NC246: Ecology and Management of Arthropods in Corn

(Multistate Research Project)

Status: Active

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SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[02/04/2021] [03/18/2022] [03/21/2023] [03/12/2024]

Date of Annual Report: 02/04/2021

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 01/25/2021 - 01/26/2021
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2020 - 12/31/2020

Participants

Participants Attachment:

Participants.docx

Brief Summary of Minutes

Monday, January 25: State Reports

1:00pm Introductory Topics

Welcome: Dominic Reisig

Dewayne Hyatt: how to use Teams

John Ruberson, NC Multistate Advisors update – next renewal should have emphasis on multi-state collaborations.

1:15 State by state reports – conducted in alphabetical order – refer to submitted reports for more detail:

AL: Katelyn Kesheimer – highest acreage in 10 years. CEW low in timely planted corn. Isolated sugarcane beetles, snails

DE: David Owens – slugs main pest, WCRW, ECB

FL: Silvana Paula-Morales – Hurricane Sally ruined FAW research. No armigera detected. Fewer snails than previous years, research/collections of snails interrupted by hurricane

GA: David Buntin – COVID delays. Over 90% of planted corn in Bt (almost all 2 gene), 58% cotton planted was 3 gene. FAW high in late planted, CEW low unless late planted, revised stink bug thresholds. No damage on VIP.

IL: Joe Spencer and Nick Seiter –COVID delays. 8” of rain impacted CRW populations. Hail in July further damaged research. Annual research booklet. Bioassays on populations collected in state; rise in survival of WCRW on Cry3 traits:
- Highest survival on 34/35 this year (50%)
- Herculex rootworm trait - some wear
- Rootworms in Dekalb – resistance to Cry 3
  - greater resistance to 34/35
  - More reports of problems with pyramided traits
- IN: Christian Krupke –similar to Illinois. Continued CRW refuge work - finish marking refuge beetles and varying refuge scenarios (5% in a bag, 20% RIB) don’t have all data.
- IA: Brad Coates – CRW genome complete. by Tom on CEW sampling patterns in NE US. chemical insecticide resistance using fruit fly as a model:
  - microRNAs are highly involved in detoxification
  - downstream within a regulatory pathway
- KY: Raul Villanueva –CEW pressure similar to 2019, few ECB, stink bugs western KY at threshold. BMSB in western KY
- LA: Fangneng Huang – CEW normal, VIP performed well, multiple larvae per ear on Cry traits. VIP was good in cotton. Other pests included FAW, stink bugs; no stalk borer problems. No cross resistance to VIP
- MD: Kelly Hamby – corn acreage down 1%. Low WBC in traps, no FAW, CEW varied by location. True armyworm and cutworm damage early in year. Slug pressure varied by location (0-12 /trap) but overall worst pest. Used Kelly Tillmon’s students’ trap with soap/water and shingles. Collaborative projects with Galen Dively, Megan Fritz (genomic approach to ID Bt resistance). Galen Dively – 1^st flush of CEW larger than normal
- MI: Chris DiFonzo – Asiatic garden beetle work prevented due to COVID restrictions. One location of sentinel sweet corn Trapping for Great Lakes Maritime network
- MN: Bill Hutchinson – good yields. Bruce Potter – CRW trapping sampling methods and discussion. virtual field days (Corn Bt rootworm trial) on YouTube link in state report. Carrie Deans, post doc; quantitative estimates of BT protein in kernels in RIB ears:
  - Most of non-Bt kernels had 40-50% of expected dose

Areawide corn borer survey in MN and WI: historically low corn borers. Hot spots where organic field corn growers plant non Bt to save money

Ken Ostlie – rootworm populations did well in MN; saw an increase. Ratio high for northern corn rootworm. Increased reports for pyramids (Chrome and Smart Stax)

MS: Angus Catchot – No major pests other than CEW and the soil insect complex. Half million acres of corn; 180 bu/a. Lots of dryland

MO: Bruce Hibbard discussed CRW research and continued development of artificial diet. Curently dry diet. Should have artificial diet for WCRW in 96 well plates. Continue work on NCRW to make commercially available. No rootworm scientist at the USDA ARS South Dakota; RW rearing is status quo but still ongoing and no timeframe when it will stop

NE: Thomas Hunt – WCRW pops moderately high, NCRW pops low. Efficacy of Bt hybrids is in decline; more insecticides being used, some areas it is common. Looking at the biological value of these tactics to control CRW. Some WBC, spider mites. Continued cover crop studies. No studies showed any detectable pest pressure. Pitfall traps found significant levels of spider activity that appear to be correlated with cover crop biomass. One isolated report of wheat stem maggot; low pressure, COVID issues.

NC: Dominic Reisig – stink bugs, both green and brown problematic, isolated southern corn billbug (more and more resistant to clothianidin), CEW pressure widespread, Vip holding strong. More growers are hiring scouts for corn. Collaborative work with VT; lowered threshold in pre-tassel time frame. NC State and Clemson to investigate overwintering habitat types for stink bugs. seed quality issues in soybeans, using determinate varieties- green island late in the year and attract stink bugs

NY: Elson Shields –In northern New York waiting for other shoe to drop with mycotoxins. Many dairy farmers are ignoring WBC although they are present, had some good flights. Seed corn maggot – seeing more problems, related to reduced seed treatments

3:00- 3:15 Break

3:15 EPA Update

Kara Welsh from EPA provided update of the Lepidopteran refuge agreement. Timeline – new administration will cause some delays (new political appointees), possibly some changes related to new administration, although not anticipated. They are reviewing diverse and detailed comments (42 with 2 duplicates and quite substantive) now and next will enter negotiation period with ABSTC and this will likely take the next year. Discussion on Sentinel plots – conventional planting time to get realistic results vs. late planted to provide a better early warning system. Field corn vs. sweet corn. Need to clarify how to confirm resistance. Discussion followed.

3:45 State by state reports cont. – conducted in alphabetical order– refer to submitted reports for greater detail:

ND: Janet Knodel. Continued/increased CEW monitoring network, higher trap catches in hardstack vs scentry. Increased corn borer pressure. New publication on corn arthropod pests. Ran ECB network in southeast part of the state and monitored in field for CRW.

Brad: weather was good, high numbers of rootworms because of lack of rain. Highest pressure in last 4 years (5x more than last year). Problem fields are corn on corn for 15 years.

OH: Andrew Michel –true armyworm outbreak in wheat and corn. Low WBC populations in July. Did not see much Lep feeding in corn; plant pathologist got calls on ear mold

Ontario: Tracey Baute –publications this year on ear feeding and mycotoxin. Biggest problem was rootworm; resistance to pyramided traits. WBC better flight than last year, not as bad as 2019. Not a lot of ear mold compared to two years ago when DON was bad. Haven’t had bad TAW since 2012.

PA: No report

SD: Billy Fuller – Highest CRW pressure in 4 years.

TN: Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes –mechanism of resistance in FAW, CRY1F, developing FAW reference genome. Using CEW strains from Kerns and FAW strains from LSU/TX to look at mechanism of resistance. No extension field crops entomologist currently

TX: Pat Porter - introduced Dalton Ludwick, new extension entomologist in Corpus Christi. Porter reported lower than expected CEW populations (light pest year overall). Rumored CRW failures in panhandle; no one up there so just from consultant. Paper will show emergence in Leptra/Trecepta

Dalton Ludwick – light year for pests; looking at impact of CEW on fungal growth in ear and Bt resistance monitoring. Pat Porter introduced new outreach at A&M. Create an audio update for different areas that is only 6-7 minutes.

VA: Sally Taylor – season off to a great start, late freeze killed, set back corn. 30–50% of corn lost to drought. Slugs were bad, stink bugs were not an issue in corn but were a problem later in soybeans, starting to get southern green stink bug. End of season WCRW in some hot pockets

WI: Bryan Jensen – good growing season. CRW populations up, mostly NCRW, CRY3435 resistance documented, WBCW populations higher while corn borer was down. Good year, timely rains, late fall, everything went better than 2019. Dept of Ag surveys indicated only 20% (250) were over 0.75 beetles/plant for WCRW. Calls for UXI worse. Corn borer counts lower. July had 4-5 calls on flea beetles, but not economic

Wrap up, final discussion – Dominic Reisig

4:30 Adjourn for day

Tuesday, January 26 2021

8:00am Morning introduction and business – technical information for presenters, etc.

8:10 Morning session speakers and discussion

Relaxed research agreements. Pat Porter updated current situation - 5 year agreements have expired. New text for renewing these agreements that was developed at last year’s meeting and each university/company are all in different places with different levels of success. Discussion. Seems that Bayer is the only company where much progress has been made. Path forward with other companies? Discussion with reps from industry (Corteva, Syngenta, BASF). They advise to reach out to contacts and provide info. on what they need.

Google doc with information of agreements shared: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1IcKf-44NBjtz88TkxR_MvkvDJvpmt8jEfAxtzeCVuZM/edit?usp=sharing

Bring in American Seed Trade Association – Julie Peterson offered to coordinate, and Ken Ostlie will assist. Thought is that this will help move things forward.

Reminder from Dominic Reisig to Opt-in on group letters. Each person must choose to be a signatory - some folks (USDA, international (may have restrictions

Corn/Cotton date update on zea Dominic Reisig – Research shows no spatial pattern in terms of resistance, getting random damage on Bt and non Bt corn. Bioassay with Cry1Ac – which crops in system predict results of bioassays? Answer: it is complicated; soybeans are very important and influencing survivability and resistance. Corn is having suppressive effect on feeding and damage in system

Corn earworm adult emergence from Vip3a seed blend and structured refuge from twin experiments in Georgia and Texas, and a comparison of methods used to evaluate that emergence Matt Carroll, Joni Blount, David Buntin, Suhas Vyavhare and Pat Porter. Funded by ABSTC. Pat Porter presented TX data. David Buntin presented Georgia data. Very similar results from two very different locations.

Is there a change in zea feeding behavior toward avoiding kernel consumption? Pat seeing larvae feeding on silks and ear tips rather than kernels, allowing to avoid toxins. Discussion.

Suggestions of the use of multiple toxins in multiple crops for polyphagous insects. Michael Caprio et al. Conventional refuges result in longer durability than seed-blends. Conventional refuge with no Cry resistance – put Vip in corn and cotton. Conventional refuge with with Cry resistance – put in Vip cotton. Seed blend – put VIP in cotton, not in corn.

9:30 – 9:40 Break

9:40 Morning session resumed

Importance of cotton production for the corn earworm, IRM and VIP considerations – Angus Catchot Corn does not experience consistent heavy insect pressure and seed treatments have largely controlled. But, CEW is present, especially in non-Bt. Vip just 20% or so in corn. Concern is corn may drive resistance in cotton. Suggests they don’t need the genes in corn but are key to cotton and having them in corn is risking their efficacy in cotton.

Proposed IRM framework for lepidopteran pests: Agricultural Biotech Stewardship Technical Committee (ABSTC) presented by Matt Carroll. Invited Kara Welsh, EPA to give a brief review of timeline for EPA proposal moving forward. Matt gave background and points of the EPA’s proposal and ABSTC’s position. Questions and discussion followed.

2020 Sentinel Sweet Corn Network update and 2021 plans – Galen Dively shared results from 43 locations in 2020 and compared to historical results. Discussed options and directions for 2021.

The Impact of Field corn Bt/non-By hybridization on Bt expression: Implications for RIB efficacy on Heliothine pests. Carrie Deans and Bill Hutchison. Quantified Cry proteins in kernels in non Bt and seed blend and discussed results showing that cross pollination between Bt and non Bt reduce or eliminate refuge requirements of IRM, Reduce expression levels undermining high dose requirements of IRM, Impact Cry profile in kernels-pyramided ears can become double or single trait ears.

12:00 - 12:15 Break

Western corn rootworm genome sequencing and annotation – Brad Coates, Nicholas Miller, Marcé Lorenzen, Hugh M. Robertson et al. (Presented by Brad Coates). Explained how the WCRW genome was assembled, how it can be used and the importance

USDA-ARS Ag100 Pest Initiative – sequencing top 100 Ag pest arthropods including corn pest genomes. Brad Coates. Discussed ag insects that have been sequences and future directions.

Creating a shared protocol for protocol for adult corn rootworm trapping network. Erin Hodgson. Gauge interest in trapping network and to explain what it entails.

Biological control of CRW with persistent native entomopathogenic nematodes. Elson Shields presented data from 7 years of research and multiple locations and discussed what this means for practical application.

Living on the edge: Ecology of lepidopteran pests in the overwintering and migratory intersection region of the U.S. Gulf Coast. Silvana Paula-Moraes. Working to document emergence of CEW with year-round sampling. Marcelo Merdes Rabelo presented some work on mortality of zea on Bt cotton and life-history traits

Bt soybean in Brazil: performance and complexities of non-target lepidopteran pests. Adeneu Bueno. Update on the use of Bt soybeans in Brazil, advantages, challenges and future directions.

2:40 – 2:50 Break

Slugs on corn and soybeans – John Tooker. Slug damage, how land management impacts populations. Discussion

NIFA update – Erica Kistner-Thomas. Update on relocation to Kansas City, grants, and upcoming priorities.

Review of Corteva traits, resistance research, and collaborations on future of CRW management – Amit Sethi, Jim Bing, Clint Pilcher, Andre Crespo, and Nick Storer (presented by Amit Sethi).

4:40 Final business items.

Committee reports

Dalton Ludwick: Secretary (voted on)

