suspended particulate matter concentration using tapered element oscillating microbalance and a TSP sampler. Journal of Air & Waste Management Association. 56: 261-270. Johnson, G.A., J.G. Davis, Y.L. Qian, and K.C. Doesken. 2006. Topdressing turf with composted manure improves soil quality and protects water quality. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 70:2114-2121. Johnson, G.A., Y.L. Qian, and J.G. Davis. 2006. Effects of compost topdressing on turf quality and growth of Kentucky bluegrass. Online. Applied Turfgrass Science. doi:10.1094/ATS-2006-0113-01-RS. Kalbasi, A., S. Mukhtar, S. E. Hawkins and B. W. Auvermann. 2006. Design, Utilization, Biosecurity, Environmental and Economic Considerations of Carcass Composting. Compost Science and Utilization. Compost Science and Utilization. 14 (2) 90-102. Koziel, J.A., L. Cai, D. Wright, S. Hoff. 2006. Solid phase microextraction as a novel air sampling technology for improved, GC-Olfactometry-based, assessment of livestock odors. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 44(7), 451-457. Li, H., R.T. Burns, H. Xin, L.B. Moody, R. Gates, D. Overhults, and J. Earnest. 2006. Development of a Continuous NH3 Emissions Monitoring System for Commercial Broiler Houses. Proceedings of the Annual Air & Waste Management Association Conference. Liang, Y., H. Xin, H. Li, R.S. Gates, E.F. Wheeler and K.D. Casey. 2006. Effect of measurement interval on estimation of ammonia emission rates for layer houses. Transactions of the ASAE 49(1): 183-186. Lorimor, J., C. Fulhage, R. Zhang, T. Funk, R. Sheffield, D. C. Sheppard, and G. L. Newton. 2006. Manure Management Strategies and Technologies. In: J. M. Rice, D. F. Caldwell, F. J. Humenik, eds. Animal Agriculture and the Environment: National Center for Manure and Animal Waste Management White Papers. Pub. Number 913C0306. ASABE, St. Joseph, MI. p. 409-434. Loughrin, J.H., Szogi, A.A. and Vanotti, M.B. Reduction of malodorous compounds from liquid swine manure by a multi-stage treatment system. Appl. Eng. Agr. 22(6)867-873. 2006. Loughrin, J.H., Szogi, A.A. and Vanotti, M.B. Reduction of malodorous compounds from a treated swine anaerobic lagoon. J. Environ. Qual. 35(1):194-199. 2006. Makris, K.C., J.H. Grove, and C.J. Matocha. 2006. Colloid-mediated vertical phosphorus transport in a waste-amended soil. Geoderma. 136:174-183. Moody, L. B., H. Li, R.T. Burns, H. Xin, and R. Gates. 2006. Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) for Monitoring Gaseous and Particulate Matter Emissions from Southeastern Broiler Houses. Proceedings of the Annual Air & Waste Management Association Conference. Ocfemia, K. S., Zhang, Y., and Funk, T.L. 2006. Hydrothermal processing of swine manure into oil using a continuous reactor system: development and testing. Trans. ASABE. 49(2): 533-541. Oh, H.I., J.H. Lee, B.H. Choi, N.S. Myung, and R.T. Burns. 2006. Recovery of Phosphorous in Animal Wastewater by Struvite Forming. The Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery. v31(1) pages 46-51. Panetta, D.M., W.J. Powers, H. Xin, B.J. Kerr, and K.J. Stalder. 2006. Nitrogen excretion and ammonia emissions from pigs fed reduced crude protein diets or yucca extract. J. Environ. Qual. 35(4):1297-1308. Paul, S., R. Srinivasan, J. Sanabria, P. K. Haan, S. Mukhtar and K. Neimann. (2006). Groupwise Modeling Study of Bacterially Impaired Watersheds in Texas: Clustering Analysis. Journal of the American Water Res. Assoc. 42(4) 1017-1031. Pei, R., S.C. Kim, K.H. Carlson, and A. Pruden. 2006. Effect of river landscape on the sediment concentrations of antibiotics and corresponding antibiotic resistance genes (ARG). Water Res. 40: 2427-2435. Pettey, L.A., G.L. Cromwell, and M.D. Lindemann. 2006. Estimation of endogenous phosphorus loss in growing and finishing pigs fed semi-purified diets. J. Anim. Sci. 84:618-626. Powers, W.J., E.R. Fritz, W. Fehr, and R. Angel. 2006. Evaluation of low-phytate soybeans on performance and excretions from swine. J. Anim. Sci. 84(7):1907-1915. Pruden, A., R. Pei, H. Stoorteboom, and K. Carlson. 2006. Antibiotic resistance genes as emerging contaminants: Studies in northern Colorado. Environ. Sci. & Tech. 40: 7445-7450. Schierer, R.A., J.G. Davis, and J.R. Zumbrunnen. 2006. Predicting phosphorus runoff from calcareous soils. Better Crops with Plant Food. 90(4):3-5. Schoenau, J. and J.G. Davis. 