Annual/Termination Reports:

[03/29/2005] [05/12/2006] [05/23/2007] [09/22/2008] [03/06/2009]

Report Information

Participants

Members in Attendance:

Steve Slack, Administrative Advisor, Scott Abney (IN), Berlin Nelson (ND), Jim Kurle (MN), Gene Safir (MI), Jim Steadman (NE), Anne Dorrance,Chair (OH), Doug Jardine, Secretary (KS) X.B Yang (IA), Laura Sweets (MO), Erick DeWolf (PA), Tom Chase (SD), Loren Giesler (NE), Steve Muench, United Soybean Board

Guests: Nancy Koval (WI), Eric Stromberg (VA), Keith Smith (North Central Soybean Research Program), Monte Miles, USDA-ARS, Palle Pedersen (IA) Glen Hartman (USDA-IL) Albert Tenuta (Agriculture Canada), Teresa Hughes (WI), Ted Bardinelli (BASF Corp), Char Hollingsworth (MN), Linda Kall (IL)

Members Absent: Dean Melvick (IL), Craig Grau (WI), Terry Anderson (Ontario), Ed Sikora (AL), Ray Schneider (LA), James Grichar (TX), Charlie Rush (TX), David Wright, (North Central Soybean Research Program)

Brief Summary of Minutes

The 20th annual meeting of NCR-137 was held at the Doubletree Paradise Valley Resort in Scottsdale, AZ on March 2 and 3, 2005. The meeting was held in conjunction with the Southern Soybean Disease Workers (SSDW) Meeting and the NC504/NC202 meetings. A joint general session on soybean rust was held on March 2nd. Presentations were made by Ray Schneider, Louisiana State University, Glen Hartman, USDA-University of Illinois, Reid Frederick, USDA-ARS, Monte Miles, USDA-ARS, Greg Shaner, Purdue University, Kelly Whiting, Delta Pine Land Company, Marty Draper, South Dakota State University, X.B. Yang, Iowa State University, Kitty Cardwell, USDA-CSREES, Coanne OHern, USDA-APHIS, Carrie Harmon, University of Florida-SPDN, Anne Dorrance, Ohio State University, Loren Giesler, University of Nebraska and Jim Kurle, University of Minnesota.

A morning session for NCR-137 was convened at 8:30 am on March 3.

Anne Dorrance provided an update on SoyCAP (Soybean Coordinated Agricultural Project). It deals with soybean translational genomics. The project will target the soybean genome for rust resistance genes. Soybean genomics will compete against other genomic projects such as wheat, barley and rice. As an example, rice received block grants in the amount of 20 million dollars last year. There will be a writing workshop for the grant at the end of May. Information on who will be on the writing group should be sent to Anne.

Laura Sweets distributed the soybean disease loss figures for 2004.

The rest of the morning session was taken up by state reports. Detailed state reports were presented by Wisconsin, Nebraska, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Missouri, North Dakota, Iowa, South Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Kansas and Ontario.

Following lunch, Chair Anne Dorrance called the business meeting to order. Berlin Nelson moved to approve the minutes of the 2004 meeting as distributed by e-mail and the motion was seconded by Loren Giesler. The motion was approved by unanimous voice vote.

Participants and guests introduced themselves and gave brief updates as to retirements, position vacancies and recent hires within their departments or units.

Steve Slack, administrator advisor for NCR-137 provided a brief update. The presidential budget was the topic of a Washington, D.C. meeting earlier in the week. The president is proposing to reduce formula funds, water quality, food safety, and other targeted funds from the budget. This would be offset by an increase of $75 million in state experiment station competitive grants. The Board of Agriculture has made reinstatement of the formula funds a top priority. There is hope that most, but probably not all of the funds will be restored. Steve suggested that this may be a trial balloon for future years. For more specific state information, it was suggested to visit the NASULGC (National Association of State University and Land Grant Colleges) website @ http://www.nasulgc.org. The twelve north central states will lose $54 million directly with additional losses from leveraged state funds. Positions affected would include 203 faculty, 263 staff, 175 other, and 574 graduate students. There is a push to refer to these funds as base, as opposed to formula, so that they do not sound like handouts. As an example, the loss of base funds would equal about 25% of the agriculture funding in Ohio.

NCR-137 is current and up to date on reporting. We were reminded that we have 30 days to report the minutes and 60 days for the annual report. It was noted that we need to designate the committee as either a NC-CC (coordinating committee) or NC-ERA (extension research area) category.

Discussion of the 2006 meeting site occurred. Sylvia Cianzio (IA) had previously arranged for us to meet in Puerto Rico in 2006. In light of the introduction of soybean rust into the United States, the consensus opinion of participants is to meet with SSDW again in 2006 instead, maybe in February or early March. Efforts will be made to find a date. The American Phytopathological Society (APS) will be contacted to see if they would be willing to postpone their proposed National Soybean Rust Symposium currently scheduled to be held on November 15-16, 2005 so that it could also be held in conjunction with the NCR-137/SSDW meeting.

The next item of business was the election of the secretary. After some discussion, Erick DeWolf volunteered to be secretary for 2006. He was accepted by a unanimous voice vote. Doug Jardine will advance from secretary to be the chair.

Berlin Nelson moved that NCR-137 be designated as an NC-ERA committee. Erick DeWolf provided the second. There was no discussion. The motion was unanimously approved.

NRC-137 would like to thank members of SSDW for their assistance in making arrangements for the meeting.

Being no more business, Berlin Nelson moved to adjourn the meeting and Loren Giesler seconded it. Following approval the meeting was adjourned at 2:30 pm.

Accomplishments

Soybean Rust<br /> 1. Soybean rust was found in 2 counties in southeast Missouri in late 2004<br /> 2. Minnesota and South Dakota took the lead nationally in developing Section 18 emergency request templates for additional fungicides to be used to manage soybean rust<br /> 3. Ohio State led cooperative efforts to provide preserved rust infected leaf specimens to extension specialists for use at winter seminars and a national extension publication titled, Using Foliar Fungicides to Manage Soybean Rust.<br /> 4. Worked cooperatively with NC504/NCD202 Soybean rust committee to develop a joint annual meeting<br /> <br /> Sudden Death Syndrome<br /> 1. Several states reported high severities in 2004 with a new record report in NE<br /> 2. Regional variety trials were planted and evaluated<br /> 3. Ongoing research in the region includes identifying mycoviruses of Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines that may be associated with pathogenicity and using a green fluorescent protein gene to study the differences between partially resistant and susceptible cultivars<br /> <br /> Sclerotinia White Mold<br /> 1. A multistate North Central Soybean Research Program project continues. A project meeting was held in New Glarus, WI<br /> 2. High levels of white mold were reported in several states<br /> 3. Ongoing research in the region includes studying the role of light in disease development, identifying mechanisms of host resistance for germplasm improvement, and evaluating novel antifungal synthetic peptides.<br /> <br /> Phytophthora Root Rot<br /> 1. Pathotyping of field isolates from across the region is nearly complete<br /> 2. Metalaxyl resistance testing has indicated that most field isolates remain susceptible to the fungicide<br /> <br /> Charcoal Rot<br /> 1. Illinois, Mississippi and Kansas are cooperating on a North Central Soybean Research Program project to improve germplasm resistance to charcoal rot.<br /> 2. New greenhouse screening techniques have been developed at Illinois and field evaluations are being conducted at several locations among the cooperating states.<br /> <br /> Bean Pod Mottle Virus<br /> 1. Nebraska, Ohio and South Dakota have ongoing programs studying this bean beetle vectored virus. Studies center around evaluation of cultivars for resistance and reducing losses through the use of insecticides to manage the vector<br />

Publications

Gao, X., T.A. Jackson, K.N. Lambert, S. Li, G.L. Hartman, and T.L. Niblack. 2004. Detection and quantification of Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines in soybean roots with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Plant Disease 88:1372-1380.<br /> <br /> Hartman, G.L., Y.H. Huang, and S. Li. 2004. Phytotoxicity of Fusarium solani culture filtrates from soybean and other hosts assayed by stem cuttings. Australasian Plant Pathology 33:9-15.<br /> <br /> Hill, C.B., Y. Li, and G.L. Hartman. 2004a. Resistance of Glycine species and various cultivated legumes to the soybean aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae). J. of Econ. Entomol. 97:1071-1077.<br /> <br /> Hill, C.B., Y. Li, and G.L. Hartman. 2004b. Resistance to the soybean aphid in soybean germplasm. Crop Sci. 44:98-106.<br /> <br /> Kull, L.S., W.L. Pedersen, and G.L. Hartman. 2004. Mycelial compatibility and aggressiveness of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Plant Disease 88:325-332.<br /> <br /> Li, S., N.C. Kurtzweil, C.R. Grau, and G.L. Hartman. 2004. Occurrence of stem canker (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis) on soybean in Wisconsin. Plant Disease 88:576.<br /> <br /> Li, Y., C.B. Hill, and G.L. Hartman. 2004. The effect of three resistant soybean genotypes on the fecundity, mortality, and maturation of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines (Homoptera: Aphididae). Journal of Economic Entomology 97:1106-1111.<br /> <br /> Lozovaya, V.V., A.V. Lygin, S. Li, G.L. Hartman, and J.M. Widholm. 2004a. Biochemical response of soybean roots to Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines infection. Crop Sci. 44:819-826.<br /> <br /> Lozovaya, V.V., A.V. Lygin, O.V. Zernova, S. Li, G.L. Hartman, and J.M. Widholm. 2004b. Isoflavonoid accumulation in soybean hairy roots upon treatment with Fusarium solani. Plant Phys. & Bioch. 42:671-679.<br /> <br /> Malvick, D. K. and Grunden, E. 2004. Traits of soybean-infecting Phytophthora populations from Illinois agricultural fields. Plant Dis.88:1139-1145. <br /> <br /> Ortiz-Ribbing, L.M., and Eastburn, D.M. 2004. Soybean root systems and sudden death syndrome severity: Taproot and lateral root infection. Plant Dis. 88: 1011-1016. <br /> <br /> Vuong, T.D., D.D. Hoffman, B.W. Diers, J.F. Miller, J.R. Steadman, and G.L. Hartman. 2004. Evaluation of soybean, dry bean, and sunflower for resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Crop Sci. 44:777-783.<br /> <br /> Jardine, D.J., B. Gordon, K. Janssen and J.H. Long. 2004. Effects of seed treatment fungicides on stand and yield of soybean, 2003. Fun. & Nem. Tests, 59:ST006<br /> <br /> Jardine, D.J. and J.H. Long. 2004. Evaluation of soybean breeding lines for resistance to charcoal rot, 2003. B&C Tests, 19:FC040<br /> <br /> Mueller, D. S., Bradley, C. A., Grau, C. R., Gaska, J. M., Kurle, J.E., and Pedersen, W. L. 2004. Application of thiophanate-methyl at different host growth stages for management of sclerotinia stem rot in soybean. Crop Protection 23:983-988<br /> <br /> Jia, H. and J.E. Kurle.2004. Screening for resistance to Phytophthora sojae in early maturing soybean plant introductions from the USDA soybean germplasm collection. North Central APS meeting. June 2004. St. Paul, MN. <br /> <br /> Chen, S. Y., S. R. Stetina, J.E. Kurle, D. R. Miller, G. A. Nelson, L. D. Klossner, and N.C. Hansen. 2004. Interactions among soybean cyst nematode, root rot, and iron-deficiency chlorosis in Minnesota soybean fields. Abstracts of 16th International Plant Protection Congress (11-16 May 2004, Beijing, China): 410.<br /> <br /> Stack, R.W. and J.E. Kurle. 2004. A new book on field crop diseases as a teaching resource. Phytopathology. 94:S97.<br /> Bradley, K. W., L. E. Sweets, J. Li, and J. D. Wait. 2005. Influence of glyphosate-fungicide combinations on weed control, spray penetration, and yield in glyphosate resistant soybean. Weed Sci. Soc. Amer. Abstr. 45: 6-7.<br /> <br /> Sweets, Laura E., J. Allen Wrather and Simeon Wright. 2004. Soybean Rust. MU Guide G4422, University of Missouri Extension. 6 pages.<br /> <br /> Auclair, J., G.J. Boland, E. Cober, G.I. Graef, J.R. Steadman, J. Zilka, and I. Rajcan. 2004. Development of a new field inoculation technique to assess partial resistance in soybean to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Can. J. Plant Sci. 84:57-64.<br /> <br /> Vuong, T.D., D.D. Hoffman, B.W. Diers, J.F. Miller, J.R. Steadman and G.L. Hartman. 2004. Evaluation of soybean, dry bean and sunflower for resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Crop Science 44:777-783.<br /> <br /> Giesler, L.J. and Weissling, T.J. 2004. Bacterial Diseases of Soybean. G04-1544. Nebraska Cooperative Extension. <br /> <br /> Giesler, L.J. and Weissling, T.J. 2004. Brown Spot of Soybean. G04-1545-A. Nebraska Cooperative Extension.<br /> <br /> Danielson, G. A., Nelson, B. D., and T. C. Helms. 2004. Effect of Sclerotinia Stem Rot on Yield of Soybean Inoculated at Different Growth Stages. Plant Dis. 88:297-300.<br /> <br /> Bradley, C. A., Biller, C. R., and Nelson, B. D. 2004. First report of soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) on soybean in North Dakota. Plant Disease 88:1287.<br /> <br /> Anonymous. 2004. Identifying soybean rust. Ohio State University, University of Nebraska Lincoln, and NC504 Land Grant Universities Cooperating.<br /> <br /> Dorrance, A.E., Jia, H. and Abney, T.S. 2004. Evaluation of soybean differentials for their interaction with Phytophthora sojae. Plant Health Progress. doi:10.1094/PHP-2004-0309-01-RS.<br /> <br /> Dorrance, A.E., Berry, S.A., Bowen, P. and Lipps, P.E. 2004. Characterization of Pythium spp. from three Ohio fields for pathogenicity on corn and soybean and metalaxyl sensitivity. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2004-0202-01-RS.<br /> <br /> Grau, C.R., Dorrance, A.E., Bond, J. and Russin, J.S. 2004. Fungal Diseases. In: Soybeans: Improvement, Production, and Uses, 3rd ed. Agronomy Monograph no. 16. H.R. Boerma and J.E. Specht. Ed. p. 679-763.<br /> <br /> G. Zhao, G.R. Ablett, T.R. Anderson, I. Rajcan, and A.W. Schaafsma. 2005. Anastomosis groups (AGs) of Rhizoctonia solani associated with soybean root and hypocotyl rot in Ontario and resistance of accession PI 442031 to different anastomosis groups. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 27:1-10<br /> <br /> G. Zhao, G.R. Ablett, T.R. Anderson, I. Rajcan, and A.W. Schaafsma. 2005. Inheritance and genetic mapping of resistance to Rhizoctonia root and hypocotyl rot in soybean. Crop Sci. ( accepted)<br /> <br /> Mueller, D.S., Bradley, C.A., Grau, C.R., Gaska, J.M., Kurle, J.E., and Pedersen, W.L. 2004. Application of thiophanate methyl at different host growth stages for management of Sclerotinia stem rot in soybean. Crop Protection 23:983-988 <br /> <br /> T.J. Hughes, B.W. Diers, S.R. Carlson, N.C. Kurtzweil, and C.R. Grau. 2004. Brown stem rot development in soybean cyst nematode resistant soybean germplasm. Plant Dis. 88:761-768.<br /> <br /> Li, S., Kurtzweil, N.C., Grau, C.R., and Hartman, G.L. 2004. Occurrence of soybean stem canker (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis) in Wisconsin. Plant Dis. 88:576.<br />

Impact Statements

1. For the four year period 1999 to 2002, charcoal rot losses in soybeans in the United States averaged 8.9%. Cooperative efforts between plant pathologists in Illinois and Kansas and soybean breeders in Mississippi resulted in the release of a high-yielding, charcoal rot-tolerant, MG IV soybean germplasm line for use by both public and private soybean breeders.
2. Cooperative work with the NCDC 202 Soybean Rust committee resulted in the publication and distribution of 750,000 soybean rust identification cards and 140,000 copies of a new publication, Using foliar fungicides to manage soybean rust, to assist growers, scouts and county agents in the management of soybean rust. Additionally, two hundred plastic mounts containing rust infected soybean leaves were distributed to university plant pathologists for use in educational programs.
3. Phytophthora root rot remains one of the most serious diseases of soybeans in the United States. Resistance testing of Phytophthora sojae field isolates indicated that most remain susceptible to fungicides containing metalaxyl, one of the main management tools for soybean producers in limiting losses to the disease.