Katelyn Kesheimer: Vice-Chair

Holly Davis: Chair

Next year’s meeting (2022): Auburn, AL

4:50 Adjourn

Accomplishments

Individual state reports received from 19 states (Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Ontario, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Wisconsin) were used to compile the list of accomplishments for the reporting period from January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020. These accomplishments reflect work on a diverse array of arthropod management issues that are directly relevant to corn growers, consultants, and other stakeholders in the corn production enterprise and rural environments. 2020 was a challenging year for our project and many proposed activities that were to take place in-person were moved to virtual, including our annual meeting held January 25-26, 2021.  Project members proved resilient and were able to pivot many activities toward virtual. This is reflected in much of the outputs we have listed. However, outputs from 2020 did suffer from restrictions on our activities, required to slow the COVID-19 pandemic. During 2021, we plan to continue our virtual outputs, hopefully returning to serve our stakeholders and clientele in person when it is safe to do so. Selected outputs Handy Bt Trait table. This trait table is maintained by member Chris Difonzo and updated with inputs from other members of the project. The purpose of the table is to provide corn growers with a way to match trade names of products with insect pest traits and efficacy.  During 2020, the the Handy Bt Trait table got the Educational Project Award from the Board Certified Entomologists of Mid-America.  <a href="https://www.texasinsects.org/bt-corn-trait-table.html">https://www.texasinsects.org/bt-corn-trait-table.html</a> Response to the EPA Draft Proposal to Address Resistance Risks to Lepidopteran Pests of Bt Following the July 2018 FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel Recommendation Memorandum. During 2018, the EPA convened a scientific advisory panel to create recommendations for new resistance management guidelines for “non-high dose pests”.  The EPA responded to this panel’s recommendations with a draft proposal during 2020, which was open to public comment. Many members of our project, in cooperation with the National Cotton States Arthropod Pest Management Working group prepared a detailed 28-page commentary to this proposal. Our response essentially outlined what a superior resistance management program for these pests should look like given the best available science.  <a href="https://reisiglab.wordpress.ncsu.edu/files/2020/11/Response-to-the-EPA-Draft-Lep-Proposal.pdf">https://reisiglab.wordpress.ncsu.edu/files/2020/11/Response-to-the-EPA-Draft-Lep-Proposal.pdf</a> Selected Extension Materials Collectively, our group has presented at hundreds of venues, to thousands of stakeholders and clientele and created numerous extension publications.  The list we have curated is only exemplative of the many outputs members of our project have individually and collaboratively produced. AgriTools Mobile Application. A free tool from Nebraska Extension that provides easy access to location-specific climate and weather information important to the agricultural industry in Nebraska. New to the app in 2020 is the addition of several pest insect degree-day models, including the western bean cutworm.   Brown S., F. Huang. 2020. Resistance development to Bt crops in caterpillars: Implications for pest management and cotton/corn production in Louisiana. Louisiana Agriculture 63(2): 68-69.   Brown, S., J.A. David, R. Diaz, K. Healy, F. Huang, N. Lord, T. Reagan, D. Ring,  T. Schowalter, M. Stout, T. Smith, Q. Sun, B. Wilson, Q. Sun. 2020. Louisiana Insect Pest Management Guide. LSU AgCenter. Pub. 1838. pp 228.   Bryant, T., and F.P.F. Reay-Jones. 2020. Sugarcane beetle as a pest of corn. Land-Grant Press by Clemson Extension. LGP 1076. (peer-reviewed Extension publication)   Coyle, D., T. Brosius, Z. DeVries, R. Schmidt-Jeffris, R.C. Gott, C. Loudon, J. Saguez, T. Simonsen, J. Van Den Berg, R. McDonnell, I. Ronai, L. Zhu, M. Siebert, F. Wessels, R. Hamm, L. Higgins, S. Thompson, R. Serikawa, N. Spomer, and J. Spencer. 2020. COVID-19: Reflections from entomologists who rose to the occasion. “Making the best Something of a Bad Situation.” American Entomologist. 66(3):34-41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ae/tmaa040">https://doi.org/10.1093/ae/tmaa040</a>.   Cramer, M., Dively, G., and K. Hamby. 2020. In dry weather, watch for silk-clipping insects in corn. University of Maryland Extension Agronomy News: August 2020 11(5): 11-12.   Difonzo, C. Video/ podcast: First true armyworm outbreak in wheat since 2010.  (24 June 2020)  https://youtu.be/C-Pk0ANkDr4   Dively, G.P. Current efficacy and management of Bt sweet corn. Sweet Corn 1: Worm Issues. Proceeding of the Great Lakes Expo. 3 pp.   Estes, K., N. Kleczewski, K. Ames, N. Seiter, A. Decker. 2020. 2019 Applied Research Results Field Crop Disease and Insect Management. University of Illinois Department of Crop Sciences, Urbana, IL. <a href="https://uofi.box.com/v/2019PestPathogenARB">https://uofi.box.com/v/2019PestPathogenARB</a>   Hamby, K., Cramer, M., Dively, G., Hirsh, S., Kness, A., Leslie, A., Nichols, K., Zobel, E., and D. Owens. 2020. Corn earworm pressure varying regionally–make sure to scout. University of Maryland Extension Agronomy News: August 2020 11(5): 3.   Hamby, K., and G. Dively. 2020. Proposed EPA changes to address resistance risks for caterpillar pests in Bt crops open for comment until November 9.  University of Maryland Extension Agronomy News: August 2020 11(7): 3-5.   Hamby, K., Cramer, M., Dively, G., Hirsh, S., Kness, A., Leslie, A., Nichols, K., Zobel, E., and D. Owens. 2020. Corn earworm pressure rising–make sure to scout. University of Maryland Extension Vegetable and Fruit News: Special Alert Edition August 18, 2020   Hodgson, E. W., A. Dean, N. Seiter, V. Schmitt. 2020. Insect and Mite Management. in Field Crop Production Handbook: An Introduction to Farming Practices CROP3162 (ed. E. W. Hodgson, M. A. Licht, A. J. Sisson). Iowa State University Extension, Ames, IA.   Jensen, B. 2020. Black Cutworms in Corn Video <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltT7TBEd8_Q">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltT7TBEd8_Q</a>   Jensen, B. 2020. Scouting for Japanese Beetles in Corn and Soybean Video <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=puufn2MFsOk">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=puufn2MFsOk</a>   Jensen, B. 2020. Early Season Insect Damage in Corn <a href="https://ipcm.wisc.edu/download/pubsPM/Early-Corn-Insects.pdf">Early-Corn-Insects.pdf (wisc.edu)</a>    Jensen, B. 2020.  IPM Decision Aid:Managing BT resistance (Updated) <a href="https://ipcm.wisc.edu/download/pubsPM/GMO-Resistance-CornRootworm.pdf">https://ipcm.wisc.edu/download/pubsPM/GMO-Resistance-CornRootworm.pdf</a>         Jensen, B. 2020. Revised: Commercial Vegetable Production In Wisconsin (including sweet insect management)  <a href="https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0145/8808/4272/files/A3422-2021.pdf">https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0145/8808/4272/files/A3422-2021.pdf</a>   Jensen, B. 2020.  100 Field Crop Scout Training Manuals Printed for use in UW and Vocational Technical Colleges <a href="http://ipcm.wisc.edu/download/pubsPM/UW-IPM-ScoutingManual-web.pdf">http://ipcm.wisc.edu/download/pubsPM/UW-IPM-ScoutingManual-web.pdf</a>       Jensen, B. 2020. 2021, Pest Management in Wisconsin Field Crops, revision <a href="https://patstore.wisc.edu/secure/browse_cat.asp?category_id=39S">https://patstore.wisc.edu/secure/browse_cat.asp?category_id=39S</a>   Kesheimer, KA. 2020. Corn IPM Guide: Insect Control Recommendations for 2021 (revised). Alabama Cooperative Extension System, IPM-0428: 1-32.   Kesheimer, KA. 2020. Watch for grasshoppers in corn. Alabama Crops Report Newsletter, 1(4).   Kesheimer, KA and SH Graham. 2020. EPA releases draft of new regulations to help slow spread of Bt resistance. Alabama Crops Report Newsletter, 1(22).   Knodel, J.J., P. Beauzay, M.A. Boetel, T.J. Prochaska and A. Chirumamilla. 2020. 2021 North Dakota Field Crop Insect Management Guide E1143 (revised). NDSU Ext., Fargo, ND. Calles-Torrez, V. and J.J. Knodel. 2020. Common Arthropod Pests of Corn E2004. NDSU Extension, Fargo, ND.   Knodel, J.J. 2020. European corn borer emerging. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #10 (July 2, 2020).   Knodel, J.J. 2020. Scout for European corn borer moths. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #11 (July 9, 2020).   Knodel, J.J. 2020. European corn borer update. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #12 (July 16, 2020).   Knodel, J.J. 2020. Mystery insect. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #12 (July 16, 2020). Wheat stem maggot in corn.   Knodel, J.J. 2020. European corn borer update. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #13 (July 23, 2020).   Knodel, J.J. 2020. European corn borer trap update. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #14 (July 30, 2020).   Knodel, J.J., and Calles -Torrez, V. 2020. Adult corn rootworm emerging. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #14 (July 30, 2020).   Knodel, J.J. 2020. Adult corn rootworms emerging. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #15 (August 6, 2020).   Nebraska Extension CropWatch articles (<a href="http://cropwatch.unl.edu">http://cropwatch.unl.edu</a>) Cluever J, J Bradshaw, J Peterson & R Wright. June 17, 2020. “Western Bean Cutworm Flight Predictions for 2020.”   Peterson J, R Wright, J Bradshaw & T Hunt. July 8, 2020. “Scouting and Treatment Recommendations for Western Bean Cutworm.”   Wright R, J Peterson & T Hunt. July 22, 2020. “Managing Spider Mites in Corn and Soybean.”   Wright R, J Peterson & T Hunt. July 22, 2020. “Identifying Spider Mite Damage and the Species Responsible.”   Wright R & J Peterson. July 16, 2020. “Scout Now for Corn Rootworm Beetles to Assess Potential Risk of Future Damage.”   Wright R. and J. McMechan. 2020. Western corn rootworm beetles emerging, time to scout. University of Nebraska CropWatch. July 7th.   Wright R. and J. McMechan. 2020. Japanese beetle emerging; Scout corn and soybean fields. University of Nebraska Crop Watch. June 23rd.   Wright R. and J. McMechan. 2020. Avoiding Injury from Seed Corn Maggot. University of Nebraska Crop Watch. May 20th.   Wright, R., K. Koch, and J. McMechan. 2020. Scouting Emerging Corn for Insects; Don’t Assume Protection. University of Nebraska Crop Watch. May 13th   Potter, B., K. Ostlie & B. Hutchison. 2020. Reducing Bt corn acreage to cut production costs. Production Guide, MN Extension web site, Corn Pest Management.<a href="https://extension.umn.edu/corn-pest-management/reducing-bt-corn-acreage-cut-production-costs">https://extension.umn.edu/corn-pest-management/reducing-bt-corn-acreage-cut-production-costs</a>   Potter, B. 2020. The European corn borer in Minnesota. University of Minnesota Extension Crop Production website. <a href="https://extension.umn.edu/corn-pest-management/european-corn-borer-minnesota-field-corn">https://extension.umn.edu/corn-pest-management/european-corn-borer-minnesota-field-corn</a>   Potter, Potter, B., Extension IPM Specialist; K. Ostlie, B. Hutchison, Extension Entomologists; A. Peltier & A. Hanson, Extension Educators. Reducing Bt trait acres in 2020 Minnesota Corn Production? Implications for European corn borer. MN Crop News, UMN Extension.  <a href="https://blog-crop-news.extension.umn.edu/2019/11/reducing-bt-trait-acres-in-2020.html">https://blog-crop-news.extension.umn.edu/2019/11/reducing-bt-trait-acres-in-2020.html</a>   Potter, B. 2020. MN Cooperative Black Cutworm Reporting Network: A website for tracking MN Black cutworm migration and damage tracking includes eight weekly newsletters. The network of mostly private sector coordinators was coordinated by Bruce Potter and Travis Vollmer. <a href="https://swroc.cfans.umn.edu/research/ipm/bcw-network">https://swroc.cfans.umn.edu/research/ipm/bcw-network</a>   Potter, B., and T. Vollmer. 2020. Corn rootworm insecticide on traits. University of Minnesota Southwest Research and Outreach Center SW MN PM research results.  <a href="https://swroc.cfans.umn.edu/research/ipm/research-results">https://swroc.cfans.umn.edu/research/ipm/research-results</a>   Potter, B., and T. Vollmer. 2020. Corn rootworm insecticide: Seed and in-furrow. University of Minnesota Southwest Research and Outreach Center SW MN PM research results.  <a href="https://swroc.cfans.umn.edu/research/ipm/research-results">https://swroc.cfans.umn.edu/research/ipm/research-results</a>   Potter, B. 2020 Virtual field day August 11, 2020. Corn rootworm management. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N8oMyB8uGGY">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N8oMyB8uGGY</a>  (Response to Covid-19/virtual field days)   Reinders, J. D., Z. D. Rystrom, E. E. Reinders, T. B. Dang, and L. J. Meinke. 2020. Performance of seed treatments and soil-applied insecticides against larval western and northern corn rootworm, 2019. Arthropod Management Tests 45(1): 1-2.  doi: 10.1093/amt/tsaa067   Reinders, J. D., Z. D. Rystrom, E. E. Reinders, T. B. Dang, and L. J. Meinke. 2020. Evaluation of seed treatment and soil-applied insecticides against larval western and northern corn rootworm, 2020. Arthropod Management Tests. doi: 10.1093/amt/tsaa120   Pekarcik, A. Richer, E., and K. Tilmon. 2020. Entomopathogenic nematodes for control of the Asiatic garden beetle in field crops. Ohio State University Extension, Wooster, OH. 1-4. <a href="https://aginsects.osu.edu/sites/aginsects/files/imce/AGB_EPN_%20Handout_Feb2020.pdf">https://aginsects.osu.edu/sites/aginsects/files/imce/AGB_EPN_ Handout_Feb2020.pdf</a>   Raudenbush, A., M. Badertscher, F. Becker, L. Beers, B. Clevenger, S. Custer, T. Dehaas, J. Hartschuh, A. Holden, S. Karhoff, E. Lentz, C. Lokai-Minnich, D. Marrison, E. Richer, G. Ruff, B. Scheckelhoff, C. Shroeder, J. Stachler, M. Sunderman, C. Young, C. Zoller, A. Michel, K. Tilmon and C. Everett. “Western Bean Cutworm Monitoring in Ohio” CORN Newsletter: 2020-20. June 30-July 6, 2020. <a href="https://agcrops.osu.edu/newsletter/corn-newsletter/2020-20/western-bean-cutworm-monitoring-ohio">https://agcrops.osu.edu/newsletter/corn-newsletter/2020-20/western-bean-cutworm-monitoring-ohio</a>   Raudenbush, A., M. Badertscher, J. Beck, F. Becker, L. Beers, B. Clevenger, S. Custer, T. Dehaas, C. Everett, A. Gahler, J. Hartschuh, A. Holden, S. Karhoff, A. Leininger, E. Lentz, C. Lokai-Minnich, D. Marrison, L. Ober, E. Richer, G. Ruff, B. Scheckelhoff, C. Shroeder, J. Stachler, M. Sunderman, C. Young, C. Zoller, A. Michel, K. Tilmon. “Western Bean Cutworm Numbers Remain Low Across Ohio” CORN Newsletter: 2020-21. July 7-13, 2020. https://agcrops.osu.edu/newsletter/corn-newsletter/2020-21/western-bean-cutworm-numbers-remain-low-across-ohio   Raudenbush, A., M. Badertscher, J. Beck, F. Becker, L. Beers, B. Clevenger, S. Custer, T. Dehaas, C. Everett, A. Gahler, J. Hartschuh, A. Holden, S. Karhoff, A. Leininger, E. Lentz, C. Lokai-Minnich, D. Marrison, S. Noggle, L. Ober, E. Richer, G. Ruff, B. Scheckelhoff, C. Shroeder, J. Stachler, M. Sunderman, C. Young, C. Zoller, A. Michel, K. Tilmon and M. Lorentz. “Western Bean Cutworm Numbers Starting to Increase” CORN Newsletter: 2020-22. July 14-20, 2020. <a href="https://agcrops.osu.edu/newsletter/corn-newsletter/2020-22/western-bean-cutworm-numbers-starting-increase">https://agcrops.osu.edu/newsletter/corn-newsletter/2020-22/western-bean-cutworm-numbers-starting-increase</a>   Raudenbush, A., M. Badertscher, J. Beck, F. Becker, L. Beers, B. Clevenger, S. Custer, T. Dehaas, C. Everett, A. Gahler, J. Hartschuh, A. Holden, S. Karhoff, A. Leininger, E. Lentz, R. Lewandowski, C. Lokai-Minnich, M. Lorentz, D. Marrison, S. Noggle, L. Ober, E. Richer, G. Ruff, B. Scheckelhoff, C. Shroeder, J. Stachler, M. Sunderman, C. Young, C. Zoller, A. Michel and K. Tilmon. “Western Bean Cutworm Numbers Continue to Increase” CORN Newsletter: 2020-23. July 21-27, 2020. <a href="https://agcrops.osu.edu/newsletter/corn-newsletter/2020-23/western-bean-cutworm-numbers-continue-increase">https://agcrops.osu.edu/newsletter/corn-newsletter/2020-23/western-bean-cutworm-numbers-continue-increase</a>   Raudenbush, A., M. Badertscher, J. Beck, F. Becker, L. Beers, B. Clevenger, S. Custer, T. Dehaas, C. Everett, A. Gahler, J. Hartschuh, A. Holden, J. Jasinski, S. Karhoff, A. Leininger, R. Lewandowski, C. Lokai-Minnich, M. Lorentz, D. Marrison, S. Noggle, L. Ober, E. Richer, G. Ruff, B. Scheckelhoff, C. Schroeder, J. Stachler, M. Sunderman, C. Young, C. Zoller, A. Michel and K. Tilmon. “Western Bean Cutworm Numbers Continue to Increase” CORN Newsletter: 2020-24. July 28-August 3, 2020. <a href="https://agcrops.osu.edu/newsletter/corn-newsletter/2020-24/western-bean-cutworm-numbers-continue-increase">https://agcrops.osu.edu/newsletter/corn-newsletter/2020-24/western-bean-cutworm-numbers-continue-increase</a>   Raudenbush, A., A. Arnold, M. Badertscher, J. Beck, F. Becker, L. Beers, B. Clevenger, S. Custer, T. Dehaas, C. Everett, A. Gahler, J. Hartschuh, A. Holden, J. Jasinski, S. Karhoff, A. Leininger, E. Lentz, R. Lewandowski, C. Lokai-Minnich, M. Lorentz, D. Marrison, S. Noggle, L. Ober, E. Richer, G. Ruff, B. Scheckelhoff, C. Schroeder, M. Sunderman, C. Young, C. Zoller, A. Michel and K. Tilmon. “Ten Counties on WBC Scout List as Statewide Numbers Begin to Decrease” CORN Newsletter: 2020-25. August 4-10, 2020. <a href="https://agcrops.osu.edu/newsletter/corn-newsletter/2020-25/ten-counties-wbc-scout-list-statewide-numbers-begin-decrease">https://agcrops.osu.edu/newsletter/corn-newsletter/2020-25/ten-counties-wbc-scout-list-statewide-numbers-begin-decrease</a>   Raudenbush, A., M. Badertscher, J. Beck, F. Becker, L. Beers, B. Clevenger, S. Custer, T. Dehaas, C. Everett, A. Gahler, J. Hartschuh, A. Holden, J. Jasinski, S. Karhoff, A. Leininger, E. Lentz, R. Lewandowski, C. Lokai-Minnich, M. Lorentz, D. Marrison, S. Noggle, L. Ober, E. Richer, G. Ruff, B. Scheckelhoff, C. Schroeder, M. Sunderman, C. Young, C. Zoller, A. Michel and K. Tilmon. “WBC Numbers Continue to Decrease” CORN Newsletter: 2020-26. August 11-17, 2020. <a href="https://agcrops.osu.edu/newsletter/corn-newsletter/2020-26/wbc-numbers-continue-decrease">https://agcrops.osu.edu/newsletter/corn-newsletter/2020-26/wbc-numbers-continue-decrease</a>   Raudenbush, A., A. Arnold, M. Badertscher, J. Beck, F. Becker, L. Beers, B. Clevenger, S. Custer, T. Dehaas, C. Everett, A. Gahler, J. Hartschuh, A. Holden, J. Jasinski, S. Karhoff, A. Leininger, E. Lentz, R. Lewandowski, C. Lokai-Minnich, M. Lorentz, D. Marrison, S. Noggle, L. Ober, E. Richer, G. Ruff, B. Scheckelhoff, C. Schroeder, M. Sunderman, C. Young, C. Zoller, A. Michel and K. Tilmon. “Past WBC Peak Flight, Low Numbers Across State” CORN Newsletter: 2020-27. August18-24, 2020. https://agcrops.osu.edu/newsletter/corn newsletter/2020-27/past-wbc-peakflight-low-numbers-across-state   Raudenbush, A., A. Arnold, M. Badertscher, J. Beck, F. Becker, L. Beers, B. Clevenger, S. Custer, T. Dehaas, C. Everett, A. Gahler, J. Hartschuh, A. Holden, S. Karhoff, A. Leininger, E. Lentz, R. Lewandowski, C. Lokai-Minnich, D. Marrison, S. Noggle, L. Ober, E. Richer, G. Ruff, B. Scheckelhoff, C. Schroeder, M. Sunderman, C. Young, C. Zoller, A. Michel and K. Tilmon. “Minimal WBC Reported Across Ohio” CORN Newsletter: 2020-28. August 25-31, 2020.<a href="https://agcrops.osu.edu/newsletter/corn-newsletter/2020-28/minimal-wbc-reported-acrossohio">https://agcrops.osu.edu/newsletter/corn-newsletter/2020-28/minimal-wbc-reported-acrossohio</a>   Reisig, D. 2020. Scouting stink bugs in corn. 2020. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUXf15Q-VuU&list=PLlmI2LdCTo8yP0eWDpUmVZe5gMkkoPzDt&index=10">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUXf15Q-VuU&list=PLlmI2LdCTo8yP0eWDpUmVZe5gMkkoPzDt&index=10</a>   Reisig, D. 2020. Effect of seed treatment and in-furrow insecticides on brown stink bug in corn. 2020. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGeTcSzrFxM&feature=youtu.be">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGeTcSzrFxM&feature=youtu.be</a>   Reisig, D. 2020. Fall armyworm in corn. 2020. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__tZG-8s83c&feature=youtu.be">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__tZG-8s83c&feature=youtu.be</a>   Reisig, D. 2020. Scout Stink Bugs in Seedling Corn.  <a href="https://corn.ces.ncsu.edu/2020/04/scout-stink-bugs-in-seedling-corn/">https://corn.ces.ncsu.edu/2020/04/scout-stink-bugs-in-seedling-corn/</a>   Reisig, D. 2020. Important Changes for Stink Bug Thresholds in Corn for 2020.  https://corn.ces.ncsu.edu/2020/05/important-changes-for-stink-bug-thresholds-in-corn-for-2020/   Reisig, D. 2020. How to Scout and Manage Stink Bugs in Pre-Tassel Corn. https://corn.ces.ncsu.edu/2020/06/how-to-scout-and-manage-stink-bugs-in-pre-tassel-corn/   Reisig, D. 2020. Non-Bt Hybrid Yield Trial 2020 Results and Why You Should Plant Non-Bt Corn as Resistance Insurance. https://corn.ces.ncsu.edu/2020/10/non-bt-hybrid-yield-trial-2020-results-and-why-you-should-plant-non-bt-corn-as-resistance-insurance/   Reisig, D. D. 2020. Insect control in field corn. 2020 North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual. North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, N.C. State University, Raleigh, N.C. pp. 74-76.   Schnitky, G., A. Hager, N. Seiter, N. Kleczewski. Crop management outlook for 2020. University of Illinois FarmDoc Webinar Series. 8 April 2020 (webinar) <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1qJQLHjkMCM&t=4s">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1qJQLHjkMCM&t=4s </a>   Seiter, N., K. Adee, P. Bertels, D. Epstein, N. Fields, J. Harris, M. Mason, J. McClellan, R. Sears, T. Steeger, S. Stewart, A. Varenhorst, J. Weirich. 2020. Best management practices for pollinator protection in field corn. Honey Bee Health Coalition, National Corn Growers Association. <a href="https://honeybeehealthcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/HBHC_Corn_022020.pdf">https://honeybeehealthcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/HBHC_Corn_022020.pdf</a>   Seiter, N., K. Estes, and J. Spencer. “Managing Corn Rootworm in Illinois: Outlook for 2020.” Farmdoc Daily (10): 47, Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, March 13, 2020.   Spencer J.L., N.J. Seiter, and Kelly A. Estes. 2020. Multiple video interview segments about corn rootworm biology, ecology and Bt corn hybrids with HLK (media production agency) for Bayer Crop Science #TraitAnswers and “The Watch” web/Twitter platforms. Champaign, IL. March 5, 2020.   Seiter, N. Updates in pest management. University of Illinois Extension Northwest Illinois Agronomy Summit. Freeport, IL. 14 Jan 2020   Seiter, N. Insect management in corn and soybean. University of Illinois Extension Crop Management Conference (delivered 4 times in Mt. Vernon, Springfield, Champaign, and Malta IL). 22 Jan-12 Feb. 2020.   Seiter, N. Insect pests: what to watch for in cover crops and conservation tillage. Northeast Missouri/Western Illinois Soil Health and Conservation Tillage Conference. Quincy, IL 7 Feb. 2020.   Seiter, N. Early season pests to look out for in 2020. University of Illinois Extension Commercial Ag Webinar Series. 4 June 2020 (webinar) <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-VXGRKC-1U">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-VXGRKC-1U </a>   Seiter, N. Scouting and managing mid-season insect pests in corn and soybean. University of Illinois Extension Commercial Ag Webinar Series. 23 July 2020 (webinar) <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYNu7AEmuXE">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYNu7AEmuXE </a>   Seiter, N. Corn rootworm management. University of Illinois Monmouth Virtual Field Day. 12 August 2020 (webinar) <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NuPtmNuMYYo">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NuPtmNuMYYo </a>   Seiter, N. Corn rootworm management and control evaluations. University of Illinois Crop Sciences Virtual Agronomy Day. 26 August 2020. (recorded presentation) <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JxLon-Xxcjs&feature=emb_logo">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JxLon-Xxcjs&feature=emb_logo</a>   Seiter, N. Current status of rootworm resistance and management in Illinois. Illinois CCA Conference. 9 December 2020 (webinar)   Seiter, N. Insect management in rye cover crops. Indiana CCA Conference. 15 December 2020 (webinar)   Seiter, N. Corn rootworm – Management considerations for 2020/ <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKXVPzNt7bk&feature=youtu.be">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKXVPzNt7bk&feature=youtu.be</a>   Seiter, N. Economic decision making in pest management. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=stX3_9ou91c">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=stX3_9ou91c</a>   Seiter, N. Grape colaspis: a sporadic pest of corn and soybean in Illinois. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLdTfI8LwDY&t=55s">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLdTfI8LwDY&t=55s</a>   Seiter, N. Insect management following a rye cover crop. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1651eYu420E">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1651eYu420E</a>   Seiter, N. Dealing with slugs in corn and soybean. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RamzkEs5KDw">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RamzkEs5KDw</a>   Seiter, N. Using sticky traps to make corn management decisions. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q2juXv6ShEw   Spencer, J.L. 2020. Getting high with the beetles. American Entomologist. 66(4):28-32. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ae/tmaa058">https://doi.org/10.1093/ae/tmaa058</a>.   Spencer, J.L. 2020. Corn rootworm Bt resistance – another problem we wish would “just go away” 2020 University of Illinois Virtual Agronomy Day. September 8, 2020. 8-minute video presentation. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJ-pOtl3SpU&feature=emb_logo">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJ-pOtl3SpU&feature=emb_logo</a>