2006. Optimizing soil and plant responses to land-applied manure nutrients in the Great Plains of North America. Can. J. Soil Sci. 86:587-595. Shah, S. B., G. L. Grabow and P. W. Westerman. 2006. Ammonia desorption in five types of flexible tubing materials. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 22(6):919-923. Shah, S. B., P. W. Westerman and J. Arogo. 2006. Measuring ammonia concentrations and emissions from land and liquid surfaces: A review. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 56(7):945-960. Shah, S., P. Westerman and J. Parsons. 2006. Poultry Litter Amendments. NC Extension Bulletin AG-657. North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. 2 pg. http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/programs/extension/publicat/wqwm/poultry/factsheet_agw-657short.pdf Shah, S., P. Westerman and J. Parsons. 2006. Poultry Litter Amendments. NC Extension Bulletin AGW-657. North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. 8 pg. http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/programs/extension/publicat/wqwm/poultry/factsheet_agw-657long.pdf Stefan J Green, Ehud Inbar, Frederick C. Michel Jr., Yitzhak Hadar, and Dror Minz. 2006. Succession of Bacterial Communities during Early Plant Development: Transition from Seed to Root and Effect of Compost Amendment. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72: 3975-3983. Sweeten, J. M., L. D. Jacobson, A. J. Heber, D. R. Schmidt, J. C. Lorimor, P. W. Westerman, J. R. Miner, R. H. Zhang, C. M. Williams, and B. W. Auvermann. 2006. Odor mitigation for concentrated animal feeding operations: white paper and recommendation. In: Animal Agriculture and the Environment: National Center for Manure and Animal Waste Management White Papers, p. 721-758. Edited by J. M. Rice, D. F. Caldwell, and F. J. Humenik. ASABE, St. Joseph, MI. 776 pages Szogi, A.A., Vanotti, M.B. and Hunt, P.G. Dewatering of phosphorus extracted from liquid swine waste. Bioresource Technol. 97(1):183-190. 2006. Szogi, A.A., Vanotti, M.B. and Stansbery, A.A. Reduction of ammonia emissions from treated anaerobic swine lagoons. Trans. ASABE 49(1):217-225. 2006. Ullman, J. L and S. Mukhtar. 2006 (online 19 June 2006, print copy available in 2007). Impact of dairy housing practices on lagoon effluent characteristics: Implications for nitrogen dynamics and salt accumulation. Bioresource Technology. 98 (2007) 745-752. Wheeler, E.F., K.D. Casey, R.S. Gates, H. Xin, J.L. Zajaczkowski, P.A. Topper, Y. Liang, A. J. Pescatore. 2006. Ammonia emissions from twelve U.S.A. broiler chicken houses. Transactions of the ASAE . Wortmann, C. S. and D. T. Walters. 2006. Phosphorus runoff during four years following composted manure application. J. Environ. Qual.. V 35, March-April 2006. 651-657. Yang, S.Y., K. S. Ji, Y.H. Baik, W.S. Kwak, and T.A. McCaskey. 2006. Lactic acid bacteria fermentation of food waste for swine feed. Bioresource Technol. 97:1858-1864. Abstracts Angel R., W. Powers, S. Zamzow, and T. Applegate. 2006. Dietary modifications to reduce nitrogen consumption and excretion in broilers. Poultry Sci. 85:19 (Abstr.). Erickson, G.E., T.J. Klopfenstein, R.K. Koelsch, W.F. Kissinger, and J.H. Harrison. 2006. Ruminant diet composition effects on land area used for manure application. Midwest ASAS/ADSA Abstract #124, page 41. Fortuna, Ann-Marie, C.W. Honeycutt, T.L. Marsh, T. Griffin, R. Larking, Z. He, B. Wienhod, K. Sistani, S. Albrecht, B. Woodbury, H.A. Torbert, J.M. Powell, R. Hubbard, R. Eigenberg, and R. Wright. 2006. Towards national prediction of manure N availabity: soil influence on nitrifier community and nitrification. Agronomy Abstracts. Haan, M., J. Russell, D. Morrical, D. Strohbehn, W. Powers, J. Lawrence, and J. Kovar. 2006. Effects of grazing management on pasture characteristics affecting sediment and nutrient loads in surface waters. J. Anim. Sci. 84:W64. (Abstr.). Haan, M., J. Russell, J. Davis, D. Morrical, D. Strohbehn, and W. Powers. 2006. Effect of grazing management on cattle distribution patterns. J. Anim. Sci. 84:. (Abstr.) Hubbard, R.K., D.D. Bosch, T.C. Strickland, C.C. Truman, and T.L. Potter. 2006. Comparison of conservation and conventional tillage effects on water quality in a coastal plain soil. In: Workshop Entitled Managing Agricultural Landscapes For Environmental Quality Strengthening the Science Base Organized by the Soil and Water Conservation Society. October 11-13, 2006, Kansas City, MO. Abstract #68 p. 103-104. Koelsch, R., W. Powers, and A. Sutton. 