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Report Information

Participants

De Wolf, Erick; Penn State University
Dorrance, Anne; Ohio State University
Giesler, Loren; University of Nebraska
Tenuta, Albert; Ontario Min. of Agriculture & Food Canada
Anderson, Terry; Agriculture & Food Canada
Slack, Steven; Ohio State University
Smith, Keith; North Central Soybean Research Program
Grau, Craig; University of Wisconsin
Sweets, Laura; University of Missouri
Sconyers, Layla; University of Georgia-Tifton
Phillips, Dan; University of Georgia-Griffin
Abney, Scott; Purdue University & USDA-ARS
Kurle, Jim; University of Minnesota
Nelson, Berlin; North Dakota State University
Jardine, Doug; Kansas State University

Brief Summary of Minutes

Doug Jardine called the meeting to order and asked participants to introduce themselves. The Director of the Western Tenn Research and Extension Center then welcomed the group to the station. Steven Slack reviewed administrative details including reporting requirments and encouraged members to make sure they contact their experiment station director to document membership and participation in the committee. The group then transitioned to state reports. (See summaries below)

Business Meeting: (March 8)
Doug reviews the duties of chair and secretary for the committee. He notes that Erick De Wolf will finish his term as secretary after this meeting and become the Chair for 2007. He then asked for nominations of volunteers for the secretary in 2007/Chair in 2008. Laura Sweets was nominated and after some discussion agreed to serve.
The committee then approved her nomination and elected her by unanimous vote.

The next meeting is to be held in conjunction with the soybean breeders meeting. This meeting is typically held the 2nd week of Feb. in Saint Louis, MO. Erick will work with them to develop a program.
Suggested topics include: The Diseases breeders are interested in, and opportunity to present cooperative projects from different groups including: Charcoal rot, frog eye leaf spot, Phytophthora, Soybean Rust, Sudden Death Syndrome, Viruses

Report summaries:
Nebraska: In 2005, Nebraska soybean producers harvested 4.7 M acres of soybean with an average yield of 50.5 bu/A (increase of 4.0 bu./A over 2004 and 2004 was increased 6.5 bu./A over 2003). In fields that planting occurred prior to spring rains, we did see some seeding disease activity caused by Pythium spp. and Phytophthora in the eastern third of Nebraska. Our most commons seedling disease problem in the diagnostic clinic this year was Rhizoctoinia. Foliar diseases observed in soybean rust sentinel plots and Nebraska Crop Surveillance Network (NCSN) fields were Bacterial Blight, Bacterial Pustule, and Brown Spot. Very little Downey Mildew was observed in 2005. A sampling project funded by the Nebraska Soybean Board in 2005 resulted in the detection of SCN further west in Nebraska, several with very high SCN populations. In 2005, sudden death syndrome was confirmed in several more fields across the eastern third of the state and all locations were the earliest fields planted in the area. Occurrence of Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) was greater in 2005 than in 2004 and bean leaf beetle populations were higher than the previous year. Current research projects relating to soybean pathology include studies on strobilurin fungicide effects on yield, chemigation as a means of applying fungicides to soybean, influence of variety genetics on Phytophthora management, and yield impact assessment for BPMV.

Wisconsin: Soybean diseases of most economic importance are soybean cyst nematode, brown stem rot, Phytophthora root rot and Sclerotinia stem rot. Soybean cyst nematode has expanded to 41 of 72 counties, which represents 90% of the soybean acreage in Wisconsin. Aphid transmitted viruses remain at low incidence in commercial fields despite soybean aphid activity in past years. Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) was detected in soybean and red clover, but at a low incidence in soybean. Research continued on phenotypic and genotypic characterization of resistance to Phialophora gregata, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Bean pod mottle virus, and Alfalfa mosaic virus. Significantly higher levels of resistance were identified for Phialophora gregata, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Alfalfa mosaic virus. Symptom severity and pathogen reproduction were both employed to characterize interaction phenotypes of soybean lines in greenhouse and field trials. Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis, D. phaseolorum var. caulivora and D. phaseolorum var. sojae were isolated from soybean stems at growth stage R8. Research has focused on etiology and methods to identify each form of D. phaseolorum. Fungicides were evaluated at four locations and yield improvement averaged 1.5 bu/a, with a high of 6.5 bu/a acre at one location. An R2 application of Headline resulted in a 6 bu/a yield improvement for a brown stem rot susceptible soybean variety. Yield was not improved for a brown stem rot resistant soybean cultivar.

Kansas: Soybean production for Kansas in 2005 was 105.5 million bushels, down by 5% from 2004. Estimated losses from disease were 5.75% with seedling diseases, brown spot, anthracnose, brown spot, Phytophthora root rot and SCN being responsible for the bulk of the losses. Fungicide spray trials were conducted at three locations, with the end result being that, in the absence of soybean rust, economic loss would have occurred at two of three locations. While soybean cyst nematode continues to spread across the state, yield losses have not noticeably increased due to improved yield potential of resistant varieties in the Group 3 varieties and more varieties available with stacked traits that include SCN resistance. Kansas continues to publish female indices values for all varieties in the Kansas Soybean Performance Test. The incidence of virus infected soybeans was up for the second consecutive year. Tobacco ringspot and bean pod mottle virus were most often identified.

Ohio: A cold, wet spring led to some stand establishment issues in Northwest and south central Ohio with snow covering many fields during the last two weeks of April. SCN could be found in many areas of the state, the size of the high infestations (stunting) continues to grow. Some recent counts from the diagnostic clinic have reached 50,000 to 90,000 per cup of soil. Sclerotinia was spotty at best. Few reports of SDS and brown stem rot. Research Projects and Progress discussed included: Mapping Rps8 resistance to Phytophthora sojae;
Characterizing the resistance to P. sojae in PIs from South Korea; Components of partial resistance in roots of soybean; Cytological comparison of partial resistance, Rps2, root resistance and R-gene response to Phytophthora sojae; Characterizing seedling pathogens from problem fields in Ohio; and Evaluation of Quadris/Warrior applications for yield benefits.

Pennsylvania: Growing conditions in PA where near slightly below normal during the 2005 growing season. Dry weather prevailed during the early part of the growing season, and some producers struggled with delayed germination and seedling emergence. Sporadic rains in May and early June keep the crop growing but canopy closure was delayed in some areas of the state. Foliar diseases remained at low levels in most fields with Septoria brown spot being the most commonly reported disease. As summer progressed frog-eye leaf spot and downy mildew were commonly reported. Based on a samples received by either Dr. De Wolf or the Plant Disease Diagnostic Lab, frog eye leaf spot may have been damaging levels in a small number of fields. Dry conditions appeared to hasten the maturation of the soybean crop in most areas of the state, and yields were near the state average. Soybean disease research at Penn State University focused on white mold (Sclerotinia stem rot), Soybean rust and fungicide evaluation during the 2005 growing season.

Ontario: Soybean growers faced numerous production challenges in 2005 including soybean cyst nematode, aphids, spider mites, phomopsis, bean leaf beetles, and adverse weather. Geography played a large part in how much this impacted individual producers. A lack of moisture was a problem for many areas while some parts of eastern Ontario suffered from excess rainfall. Despite these difficulties, yields were generally at or above average. The range reported was from a low of 25 to a high of 75 bu/ac. The provincial was approximately 41 bu/ac. Over 2.35 million acres of soybeans were planted in 2005, making soybeans the largest row crop in Ontario. A dry spring across much of the province allowed most soybeans to be planted under good conditions and during the ideal planting window. Many producers were able to complete soybean seeding by May 25th. In some counties, fields were so dry that soybean emergence was poor resulting in some replanting being required.
Research topics included: evaluation of control strategies for Phytophthora root rot.

Indiana: Disease losses caused by Phytophthora root rot, sudden death syndrome (SDS), brown stem rot, and soybean cyst nematode (SCN) continued to be important in Indiana in 2005. New awareness of Rps8 virulence by isolates of several P. sojae races suggest it is important to continue evaluating P. sojae inoculum potential in soybean fields to determine just how to develop future control strategies. Dr. Dorrance and several of the NC plant pathologists are currently working on this problem as a NCSRP activity. I am presenting information about my Rps8 data during one of the SSDW sessions. Awareness of Frogeye leaf spot caused by Cercospora sojina was definitely increased. Scouting due to the ASBR potential enhanced some of the FE awareness; FE frequency and severity were such that it emphasizes the need for breeders to give more attention to including the Rcs3 resistant gene in new cultivars. Soybeans with the Rcs3 gene that were inoculated in 2004 and 2005 tests were resistant to all isolates of C. sojina that Abney has collected from central and southern IN during the past three years. Several IN soybean producers were insistent that FE caused excessive yield losses; however Greg Shaner and I were not able to document the nature of infection and/or defoliation at any of the field locations in question.

Minnesota: soybean growers harvested 299 million bushels of soybeans from 6.8 million acres in 2005. Average yields were 44.5 bushels per acre, which was a record. This is in contrast to 233 million bushels of soybeans harvested from 7.05 million acres in 2004. Most planting was delayed by extremely wet and cold conditions statewide during May. However, temperature and moisture conditions during June, July, and August were optimal for crop growth and yield. Because of the coincidence of ideal growing conditions with planting seedling roots were only a minor problem. The principle cause of seedling diseases was Fusarium spp. Only two reports of stand loss to Phytophthora sojae were received in the Plant Disease Clinic. Race 25 was isolated from samples collected in the affected fields. A network of sampling sites was established to detect spores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Beginning in late July and into August P. pachyrhizi spores were detected on 10 weekly sample dates in rainfall collectors located in these sites. Research topics included: SBR Sentinel Plots; Modeling and Trajectory Analysis for SBR; SBR Forecaster; Pathotypes of Phytophthora sojae present in fields showing symptoms of Phytophthora root rots; Foliar Fungicide Applications; and Breeding Efforts.

Missouri: The 2005 season was an interesting one for soybean production in Missouri. Just under five million acres of soybean were harvested with an average yield of 37 bushels per acre. This is eight bushels down from the record 2004 yield of 46 bushels per acre. Weather conditions were a major contributing factor during the 2005 season. Most of the state had extremely dry conditions for June, July and the first week of August. The remainder of August was unusually wet. September to date have again been on the dry side. Temperatures were normal to slightly below normal for most of the season. Drought took its toll on yields in some areas of the state and in some early planted fields. The August rains were crucial saving the crop for much of the state.

North Dakota: The soybean acreage in North Dakota is now around 4 million acres and is expected to increase with soybean production moving north and west. The soybean disease research projects in 2005 were: 1) identification of virulence phenotypes of Phytophthora sojae and characterization of sensitivity to metalaxyl, 2) biology of Fusarium root rot, 3) identification of sources of partial resistance to P. sojae in northern germplasm, 4) biology of SCN in North Dakota, 5) incorporation of resistance to P. sojae and soybean cyst nematode (SCN) into public soybean cultivars (cooperative study with breeder), 6) evaluate efficacy of seed treatment and foliar fungicides on soybean, and 7) monitor for Asian soybean rust using a sentinel plot network. Research topics included: Phytophthora root rot; Biology of Fusarium root rot; Soybean Cyst Nematode; Fungicide Efficacy Trials and Asian Soybean Rust Monitoring.

Accomplishments

Identification of new soybean diseases and distribution changes for disease causing species and biotypes helps soybean producers effectively manage disease problems and assists companies in positioning soybean varieties in local markets. <br /> <br /> Research evaluating the affects of currently marketed fungicides for foliar and seed protection provides the data necessary to assist soybean producers in making treatment decisions.<br /> <br /> The combined efforts of researchers involved in this committee result in the soybean disease management recommendations developed by all states. The coordination of efforts and reports with the committee greatly assist in development of a uniform recommendation for management.<br />