Publications

<ol> <li>Abdelgaffar, H., O. P. Perera, and J. L. Jurat-Fuentes. 2020. ABC transporter mutations in Cry1F-resistant fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) do not result in altered susceptibility to selected small molecule pesticides. Pest Management Science, 77(2):949-955.</li> </ol> <ol start="2"> <li>Abel, C. A. and S. Coates. 2020. Evaluation of eight maize germplasms developed in Ecuador for resistance to leaf feeding fall armyworm. Southwestern Entomologist 45: 75-78.</li> </ol> <ol start="3"> <li>Abel, C. A., S. Coates, M. Millard, W. P. Williams, and M. P. Scott. 2020. Evaluation of XL370A-derived maize germplasm for resistance to leaf feeding by fall armyworm. Southwestern Entomologist 45: 69-74.</li> </ol> <ol start="4"> <li> Abel, C. A. and M. P. Scott. 2020. Evaluation of 21 Thailand maize germplasms for resistance to leaf feeding Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 93: 97-102. </li> <li> Baldwin, J., Paula-Moraes, S.V., Pereira, R. 2020. The good side of the bad guys: predation of lepidopteran pests by Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Fla. Entomol., 183: 68-71. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1653/024.103.0411">https://doi.org/10.1653/024.103.0411</a>. </li> </ol> <ol start="6"> <li>Babu, A., A. Del Pozo-Valdivia, and D. Reisig. 2020. Baseline flight potential of adult Euschistus servus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and its implications on local dispersal. Environ. Entomol. 49: 699-708. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvaa041</li> </ol> <ol start="7"> <li>Bilbo, T. R., F.P.F. Reay-Jones, and J. K. Greene. 2020. Evaluation of insecticide thresholds in late-planted Bt and non-Bt corn for management of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 113: 814-823.</li> </ol> <ol start="8"> <li>Bryant, T., S. Dorman, D. Reisig, D. Dillard, R. Schürch, S. Taylor. 2020. Reevaluating the economic injury level for brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), at various growth stages of maize. doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa173</li> </ol> <ol start="9"> <li>Bryant, T. B., S. J. Dorman, D. D. Reisig, D. Dillard, R. Schürch, and S. V. Taylor. 2020. Reevaluating the economic injury level for brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), at various growth stages of maize. J. Econ. Entomol. 113: 2250-2258. doi: 10.1093/jee/toaa173</li> </ol> <ol start="10"> <li>Calles-Torrez, V., M. A. Boetel, and J. J. Knodel. 2020. Corn rootworm survey in North Dakota and a comparison of two sticky traps. Journal of Applied Entomology 14pp. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.12826">https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.12826</a></li> </ol> <ol start="11"> <li>Carmona G., L. M. Delserone, J.N. Duarte Campos, T. Ferriera de Almeida, D. Ozorio, J. Betancurth Cardona, R. Wright, and A.J. McMechan. 2020. Does cover crop management impact arthropods in the subsequent corn and soybean crops in the USA? A systematic review. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saaa049</li> </ol> <ol start="12"> <li>Chalivendra S., F. Huang, M. Busman,W.P. Williams, J.H. Ham. 2020. Low aflatoxin levels in Aspergillus flavus-resistant maize are correlated with increased corn earworm damage and enhanced seed fumonisin. Front. Plant Sci. 11:565323. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.565323. </li> </ol> <ol start="13"> <li>Coates, B.S., C. A. Abel, K. A. Swoboda-Bhattarai, D. E. Palmquist, D. G. Montezano, S. N. Zukoff, Y. Wang, J. D. Bradshaw, C. D. Difonzo, E. Shields, K. J. Tilmon, T. E. Hunt, and J. A. Peterson. 2020. Geographic distribution of Cry1F toxin resistance in western bean cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations in the United States. Journal of Economic Entomology. 113: 2465-2472.</li> </ol> <ol start="14"> <li>Cordeiro EMG, Pantoja-Gomez LM, de Paiva JB, Nascimento ARB, Omoto C, Michel AP, Correa AS. 2020. Hybridization and introgression between Helicoverpa armigera and H. zea: an adaptational bridge. 20:61. BMC Evolutionary Biology </li> </ol> <ol start="15"> <li>Deans, C.A., Sword, G.A., Behmer, S.T., Burkness, E., Pusztai-Carey, M., Hutchison, W. 2020. Population effects on diet-Btinteractions in Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): gene-by-environment interactions in agricultural pest management. bioRxiv doi: 10.1101/2020.361170. Preprint. <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.30.361170v1">https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.30.361170v1</a></li> </ol> <ol start="16"> <li>Deans, C.A., Sword, G.A., Vogel, H., Behmer, S. 2020. The impact of dietary protein and carbohydrates on gene expression in a generalist insect herbivore. bioRxiv doi:10.1101/2020.361386. <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.30.361386v1">https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.30.361386v1</a></li> </ol> <ol start="17"> <li>Dively, G. P., T. P. Kuhar, S. Taylor, H. B. Doughty, K. Holmstrom, D. Gilrein, B. A. Nault, J. Ingerson-Mahar, J. Whalen, D. Reisig, D. L. Frank, S. J. Fleischer, D. Owens, C. Welty, F.P.F Reay-Jones, P. Porter, J. L. Smith, J. Saguez, S. Murray, A.Wallingford, H. Byker, B. Jensen, E. Burkness, W. D. Hutchison, and K. A. Hamby. 2020. Sweet corn sentinel monitoring for lepidopteran field-evolved resistance to Bt toxins. J. Econ. Entomol. doi: 10.1093/jee/toaa1264.</li> </ol> <ol start="18"> <li>Dively G.P., F. Huang, I. Oyediran, T. Burd, S. Morsello. 2020. Evaluation of gene flow in structured and seed blend refuge systems of non‑Bt and Bt corn. J. Pest Sci. 93: 439-447.</li> </ol> <ol start="19"> <li>Farhan, Y., Smith, J.L., Limay-Rios, V., and A.W. Schaafsma. (2020) The effect of simulated Lepidopteran ear feeding injury on mycotoxin accumulation in grain corn, Zea mays Journal of Economic Entomology. 113(5): 2197-2212. doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa174.</li> </ol> <ol start="20"> <li>Fisher, K. E., J. L. Flexner, and C. E. Mason. 2020 Plant preferences of z-pheromone race Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) based on leaf tissue consumption rates. J. Econ. Entomol. 113: 1563-1567.</li> </ol> <ol start="21"> <li>Fisher, K. E., S. P. Bradbury, and S. Coates, 2020. Prediction of mitochondrial genome-wide variation through sequencing of mitochondrion-enriched extracts. Scientific Reports 10: 19123.</li> </ol> <ol start="22"> <li>Gimenez, S., H. Abdelgaffar, G. Le Goff, F. Hilliou, C. A. Blanco, S. Hanniger, A. Bretaudeau, F. Legeai, N. Negre, J. L. Jurat-Fuentes, E. Alencon, and K. Nam. 2020. Adaptation by copy number variation increases insecticide resistance in the fall armyworm. Communications Biology, 3(1):664.</li> </ol> <ol start="23"> <li>Gomis-Cebolla, J., R. Ferreira Dos Santos, Y. Wang, J. Caballero, P. Caballero, K. He, J. L. Jurat-Fuentes, and J. Ferre. 2020. Domain shuffling between Vip3Aa and Vip3Ca: Chimera stability and insecticidal activity against European, American, African, and Asian pests. Toxins (Basel), 12(2):99.</li> </ol> <ol start="24"> <li>Gonçalves, J., Rodrigues, J.V.C., Santos-Amaya, O., Paula-Moraes, S.V., Pereira, E.J.G. 2020. The oviposition behavior of fall armyworm moths is unlikely to compromise the refuge strategy in genetically modified Bt crops. J. Pest Sci, 93: 965-977. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-020-01219-5">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-020-01219-5</a></li> </ol> <ol start="25"> <li>Gui F., T. Lan, Y. Zhao, W. Guo, Y. Dong, D. Fang, H. Liu, H. Li, H. Wang, R. Hao, X. Cheng, Y. Li, S. K. Sahu, Y. Chen, Y. Chang, L. Cheng, S. He, P. Liu, G. Fan, H. Lu, G. Hu, W. Dong, B. Chen, Y. Jiang, Y. Zhang, P. Yang, H. Xu, F. Lin, B. Slipper, A. Postma, M. Jackson, T. Liu, F. Huang, H. Yang, X. Liu, J. Sheng, L. Kang. 2020. Genomic analysis unveils population evolution and development pesticide resistance in fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. Protein & Cell. https://DOI : 10.1007/s13238-020-00795-7.</li> </ol> <ol start="26"> <li>Huang, H., W. Sun, K.M. Seong, O. Mittapalli, J. Ojo, B .S. Coates, K. Paige, M. J. Clark, and. 2020. Dietary antioxidant vitamin C influences the evolutionary path of insecticide resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 168: 104631</li> </ol> <ol start="27"> <li>Hurley, T.M. and P.D. Mitchell. 2020. The value of insect management to US maize, soybean and cotton farmers. Pest Management Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5974">https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5974</a>.</li> </ol> <ol start="28"> <li>Hurley, T.M., and P.D. Mitchell. 2020. 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French, M.R. Ellersieck, T.A. Coudron, K.S. Shelby, and B.E. Hibbard. 2020. Baseline susceptibility of a laboratory strain of northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis traits in seedling, single plant, and diet-toxicity assays. J. Econ. Entomol. 113:1955–1962 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa107">https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa107</a>).</li> </ol> <ol start="36"> <li>Perera, O. P., H. W. Fescemyer, S. J. Fleischer, and A. Abel. 2020.  Temporal variation in genetic composition of migratory Helicoverpa zea in peripheral populations. Insects. 11(8): 463. doi:10.3390/insects11080463</li> </ol> <ol start="37"> <li> Pinos, D., M. Chakroun, A. Millan-Leiva, J. L. Jurat-Fuentes, D. Wright, P. Hernandez-Martinez, and J. Ferre. 2020. Reduced membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase does not affect binding of Vip3Aa in a Heliothis virescens resistant colony. Toxins (Basel), 12(6):409 </li> <li>Rabelo, M.M. Paula-Moraes, S.V., Pereira, E.J.G., Siegfried, B., 2020. Demographic performance of Helicoverpa zea populations on dual and triple-gene Bt cotton. Toxins, 12, 551. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12090551</li> </ol> <ol start="39"> <li>Rabelo, M.M., Paula-Moraes, S.V., Siegfried, B., Pereira, E.J.G. 2020. Contrasting susceptibility of lepidopteran pests to diamide and pyrethroid insecticides in a region of overwintering and migratory intersection. Pest Manag. Sci., 76:4240-4247. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5984">https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5984</a>.</li> </ol> <ol start="40"> <li>Reay-Jones, F.P.F., T. R. Bilbo, and D. D. Reisig. 2020. Decline in sublethal effects of Bt corn on corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) linked to increasing levels of resistance. Journal of Economic Entomology. 113: 2241-2249.</li> </ol> <ol start="41"> <li> Reay-Jones, F.P.F, T. R. Bilbo, and D. D. Reisig. 2020. Decline in sublethal effects of Bt corn on corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) linked to increasing levels of resistance. J. Econ. Entomol. 113: 2241-2249. doi: 10.1093/jee/toaa163 </li> <li> Roberts A., Boeckman C.J., Mühl M., Romeis J., Teem J., Valicente F.H., Brown J.K. Edwards M.G., Levine S.L., Melnick R.L., Rodrigues T.B., Vélez A.M., Zhou X., and R.L. Hellmich. 2020. Sublethal Endpoints in Non-Target Organism Testing for Insect Active Crops. Frontiers in Plant Science. 8: 556 </li> <li> Saikai, Y, T.M. Hurley, and P.D. Mitchell. 2020. An agent‐based model of insect resistance management and mitigation for Bt maize: A social science perspective. Pest Management Science <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6016">https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6016</a> </li> </ol> <ol start="44"> <li>Seong, K. M., S. Coates, and B.R. Pittendrigh. 2020. Post-transcriptional modulation of cytochrome P450s, Cyp6g1 and Cyp6g2, by miR-310s cluster is associated with DDT-resistant Drosophila melanogaster strain 91-R. Scientific Reports 10: 14394</li> </ol> <ol start="45"> <li> Seong, K.M., B .S. Coates, and B. R. Pittendrigh. 2019. Cytochrome P450s Cyp4p1 and Cyp4p2 associated with the DDT tolerance in the Drosophila melanogaster strain 91-R. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 159: 136-143. </li> <li> Silva, I.F., Baldin, E.L.L., Specht, A., Roque-Specht, V.F., Morando, R., Malaquias, J.V., Paula-Moraes, S.V. 2020. Role of nutritional composition in the development and survival of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on artificial diet and natural hosts. B. Entomol. Res., 1-13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485320000449">https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485320000449</a> </li> </ol> <ol start="47"> <li> Silva, P.R., A.N. Istchuk, J. Foresti, T.E. Hunt, T.A. Araújo, F.F. Lemes, E.R. Alencar, C.S. Bastos. 2020. Economic injury levels and economic thresholds for Diceraeus (Dichelops) melacanthus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in vegetative maize, Crop Protection. <a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105476">http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105476</a>. </li> <li> Smith, J.L., T. Baute, and A.W. Schaafsma. (2020) Quantifying early season pest injury and yield protection of insecticide seed treatments in corn and soybean production in Ontario, Canada. Journal of Economic Entomology. 113 (5): 2187-2196. doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa132 </li> </ol> <ol start="49"> <li>Smith JL, DiFonzo CD, Baute TS, Michel AP, Krupke CK. 2019. Ecology and management of the western bean cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in corn and dry beans – Revision with focus on the Great Lakes region. Journal of Integrated Pest Management. 10:27.</li> </ol> <ol start="50"> <li>Souza, D., A.V. Jimenez, G. Sarath, L.J. Meinke, N. J. Miller, B. D. Siegfried. 2020. Enhanced metabolism and selection of pyrethroid-resistant western corn rootworms (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte). Pesticide Biochem. Physiol.,164: 165-172. doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.01.009</li> </ol> <ol start="51"> <li>Souza, D., B.D. Siegfried, L. J. Meinke, N. J. Miller. 2020. Molecular characterization of western corn rootworm pyrethroid resistance. Pest Manag. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6090 (early view, first published September 2020)</li> </ol> <ol start="52"> <li> Souza D, JA Peterson, RJ Wright & LJ Meinke. 2020. Field efficacy of soil insecticides on pyrethroid resistant western corn rootworms (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte). Pest Management Science, 76: 827-833. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5586">https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5586</a> </li> <li> Specht, A., Dias, F.M.S., Blas, G.S., Roque-Specht, V.F., Casagrandre, M. 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Impact Statements

Western corn rootworm (WCR) population abundance can vary dramatically from year-to-year. Effective IPM-based management of WCR should begin with field-level measurement of beetle abundance. Unfortunately, few local corn growers perform WCR abundance monitoring and instead adopt a costly “insurance approach” to pest management wherein they assume the worst and always plant a Bt corn hybrid. Project members in Illinois conduct annual sweep sample monitoring of WCR abundance in soybean fields and also document the local prevalence of Bt corn adoption in the surrounding area. These data are shared with the public. Increasing awareness of historically low, sub-economic WCR abundance, has lead to falling local use of Bt corn hybrids. Avoiding unneeded use of Bt corn hybrids helps growers reduce input costs and reduces unnecessary selection for WCR resistance to Bt corn, which ultimately improves the sustainability of rootworm management.

Date of Annual Report: 03/18/2022

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 01/25/2022 - 01/26/2022
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2021 - 12/31/2021

Participants

Paula-Moraes, Silvana (paula.moraes@ufl.edu )- University of Florida; Thrasher, Lee (wthrasher@ufl.edu) - University of Florida; Mendes Rabelo, Marcelo (mmendesrabelo@ufl.edu ) - University of Florida; Mitchell, Paul (pdmitchell@wisc.edu ) – University of Wisconsin-Madison; Farhan, Yasmine (Yfarhan@uoguelph.ca ) - University of Guelph; Ruberson, John (jruberson2@unl.edu )-University of Nebraska; Hurley, Terry (tmh@umn.edu ) - University of Minnesota; Hellmich, Richard (richard.hellmich@usda.gov ) -USDA-ARS; Welch, Kara (welch.kara@epa.gov ) - Environmental Protection Agency; Kesheimer, Katelyn (kesheimer@auburn.edu ) - Auburn University; Reisig, Dominic (ddreisig@ncsu.edu ) - North Carolina State University; Miller, Nick (nmiller11@iit.edu ) - Illinois Institute of Technology; Hodgson, Erin (ewh@iastate.edu ) - Iowa State University; Spencer, Joseph (spencer1@illinois.edu ) - University of Illinois; Baute, Tracey (tracey.baute@ontario.ca ) – Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; Krupke, Christian (ckrupke@purdue.edu ) - Purdue University; McMechan, Justin. (justin.mcmechan@unl.edu ) - University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Difonzo, Chris (difonzo@msu.edu ) - Michigan State University; Davis, Holly (holly.davis@ag.tamu.edu ) - Texas A&M University; Smith, Jocelyn (jocelyn.smith@uoguelph.ca ) - University of Guelph; Tilmon, Kelley (tilmon.1@osu.edu ) - Ohio State University; Abel, Craig (craig.abel@usda.gov ) - USDA-ARS CICGRU; Mason, Chuck (mason@udel.edu) - University of Delaware; Seiter, Nick (nseiter@illinois.edu ) - University of Illinois; Potter, Bruce (bpotter@umn.edu ) – University of Minnesota; Kistner-Thomas, Erica (erica.kistnerthomas@usda.gov ) - USDA-NIFA; Porter, Patrick (p-porter@tamu.edu ) - Texas A&M AgriLife; Wright, Robert (rwright2@unl.edu ) - University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Crespo, Andre (andre.crespo@corteva.com ) - Corteva Agriscience; Peterson, Julie (julie.peterson@unl.edu ) - University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Huang, Fangneng (FHuang@AgCenter.lsu.edu ) - Louisiana State University; Huseth, Anders (ashuseth@ncsu.edu ) - NC State University; Reinders, Jordan (jordan.reinders3@huskers.unl.edu ) - University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Stewart, Ashley (ashley.stewart@bayer.com ) - Bayer Crop Science; Sumerford, Doug (douglas.sumerford@syngenta.com ) – Syngenta; Head, Graham (graham.head@bayer.com ) - Bayer Crop Science; Ludwick, Dalton (dalton.ludwick@ag.tamu.edu ) - Texas A&M AgriLife Extension; Sappington, Thomas (Tom.Sappington@usda.gov ) - USDA Agricultural Research Service; Carroll, Matthew (matthew.carroll1@bayer.com ) - Bayer CropScience; Coates, Brad (brad.coates@usda.gov ) - USDA-ARS; Taylor, Sally (svtaylor@vt.edu ) - Virginia Tech; Michel, Andy (michel.70@osu.edu ) - The Ohio State University; Hunt, Thomas (thunt2@unl.edu ) - University of Nebraska; Hamby, Kelly (kahamby@umd.edu ) - University of Maryland; Hutchison, Bill (hutch002@umn.edu ) - University of Minnesota; Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis (jurat@utk.edu ) - University of Tennessee; Blount, Joni (joni.blount@bayer.com ) - Bayer CropScience; Dively, Galen (galen@umd.edu ) - University of Maryland; Dubey, Aditi (aditid@umd.edu ) - University of Maryland; Oyediran, Isaac (isaac.oyediran@syngenta.com ) - Syngenta Crop Protection LLC; Sethi, Amit (amit.sethi@corteva.com ) - Corteva Agriscience; Velez, Ana (avelezarango2@unl.edu ) - University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Darlington, Molly (mdarlington@huskers.unl.edu ) - University of Nebraska; Fuller, Billy (Billy.Fuller@sdstate.edu ) - South Dakota State University; Storer, Nick (Nicholas.storer@corteva.com ) - Corteva Agriscience; Owens, David (owensd@udel.edu ) - University of Delaware; Hibbard, Bruce (Bruce.Hibbard@usda.gov ) - USDA-ARS; Meinke, Lane (lmeinke1@unl.edu ) - University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Dean, Ashley (adean@iastate.edu ) - Iowa State University; Caprio, Michael (MCaprio@entomology.msstate.edu ) - Mississippi State University; Knodel, Janet (janet.knodel@ndsu.edu ) - North Dakota State University; Pilcher, Clint (clint.pilcher@corteva.com) - Corteva Agriscience; Ostlie, Ken (ostli00@umn.edu )- University of Minnesota; McManus, Bradley (Bradley.McManus@sdstate.edu ) - South Dakota State University; Villanueva, Raul (raul.villanueva@uky.edu ) - University of Kentucky. Tessnow, Ashley (Ashley.Tessnow@ag.tamu.edu) Texas A&M University.

