NC_old229: Detection and Control of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus and Emerging Viral Diseases of Swine

(Multistate Research Project)

Status: Inactive/Terminating

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SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[02/05/2015] [02/06/2016] [11/15/2017] [12/03/2017] [03/20/1970]

Date of Annual Report: 02/05/2015

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 12/07/2014 - 12/07/2014
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2013 - 09/01/2014

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

See attached "Copy of Minutes" file for NC229's annual report.

Minutes Attachment:

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Accomplishments

Publications

See attached Publications document for NC229's 2014 publications and funding.

Publications Attachment:

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Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 02/06/2016

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 12/06/2015 - 12/06/2015
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2014 - 09/30/2015

Participants

Participants:
The following station reps attended the meeting, representing their respective stations:
Eric Nelson South Dakota State U. (SDSU); eric.nelson@sdstate.edu
Osorio, Fernando A.; University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL); fosorio@unl.edu
Rowland, Raymond R.R.; Kansas State University (KSU); browland@vet.k-state.edu
Benfield, David, Ohio State University (OSU); benfield.2@osu.edu
Faaberg, Kay; National Animal Disease Center (NADC); kay.faaberg@ars.usda.gov
Frias-Lepoureau, M Teresa, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA) Cuba; mariat.frias@infomed.sld.cu
Gourapura, Renukaradhya J.; The Ohio State University (OSU); gourapura.1@osu.edu
Holland, Margo; USDA,CSREES; mholland@nifa.usda.gov
Johnson, Peter; USDA,CSREES; PJOHNSON@NIFA.USDA.GOV
Kolbasov Denis, VNIIVViM National Research Institute of Veterinary Virology and Microb Russia, kolbasovdenis@gmail.com
Lunney, Joan; USDA-ARS, BARC, joan.lunney@ars.usda.gov
Mateu, E. CRESA Univ Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Enric.Mateu@uab.cat
Meng,X-J VPI (Virginia Tech); xjmeng@vt.edu
Murtaugh, Michael P; University of Minnesota (UMN); murta001@umn.edu
Prieto, Cinta; Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; cprietos@vet.ucm.es
Pogranichniy Roman, Purdue University, rmp@purdue.edu
Ramamoorthy, S, North Dakota - North Dakota St Univ (ND) sheela.ramamoorthy@ndsu.edu
Zhang, Yanjin; University of Maryland; zhangyj@umd.edu
Zimmerman, Jeff; Iowa State University (ISU); jjzimm@iastate.edu
Zuckermann, Federico; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC); fazaaa@illinois.edu

Brief Summary of Minutes

Brief summary of minutes of annual meeting: (contains 660 characters plus one table)

The 2015 NC229 meeting took place on December 6 2015, at the Intercontinental (8-11 AM) and Marriot Downtown( 1 -530 PM) hotels, in Chicago Illinois, as part of Pre-CRWAD satellite events and in a joint session with the North-American PRRS and other Emerging Viruses Symposium . Both AM and PM sessions had an attendance that exceeded in both cases 100 persons. Stations represented are listed above. The Agenda for the meeting is shown in table 1. Prior to closure, the election of new Vice–Chair to second Dr KJ Yoon for the 2016-2017 biennium is conducted. Dr Daniel Rock (UIUC) is nominated and elected by acclamation. At 5:30 PM the meeting is adjourned.

Table 1: NC229 2015 ANNUAL MEETING AGENDA OF ACTIVITIES
*Sunday, December 6* *8:00am-11:30am*	Joint NA PRRSS/CRWAD/NC229 session with selected abstract talks Moderators: Drs J Zimmerman and KJ Yoon
Presenters	Title
8:00am: Kinga Biernacka Warsaw Un of Life Sc, Poland	Comparison of five commercial ELISA kits for the detection of antibodies against porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) in field serum samples
8:15am: Jordan Kraft ISU	PEDV shedding patterns and antibody kinetics in commercial growing pigs
8:30am: Alexander Malogolovkin NRIVV, Russia	Tracking of African swine fever outbreaks by analysis of ASFV genomic variability within intergenic region I73R/I329L.
8:45am: Kimberlee Gerardy ISU	Outbreak Investigation Program – A Systematic Approach to PRRS Outbreak Investigations
9:00am: Marti Cortey IRTA CRESA Spain	Assessing the phylogenetic utility of PRRSV fragments to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the virus
9: 15am: J.Deckers ISU	Genome wide association analyses of piglet response to experimental infection with one of two isolates of the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus
930 am: Korakrit Poonsuk ISU	Effect of circulating antibody on the course of PEDV infection in neonatal pigs
9:45am-10:15am	Break
10:15am: Yanli Li IRTA CRESA Spain	Attachment and replication of genotype 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory virus on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells
10:30am: Laura Miller, NADC USDA/ARS	Comparative analysis of signature genes in PRRSV-infected porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells at differential activation statuses
10:45am: Dongwan Yoo UIUC	A Novel Function of PRRSV Nsp1 for Inhibition of Host Cell mRNA Nuclear Export and Suppression of Host Protein Synthesis.
11:00am: Pinghuang Liu HVRI, Harbin, China	Isolate PEDV broadly neutralizing antibodies through single porcine B cell PCR.
11:15	AM session of oral presentations adjourns
*1:10pm-5:30pm*	Joint NA PRRSS/CRWAD/NC229 session with selected abstract talks continued at the Downtown Marriott Moderators Drs Ying Fang and F Osorio
Confirmed presenters	Title
1:10 PM: Volker Gerdts VIDO, SASK, CA	Development of a Novel Vaccine for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus.
1:25pm: Qian Cao Virginia Tech	Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus non-structural protein Nsp2TF down-modulates Swine Leukocyte Antigen class I (SLA class I) expression.
1:40pm: Chungwon Chung VMRD and WSU	Both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells recognize porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus epitopes and lyse infected macrophages in a biphasic mode.
1:55pm: Joseph Darbellay VIDO, SASK, CA	Investigating the progression to adaptive immunity after infection with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus.
2:10pm: Yanhua Li KSU	Mutations in a highly conserved motif of nsp1beta protein attenuate the innate immune suppression function of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).
2:25pm: Haiyan Sun NCV, Un Nebraska	Nsp1 and a part of Nsp2 genes of a synthetic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus are responsible for the viral capacity to induce type I interferons.
2:40pm: Zexu Ma Un of Maryland	Characterization of High Passages of an Interferon-inducing PRRSV Strain.
2:55pm-3:15pm	Break
3:15pm: Susan Brockmeier NADC USDA/ARS	Effects of adenoviral delivered interferon-alpha on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in swine.
3:30pm: Shehnaz Lokhandwala Texas A &M	Evaluation of immunogenicity and safety of a live-vectored multi-antigen vaccine for the African Swine Fever Virus.
3:45pm: Alexander Malogolovkin NRIVV, Russia	African swine fever virus serotype-specific antigens CD2v and C-type lectin are necessary for protection against African swine fever.
4:00pm: Debin Tian Virginia Tech	Chimeric porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus containing shuffled multiple envelope genes confers cross-protection in pigs.
4:15pm Pengcheng Shang KSU	Attenuation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) by inactivating the ribosomal frameshifting products nsp2TF and nsp2N: Implication for the rational design of vaccines.
4:30 4:50 Denis Kolvosov NRIVV, Russia	ASFV in Europe
4:50 5:10 Maria Teresa Frias Lepoureau CENSA, Cuba	CSFV and other swine viral infections in Cuba and the Caribbean region
5:10-5:25 KJ Yoon ISU	Recent Outbreaks by Seneca Valley Virus
5:25- 530	Confirmation of election of new NC-229 Vice Chair for 2016-2017 and closing remarks meeting adjourns at 5:30