Publications

Bolton, M. D., Nelson, B. D., Sparks, R. B., and Santoso, A. 2005. Methods for Extraction and Amplification of DNA from Soybean Seed. Seed Technology 27:89-94. <br /> <br /> Bradley, C. A., Hartman, G. L., Mueller, D. S., Hoffman, D. D., Nickell, C. D., and Pedersen, W. L. 2005. Genetic analysis of partial resistance to Rhizoctonia solani in the soybean cultivar Savoy. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 27:137-142.<br /> <br /> Bradley, C. A., Chesrown, C. D., and Helms, T. C. 2005. Evaluation of seed treatments for effect on stand, root disease, and yield of soybean in North Dakota, 2004. F&N Tests 60:ST018. <br /> <br /> Bradley, K. W., L. E. Sweets, J. Li, and J. D. Wait. 2005. Influence of glyphosate-fungicide combinations on weed control, spray penetration, and yield in glyphosate resistant soybean. Weed Sci. Soc. Amer. Abstr. 45: 6-7.<br /> <br /> da Rocha, M. R., AndersonT. R., and T. Welacky. 2005. Effect of harvest timing on Heterodera glycines race and HG type characterization. Nematologia Brasileira. 28: 167-171<br /> <br /> De Silva, A, Bolton, M., and Nelson, B. 1995. Transformation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with the green fluorescent protein gene and expression of fluorescence in host tissues. Phytopathology 95: S23<br /> <br /> Dorrance, A.E., Draper, M.A. and Hershman, D.E. (Editors) 2005. Using Foliar Fungicides to Manage Soybean Rust. OSU Extension Bulletin SR-2005. 51pp. <br /> Chaudhary, S., Anderson, T. R., Park, S.J. and K. Yu. 2006. Comparison of screening methods for resistance to Fusarium root rot in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Plant Pathology: (in press)<br /> <br /> Chen, S.Y., Kurle, J.E., Stetina, S., Miller, D., Nelson, G., Klossner, L.D., Hansen, N. Interactions Among Iron deficiency Chlorosis, Soybean Cyst Nematode, and Root Rot in Minnesota Soybean Fields. (Submitted to Agronomy Journal).<br /> <br /> Giesler, L.J. and Ziems, A.D. 2006. Incidence of Alfalfa mosaic virus, Bean pod mottle virus and Soybean mosaic virus in Nebraska soybean fields. Plant Health Progress doi 10.xxx . (In Press) <br /> <br /> Giesler, L.J., Wilson, J.A. and Rees, J.M. 2005. Soybean Rust Fungicide Use Guidelines for Nebraska. NF05-652. University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension.<br /> <br /> Giesler, L.J. and Weissling, T.J. 2005. Fungicides to Manage Soybean Rust: What are the Product Differences? NF05-634. University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension.<br /> <br /> Giesler, L.J. 2005. Soybean Rust: How Great is the Threat for Nebraska? NF05-633. University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension.<br /> <br /> Giesler, L.J. and A.D. Ziems. 2005. Effect of seed treatment fungicides on soybean stand, vigor and yield, 2004. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 60:ST017.<br /> <br /> Giesler, L.J., Watson, S.R.and Weissling, T.J. 2005. Effects of foliar fungicide and Insecticide combinations on soybean aphid, brown spot and plant development, 2004. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 60:FC140.<br /> <br /> Gordon, S.G., St.Martin, S.K., and Dorrance, A.E. 2006. Rps8 Maps to a resistance gene rich region on soybean molecular linkage group F. Crop Sci. 46:168-173.<br /> <br /> Graham, MY. 2005. The diphenylether herbicide lactofen induces cell death and expression of defense-related genes in soybean. Plant Physiology 139:1784-94<br /> <br /> Helms, T.C., B.D. Nelson and R.J. Goos. 2005. Registration of LaMoure Soybean. Crop Sci. 45:410 <br /> Sweets, Laura E., J. Allen Wrather and Simeon Wright. 2004. Soybean Rust. MU Guide G4422, University of Missouri Extension. 6 pages.<br /> <br /> Jardine, D. J., B. Gordon, L. Maddux, J.H. Long. 2005. Effects of seed treatment fungicides on stand and yield of soybean, 2004. F&N Tests 60:ST005.<br /> <br /> Khan, F. U., Nelson, B. D., and T. C. Helms. 2005. Greenhouse evaluation of binucleate Rhizoctonia for control of R. solani on soybean. Plant Dis. 89:373-379. <br /> <br /> Koch, K., D. Ragsdale, B. Potter, and J. Kurle. Suppression of Entomopathogens of Soybean Aphid by Foliar Fungicides. National Soybean Rust Symposium. Sponsored by the American Phytopathological Society. Nashville, TN. 14-16 Nov. 2005. (http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/infocenter/topic/soybeanrust/symposium/posters/44.asp)<br /> <br /> Kurle, J. , V. Bowersox, R. Claybrooke, S.V. Krupa, C. Barnes, and L. Szabo. 2005: Introduction and spread of soybean rust spores in the North Central United States. National Soybean Rust Symposium. Sponsored by the American Phytopathological Society. Nashville, TN. 14-16 Nov. 2005. (http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/infocenter/topic/soybeanrust/symposium/posters/19.asp)<br /> <br /> Lee-Burrows, M.E., Boerboom, C.M., Gaska, J.M., and Grau, C.R. 2005. The relationship between Aphis glycines and Soybean mosaic virus incidence in different pest management systems. Plant Dis. 89:926-934.<br /> <br /> McSpadden Gardener, B., Gutierrez, L., Joshi, R., Edema, R., and Lutton, E. 2005. Distribution and biocontrol potential of phlD+ pseudomonads in corn and soybean fields. Phytopathology 95:715-724. <br /> <br /> McSpadden Gardener, B., C. Kroon van Diest, and J. Beuerlein 2006. Evaluation of biological seed treatments containing phlD+ strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens on soybeans grown in Ohio, 2005.<br /> <br /> Meng, X., C.R. Grau, and W. Chen. 2005. Two sympatric and genetically distinct populations of the fungal pathogen Phialophora gregagta f.sp. sojae show differential cultivar preference. Plant<br /> Pathology 54:180-188.<br /> <br /> Mueller, T. A., Bradley, C. A., Chesrown, C. D., Walker, E. R., Koger, C. H., Morel, W., Miles, M. R., and Hartman, G. L. 2005. Response of soybean to timing of fungicide applications in the presence and absence of Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Proceedings of the National Soybean Rust Symposium, Nashville, TN. Online at: http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/infocenter/topic/soybeanrust/symposium/<br /> <br /> Nelson, B., and Mallik, I. 2005. Pathotypes and metalaxyl sensitivity of Phytophthora sojae from North Dakota soybean fields. Phytopathology 95: S74.<br /> <br /> Nelson, B. D., and Danielson, G. 2005. Soybean virus survey in North Dakota. Phytopathology 95: S164-165.<br /> <br /> Nelson, B. 2005. Characterization of infection of two soybean genotypes by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Phytopathology 95: S164.<br /> <br /> Patzoldt, M.E., Grau, C.R., Stephens, P.A., Kurtzweil, N.C., Carlson, S.R., and Diers, D.W. 2005. Localization of a quantitative trait locus providing brown stem rot resistance in the soybean cultivar<br /> Bell. Crop Sci. 45:1241-1248. <br /> <br /> Rabedeaux, P.F., J.M. Gaska, N.C. Kurtzweil, and C.R. Grau. 2005. Seasonal progression and agronomic impact of Tobacco streak virus on soybean in Wisconsin. Plant Dis. 89:391-396.<br /> <br /> Subramanian, S., M. Y. Graham, O. Yu, and T.L. Graham 2005. RNA Interference of Soybean Isoflavone Synthase Genes Leads to Silencing in Tissues Distal to the Transformation Site and to Enhanced Susceptibility to Phytophthora sojae. Plant Physiol. 137: 1345-1353<br /> <br /> Vega-Sánchez, M.E., Redinbaugh, M.G., Costanzo, S., and Dorrance, A.E. 2005. Spatial and temporal expression analysis of defense-related genes in soybean cultivars with different levels of partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae. Physiol. and Molec. Plant Pathology 66:175-182.<br /> <br /> Werk, W. 2005. Partial resistance to Phytophthora root rot in soybean and association with tolerance to saturated soil conditions. Masters Thesis, Plant Science Dept. North Dakota State University. Fargo, ND<br /> <br /> Zhao, G. G. R. Ablett, T. R. Anderson, I. Rajcan, and A.W. Schaafsma. 2005. Anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia solani associated with soybean root and hypocotyl rot in Ontario and resistance of accession PI 442031 to different anastomosis groups. Can J. Plant Path. 27:1-10.<br /> <br /> Zhao, G., Ablett, G. R., Anderson,T. R., Rajcan, I. and A. W. Schaafsma. 2005. Inheritance and genetic mapping of resistance to rhizoctonia root and hypocotyl rot in soybean. Crop Sci. 45:1441-1447.<br /> <br /> Ziems, A.D. and Giesler, L.J. 2006. First report of Sudden Death Syndrome (Fusarium solani f.sp. glycines) of Soybean in Nebraska. Plant Dis. 90:109.<br /> <br />

Impact Statements

1. Identified that the P. sojae population is still sensitive to metalaxyl, the primary seed treatment fungicide for this pathogen
2. Demonstrated that PI399073 would be effective against almost all P. sojae populations in the north central region
3. Identified additional sources of resistance to P. sojae in early MGs
4. Completed the characterization of the P. sojae population in 9 states of the north central region.
5. Demonstrated that Fusarium solani is involved in the seedling disease complex and causes pre-emergence damping-off of soybean.
6. Demonstrated a major increase in virulence diversity of Phytophthora sojae in ND.
7. Evaluation of commercial seed treatments indicate an economic value to their use on early planted and no-till soybeans in Kansas with a 3-year average yield increase of 2.6 bushels per acre.
8. As a result of soybean rust sentinel plot scouting efforts, no fungicide application recommendations were made in Kansas. Based on data from Kansas fungicide trials, Kansas producers saved $3.33 for every acre NOT sprayed with a fungicide in 2005.

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Report Information

Participants

Members in Attendance: Steve Slack, Administrative Advisor, Doug Jardine, Acting Chair (KS), Craig Grau (WI), Anne Dorrance (OH), Jim Kurle (MN), Berlin Nelson (ND), Jim Steadman (NE), Loren Giesler (NE), Dean Malvik (MN), Jim English (MO), Crosby Devitt (Ontario, Canada), Albert Tenuta (Agriculture Canada), Terry Anderson (Agriculture Canada), Marty Draper (CSREES), Carl Bradley (IL), X.B. Yang (IA), Leonor Leandro (IA), Keith Smith (NCSRP), Silvia Cianzio (IA), Tom Chase (SD), Scott Abney (IN), Les Domier (IL/USDA) and Laura Sweets (MO).

Members Absent: Ed Sikora (AL), Ray Schneider (LA), Gene Safir (MI), David Wright (NCSRP), Steve Muench (USB), Erick DeWolf (PA), James Grichar (TX), and Charlie Rush (TX).

Brief Summary of Minutes

The annual meeting of NCERA137 Soybean Diseases was held at the Sheraton-West Port Inn in St. Louis, MO on February 18 and 19, 2007 in conjunction with the Southern Soybean Disease Workers and the Soybean Breeders/Pathologist Workshop. A joint general session between NCERA137 and the Southern Soybean Disease Workers was held from 1:00 pm to 5:20 pm on Sunday, February 18. After a welcome and introductions, presentations were made by R.W. Schneider, J. Mo, A. Wrather, D.A. Smith and S. Isard. Paper presentations were followed by a joint social and dinner.

The separate NCERA137 meeting was convened at 8:00 am on February 19. Chair Erick DeWolf, formerly of Pennsylvania State University and now of Kansas State University, was unable to attend the meeting so Past Chair Doug Jardine agreed to chair the 2007 meeting. The proposed agenda for the meeting included introductions followed by the business meeting and state reports concluding with discussion on the Soybean Pathology White Paper.

Steve Slack, Administrative Advisor, provided a brief update. NCERA137 is good through September 20, 2009. The committee will need to start a rewrite next year and the rewrite needs to be completed by December 2008. The past year has been a busy year at the administrative (federal level) for a number of reasons and some of the actions taken this past year may have long term implications for both agriculture and universities. The redo of the Farm Bill may or may not get done this year. The time line right now is to complete the revisions this summer. The potential exists for a number of changes in the new Farm Bill including a bigger portion for biofuels and a continued emphasis on conservation; however, crop subsidies are under scrutiny. There is also discussion on the structure of how research, education and extension are handled and will be handled in the future. Changes may be coming out of the Executive Branch for Agricultural Experiment Stations and Hatch/McIntyre Stennis or REES agencies related to funding. Create 21 could put intramural and extramural components under one structure with single leadership or chief scientist. Impact would vary from state to state because all state Experiment Stations operate differently. How this will settle out is unknown- there is support for no change, support for changing the structure has strengthened and there is always room for unanticipated changes. Agricultural Experiment Station budgets may not change but if there is a major change in form then budget changes may follow.

Tom Chase nominated Craig Grau for the position of secretary/chair elect. X.B. Yang seconded the nomination and Craig Grau was unanimously elected to serve as secretary in 2008 and chair in 2009.

Discussion followed on meeting location, time and format for 2008. After suggestions ranging from another joint meeting with the Southern Soybean Disease Workers to meeting with the southern division of APS to meeting just as NCERA137, the majority of members favored meeting as a separate NCERA137 committee directly after the 2008 Soybean Breeders Meeting in St. Louis, MO (mid February). The meeting would focus on soybean research and problems in the North Central states and include ample time for discussion on results, techniques, etc.

At this point the official business meeting was concluded and state reports initiated. State reports were presented by committee members from North Dakota, South Dakota, Kansas, Nebraska, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio and Ontario. Also, Arv Grybaukas presented a summary of soybean fungicide data that was submitted to him from trials throughout the US during the 2006 season.

As a final topic of discussion Craig Grau presented the Soybean Pathology White Paper. Craig Grau and Anne Dorrance led discussion on the purpose of the white paper, suggestions for final changes in the white paper and ways to use the white paper to increase awareness of the importance of soybean diseases and the need for continued or additional financial support for soybean disease research.

NCERA137 would like to thank members of the Southern Soybean Disease Workers for their assistance in making arrangements for this meeting.

Accomplishments

Phytophthora Root Rot: Phytophthora root rot remains one of the most serious diseases of soybeans in the United States. The North Central Soybean Research Programs grant Limiting Losses to Phytophthora sojae in the North Central Region, a multi-state research and education effort lead by Dr. Anne Dorrance of The Ohio State University, is in its final year. The group is planning a June meeting to compile the various components of the project and prepare publications on several aspects of the research. Since the correct mapping of the Rps8 gene for Phytophthora resistance, The Ohio State group has characterized and identified the loci associated with resistance to Phytophthora sojae in plant introductions. A new method of quantifying partial resistance in soybean to Phytophthora root rot using WinRhizo root analysis software and hardware was developed at North Dakota State University. Measuring root length of three week old seedlings can quantify and differentiate between high and low partial resistance. Nebraska continues to find more fields with biotypes of Phytophthora that are aggressive against most marketed resistance genes. <br /> <br /> Soybean Cyst Nematode: SCN continues to be a major production problem for growers throughout much of the United States. Projects focusing on SCN work including identifying sources of resistance, incorporating resistance into soybean cultivars and germplasm, evaluating effects of crop rotation and crops on SCN, determining losses due to SCN and identifying prevalent HG types are components of soybean research programs in many states. <br /> <br /> Soybean Rust: Soybean rust was found late in the season in more northern states including Tennessee, Kentucky, Missouri, Illinois and Indiana. There is a real need to maintain grower awareness of this disease and to be prepared to manage the disease if it should occur earlier in the season in north central states. Minnesota and South Dakota have continued to submit Section 18 requests for additional fungicides for soybean rust with other states using their submission as a template. Anne Dorrance, The Ohio State University, is leading the effort to revise the national extension publication, Using Foliar Fungicides to Manage Soybean Rust. The pocket guide is also being revised. Most states are involved in the USDA/CSREES/RMA/NCSRP soybean rust sentinel plot program. Sentinel plots in all soybean producing states were monitored throughout the growing season and results posted on the national web site www.sbrusa.net . Many committee members conducted soybean rust fungicide trials and fungicide application technology trials. <br /> <br /> Sudden Death Syndrome: Although SDS was not as widespread nor damaging as it is in some years, it was a problem in certain areas during the 2006 season. SDS was confirmed in Nebraska for the first time at locations in eastern Nebraska. A Minnesota survey confirmed SDS in 19 counties. Wisconsin confirmed SDS in nine counties in 2006. <br /> <br /> Charcoal Rot: For many of the states west of the Mississippi River the 2006 season was unusually hot and dry. Charcoal rot was a serious problem in Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska and was reported in South Dakota as well. Trials rating breeding lines for resistance to charcoal rot were conducted in a number of states. <br /> <br /> Foliage Diseases: Incidence and severity of foliage diseases such as Septoria brown spot, frogeye leaf spot, downy mildew, bacterial blight and bacterial blight varied depending on weather conditions in a given region. Ohio reported widespread and damaging levels of frogeye leaf spot. The disease was particularly severe on 3 or 4 branded cultivars that wee widely planted on approximately 500,000 acres. Yield losses ranged from 10 to 35%.<br /> <br /> Soybean Viruses: Soybean viruses continue to be of concern in states throughout the North Central Region. Surveys for incidence and severity of soybean viruses were conducted in some states. <br /> <br /> Sclerotinia White Mold: In states in which Sclerotinia white mold is a problem work continues on increasing the level of resistance to the pathogen in soybean, in determining if a novel antifungal synthetic peptide expressed in soybean will confer resistance to the pathogen and on other means of managing this disease. <br />