2006. Integrating animal feeding strategies into CNMP processes: role of an updated ASAE standard D384.2. J. Anim. Sci 84 (Suppl 2): 122. Powers, W., R. Angel, S. Zamzow, and T. Applegate. 2006. Reducing broiler air emissions through diet. Poultry Sci. 85:135 (Abstr.). Wu, W., W. Powers, R. Angel, C.E.Hale III, and T. Applegate. 2006. Effect of diet on air emissions from laying hens of different ages. International Poultry Scientific Forum. Burkett, J., K. Stalder, W. Powers, J. Pierce, C. Schwab, T. Baas, and B. Schaefer. 2006. The effect of inorganic and organic trace mineral supplementation on fecal excretion and apparent digestibility of grow-finish swine. J. Anim. Sci 84(Suppl 2): 9. Zhu, J, X. Wu, C. Miller, F. Yu, P. Chen, and R. Ruan. 2007. Biohydrogen Production through Fermentation Using Liquid Swine Manure as Substrate. J. Environ. Sci. & Health B42 (4): 1-9. Non-refereed papers and poster presentations Auvermann, B. W, S. Mukhtar and K. Heflin. 2006. Composting Large Animal Carcasses. Texas Cooperative Extension Publication No. E-422. Casey, K., D. Parker, J. Sweeten, S. Mukhtar, and J. Koziel. 2006. Hydrogen Sulfide Emissions from Beef Feedlots & Dairy Corrals in the Southern Great Plains. ASABE International meeting, Portland, OR, July 9-12. ASABE Paper No. 06-4028. Chaoui, H., H.M. Keener and M.R. Ehsani Testing a Model of the Effectiveness of an Electric Field at Repelling Earthworms from an Organic Media. ASAE Paper 067010. Presented at 2006 ASAE Annual International Meeting. 7/9-12. Oregon Convention Center, Portland, Oregon. Goodrich, B., S. Mukhtar, S. Capareda and B. Shaw. 2006. Development of a PM10 Emission Factor for Hybrid Dairies. ASABE International meeting, Portland, OR, July 9-12. ASABE Paper No. 06-4164. Goodrich, B., S. Capareda, and S. Mukhtar. 2006. Analysis of Dairy Biomass Properties for Use in Thermo-Chemical Conversion Technologies. ASABE International meeting, Portland, OR, July 9-12. ASABE Paper No. 06-4184. Goodrich, B., B. Shaw, C. Parnell, S. Capareda and S. Mukhtar. 2006. Evaluation of the Box Model for Emission Factor Development. ASABE International meeting, Portland, OR, July 9-12. ASABE Paper No. 06-4100. Jacobson, L.D., Hetchler, B.P., Johnson, V., Clanton, C.J., and Schmidt, D.R. 2006. Minimizing pit emissions from pig barns to optimize "catch and treat" mitigation technologies like biofilters. ASAE Paper No. 064191, presented at the ASAE International Meeting held in Portland, OR, July 9-12, 2006, St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE Keener, H.M. 2006. Chapter 1. Manure characteristics. In: The Ohio Livestock Manure Management Guide, Bullentin 604. The Ohio State University Extension. Columbus, OH. Keener, H. M., J.J. Hoorman and M.H. Klingman. 2006. Rheology and flowability properties of liquid dairy and swine waste. ASAE Paper No. 064072. Presented at 2006 ASABE Annual International Meeting. 7/9-12. Portland Convention Center, Portland, Oregon. (search at asae.frymulti.com) Keener, H.M., B. Faucette and M.H. Klingman. 2006. Flow-through rates and evaluation of solids separation of compost filter media vs. silt fence in sediment control applications. ASAE Paper Number: 06206. Presented at 2006 ASABE Annual International Meeting. 7/9-12. Portland Convention Center, Portland, Oregon. Published on CD (search at asae.frymulti.com) Kissinger, E., W. F., G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2006. Summary of manure amounts, characteristics, and nitrogen mass balance for open feedlot pens in summer compared to winter. Nebraska Beef Rep. MP 88-A:87-89. Kissinger, W. F., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and R. K. Koelsch. 2006. Managing phosphorus in beef feedlot operations. Nebraska Beef Rep. MP 88-A:94-97. Kissinger, W. F., R. E. Massey, R. K. Koelsch, and G. E. Erickson. 2006. Economics of manure phosphorus distribution from beef feeding operations. Nebraska Beef Rep. MP 88-A:98-102. Lazenby L., S. Mukhtar, C. Gerngross and K. Wagner. 2006. Evaluation of Selected New Technologies for Animal Waste Management. ASABE International meeting, Portland, OR, July 9-12. ASABE Paper No. 06-4176. Mukhtar, S and S. Capareda. 2006. Manure to Energy: Understanding Processes, Principles and Jargon. Texas Cooperative Extension Publication No. E-428. Mukhtar, S and B. W. Auvermann. 2006. Air Quality Standards and Nuisance Issues from Animal Agriculture. Texas Cooperative Extension Publication No. E-401. Mukhtar, S., A. Mutlu, S. Capareda, R. Lacey, B. Shaw and C. Parnell. 