Accomplishments

ACCOMPLISHMENTS PER OBJECTIVE: (maximum 30,000 Characters)   Objective 1. Control of PRRSV In objective 1, the major areas of focus/achievements by the NC 229 group during 2015 included: 1.1 Innate immunity against PRRSV. Studies on the effect that different NSPs of PRRSV may have on innate immunity mechanisms, on apoptosis, or the capacity for modulating overall immune response by strains that cause stimulation of IFN rather than suppression. Also includes the effect of PRRSV of macrophages and cytokines modulation. The stations focusing in this area were: UCONN, UIUC, KSU, OSU, China Agr U, NE, NADC, SDSU and UMD. 1.2 PRRSV immunity and vaccinology. Understanding correlates of immunity and mechanisms to broaden protection, including neutralizing antibodies, developing of naturally occurring or synthetic strains of PRRSV inducing broader protection, alternative vectors for PRRSV antigens or epitopes, DIVA marker systems, mechanism of attenuation and immunogenic potential of NSPs etc. The stations that focused studies in this area were: UMN, UMD, VPI, NADC, UNL, UIUC, UWI, ISU, NE and KSU. 1.3 Virulence of PRRSV. Understanding virulence factors/markers, some of these studies included co-infection with bacteria. The stations that focused studies on this area were: NADC and China Agr U. 1.4 Genetic mapping of resistance to PRRSV infection (ISU and KSU), genetic modification of receptors (KSU). 1.5 Epidemiology of PRRSV transmission, which may include aerobiology, and virus evolution: UMN, ISU, VNIIVViM Russia and UWI, Detection of PRRSV in studs (ISU) 1.6 Economic Impact of PRRSV control; ISU, UMN.   Objective 2. Developing effective and efficient approaches for detection, prevention and control of pressing viral diseases of swine of recent emergence In objective 2, the major areas of focus/achievements by the NC 229 group during 2015 included: 2.1 ascertaining pathogenesis and transmission of and establishing diagnostics and reagents for PEDV:(ISU, UMN, OSU, KSU, SDSU, VNIIVViM Russia, Purdue); Studying the protective immune response to PEDV: OSU 2.2 Genomics and replication of PCV and novel ss DNA viruses of swine (ISU, NADC) 2.3 Genetic and antigenic evolution of swine influenza virus (SIV) and epidemiology of transmission of SIV (NADC UMN, ISU, SDSU, CENSACuba); testing of SIV vaccines in vivo (NADC) and in vitro models (Purdue); testing of adjuvants for SIV inactivated immunogens (NADC) 2.4 Characterizing the ongoing outbreak of Seneca valley virus (SVV), development of diagnostic tools and characterization of pathogenesis, fulfillment of Koch’s postulates: ISU, UMN, KSU 2.5 Characterization of diagnostic reagents for Atypical Pestivirus of Swine (KSU, ISU). 2.6 Classical swine fever pathogenesis & epidemiology (VNIIVViM Russia, CENSACuba, UCON) and vaccinology (CENSACuba) 2.7 African Swine Fever Virus, epidemiology (VNIIVViM Russia, UIUC) and protective immunity/vaccinology (VNIIVViM Russia, UIUC, KSU, Texas A&M) 2.8 Swine vesicular disease virus (VNIIVViM Russia)