Publications

Impullitti, A.E., and C.R. Grau. 2006. Population dynamics of Phialophora gregata in stem residue of a resistant and a susceptible soybean cultivar. Plant Dis. 90:759-764.<br /> <br /> Hobbs, H.A., Hill, C.B., Grau, C.R., Koval, N.C., Wang, Y., Pedersen, W.L., Domier, L.L., and Hartman, G.L. 2006. Green stem disorder of soybean. Plant Dis. 90:513-518<br /> <br /> Diers, B.W., Kopisch-Obuch, F.J., Hoffman, G.L., Hartman, W.L., Pedersen, W.L., Grau, C.R., and Wang, D. 2006. Registration of AxN-1-55 soybean germplasm with partial resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot. Crop Sci. 46:1403.<br /> <br /> Donald, P.A., Pierson, P.E., S. K. St. Martin, P. R. Sellers, G.R. Noel, A. E. MacGuidwin, J. Faghihi, V.R. Ferris, C. R. Grau, D.J. Jardine, H. Melakeberhan, T.L. Niblack, W.C. Stienstra, G.L. Tylka, T. A. Wheeler, and D.S. Wysong. 2006. Assessing Heterodera glycines-resistant and susceptible cultivar yield response. J. Nematol. 38:76-82.<br /> <br /> Peltier, A.J., and C.R. Grau. 2006. The role of light in the soybean / Sclerotinia sclerotiorum interaction. Phytopathology 96:S174.<br /> <br /> Grau, C.R., and Koval, N.C. 2006. Potential for soybean stem canker resurgence in Wisconsin. Wisconsin Fertilizer, Aglime, and Pest Management Conference. Vol 45:104-107.<br /> <br /> Koval, N., Grau, C., and Cullen, E. 2006. Understanding virus potential in commercial soybean fields. Wisconsin Fertilizer, Aglime, and Pest Management Conference. Vol 45:115-121.<br /> <br /> Grau, C.R., and Jensen, B. 2006. Field tests on improving soybean health. Wisconsin Fertilizer, Aglime, and Pest Management Conference. Vol 45:127-129.<br /> <br /> Jensen, B., and Grau, C.R. 2006. Tracking soybean rust: sentinel plots and spore trapping. Wisconsin Fertilizer, Aglime, and Pest Management Conference. Vol 45:178.<br /> <br /> Ziems, A.D., Giesler, L.J., Graef, George L., Redinbaugh, Margaret G., Vacha, Jean L., Berry,<br /> Sue Ann, Madden, Larry and Dorrance, Anne. E. 2006. Response of Soybean cultivars to Bean pod mottle virus Infection. Plant Disease. 91: (In Press).<br /> <br /> Giesler, L.J. and Ziems, A.D. 2006. Incidence of Alfalfa mosaic virus, Bean pod mottle virus and Soybean mosaic virus in Nebraska soybean fields. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2006-0424-01-HM.<br /> <br /> Giesler, L.J. and Gustafson, T.C. 2006. Efficacy of fungicides applied through chemigation to soybean, 2005. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 61:FC092.<br /> <br /> Giesler, L.J. and Ziems, A.D. 2006. Effect of seed treatment fungicides on soybean stand, vigor and yield, 2005. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 61:ST002.<br /> <br /> Ziems, A.D., Giesler, L.J. and Wilsong, J.A. 2006. Use of genetic tolerance, resistance and seed treatment fungicides to manage Phytophthora stem and root rot in Nebraska soybean fields. Phytopathology 96:S130.<br /> <br /> Watson, S.R. and Giesler, L.J. 2006. In field diagnostics with the University of Nebraska-Lincoln mobile plant diagnostic laboratory. Phytopathology 96:S121.<br /> <br /> Barnes, C.W., L.J. Szabo, J.J. Johnson, K.Ngueyen, C. Floyd, and J.E. Kurle. Detection of Phakopsora pachyrhizi DNA in rain using qPCR and a portable rain collector. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting. 29 July-3 August. Quebec City, Quebec, CA.<br /> <br /> Chen, S.Y., Kurle, J.E., Stetina, S., Miller, D., Nelson, G., Klossner, L.D., Hansen, N. Interactions Among Iron-deficiency Chlorosis, Soybean Cyst Nematode, and Root Rot in Minnesota Soybean Fields. (Submitted to Agronomy Journal).<br /> <br /> Impullitti, A.E., and Malvick. D.K. 2007. Evaluation of PCR to study colonization of legumes by Phialophora gregata. Phytopathology (in-press). <br /> <br /> Impullitti, A.E., and Malvick. D.K. 2006. Detection of the soybean pathogens Phialophora gregata and Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines in soil using PCR. Phytopathology 96:S52. <br /> <br /> Jia, H. and Kurle, J.E. Resistance and partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae in early maturity group soybean plant introductions (Submitted to Euphytica).<br /> <br /> Krupa, S., Bowersox, V., Claybrooke, R., Barnes, C., Szabo, L., Harlin, K., and Kurle, J.E. 2006. Introduction of soybean rust spores into the Midwestern United States  A Case Study. Plant Disease. 90: 1254-1259.<br /> <br /> Kurle, J.E. , S. Lewandowski, and D. K. Malvick. Occurrence and Distribution of Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome in Minnesota. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting. 29 July-3 August. Quebec City, Quebec, CA.<br /> <br /> Malvick, D. and Impullitti, I. 2007. Detection and Quantification of the fungus Phialophora gregata in Plant and Soil Samples with a Quantitative, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay. Plant Dis. (In-press).<br /> <br /> Malvick, D. 2006. Sudden Death Syndrome in Minnesota Soybean Fields in 2006, an Expanding Problem. November 2006. MN Crop eNews. (www.extension.umn.edu/cropenews/2006/06MNCN28.htm)<br /> <br /> Malvick, D. 2006. Preparing for Soybean Rust in Minnesota. June 2006.<br /> November 2006. MN Crop eNews. (www.extension.umn.edu/cropenews/2006/06MNCN28.htm)<br /> <br /> Wang,D., Kurle, J., and Percich, J. Tillage Management to Improve Soil Physical Conditions for Crop Growth. 18th World Congress of Soil Science. July 9-15, 2006. Philadelphia, PA.<br /> <br /> Tyler, B.M., Tripathy, S., Zhang, X., Dehal, P., Jiang, R.H.Y., Aerts, A., Arredondo, F.D., Baxter, L., Bensasson, D., Beynon, J.L., Chapman, J., Damasceno, C.M.B., Dorrance, A.E., Dou, D., Dickerman, A., Dubchak, I.L., Garbelotto, M., Gijzen, M., Gorgon, S.G., Govers, F., Grunwald, N.J., Huang, W., Ivors, K.L., Jones, R.W., Kamoun, S., Krampis, K., Lamour, K.H., Lee, M., McDonald, W.H., Medina, M., Miejer, H.G.G., Nordber, E.K., Maclean, D.J., Ospina-Giraldo, M.D., Morris, P.F., Phuntumart, V., Putnam, N.H., Rash, S., Rose, J.K.C., Sakihama, Y., Salamov, A.A., Savidor, A., Schuering, C.F., Smith, B.M., Sobral, B.W.S. Terry, A., Torto-Alalibo, Win, J., Xu, Z., Zhang, H., Grigoriev, I.V., Rokhsar, D.S., and Boore, J.L. 2006. Phytophthora genome sequences uncover evolutionary origins and mechanisms of pathogenesis. Science 313:1261-1266.<br /> <br /> Hoitink, H.A.J., Madden, L.V. and Dorrance, A.E. 2006. Systemic resistance induced by Trichoderma spp.: Interactions between the host, the pathogen, the biocontrol agent, and soil organic matter quality. Phytopathology 96:186-189.<br /> <br /> Gordon, S.G., St.Martin, S.K., and Dorrance, A.E. 2006. Rps8 Maps to a resistance gene rich region on soybean molecular linkage group F. Crop Sci. 46:168-173.<br /> <br /> Berry, S.A., Mills, D.R., and Dorrance, A.E. 2006. Evaluation of seed treatment fungicides for control of Phytophthora root and stem rot in soybeans in Ohio, 2006. PDMR ST001<br /> <br /> Mills, D.R., Dorrance, A.E., Davis, M., and Davlin, J. 2006. Evaluation of soybean fungicides for yield response and Septoria brown spot in Ohio, 2006. PDMR FC089<br /> <br /> McSpadden Gardener, B.B., Kroon van Diest, C., and J. Beuerlein 2006. Evaluation of biological seed treatments containing phlD+ strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens on soybeans grown in Ohio, 2005. Biological and Cultural Tests 21:FC045<br /> <br /> McSpadden Gardener, B.B., Benitez, M.S., Camp, A. and Zumpetta, C. 2006. Evaluation of a seed treatment containing a phlD+ strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens on organic soybeans, 2005. Biological and Cultural Tests 21:FC046<br /> <br /> Bradley, C. A. and Li, S. 2006. First report of northern stem canker of soybean caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora in North Dakota. Plant Disease 90:687.<br /> <br /> Bolton MD, Thomma BPHJ and Nelson, BD. 2006 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (lib.) de Bary: biology and molecular traits of a cosmopolitan pathogen. Molecular Plant Pathology 7 (1) 1-16: <br /> <br /> Helms, T.C., Nelson, B. D., Goos, R. J., and Chang, K. C. 2006. Registration of 'ProSoy' soybean. Crop Sci. 46:470-471.<br /> <br /> Helms, T.C., B.D. Nelson, and R.J. Goos. 2006. Registration of 'Pembina' soybean. Crop Sci. 46:469-470.<br /> <br /> Bradley, C. A., Chesrown, C. D., and Helms, T. C. 2006. Efficacy of fungicide seed treatments on soybean in North Dakota. Phytopathology 96:S173.<br /> <br /> Nelson, B., and Phan, N. 2006. Evaluation of partial resistance in soybean to Phytophthora sojae using WinRhizo root analysis software. Phytopathology 96: S83.<br /> <br /> Nelson, B., and Mallik, I. 2006. Growth of Phytophthora sojae on media amended with metalaxyl and mefenoxam. Phytopathology 96: S 174.<br /> <br /> Mueller, T. A., Bradley, C. A., Chesrown, C. D., Kemerait, R. C., Wright, D. L., Marios, J. J., Miles, M. R., and Hartman, G. L. 2006. Evaluation of fungicides and fungicide timing for the control of Phakopsora pachyrhizi in the United States. 2nd National Soybean Rust Symposium, St. Louis, MO, online at: www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/infocenter/topic/soybeanrust/2006/posters/53.asp<br /> <br /> Bradley, C. A. and Chesrown, C. D. 2006. Seed treatment and planting date effects on stand, root disease, and yield of soybean in North Dakota, 2005. F&N Tests 61:ST013.<br /> <br /> Bradley, C. A. and Chesrown, C. D. 2006. Evaluation of foliar fungicides for control of Septoria brown spot on soybean in North Dakota, 2005. F&N Tests 61:FC006.<br /> <br /> Bent, A. F., Hoffman, T. K., Schmidt, J. C., Hartman, G. L., Hoffman, D. D., Xue, P., and Tucker, M. L. 2006. Disease- and performance-related traits of ethylene-insensitive soybean. Crop Science 46:893-901. <br /> <br /> Bonde, M. R., Nester, S. E., Austin, C. N., Stone, C. L., Frederick, R. D., Hartman, G. L., and Miles, M. R. 2006. Evaluation of virulence of Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae isolates. Plant Disease 90:708-716. <br /> <br /> Farias Neto, A. F., Hartman, G. L., Pedersen, W. L., Li, S., Bollero, G. A., and Diers, B. W. 2006. Irrigation and inoculation treatments that increase the severity of soybean sudden death syndrome in the field. Crop Science 46:2547-2554. <br /> <br /> Ferro, C. R., Hill, C. B., Miles, M. R., and Hartman, G. L. 2006. Evaluation of soybean cultivars with the Rps1k gene for partial resistance or field tolerance to Phytophthora sojae. Crop Science 46:2427-2436. <br /> <br /> Gao, X., Jackson, T. A., Hartman, G. L., and Niblack, T. L. 2006. Interactions between soybean cyst nematode and Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines based on greenhouse factorial experiments. Phytopathology 96:1409-1415. <br /> <br /> Harmon, C. L., Harmon, P. F., Mueller, T. A., Marois, J. J., and Hartman, G. L. 2006. First report of Phakopsora pachyrhizi telia on kudzu in the United States. Plant Disease 90:380. <br /> <br /> Hill, C. B., Hartman, G. L., Esgar, R., and Hobbs, H. A. 2006. Field evaluation of green stem disorder in soybean cultivars. Crop Science 46:879-885. <br /> <br /> Hill, C. B., Li, Y., and Hartman, G. L. 2006. A single dominant gene for resistance to the soybean aphid in the soybean cultivar Dowling. Crop Science 46:1601-1605. <br /> <br /> Hill, C. B., Li, Y., and Hartman, G. L. 2006. Soybean aphid resistance in soybean Jackson is controlled by a single dominant gene. Crop Science 46:1606-1608. <br /> <br /> Hobbs, H. A., Hill, C. B., Grau, C. R., Koval, N. C., Wang, Y., Pedersen, W. L., Domier, L. L., and Hartman, G. L. 2006. Green stem disorder of soybean. Plant Disease 90:513-518. <br /> <br /> Isard, S. A., Dufault, N. S., Miles, M. R., Hartman, G. L., Russo, J. M., De Wolf, E. D., and Morel, W. 2006. The effect of solar irradiance on the mortality of Phakopsora pachyrhizi urediniospores. Plant Disease 90:941-945. <br /> <br /> Lozovaya, V.V., A.V. Lygin, O.V. Zernova, S. Li, J.M. Widholm, and G.L. Hartman. 2006. Lignin degradation by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines. Plant Disease 90:77-82.<br /> <br /> Lynch, T. N., Marois, J. J., Wright, D. L., Harmon, P. F., Miles, M. R., and Hartman, G. L. 2006. First report of soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi on Phaseolus spp. in the United States. Plant Disease 90:970. <br /> <br /> Miles, M. R., Frederick, R. D., and Hartman, G. L. 2006. Evaluation of soybean germplasm for resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Plant Health Progress:(Online). Available at http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/sub/php/ research/2006/germplasm/. <br /> <br /> Wang, Y., H.A. Hobbs, C.R. Bowen, R.L. Bernard, C.B. Hill, J.S. Haudenshield, L.L. Domier, and G.L. Hartman. 2006. Evaluation of soybean cultivars, 'Williams' isogenic lines, and other selected soybean lines for resistance to two Soybean mosaic virus strains. Crop Science 46:2649-2653.<br /> <br /> Hartman, G. L. 2006. Soybean rust research in the United States. Pages 19-22 in: Mercosoja 2006. Proceedings of the 3rd Mercosur Soyean Congress, held from June 27-30, 2006, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. (Proceedings)<br /> <br /> Hill, C. B., Hartman, G. L., Li, Y., Diers, B. W., and Carlson, S. 2006. Soybean genes for resistance to Aphis glycines. Patent Application No. 20060015964. (Patent)<br /> <br /> Miles, M. R., Hartman, G. L., and Levy, C. 2006. Control of soybean rust in a determinate cultivar at the Rattray Arnold Research Station, Zimbabwe, 2004-05. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 61:FC003. (Report)<br /> <br /> Miles, M. R., Hartman, G. L., and Levy, C. 2006. Control of soybean rust in an indeterminate cultivar at the Gwebi Variety Testing Center, Zimbabwe, 2004-05. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 61:FC004. (Report)<br /> <br /> Miles, M. R., Hartman, G. L., van Rij, N. C., Tweer, S., du Preez, E. D., and Lawrance, K. F. 2006. Evaluations of fungicides for control of soybean rust in the cultivar 'Prima 2000' near Cedara, South Africa, 2004-05. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 61:FC002. (Report)<br /> <br /> Mueller, T. A., Miles, M. R., Hartman, G. L., and Morel, W. 2006. Evaluations of fungicides for the control of soybean rust at Bella Vista, Paraguay, 2004-2005 Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 61:FC007. (Report)<br /> <br /> Sconyers, L. E., Kemerait, R. C., Brock, J. Phillips, D. V., Jost, P. H., Sikora, E. J., Gutierrez-Estrada, A., Mueller, J. D., Marois, J. J., Wright, D. L., and Harmon, C. L. 2006. Asian Soybean Rust Development in 2005: A perspective from the Southeastern United States. APSnet Feature Story. Online publication: http://apsnet.org/online/feature/sbr/<br /> <br /> Mullen, J. M., E. J. Sikora, J. M. McKemy, M. E. Palm, L. Levy and R. Devries-Paterson. 2006. First Report of Asian Soybean Rust Caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi on Soybeans in Alabama. Plant Disease 90:112. <br /> <br /> Sikora, E. J. D. P. Delaney, K. S. Lawrence, A. Gutierrez-estrada and R. Durbin. 2006. Evaluation of Ballad for control of foliar diseases of soybeans, 2005. 2005 Soybean Research Report 29, pg.12.<br /> <br /> Lawrence, K. S., D. P. Delaney, E. J. Sikora and S. P. Nightengale. 2006. Evaluation of Absolute, Folicur and Stratego on soybean foliar disease and yield in Alabama, 2005. 2005 Soybean Research Report 29, pg. 10.<br /> <br /> Lawrence, K. S., D. P. Delaney, E. J. Sikora and S. P. Nightengale. 2006. Evaluation of Punch, Charisma, Folicur and Manzate on soybean foliar disease and yield in Alabama, 2005. 2005 Soybean Research Report 29, pg. 11.<br /> <br /> Sikora, E. J., K. S. Lawrence, A. Gutierrez-estrada, D. P. Delaney and M. Pegues. 2006. Evaluation of Ballad for control of foliar diseases of soybeans, 2005. Fungicide and Nematicide tests, on-line publication # <br /> <br /> Sikora, E. J., K. S. Lawrence, A. Gutierrez-estrada, D. P. Delaney and M. Pegues. 2006. Evaluation of fungicide spray programs for Asian soybean rust in Alabama, 2005. Fungicide and Nematicide tests, on-line publication # <br /> <br /> Lawrence, K. S., E. J. Sikora D. P. Delaney, and R. M. Durbin. 2006. Evaluation of Punch, Charisma, Folicur and Manzate on soybean foliar disease and yield in Alabama, 2005. Fungicide and Nematicide tests, on-line publication #<br /> <br /> Lawrence, K. S., D. P. Delaney, E. J. Sikora and S. P. Nightengale. 2006. Evaluation of Absolute, Folicur and Stratego on soybean foliar disease and yield in Alabama, 2005. Fungicide and Nematicide tests, on-line publication #<br /> <br /> Sikora, E. J., A. Gutiérrez-estrada, D. Delaney, J. Mullen and J. Jacobi. 2006. Proceedings of the Illinois Crop Protection Technology Conference. Urbana, Illinois.<br /> <br /> Sikora, E. J. and M. Delaney. Kudzu in the City: Detection of Asian Soybean Rust on Kudzu in Urban Environments in Alabama during the winter of 2006. Soybean Rust Symposium, St. Louis, MO.<br /> <br /> S. Chaudhary, T. R. Anderson, S.J. Park and K. Yu. 2006. Comparison of screening methods for resistance to Fusarium root rot in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plant Pathology: J. Phytopathology 154, 303-308<br /> <br /> Winter, S.M.J., Shelp, B.J., Anderson, T.R., Welacky, T. W. and Rajcan, I. 2006. QTL associated with horizontal resistance to soybean cyst nematode in Glycine sojae PI464925B. Theor Appl Genet DOI 10.1007/s00122-006-0446-4.<br /> <br /> K. Thickett, J. VanDerWal, L. Lovett-Doust and T.R. Anderson. 2007. A method for screening soybean seedlings for resistance to northern stem canker caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora. Can J. Plant Science. (Accepted)<br /> <br /> Thomas, R., Fang, A., Peterson, C. A., Anderson, T.R. and Bernards, M.A. 2007. Soybean root suberin. Anatomical distribution, chemical composition, and relationship to partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae (Kaufmann & Gerdemann). Plant Physiology. (Accepted)<br /> <br /> Del Ponte, E.M., Godoy, C. V., Li, X. and Yang, X. B. 2006. Predicting Severity of Asian Soybean Rust Epidemics with Empirical Rainfall Models. Phytopathology 96:797-803. DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-96-0797<br /> <br /> Pivonia, S. and Yang, X.B. 2006. Relating Epidemic Progress from a General Disease Model to Seasonal Appearance Time of Rusts in the United States: Implications for Soybean Rust. Phytopathology 96:400-407. DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-96-0400<br /> <br /> Pan, Z., Yang, X. B., Pivonia, S., Xue, L. and Pasken, R. and Roads, J. 2006. Long-Term Prediction of Soybean Rust Entry into the Continental United States. Plant Dis. 90:840-846. DOI: 10.1094/PD-90-0840<br /> <br /> Yang, X.B., 2006. Framework development in plant disease risk assessment and its application. European Journal of Plant Pathology (2006) 115:2534, DOI 10.1007/s10658-005-4513-5<br /> <br /> Mueller, E. E., and Grau, C. R. 2007. Seasonal progression, symptom development, and yield effects of Alfalfa mosaic virus epidemics on soybean in Wisconsin. Plant Dis. 91:266-272.<br /> <br /> Gao, H., Narayanan, N., Ellison, L., and Bhattacharyya M.K. (2005) Two classes of highly similar coiled coil-nucleotide binding-leucine rich repeat genes isolated from the Rps1-k locus encode Phytophthora resistance in soybean. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 18:1035-1045.<br /> <br /> Sandhu, D., Schallock K. G., Rivera-Velez, N. , P. Lundeen, P., S. Cianzio, S., and M. K. Bhattacharyya (2005) Soybean Phytophthora resistance gene Rps8 maps closely to the Rps3 region. J. Heredity, 96:536-541.<br />