2006. Seasonal and Spatial Variations of Ammonia Emissions from an Open-lot Dairy Operation. Workshop on Air Quality: State of the Science, Potomac, Maryland, June 5-8, 2006. Mukhtar S., M. McFarland, C. Wagner and F. Mazac. 2006. Use of Dairy Manure Compost as Erosion Control Material under Vegetated and Non Vegetated Conditions. 2006 CIGR International Conference, Bonn, Germany. September 3-7. Mutlu, A., S. Mukhtar, B. Shaw, S. Capareda, R. Lacey and C. Parnell. 2006. Estimating Seasonal Ammonia Downwind Concentrations from Open-lot Dairy in Central Texas. ASABE International meeting, Portland, OR, July 9-12. ASABE Paper No. 06-4103. Newton, L., C. Sheppard, D.W. Watson, G. Burtle, and R. Dove. 2005. Using the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, as a value-added tool for the management of swine manure. Report on agreements between the NC Attorney General, Smithfield Foods and Premium Standard Farms, and Frontline Farmers. http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/waste_mgt/smithfield_projects/phase2report05/cd,web%20files/A2.pdf Newton, G.L. and R.K. Hubbard. 2006. Using hydroponic forage production to treat biogas digester effluent. Poster presentation at Georgia Soil & Water Conservation Society Annual Meeting, Cohutta, GA. Schulte, D. D., M.R. Modi, R.R. Stowell and D.P. Billesbach, S.J. Hoff and L.D. Jacobson. 2007. Modeling odor dispersion from a swine facility using AERMOD. For presentation at International Symposium on Air Quality and Waste Management for Agriculture in Broomfield, Colorado. Sherwood, D. M., G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2006. Nitrogen mass balance and cattle performance of steers fed clinoptilolite zeolite clay. Nebraska Beef Rep. MP 88-A:90-91. Sherwood, D. M., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, D. D. Schulte, and R. R. Stowell. 2006. Factors affecting nitrogen losses as measured using forced-air wind tunnels and nitrogen mass balance. Nebraska Beef Rep. MP 88-A:92-93. Sun, H., R.H. Zhang, F. Mitloehner and J. McGarvey. 2007. Laboratory study of surface and low level deep aeration to reduce air emissions from dairy manure storage. Paper presented at ASABE 2007 Annual International Meeting. June 19-21, Minneapolis, MN. Ullman, J., S. Mukhtar, and S. Senseman. 2006. Sorption and Degradation of Estrogenic Compounds in Agricultural Soils: Implications on Hormone Mobility Following Land Application of Animal Manure. 2006 CIGR International Conference, Bonn, Germany. September 3-7. Vanotti, M.B., Millner, P.D., Szogi, A.A., Campbell, C.R., Fetterman, L.M. 2006. Aerobic composting of swine manure solids mixed with cotton gin trash. ASAE Paper #057004. 2006. Vanotti, M.B. and Szogi, A.A. Comments on regional greenhouse gas initiative (RGGI) Draft Model Rule http://www.rggi.org/docs/usda_ars_florence_sc.pdf. 2006. (White paper) Wang, X., Zhao, L., Wang, C., Heber, A., Lim, T., Ni, J., and Tao, P. 2006. Statistical modeling of ammonia emissions from poultry layer facilities. ASAE paper 064105. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE. 14 pages. Westerman, P. W., J. Arogo Ogejo, G. L. Grabow and M. E. Adcock. 2006. Swine anaerobic lagoon nutrient concentration variation with season, lagoon level, and rainfall. Presented at 2006 ASABE International Meeting, Portland, OR, 9-12 July 2006. ASAE Paper No. 064146. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI 9 pg. James, R.,.... et al. 2006. The Ohio Livestock Manure Management Guide, Bulletin 604. The Ohio State University Extension. Columbus, OH. Zhao, L., Wang, X., Darr, M. J., and Manuzon, R. 2006. Monitoring of ventilation rates of swine finishing barns using direct and indirect methods. 2006. ASAE paper 064083. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE. 11 pages. Conference Proceedings Angel, R., W. Powers, S. Bastyr, W. Wu, and T. Applegate. 2006. Dietary modifications to reduce air emissions from broiler chickens. Proceedings of the ESA Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science. June 5-8, Potomac, MD. Blunden, J., V. P. Aneja and P. W. Westerman. 2006. Measurement and analysis of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions from an anaerobic swine waste treatment lagoon and confinement building in North Carolina. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science, p. 71-79. June 5-8, 2006, Potomac, MD. E.S. Cho, Piyalerg Kongsil, and P.Y. Yang Development of a land limited dairy wastewater treatment/reuse by integrating biological pretreatment alternative to the existing lagoon/pond system, presented at the 7th IWA Specialist Conference on Waste Stabilization ponds, September 25 27, 2006, Bangkok, Thailand. Heber, A., Ni, J., Hanni, S., Zhao, L., Keener, H. M., and Darr, M. J. 2006. Characterization and Abatement of Air Emissions from Egg Production. In proceeding of Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science. Pp. 678-681. (search at ncsu.edu/airworkshop/Posters-Z.pdf) Jacobson, L.D., Koziel, J.A., Hoff, S. J., Heber, A. J., Parker, D. B.; Odor Emissions and Chemical Analysis of Odorous Compounds from Animal Buildings. Proceedings of the Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science; June 5-8, 2006; pages 4 14. Jacobson, L.D., Heber, A.J., Hoff, S.J., Zhang, Y., Beasley, D.B., Koziel, J.A., Hetchler, B.J.; Aerial Emissions from Confirmed Animal Buildings; Proceedings of the Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science; June 5-8, 2006; pages 775 - 784. Keener, H.M. and L. Zhao. 2006. Predicting NH3 emissions from manure N for livestock facilities and storages. A modified mass balance approach. Pp1287-1293. Proceedings Workshop on air quality: State of the science. 6/5-8. Bolger Conference Center, Potomac, Maryland. (search at ncsu.edu/airworkshop/Posters-Z.pdf) Keener, H.M. and F.C. Michel Jr. 2006. Using a spreadsheet computer model for design and management of compost systems. pp 191-202. Proceedings Orbit 2006 International Conference. 9/13-15. Weimar, Germany. Keener, H.M. and K. Ekinci. 2006. (abstract) Composting process management to minimize cost and odor. Pp37. Conference Program. US Composting Council 14th Annual Conference and Tradeshow, 1/22-25. Albuquerque, NM. Koleva, M., J. Cheng, R. Arsov, and Y. Topalova (2006) Possibilities for Implementation of the CANON Technology for Biological High Strength Nitrogen Removal. Proceedings of the 11th Scientific and Practical Conference "Water Quality Technologies and Management in Bulgaria", 22-23 February 2006, Sofia, Bulgaria, pp141-150. Lu, M., Liang, F., Lamichhane, P., Imerman, E., and Zhao, L. 2006. Compositional identification of odor causing compounds in a dairy farm. In proceeding of Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science. (search at ncsu.edu/airworkshop/Posters-Z.pdf) McCaskey, T.A. 2006. Bacterial pathogen die-off in poultry mortality compost. Proceedings 2006 National Poultry Waste Management Symposium. Oct. 23-25, Springdale, AK. pp. 54-58. McCaskey, T.A. 2006. Evaluation of ten recipes for composting poultry mortalities. Proceedings 2006 National Poultry Waste Management Symposium. Oct. 23-25, Springdale, AK. pp. 69-76. Mullins, G. L., Fontenot, J. P., Alloush, G. A., Johnson, G., Allen, V. G., and Scaglia, G. 2005. Effect of long-term nutrient management strategies for pastures on phosphorus in surface runoff and soil quality. Proc. XX Internatl. Grassl. Congr., Dublin, Ireland. p. 275. Powers, W., S. Bastyr, R. Angel, and T. Applegate, and B. Kerr. 2006. Effects of reduced crude protein diets on gaseous emissions and swine performance. Proceedings of the ESA Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science. June 5-8, Potomac, MD. Sweeten, J. M., Larry D. Jacobson, Albert J. Heber, David R. Schmidt, Jeffery C. Lorimor, Philip W. Westerman, J. Ronald Miner, Ruihong H. Zhang, C. Mike Williams, Brent W. Auvermann. 2006. Odor mitigation for concentrated animal feeding operations: White paper and recommendation. In Animal Agriculture and the Environment: National Center for Manure and Animal Waste Management White Papers. pp. 721-758. J. M. Rice, D. F. Caldwell, F. J. Humenik, eds. 2006. St. Joseph, Michigan: ASABE. Szogi, A.A. and Vanotti, M.B. Reduction of ammonia emissions from swine lagoons using alternative wastewater technologies p. 1155-1160. In: Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science, Ecological Society of America, June 5-8, 2006, Potomac, MD. (Proceedings) Szogi, A.A., Vanotti, M.B., Bauer, P.J., Scheckel, K.G., and Hudnall, W.H. Innovative technology for recycling of manure phosphorus with rapid amorphous phosphate precipitation. p.103-105. In: Petersen, S.O. (ed.) 12th Ramiran International Conference, DIAS Report No. 122, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Denmark. 