NC1100: A Systems Perspective to Community Resilience: Rural healthcare at the intersection of households and businesses

(Multistate Research Project)

Status: Active

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SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[03/07/2023] [12/04/2023] [11/04/2024] [12/12/2025]

Date of Annual Report: 03/07/2023

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 03/07/2023 - 03/07/2023
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2021 - 12/31/2022

Participants

Zuzana Bednarikova (Purdue), Bhagyashree Katare (Purdue), John Mann (Michigan State), Maria Marshall (Purdue), Mark Skidmore (Michigan State), Renee Wiatt (Purdue), Michael Wilcox (Purdue)

Brief Summary of Minutes

Brief Summary of Minutes: NC1100 held a virtual meeting of participants to discuss objectives and collaboration. We discussed how to recruit more members to join NC1100.

Accomplishments

We developed a survey, NCR-Stat: Baseline, focused on households and collected data in Spring of 2022. NCR-Stat was made publicly available in November 2022. The survey had questions regarding entrepreneurship (business owning household and non-business owning households), health status and health care, substance misuse and use disorder, quality of life, satisfaction, and wellbeing.  <a href="https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/data-resources/ncr-stat/">https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/data-resources/ncr-stat/</a> We are developing a survey focused on solely on small businesses in the North Central Region to identify the strategies used by small rural businesses to maintain and develop a skilled and healthy labor force and assess the effect of workforce wellness programs on firm outcomes such as employee retention and profitability. Data for the NCR-Stat: Small Business will be collected in Summer 2023 and will be publicly available no later than February 2024.    We disseminated work from across the NCR through the NCRCRD webinar series. Seven of our webinars focused on rural entrepreneurs, health, and workforce development.

Publications

Publications by NCRCRD   Bednarikova, Z. (2021). Mental health during pandemic. <a href="https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/2021/06/30/mental-health-during-pandemic/">https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/2021/06/30/mental-health-during-pandemic/</a> Bednarikova, Z. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 on the women’s unemployment rate in the North Central Region. <a href="https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/2022/05/20/impact-of-covid-19-on-the-womens-unemployment-rate-in-the-north-central-region/">https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/2022/05/20/impact-of-covid-19-on-the-womens-unemployment-rate-in-the-north-central-region/</a>   Bednarikova, Z. (2022). NCR:Stat: Household health status in the North Central Region. <a href="https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/2022/09/19/household-health-status-in-the-north-central-regio/">https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/2022/09/19/household-health-status-in-the-north-central-regio/</a>   Bednarikova, Z. (2022). Health insurance and health coverage plans in the North Central Region.<a href="https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/2022/11/04/health-insurance-and-health-coverage-plans-in-the-north-central-region/">https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/2022/11/04/health-insurance-and-health-coverage-plans-in-the-north-central-region/</a>   Wiatt, R. (2022). Exploring health insurance coverage in the North Central Region at the intersection of location, employment, gender, race, and ethnicity. <a href="https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/2022/12/05/exploring-health-insurance-coverage-in-the-north-central-region-at-the-intersection-of-location-employment-gender-race-and-ethnicity/">https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/2022/12/05/exploring-health-insurance-coverage-in-the-north-central-region-at-the-intersection-of-location-employment-gender-race-and-ethnicity/</a>

Impact Statements

There is a lack of data that allows researchers to study rural households across the North Central Region; in particular, data that provides information on economics, health, housing, and social behavior. Making NCR-Stat open access and available decreases the barriers for institutions to study regional changes and trends and conduct comparative research. Moreover, regional data collection encourages collaboration between research and Extension and high- and low-resource institutions across the region. NCRCRD facilitates regional collaboration for: survey development, data collection methods, data analysis that leads to publications, and educational curricula. The regional dataset will also enhance collaboration between high- and low-resource institutions across the region. We also publish data snapshots that allow individuals to learn about the NCR without having to download the data.

Date of Annual Report: 12/04/2023

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 08/31/2023 - 08/31/2023
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2021 - 12/31/2022

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

Please see attached file below for NC1100's 2021/2022 annual report.