Impact Statements

1. Since the confirmation of soybean rust in the U.S., the soybean rust sentinel plot system now known as the IPM PIPE is based on sentinel plots established in all soybean producing states. Results are available in the national data base at web site, www.sbrusa.net; which has helped growers with better management decisions and prevention. The publication, Using Foliar Fungicides to Manage Soybean Rust is in the revision process for distribution in 2007.
2. Phytophthora root rot remains one of the most serious diseases of soybeans in the U.S. A multi-state research project, nearing completion, should result in several publications focusing on pathotype diversity across the N.C. states, results from germplasm and cultivar screening and various management studies. Information from this multi-year project will be available in several formats and should be valuable to producers trying to manage Phytophthora root rot of soybeans.
3. Sudden death syndrome continues to cause significant yield losses in many N.C. states, and confirmed in additional states. Cooperative efforts evaluating resistance or susceptibility of germplasm lines and cultivars to SDS provide valuable information to breeders trying to develop and release resistant soybean cultivars.
4. Dr. Craig Grau and Dr. Anne Dorrance lead efforts to write a white paper on soybean diseases Soybean Pathology White Paper, which stresses the importance of soybean diseases and highlights research areas which need emphasis. The aim is to use the white paper to increase funding for soybean disease research. The final white paper will be posted on the NCSRP web site and available through other formats.

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Report Information

Participants

Illinois: Carl Bradley; Indiana: Greg Shaner; Iowa: Silvia Cianzio, Peter Lundeen, Leonor Leandro, X.B. Yang; Kansas: Chris Little, Doug Jardine; Michigan: Diane Brown-Rytlewski; Minnesota: Dean Malvick; Missouri: Laura Sweets, Jim English; Nebraska: Loren Giesler; North Dakota: Berlin Nelson; South Dakota: Tom Chase; Ohio: Anne Dorrance; Wisconsin: Paul Esker, Craig Grau; CSREES: Martin Draper

Brief Summary of Minutes

Chair Laura Sweets called the meeting to order and presented the meeting agenda.

CSREES Report
Marty Draper presented information on the Presidents budget. He reported an upcoming shift to 70% of Hatch funding associated with multi-state projects. Hatch is moving towards a greater competitive format. The extension budget was doubled for implementation of extension to redefine access understanding and usefulness of extension education. Risk Management will cease funding for soybean rust sentinel plot program in 2009.

Administrative Advisor Report
Steve Slack reported that Hatch funds will be 16% lower to states. academic programs. Impacts at state level shifts in hatch and reduce formula grant portion 40% - dollars to new multi state competitive grant program so can retrieve dollars. Feds like multi state projects. Smith-Lever funds are flat for extension programs. Another change is a shift of integrated activities such as water quality, methyl bromide and IPM to NRI. Funding for NRI is up 25% but due to shift of 406 program funds. Funding for bioenergy and specialty crops was also moved to NRI.

NCERA 137 Business Meeting
A motion to approve the 2007 minutes of NCERA 137 was made by Yang and seconded by Nelson. Minutes approved by voice vote.

Silvia Cianzio suggested the 2009 meeting be held in Puerto Rico on January 17 to 20 or January 26-27, 2009. Motion: Nelson move to accept invitation and proposal- Giesler second; passed by voice vote. Silvia Cianzio is coordinating local arrangements. The
Southern Soybean Pathology Workers will be contacted and as well as member of NCERA 200.

The current NCERA 137 project ends September 30, 2009 and has been assigned a temporary number, NCERA 137temp. The renewal proposal should make a case that 137 should remain that number due to longtime identity with industry and commodity groups. The Rewrite Committee is composed of Anne Dorrance, X.B.Yang, Paul Esker, Leonor Leandro, and Carl Bradley. Deadlines are September 15, 2008 for a draft of issues and justification and the final version is due December 1, 2008 to Steve Slacks administrative assistant for submission to NCERA website. Each state representative should present commentary on impact, accomplishments and deliverables.

The Committee discussed the addition of soybean pathologists from other regions. Membership lists need to be updated. The status was certain for James Grichar and Charlie Rush. Non experiment station members can be added and need to contact Steve Slack office. Each member must request experiment station directors to renew appendix E. This is not done automatically to remain a member of NCERA 137.

Election of officers; Motion by Anne Dorrance that X.B. Yang be interim Chair for 2009 until Silvia Ciazano is officially appointed to NCRERA 137 by the Experiment Station Directors. Motion seconded by Tom Chase and passed by voice vote. Motion by X.B. Yang to elect Paul Esker as Secretary for 2009 and Chair for 2010. Motion seconded by Berlin Nelson and passed by voice vote.

A motion was made by Anne Dorrance for recognition to Laura Sweets for outstanding duties as Chair of NCERA 137 and acknowledgement and thanks to David Wright for monetary support for the meeting.

Workshops
Carl Bradley led a discussion on fungicides applied to seed and foliage. Paul Esker led a discussion on the use of meta analysis for data from multiple experiments. Berlin Nelson led a discussion on the use of molecular methods to study soybean pathogens.

White Paper Discussion
The current document is comprehensive but does not focus on research and extension priorities. There was discussion to update yield loss table and pass by industry personal for review.

Purpose of white paper; use as resource to generate funding, identify key issues to address, and an overall review of soybean pathology. White paper may serve as resource to develop themes and direction for more focused treatment of research priorities and research needs. The white paper can be used to identify a theme from which to derive research or extension priorities. There was discussion to restructure the format on the basis of themes. Examples discussed were root health and subregional themes within northcentral region. Additional themes discussed were identification of resistance genes, selection methodology for resistance genes and genetic mapping of soybean and soybean pathogens. The disease triangle was discussed as a foundation of a model to develop research teams; Pathogen team, host team and environment team/yield loss activity in this team. Yield loss could be a first step and used to justify research efforts on a specific pathogen or complex system.

The Committee decided to develop a Plan of Action which would entail one page document and would refer reader to the full white paper on a specific web site. Berlin Nelson will draft a one page Plan of Action and Diane Brown-Rytlewski volunteered to assist with the Extension content.

See attached full annual report that includes state report.

Accomplishments

The Committee decided to develop a Plan of Action which would entail one page document and would refer reader to the full white paper on a specific web site. Purpose of white paper; use as resource to generate funding, identify key issues to address, and an overall review of soybean pathology. White paper may serve as resource to develop themes and direction for more focused treatment of research priorities and research needs. The white paper can be used to identify a theme from which to derive research or extension priorities. <br /> <br /> NCERA137 members maintain close association with NCERA208 and NCERA200 to coordinate research on soybean rust and soybean viruses, emerging pathogens.<br /> <br /> The committee is extensively involved in technology transfer.<br /> <br /> NCERA137 has played an important role in the development of the IPMPIPE (Integrated Pest Management-Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education) which allows you to follow the spread of soybean rust on a real-time basis.<br /> <br /> This committee has influenced research directions on soybean diseases imporant to the NC Region.