Brief Summary of Minutes

Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Monday, January 25: State Reports

1:00pm Introductory Topics

Welcome: Katelyn Kesheimer

John Ruberson, NC Multistate Advisors update

1:15 State by state reports – conducted in alphabetical order – refer to submitted reports for more detail:

AL: Katelyn Kesheimer – Slight increase (0.5%) of corn acreage, near record yields

Insect pests: more and earlier caterpillar pests (lesser cornstalk borer, beetworm armyworm, CEW, FAW)

DE: David Owens – Slugs in a few fields, less than last year, Excellent year for corn, Sentinel Bt plots: VIP corn looked great, at most with second instar larvae, Entomopathogenic nematode trials established in trials, Testing pyrethroid efficacy on corn earworm

FL: Silvana Paula-Morales – Continuing to work on snails, especially for peanuts

Participated in multi-state Bt sweet corn trial

IL: Joe Spencer and Nick Seiter – Growing problems with NCRW and then WCRW, Problems due to significant resistance, Areas with Cry34/35Ab1 trait beginning to lose large amounts of efficacy, Few options for growers

IN: Christian Krupke – AW in August and September; saw spikes in trap captures earlier, Saw some in double cropped soybeans along river and southern Indiana, Testing efficacy of insecticides for good efficacy and short pre-grazing interval, Seed corn maggot, Snow damaged beans were hit hard, Neonicotinoid did not seem to help, possibly due to poor plant health and translocation due to leaching in flooded soils

IA: Aaron Gassman – WCRW populations have been steadily building since 2013/2014,

Studying EPN fungi with CRW in corn, Cry34/35Ab1 resistance, short corn varieties for IRM and IPM varieties, EPN nematodes and CRW

KY: Raul Villanueva – Tar spot, Leps lower, Yields higher than national average

LA: Fangneng Huang – Crop consultants identified insects as number one issue for corn, Would like non-Bt options for corn refuges, Concern that Bt corn leads to Bt cotton issues, Found two plots with unexpected survival of CEW on VIP3A, Still very susceptible in diet bioassays

MD: Kelly Hamby – High adoption of cover crops and no-till corn, Inconsistent pest issues across the state, Saw a small spike in FAW – no issues in wheat or corn, Genomic monitoring for CEW (Cry1Ab, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2)

MI: Chris DiFonzo – Corn earworm on industrial hemp; looking at behavioral ecology

MN: Bill Hutchinson, Bruce Potter, Ken Ostile - Corn rootworm populations were much higher, Still evaluating areawide suppression and trapping data, FAW wasn’t much of an issue except in weedy fields

NE: Thomas Hunt, Lance Meinke, Julie Peterson, Ana Velez – Special Issue in Insects for corn rootworm management with many from NC-246, Large WBC flights compared to previous years, but peak flights at similar times, Project with Corteva to revisit all corn rootworm management; economic value for rootworm management and resistance management, Cardelonides may impact insecticide susceptibility for monarch caterpillars; combinations with fungicides may impact susceptibility

Canada - Jocelyn Smith, Tracey Baute - Corn borer Cry1F resistance still being monitored for next three years, Western bean cutworm similar to last year for flights

3:00- 3:10 Break

3:10-3:30pm

Committee Business, Tom Sappington

Honoring of Dr. Richard Hellmich as he retires from USDA-ARS

3:30 – 4:30 State Reports

MO: Bruce Hibbard - Beneficial nematodes, microbiomes, metabolomics and diet work, Removal of Cry34/35Ab1 selection leads to susceptibility, Published 10 articles including a non-diapausing northern corn rootworm colony paper

NC: Dominic Reisig – Working on developing predictive tools with NCSU and Clemson, Southern corn billbug management will be difficult for about 20,000 acres, Attempting to get more non-Bt corn adoption, Attempting to demonstrate cost-benefits of non-Bt corn plantings

ND: Janet Knodel - Drought led to grasshopper issues; primarily field edges, Participated in corn rootworm trapping project with Iowa State

SD: Billy Fuller – Extreme drought Untreated controls high in western CRW Brad McManus has done most of work 200 bu/a to 45bu/a because of drought All fields good pressure for CRW (2, 2.5 UTC rating) Less than 1/3 northern CRW and mostly western CRW

TN: Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes – Sebe Brown just started as new field crops entomologist, FAW resistance and targeted sequencing to improve over the bioassay methods

TX: Pat Porter, Dalton Ludwick - EPN trials were established; some establishment; lost the site Mexican corn rootworm to Bruce Hibbard to increase Diabrotica knowledge, Corn rootworm pressure was really light this year, mostly due to heavy rainfall, FAW damage was minimal in row crops; primarily in pasture, Greg Sword and his lab is working on identifying some of the genetic populations, Participated in the Bt sweet corn trials

VA: Sally Taylor – Good corn year, Few stink bugs, Investigating RIB percentage: 5% did not result in much mating between susceptible and resistant insects

Multi-state analysis of rootworm pressure and Bt technology pricing, Christian Krupke

Rootworm pressure was initially very high when Krupke started, not so much now

Partnering states: ND, SD, MN, IA, NE, IL, IN, MI, OH

Scope: 2004 to now

Looked at root injury versus pricing; declining injury while there’s an increasing price for Bt technology

Pressures and trends differ across states

Preliminary data to determine a CRW damage threshold using non-Bt plots

Asking for Bt plot data corresponding to non-Bt data from same cooperators

Goal is to create an online decision tool

Discussion on the unavailability of non-Bt hybrids that are comparable to Bt hybrids with yields, etc.

Relaxed research agreements, Dominic Reisig and Aaron Gassmann

Renewed discussion about the need to have a coordinated attempt to get relaxed research agreement

Discussion on what relaxed research agreements mean

5:00 Adjourn for day

Tuesday, January 26 2021

8:00am

Welcome, announcements, Katelyn Kesheimer

Discussion of the time/place committee to address the 2023 meeting

Discussion about the EPA memo of lepidopteran IRM framework, Kara Welch

Meeting with ABSTC in February 2022

Addressed questions regarding EPA’s proposed lepidopeteran IRM framework

Addressed questions regarding EPA’s interpretation and response of feedback to the lepidopteran IRM framework

ABSTC joins the conversation
- Industry will work with state extension entomologists to determine UXI

Computer vision for detecting field-evolved lepidopteran resistance to Bt maize, Anders Huseth

Discussed the physical labor and experience aspects of the Bt resistance monitoring network

Developing an image analysis program to compare against human damage assessments

Discussed difficulty in assessment and variability for damage between assessors

Inter-observer variability also noted

Discussed the intention to get larval instar determinations via digital image capture

Regional adult CRW trapping network, Ashley Dean, Erin Hodgson

Started in 2021 due to 2021 NC-246 meeting

12 states, 5 Canadian provinces with university and industry collaborators

Provided free sticky traps to improve coverage and got some basic information

Focused on WCRW and NCRW

Revamping efforts to see real-time data for 2022

619 locations

Efforts to improve IPM and establishment of a website

Sweet corn (foliar Bts and Spear-Lep), Katelyn Kesheimer

Bts and UTC were similarly effective

Warrior II and Entrust did better that other treatments

Some areas with control issues for insecticides

Led to exploring Spear-Lep, no differences with it and UTC for damage or live larvae

Asiatic garden beetle research in corn, Adrian Pekarcik

Refresher on Asiatic garden beetle life cycle and introduction

Large corn areas in fields experiencing death in Great Lakes

Golf hole cup cutter for grub sampling, pitfall for localized movement, trap buckets (?) for longer movement

Collaborating with Michigan State (DiFonzo)

Host study: feeding on residue had greatest weight gain

Evaluated grub habitat preference in fields and developed predictive tool based on soil percentage

NIFA Entomology Programs Update, Erica Kistner-Thomas, USDA-NIFA

80% of staff lost due to relocation

New entomologist hired (Chris Phillips) and another expected

Rubella Butswami is new Division Director and several other new hires

Some funding increases for Enhanced and New Programs

Top priority:

Conference Grants back

Can volunteer to be a panel review member at https://prs.nifa.usda.gov/prs/volunteerPrep.do

11:15 - 12:00 Break

12:00 – 3:15 Afternoon Sessions

ABSTC and NC246 Discussion

Performance of VIP3A Seed Blend Refuge vs. Block Refuge in Producing H. zea adults, Joni Blount, David Buntin, Suhas Vyavhare, and Pat Porter

Funded by ABSTC

Conducted in Texas and Georgia

Emergence cages and screen bags

Emergence was impacted between sites and years

Texas appears to be main source of variation

Blend issues not related to the infestation pressure

Estimates on the number of moths from non-Bt refuge

Summarized results of the 2020-2021 sentinel sweet corn monitoring project and plans for 2022, Galen Dively

Reviewed the results of the 2021 growing season

Collaborators across the United States and Canada

Cry1Ab largely ineffective for most sites

Cry2Ab less effective than before

VIP3A phenotypic frequency increasing and something to keep an eye on

Study will occur again in 2022

Genetics and ecology of Spodoptera frugiperda in an interbreeding region, Silvana Paula-Moraes

Isotropic analysis

Trapping in multiple crops

Year-round occurrence of S. frugiperda in Florida; peaks in summer and fall

Rice strain increases substantially

Hosts vary between strains

Corn strain feeds on mixed diet or C4 most of the year – hybrids discussed

Rice strain tends to feed on C3 host throughout year – hybrids discussed

Revisiting fall armyworm populations and strains in the US, Ashley Tessnow

Outlined historical understanding of C- and R-strains

Genetic differentiation between strains

Hybrids exist between strains

Though sampling was done in corn and sorghum, a strong mixture (~60/40) of strains

Strains separating by nightly flight periods

Majority of R-strain fly earlier in the night

Majority of C-strain fly later in the night

Ongoing project in Sword lab to determine strain composition in the field

FAW Discussion

Questions regarding pyrethroid efficacy

Questions about relationship between outbreaks and El Nino and La Nina

3:00 Final business items.

Nominations Committee Report

San Antonio, TX from January 23 (arrival) to January 26 afternoon (departure)

Ludwick and Porter agree to serve as co-organizers for event

Will need strong indication of attendance ASAP to avoid financial burden falling to Porter and Ludwick

Nick Seiter (nominated by Julie Peterson) has agreed to serve in Secretary role going forward

3:15 Adjourn

Accomplishments

Individual state reports received from 17 states (Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Tennessee, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, South Carolina, Texas, Wisconsin) were used to compile the list of accomplishments for the reporting period from January 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021. These accomplishments reflect work on a diverse array of arthropod management issues that are directly relevant to corn growers, consultants, and other stakeholders in the corn production enterprise and rural environments.  Selected outputs Handy Bt Trait table. This trait table is maintained by member Chris Difonzo and updated with inputs from other members of the project. The purpose of the table is to provide corn growers with a way to match trade names of products with insect pest traits and efficacy.  The table was updated in 2021 with current information. Selected Extension Materials Collectively, our group has presented at hundreds of venues, to thousands of stakeholders and clientele and created numerous extension publications.  The list we have curated is a selection of the many outputs members of our project have individually and collaboratively produced. <ul> <li> Beauzay, P.B., and Knodel, J.J. 2021. Scout for spider mites in soybeans, dry beans and corn. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #13 (July 22, 2021). Calles-Torrez, V., and Knodel, J.J. 2021. Adult corn rootworms emerging. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #14 (July 29, 2021).</li> <li>Brown, K., S. Brown, J.A. David, R. Diaz, B. Fitzpatrick, K. Healy, F. Huang, N. Lord, T. Reagan, D. Ring, M. Stout, T. Smith, Q. Sun, T. Towles, and B. Wilson. 2021. Louisiana Insect Pest Management Guide. LSU AgCenter. Pub. 1838. pp 238.</li> <li>Bryant, T., and F.P.F. Reay-Jones. 2021. Corn earworm as a pest of field corn. Land-Grant Press by Clemson Extension. LGP 1117. (peer-reviewed Extension publication)</li> <li>Calles-Torrez, V., and Knodel, J.J. 2021. European corn borer trapping network. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #10 (July 1, 2021).</li> <li>Calles-Torrez, V., Prochaska, T.J., and Knodel, J.J. 2021. Scout for European corn borer. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #11 (July 8, 2021).</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Calles-Torrez, V., Prochaska, T.J., and Knodel, J.J. 2021. European corn borer increasing. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #12 (July 15, 2021). Beauzay, P.B., and Knodel, J.J. 2021. Red-headed flea beetle in soybeans and corn. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #12 (July 15, 2021).</li> <li>Calles-Torrez, V., Prochaska, T.J., and Knodel, J.J. 2021. European corn borer decreasing. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #13 (July 22, 2021).</li> <li>Calles-Torrez, V., Prochaska, T.J., and Knodel, J.J. 2021. European corn borer continues to decline. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #14 (July 29, 2021). Calles-Torrez, V., and Knodel, J.J. 2021. Adult corn rootworms trap update. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #15 (August 5, 2021).</li> <li>Calles-Torrez, V., Prochaska, T.J., and Knodel, J.J. 2021. European corn borer continues to decline. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #15 (August 5, 2021).</li> <li>Calles-Torrez, V., and Knodel, J.J. 2021. Corn rootworm trap update. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #16 (August 12, 2021).</li> <li>Calles-Torrez, V., Prochaska, T.J., and Knodel, J.J. 2021. European corn borer low. NDSU Extension Crop and Pest Report #16 (August 12, 2021).</li> <li>Cluever, J., J. A. Peterson, R. J. Wright, and J. D. Bradshaw. 2021. Degree-days for Prediction of Western Bean Cutworm Flight. <a href="https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2021/degree-days-prediction-western-bean-cutworm-flight">https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2021/degree-days-prediction-western-bean-cutworm-flight</a></li> <li>Cramer, M.E., and Hamby, K.A. 2021. Optimizing early season insect pest management in field corn. Maryland Grain Producers and Utilization Board 2021 Report</li> <li>DiFonzo, C. and P. Porter. 2021. Handy Bt Trait Table for US Corn Production. <a href="https://www.texasinsects.org/bt-corn-trait-table.html">https://www.texasinsects.org/bt-corn-trait-table.html</a>. 3,180 downloads in 2021.</li> <li>Hamby, K. 2021. Measuring insect pressure in Maryland field corn. CMREC Upper Marlboro Roots in Research</li> <li>Kleczewski, N., N. Seiter, K. Estes, J. Spencer, K. Ames, & A. Decker. 2020 Applied Research Results: Field Crop Disease and Insect Management. Evaluations of insect and disease control tactics for corn, soybean, and wheat. Statewide surveys of corn and soybean pests. Department of Crop Sciences. 99 p. <a href="https://uofi.app.box.com/file/766382032490?v=2020PestPathogenARB">https://uofi.app.box.com/file/766382032490?v=2020PestPathogenARB</a></li> <li>Knodel, J.J., P.B. Beauzay, and V. Calles-Torrez. 2021 (in press). Dry, Hot Weather Impacts Corn Insect Pests in 2021. Corn Talk.</li> <li>Owens, D. and J. Deidesheimer. 2022. Insect Management in Corn. Delaware AgWeek. Virtual Agronomy Session. 11 January 2022.</li> <li>Owens, D. and J. Deidesheimer. 2022. Insect and Mite Research Updates. Delaware AgWeek. Hybrid Fruit and Vegetable Session. 11 January 2022.</li> <li>Owens, D. 2021. Ear Insect Protection in Sweet Corn. MidAtlantic Fruit and Vegetable Convention. Virtual.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Peterson, J. A., R. J. Wright, J. D. Bradshaw, and T. E. Hunt. 2021. Scouting and Treatment</li> <li>Peltier, A., B. Potter, E. Burkness & W.D. Hutchison. 2021. European corn borer survey - 2017-2021: Northwest Minnesota. MN Crop News, UMN Extension. </li> <li>Recommendations for Western Bean Cutworm. <a href="https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2020/scouting-and-treatment-recommendations-western-bean-cutworm">https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2020/scouting-and-treatment-recommendations-western-bean-cutworm</a></li> <li>Peterson, J. A., A. J. McMechan, L. J. Meinke, and J. D. Bradshaw. 2021. How have the cold February temperatures affected insect overwintering in Nebraska? IANR Cropwatch Newsletter 26 February 2021. </li> <li>Porter, P. and H. Davis. 2021. Revision of Managing Insect and Mite Pests of Texas Corn, ENTO-PU_135. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension. <a href="https://agrilifelearn.tamu.edu/s/product/managing-insect-and-mite-pests-of-texas-corn/01t4x000002dp4tAAA">https://agrilifelearn.tamu.edu/s/product/managing-insect-and-mite-pests-of-texas-corn/01t4x000002dp4tAAA</a> .</li> <li>Porter, P. And E. Shields. 2021. Research Results Using Persistent Entomopathogenic Nematodes For Corn Rootworm Control 2021. 37:07, 333 views. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bk9--8cfC8&list=PLLBc-PrZSLQcTYEnRjFJjW9HoH24_Gvj6&index=2&t=596s">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bk9--8cfC8&list=PLLBc-PrZSLQcTYEnRjFJjW9HoH24_Gvj6&index=2&t=596s</a></li> <li>Porter, P. And C. DiFonzo. 2021. When Good Bts Go Bad. 41:06, 147 views. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXKcGTEiOPs&list=PLLBc-PrZSLQcTYEnRjFJjW9HoH24_Gvj6&index=3&t=1288s">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXKcGTEiOPs&list=PLLBc-PrZSLQcTYEnRjFJjW9HoH24_Gvj6&index=3&t=1288s</a> .</li> <li>Potter, B., K. Ostlie, W.D. Hutchison, A. Peltier & A. Hanson. 2021. Reducing Bt-trait acres in 2021 Minnesota corn production? Implications for European corn borer, January 12th. MN Crop News, UMN Extension. <a href="https://blog-crop-news.extension.umn.edu/2021/01/reducing-bt-trait-acres-in-2021.html">https://blog-crop-news.extension.umn.edu/2021/01/reducing-bt-trait-acres-in-2021.html</a></li> <li>Reisig, D.D. Corn Agent Training. July-August, 2021. Corn insect pest management: focus on corn earworm. Ramseur, NC. 6 Trainings; 50 Attendees.</li> <li>Seiter, N. 2021. Managing insect pests. University of Illinois Agronomy Handbook. <a href="https://go.illinois.edu/agronomyhandbook">https://go.illinois.edu/agronomyhandbook</a></li> <li>Towles, T. B., S. Brown, and F. Huang. 2021. The cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa zea): A pest of Louisiana row crops. LSU AgCenter publ. 3777.</li> <li>Wright, R. J. 2021. Managing Stalk Borers in Corn. <a href="https://cropwatch.unl.edu/common-stalk-borer-scouting">https://cropwatch.unl.edu/common-stalk-borer-scouting</a></li> <li>Wright, R. J., and J. McMechan. 2021. Avoiding Injury from Seed Corn Maggot. <a href="https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2021/avoiding-injury-seed-corn-maggot">https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2021/avoiding-injury-seed-corn-maggot</a></li> <li>Wright, R. J., and J. McMechan. 2021. Grasshopper Return – It’s Time to Scout Field Borders. <a href="https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2019/grasshopper-management">https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2019/grasshopper-management</a></li> <li>Wright, R. J., and J. A. Peterson. 2021. Scout Now for Corn Rootworm Beetles to Assess Potential Risk of Future Damage. <a href="https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2017/scout-now-corn-rootworm-beetles-assess-potential-risk-future-damage">https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2017/scout-now-corn-rootworm-beetles-assess-potential-risk-future-damage</a></li> <li>Wright, R. J., K. Koch, and J. McMechan. 2021. Scout Emerging Corn for Insects; Don’t Assume Protection. <a href="https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2020/scout-emerging-corn-insects-dont-assume-protection">https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2020/scout-emerging-corn-insects-dont-assume-protection</a></li> <li>Wright, R. J., W. Ohnesorg, and J. McMechan. 2021. Insect Management, pp. 313-357, in 2021 Guide for Weed, Disease, and Insect Management in Nebraska, EC 130, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension.</li> </ul>   Multi-State Efforts <ol> <li>Activities</li> <ol> <li>Entomopathogenic nematodes to control pests of corn were disseminated by Elson Shields (Cornell). Entomopathogenic nematodes were provided to interested parties in Delaware, Illinois, Texas, and other states. Previous data indicate prolonged suppression of western corn rootworm in New York and new trials are being established to evaluate efficacy in other areas.</li> <li>Bt sweet corn monitoring trials were conducted in most states with NC-246 representatives. These trials were coordinated and facilitated by Galen Dively (University of Maryland).Data previously collected through these trials documented field-evolved resistance by Helicoverpa zea to Cry1Ab. Current monitoring shows a marginal, yet increasing survivorship of this pest to VIP3A.</li> <li>Corteva has launched the Corteva Future CRW Management Program. Trials will be conducted  in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Nebraska. The goal of this program is to evaluate innovative approaches to corn rootworm management and trapping.</li> <li>Iowa State (Hodgson and Deans) organized the corn rootworm trapping network that stemmed from the 2021 NC-246 meeting. Participants were from 12 U.S. states and Canada. Data collected enabled local producers to understand corn rootworm activity in their region.</li> <li>Tracye Baute (Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs) organized the Great Lakes and Maritime Pest Monitoring Network. Participants were from three U.S. states and Canada. Due to this meeting, there may be new participants from Ohio State (Tillmon and Michel).</li> <li>Christian Krupke (Purdue) led a multi-state analysis of rootworm pressure and Bt technology pricing. States that contributed data included North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, iowa, Nebraska, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio. This analysis revealed a decline in root injury while there has been an increasing cost associated with the Bt technology.</li> <li>Pat Porter (Texas A&M) and David Buntin (University of Georgia) evaluated Bt resistance monitoring techniques with field corn for Helicoverpa zea. Funding was provided by ABSTC. Sites in Texas and Georgia were used to compare efficacy of bagging ears to adult emergence traps as a result of discussions on previous independent trials. The main outcome was that each has its own benefits, but the mesh bag over the corn ear method was less labor intensive.</li> <li>Adult Mexican corn rootworm collected by Dalton Ludwick (Texas A&M) were provided to Bruce Hibbard (USDA-ARS) to initiate laboratory colonies. The expected benefits include enhanced understanding of the species and potential control measures.</li> </ol> <li>Possible collaborative activities resulting from 2022 NC-246 meeting</li> <ol> <li>During discussion of efforts by NC-246 members, Pat Porter (Texas A&M) revealed there are corn hybrids in Texas exhibiting strong resistance to fall armyworm. Craig Abel (USDA-ARS) will now work to include those lines in his research.</li> <li>Kelley Tillmon and Andy Michel expressed interest in participating in the Great Lakes and Maritime Pest Monitoring Network.</li> </ol> </ol>