Publications

<ol> <li> PERTINENT (SWINE VIROLOGY) PUBLICATIONS ISSUED OR “IN PRESS”</li> </ol>   <ul> <li>Refereed publications</li> </ul>     <ul> <li>Alonso C, Raynor P, Davies P, Torremorell M (2015). Evaluation of an electrostatic particle ionization technology for decreasing airborne pathogens in pigs. Aerobiologia (accepted).</li> <li>Alonso C, Raynor PC, Davies PR, Torremorell M (2015). Concentration, size distribution, and infectivity of airborne particles carrying swine viruses. PLoS One. 10(8):e0135675.</li> <li>Alvarez J, Torremorell M, Morrison R, Perez A (2015). Association of the presence of influenza A virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in sow farms with post-weaning mortality. Prev Vet Med. pii: S0167-5877(15)00235-4. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.07.003.</li> <li>Alvarez J., Goede D., Morrison R., Perez A. (2015) Spatial and temporal epidemiology of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) in the Midwest and Southeast regions of the United States. Preventive Veterinary Medicine (in press)</li> <li>Alvarez J., Sarradell J., Morrison R., Perez A. (2015) Impact of porcine epidemic diarrhea on performance of growing pigs. PLoS One 10(3):e0120532.</li> <li>Anderson, T. K., Laegreid, W. W., Cerutti, F., Osorio, F. A., Nelson, E. A., Christopher-Hennings, J. and Goldberg, T. L. (2012). Ranking viruses: measures of positional importance within networks define core viruses for rational polyvalent vaccine development. Bioinformatics 28:1624-1632.</li> <li>Anderson, T.K., Campbell, B.A., Nelson, M.I., Lewis, N.S., Janas-Martindale, A., Killian, M., Vincent, A.L. 2015. Characterization of co-circulating swine influenza A viruses in North America and the identification of a novel H1 genetic clade with antigenic significance. Virus Research. 201:24–31.</li> <li>Arruda PHE, Stevenson GW, Mary KL, Burrough ER, Gauger PC, Harmon KM, Magstadt DR, Yoon K-J, Zhang J, Madson DM, Pineyro P, Derscheid RJ, Schwartz KJ, Cooper VL, Halbur PG, Main RG, Sato Y, Arruda BL. 2015. Natural outbreak of H5N2 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in 2015 in two commercial layer facilities in Iowa: Lesions and viral antigen distribution. J Vet Diagn Invest (accepted)</li> <li>Bailey, A. L., M. Lauck, A. Weiler, S. D. Sibley, J. M. Dinis, Z. Bergman, C. W. Nelson, M. Correll, M. Gleicher, D. Hyeroba, A. Tumukunde, G. Weny, C. Chapman, J. H. Kuhn, A. L. Hughes, T. C. Friedrich, T. L. Goldberg and D. H. O'Connor (2014). High genetic diversity and adaptive potential of two simian hemorrhagic fever viruses in a wild primate population. PLoS One 9(3): e90714.</li> <li>Bailey, A. L., M. Lauck, M. Mohns, E. J. Peterson, K. Beheler, K. G. Brunner, K. Crosno, A. Mejia, J. Mutschler, M. Gehrke, J. Greene, A. J. Ericsen, A. Weiler, G. Lehrer-Brey, T. C. Friedrich, S. D. Sibley, E. G. Kallas, S. Capuano, 3rd, J. Rogers, T. L. Goldberg, H. A. Simmons and D. H. O'Connor (2015). Durable sequence stability and bone marrow tropism in a macaque model of human pegivirus infection. Sci Transl Med 7(305): 305ra144.</li> <li>Bailey, A. L., M. Lauck, S. D. Sibley, J. Pecotte, K. Rice, G. Weny, A. Tumukunde, D. Hyeroba, J. Greene, M. Correll, M. Gleicher, T. C. Friedrich, P. B. Jahrling, J. H. Kuhn, T. L. Goldberg, J. Rogers and D. H. O'Connor (2014). Two novel simian arteriviruses in captive and wild baboons (Papio spp.). J Virol 88(22): 13231-13239.</li> <li>Balka G, Wang X, Balint A, Kiss I, Olasz F, Banai K, Rusvai M, Stadejek T, Marthaler D, Murtaugh MP, Zadori Z. 2015. Full genome sequence analysis of a wild, non-MLV-related type 2 Hungarian PRRSV variant isolated in Europe. Virus Res. 200:1-8.</li> <li>Balzli, C.L., Lager, K.M., Vincent, A.L., Gauger, P, Brockmeier, S., Miller, L.C., Richt, J., Ma, W., Suarez, D.L., and Swayne, D.E. (2015). Susceptibility of swine to H5 and H7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. In press.</li> <li>Baranovich, T., Bahl, J., Marathe, B. M., Culhane, M., Stigger-Rosser, E., Darnell, D., Kaplan, B. S., Lowe, J. F., Webby, R. J. & Govorkova, E. A. 2015. Influenza A viruses of swine circulating in the United States during 2009-2014 are susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors but show lineage-dependent resistance to adamantanes. Antiviral Research. 117:10-19.</li> <li>Brar MS, Shi M, Murtaugh MP, Leung FC. 2015. Evolutionary diversification of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J. Gen. Virol. 96:1570-1580.</li> <li>Butler, J.E., Lager, K.M., Golde, W., Faaberg, K.S., Sinkora, M., Loving, C., Zhang, Y.I. 2014. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS): an immune dysregulatory pandemic. Immunologic Research. 59:81-108.</li> <li>Cai, Y., E. N. Postnikova, J. G. Bernbaum, S. Q. Yu, S. Mazur, N. M. Deiuliis, S. R. Radoshitzky, M. G. Lackemeyer, A. McCluskey, P. J. Robinson, V. Haucke, V. Wahl-Jensen, A. L. Bailey, M. Lauck, T. C. Friedrich, D. H. O'Connor, T. L. Goldberg, P. B. Jahrling and J. H. Kuhn (2015). Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Cell Entry Is Dependent on CD163 and Uses a Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis-Like Pathway. J Virol 89:844-856.</li> <li>Chattha KS, Roth JA, Saif LJ. 2015. Strategies for design and application of enteric viral vaccines. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 3:6.1–6.21</li> <li>Chen Q, Gauger P, Stafne M, Thomas J, Arruda P, Burrough E, Madson D, Brodie J, Magstadt D, Derscheid R, Welch M, Zhang J. 2015. Pathogenicity and pathogenesis of a United States porcine deltacoronavirus cell culture isolate in 5-day-old neonatal piglets. Virol 482:51-59</li> <li>Chen N, Dekkers JCM, Ewen CL, Rowland RRR. 2015. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication and amino acid substitutions in pigs that lack adaptive immunity. Virus Res. 195:246-249.</li> <li>Cheung, A.K. 2015. Specific functions of the Rep and Rep' proteins of porcine circovirus during copy-release and rolling-circle DNA replication. Virol 481:43-50.</li> <li>Cheung, A.K., Ng, TF., Lager, K.M., Alt, D.P., Delwart, E., Pogranichniy, R.M. 2015. Identification of several clades of novel single-stranded circular DNA viruses with conserved stem-loop structures in pig feces. Arch Virol 160:353-358.</li> <li>Choi MJ, Torremorell M, Bender JB, Smith K, Boxrud D, Ertl JR&, Yang M, Suwannakarn K, Her D, Nguyen J, Uyeki TM, Levine M, Lindstrom S, Katz JM, Jhung M, Vetter S, Wong KK, Sreevatsan S, Lynfield R. 2015. Live animal markets in Minnesota: a potential source for emergence of novel influenza viruses and interspecies transmission. Clin Infect Dis. 61(9):1355-1362</li> <li>Kreikemeier CA1, Engle TB, Lucot KL, Kachman SD, Burkey TE, Ciobanu DC. Genome-wide analysis of TNF-alpha response in pigs challenged with porcine circovirus 2b. Anim Genet. 2015; 46:205-208.</li> <li>Collin, E.A., S. Anbalagan, F. Okda, R. Batman, E.A. Nelson, B.M. Hause. 2015. An inactivated vaccine made from a U.S. field isolate of porcine epidemic disease virus is immunogenic in pigs. BMC Vet Res 11:62.</li> <li>Constans M, Ssemadaali M, Kolyvushko O and Ramamoorthy S. Antigenic determinants of possible vaccine escape by porcine circovirus subtype 2b viruses. S. Bioinform Biol Insights. 2015; 9 (Suppl 2): 1–12.</li> <li>Crawford K, Lager K, Miller L, Opriessnig T, Gerber P, Hesse R. 2015. Evaluation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus transmission and the immune response in growing pigs. Vet Res 46:49.</li> <li>Day DN, Sparks JW, Karriker LA, Stalder KJ, Wulf LW, Zhang J, Kinyon JM, Stock ML, Gehring R, Wang C, Ellingson J, Coetzee JF. 2015. Impact of an experimental PRRSV and Streptococcus suis coinfection on the pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur hydrochloride after intramuscular injection in pigs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 38:475-481.</li> <li>Dee, S., C. Neill, T. Clement, A. Singrey, J. Hennings, E. Nelson. 2015. An evaluation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus survival in individual feed ingredients in the presence or absence of a liquid antimicrobial. Porcine Health Management. 1:9.</li> <li>Alexander Postel, Lester J. Perez, Carmen L. Perera, Stefanie Schmeiser, Denise Meyer, Alexandra Meindl-Boehmer, Liliam Rios, Sophia Austermann-Busch, Maria T. Frias-Lepoureau, Paul Becher. Development of a new LAMP assay for the detection of CSFV. 2015. Arch Virol. DOI 10.1007/s00705-015-2407-1</li> <li>Diaz A, Enomoto S, Romagosa A, Sreevatsan S, Nelson M, Culhane M, Torremorell M (2015). Genome plasticity of triple reassortant H1N1 influenza A virus during infection of vaccinated pigs. J Gen Virol. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.000258.</li> <li>Diaz A, Perez A, Sreevatsan S, Davies P, Culhane M, Torremorell M (2015). Association between influenza A virus infection and pigs subpopulations in endemically infected breeding herds. PLoS One, 10(6):e0129213.</li> <li>Dunkelberger, JR, NJ Boddicker, NVL Serão, JM Young, RRR Rowland and JCM Dekkers. 2015. Response of pigs divergently selected for residual feed intake to experimental infection with the PRRS virus. Livestock Sci. in press .</li> <li>Engle TB, Jobman EE, Moural TW, McKnite AM, Bundy JW, Barnes SY, Davis EH, Ewen, CL, AG Cino-Ozuna, H He, MA Kerrigan, JCM Dekkers, CK Tuggle, RRR Rowland, CR Wyatt. 2014. Analysis of blood leukocytes in a naturally occurring immunodeficiency of pigs shows the defect is localized to B and T cells. J Vet Immunol Immunopath (in press)</li> <li>Engle TB, Jobman EE, Moural TW, McKnite AM, Bundy JW, Barnes SY, Davis EH, Galeota JA, Burkey TE, Plastow GS, Kachman SD, Ciobanu DC. Variation in time and magnitude of immune response and viremia in experimental challenges with Porcine circovirus 2b. BMC Vet Res. 2014; 10:286.</li> <li>Gallardo C., Fernández-Pinero J., Pelayo V., Gazaev I., Markowska-Daniel I., Pridotkas G., Nieto R., Fernández-Pacheco P., Bokhan S., Nevolko O., Drozhzhe Zh., Pérez C., Soler A., Kolvasov D., Arias M. Genetic variation among African Swine Fever genotype II viruses, Eastern and Central Europe. Emerg Inf Dis 20 (9):1544-1547. doi: 10.3201/eid2009.140554</li> <li>Gauger, P.C., Loving, C.L., Khurana, S., Lorusso, A., Perez, D.R., Kehrli, Jr., M.E., Roth, J.A., Golding, H., Vincent, A.L. 2014. Live attenuated influenza A virus vaccine protects against A(H1N1)pdm09 heterologous challenge without vaccine associated enhanced respiratory disease. Virol 471-473:93-104.</li> <li>Gava, D., Souza, C.K., Schaefer, R., Vincent, A.L., Cantão, M.E., Coldebella, A., Ciacci-Zanella, J.R. 2015. A TaqMan-based real-time PCR for detection and quantification of porcine parvovirus 4. J Virol Method. 219:14–17.</li> <li>Gerber PF, Gong Q, Huang Y-W, Wang C, Holtkamp D, Opriessnig T. 2014. Detection of antibodies against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in serum and colostrum by indirect ELISA. Vet J 202:33-36.</li> <li>Goede D, Murtaugh MP, Nerem J, Yeske P, Rossow K, Morrison R. 2015. Previous infection of sows with a “mild” strain of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus confers protection against infection with a “severe” strain. Vet Micro. 176:161-164.</li> <li>Goller K.V., Malogolovkin A.S., Katorkin S., Kolbasov D., Titov I., Höper D., Beer M., Keil G.M., Portugal R., Blome S. Tandem repeat insertion in African swine fever virus, Russia, 2012. Emerg Inf Dis. 2:731-732.