Publications

Bradley, C. A., Chesrown, C. D., and Hofman, V. L. 2007. Evaluation of foliar fungicide application methods on soybean. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 29:197-202.<br /> <br /> Domier, L. L., Steinlage, T. A., Hobbs, H. A., Yang, H. A., Herrera-Rodriguez, G., Haudenshield, J. S., McCoppin, N. K., and Hartman, G. L. 2007. Similarities in seed and aphid transmission among Soybean mosaic virus isolates. Plant Disease 91:546-550.<br /> <br /> Farias Neto, A. F., Hashmi, R., Schmidt, M., Carlson, S. R., Hartman, G. L., Li, S., Nelson, R. L., and Diers, B. W. 2007. Mapping and confirmation of a new sudden death syndrome resistance QTL on linkage group D2 from the soybean genotypes PI 567374 and 'Ripley'. Molecular Plant Breeding 20:53-62.<br /> <br /> Li, Y., Hill, C. B., Carlson, S. R., Diers, B. W., and Hartman, G. L. 2007. Soybean aphid resistance genes in the soybean cultivars Dowling and Jackson map to linkage group M. Molecular Plant Breeding 19:25-34.<br /> <br /> Lim, H. S., Ko, T. S., Hobbs, H. A., Lambert, K. N., Yu, N., McCoppin, N. K., Korban, S. S., Hartman, G. L., and Domier, L. L. 2007. Soybean mosaic virus helper component-protease alters leaf morphology and reduces seed production in transgenic soybean plants. Phytopathology 97:366-372.<br /> <br /> Thekkeveetil, T., Hobbs, H. A., Wang, Y., Kridelbaugh, D., Donnelly, J., Hartman, G. L., and Domier, L. L. 2007. First Report of Soybean dwarf virus in Soybean in Northern Illinois. Plant Disease 91:1686.<br /> <br /> Bandyopadhyay, R., Ojiambo, P. S., Twizeyimana, M., Asafo-Adjei, B., Frederick, R. D., Pedley, K. F., Stone, C. L., and Hartman, G. L. 2007. First report of soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi in Ghana. Plant Disease 91:1057.<br /> <br /> Daniel, S. L., Hartman, G. L., Wagner, E. D., and Plewa, M. J. 2007. Mammalian cell cytotoxicity analysis of soybean rust fungicides. Bulletin Environmental Contamination Toxicology 78:474-478.<br /> <br /> Hartman, G. L., Hines, R. A., Faulkner, C. D., Lynch, T. N., and Pataky, N. 2007. Late season occurrence of soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi on soybean in Illinois. Plant Disease 91:466.<br /> <br /> Hyten, D. L., Hartman, G. L., Nelson, R. L., Frederick, R. D., Concibido, V. C., and Cregan, P. B. 2007. Map location of the Rpp1 locus that confers resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soybean rust) in soybean. Crop Science 47:837-838.<br /> <br /> Miles, M. R., Levy, C., Morel, W., Mueller, T., Steinlage, T., van Rij, N., Frederick, R. D., and Hartman, G. L. 2007. International fungicide efficacy trials for the management of soybean rust. Plant Disease 91:1450-1458.<br /> <br /> Miles, M. R., Pastor-Corrales, M. A., Hartman, G. L., and Frederick, R. D. 2007. Differential response of common bean cultivars to Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Plant Disease 91:698-704.<br /> <br /> Ojiambo, P. S., Bandyopadhyay, R., Twizeyimana, M., Lema, A., Frederick, R. D., Pedley, K. F., Stone, C. L., and Hartman, G. L. 2007. First report of rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi on soybean in Democratic Republic of Congo. Plant Disease 91:1204.<br /> <br /> Patzoldt, M. E., Tyagi, R. K., Hymowitz, T., Miles, M. R., Hartman, G. L., and Frederick, R. D. 2007. Soybean rust resistance derived from Glycine tomentella in amphiploid hybrid lines. Crop Science 47:158-161.<br /> <br /> Twizeyimana, M., Ojiambo, P. S., Ikotun, T., Paul, C., Hartman, G. L., and Bandyopadhyay, R. 2007. Comparison of field, greenhouse, and detached-leaf evaluations of soybean germplasm for resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Plant Disease 91:1161-1169.<br /> <br /> Bradley, C. A., and Chesrown, C. D. 2007. Evaluation of foliar fungicides on soybean at Fargo, ND in 2006. NDSU 2007 Crop Production Guide 17:498-499.<br /> <br /> Bradley, C. A., and Chesrown, C. D. 2007. Effect of fungicide seed treatments on soybean at Fargo, ND in 2006. NDSU 2007 Crop Production Guide 17:500-501.<br /> <br /> Bradley, C. A., and Nelson, B. D. 2007. Comparison of soybean cyst nematode  resistant and susceptible soybean cultivars in Richland County, ND, 2006. NDSU 2007 Crop Production Guide 17:502-503.<br /> <br /> Bradley, C. A., and Chesrown, C. D. 2007. Effect of Headline fungicide on different soybean cultivars at Fargo, ND in 2006. NDSU 2007 Crop Production Guide 17:504-505.<br /> <br /> Bradley, C. A. and Chesrown, C. D. 2007. Evaluation of Headline fungicide for control of brown spot on four soybean cultivars in North Dakota, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports 1:FC033.<br /> <br /> Mueller, D. S., Bradley, C. A., Ames, K. A., and Pedersen, W. L. 2007. Evaluation of Folicur sensitivity and its effect on soybean yield in Iowa, Illinois, and North Dakota, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports 1:FC067.<br /> <br /> Bradley, C. A. and Chesrown, C. D. 2007. Effect of Warden RTA seed treatment on soybean planted at different seeding rates in North Dakota, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports 1:ST035.<br /> <br /> Knodel, J. and Bradley, C. 2007. Efficacy of foliar applied insecticide-fungicides against soybean aphids on soybeans, 2006. Arthropod Managment Tests 32:F54.<br /> <br /> Knodel, J. and Bradley, C. 2007. Foliar applied insecticide efficacy against soybean aphids on soybeans, 2006. Arthropod Management Tests 32:F55. <br /> <br /> Bradley, C. A., Ames, K. A., and Schatz, B. G. 2007. Effect of fungicide seed treatments on soybean planted at different seeding rates in North Dakota and Illinois. Phytopathology 97:S13.<br /> <br /> Jarrett, S., Bradley, C., and Walker, D. R. 2007. Sensitivity of soybean plant introductions to the foliar fungicide tebuconazole (Folicur). In Annual meeting abstracts (CD-ROM). ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI.<br /> <br /> Hartman, G. L. 2007. Soybean Diseases: Ecology and Control. Encyclopedia of Pest Management. Online. Available at http://www.informaworld.com/10.1081/E-EPM-120041224.<br /> <br /> Song, J. Y., Jeon, N. J., Li, S., Kim, H. G., and Hartman, G. L. 2007. Development of PCR assay using species-specific primers for Phytophthora sojae based on the DNA sequence of its transposable element. Phytopathology 97:S110.<br /> <br /> Bandyopadhyay, R., Paul, C., Twizeyimana, M., Adeleke, R., Miles, M. R., and Hartman, G. L. 2006. Identification and development of resistance to soybean rust in Nigeria [Abst.]. Phytopathology 96S:8.<br /> <br /> Haudenshield, J. S., Steinlage, T. A., and Hartman, G. L. 2007. Quantification and single-spore detection of Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Proceedings of the 2007 National Soybean Rust Symposium, Louisville, KY, December 12-14, 2007. Available at http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/infocenter/topic/soybeanrust/2007/posters/.<br /> <br /> Miles, M. R., Morel, W., Ray, J. D., Smith, J. R., Hartman, G. L., and Frederick, R. D. 2007. Evaluation of potential soybean rust resistant sources in Paraguay during the 2005-06 season. Proceedings of the APS-SON Joint Meeting, San Diego, California, July 28 - August 1, 2007. Available at http://www.apsnet.org/meetings/2007/abstracts/a07ma469.htm.<br /> <br /> Mueller, T. A., Miles, M. R., Hartman, G. L., and Levy, C. 2007. Evaluation of fungicides and fungicide timing for the control of soybean rust in Zimbabwe, 2005-2006. Plant Disease Management Reports 1:FC103.<br /> <br /> Mueller, T. A., Miles, M. R., Hartman, G. L., and Morel, W. 2007. Evaluation of fungicides and fungicide timing for the control of soybean rust at Bella Vista, Paraguay, 2005-2006. Plant Disease Management Reports 1:FC104.<br /> <br /> Mueller, T. A., Miles, M. R., Hartman, G. L., and Morel, W. 2007. Evaluation of fungicides and fungicide timing for the control of soybean rust at Pirapo, Paraguay, 2005-2006. Plant Disease Management Reports 1:FC063.<br /> <br /> Mueller, T. A., Miles, M. R., Hartman, G. L., and Morel, W. 2007. Evaluation of fungicides and fungicide timing for the control of soybean rust at Capitán Meza, Paraguay, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports 1:FC062.<br /> <br /> Smith, D., Paul, C., Steinlage, T. A., Miles, M. R., and Hartman, G. L. 2007. Isolation, purification, and characterization of Phakopsora pachyrhizi isolates. Proceedings of the 2007 National Soybean Rust Symposium, Louisville, KY, December 12-14, 2007. Available at http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/infocenter/topic/soybeanrust/2007/posters/.<br /> <br /> Twizeyimana, M., Ojiambo, P., Paul, C., Hartman, G. L., and Bandyopadhyay, R. 2007. <br /> Pathogenic variation of Phakopsora pachyrhizi in Nigeria. Proceedings of the 2007 National Soybean Rust Symposium, Louisville, KY, December 12-14, 2007. Available at http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/infocenter/topic/soybeanrust/2007/posters/<br /> <br /> Extension publications in 2007:<br /> <br /> Montgomery, M., Bissonnette, S., Nordby, D., and Bradley, C. 2007. Utilizing Fungicide Site of Action to Combat Resistance. University of Illinois Extension, Urbana, IL.<br /> <br /> Mueller, D., Giesler, L., Bradley, C., Tenuta, A., and Brown-Rytlewski, D. 2007. Soybean Rust: What is Your Risk?. National circular printed by the ipmPIPE<br /> <br /> Jardine, D.J. and L. Maddux. 2007. Evaluation of seed treatment fungicides for control of seedling diseases and charcoal rot in soybeans, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report No. 1:ST008. DOI:10.1094/PDMR01.<br /> <br /> Bird, G. W. 2007. Nematode community structure of natural, non-managed and managed ecosystems. J. Nematol. 39:89.<br /> <br /> Bird, G. W. 2007. A Global Perspective of Integrated Nematode Management Innovation. Phytopathology 97:S148.<br /> Bird, G. W., T. Kendle, J. Davenport and D. Rajzer. 2008. Soybean Cyst Nematode Research: 1999-2007 Kendle Farm Variety Trials. 2007 Michigan On-Farm Research Report. Michigan State University Extension, East Lansing.<br /> <br /> D. Wang and J. Boyse. 2007. White Mold Performance Report. http://www.css.msu.edu/varietytrials/soybean/whitemold.htm<br /> <br /> Brown-Rytlewski, D. 2007.Mid-Michigan Soybean Trials Seed Treatment Performance Comparison; Summary of Targeted Fungal Pathogens Isolated in Seed Treatment Study. 2007 Mid-Michigan Crop Report. Michigan State University Extension, East Lansing.<br /> <br /> Brown-Rytlewski, D.E., 2007. Chapter 15, Safe Fungicide Storage, in Using Foliar Fungicides to Manage Soybean Rust (2nd edition) Dorrance, A.E., M.A. Draper and D. E. Hershman, eds. Ohio State University Extension Bulletin SR-2008 111 p.<br /> <br /> Brown-Rytlewski, D., and Kirk, W. 2008. Soybean Fungicidal Seed Treatment Study. 2007 Michigan On-Farm Research Report. Michigan State University Extension, East Lansing.<br /> <br /> Brown-Rytlewski, D. and MacKellar, B. 2007. Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS). http://www.ipm.msu.edu/cat07field/pdf/7-26SDS.pdf<br /> <br /> Brown-Rytlewski, D., Staton, M. and DiFonzo, C. 2007.Pesticide Application Technology for Soybean Rust and Soybean Aphids. http://fieldcrop.msu.edu/documents/application-tech-rev-071.pdf<br /> <br /> Brown-Rytlewski, D. Soybean Facts: Soybean Rust Fungicide use Guidelines for 2007. http://fieldcrop.msu.edu/<br /> <br /> Chen, C.Y., C. Gu, C. Mensah, R.L. Nelson, and D. Wang. 2007. SSR marker <br /> diversity of soybean aphid resistance sources in North America. Genome 50:1104-1111.<br /> <br /> Davenport, J., G. Bird and F. Warner. 2007. Dynamics of HG Types Associated with Commercial soybean Cultivars in Michigan. J. Nematol. 39:90. <br /> <br /> DiFonzo, C., Jewett, M., Warner, F., Brown-Rytlewski, D., and W. Kirk. 2007. Insect, Nematodes and Disease Control in Michigan Field Crops 2007. Michigan State University Extension, (E-1582),<br /> <br /> Mueller, D., Giesler, L., Bradley, C., Tenuta, A., and D. Brown-Rytlewski.2007. Soybean Rust: What is your Risk?. ipmPIPE 2007.<br /> <br /> Malvick, D. and Impullitti, I. 2007. Detection and quantification of the fungus Phialophora gregata in plant and soil samples with a quantitative, real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Plant Disease 91:726-742.<br /> <br /> Malvick, D.K. and. Bussey, K.E. 2007. Spread of sudden death syndrome in soybean fields and characteristics of Fusarium virguliforme, the causal agent, in Minnesota. Phytopathology 96:S69.<br /> <br /> Impullitti, A.E., and Malvick. D.K. 2007. Evaluation of PCR to study colonization of legumes by Phialophora gregata. Phytopathology 97:S162. <br /> <br /> Impullitti, A.E., and Malvick, D.K. 2008. Effects of latent infection by Phialophora gregata on physiology and growth of soybean. Presented at the North Central APS Meeting in Lafayette, IN. June 2007. Phytopathology 98:(in-press).<br /> <br /> Bienapfl, J. C., Percich, J. A. and Malvick, D. K. 2008. Evaluation of PCR-based methods for species-specific detection of Phytophthora sojae. Presented at the North Central APS Meeting in Lafayette, IN. June 2007.Phytopathology 98:(in-press).<br /> <br /> Floyd, C., Tao, Z., Spoden, G., Malvick, D., Kurle, J., Bernacchi, C., and Krupa, S. 2007. Minnesota Soybean Rust Forecast Model (MinnSoyRustMod). Presented at the 2007 National Soybean Rust Symposium. www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/infocenter/topic/soybeanrust/2007/<br /> Barnes, C.W., Szabo, L.J. Bowersox, V.C., Lehmann, C. 2007. Phakopsora pachyrhizi spores in rain. Presented at the 2007 National Soybean Rust Symposium. <br /> Chen, S., J.E. Kurle, S. Stetina, D. R. Miller, L. D. Klossner, G. A. Nelson, and N. C. Hansen. 2007. Interactions Between Iron-deficiency Chlorosis and Soybean Cyst Nematode in Minnesota Soybean Fields. Plant and Soil. 299:131139<br /> Jia, H. and Kurle, J.E. 2007. Resistance and partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae in early maturity group soybean plant introductions. Euphytica. 159: 27-34<br /> <br /> Meyer, P. and J.E. Kurle. 2007. Interaction of temperature and soil moisture in root rot of soybean. Phytopathology. 97:S76.<br /> <br /> Meyer, P. and J.E. Kurle. 2007. Efficacy and persistence of seed treatment against root rot of soybean. Phytopathology. 97:S76.<br /> <br /> Sun, M.,Chen, S., Kurle, J.E., Naeve, S., Wyse, D.L., Stahl, L.A., Nelson, G.A., and Klossner, L.D. 2007. Effect of rotation crops on iron-deficiency chlorosis and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Phytopathology. 97:S112.<br /> Barnes, C.W, and Szabo, L.J. 2007. Long distance dispersal of Phakopsora pachyrhizi spores in rain, comparing data from 2005 and 2006. Phytopathology 97:S8.<br /> Malvick, D. 2007. Look for Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS) In Minnesota Soybean Fields. MN Crop eNews. (http://www.extension.umn.edu/cropenews/2007/index.html).<br /> <br /> Malvick, D. 2007. Late Season Soybean Diseases in Minnesota. MN Crop eNews. <br /> <br /> Malvick, D. and Kurle, J. 2007. Steps to Detect and Respond to Soybean Rust. MN Crop eNews. <br /> <br /> Malvick, D. 2007.Soybean Foliar and Stem Disease Management. 2007. MN Crop eNews.<br /> <br /> Kurle, J. 2007. Soybean cyst nematode: a new challenge for agriculture in Northwestern Minnesota. MN Crop eNews.<br /> <br /> Kurle, J. Malvick, D., and Chen, S. 2007. Managing soybean cyst nematode in the Red River Valley. MN Crop eNews.<br /> <br /> Ziems, A.D., Giesler, L.J., Graef, G.L., Redinbaugh, M.G., Vacha, J.L., Berry, S.A., Madden, L.V. and Dorrance, A.E. 2007. Response of soybean cultivars to Bean pod mottle virus infection. Plant Dis. 91:719-726.<br /> <br /> Dorrance, A.E., Mills, D., Robertson, A.E., Draper, M.A., Giesler, L.J. and Tenuta, A. 2007. Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean. The Plant Health Instructor. DOI:10.1094/PHI-I-2007-0830-07.<br /> <br /> Mueller, D., Giesler, L.J., Bradely, C., Tenuta, A., Brown-Tytlewski. 2007. Soybean Rust What is Your Risk? IPM PIPE. <br /> <br /> Giesler, L.J. and Ziems, A.D. 2007. Management of Phytophthora Root and Stem Rot of Soybeans. University of Nebraska Lincoln Extension NebGuide G1785.<br /> <br /> Giesler, L.J. and Gustafson, T.C. 2007. Efficacy of fungicides applied through chemigation to soybean. 2006. F&N Tests 1:FC085.<br /> <br /> T. C. Gustafson and L. J. Giesler. 2007. Yield and economic analysis of pyraclostrobin application to soybean in the presence and absence of foliar diseases. Proceedings of the National Soybean Rust Symposium Louisville, KY.<br /> <br /> T. C. Gustafson and L. J. Giesler. 2007. Yield and economic analysis of pyraclostrobin application to soybean in the presence and absence of foliar diseases. Proceedings of the National Soybean Rust Symposium Louisville, KY.<br /> <br /> Helms, T. C., Werk, B. J., Nelson, B. D. and Deckard, E. 2007. Soybean tolerance to water-saturated soil and role of resistance to Phytophthora sojae. Crop Sci. 47: 2295-2302. <br /> <br /> Abstracts:<br /> Poromarto, S., Nelson, B. D. 2007. Soybean cyst nematode reproduction on navy, kidney and black bean. Phytopathology 97:S94. (Abstract) <br /> <br /> Poromarto, S, and Nelson, B. 2007. Soybean cyst nematode reproduction on pinto bean. Phytopathology 97:S163 (Abstract) <br /> <br /> Poromarto, S., and Nelson, B. D. 2007. Reproduction of soybean cyst nematode on dry bean cultivars. Annual Report Bean Improvement Cooperative. Volume 50. Pages 83-84.<br /> <br /> Dorrance, A.E., Mills, D., Robertson, A.E., Draper, M.A., Giesler, L. and Tenuta, A. 2007. Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean. The Plant Health Instructor. DOI 10.1094/PHI-I-2007-0830-07 (http://www.apsnet.org/education/LessonsPlantPath/PhytophthoraSojae/default.htm). <br /> <br /> Broders, K.D., Lipps, P.E., Paul, P.A. and Dorrance, A.E. 2007. Evaluation of Fusarium graminearum associated with corn and soybean seed and seedling disease in Ohio. <br /> Plant Disease 91:1155-1160.<br /> <br /> Mideros, S., Nita, M., and Dorrance, A. E. 2007. Characterization of components of partial resistance, Rps2, and root resistance to Phytophthora sojae in soybean. Phytopathology 97: 655-662.<br /> <br /> Broders, K.D., Lipps, P.E., Paul, P.A., and Dorrance, A.E. 2007. Characterization of Pythium spp. associated with corn and soybean seed and seedling disease in Ohio. Plant Disease 91:727-735.<br /> <br /> Ziems, A.D., Giesler, L.J., Graef, G.L., Redinbaugh, M.G., Vacha, J.L., Berry, S.A., Madden, L.V. and Dorrance, A.E. 2007. Response of soybean cultivars to Bean pod mottle virus invection. Plant Dis. 91:719-726.<br /> <br /> Gordon, S. G., Kowitwanich, K., Pipatpongpinyo, W., St. Martin, S. K., and Dorrance, A. E. 2007. Molecular marker analysis of soybean plant introductions with resistance to Phytophthora sojae. Phytopathology 97:113-118.<br /> <br /> Gordon, S. G., Berry, S. A., St. Martin, S. K., and Dorrance, A. E. 2007. Genetic analysis of soybean plant introductions with resistance to Phytophthora sojae. Phytopathology. 97:106-112.<br /> <br /> Fungicide/Nematicide and Biological and Cultural Tests:<br /> <br /> Berry, S.A., Mills, D.R. and Dorrance, A.E. 2007. Evaluation of seed treatment fungicides for control of Phytophthora root and stem rot in soybeans in Ohio, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports 1:ST001<br /> <br /> Mills, D.R., and Dorrance, A.E. 2007. Evaluation of Soybean fungicides for yield response and Septoria brown spot in Ohio, 2005, Plant Disease Management Reports 1:FC061<br /> <br /> Mills, D.R., Dorrance, A.E, Davis, M. and Davlin, J., 2007, Evaluation of Soybean fungicides for yield response and Septoria brown spot in Ohio, Plant Disease Management Reports 1:FC089<br /> <br /> Guzman, P.S., Diers, B.W. Neece, D.J., St Martin, S.K., LeRoy, A.R., Grau, C.R., Hughes, T.J., and Nelson, R.L.. 2007. QTL Associated with yield in three backcross-derived populations of soybean. Crop Sci. 47: 111-122<br /> <br /> Hill, J.H., Koval, N.C., Gaska, J.M., and Grau, C.R. 2007. Identification of field tolerance to Bean pod mottle and Soybean mosaic viruses in soybean. Crop Sci. 47: 212-218<br /> <br /> Mueller, E.E., and Grau, C.R. 2007. Seasonal progression, symptom development, and yield effects of Alfalfa mosaic virus epidemics on soybean in Wisconsin. Plant Dis. 91:266-272<br /> <br /> Pedersen, P., Grau, C., Cullen, E., Koval, N., and Hill, J.H. 2007. Potential for integrated management of soybean virus disease. Plant Dis. 91:1255-1259.<br /> <br /> Bernstein, E. R., Z. K. Atallah, N. C. Koval, B. D. Hudelson, and C. R. Grau. 2007. First Report of Sudden Death Syndrome of Soybean in Wisconsin. Plant Dis. 91:1201<br /> <br /> F.J. Kopisch-Obuch, Koval, N.C., Mueller, E.M., Paine, C., Grau, C.R., and Diers, B.W. 2007. Inheritance of resistance to Alfalfa mosaic virus in soybean plant introduction PI 153282. Crop Sci. Accepted for publication<br /> <br /> Abstracts<br /> <br /> Peltier, A.J., and C.R. Grau. 2007. Use of oxalic acid to characterize soybean accessions for partial resistance to Sclerotinia. Sclerotiorum. Phytopathology 97:S163.<br /> <br /> Hughes, T.J., Z.K. Attallah, and C.R. Grau. 2007. Molecular characterization of Phialophora gregata genotypes A and B in plant and soil samples. Phytopathology 97:S162.<br /> <br />