Publications

<h3>Publications</h3> <ul> <li>Arends, B., D.D. Reisig, S. Gundry, A.S. Huseth, F.P.F. Reay-Jones, J. Greene, and G.G. Kennedy. 2021. Soybean and maize abundance dominate effectiveness of natural resistance management refuge for Bt-cotton in the southeastern USA. Scientific Reports. 11: 17601. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97123-8">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97123-8</a>.</li> <li>Arends, B., D. D. Reisig, S. Gundry, A. S. Huseth, F.P.F. Reay-Jones, J. Greene and G. G. Kennedy. 2021. Effectiveness of the natural resistance management refuge for Bt-cotton is dominated by local abundance of soybean and maize. Sci. Reports. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97123-8 </li> <li>Arends, B., D. Reisig, S. Gundry, J. Greene, G. Kennedy, F. Reay-Jones, and A. Huseth. Submitted 2021. Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) feeding incidence and survival on Bt maize in relation to maize in the landscape. Pest Manage. Sci.</li> <li>Bryant, T. B., A. Babu, and D. D. Reisig. 2021. Brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), damage to seedling corn and impact on grain yield. J. Insect Sci. 22: 1. doi: 10.1093/jisesa/ieab012</li> <li>Carmona, G., L. M. Delserone, J. N. Duarte Campos, T. Ferriera de Almeida, D. Ozorio, J. Betancurt Cardona, R. Wright, and A. J. McMechan. 2021. Does cover crop management impact arthropods in the subsequent corn and soybean crops in the USA? A systematic review. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 114(2): 151-162. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saaa049">https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saaa049</a></li> <li>Carmona, G., E. Robinson, A. T. Rosa, C. A. Proctor, and A. J. McMechan. 2021. Cover crop planting date and termination dates influence arthropod activity in the following corn. Journal of Economic Entomology: Accepted.</li> <li>Cheng, Y., T. W. Sappington, L. Luo, L. Zhang, and X. Jiang. 2021. Starvation on first or second day of adulthood reverses larval-stage decision to migrate in beet webworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Environ. Entomol. 50: 523-531.</li> <li>Childers, A., S. M. Geib, S. Sim., M. Poelchau, B. S. Coates, T. J. Simmonds, E. D. Scully, T. P. L. Smith, C. P. Childers, R. Corpuz, K. Hackett, and B. Scheffler. 2021. The USDA-ARS Ag100Pest Initiative: High quality genome assemblies for agricultural pest arthropod research.  Insect 12(7), 626 <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12070626">https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12070626</a></li> <li>Coates, B. S., E. Deleury, A. J. Gassmann, B. E. Hibbard, L. J. Meinke, N. J. Miller, J. Petzold-Maxwell, B. W. French, T. W. Sappington, B. D. Siegfried, and T. Guillemaud. 2021. Up-regulation of apoptotic- and cell survival-related gene pathways following exposures of western corn rootworm to Bacillus thuringiensis crystalline pesticidal proteins in transgenic maize roots. BMC Genomics 22(1): 639. (DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07932-4).</li> <li>Coates, B. S., E. Deleury , A. J. Gassmann, B. E. Hibbard, L. J. Meinke, N. J. Miller, Petzold-Maxwell, B. W. French, T. W. Sappington, B. D. Siegfried and T. Guillemaud. 2021. Up-regulation of apoptotic- and cell survival-related gene pathways following exposures of western corn rootworm to B. thuringiensis crystalline pesticidal proteins in transgenic maize roots. BMC Genomics 22:639. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07932-4">https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07932-4</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li>Darlington, M., J. D. Reinders, A. Sethi, A. L. Lu, P. Ramaseshadri, J. R. Fischer, C. J. Boeckman, J. S. Petrick, J. M. Roper, K. Narva, and A. M. Vélez. 2022. RNAi for western corn rootworm management: lessons learned, challenges, and future directions. Insects 13(1): 57. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13010057">https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13010057</a></li> <li>Dimase, M., S. Brown, G.P. Head, P.A. Price, W. Walker, W. Yu, and F. Huang. 2021.  Performance of Bt-susceptible and -heterozygous dual-gene resistant genotypes of  Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in seed blends of non-Bt and  pyramided Bt maize. Ins. Sci. 28, 1147–1158.  </li> <li>Dively, G.P., T.P. Kuhar, S. Taylor, H.B. Doughty, K. Holmstrom, D. Gilrein, B.A. Nault, J. Ingerson-Mahar, J. Whalen, D. Reisig, Daniel L. Frank, S.J. Fleischer, D. Owens, C. Welty, F. Reay-Jones, P. Porter, J. Smith, J. Saquez, S. Murray, A.Wallingford, H. Byker, B. Jensen, E. Burkness, W.D. Hutchison, & K.A. Hamby. 2021. Sweet corn sentinel monitoring for Lepidopteran field-evolved resistance to Bt toxins. J. Econ. Entomol. 114(1): 307–319.</li> <li>Dorman, S.J., K. A. Hopperstad, B. J. Reich, S. Majumder, G. Kennedy, D. D. Reisig, J. K. Greene, F.P.F. Reay-Jones, G. Collins, J. S. Bacheler, and A. S. Huseth. Landscape-level variation in Bt crops predict Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistance in cotton agroecosystems. Pest Management Science. 77: 5454-5462.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Deguenon, J. M., A. Dhammi, L. Ponnusamy, N. V. Travanty, G. Cave, R. Lawrie, D. Mott, R. M. Roe, D. Reisig, R. Kurtz. 2021. Bacterial microbiota of field-collected Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from transgenic Bt and non-Bt cotton. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9040878</li> <li>Fleischer, S., W.D. Hutchison & S.E. Naranjo. 2021. Sustainable Management of Insect Resistant Crops, pp. 111-125, In: A. Ricroch et al. (Eds.), Plant Biotechnology, 2nd Edition. Springer, 400 pp.</li> <li>Gilreath, R.T. D.L. Kerns, F. Huang, and F. Yang. 2021. No positive cross-resistance to Cry1  and Cry2 proteins favors pyramiding strategy for management of Vip3Aa resistance in  Spodoptera frugiperda. Pest Manag. Sci. 77: 1963–1970.  </li> <li>Guo, J., I. Oyediran, M.E. Rice, S. Brown, M. Dimase, S. Lin, W. Walker, W. Yu, Y. Niu, and F.  Huang. 2021. Seed blends of pyramided Cry/Vip maize reduce Helicoverpa zea populations  from refuge ears. J. Pest Sci. 94: 959–968.  </li> <li>Huang, F. 2021. Resistance of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), to  transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1F corn in the Americas: lessons and implications for  Bt corn IRM in China. Ins. Sci. 28: 574–589. </li> <li>Huang, F. 2021. Dominance and fitness costs of insect resistance to genetically modified  Bacillus thuringiensis crops. GM Crops & Food: Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food  Chain. 12(1):192-211. doi: 10.1080/21645698.2020.1852065. </li> <li>Hurley, T.M., P.D. Mitchell, and H. Sun. 2022. Insect Resistance Management: Adoption and Compliance. D.W. Onstad, ed. Insect Resistance Management: Biology, Economics, and Prediction, 3rd ed. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.</li> <li>Ingber, D. A., J. H. McDonald, C. E. Mason, L. Flexner. 2021. Oviposition preferences, Bt susceptibilities, and tissue feeding of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) host strains. Pest Management Science 77: 4091-4099. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6434">https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6434</a></li> <li>Krishnan, N., Y. Zhang, M. E. Aust, R. L. Hellmich II, J. R. Coats, and S. P. Bradbury. 2021. Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) life-stage risks from foliar and seed-treatment insecticides. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 40(6):1761-1777. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5016</li> <li>Kurneth, H. D., S. M. Bogdanowicz, J. B. Searle, R. G. Harrison, G. M. Kozak, B. S. Coates, and E. B. Dopman. 2021. Consequences of coupled reproductive barriers for the build-up of genomic differentiation: Reproductive barrier and coupling in corn borers. bioRxiv <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.02.458401">https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.02.458401</a></li> <li>Lata, D., B. S. Coates, K. K. O. Walden, H. M. Robertson, and N. J. Miller. 2021. Genome size evolution in the beetle genus Diabrotica. bioRxiv <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.04.458993">https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.04.458993</a></li> <li>Lawrie, R. D., R. D. Mitchell III, J. M. Deguenon, L. Ponnusamy, D. Reisig, A. Del Pozo-Valdivia, R. W. Kurtz, and R. M. Roe. Characterization of long non-coding RNAs in the bollworm, Helicoverpa zea, and their possible role in Cry1Ac- resistance. Insects. doi: 10.3390/insects13010012</li> <li>Liu, S., T. W. Sappington, B. S. Coates, and B. C. Bonning. 2021. Nudivirus sequences identified from the southern and western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Viruses 13(2), 69 <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020269">https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020269</a></li> <li>Meinke, L. J., D. Souza, B. D. Siegfried. 2021. The use of insecticides to manage the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, LeConte: history, field-evolved resistance, and associated mechanisms. 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Impact Statements

• Cooperators in the 2021 sweet corn sentinel monitoring network established 53 trials in 23 states and 4 Canadian provinces. All trials involved three Bt sweet corn varieties (expressing Cry1A, Cry1A.105+Cry2Ab2, and Cry1Ab and Vip3A) plantings planted side by side with their non-Bt isolines. Cooperators in 11 states, ON and NS established multiple plantings at different times and/or locations. Monitoring tracked changes in CEW susceptibility to Vip3A and Cry proteins based on differences in control efficacy between Bt and non-Bt plots and changes in phenotypic frequencies of resistance. Additionally, the network simultaneously tracked susceptibility changes and regional differences in ECB, FAW and WBC populations.

Date of Annual Report: 03/21/2023

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 01/24/2023 - 01/26/2023
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2022 - 12/31/2022

Participants

Paula-Moraes, Silvana (paula.moraes@ufl.edu )- University of Florida; Farhan, Yasmine (Yfarhan@uoguelph.ca ) - University of Guelph; Ruberson, John (jruberson2@unl.edu )-University of Nebraska; Welch, Kara (welch.kara@epa.gov ) - Environmental Protection Agency; Kesheimer, Katelyn (kesheimer@auburn.edu ) - Auburn University; Reisig, Dominic (ddreisig@ncsu.edu ) - North Carolina State University; Miller, Nick (nmiller11@iit.edu ) - Illinois Institute of Technology; Spencer, Joseph (spencer1@illinois.edu ) - University of Illinois; Baute, Tracey (tracey.baute@ontario.ca ) – Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; Krupke, Christian (ckrupke@purdue.edu ) - Purdue University; Difonzo, Chris (difonzo@msu.edu ) - Michigan State University; Smith, Jocelyn (jocelyn.smith@uoguelph.ca ) - University of Guelph; Tilmon, Kelley (tilmon.1@osu.edu ) - Ohio State University; Seiter, Nick (nseiter@illinois.edu ) - University of Illinois; Potter, Porter, Patrick (p-porter@tamu.edu ) - Texas A&M AgriLife; Wright, Robert (rwright2@unl.edu ) - University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Crespo, Andre (andre.crespo@corteva.com ) - Corteva Agriscience; Huang, Fangneng (FHuang@AgCenter.lsu.edu ) - Louisiana State University; Reinders, Jordan (jordan.reinders3@huskers.unl.edu ) - University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Ludwick, Dalton (dalton.ludwick@ag.tamu.edu ) - Texas A&M AgriLife; Sappington, Thomas (Tom.Sappington@usda.gov ) - USDA Agricultural Research Service; Carroll, Matthew (matthew.carroll1@bayer.com ) - Bayer CropScience; Coates, Brad (brad.coates@usda.gov ) - USDA-ARS; Hunt, Thomas (thunt2@unl.edu ) - University of Nebraska; Hamby, Kelly (kahamby@umd.edu ) - University of Maryland; Hutchison, Bill (hutch002@umn.edu ) - University of Minnesota; Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis (jurat@utk.edu ) - University of Tennessee; Dively, Galen (galen@umd.edu ) - University of Maryland; Oyediran, Isaac (isaac.oyediran@syngenta.com ) - Syngenta Crop Protection LLC; Owens, David (owensd@udel.edu ) - University of Delaware; Hibbard, Bruce (Bruce.Hibbard@usda.gov ) - USDA-ARS; Meinke, Lane (lmeinke1@unl.edu ) - University of Nebraska-Lincoln; McManus, Bradley (Bradley.McManus@sdstate.edu ) - South Dakota State University; Villanueva, Raul (raul.villanueva@uky.edu ) - University of Kentucky. Tessnow, Ashley (Ashley.Tessnow@ag.tamu.edu) - Texas A&M University; Yang, Fei (fei.yang@ag.tamu.edu); Buntin, G. David (gbuntin@uga.edu) - University of Georgia; Gassmann, Aaron (aaronjg@iastate.edu) - Iowa State University; McCornack, Brian (mccornac@ksu.edu) - Kansas State University; Pecarcik, Adrian (adrian.pecarcik@usda.gov) - United States Department of Agriculture; Das, Sagnika (sagnika2@illinois.edu) - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Crossley, Michael (crossley@udel.edu) - University of Delaware; Fisher, Kelsey (Kelsey.Fisher@ct.gov) - Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station; Bick, Emily (ebick@wisc.edu) - University of Wisconsin.

Brief Summary of Minutes

January 24, 2023: 27 members in attendance, 7 online

8:00 A.M. Introduction by Katelyn Kesheimer

8:10 A.M. Administrative update by John Ruberson

- Project rewrite submitted by September 2024; final proposal due December 1, 2024

- Excellence in Multistate Research Award due February 28. Award is $15,000 ($5K for travel; $10K to be used towards project)

- Next meeting tentatively Jan 23-25^th, 2024

Individual state reports

Alabama: low overall pest pressure - high temp, high drought early

Florida: armigera, no detections. Resistance monitoring, Bt and insecticides. Resistance to diamide in Spodoptera exigua

Georgia: 10-15% increase in acreage. Stink bugs number one pest; high numbers early, shut down by hot weather. Older Cry traits failed completely for CEW, Cry2 traits with some suppression (20-30%), only VIP performing well

Illinois: CRW population update. Bt bioassays on SmartStax Pro for NCR and WCR, NCR very susceptible, some survival by WCR in Champaign. Populations very resistant to Cry3 traits

Indiana: no/few issues with NCRW. very low numbers of WCR, some growers moving away from below-ground traits. no issues with FAW in 2022. study comparing robot vs human scouting, low defoliation compromised study.