2006. Vanotti, M.B., Szogi, A.A., and Vives, C.A. Greenhouse gas emission reductions and carbon credits from implementation of aerobic manure treatment systems in swine manure. p. 1178-1185. In Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science, Ecological Society of America, June 5-8, 2006 Potomac, MD. (Proceedings) Vanotti, M.B., Szogi, A.A., Kunz, A., Garcia-Gonzalez, M.C. Development of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) technology using immobilized biomass from swine manure. p. 143-146. In: Petersen, S.O. (ed.) 12th Ramiran International Conference, DIAS Report No. 122, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Denmark. 2006. Westerman, P., J. Classen, M. Williams, and K. Zering. 2006. Overview of evaluations of alternative swine manure treatment systems in North Carolina, USA. In: (Ed. Soren Petersen) Proceedings of the 12th RAMIRAN International Conference, Technology for Recycling of Manure and Organic Residues in a Whole-Farm Perspective, Vol. II, p. 13-15, Aarhus, Denmark, Sept. 11-13. Wu, W., W. Powers, R. Angel, C. E. Hale III, and T. Applegate. 2006. Effect of diet on air emissions from laying hens of different ages. Proceedings of the ESA Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science. June 5-8, Potomac, MD. Zhao, L., Lim, T., Heber, A., Sun, H., Diehl, C., Ni, J., Tao, P., and Hanni, S. 2006. 2006. Particulate matter emissions from an Ohio belt-battery layer barn. In proceeding of Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science. Pp. 1274-1285. (search at ncsu.edu/airworkshop/Posters-Z.pdf) Project reports Casey K. D., José R. Bicudo, David R. Schmidt, Anshu Singh, Susan W. Gay, Richard S. Gates, Larry D. Jacobson, Steven J. Hoff. 2006. Air quality and emissions from livestock and poultry production/waste management systems. In Animal Agriculture and the Environment: National Center for Manure and Animal Waste Management White Papers. pgs. 1-40. J. M. Rice, D. F. Caldwell, F. J. Humenik, eds. 2006. St. Joseph, Michigan: ASABE. Funk, J., and Zhao, L. 2006. Longitudinal evaluation of the effect of ventilation and environmental management of swine barns on Salmonella prevalence in finishing swine. Final report to National Pork Board, 10 pages. Heber, A., Lim, T., Ni, J., Hanni, S., Diehl, C., Wang, C., and Zhao, L. 2006. Effects of Electrostatic Space Charge System on Particulate Matter Emissions from High Rise Layer Barn. Final report to Ohio Fresh Eggs, Croton, Ohio. 20 pages. Heber, A., Lim, T., Ni, J., Hanni, S., Diehl, C., Wang, C., and Zhao, L. 2006. Effects of Aluminum Sulfate and Aluminum Chloride Applications on Ammonia Emissions from High-Rise Layer Barn. Final report to Ohio Fresh Eggs, Croton, Ohio. 18 pages. Jacobson, L.D., S.L. Wood, D.R. Schmidt, A J. Heber, J.R. Bicudo, R.D. Moon. 2006. Site selection of animal operations using air quality criteria. In Animal Agriculture and the Environment: National Center for Manure and Animal Waste Management White Papers. pp. 505-528. J. M. Rice, D. F. Caldwell, F. J. Humenik, eds. 2006. St. Joseph, Michigan: ASABE. Michel Jr., F.C., Harold M. Keener, Jeff LeJeune, Srinand Sreevatsan, H.A.J. Hoitink. 2006. Testing and Demonstration of Full Scale Composting Systems for Sand Bedded Dairy Manure. Final Report. March 31. Ohio Water Development Authority, Columbus, OH. Vellidis, George, Susan R. Crow, Larry Newton, Andrea Milton, Richard Lowrance, Glen Harris, Hal Simpson, Mary Leidner, Robert K. Hubbard. 2006. Animal Production and Water Quality in the Suwannee River Watershed in Georgia (Alapaha, Little and Withlacoochee Rivers) A project of the University of Georgia and USDA-Agricultural Research Service. Final Report. 30 pages. Zhao, L., Brugger, M., Arnol, G., and Imerman, E. 2006. Gaseous emissions from Dairy Manure Storage Ponds and Effective and Economic Air Quality Management. Final report to Ohio Dairy Producer Association, 20 pages. Patents Bowers, Keith E. and Philip W. Westerman. 2006. Apparatus for removing phosphorus from waste lagoon effluent. US Patent Number 6,994,782. Issued Feb. 7, 2006. US Patent and Trademark Office, Alexandria, VA. Bowers, Keith E. and Philip W. Westerman. 2006. Method for removing phosphorus from waste lagoon effluent. US Patent Number 7,005,072. Issued Feb. 28, 2006. US Patent and Trademark Office, Alexandria, VA. Graduate Theses Lao-Ting Lin (2006) Comparison of different technologies for dilute milk parlor wastewater treatment and reuse, Master thesis, Department of biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, 127 pp.