</li> <li>Goodell CK, Zhang J, Strait E, Harmon K, Patnayak D, Otterson T, Culhane M, Christopher-Hennings J, Clement T, Leslie-Steen P, Hesse R, Anderson J, Skarbek K, Vincent A, Kitikoon P, Swenson S, Jenkings-Moore M, McGill J, Rauh R, Nelson W, O'Connell C, Shah R, Wang C, Main R, Zimmerman J. 2015. Ring test evaluation of the detection of influenza A virus in swine oral fluids by real-time, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and virus isolation. Can J Vet Res (in press).</li> <li>Harmon KM, Gauger PC, Zhang J, Piñeyro PE, Dunn DD, Chriswell AJ. 2015. Whole genome sequences of a novel porcine circovirus type 2 detected in swine from Mexico and the United States. Genome Announc (in press).</li> <li>Hause B, Collin EA, Peddireddi L, Yuan F, Chen Z, Hesse RA, Gauger PC, Clement T, Fang Y, Anderson G. 2015. Discovery of a novel putative atypical porcine pestivirus in pigs in the United States. J Gen Virol doi:10.1099/jgv.0.000251 (in press).</li> <li>Hause B, EA Collin, L Peddireddi, F Yuan, Z Chen, RA Hesse, P Gauger, T Clement, Y Fang, G Anderson. 2015. Discovery of a novel putative atypical porcine pestivirus in pigs in the United States. J. Gen. Virology. 96(10):2994-8.</li> <li>Henningson, J. N., Rajao, D. S., Kitikoon, P., Lorusso, A., Culhane, M. R., Lewis, N. S., Anderson, T. K. & Vincent, A. L. 2015. Comparative virulence of wild-type H1N1pdm09 influenza A isolates in swine. Vet Microbiol 176:40-49.</li> <li>Henningson, J.N., Rajao, D.S., Kitikoon, P., Lorusso, A., Culhane, M.R., Lewis, N.S., Anderson, T.K., Vincent, A.L. 2015. Comparative virulence of wild-type H1N1pdm09 influenza A isolates in swine. Veterinary Microbiology. 176(1-2):40-49.</li> <li>Hughes HR, Vincent AL, Brockmeier SL, Gauger PC, Pena L, Santos J, Braucher DR, Perez DR, Loving CL. 2015. Oral fluids as a live-animal sample for evaluating cross-reactivity and cross-protection following intranasal influenza A virus vaccination in pigs. Clin Vaccine Immunol doi:10.1128/CVI.00358-15.</li> <li>Iglesias I., Munoz M. J., Montes F., Perez A., Gogin A., Kolbasov D., de la Torre A. Reproductive ratio for the local spread of African Swine Fever in wild boars in the Russian Federation. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 02/2015, doi: 10.1111/tbed.12337</li> <li>Jaing, CJ, JB Thissen, SN Gardner, KS McLoughlin, P Hullinger PJ, N Monday, MC Niederwerder, RR Rowland. 2015. Application of a pathogen microarray for the analysis of viruses and bacteria in clinical diagnostic samples from pigs. J Vet Diagn Invest. 27:313-325.</li> <li>Jarvis MC, Lam HC, Zhang Y, Wang L, Hesse RA, Hause BM, Vlasova A, Wang Q, Zhang J, Nelson M, Murtaugh M, Marthaler D. 2015. Genomic and phylogenetic relationships between American and global strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. 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Spatial and temporal patterns in the diversity of swine influenza A viruses collected by the USDA Surveillance System. Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS) Network Meeting, Rochester, New York.</li> <li>Wang Y, R Guo, R Ransburgh, J Hill, J Henningson, W Zhang, Y Fang. 2015. Characterization and application of monoclonal antibodies against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. NA PRRS Symposium, Chicago, IL.</li> <li>Wang Y, R Guo, R Ransburgh, J Hill, J Henningson, W Zhang, Y Fang. 2015. Characterization and application of monoclonal antibodies against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, Chicago, IL.</li> <li>Yoo, D. 2014. Innate immunity to PRRSV and application to new vaccines. 2014 North American PRRS Symposium. Chicago, IL Dec 5-6.</li> <li>Yoo, D., Han, M. 2015. Nuclear retention of host cell transcripts by nonstructural protein (nsp) 1 of arteriviruses and suppression of host innate immunity. 2015 International PRRS Congress. Ghent, Belgium, June 3-5.</li> <li>Yoo, D., Han, M., Ke, H. 2015. Subversion of host protein synthesis by PRRS virus nonstructural protein (nsp) 1β. 2015 International PRRS Congress. Ghent, Belgium, June 3-5.</li> <li>Zhang J, Chen Q, Chriswell A, Dunn D, Li G, Sinha A, Thomas J, Harmon K, Gauger P. March 2015. PEDV sequencing: Does it really matter? 46th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Swine Veterinarians. Orlando, Florida. Seminar #2, pp. 27-32.</li> <li>Zhang J, Chen Q, Gauger P, Thomas J, Giménez-Lirola LG, Li G, Madson D, Burrough E, Harmon K, Yoon KJ, Zimmerman J, Main R. June 2015. Genetic and phenotypic characterization of U.S. porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses. Proc International Symposium on Emerging and Re-Emerging Pig Diseases. 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Proc II Seminario Internacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, "Avances y Retos de la Sanidad Agropecuaria en el Siglo XXI", II Taller "Vacunas y Diagnóstico Veterinario". Varadero, Cuba, SA-O13.</li> <li>Zimmerman J, Rotolo M, Giménez-Lirola L, Wang C, Main R. October 2015. Detecção e prevenção das doenças emerentes em suinos. Anais do 17º Congresso da Associação Brasileira de Médicos Veterinários Especialistas em Suínos (ABRAVES). Campinas (Sao Paulo), Brazil, pp. 62-67 (Vol 1).</li> <li>Zimmerman J. June 2015. Skuteczny monitoring w erze zagrożeń nowymi chorobami zakażnymi (Effective surveillance in an era of emerging infectious diseases). Proc XX Jubileuszowa Międzynarodowa Konferencja Naukowa, “Krytyczne obszary w produkcji świń” (XX Jubilee International Scientific Conference, “Critical areas in the production of swine”). Pulawy, Poland, pp. 32-33.