Iowa: NCR & WCR, fairly high pressure around the state; Numerous projects on CRW. Identified virus integrations in SCRW Work on impact of habitat manipulation on monarch butterfly populations. Good CEW pressure in sweet corn sentinel monitoring, VIP still providing full control, other traits compromised. Working with a resistant FAW population on genetic control.

Kansas: Looking at EPN efficacy in western KS. CEW one of bigger pests. Field in eastern Kansas 25% infested with ECB. Isolated issues with CRW; some chinch bug in corn.

Kentucky: Low insect pressure. Brown marmorated stink bugs, started to see in soybean and corn since 2020. Lots of Japanese beetle silk feeding. No issues with FAW in 2022. Some non-GMO acreage with ECB.

Louisiana: No change in resistance status of CEW, still very resistant to Cry1/Cry2 traits. Low populations of FAW in 2022.

Maryland: network of pheromone traps, testing different pheromones, cost/benefit of seed treatments study. Llot of use of Capture in-furrow on top of seed treatments, looking at impact of these practices on slug predation/populations.

Michigan: Asiatic garden beetle, variable stunting of plants due to AGB. Redesign of Bt trait table, draft is available, up to 1.5 pages, available for review.

Minnesota: traits not working well for WCRW. expansion of NCRW range, lot of work needed. no yield difference in insecticide on top of Bt traits. ECB areawide suppression study - random survey (~85% Bt). Using non-Bt fields to understand effect of "halo" effect of Bt corn planting. ECB hot spots where farmers have multiple years of non-Bt corn/silage corn.

10 A.M. Sara Delheimer, USDA-NIFA, multi-state impact statements

Stress change in knowledge, behavior, or condition

Use concise, accessible language free from jargon

Recent NC246 impact statements were generally considered strong

11:55 A.M. Special announcement by Tom Hunt:

Opportunity to submit a symposium to international convention of plant protection, July 1-5 2024 in Athens, Greece

1:30 P.M. State reports continued:

Missouri: looking for postdoc, will soon hire a USDA Research Entomologist.

Nebraska: high WBC numbers in state, including areas with historically lower numbers. Late plantings acting as trap crops for CRW, CEW and others. Dry overall, spider mites in corn. Japanese beetle interest (new to area). Popcorn growers have issues with ECB from time to time, frequent insecticide applications. Moderate to very high CRW problems in irrigated areas. Three-year project evaluating current CRW tactics. Reduction in NIR with insecticides but typically not a yield loss. Pyramids compromised, typically don't lodge.

North Carolina: stink bugs main insect pest; numbers low in 2022. Stink bug issues at ear formation. New project on overwintering of stink bugs near corn. Southern corn billbug is a major issue on a limited acreage (poor drainage mostly), seems to be expanding. Some VIP corn injury - limited geography, drought pressure; increase in RRs this year.

Ohio: Monitoring FAW, CEW, and WBC in 2022. Slug trapping study in corn, better sampling with pitfalls than shingle traps. Asiatic garden beetle.

Ontario: WBC, similar situation to previous years. Lot of resistance cases with CRW. ECB, Cry1F- resistant populations found in Montreal and one in Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia. Strongly recessive resistance trait, no fitness cost. Almost 400 trap sites in CRW monitoring network, new system for data entry. Working on documenting impact of CRW on forage quality. Potential regulatory issues with lambda-cyhalothrin in feed. Dimethoate-resistant spider mites becoming a problem.

South Dakota: relatively high CRW pressure. low CEW moth flights. research on ground beetle populations, soil invertebrate communities. CRW colonies will be downsized.

Tennessee: using Cry1F-resistant FAW as a model to implement genetic marker-based resistance monitoring. examining resistance mechanisms to Bt in FAW and CEW. CEW typically binding site alteration, FAW seems to be modifications to proteolysis. currently producing Bt proteins for resistance monitoring bioassays,

Texas: Some CEW. No signs of VIP3 resistance (Corpus Christi). Not seeing resistance issues with fall armyworm. Hired new extension entomologist in Amarillo. Continuing sweet corn Bt sentinel plots; comparison study with Bt field corn (ABSTC-recommended screen). Lubbock: extremely high FAW flights in May and June.

Wisconsin: No FAW; CRW resistance concerns. Slug problems in northern Wisconsin.

Delaware: slugs and stink bugs were most important pests. Spider mite activity in seedling corn in some cases.

3:30 P.M., Brad Coates: The western corn rootworm genome and beyond

CRW genome

Genes for chemosensory are expanded compared with other beetles, particularly monophagous beetles

ATP binding casettes and CP450s (involved in pesticide resistance) also expanded

Coates et al. 2023 (perhaps 2022)

4:00 P.M. Christian Krupke: Next steps for the Bt hybrids: Trait costs vs. rootworm damage

Trait use outpaces actual need

How to put the economic analysis of this information to use for stakeholders?

4:30 P.M. Elson Shields: The interaction of neonic seed treatments and persistent EPNs along with seed corn maggot vs seed treatments in NY

Observed interaction between EPNs and insecticide seed treatments for CRW control

https://persistentbiocontrol.com

January 25, 2023 (Open session with industry representatives): 30 in attendance, 7 online (estimated)

8:00 A.M. Introductions by Chair (Katelyn Kesheimer)

8:15 A.M. Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes: Targeted sequencing as a tool to improve resistance screening

Amplification and detection of resistance alleles. FAW is model

Working on methods to detect unknown resistance mechanisms

Will try to apply to ECB which has same/similar mechanism for Cry1F resistance.

8:30 A.M. Emily Bick: Digital entomology

Using lidar-based sensors to detect insects

Tractor mounted sensors to detect insect density in real time. Using machine learning to classify species.

Future uses: automated phenotyping for insect resistance; precision insect mapping; quantifying biodiversity in different settings; regional insect monitoring/forecasting

Working on cheaper sensors

9:00 A.M. Kara Welch (US EPA): EPA update

Lepidopteran IRM framework currently under development

Will probably be finished this year

New IRM staff on board

9:30 A.M. Galen Dively: Sweet corn monitoring network

Using sweet corn as a diagnostic screen to detect Bt field susceptibility changes.

Compares Bt varieties with true isolines

Cry1Ab PFR has gradually increased over time (=1.0) Cry2Ab2 PFR around 0.92-0.95.

10:05 A.M. Special announcement by Tom Sappington:

2023 International Working Group on Ostrinia meeting in Kenya

10:15 A.M. Matt Carroll (Bayer CropScience): status of IRM framework for lepidopteran pests of Bt corn and cotton, academic research licenses

Update on IRM framework: establishing corn sentinel plot network in cotton states.

Sweet corn preferred, but field corn is an option. Focused on VIP3A.

Targeting late-normal planting date. Goal is to implement resistance mitigation efforts in cotton based on results.

Establishing WBC network as well.

E-mail Matt Carroll to sign up for sentinel plot network.

11:00 A.M. Group discussion on relaxed research agreements

Situation is largely similar to last few years

1:30 P.M. Katelyn Kesheimer/Chris DiFonzo: Lepidoptera in hemp

Main pests are CEW, ECB, WBC.

Feeding assays of WBC on hemp indicate some survival. In hemp, top three caterpillar pests are CEW, yellowstriped armyworm, FAW.

Current work on IPM strategies for H. zea, greenhouse pest management, impacts of N fertilizer/irrigation on arthropod populations. Fire ants also a major issue

2:00 P.M. Pat Porter: Corn earworm adult emergence

Moth emergence period from corn is narrow.

Manipulated irrigation

Non-irrigated corn dramatically reduced adult emergence

2:30 P.M. Kelley Tilmon: Slugs

Looking at relationship between cover crops and slugs, impact of insecticides on slug populations in corn-soy rotations, degree day modeling, threshold establishment, nematodes as a slug biocontrol.

2:35 P.M. Introduction of Kelsey Fisher (Connecticut Agriculture Experiment Station)

Integrating pollinator management with pest management.

Insect movement and dispersal ecology, works with stable isotopes. Interested in discussing CRW dispersal, studying using stable isotopes.

2:45 P.M. Fei Yang, Texas A&M (starting at Minnesota in May)

Bt resistance monitoring in cotton, Cry1Ac, Cry2Ab, and VIP3A. 137 field populations.

Dose-response diet overlay bioassay. No VIP RR > 10. RR gradually increasing, small overall RR.

Found synergistic effects of above-ground toxins on CEW.

4:00 P.M. Dominic Reisig: Bt refuge compliance

Multiple factors: common pool resource, limited marketing of refuge hybrids, conducting surveys on availability of non-Bt seeds.

Emotional appeal more effective than information alone in proportion of respondents who intended to plant a refuge.

January 26, 2023: 17 individuals in attendance

8:00 A.M. Updates from Local Arrangements committee

Motion to accept Savannah with Cleveland as a secondary option; motion carries

8:05 A.M. Nominations committee

Silvana Paula-Moraes was nominated and elected Secretary

8:15 A.M. Tom Sappington: Resident and migrant phenotypes in western corn rootworm populations

10 years since last update on CRW dispersal behavior

Argues WCRW is partially migratory species

Discussion about biology and dispersal; Gus may have added some discussion about pheromone titers

8:45 A.M. Adrian Pekarcik: Asiatic garden beetle research in Ohio

Higher damage in sandy soils

Golf cup cutter better sampling method

Adult sampling via WBC trapping method (milk jug with propylene glycol)

1 grub/cup cutter sample results in stunting; 2 grubs/cup leads to plant death

Low mortality (~30%) from a single year study of EPNs isolated from Ohio

9:30 A.M. Chris Philips: NIFA updates

Restaffing NIFA (80 to 300)

Increase of about 74 million for NIFA

10 million dollar increase for AFRI over FY22

Updates on CPPM, AFRI, Small Business, BRAG, and other grant programs

Farm Bill to go in September 2023

10 A.M. Adrian Pekarcik: Availability of western and northern corn rootworm from the USDA ARS lab in Brookings

Most lines are going to be ended; some are going to be sent to other labs for maintenance

Non-diapausing/diapausing WCR and non-diapausing NCR will be maintained

10:30 A.M. Ashley Tessnow: Fall armyworm

Texas haplotype origin for most of the USA

Mixing of Florida and Texas genotypes in Alabama through New Jersey; Florida dominant in South Carolina and Florida

Majority of genetic variation comes by strains; some geographic disparity within the corn strain

Allochronic separation of strains – corn strains active earlier than rice strain

Accomplishments

Individual state reports were received from 13 states (Delaware, Florida,  Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, MIchigan, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas), one Canadian province (Ontario) and one governmental agency (USDA-ARS). Listed in these reports are advancements related to corn pest management through many techniques and approaches.   Selected Outputs: WCR Genome. The USDA-ARS unit in Iowa recently published the WCR genome. This published genome will allow for investigations into insecticide and Bt resistance.   Handy Bt Trait Table. This highly used document is maintained and updated by Dr. Chris DiFonzo with input from NC246 members. The Handy Bt Trait Table continues to be used by crop consultants, corn growers, agroindustry, academics, and government personnel to understand insect traits, efficacy, and product names. Selected Extension Materials: Reisig, D. D. and A. S. Huseth. 2022. Insect control in field corn. 2022 North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual. North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, N.C. State University, Raleigh, N.C. pp. 76-79. Reinders, J. D. 2022. Integrated Crop Management Conference FieldNotes: Western corn rootworm resistance management: A Nebraska perspective. Iowa State University Extension. Available from: <a href="https://www.aep.iastate.edu/fieldnotes/notes/145.pdf">https://www.aep.iastate.edu/fieldnotes/notes/145.pdf</a> Wright, R. J., W. Ohnesorg & J. McMechan. 2022.  Insect Management, pp. 309-348, in 2022 Guide for Weed, Disease, and Insect Management in Nebraska, EC 130, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension. Robert Wright, Kyle Koch & Justin McMechan. 2022. Scout Emerging Corn for Insects; Don’t Assume Protection. <a href="https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2020/scout-emerging-corn-insects-dont-assume-protection">https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2020/scout-emerging-corn-insects-dont-assume-protection</a> Robert Wright. 2022. Managing stalk borers in corn. <a href="https://cropwatch.unl.edu/common-stalk-borer-scouting">https://cropwatch.unl.edu/common-stalk-borer-scouting</a> Gracie Keiter, Jeffrey Cluever, Julie Peterson, Robert Wright & Jeff Bradshaw 2022. Degree-days for Prediction of Western Bean Cutworm Flight. <a href="https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2021/degree-days-prediction-western-bean-cutworm-flight">https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2021/degree-days-prediction-western-bean-cutworm-flight</a> Robert Wright, Justin McMechan & Kyle Koch. 2022. Japanese Beetles Emerging; Scout Corn and Soybean Fields.  <a href="https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2019/japanese-beetles">https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2019/japanese-beetles</a> Julie Peterson, Robert Wright, Jeff Bradshaw & Thomas Hunt. 2022.  Scouting and Treatment Recommendations for Western Bean Cutworm. <a href="https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2020/scouting-and-treatment-recommendations-western-bean-cutworm">https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2020/scouting-and-treatment-recommendations-western-bean-cutworm</a> Robert Wright & Justin McMechan. 2022. Grasshoppers Return ― It’s Time to Scout Field Borders <a href="https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2019/grasshopper-management">https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2019/grasshopper-management</a> Robert Wright & Julie Peterson. 2022. Scout Now for Corn Rootworm Beetles to Assess Potential Risk of Future Damage. <a href="https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2017/scout-now-corn-rootworm-beetles-assess-potential-risk-future-damage">https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2017/scout-now-corn-rootworm-beetles-assess-potential-risk-future-damage</a> Robert Wright, Julie Peterson & Tom Hunt. 2022. Identifying Spider Mite Damage and the Species Responsible. <a href="https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2016/identifying-spider-mite-damage-species-responsible">https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2016/identifying-spider-mite-damage-species-responsible</a> Robert Wright, Julie Peterson & Tom Hunt. 2022. Managing Spider Mites in Corn and Soybean. <a href="https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2016/managing-spider-mites-corn-and-soybean">https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2016/managing-spider-mites-corn-and-soybean</a> Igwe, P.-G., Cramer, M. , Owens, D., Dively, G., and Hamby, K. Accepted. Managing slugs in field crops using IPM principals, University of Maryland Extension Fact Sheet Cramer, M.E., and Hamby, K.A. 2022. Optimizing early season insect pest management in field corn. Maryland Grain Producers and Utilization Board 2022 Report. Reisig, D., Kesheimer, K., Bateman, N., Studebaker, G., Meyer, R., Reay-Jones, F., Shields, E., Owens, D., Buntin, G.D., Seiter, N., Hodgson, E., Sisson, A., Zukoff, A., Villanueva, R., Towles, T., Hamby, K.,  DiFonzo, C., Hutchison, B., Potter, B., Catchot, A., Cook, D., Bradshaw, J., Peterson, J., Beauzay, P., Knodel, J., Tilmon, K., Baute, T., Varenhorst, A., Brown, S. Kerns, D., Porter, P., Taylor, S., and Jensen, B. 2022. Corn invertebrate loss estimates from the United States and Ontario, Canada - 2021. Crop Protection Network. CPN-2019-21 https://cropprotectionnetwork.org/publications/corn-invertebrate-loss-estimates-from-the-united-states-and-ontario-canada-2021 Brown, K., Brown, S., J.A. David, R. Diaz, B. Fitzpatrick, K. Healy, F. Huang, N. Lord, T. Reagan, D. Ring, M. Stout, T. Smith, Q. Sun, B. Wilson 2022. Louisiana Insect Pest Management Guide. LSU AgCenter. Pub. 1838. pp 233. NDSU Extension Crop & Pest Report (newsletter): New website listed below. https://www.ndsu.edu/agriculture/ag-hub/ag-topics/crop-production/crop-pest-report Multi-state Efforts: <ul> <li>Pat Porter (Texas A&M AgriLife) and David Buntin (University of Georgia) continued to evaluate Bt resistance monitoring techniques with ABSTC support</li> <li>Bruce HIbbard (USDA-ARS) and Dalton Ludwick (Texas A&M AgriLife) continued to investigate Mexican corn rootworm biology</li> <li>Tracey Baute (Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs) organized the Great Lakes and Maritimes Pest Monitoring Network with five states and six Canadian provinces</li> <li>Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes (University of Tennessee-Knoxville) produced and disseminated VIP3Aa39 protein for resistance monitoring efforts</li> <li>Dominic Reisig (North Carolina State University) and Sally Taylor (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) received funding (USDA-NIFA-CPPM) to improve Extension efforts related to Bt corn refuge planting</li> <li>Lance Meinke (University of Nebraska-Lincoln) and Joseph Spencer (Illinois Natural History Survey) served as guest editors for a special issue in Insects entitled, “Corn Rootworm: Biology, Ecology, Behavior, and Integrated Pest Management”</li> <li>Erin Hodgson and Ashley Dean (Iowa State) continue to coordinate a multi-state corn rootworm trapping network to document changes in western and northern corn rootworm abundance in the U.S. and Canada</li> </ul>   Impacts: <ul> <li>NC246 members continued to have thousands of contacts through traditional Extension avenues.</li> <li>NC246 members in Nebraska, Illinois, and Iowa initiated projects to evaluate pest management techniques for corn rootworms across a broad geographic region</li> <li>Collaborative efforts to increase knowledge on pest biology were made across the globe, including in North America, Africa, and Asia</li> <li>Bt resistance monitoring with sweet corn sentinel plots, under the leadership of Galen Dively (University of Maryland), continued with 24 states and four Canadian provinces participating</li> </ul>