Impact Statements

New management practices were identified and lower-cost tools were developed that make it possible for livestock producers to reduce nutrient runoff to surface water, from composting sites and land application sites for manure.
A management zone approach to variable rate manure application will allow livestock producers to optimize soil quality and crop production while reducing runoff of nutrients to surface water. New GPS-based liquid manure spreading systems will help producers with more precise placement of manure nutrients and variable rate applications. Cover crops reduce soil erosion, build soil quality and protect surface water from nutrient runoff. An improved technique of seeding cover crops, manure slurry-enriched micro-site seeding, is shown to be an efficient and lower cost method of cover crop stand establishment.
A comprehensive universal methane productivity equation was developed that will make it easier to design methane production systems for swine, beef, poultry, and dairy farms, in both mesophilic and thermophilic digestion systems
Performance of dairy wastewater lagoon aerators were compared and quantified, indicating the enhancements needed by the manufacturers to make aerators more economical and effective for reducing hydrogen sulfide and ammonia emissions on dairy farms.
Antibiotic resistance in dairy waste lagoons is of interest from the standpoint of animal and human health; quantification of gene resistance to antibiotics from different classes will provide management and design information for lagoon systems to minimize harmful impacts of antibiotic resistance.
Improved multi-stage dairy wastewater digester design makes it possible to clean up wastewater to the extent that the water can be reused. This is important in locations where land and water resources are limited, i.e. HI. An on-farm system being developed for swine farms would provide similar wastewater cleanup for existing lagoon systems.
Improved lower-cost systems and management practices for water runoff from livestock facilities with outside feedlots enables small farms to reduce environmental impacts to surface water quality.
Economic and technical studies of single and multiple farm-scale methane digester implementations help focus efforts on feasible systems that incorporate biogas cleaning technologies and natural gas pipeline integration.
Other work on swine manure digesters refines management techniques and points to digester systems that are more resource efficient.
A simplified method for removing ammonia from wastewater prior to discharge has been tested and could greatly reduce the cost for ammonia cleanup.
Livestock waste lagoon management has traditionally included retaining a minimum, but substantial, volume of wastewater in the lagoon at all times to provide treatment of manure volatile solids. Testing is being done on a refined management scheme that might allow more pumpdown of liquid as winter nears, thus freeing up more lagoon volume for wastewater storage during the season when liquid cannot be spread on cropland. The risk of surface water impacts would be reduced.
A variety of manure composting management practices were tested to refine the management recommendations; these practices could make composting more affordable, resource efficient, and environmentally acceptable.
A newly isolated treatment bacterium for removing ammonia from livestock wastewater promises to reduce wastewater treatment costs for farms and make advanced systems feasible that can discharge or reuse water. Greenhouse gas emissions are reduced at the same time.
Two technologies for removing manure nutrients from dairy lagoon wastewater electrocoagulation and Geotubes show promise for greatly reducing risk of surface water impacts from land application of liquid manure.
Aquatic and vegetative research is developing technologies, such as long-term constructed wetlands treatment and overland flow vegetated buffers, to utilize animal wastes and municipal sludge in a sustainable manner so that nutrients are constructively used up while surface water quality is protected.
Floating vegetated mats have the potential for treating livestock lagoon wastewater and for removing ammonia and other nutrients from fisheries wastewater.
A landmark study on N mineralization of broiler litter will assist poultry producers with their manure management planning for more efficient, environmentally friendly crop production.
Studies of the fate of antibiotics in beef feedlot manure will be beneficial in devising management practices and plans for minimizing movement of antibiotics and antibiotic resistant genes into the environment.
Experiments using composted manure topdressed on turfgrass identify the best rates of application and the expected benefits.