Minutes Attachment:

Annual Report 2022-2023.pdf

Accomplishments

Publications

Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 11/04/2024

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 10/04/2024 - 10/04/2024
Period the Report Covers: 09/01/2023 - 09/30/2024

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

We developed a survey, NCR-Stat: Small Business, focused on small businesses in the NCR. Beyond our group, we collaborated with members of NC1030 to review the survey and provide additional questions. We also sent the survey to other experts across the region. The survey is focused identifying the strategies used by small rural businesses to maintain and develop a skilled and healthy labor force and assess the effect of workforce wellness programs on firm outcomes such as employee retention and profitability. Data for the NCR-Stat: Small Business will be collected in December 2023-January 2024 and will be publicly available no later than April 2024.    We used data from the NCR-Stat: Baseline survey to write data snapshots and white papers focused on rural households in the NCR that can be found here <a href="https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/newsroom/story-behind-the-numbers/">https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/newsroom/story-behind-the-numbers/</a>.  The survey had questions regarding entrepreneurship (business owning household and non-business owning households), health status and health care, substance misuse and use disorder, quality of life, satisfaction, and wellbeing.  <a href="https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/data-resources/ncr-stat/">https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/data-resources/ncr-stat/</a> We disseminated work from across the NCR through the NCRCRD webinar series which can be found at <a href="https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/webinars/">https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/webinars/</a>.

Publications

Carrillo-Siller, I. (2023, June 6). How COVID-19 Changed Workforce Participation Preferences in the North Central Region. North Central Regional Center for Rural Development. <a href="https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/2023/09/18/how-covid-changed-workforce-preferences/">https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/2023/09/18/how-covid-changed-workforce-preferences/</a> Armesto Gómez, A. (2023, September 18). Unraveling Local Living: A Peek into the Diverse Preferences of Family Households with and without Children. North Central Regional Center for Rural Development. <a href="https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/2023/09/18/unraveling-local-living/">https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/2023/09/18/unraveling-local-living/</a> Chowdhury, A. (2023, June 6). How Often do North Central Region Households Run Out of Food? North Central Regional Center for Rural Development. <a href="https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/2023/06/05/how-often-do-households-in-the-north-central-region-run-out-of-food/">https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/2023/06/05/how-often-do-households-in-the-north-central-region-run-out-of-food/</a> Carrillo-Siller, I. (2023, June 6). Perception of Equal Employment Opportunities in Communities of the North Central Region. North Central Regional Center for Rural Development. <a href="https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/2023/06/02/perception-of-equal-employment-opportunities-in-communities-of-the-north-central-region/">https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/2023/06/02/perception-of-equal-employment-opportunities-in-communities-of-the-north-central-region/</a> Bednarik, Z. (2023, April 17). How Happy Are People in the North Central Region? North Central Regional Center for Rural Development. <a href="https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/2023/04/17/how-happy-are-people-in-the-north-central-region/">https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/2023/04/17/how-happy-are-people-in-the-north-central-region/</a> Bednarik, Z. (2023, February 22). Community Awareness of Substance Use Disorder Programs in the North Central Region. North Central Regional Center for Rural Development. <a href="https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/2023/02/22/community-awareness-of-substance-use-disorder-programs-in-the-north-central-region/">https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/2023/02/22/community-awareness-of-substance-use-disorder-programs-in-the-north-central-region/</a> Bednarik, Z. and Wiatt, R. D. (2023, January 12). Who Cannot Afford to Pay Medical Bills in the North Central Region? North Central Regional Center for Rural Development. <a href="https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/2023/01/12/who-cannot-afford-to-pay-medical-bills-in-the-north-central-region/">https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/2023/01/12/who-cannot-afford-to-pay-medical-bills-in-the-north-central-region/</a>   Webinars An Introduction to NCR-Stat – the Free Household Dataset (12/7/22) Presenters: Maria I. Marshall, Director, North Central Regional Center for Rural Development (NCRCRD); Professor and James and Lois Ackerman Endowed Chair in Agricultural Economics, Purdue University and Zuzana Bednarikova, Research and Extension Specialist, NCRCRD  Supporting Rural Grocery Stores Across the North Central Region (11/7/22) Presenters: Lisa Bates, Interim Assistant Director and Field Specialist, Iowa State University Extension and Outreach Community and Economic Development; Greg Schweser, Director of Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems, UMN Extension Regional Sustainable Development Partnerships; and Rial Carver, Program Leader, Rural Grocery Initiative, K-State Research and Extension Health Care Access Among Self-Employed Workers in Nonmetropolitan Counties (10/12/22) Presenters: Elizabeth Dobis, Research Agricultural Economist, Rural Economy Branch, Resource and Rural Economics Division, USDA Economic Research Service and Jessica E. Todd, Agricultural Economist, Food Assistance Branch, Food Economics Division, USDA Economic Research Service Federal Programs for Rural Entrepreneurs in the North Central Region (9/22/22) Presenters: Alan Haut, North Dakota District Director, U.S. Small Business Administration; Randy Monhemius, Business Program Specialist, USDA- Rural Development, Ohio; Eric Ness, Wisconsin District Director, U.S. Small Business Administration; and Joan Scheel, Business Programs Director, USDA – Rural Development, Nebraska How We Work Together: Supporting Local/Regional Food Systems through Collaboration (8/30/22) Presenter: Lindsey Scalera, Community Food Systems Collaboration Specialist, Center for Regional Food Systems, Michigan State University Moving Rural Communities FORWARD: Future Opportunities for Rural Workforce and Rural Development through Extension (5/24/22) Presenters: Tanya Hall, Community Development Regional Extension Educator, Purdue University; Sheila Martin, Strategic Advisor for Economic and Community Engagement, Association of Public and Land-grant Universities; and Michael D. Wilcox, Jr., Assistant Director & Program Leader for Community Development-Purdue Extension, Associate Director-North Central Regional Center for Rural Development (NCRCRD), Community & Regional Economics Specialist-Purdue University Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Senior Associate-Purdue Center for Regional Development