Impact Statements

1. Foster collaborative research on soybean diseases among scientists in the North Central Region including soybean breeders and entomologists
2. Evaluate impacts of new crop production technologies on soybean diseases.
3. Transfer informaiton and technology about soybean diseases to researchers, extension faculty, producers and agribusiness community.
4. Monitor new or reemerging pathogens of soybean.

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Report Information

Participants

Members in Attendance: Silvia Cianzio, Chair (IA), Carl Bradley (IL), Anne Dorrance (OH), Paul Esker (WI), Loren Giesler (NE), Doug Jardine (KS), Chris Little (KS), Dean Malvick (MN), Berlin Nelson (ND), Ed Sikora (AL), X. B. Yang (IA), Leonor Leandro (IA), David Wright (ISA/NCSRP), Jennifer Jones (USB), Diane Brown-Rytlewski (MI), Laura Sweets (MO), Kiersten Wise (IN), Angie Peltier (WI)

Members Participating Via Phone: Steve Slack, Administrative Advisor

Members Absent: Scott Abney (IN), Terry Anderson (Agriculture Canada), Thomas Chase (SD), Craig Grau (WI), James Grichar (TX), Glen Hartman (IL), Jim Kurle (MN), Steve Muensch (USB), Lawrence Osborne (SD), Charlie Rush (TX), Gene Safir (MI), Ray Schneider (LA), Jim Steadman (NE)

Brief Summary of Minutes

The Annual Meeting of NCERA137 Soybean Diseases was held at the Costa Dorada Beach Resort in Isabela, Puerto Rico, from January 25 to 27, 2009. Silvia Cianzio, Chair of NCERA137 called the meeting to order on the morning of Jan. 25. The format for the meeting included state reports on Jan. 25, field visits to the Iowa State University and Monsanto-Caribe winter nurseries on Jan. 26, and continued state reports, discussion topics, and business meeting on Jan. 27.

State reports were presented from the following states (details to follow): (i) Illinois, (ii) Indiana, (iii) Kansas, (iv) Michigan, (v) Minnesota, (vi) Missouri, (vii) Nebraska, (viii) North Dakota, (ix) Ohio, (x) Wisconsin, (xi) Alabama, and (xii) Iowa. State reports were also received from Louisiana.

Discussion topics included (details to follow): (i) David Wright, research director of ISA and NCSRP, Iowa soybean producers concerns, program direction, (ii) Jennifer Jones, research director of USB, Soybean production concerns at national level, (iii) Anne Dorrance (OH), White paper on soybean diseases research, (iv) Diane Brown-Rytlewski (MI), Development of standard ratings for foliar diseases of soybean, and (v) Leonor Leandro (IA), Soybean rust concerns: addressing research and the search for solutions in a concerted manner?

Summary of the Business Meeting: On Jan. 27, the business meeting was conducted. Paul Esker (WI) will Chair NCERA137 for the 2010 meeting. Carl Bradley (IL) was nominated by Doug Jardine (KS) as Secretary for 2010, and seconded by X. B. Yang (IA). Carl was elected unanimously for Secretary of NCERA137. Discussion ensued on a meeting location for 2010. Every third year, this group meets with the Soybean Breeders during their meeting in St. Louis. In 2010, it will again be our turn to meet with the breeders. Therefore, the group was in agreement that the NCERA137 meeting should be held around the 2010 Soybean Breeders Meeting. Furthermore, the Corn Disease Working Group (former NCDC214) and Practical Management of SCN and Other Nematodes of Regional Importance: With Special Reference to Invasion Biology (NC1035), have both expressed interest in jointly meeting with NCERA137. Possible topics for half-day sessions with these groups include the interactions of SCN with soilborne fungi and an update on fungicide activities in corn and soybean. Further discussion will continue with both groups to coordinate the timing of the joint meetings.

Steven Slack, Administrative Advisor of NCERA137 phoned into the meeting to provide a brief update as follows. The rewrite and materials that were needed for NCERA137 were received and will be reviewed by Plant Pathology Department Heads and the NC-Regional Committee at the end of March 2009. It is expected that a note regarding these reviews will be received in April 2009. As of now, Steve did not see any red flags in the materials submitted. Steve did emphasize that in future documents, pay particular attention to documenting the impacts and interactions across states. In terms of federal budgets, right now there is a continuing resolution at the federal level, but the President wants quick action on the programs. Tentatively, there may be increases of 3-5% for research and extension based on original discussions, however, there are many things in transition at the moment.

The meeting was then adjourned. NCERA137 members would especially like to thank Silvia Cianzio for making arrangements and hosting participants in Puerto Rico.

Accomplishments

State Summaries and Accomplishments:<br /> <br /> Phytophthora root rot: Phytophthora root rot continues to be problematic for soybean production in the NC-Region. In 2008, historic flooding in many states increased concern for widespread occurrence of Phytophthora root rot. Questions remain about the effectiveness of the Rps1k gene. Research continues in several states towards an improved understanding of the population dynamics of P. sojae. One collaborative project in progress between OH and MO is mapping QTLs associated with partial resistance, a project that is funded by USB and NCSRP.<br /> <br /> Charcoal rot: Although typically thought of as a disease of southern production regions, charcoal rot was significantly more widespread in 2008. Multi-state research currently is being conducted to identify new sources of resistance, to understand the interaction between disease and soil type, water, and nutrients, and also to determine the role of inoculum level in disease development.<br /> <br /> Soybean cyst nematode: SCN remains the number one yield limiting disease of soybean production in the United States. In 2008, multi-state, NCSRP-funded field research trials commenced, to examine the effect of source of resistance on the population dynamics of Heterodera glycines. As part of this project, a large outreach component was developed to improve stakeholder awareness of the effect of SCN on yield and long-term profitability?. Breeding research continues in many states to identify new sources of resistance and new field surveys are being conducted in states where SCN has historically been less common to understand the potential impact of SCN on soybean in particular and on crops other than soybean.<br /> <br /> Sudden death syndrome: While SDS occurrence is variable across the NC-region, it remains a major problem in many soybean production areas. Multiple projects are being performed across the states to look for new sources of resistance, to determine the cultural practices that can affect disease development, to determine the timing of infection, to improve the understanding of the distribution of Fusarium virguliforme within states, and also to improve understanding of the interaction between F. virguliforme and SCN. These projects include multiple multi-state collaborations funded through the NCSRP. <br /> <br /> Pythium: Research from Ohio has shown that there are 24 different Pythium spp. associated with seed and seedling infections on corn and soybean. New results also show that in fields with a history of replanting, P. irregularre and P. inflatum were most common. Increased diversity of Pythium spp. was found fields with higher levels of available calcium, CEC and organic matter.<br /> <br /> Fusarium: An improved understanding of the potential effect of Fusarium spp. on soybean production is needed. Research is currently focused on determining the diversity of Fusarium spp. in soybean fields. This is a multi-state USB-funded project. <br /> <br /> Cercospora leaf blight (CLB): There is a great need to improve our understanding of this disease in the north central region. Fundamental knowledge is lacking, such as whether field symptoms that look like CLB are indeed symptoms of the disease and whether CLB will cause yield loss in the north central soybean production regions. Research from Louisiana has indicated that late season foliar fungicides are ineffective against this disease, in part because it appears that the infection occurs during early vegetative stages. Research from Wisconsin has shown that soybean variety appears to be the more dominant factor in the risk of CLB, since an early V5 application did not affect the development of CLB.<br /> <br /> Frogeye leaf spot: New research from Ohio has documented that the causal organism, Cercospora sojina, can overwinter in parts of the NC-Region, increasing the potential for epidemics. Furthermore, in studies conducted in multiple states, the Rcs3 resistant gene appears to be performing quite well against isolates collected from the field and it is felt that breeders should pay particular attention to incorporating this gene into new cultivars.<br /> <br /> Bacterial blight: Research is currently being conducted in Illinois to determine the predominant race of bacterial isolates. The majority of isolates appear to be of race 4 and research is ongoing to identify sources of resistance.<br /> <br /> Sclerotinia stem rot: In areas where Sclerotinia stem rot remains a problem, research continues to identify sources of resistance, to examine the potential use of biocontrol agents, and to also develop forecasting models for the disease.<br /> <br /> Green stem: Research continues in some states to understand the importance of this disorder, especially to identify the etiological agent. In Louisiana, it was found that the use of RoundUp herbicide in conjunction with a strobilurin fungicide caused an increased incidence of green stem, and that there were significant interactions among water stress and varieties.<br /> <br /> Soybean rust: Continued monitoring for soybean rust continued in 2008 across the entire soybean production region, funded by the USDA/CSREES/RMA/NCSRP. There is a sense of fatigue being felt since rust has not caused yield loss in the northern regions, but there is a recognition that continued monitoring is important. In 2008, soybean rust was found in the northern states of Illinois, Kentucky, and Missouri. Led by Ohio State University, the new edition of Using Foliar Fungicides to Manage Soybean Rust was published and is available at http://oardc.osu.edu/soyrust/. All information soybean rust monitoring is available through the national website, http://www.sbrusa.net. <br /> <br /> Fungicide seed treatments: Trials have been conducted in most states to look at the effectiveness of fungicide seed treatments. To date, most results have suggested that fungicide seed treatments do not have an effect on yield, except in fields with high Phytophthora pressure and favorable conditions for infection to occur shortly after planting.<br /> <br /> Foliar fungicides: Numerous trials were conducted in all states to improve the understanding of if and when foliar fungicides will be effective for soybean production. Multiple trials were conducted in southern states with the focus on soybean rust control. Currently, data is being compiled from 16 states (132 trials) to examine the relative efficacy of main products applied at the R3 growth stage.<br /> <br /> Summary of Discussion Topics<br /> <br /> (i) USB Priorities: Current funded projects include research on SCN, Fusarium root rot, Asian soybean rust, Phytophthora sojae, Charcoal rot, and Sudden death syndrome. Emerging issues include the use of genomic tools and biotechnology to expedite breeding, new disease and insect management strategies (including genetic resources), crop tolerance to environmental stress, crop management practices to reduce production costs and protect the environment, enhancing oil and meal quality traits, and attracting and training a new generation of soybean researchers, especially those focused on breeding.<br /> <br /> (ii) ISA/NCSRP Priorities: The two groups do not necessarily have the same priorities. Currently, the breakeven point for most growers in $9.86 to $10.12 per bushel. The biggest issues currently are the rising input costs, yield, and the effects of diseases and insects on yield. Especially important for many growers is to improve the incorporation of new pathogen biology into the production environment. Right now, SCN does not seem to be on the mind of many producers, especially since the majority use a resistant soybean variety (i.e., have the perception of managing the disease). The greatest need continues to be for Universities to keep positions open for soybean research and extension. At NCSRP, there has been a change in much of the Board Membership, indicating that there may be some changes in future focus for research and extension.<br /> <br /> (iii) White Paper Discussion: The white paper was published for use in June 2007. One criticism of the paper is that there are no names attached to the document, however, it is recognized that the main sections were written by the expert for each pathogen/disease topic. Continuing the a discussion from the 2008 meeting in St. Louis: do we need a one-page cover? Given the increase in use of foliar fungicides, the group felt it was important to expand the section on foliar diseases. Another question that was discussed was if we needed to prioritize topics, especially to improve material on the basic biology for many of the pathosystems?<br /> <br /> (iv) Standard Methods for Rating Foliar Diseases: Discussion focused on how to adapt our ratings to provide a practical application for growers. Different examples were illustrated and the group agreed to share their different rating systems. This information will be compiled and provided to consultants. Main questions that require further discussion include: how best to standardize ratings, whether rating scales should be used, and how to assess the entire plant canopy.<br /> <br /> (v) Soybean Rust Concerns: Since the discovery of soybean rust in 2004, there has been a massive effort to both monitor and conduct research on soybean rust. Has the effort been well received? Based on surveys from Iowa, 98.5% of surveyed participants (mostly industry and consultants) keep track of rust and use multiple sources like University Extension, ipmPIPE, and other sources. Fifty three percent of survey participants have found the ipmPIPE very useful and 47% have found it somewhat useful. Over half (53%) have used the ipmPIPE to make decisions to not apply a foliar fungicide and most appear concerned of the potential impacts of discontinuing funding and the ipmPIPE. Many questions still remain regarding the efficacy of foliar fungicides, detection methods like ELISA, PCR, QT-PCR, the use of resistance (including single gene and partial), and pathogen biology and genetic variation.