Culture of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, on feces recovered from a swine barn enables further refinement of the practice of using the larvae to process swine manure while producing a value-added product.
A continuous thermochemical conversion process for making crude oil product from animal wastes and other agricultural by-products is nearing commercialization.
Characterization and inventory for total cattle biomass (manure and waste feed) production, including physical location of feedstock, will assist in plans for using such cattle production byproducts as a source of renewable energy.
The emission plumes from large dairies with feedlots were characterized using novel measurement techniques, thus assisting with plans for reporting and mitigating various emissions that include greenhouse gases and particulates.
The link between animal diet and gaseous emissions from facilities has been further explored, allowing refinement of best management practices for emissions reduction. Other novel operational strategies for reducing gas and odor emissions have been quantified as well, making it easier for livestock producers to meet eventual emissions targets.
The tubing used in sampling of air emissions is very critical in determining emission rates from animal facilities. Results of laboratory tests will enable researchers to pick the best type of tubing for their sampling applications.
Ammonia emissions from land application sites during and after swine lagoon liquid irrigation were measured and give valuable information about planning and reporting ammonia losses.
Odor emission factors of selected animal buildings for the National Air Emissions Monitoring Study (NAEMS), for use in air dispersion and evaluation of control technologies, will be determined.
Modeling tools for odor dispersion from livestock production facilities have been validated and further refined, and those tools can help the livestock industry and community planners anticipate the best sites for locating new and expanded livestock facilities.
treatments, spraying poultry litter with amendments, and feeding distillers grains (DDGS) further build the knowledge base about practices and technologies that can alter or mitigate airborne emissions from livestock facilities. Beef feedlot management practices, including dietary additives, are described that affect airborne emissions and whole-farm nutrient balance; characterization of commercial feedlot manure helps to refine manure management planning through better data. Wet scrubbers were shown effective for absorbing ammonia emissions from exhaust fan airstreams of poultry buildings, and design data are presented for implementation of the technology.
Odors and hydrogen sulfide emissions from large dairy manure storage ponds were observed and the atmospheric conditions delineated that cause the most nuisance downwind from the facilities, thus providing a tool for producers to use in planning their mitigation efforts based on conditions. Swine facilities were monitored to find correlations between indoor air conditions and presence of Salmonella in the barns. Those findings may help producers manage prevalence of Salmonella and reduce the potential for contamination during harvest and processing of finishing animals.
A study of swine barns where the exhaust ventilation air was partitioned between sidewall and pit exhaust demonstrated new possible strategies for managing ventilation systems to reduce odor and greenhouse gas emissions while reducing odor nuisance for neighbors. Furthermore, the results provide better recommendations for where to allocate expensive odor mitigation technologies on exhaust fans.
A field experiment demonstrating a package system of treatments showed the economic benefit for swine lagoons of changing from anaerobic to aerobic treatment, by way of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and capturing carbon credits. The aerobic technology reduced GHG emissions more than 96% and thus gives swine producers an interesting alternative to traditional anaerobic manure treatment.
A novel management approach for feeding protein levels on beef feedlots was assessed and showed the tradeoffs that occur between phosphorus excretion, gaseous emissions such as ammonia, and odor when using oscillating protein diets. A study comparing high-moisture ensiled corn and dryrolled corn showed potential differences in P excretion, odor and gaseous emissions from the feedlot.
The effects of feeding low-phytate corn and low-phytate soybean meal, with and without phytase, on phosphorus excretion by pigs and chicks are continually being refined and results also include the benefits of feeding pigs low levels of the antibiotic Virginiamycin, for improving phosphorus utilization.
Improving dietary phosphorus utilization by non-ruminant animals has the potential for decreasing phosphorus excretion and thus reduce surface water contamination by phosphorus runoff.
During composting of poultry mortality, populations of Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli, and Salmonella spp. are attenuated; but the extents were not well known. Experimental results can help develop carcass composting management guidelines that will best control the various pathogens of interest to regulators.
A broad sampling of beef feedlot manure and wastewater produced a baseline of concentrations of various commonly used antibiotics. These occurrences might be useful in formulating management strategies for reducing the downstream loading of manure utilization systems by antibiotics. A rainfall-simulator study of antibiotic-containing solutions showed runoff mechanisms and attenuations of a number of common antibiotics.
Three commonly used dairy manure management strategies were simulated to determine the persistence of several classes of pathogens. Mycobacyterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis, E. Coli 0157:H7, Listeria mollocytogenes, and Salmonella spp. were monitored through a series of laboratory experiments to determine the effects of high temperature composting treatment compared to low temperature solid and liquid storages. Results can be used to design treatment strategies for manure that will be used in pathogen-sensitive environments such as vegetable production or residential gardening.