</li> <li>Zuckermann, F.A., Calzada‐Nova, G., Husmann, R., and Villamar, M. 2014. Assessment of cross‐protective immunity elicited by a novel PRRS live virus vaccine against a highly virulent type 2 PRRS belonging to lineage 1. Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana‐ North American PRRS Symposium. Chicago, IL, Dec 7-8</li> </ul>     <ul> <li>Book chapters or monographs</li> </ul>   <ul> <li>Ramirez A. 2015. Guía del PRRS – Síndrome Reproductivo y Respiratorio Porcino. Zaragoza, Spain: SERVET. ISBN: 978-84-16315-20-8.</li> <li>Guidelines for classification of phases and types of an African swine fever outbreak and response: http://www.securepork.org/african-swine-fever.php</li> <li>Guidelines for classification of phases and types of a classical swine fever outbreak and response: http://www.securepork.org/classical-swine-fever.php</li> <li>FAD PReP NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases, Appendix A: Vaccination for Foot and Mouth Disease: http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/pdf/fad-prep-nahems-appendix-a-vaccination-for-foot-and-mouth-disease.</li> <li>Zhang J, Gauger P, Harmon K. Swine influenza A virus. In: Molecular Detection of Animal Viral Pathogens, Dongyou Liu (ed). CRC Press, Boca Raton (in press).</li> <li>Loving C, Osorio FA, Murtaugh MP, Zuckermann FA. 2015. Innate and adaptive immunity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet. Immunol. Immunopath. 167:1-14.</li> <li>Torremorell M (2015). Immunity, diagnosis and intervention strategies of influenza infections in pigs. In: Animal Influenza. Ed. David Swayne, 2nd Edition. Wiley Publisher, (In press)</li> <li>Travis DA, Sriramarao P, Cardona C, Steer CJ, Kennedy S, Sreevatsan S, Murtaugh MP. 2014. One Medicine One Science: a framework for exploring challenges at the intersection of animals, humans and the environment. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1334:26–44.</li> <li>Ma, Y. Yu, T. Opriessnig, L. Yang, Y. Nan, P. Halbur, and Y. Zhang: Interferon Induction of a PRRSV Strain Sustained After Serial Passaging. 2014 PRRS Symp.</li> </ul>       <ol> <li> FUNDING SOURCES FOR SWINE VIROLOGY RESEARCH – Current</li> </ol>   <ul> <li>Ying Fang and Renukaradhya Gourapura (Co-PI). Innovative strategies to enhance PRRSV specific innate and mucosal immunity: implication for development of broadly protective PRRSV vaccine. USDA-AFRI, February 2012 – February 2017 .</li> <li>Lawson, S., A. Singrey, T. Clement, D. Diel, J. Christopher-Hennings, E.A. Nelson. Development of reagents and serological assays for Seneca Valley Virus. Swine Health Information Center. $33,820, 10/15 to 4/16.</li> <li>Diel, D., T. Clement, E.A. Nelson, J. Christopher-Hennings, L. Caron, R. Shaefer. Characterization of Seneca Valley Virus circulating in the U.S. and Brazil. Swine Health Information Center. $63,701, 10/15 to 4/16.</li> <li>Singrey, A., C. Clement, E.A. Nelson. Evaluation of PEDV stability on shipping totes. USDA-APHIS, $19,577, 4/15 to 3/16.</li> <li>Ramamoorthy, S., B. Webb, P. Nara, E. Nelson. Designing epitope-based Vaccines to improve efficacy and detection. USDA NIFA-AFRI. $149,936, 6/1/15 to 5/30/17.</li> <li>Diel, D., E.A. Nelson. Production and characterization neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against PEDV and PDCoV. Boehringer-Ingelheim Vetmedica. $83,620. 2/15 to 12/15.</li> <li>Wang, D., E.A. Nelson, R. Kaushik, F. Li. Novel porcine epidemic diarrhea virus vaccine pipeline. USDA AFRI $149,832, 1/16 to 12/17.</li> <li>Diel, D.G., E.A. Nelson, Christopher-Hennings, J., Pillatzki, A. Development of a multivalent vector platform to control swine enteric coronavirus disease. National Pork Board. $73,713. 5/15-4/16.</li> <li>Diel, D., H. Vu, F. Osorio, E.A. Nelson, J. Christopher-Hennings. Evaluation of immunodominant B- and T-cell epitopes as inducers of protective immunity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. National Pork Board. $83,094. 10/14 to 4/16.</li> <li>Levesque, C.L., Brown, M., Gibbons, W., Diel, D.G., Kaushik, R. Evaluation of a microbially-converted soybean meal on nursery pig immune status and disease resistance. South Dakota Soybean and Promotion Council FY15-FY17. $153,500</li> <li>Nelson, E.A., S. Lawson, A. Singrey, T. Clement, J. Christopher-Hennings. Development of reagents and serological assays for Porcine Deltacoronavirus (PDCoV). National Pork Board. $29,390. 6/14 to 12/14.</li> <li>Clement, T., A. Singrey, S. Lawson, J. Christopher-Hennings and E.A. Nelson. Duration and level of PEDV neutralizing antibodies for clinical protection using feedback protocols. National Pork Board. $48,750. 12/13 to 12/14.</li> <li>Nelson, E.A., A. Singrey, S. Lawson, T. Clement and J. Christopher-Hennings. PEDV diagnostic approaches to assess sow immunity and piglet protection. National Pork Board. $41,900. 5/14 to 4/15.</li> <li>Thaler, B., C. Lavesque, J. Christopher-Hennings, E. Nelson, J. Clapper. Efficacy of soybean meal in reducing the effect of a PRRSV challenge in pigs. South Dakota Soybean and Promotion Council FY15. $131,074. 7/14 to 7/15.</li> <li>Wang, X., E.A. Nelson. Determining Virus-Like Particle (VLP) Feasibility for New Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Vaccines. $150,000. USDA AFRI NIFA. 5/12 to 4/15.</li> <li>Nelson, E.A., J. Christopher-Hennings, Y. Fang. Improved methods for the diagnosis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and other important diseases of swine. SDSU AES Hatch. 3/11 to 9/16.</li> <li>Christopher-Hennings, J., D. Diel and E.A. Nelson. Detection and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and emerging viral diseases of swine. SD AES NC-229 Multi-State Project. 10/14 to 10/19.