Publications

Del Ponte, E. M., and Esker, P. D. 2008. Meteorological factors and Asian soybean rust epidemics  A systems approach and implications for risk assessment. Scientia Agricola 65:88-97.<br /> <br /> Kopisch-Obuch, F. J., Koval, N.C., Mueller, E.M., Paine, C., Grau, C.R., and Diers, B.W. 2008. Inheritance of resistance to Alfalfa mosaic virus in soybean plant introduction PI 153282. Crop Sci. 48:933-940<br /> <br /> Peltier, A.J., and Grau, C.R. 2008. The influence of light on relationships between Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean in field and controlled environments. Plant Dis. 92:1510-1514.<br /> <br /> Peltier, A.J, and Grau, C.R. 2009. Soybean stem lignin concentration relates to resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Plant Dis. 93:149-154.<br /> <br /> Brooker, N., Lord, J.R., Long, J., and Jayawardhana. 2008. AFLP analysis of genetic diversity in charcoal rot fungal populations impacted by crop rotations. Comm. Appl. Biol. Sci., Ghent University, 43:11.<br /> <br /> Jardine, D.J. and Maddux L. 2008. Effect of seed treatment fungicides on stand, charcoal rot suppression and yield in soybeans, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report No. 2:ST007.<br /> <br /> Bienapfl, J.C. Percich, J.A., and Malvick. D.K. 2008. Identification and evaluation of Fusarium species associated with root disease of soybean in Minnesota. National APS Meeting in Minneapolis, MN, 2008. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 98:S22.<br /> <br /> Impullitti, A.E. and Malvick, D.K. 2008. Microscopic characterization of the pathogenic phase of Phialophora gregata in soybean stems. National APS Meeting in Minneapolis, MN, 2008. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 98:S71.<br /> <br /> Jia, HY, and Kurle, JE. 2008 Resistance and partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae in early maturity group soybean plant introductions. Euphytica 159:27-34.<br /> <br /> Kolander. T., Kurle J., and Malvick, D. 2008. Can rotational crops, weeds, and native plants support Fusarium virguliforme populations in the absence of soybeans? National APS Meeting in Minneapolis, MN, 2008. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 98:S84.<br /> <br /> Kurle, J., Krupa, S., Malvick, D., and. Floyd, C. Soybean Rust: Its history, biology, epidemiology and importance to crop production. (Abstr.) National Atmospheric Deposition Program. October 2008. Madison, WI.<br /> <br /> Malvick, D.K. and Grunden, E. 2008. Infection of resistant and susceptible soybean cultivars by two genotypes of the brown stem rot pathogen Phialophora gregata in field environments. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology (Dec. 2008 issue).<br /> <br /> Malvick, D. and Bussey, K. 2008. Comparative analysis and characterization of the soybean sudden death syndrome pathogen Fusarium virguliforme in the northern U.S. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 30:467-476.<br /> <br /> Malvick, D. Floyd, C., Krupa, S., and Kurle. J. 2008. Monitoring atmospheric transport of soybean rust spores into Minnesota. National APS Meeting in Minneapolis, MN, 2008. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 98:S97.<br /> <br /> Meyer, P.W., Colburn, J.L., and Kurle, J.E. Soybean root colonization by two Fusarium species is determined by soil moisture. APS Annual Meeting. Minneapolis, MN. July 2008. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 98:S105.<br /> <br /> Potter, B. and Malvick, D. 2008. Fungicide trials for suppression of foliar and stem diseases of soybean in southern Minnesota. Plant Disease Mgmt. Reports V2.<br /> <br /> Sun, M., Chen, S., and Kurle, J. 2008. Interactive effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, soybean cyst nematode, and soil pH on iron-deficiency chlorosis and growth of soybean. APS Annual Meeting. Minneapolis, MN. July 2008. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 98:S154.<br /> <br /> Sikora, E. and D. Hershman. 2008. Soybean Rust In Review: 2004-2007. In Using Foliar Fungicides to Manage Soybean Rust. Dorrance, A. E., Draper, M. A., and Hershman, D. E., eds. 2008. NC-504 Land Grant Universities Cooperating. Bulletin SR-2008.<br /> <br /> Schneider, R., Sikora, E., Padgett, B., and Sciumbato, G.. Managing Late-Season Soybean Diseases and Soybean Rust: A Southern Perspective. In Using Foliar Fungicides to Manage Soybean Rust. Dorrance, A. E., Draper, M. A., and Hershman, D. E., eds. 2008. NC-504 Land Grant Universities Cooperating. Bulletin SR-2008.<br /> <br /> Sikora, E. J., Delaney, D., and Delaney, M. 2008. Developing an innovative team approach to address a newly introduced disease of soybeans in the United States. Journal of Extension (in press).<br /> <br /> Sikora, E.J., Lawrence, K.S., Delaney, M.A., Delaney D.P., and Pegues, M. Evaluation of fungicides for control of Asian soybean rust and target spot in Alabama, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports 2:FC109.<br /> <br /> Sikora, E. J., Lawrence, K.S., Delaney, M.A., Delaney D.P., and Pegues, M. Evaluation of Tebuzol to control Asian soybean rust and target spot in Alabama, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports 2:FC110.<br /> <br /> Sikora, E. J., Lawrence, K.S., Delaney, M.A., Delaney D.P., and Pegues, M. Evaluation of fungicide spray programs for Asian soybean rust, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports 2:FC111.<br /> <br /> Sikora, E. J., Lawrence, K.S., Delaney, M.A., Delaney D.P., and Pegues, M. Evaluation of Topguard fungicide at various rates for Asian soybean rust management and target spot in Alabama, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports 2:FC112.<br /> <br /> Sikora, E. J., Lawrence, K.S., Delaney, M.A., Delaney D.P., and Pegues, M. Evaluation of Topguard fungicide at various rates for Asian soybean rust management in Alabama, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports Plant Disease Management Reports 2:FC113.<br /> <br /> Sikora, E.J., Delaney, D.P., Delaney, M.A., Lawrence, K.S., and Pegues, M. Evaluation of TOPGUARD for control of Asian soybean rust in Alabama. Proceedings of the APS Meeting, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 2008. <br /> <br /> Sikora, E.J., Delaney, D.P., Delaney, M.A., Lawrence, K.S., and Pegues, M. Control of Asian soybean rust using sequential fungicide applications. Proceedings of the APS Meeting, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 2008. <br /> <br /> Lawrence, K.S., Sikora, E. J., Delaney, D.P., and Pegues, M. 2008. Evaluation of LEM17, Punch, and Headline for soybean rust management and yield in Alabama, 2007. Plant Disease management Reports 2FC052.<br /> <br /> Lawrence, K.S., Sikora, E. J., Delaney, D.P., and Pegues, M. 2008. Evaluation of Topsin, Headline, Tebuzol and ACT Plus on soybean rust and yield in Alabama, 2007. Plant Disease management Reports 2FC053.<br /> <br /> Baysal-Gurel, F., Ivey, M.L.L., Dorrance, A., Luster, D., Frederick, R., Czarnecki, J., Boehm, M. and Miller, S.A. 2008. An immunofluorescence assay to detect urediniospores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Plant Disease 92: 1387-1386.<br /> <br /> Guo, X., Wang, D., Gordon, S.G., Helliwell, E., Smith, T., Berry, S., St.Martin, S.K., and Dorrance, A.E. 2008. Genetic mapping of QTLs underlying partial resistance to Sclerotinia sclertotiorum in soybean PI 391589A and PI 391589B. Crop Sci. 48: 1129-1139.<br /> <br /> Dorrance, A.E., Berry, S.A., Anderson, T.R., and Meharg, C. 2008. Isolation, storage, pathotype characterization and evaluation of resistance for Phytophthora sojae in soybean. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2008-0118-01-DG.<br /> <br /> Mian, M.A., Cooper, R.L. and Dorrance, A.E. 2008. Registration of Strong-Rps1k Soybean Germplasm. Journal of Plant Registrations. 2:143-145.<br /> <br /> St. Martin, S.K., Feller, M.K., McIntyre, S.A., Fioritto, R.J., Dorrance, A.E., Berry, S.A., and Sneller, C.H. 2008. Registration of Dennison soybean. Journal of Plant Registrations 2:21. <br /> <br /> Watson, S.R., Giesler, L.J., Ziems, A.D., and Brovont, T.E. 2008. First Report of Soybean Rust Caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi in Nebraska. Plant Dis. 92:1588.<br /> <br /> Giesler, L. J. and Gustafson, T. C. 2008. Foliar Fungicide Use in Soybean. University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension. G1862.<br /> <br /> Giesler, L. J. and Ziems, A. D. 2008. Management of Phytophthora Root and Stem Rot of Soybeans. University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension. G1785.<br /> <br /> Giesler, L. J., Gustafson, T. C., Jackson, T. A., Harveson, R. M. and Wegulo, S. N. 2008. Safe Use of Foliar Fungicides to Manage Crop Diseases. University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension. G1854.<br /> <br /> Giesler, L.J. and Gustafson, T.C. 2008. Fungicide efficacy and leaf retention in soybeans, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports 2:FC026.<br /> <br /> Giesler, L.J. and Gustafson, T.C. 2008. Fungicide efficacy on brown spot in soybeans, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports 2:FC001.<br /> <br /> Giesler, L.J. and Gustafson, T.C. 2008. In-Furrow application of Headline during soybean planting, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports 2:FC016.<br /> <br /> Giesler, L.J. and Gustafson, T.C. 2008. Efficacy of seed treatment fungicides on soybean stand and yield, 2007. Plant Disease Management Reports 2:ST008.<br /> <br /> Zeng, W., Kirk, W., Hammerschmidt, R., and Hao. J. 2008. Control of white mold in soybean with biocontrol agents. Phytopathology 98:S179.<br /> <br /> Sweets, L.E., J. Allen Wrather, J.A. and Simeon Wright, S. 2008. Soybean Diseases. University of Missouri Extension. IPM Bulletin 1002, 28 pages.<br /> <br /> Bradley, Kevin, et al. 2008. 2009 Missouri Pest Management Guidelines: Corn, Sorghum Soybean and Winter Wheat. University of Missouri Extension. MU Guide177, 141 pages. <br /> Nelson, B. D., Mallik, I., McEwen, D., and Christianson, T. 2008. Pathotypes, distribution, and metalaxyl sensitivity of Phytophthora sojae from North Dakota. Plant Dis. 92:1026-1066. <br /> <br /> Helms, T.C., Nelson, B. D., and Goos, R. J. 2008. Registration of 'Sheyenne' soybean. J. Plant Registrations 2:20. doi:10.3198/jpr2007.03.0146crc<br /> <br /> Nelson, B. D. 2008. Pre-emergence damping-off of soybean caused by Fusarium solani. Phytopathology 98:S113 (Abstract)<br /> <br /> Poromarto, S. and Nelson, B. 2008. Effects of soybean cyst nematode on growth of dry bean. Phytopathology 98:S126. (Abstract) <br /> <br /> Nelson, B. D. and Goswami, R. S. 2008. Soybean Cyst Nematode: a potential threat to dry beans. Northarvest Bean Grower Vol. 14 Issue 4. Pages 9-10.

Impact Statements

1. Since the discovery soybean rust in the U.S. in 2004, there has been an unprecedented national response to this disease. The success of the ipmPIPE can be illustrated through recent surveys indicating that most surveyed participants find this website very useful and are greatly concerned that funding would be cut such that the website would not be able to continue. Furthermore, the link between research and extension continues to provide timely information that has been used to make better management decisions, especially for the use of foliar fungicides. This has also led to the publication of Using Foliar Fungicides to Manage Soybean Rust that has been available since 2008.
2. Soybean cyst nematode continues to be the number one threat to soybean production in the United States. Furthermore, there is growing recognition that many stakeholders do not have SCN as their primary concern for production. In 2008, a multi-state project commenced to examine the effect of different sources of resistance on SCN populations. Results from year one are currently being compiled and analyzed. A second year for this project has been proposed. Another component of this project is a large outreach effort to reinvigorate stakeholders regarding the importance of sampling and testing for SCN, and managing this disease through resistance and rotation.
3. Sudden death syndrome remains a threat to soybean production in many states. There is a large cooperative effort to improve screening for sources of resistance and greenhouse and field screening methods. Results from this research will greatly improve the management of SDS.
4. Interactions between soilborne pathogens are a critical component to improved soybean yields. Interactions between organisms like SCN and soilborne fungi can have a great impact on production. Currently, there is a large amount of research across the region to examine interactions between nematodes and fungi and also fungal-fungal interactions. There is recognition that we need to continue to improve of our understanding of the impact of Fusarium spp. on soybean in much of the region and multi-state projects to study these organisms are ongoing.
5. There is an increased concern that foliar fungicide use across the major field crops may have a long-term detrimental impact on field crop production and the environment. Research is continuing to combine data from different fungicide trials in order to improve the understanding of the risk factors that may contribute to the need for a foliar fungicide in soybean. Many members of this committee have also expressed concerned with the approved Plant Health label for some foliar fungicides and further discussion is warranted on this topic.

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