Impact Statements

There is a lack of data that allows researchers to study rural households across the North Central Region; in particular, data that provides information on economics, health, housing, and social behavior. Making NCR-Stat open access and available decreases the barriers for institutions to study regional changes and trends and conduct comparative research. Moreover, regional data collection encourages collaboration between research and Extension and high- and low-resource institutions across the region. NCRCRD facilitates regional collaboration for: survey development, data collection methods, data analysis that leads to publications, and educational curricula. The regional datasets [NCR-Stat: Baseline and NCR-Stat: Small Business] enhance collaboration between institutions across the region. We also publish data snapshots that allow individuals to learn about the NCR without having to download the data. More importantly, we provided opportunities for graduate students to work with large datasets and author outreach articles.

Date of Annual Report: 12/12/2025

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 11/19/2025 - 11/19/2025
Period the Report Covers: 10/04/2025 - 11/19/2025

Participants

Zuzana Bednarik, Purdue University
Kathryn Boys, North Caroline State University
Wookjae Heo, Purdue University
Cynthia Jasper, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Jae Min Lee, Minnesota State University, Mankato
Bhagyashree Katare, Purdue University
Maria Marshall, Purdue University
Renee Wiatt, Purdue University
Michael Wilcox, Purdue University

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

We used data from the NCR-Stat: Small Business Survey write data snapshots and white papers focused rural small businesses in the NCR that can be found here <a href="https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/ncr-stat/ncr-stat-small-business-survey/">https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/ncr-stat/ncr-stat-small-business-survey/</a>. The survey focuses on the intersection of small businesses, benefits, and rural health. The dataset contains information on small business owners, copreneurs, small business benefits, recovery friendly workplaces, workforce development, trust and community, adjustment strategies, socioemotional wealth, financials, and business owners’ households. We also worked with the Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development to expand the caregiving survey to the northeast region. Thus, allowing for cross regional data collection. The Caregiving survey is available in the NCR and the NER with survey responses for 9,012 households. That data are open access and can be found at <a href="https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/ncr-stat/ncr-stat-caregiving-survey/">https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/ncr-stat/ncr-stat-caregiving-survey/</a>. In collaboration with the NERCRD we presented at academic conferences and have published a journal article focused on rural caregivers. We developed and collected data for NCR-Stat: Baseline 2024 which was made public in 2025. The survey was developed in collaboration with the other three regional rural development centers, making it a national survey with over 16,000 households surveyed. The survey explores topics related to household, business (farm and nonfarm), and community wellbeing. It is the second regional baseline survey focused on the NCR allowing for time-series analysis. Building on the 2022 survey, the NCR-Stat: Baseline 2024 survey features both adapted and expanded questions, introducing new topics like moving and staying behaviors and the recreation economy. The new questions on the recreational economy were developed in collaboration with the National Extension Tourism Network and resulted in an Outdoor Recreation Dashboard created by the University of Minnesota Tourism Center. We have also disseminated work from across the NCR through the NCRCRD webinar series which can be found at <a href="https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/webinars/">https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/webinars/</a>.