Publications

Banerjee, R., C. P. de Bortoli, F. Huang, K. H. Lamour, R. Meagher, D. Buntin, X. Ni, F. P. Reay Jones, S. D. Stewart, and J. L. Jurat-Fuentes (2022).  <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-17603-3">Large genomic deletion linked to field-evolved resistance to Cry1F corn in fall armyworm (</a><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-17603-3">Spodoptera frugiperda</a><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-17603-3">) from Florida</a>.  Scientific Reports, 12(1):13580 doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-17603-3. Prabu, S., J. Dapeng, J. L. Jurat-Fuentes, Z. Wang, and K. He (2022).  <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1022445/full">Hemocyte response to treatment of susceptible and resistant Asian corn borer (</a><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1022445/full">Ostrinia furnacalis</a><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1022445/full">) larvae with Cry1F toxin from </a><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1022445/full">Bacillus thuringiensis</a>.  Frontiers in Immunology, vol 13: pp.1022445. Couch, T., T. Jackson, and J. L. Jurat-Fuentes.  2022.  Commercial production of entomopathogenic bacteria.  Mass Production of Beneficial Organisms (2nd Edition), Editors: Juan Morales-Ramos, M. Guadalupe Rojas, David Shapiro-Ilan. Chapter 12, pp. 359-373. Academic Press. Arends, B., D. Reisig, S. Gundry, J. Greene, G. Kennedy, F. Reay-Jones, and A. Huseth. 2022. Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) feeding incidence and survival on Bt maize in relation to maize in the landscape. Pest Manage. Sci. 78: 2309-2315. doi: 10.1002/ps.6855 Reisig, D. D., C. DiFonzo, G. Dively, Y. Farhan, J. Gore, and J. Smith. 2022. Best management practices to delay the evolution of Bt resistance in lepidopteran pests without high susceptibility to Bt toxins in North America. J. Econ. Entomol. 115: 26-36. doi: 10.1093/jee/toab247 Van den Berg, J., D. Reisig, and M. Brewer. 2022. A special collection: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm): ecology and management of its world-scale invasion outside the Americas. J. Econ. Entomol. 115: 1725-1728 doi: 10.1093/jee/toac143 Reinders, J. D., E. E. Reinders, E. A. Robinson, W. J. Moar, P. A. Price, G. P. Head, and L. J. Meinke. 2022. Characterizing the sublethal effects of SmartStax® PRO dietary exposure on life history traits of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. PLOS ONE 17(5): e0268902. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268902 Blessing Ademokoya, Kacie Athey & John Ruberson. 2022. Natural Enemies and Biological Control of Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in North America. Insects, 13(10), 932; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13100932">https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13100932</a> Douglas Lawton, Anders Huseth, George Kennedy, Amy Morey, William Hutchison, Dominic Reisig, Seth Dorman, DeShae Dillard, Robert Venette, Russell Groves, John Adamczyk, Izailda Barbosa Dos Santos, Tracey Baute, Eric Burkness, Ashley Dean, Galen Dively, Seth Dorman, Helene Doughty, Shelby Fleischer, Jessica Green, Jeremy Greene, Krista Hamilton, Erin Hodgson, Thomas Hunt, Sean Malone, Fred Musser, David Owens, John Palumbo, Silvana Paula-Moraes, Julie Peterson, Francis Reay-Jones, Dominic Reisig, Silvia Rondon, Abby Seaman, Lori Spears, Scott Stewart, Sally Taylor, Tyler Towles, Celeste Welty, Joanne Whalen, Robert Wright, and Marion Zuefle. 2022. Helicoverpa zea population dynamics are driven by a continental overwintering gradient. PNAS.  DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203230119 Coates, B. S., K. O. Walden, D. Lata, N. N. Vellichirammal, R. F. Mitchell, M. N. Anderson, R. McKay, M. D. Lorenzen, N. Grubs, Y. Wang, J. Han, J. L. Xuan, P. Willadsen, H. Wang, B. W.  French, R. Bansal, S. Sedky, D. Souza, D. Bunn, L. J. Meinke, N. J. Miller, B. D. Siegfried, T. W. Sappington, H. M. Robertson, 2023. A draft Diabrotica virgifera virgifera genome: insights into control and host plant adaptation by a major maize pest insect. BMC Genomics (2023) 24:19.  <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08990-y">https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08990-y</a>.   Carmona, G., E. Robinson, A. Rosa, C. Proctor, and A.J. McMechan. 2022. Impact of cover crop planting and termination dates on arthropod activity in the follow corn. Journal of Economic Entomology. 115 (4): 1177-1190. Carmona, G. E. Robinson, J. Campos, and A.J. McMechan. 2022. Impact of timing and use of an insecticide on arthropods in cover crop-corn systems. Insects. 13(4): 348-366. Krueger A.J., Rault L.C., Robinson E.A., Weissling T.J., Vélez A.M., and T.D. Anderson. 2022. Pyrethroid insecticide and milkweed cardenolide interactions on detoxification enzyme activity and expression in monarch caterpillars. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048357522001407">Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology</a><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048357522001407">. 187: 105173.</a> Rodrigues T.B., Rieske L.K., Narva K.E., Roberts A., and A.M. Vélez. 2022. Editorial: New Applications of Insecticidal RNAi. Frontiers in Agronomy. <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2022.903841/full">Frontiers in Agronomy</a><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2022.903841/full">. 4:903841.</a> Darlington M., Reinders J.D., Sethi A., Lu A.L., Ramaseshadri P., Fischer J.R., Boeckman C.J., Petrick J.S., Roper J.M., Narva, K.E., and A.M. Vélez. 2022. RNAi for western corn rootworm: Lessons learner, challenges, and future directions. Insects. <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/1/57/htm">13(1): 57.</a> Reinders, J. D., and L. J. Meinke. 2022. Reduced susceptibility of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) populations to Cry34/35Ab1-expressing maize in northeast Nebraska. Scientific Reports 12: 19221. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-23755-z. Reinders, J. D., E. E. Reinders, E. A. Robinson, B. W. French, and L. J. Meinke. 2022. Evidence of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) field-evolved resistance to Cry3Bb1 + Cry34/35Ab1 maize in Nebraska. Pest Management Science 78(4): 1356-1366. doi: 10.1002/ps.6752. Vélez A.M., Jurat-Fuentes J.L., Bohnenblust E., Rathore K., Smagghe G., Whyard S., Kogel K.H., and K.E. Narva. RNA Interference in Agriculture: Methods, Applications, and Governance. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST). Accepted. DiFonzo, C.D. 2022. Western bean cutworm feeding and development on industrial hemp in the laboratory and field. Great Lakes Entomol. 55 (1): 1-9. Reisig, D., K. Kesheimer, N. Bateman, G. Studebaker, R. Meyer, F. Reay-Jones, E. Shields, D. Owens, G. D. Buntin, N. Seiter, E. Hodgson, A. Sisson, A. Zukoff, R. Villanueva, T. Towles, K. Hamby, C. DiFonzo, B. Hutchison, B. Potter, A. Catchot, D. Cook, J. Bradshaw, J. Peterson, P. Beauzay, J. Knodel, K. Tilmon, T. Baute, A. Varenhorst, S. Brown, D. Kerns, P. Porter, S. Taylor, and B. Jensen. 2022. Corn invertebrate loss estimates from the United States and Ontario, Canada - 2021. Crop Protection Network. CPN-2019-21. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20220722-0">https://doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20220722-0</a> Reisig, D., C. DiFonzo, G. Dively, J. Gore, Y. Farhan, J. Gore, and J. Smith. 2022. Best management practices to delay the evolution of Bt resistance in Lepidopteran pests without high susceptibility to Bt toxins in North America. Journal of Integrated Pest Management 115(1): 10-25. Fritz, M.L. 2022. Utility and challenges of using whole-genome resequencing to detect emerging insect and mite resistance in agroecosystems. Evolutionary Applications 15(10): 1505-1520 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13484 Lawton, D., Huseth, A.S., Kennedy, G.G., Morey, A.C., Hutchison, W.D., Reisig, D.D., Dorman, S.J., Dillard, D., Venette, R.C., Groves, R.L., Adamczyk, J.J., Barbosa Dos Santos, I., Baute, T., Brown, S., Burkness, E., Dean, A., Dively, G.P., Doughty, H.B., Fleischer, S.J., Green, J., Greene, J.K., Hamilton, K., Hodgson, E., Hunt, T., Kerns, D., Leonard, B.R., Malone, S., Musser, F., Owens, D., Palumbo, J.C., Paula-Moraes, S., Peterson, J.A., Ramirez, R., Rondon, S.I., Schilder, T.L., Seaman, A., Spears, L., Stewart, S.D., Taylor, S., Towles, T., Welty, C., Whalen, J., Wright, R., Zuefle, M., 2022. Pest population dynamics are related to a continental overwintering gradient. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 119, e2203230119. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2203230119">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2203230119</a> Blanco, C.A., K. Conover, G. Hernandez, G. Valentini, M. Portilla, C.A. Abel, P. Williams, U. Nava-Camberos, W.D. Hutchison, and G.P. Dively. 2022. Grain Yield is not Impacted by early defoliation of maize: Implications for fall armyworm action thresholds. Southwestern Entomol.  47(2): 335-344. Dively, G.P., and Terrence Patton. 2022. An evaluation of cultural and chemical control practices to reduce slug damage in no-till corn, Insects 13, no. 3: 277. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13030277">https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13030277</a> Dominic D Reisig, Chris DiFonzo, Galen Dively, Yasmine Farhan, Jeff Gore, and Jocelyn Smith. 2022.  Best management practices to delay the evolution of Bt resistance in lepidopteran pests without high susceptibility to bt toxins in North America, J. Econ. Entomol. 115: 26-36,. Krishnan, H.B., S. Kim, A.E. Pereira, A. Jurkevich, and B.E. Hibbard. 2022. Adenanthera pavonina, a potential plant-based protein resource: seed protein composition and immunohistochemical localization of trypsin inhibitors. Food Chemistry: X 13 (2022) 100253. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100253">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100253</a>. Paddock, K.J., D.L. Finke, K.S. Kim, T.W. Sappington, and B.E. Hibbard. 2022. Patterns of microbiome composition vary across spatial scales in a specialist insect.  Frontiers in Microbiol. 13:898744. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.898744">https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.898744</a> Huynh, M.P., B.E. Hibbard, K.-V. Ho, and K.S. Shelby. 2022. Toxicometabolomic profiling of resistant and susceptible western corn rootworm larvae feeding on Bt maize seedlings. Scientific Reports 12:11639. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-15895-z">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-15895-z</a> Pereira, A.E., M.P. Huynh, K.J. Paddock, J.L. Ramirez, E.P. Caragata, G. Dimopoulos, H.B. Krishnan, S.K. Schneider, K.S. Shelby, and B.E. Hibbard. 2022. Chromobacterium Csp-P biopesticide is highly toxic to larvae of three Diabrotica species including strains resistant to Bacillus thuringiensis. Scientific Reports 12:17858. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22229-6">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22229-6</a>. Pereira, A.E., R.W. Geisert, and Bruce E. Hibbard. 2022. Maize inbred Mp708 is highly susceptible to western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in field and greenhouse assays. J. Insect Sci. 22(6): 8; 1–5, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/ieac067">https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/ieac067</a> Paddock, K.J., K. Dellamano, B.E. Hibbard, K.S. Shelby. eCry3.1Ab-resistant western corn rootworm larval midgut epithelia respond minimally to Bt intoxication. 2023. J. Econ. Entomol. (Published on-line without final page numbers) Jabeur, R., V. Guyon, S. Toth, A.E. Pereira, M.P. Huynh, Z. Selmani, W. Paul, M. Bosio, L. Beuf, P. Clark, D. Vallenet, W. Achouak, C. Audiffrin, F. Torney, T. Heulin, B.E. Hibbard, S. Toepfer, and C. Sallaud. 2023. A novel binary pesticidal protein from Chryseobacterium arthrosphaerae controls Diabrotica virgifera virgifera via a different mode of action to existing commercial pesticidal proteins.  PLoS ONE: – accepted, in press.  Lawton, D. et al. 2022. Pest population dynamics are related to a continental overwintering gradient. PNAS 119 (37) e2203230119. Quan, Y., C. E. Mason, K. He, Z. Wang, and H. Wei. 2022. Impact of heat waves on egg survival and biological performance across life stages in the Asian corn borer. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 171: 129-137 Dillard, D., D. D. Reisig, and F.P.F. Reay-Jones. Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in-season and overwintering pupation response to soil type. Environmental Entomology. In press. Banerjee, R., C.P. de Bortoli, F. Huang, K. Lamour, R. Meagher, D. Buntin, X. Ni, F.P.F. Reay-Jones. S. Stewart, J.L. Jurat-Fuentes. 2022. Large genomic deletion linked to field-evolved resistance to Cry1F corn in fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) from Florida. Scientific Reports. 12: 13580. Smith, J., and Y. Farhan. Monitoring resistance of Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Canada to Cry toxins produced by Bt corn following detection of field-evolved resistance to Cry1Fa. (2022) Journal of Economic Entomology. In Press. Farhan, Y., Limay-Rios, V., Schaafsma, A.W., and J.L. Smith. Susceptibility and field exposure of Striacosta albicosta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs and larvae in Ontario, Canada to four insecticides. (2022) Pest Management Science. doi.org/10.1002/ps.6998. Abel, C. A. and W. P. Williams.  2022. Evaluation of twenty maize germplasms from Belize, French Guiana, Guyana, and Suriname for resistance to leaf-feeding Spodoptera frugiperda. Southwestern Entomologist. 47:559-564. Coates, B. S., K. K. O. Walden, D. Lata, N. N. Vellichirammal, R. F. Mitchell, M. N. Andersson, R. McKay, M. D. Lorenzen, N. Grubbs, Y. H. Wang, J. Han, J. L. Xuan, P., Willadsen, H. Wang, B. W. French, R. Bansal, S. Sedky, D. Souza, D. Bunn, L. J. Meinke, N. J. Miller, B. D. Siegfried, T. W. Sappington, H. M. Robertson, 2023. A draft Diabrotica virgifera virgifera genome: insights into control and host plant adaption by a major maize pest insect. BMC Genomics 24: 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08990-y Kurneth, H. D., S. M. Bogdanowicz, J. B. Searle, R. G. Harrison, B. S. Coates, G. M. Kozak, and E. B. Dopman. 2022. Consequences of coupled barriers to gene flow for the build-up of genomic differentiation. Evolution 76(5): 985-1002. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.14466 Lata, D., B. S. Coates, K. K. O. Walden, H. M. Robertson, and N. J. Miller. 2021. Genome size evolution in the beetle genus Diabrotica. G3 12(4): jkac052. https://doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkac052 Paddock, K. J., D. L. Finke, K. S. Kim, T. W. Sappington, and B. E. Hibbard. 2022. Patterns of microbiome composition vary across spatial scales in a specialist insect. Frontiers in Microbiology 13: 898744.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.898744 Stahlke, A. R., J. Chang, L. R. Tembrock, S. B. Sim, S. Chudalayandi, S. M. Geib, B. R. Scheffler, O. P. Perera, T. M. Gilligan, A. K. Childers, K. J. Hackett, and B. S. Coates. 2022. A chromosome-scale genome assembly of a Helicoverpa zea strain resistant to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac insecticidal protein. Genome Biol. Evol. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evac131 Tong, D., L. Zhang, N. Wu, D. Xie, G. Fang, B. S. Coates, T. W. Sappington, Y. Liu, Y. Cheng, J. Xia, X. Jiang, and S. Zhan. 2022. The oriental armyworm genome yields insights into the long-distance migration of noctuid moths. Cell Reports 41(12): 111843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111843 Blanco, C. A., K. Conover, G. Hernandez, G. Valentini, M. Portilla, C. A. Abel, P. Williams, U. Nava-Camberos, W. D. Hutchison, and G. P. Dively. 2022. Grain yield is not impacted by early corn defoliation: Implications for fall armyworm action thresholds. Southwestern Entomologist. 47:335-344. Feng, M., Y. Zhang, B. S. Coates, Q. Du, Y. Gao, L. Li, H. Yuan, W. Sun, X. Chang, S. Zhou, and Y. Wang. 2023. Assessment of Beauveria bassiana for the biological control of corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, in sweet maize by irrigation application. BioControl https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-022-10175-1 Grant, T. J., K. E. Fisher, N. Krishnan, A. N. Mullins, R. L. Hellmich, T. W. Sappington, J. S. Adelman, J. R. Coats, R. G. Hartzler, J. M. Pleasants, and S. P. Bradbury. 2022. Monarch butterfly ecology, behavior, and vulnerabilities in North Central United States agricultural landscapes. BioScience 72: 1176-1203. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biac094 Liu, S., T. W. Sappington, B. S. Coates, and B. C. Bonning. 2022. Sequences encoding a novel toursvirus identified from southern and northern corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Viruses 14(2): 397.  https://doi.org/10.3390/v14020397 Valmorbida, I., B. S. Coates, E. W. Hodgson, M. Ryan, and M. E. O’Neal. 2022. Evidence of enhanced reproductive performance and lack‐of‐fitness costs among soybean aphids, Aphis glycines, with varying levels of pyrethroid resistance. Pest Management Science, 78(5): 2000-2010. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6820 Wu, F., L. Zhang, Y. Liu, Y. Cheng, J. Su, T. W. Sappington, and X. Jiang. 2022. Population development, fecundity, and flight of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) reared on three green manure crops: implications for an ecologically based pest management approach in China. J. Econ. Entomol. 115: 124–132.  https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab235 Tessnow, A.E., T.J. Raszick, P. Porter, and G.A. Sword. Patterns of genomic and allochronic strain divergence in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). 2022. Ecology and Evolution. 12(3): 1-14. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8706. Kenis, M and 56 others (including F. Huang). 2022. Invasiveness, biology, ecology, and management of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Entomol. Generalis, https://10.1127/entomologia/2022/1659. de Oliveira, W.S., C.I.R Sakuno, L.L. Miraldo, M.A.G.C. Tavares, K.M.A., Komada, D. Teresani, J.L.X. Santos, and F. Huang. 2022.Varied frequencies of resistance alleles to Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac among Brazilian populations of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.). Pest Manag. Sci. 78: 5150–5163. Banerjee, R., C.P. de Bortoli, F. Huang, K. Lamour, R. Meagher, D. Buntin, X. Ni, F. Reay-Jones, S. Stewart, and J.L. Jurat-Fuentes. 2022. Large genomic deletion linked to field-evolved resistance to Cry1F corn in fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) from Florida. Sci. Rep. 12:13580. Lin, S., I. Oyediran, Y. Niu, S. Brown, D. Cook, X. Ni, Y. Zhang, F. P.F. Reay-Jones, J. S. Chen, Z. Wen, M. Dimase, and F. Huang. 2022. Resistance allele frequency to Cry1Ab and Vip3Aa20 in Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Louisiana and three other southeastern U.S. states. Toxins 4, 270. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14040270. Yu, W., G. Head, and F. Huang. 2022. Inheritance of resistance to Cry1A.105 in Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Insects. 13, 875. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13100875 Yu, W., G.P. Head, P. Price, S. Brown, D. Cook, X. Ni, F. P.F. Reay-Jones, M. Dimase, and F. Huang. 2022. Estimation of resistance allele frequencies to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in the corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with F2 isolines generated from a mass-mating method, Crop Prot. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2022.106054. Rabelo, M.M., Dimase, M., Paula-Moraes, S.V. 2022. Ecology and management of the invasive land snail Bulimulus bonariensis (Stylommatophora: Bulimulidae) in row crops. Front. Insect Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2022.1056545 Flores-Rivera, X. L.G, Paula-Moraes, S.V., Johnson, J.W., Perera, O.P. 2022. Helicoverpa genus on the edge of the continental U.S.: Flight phenology, analysis of hybrid presence, and insecticide performance in high-input field crops in Puerto Rico. Front. Insect Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2022.1010310 Lawton D., Huseth. A.S., Kennedy,  G.G., Morey, A.C., Hutchison,  W.D., Reisig,  D.D., Dorman, S.J., Dillard, D., Venette, R.C., Groves, R.L., Adamczyk, J.J., Barbosa Dos Santos, I.G, Baute, T., Brown, S., Burkness, E., Dean, A., Dively, G.P., Doughty, H.B., Fleischer, S.J., Green, J., Greene, J.K., Hamilton, K., Hodgson, E., Hunt, T., Kerns, D., Leonard, B.R., Malone, S., Musser, F., Owens, D., Palumbo, J.C., Paula-Moraes, S., Peterson, J.A., Ramirez, R., Rondon, S.I., Schilder, T.L., Seaman, A., Spears, L., Stewart, S., Taylor, S., Towles, T., Welty, C., Whalen, J., Wright, R., Zuefle, M. 2022. Pest dynamics are driven by a continental overwintering gradient. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119. Resende, E.S., Beuzelin, J.M., Dunkley, V.E., Paula-Moraes, S.V., Seal, D.R., Nuessly, G.S. 2022. Pyrethroid susceptibility in field populations of picture-winged flies (Diptera: Ulidiidae) infesting fresh market sweet corn in Florida. Journal of Economic Entomology,115: 1685–1692. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toac12510. https://doi.org/1073/pnas.2203230119.

Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 03/12/2024

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 01/23/2024 - 01/25/2024
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2023 - 12/31/2023

Participants

Bryant, Tim - Clemson University, Dayton, Jacob - Tufts University, Deeb, Susanne - University of Georgia, Buntin, G. David - University of Georgia, Calixto Soares, Eduardo – University of Florida, Caprio, Michael A. - Mississippi State University, Coates, Brad - USDA-ARS, DiFonzo, Chris - Michigan State University, Fisher, Kelsey - Connecticut Experiment Station, Gassmann, Aaron - Iowa State University, Guedes Pereira, Eliseu J. - University of Florida, Hamby, Kelly - University of Maryland, Huang, Fangneng - Louisiana State University, Hutchison, Bill - University of Minnesota, Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis - University of Tennessee, Krupke, Christian - Purdue University, Ludwick, Dalton - USDA-ARS, McManus, Bradley - South Dakota State University, Owens, Avalon - Harvard University, Paula-Moraes, Silvana - University of Florida, Pekarcik, Adrian - USDA-ARS, Porter, Pat - Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, Reay-Jones, Francis - Clemson University, Reisig, Dominic - North Carolina State University, Ruberson, John - University of Nebraska, Santiago Gonzalez, Jose - Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, Sappington, Tom - USDA-ARS, Seiter, Nicholas - University of Illinois, Smith, Jocelyn - University of Guelph - Ontario, Canada, Spencer, Joseph - Illinois Natural History Survey, Sword, Gregory - Texas A&M University, Yang, Fei - University of Minnesota

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

Selected outputs: A draft assemblage of the western corn rootworm genome was published (see Coates et al. 2023 under Research Publications), as well as a genome assembly of a Cry1Ac-resistant strain of corn earworm (Stahlke et al. 2022)  14 peer-reviewed journal articles were published detailing pest susceptibility to Bt toxins in the field, the inheritance of resistance, and/or the identification of resistance mechanisms for western corn rootworm, European corn borer, corn earworm, western bean cutworm, and fall armyworm (see the following under Research Publications: Dively et al. 2023; Huang et al. 2023; Kenedy et al. 2023; Kerns et al. 2023; Lin et al. 2023; Pereira et al. 2023; Reinders et al. 2023; Reisig et al. 2023; Santiago-Gonzalez et al. 2023 (a and b); Silva et al. 2023; Smith et al. 2023; Tandy et al. 2023; Wen et al. 2023). Peer-reviewed articles were published comparing the movement behavior of western bean cutworm on Bt and non-Bt corn (see Montezano et al. 2023 under Research Publications) and the impacts of seed blend refuges on corn earworm phenological development (Pezzini et al. 2023b). Management recommendations, actionable information on the components of corn trait packages, and estimates of losses due to invertebrate pests were published in 6 multi-state Extension publications as a result of coordination among members of this multi-state committee.   Multi-state Efforts <ul> <li>A sentinel plot network coordinated by Galen Dively and Kelly Hamby (University of Maryland) since 2017 now includes sites in 26 U.S. states and 5 Canadian provinces (see publications, Dively et al. 2023). During the 2023 field season, NC246 member Kelsey Fisher observed elevated injury from European corn borer in sweet corn lines expressing several Bt proteins at one of these sentinel plot sites – possibly the first time this has been observed in the U.S.</li> <li>Erin Hodgson and Ashley Dean (Iowa State University) and Tracey Baute (Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs) coordinated a multi-state corn rootworm monitoring network (see Dean et al. 2023, “Selected Extension Materials”) across 10 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces.</li> <li>Populations of fall armyworm and corn earworm from 8 states in the southern U.S. (AR, FL, GA, LA, MS, SC, TN, TX) were sent to Fangneng Huang to investigate susceptibility to Bt proteins (FAW) and conventional insecticides (FAW and CEW).</li> <li>A USDA-NIFA grant through the Pest and Beneficial Species program area of the AFRI Foundational Program was awarded to Dalton Ludwick with co-PIs from Texas, Nebraska, Illinois, and South Dakota to examine non-target effects EPNs applied for corn rootworm control.</li> <li>Julie Peterson (University of Nebraska) obtained funding from the Nebraska Corn board to support a multi-state, on-farm effort funded by Corteva on the application of entomopathogenic nematodes and the adoption of cover crops for rootworm management (other NC246 members involved in this project include Gassmann – IA, Spencer – IL, Seiter – IL)</li> <li>Francis Reay-Jones (Clemson), Dominic Reisig (NCSU) and David Buntin (U. Georgia) have combined corn earworm efficacy data for selected Bt products over a 12-year period to examine trends in field efficacy and Bt resistance in corn earworm. Analysis is still on-going but field efficacy of older Cry1 Bt toxins has clearly declined over that time.</li> <li>A survey of growers in North and South Carolina highlighted adoption of IPM and IRM practices in field corn (see publications, Bryant et al. 2024).</li> <li>NC246 members Aaron Gassman (Iowa State University) and Dominic Reisig (North Carolina State University) reviewed the use of Bt crops in the United States (see publications, Gassmann and Reisig 2023)</li> <li>Christian Krupke (Purdue University) completed analysis and manuscript submission summarizing historical trends in Bt-RW corn planting and root damage. Data/contributors from NC246 include: Christina DiFonzo, Aaron J. Gassmann, Erin W. Hodgson, Bryan Jensen, Janet J. Knodel, Bradley McManus, Lance J. Meinke, Andrew Michel, Bruce Potter, Nicholas J. Seiter, Jocelyn L. Smith, Joseph L. Spencer, Kelley J. Tilmon, Robert J. Wright.</li> <li>Juan Jurat-Fuentes (University of Tennessee) produced insecticidal proteins to facilitate research on resistance, including monitoring of field-evolved resistance. This material was distributed to NC246 members for use in their research: Dominic Reisig (North Carolina State University), Brad Coates (USDA-ARS Iowa), Julie Peterson (University of Nebraska), Jocelyn Smith (University of Guelph), Fei Yang (University of Minnesota).</li> <li>Kelley Tilmon (Ohio State) and Chris DiFonzo (Michigan State) completed a joint multiyear project on Asiatic garden beetle biology and management in Michigan and Ohio</li> <li>Dominic Reisig (North Carolina State) compiled data from 27 U.S. states and Ontario, Canada to estimate total invertebrate losses in corn for 2023 (see Reisig et al. 2024 under “Selected Extension Publications”).</li> <li>Kelly Hamby and Galen Dively (University of Maryland) are working to coordinate real-time sharing of corn earworm trap captures as well as archive historical data in the Southern IPM Center’s database (EDDMaps/AgPestMonitor).</li> </ul>   Impacts <ul> <li>Multi-state and international cooperation facilitated by this group continues to be instrumental in coordinating efforts to characterize and document resistance to corn hybrids with transgenic insect control traits – perhaps the most important insect control tools used by U.S. corn farmers. Committee members have documented field evolved resistance to Bt traits in western and northern corn rootworm, corn earworm, European corn borer, fall armyworm, and other insect pests. Extension efforts by committee members have translated these findings into practical management recommendations for farmers and other stakeholders.</li> <li>Members of this committee have developed regional integrated pest management recommendations for farmers to deal with emergent corn pests such as stink bugs in the southeastern U.S., Asiatic garden beetle in the Great Lakes region of northern Ohio and southern Michigan, and slugs in the Mid-Atlantic U.S.</li> <li>Multi-state pest monitoring efforts for corn rootworm and developing efforts for corn earworm moths provide actionable management information to U.S. corn farmers.</li> </ul>

Publications

Multi-state Extension Publications <ul> <li>Dean, A., E. Hodgson, and T. Baute. 2023 Regional Corn Rootworm Monitoring Network Summary. <a href="https://cornrootworm.extension.iastate.edu/adult-trapping-network">https://cornrootworm.extension.iastate.edu/adult-trapping-network</a></li> <li>DiFonzo, C., A. Pekarcik, K. Tilmon and A. Raudenbush. 2023. Pocket field guide to Asiatic garden beetle with emphasis on Great Lakes field crops. <a href="https://aginsects.osu.edu/news/new-agb-pocket-field-guide-available">https://aginsects.osu.edu/news/new-agb-pocket-field-guide-available</a></li> <li>DiFonzo and Porter 2023 Handy Bt Trait Table. <a href="https://www.texasinsects.org/bt-corn-trait-table.html">https://www.texasinsects.org/bt-corn-trait-table.html</a></li> <li>Igwe, P.-G., Cramer, M., Owens, D., Dively, G., and Hamby, K. 2023. Managing slugs in field crops using IPM principles, University of Maryland Extension Fact Sheet FS-2022-0629</li> <li>Reisig, D., S. Graham, N. Bateman, G. Studebaker, R. Meyer, F. Reay-Jones, K. Wise, D. Owens, G. D. Buntin, J. Smith, N. Seiter, A. Sisson, A. Zukoff, R. Villanueva, K. Hamby, M. Cramer, C. DiFonzo, F. Yang, W. Hutchison, W. Crow, T. Towles, C. Floyd, J. Bradshaw, J. Peterson, P. Beauzay, J. Knodel, C. Krupke, K. Tilmon, T. Baute, A. Varenhorst, S. Brown, D. Kerns, P. Porter, S. Malone, E. Bick. 2024. Corn invertebrate loss estimates from the United States and Ontario, Canada – 2023. Crop Protection Network publication CPN-2019-23. <a href="https://doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20240219-1">https://doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20240219-1</a></li> <li>Reisig, D. and F.P.F. Reay-Jones. 2023. Stink bug scouting guide for field corn in the southeastern US. <a href="https://corn.ces.ncsu.edu/https-content-ces-ncsu-edu-stink-bug-scouting-guide-for-field-corn-in-the-southeastern-us/">https://corn.ces.ncsu.edu/https-content-ces-ncsu-edu-stink-bug-scouting-guide-for-field-corn-in-the-southeastern-us/</a></li> </ul> Other Selected Extension Materials <ul> <li>Buntin, G. D. (2023). Insect control for field corn: Georgia Pest Management Handbook 2023, Commercial Edition, University of Georgia Special Bulletin 28: Vol 1: pp 51-59</li> <li>Colgrove, A., A. Decker, S. Das, K. Estes, T. Ford, E. Macecha, D. Plewa, G.P. Fontes, N. Seiter, and J. Spencer. 2023 Applied Research Results Field Crop Disease and Insect Management: Evaluations of insect and disease control tactics for corn, soybean, and wheat, Statewide surveys of corn and soybean pests. Illinois Extension. 84 p. Submitted 15 December 2023. Available online: February 2024 at <a href="https://go.illinois.edu/2023PestPathogenARB">https://go.illinois.edu/2023PestPathogenARB</a>.</li> <li>Cramer, M., and Hamby, K. 2023. Optimizing early season pest management for Maryland field corn. University of Maryland Agronomy News: November 2023 14(8): 3-6.</li> <li>Cramer, M., and Hamby, K. 2023. Wet cool spring may increase slug damage. University of Maryland Agronomy News: May 2023 14(2): 7.</li> <li>Gassmann, A. and Brenizer, B.   2022 Iowa evaluation of insecticides and plant-incorporated protectants.  Iowa State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology.</li> <li>Gassmann, A. and Brenizer, B.   Evaluation of experimental and registered soil-applied insecticides for management of larval corn rootworm.  Central Iowa Research and Demonstration Farm Progress Report, Iowa State University.</li> <li>Gassmann, A. and Brenizer, B.   Evaluation of RNA interference (RNAi) and Bt traits for management of larval corn rootworm in northeastern Iowa.  Northeast Iowa Research and Demonstration Farm Progress Report, Iowa State University.</li> <li>Gerber, C., C. Krupke, et al. 2023. Purdue University Extension. Corn and Soybean field guide, includes pest descriptions, damage, and thresholds. 13,628 copies sold in 2023.</li> <li>Hanson, A., Macrae, I., Potter, B., Koch, R., Yang, F., 2023. Updated resource for grasshopper management. MN Crop News, <a href="https://blog-crop-news.extension.umn.edu/2023/08/updated-resource-for-grasshopper.html">https://blog-crop-news.extension.umn.edu/2023/08/updated-resource-for-grasshopper.html</a></li> <li>Hanson, A., B. Potter, K. Ostlie, B. Hutchison, A. Peltier, & R. Miller. 2023. Reducing 2023 Bt corn acreage to cut production costs? Implications for ECB. MN Crop News, <a href="https://blog-crop-news.extension.umn.edu/2023/03/reducing-bt-trait-acres-in-2023.html">https://blog-crop-news.extension.umn.edu/2023/03/reducing-bt-trait-acres-in-2023.html</a></li> <li>Heiniger, R., and D. Reisig. 2024. Chapter 3. Crop production management- corn. In. Organic Commodities Production Guide. North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, Raleigh, NC.</li> <li>Knodel, J.J., P. Beauzay, M.A. Boetel and A. Chirumamilla. 2023. 2024 North Dakota Field Crop Insect Management Guide E1143 (revised). NDSU Ext., Fargo, ND.</li> <li>Knodel, J.J., P. Beauzay, A. Friskop and S. Markell. 2023. IPM Basics Integrated Pest Management in North Dakota Agriculture PP863 (revised). NDSU Ext., Fargo, ND. (*Supported by USDA NIFA CCPM EIP)</li> <li>Ni, X., Mailhot, D. J., Toews, M. D., & Buntin, G. D. (2023). Insect screening results: multiple insect resistance in 64 commercial corn hybrids, 2023.: In: D. J. Mailhot, D. Dunn, and G. Ware. D. Buntin, X. Ni, and M. Toews (eds.), Georgia 2023 Corn, Sorghum, and Summer Annual Forages Performance Tests. Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations, Annual Publication, pp. 29-32. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Griffin, GA. 2023. (ARIS #410204). Retrieved from <a href="https://swvt.uga.edu/">https://swvt.uga.edu/</a></li> <li>Peterson J & R Wright. July 27, 2023. “Watch for Aphids in Corn.” Nebraska Extension CropWatch: <a href="http://cropwatch.unl.edu">http://cropwatch.unl.edu</a>.</li> <li>Peterson J, R Wright, J Bradshaw & T Hunt. July 12, 2023. “Scouting and Treatment Recommendations for Western Bean Cutworm.” Nebraska Extension CropWatch: <a href="http://cropwatch.unl.edu">http://cropwatch.unl.edu</a>.</li> <li>Peterson J, R Wright, J Bradshaw & J McMechan. June 29, 2023. “Degree-days for Prediction of Western Bean Cutworm Flight.” Nebraska Extension CropWatch: <a href="http://cropwatch.unl.edu">http://cropwatch.unl.edu</a>.</li> <li>Potter, B., Grafstrom, D., Macrae, I., Miller, R., Yang, F., 2023. Remember to scout armyworms. MN Crop News, June. <a href="https://blog-crop-news.extension.umn.edu/2023/06/remember-to-scout-armyworms.html">https://blog-crop-news.extension.umn.edu/2023/06/remember-to-scout-armyworms.html</a></li> <li>Preza Fontes, G., A. Hager, S. Mideros, N. Seiter. Illinois Corn Management 2023. <a href="https://go.illinois.edu/cornmanagement">https://go.illinois.edu/cornmanagement</a></li> <li>Reay-Jones, F.P.F., and T. Bryant. 2023. Identification and management strategies for cutworms as pests in field corn. Land-Grant Press by Clemson Extension. LGP 1161.</li> <li>Reisig, D. D. and A. S. Huseth. 2023. Insect control in field corn. 2023 North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual. North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, N.C. State University, Raleigh, N.C. pp. 76-79.</li> <li>Reisig, D., and E. Goldsworthy. 2023. Efficacy of selected in-furrow insecticides against southern corn billbug in corn, 2021. Arthropod Manag. Tests. Doi: 10.1093/amt/tsad072</li> <li>Reisig, D., and E. Goldsworthy. 2023. Efficacy of in-furrow insecticides against insect brown stink bugs in corn, 2020 & 2022. Arthropod Manag. Tests. Doi: 10.1093/amt/tsad073</li> <li>Roth, R., Harris, G., Sintim, H., Porter, W., Mallard, J., Prostko, E., Buntin, D, Kemerait, R. & Smith, A. (2023). 2023 Georgia Corn Production Guide, 84 pages; Insect control pages 30-44. <a href="https://grains.caes.uga.edu/">https://grains.caes.uga.edu/</a></li> <li>Villanueva, R. T. ID-139: A Comprehensive Guide to Corn Management in Kentucky: Insect Pests of Field Corn (pages 74-85). 2023. 107 pp.</li> <li>Villegas, J., T. Towles, A. Ashbrook, J.A. David, R. Diaz, B. Fitzpatrick, B. Gueltig, K. Healy, F. Huang, T. Johnson, N. Lord, T. Reagan, M. Stout, T. Smith, Q. Sun, and B. Wilson. 2023. Louisiana Insect Pest Management Guide. LSU AgCenter. Pub. 1838. Pp 226</li> <li>Yang, F., Potter, B., 2023. Northern corn rootworm and extended diapause problems increase in areas of Minnesota. MN Crop News, <a href="https://blog-crop-news.extension.umn.edu/2023/07/northern-corn-rootworm-and-extended.html">https://blog-crop-news.extension.umn.edu/2023/07/northern-corn-rootworm-and-extended.html</a></li> </ul> Research Publications Ángel-Salazar JS, Echeverri-Rubiano C, Rodríguez-Chalarca J, López-Gerena J, Dos Santos RF, Jurat-Fuentes JL, Revynthi AM, Vargas G. Development of a bioassay method to test activity of cry insecticidal proteins against Diatraea spp. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) sugarcane stem borers. PLoS One. 2023 Oct 18;18(10):e0292992. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292992 Blanco, C. A., G. Hernandez, K. Conover, G. P. Dively, U. Nava-Camberos, M. Portilla, C. A. Abel, W. P. Williams, and W. D. Hutchison. 2023. Severe defoliation of vegetative maize plants does not reduce grain yield: Further implications with action thresholds. Southwestern Entomologist. 48:791-803 Bryant, T., J. K. Greene, and F.P.F. Reay-Jones. 2023. Within-field spatial patterns of Euschistus servus and Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in field corn. Environmental Entomology. 52: 709-721 Bryant, T., J. K. Greene, D. Reisig, and F.P.F. Reay-Jones. 2023. Within-field spatial patterns of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and spatial associations with stink bugs and their injury in field corn. Journal of Economic Entomology. 116: 1649-1661. Bryant, T., J. K. Greene, D. Reisig, and F.P.F. Reay-Jones. 2024. Grower perceptions and adoption of IPM and non-Bt refuge in field corn: a survey in North and South Carolina. Journal of Integrated Pest Management. 15(1): 1-12. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmad030">https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmad030</a> Coates, B. S., K. O. Walden, D. Lata, N. N. Vellichirammal, R. F. Mitchell, M. N. Anderson, R. McKay, M. D. Lorenzen, N. Grubs, Y. Wang, J. Han, J. L. Xuan, P. Willadsen, H. Wang, B. W.  French, R. Bansal, S. Sedky, D. Souza, D. Bunn, L. J. Meinke, N. J. Miller, B. D. Siegfried, T. W. Sappington, H. M. Robertson, 2023. A draft Diabrotica virgifera virgifera genome: insights into control and host plant adaptation by a major maize pest insect. BMC Genomics (2023) 24:19.  <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08990-y">https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08990-y</a> Dang TM, AM Velez, A Valencia-Jimenez, JD Reinders, EE Stricklin, MW Carroll, CD Pilcher, JT Krumm, GP Head, L J Meinke.  2023. Characterization of western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) susceptibility to foliar insecticides in northeastern Nebraska.  J. Econ. Entomol.  <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toad067">https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toad067</a> Dillard, D., D. D. Reisig, and F.P.F. Reay-Jones. 2023. Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in-season and overwintering pupation response to soil type. Environmental Entomology. 52: 67-73 Dillard, D., D. Reisig, H. Schug, and H. Burrack. 2023. Moisture and soil type are primary drivers of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pupation. Environ. Entomol. 52: 847-852. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvad074 Dively GP, TP Kuhar, SV Taylor, H Doughty, K Holmstrom, DO Gilrein, BA Nault, J Ingerson-Mahar, A Huseth, D Reisig, S Fleischer, D Owens, K Tilmon, F Reay-Jones, P Porter, J Smith, J Saguez, J Wells, C Congdon, H Byker, B Jensen, C DiFonzo, WD Hutchison, E Burkness, R Wright, M Crossley, H Darby, T Bilbo, N Seiter, C Krupke, C Abel, BS Coates, B McManus, B Fuller, J Bradshaw, JA Peterson, D Buntin, S Paula-Moraes, K Kesheimer, W Crow, J Gore, F Huang, DC Ludwick, A Raudenbush, S Jimenez, Y Carriére, T Elkner & K Hamby. 2023. Extended sentinel monitoring of Helicoverpa zea resistance to Cry and Vip3Aa toxins in Bt sweet corn: Assessing changes in phenotypic and allele frequencies of resistance. Insects, 14(7): 577. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14070577">https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14070577</a> Gassmann, A. 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