</li> <li>Diel D.G., Nelson, E.A., Christopher-Hennings, J., Lawson, S. Improved Strategies for Prevention and Control of Viral Diseases of Livestock. SD AES-Hatch 10/14-09/19.</li> <li>Osorio FA, Pattnaik AK, Kauvar L. Molecular Structures of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Virus (PRRSV) that Contribute to Protective Immunity USDA-AFRI-NIFA 2013-01035 (Animal Health and Production and Animal Products: Animal Health and Disease) $499,999 09/1/2013-08/31/2016 Role Goal: ascertaining which epitopes induce broadly PRRSV- neutralizing antibodies</li> <li>Pattnaik AK, Osorio FA Development of a Novel Self-Propagating PRSSV-VSV G Hybrid Replicon as a Vector for Inducing Broad PRRSV Protection National Pork Board $200,000 12/1/13 -11/30/15</li> <li>Vu H, Osorio FA Development of a live-attenuated PRRSV vaccine capable of eliciting a broad spectrum of heterologous protection. National Pork Board. 2015/10/01 – 2016/09/30 $96,880.</li> <li>Diel, D, Vu H, Nelson E, C-Hennings, J, Osorio FA Evaluation of immune-dominant B- and T-cell epitopes as inducers of protective immunity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. National Pork Board 2014/10/01-2015/09/30 $26,945 ( amounts corresponds to NE sub-award assigned to H Vu)</li> <li>Vu, H (PI) Osorio FA (Co-PI) Determine the correlates of protection against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses infection USDA-AFRI-NIFA #2015-06921 period: 2016/01/01- 2018/12/31Total $ 477,635</li> <li>Brockmeier, Faaberg, Lager, Miller, Loving, Vincent - USDA ARS Research Funds</li> <li>Sang, Rowland, Blecha, Miller – NIFA-AFRI - Antiviral regulation underlying the activation status of porcine monocytic innate immune cells</li> <li>Faaberg, Pegan – National Pork Board - Role of the viral ovarian domain protease in PRRSV pathogenesis</li> <li>Lager - Animal And Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), U.S. Department of Agriculture - Emerging Swine Disease Studies: Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV)</li> <li>Lager - Animal And Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), U.S. Department Of Agriculture - Identify Mechanisms of Viral Pathogenesis, Transmission, and Immunity of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Other Emerging Swine Coronaviruses</li> <li>Lager - Merck and Company - Challenge of PRRS Vaccine Immunity in Swine</li> <li>Vincent - Animal And Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), U.S. Department of Agriculture -USDA Swine Influenza Virus Surveillance System: Computational Evolutionary Biology Of Whole Genome Sequences.</li> <li>Vincent – NIH, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Health and Human Services - Characterization of the Evolution of Influenza A Viruses (IAV) in Swine and Pathotyping of IAV in the Natural Host</li> <li>Vincent - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), U.S. Department of Agriculture - USDA Swine Influenza A Virus Surveillance System: Extension to: In Vivo Pathogenesis and Transmission and Associated In Vitro Studies</li> <li>Fang, Y., Rowland R. Bai J. Adaptation of Lawrence Livermore Microbial Detection Array System at Kansas State University. K-State college of veterinary medicine intramural fund, 01/01/2016-12/31/2016, $29,773.</li> <li>Biao, H., Y. Fang. Developing a Parainfluenza Virus 5 (PIV5)-based PRRS Vaccine. USDA-NIFA, 1/1/2016 – 12/31/2018, $450,000.</li> <li>Hause, B., Y. Fang. Determination of the PRRSV Miner Glycoproteins Contribution to Antigenicity and Protection. National Pork Board; 10/1/2015 – 9/30/2016, $69,080.</li> <li>Fang, Y., G. Anderson. Generation of Reagents for differentiation of swine pathogens. private company, 04/01/2015-03/31/2016, $150,000.</li> <li>Fang, Y. Evaluation of Safety and Immunogenic Response Live Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) Vaccines in Pigs. Private company, 6/11/2015 – 3/10/2016, $28,670.</li> <li>Yang HC. Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (31490603)</li> </ul> The earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China (CARS-36) from the Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China. <ul> <li>Yang HC. National Basic Research Program of China 481 (2014CB542700) from the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology</li> <li>Yang HC. Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (31330077)</li> <li>Huber, V., Y. Fang, H. Biao. A candidate swine influenza virus vaccine: in vivo evaluation of novel chimeric hemagglutinins expressed by parainfluenza virus 5 vector. National Pork Board, 05/01/2015-04/30/2016, $88,888.</li> <li>Fang, Y. A novel arterivirus protein and expression mechanism: implication in vaccine and companion diagnostic assay development. USDA-NIFA 2014-06403, 01/01/2015 – 12/31/2019, $472,179.                                                            </li> <li>Fang, Y. In vitro evaluation of an improve PRRS vaccine. Private company, 12/01/2014-11/30/2015, $86,085.</li> <li>Fang, Y. In vivo evaluation of a parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5)-vectored candidate PRRS vaccine University of Georgia Research Fundation, 07/01/2014 – 06/30/2015, $21,430.67.</li> <li>Fang, Y. Development of vaccines against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. K-State Research Foundation, 07/14/2014 – 03/15/2015, $14,400.</li> <li>Fang, Y., R. Gourapura, W. Zhang, J. Christopher-Hennings, E. Nelson. Innovative strategies to enhance PRRSV specific innate and mucosal immunity. USDA-NIFA, 2012-67015-21823, 05/01/12-04/30/17, $499,366.</li> <li>Rowland NBAF Transition Funding for the study of ASF, RVF and CSF, 2014-2015, $1.2 million.</li> <li>Yoo, Rowland, USDA NIFA 2013-2017, Immune evasion of PRRS virus and a novel strategy for vaccine development, 2013-2017, approximately $60,000 to the Rowland lab.