Publications

Publications Wiatt, R., M.I. Marshall, and Y.G. Lee. 2024. Love of Work or Love and Work: Does Small Business Owners Compulsion to Work Payoff? Journal of Family and Economic Issues. 45(4): 925-938. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-024-09949-9">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-024-09949-9</a> Malone, Jr., D. (2025, July). Partners in Business, Partners in Life: A Snapshot of Couple Businesses in the North Central Region. North Central Regional Center for Rural Development. <a href="https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.359031">https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.359031</a> Wiatt, R. D. (2025, July). Trends for Rural Small Businesses in the North Central Region: Owner and Small Business Demographics. North Central Regional Center for Rural Development. <a href="https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.3592223">https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.3592223</a> Bednarik, Z., and Unay‐Gailhard, İ. (2025). Who Stays in Rural Areas? Understanding Gender Differences in Location Decisions Among Millennials in the United States. Population, Space and Place: Volume 31 (Issue 6). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.70076">https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.70076</a> Pojman, E., Becot, F., Bednarik, Z. and Henning-Smith, C. (2025). Does Caregiver Well-Being Differ by Rurality and State Policy Environment? Identifying a Well-Being Typology for Rural, Suburban, and Urban Caregivers. Rural Sociology 9 (3). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.70015">https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.70015</a> Yeganeh, A., M. Marshall, and N. Durst. 2025. Aerial Imagery-Derived Dataset of Manufactured Housing Communities in the North Central United States. Scientific Data, 12, 1515. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05875-z">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05875-z</a> Webinars Bednarik, Z., Marshall, M., & Green, J. (2025, May 9).  Regional Pulse: Insights from the 2024 multi-region household surveys [Webinar]. North Central Regional Center for Rural Development. University of Minnesota Tourism Center. (2025). Outdoor Recreation Dashboard. University of Minnesota Extension. <a href="https://prayash106.shinyapps.io/dashboard/">https://prayash106.shinyapps.io/dashboard/</a> Conference Presentations Bednarik, Z. (2025, June 10). NCR-Stat: Datasets: Empowering Cross-Regional Research and Extension in Community Development. [Conference presentation]. National Association of Community Development Extension Professionals 2025 Annual Conference, Charleston, WV. Pojman, E., Becot, F., Bednarik, Z., and Henning-Smith, C. (2025) Does caregiver well-being differ by rurality and state policy environment? Identifying a well-being typology for rural, suburban, and urban caregivers. [Conference presentation]. Rural Sociology Society Meeting. Salt Lake City, UT. Southard, E. and Becot, F. (2025) Caregiving Along the Life Course Among Farming Households. [Conference presentation]. Rural Sociological Society Meeting. Salt Lake City, UT. Mukembo, S.C., Nabisaalu, J.K., and Marshall, M.I. Trust and community embeddedness: Entrepreneur’s wellbeing as a pathway to small business financial performance in the North Central Region of the United States. [Conference presentation]. USASBE 2025. Marshall, M.I., R.D. Wiatt, and Y.G. Lee. Planning to Exit: A Cross-Racial Analysis of Small Business Owner Decision-Making. [Conference presentation]. SBI, New Orleans April 2025

Impact Statements

There is a lack of data that allows researchers to study rural households across the North Central Region; in particular, data that provides information on economics, health, housing, and social behavior. There is also a lack of data on rural small businesses, the benefits they provide and the wellbeing of small business owners. Making NCR-Stat open access and available decreases the barriers for institutions to study regional changes and trends and conduct comparative research. Moreover, regional data collection encourages collaboration between research and Extension and high- and low-resource institutions across the region. NC1100 via the NCRCRD network has facilitated regional collaboration with members of the other Regional Rural Development Centers, NC1030, NC2172, and the National Extension Tourism Network for survey development. NCRCRD collected the data and made the data open access. The aim is to increase research publications and research-based Extension curricula. The NCR-Stat database now includes the NCR-Stat: Baseline 2022 and 2024, NCR-Stat: Caregiving, and NCR-Stat: Small Business datasets. This database enhances collaboration between institutions across the region and nationally. We also publish data snapshots that allow individuals to learn about the NCR without having to download the data. More importantly, we provided opportunities for graduate students to work with large datasets and author outreach articles. Four M.S. graduate students wrote theses using the datasets. The datasets are being used in both undergraduate and graduate classes. Both graduate and undergraduate students have published short research articles and published theses using the data. The data have been viewed 5232 times and have 774 downloads. We also collaborated with the Southern Rural Development Center, the Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development, and the Western Rural Development Center to expand the 2024 baseline survey into a national survey. That data for all four regions (NCR-Stat, NER-Stat, SR-Stat, and WR-Stat) were made available open access starting in May 2025 and can be found at https://ncrcrd.ag.purdue.edu/ncr-stat/. The data have 3,922 views and 648 downloads.