</li> <li>Dekkers, Rowland, Lunney, et al., USDA NIFA, 2012-2017, Genetically Improving Resistance of Pigs to PRRS Virus Infection, $3 million, approximately $800,000 to the Rowland lab.</li> <li>Patience et al., 2010-2015, USDA-NIFA, Improving biological nutrient use and thus feed efficiency in the U.S. pork industry through innovative scientific and extension approaches for a more sustainable production, $65,000.</li> <li>Rowland et al., 2010-2015, Specific Cooperative Agreement: KSU and USDA-ARS-ABADRU, $400,000.</li> <li>Yoo, D. (2013-2018), USDA NIFA-AFRI, $500,000, Immune evasion of PRRS virus and a novel approach to vaccine design.</li> <li>Renukaradhya Gourapura (PI). Evaluation of mucosal B cell response to PEDV in infected sows. National Pork Board, June 2014 – June 2015</li> <li>Chang Won Lee and Renukaradhya Gourapura (Multi-PIs). Universal Flu Vaccine by a Norovirus P Particle Platform. USDA-AFRI, January 2013-2018.</li> <li>Renukaradhya Gourapura (PI). Field trials on nanoparticle-based inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus vaccine in growing pigs. OARDC, OSU Matching Grant Award, June 2014 – May 2016.</li> <li>Renukaradhya Gourapura (PI), Chang Won Lee and Balaji Narasimhan. Evaluation of mucosal Th1-Th2 balanced response inducing nanovaccine against swine influenza virus. Iowa State University - Nanovaccine Research Initiative, September 2014 – June 2016.</li> <li>Renukaradhya Gourapura (PI), Santosh Dhakal and Shauna Brummet. Broadly Protective Swine Influenza Vaccine. I-Corps@Ohio (Innovation Corps) Program, The Ohio State University, July 2015 to December 2015.</li> <li>Renukaradhya Gourapura (PI). Analysis of candidate porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine development. USDA-FAS Borlaug International Fellowship Program, September 2015 to December 2015.</li> <li>Renukaradhya Gourapura (PI) and Eluemuno Blyden (AfriVAx). Bulk production of recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viral antigens in embryonated chicken eggs to use in a vaccine. Small Industry and OARDC Matching SEED Grant, June 2014 – Oct 2015.</li> <li>ASForce – Targeted research on African swine fever (7th - EU-FP)(Russia Report)</li> <li>USDA grant - Identification of African swine fever protection antigen(Russia Report)</li> <li>IAEA project - Research of African Swine Fever (ASF) Diagnosis and Research - Early and Rapid Diagnosis and control of TAD’s;(Russia Report)</li> <li>Gauger P, Zhang J, Magstadt D. Evaluation of cross-protection in Fostera™ PRRSV vaccinated conventional swine challenged with a contemporary, heterologous lineage 1 PRRSV. Zoetis.</li> <li>Hatch Project, Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station.</li> <li>Polyvalent T cell Mosaic Vaccine to Cross-Protect Swine against Heterologous PRRSV Strains. USDA/NIFA Grant Number 2011 67015-30176.</li> <li>Gimenez-Lirola L, Zhang J, Zimmerman J, Gauger P, Madson D, Main R, Baum D. Generation of specimens of precisely known coronavirus infection status for the development and validation of highly-specific porcine coronavirus antibody assays. Iowa Pork Producers Association.</li> <li>Holtkamp D, Thomas P, Ramirez A, Karriker L, Zhang J. Evaluation of an accelerated hydrogen peroxide disinfectant and barn lime to inactivate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in swine packing plant dock and unloading areas. Iowa Pork Producers Association.</li> <li>Holtkamp D, Thomas P, Ramirez A, Karriker L, Zhang J. Evaluation of an accelerated hydrogen peroxide disinfectant to inactivate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in swine feces on metal surfaces under freezing conditions. National Pork Board.</li> <li>Holtkamp DJ, Canon A, Karriker L. Development of PRRS outbreak investigation and data management/analysis program for breeding herds in regional PRRSV projects in Iowa. Iowa Pork Producers Association.</li> <li>Holtkamp DJ, Linhares DC. Monitoring and updating the value of productivity losses due to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.</li> <li>Karriker L. Effect of Calsporin on intestinal health parameters after PEDv challenge. QTI/Calpis International.</li> <li>Lager K, Karriker L. Evaluating the epidemiology, ecology, and biology of swine viral pathogens. USDA ARS.</li> <li>Li G. Whole genome sequencing of PEDv from fecal samples. USDA NAHLN Program Office.</li> <li>Madson D, Yoon KJ, Kuster C, Zhang J. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus disease progression and shedding in mature boars post oral feedback inoculation. Iowa Pork Producers Association.</li> <li>Madson D, Zhang J, Halbur P. AgriLabs porcine epidemic diarrhea virus egg antibody investigation. AgriLabs Ltd.</li> <li>Main R, Rossow S, Gauger P, Harmon K, Marthaler D, Vannucci F, Zhang J. Expedited look into the prevalence of Senecavirus A in US swine. Swine Health Information Center.</li> <li>Matzinger and Meng XJ. USDA-NIFA-2013-03314 S. 09/01/2013-08/31/2015. PCV2 non-coding RNA and their effects on the host immune response and pathogenesis</li> <li>Meng XJ, S. Subramaniam and T. Opriessnig. USDA-NIFA-2013-67015-21342. 09/01/2013 -08/31/2017 Enhancing CMI responses for PRRSV vaccine development</li> <li>Meng XJ, E. Subbiah. USDA-NIFA-2012-67015-19469. 5/1/2012 - 4/30/2016A multicomponent virus vectored vaccine for PRRSV, PCV2 and swine influenza</li> <li>Overend and Meng XJ. USDA-NIFA-2015-67012-22768C. 12/15/2014 –</li> <li>12/14/2016. Development of a novel PRRSV vaccine engineered to enhance antigen presentation</li> <li>Piñeyro PE, Giménez-Lirola L, Burrough E, Derscheid RJ, Madson D, Zhang JQ. Development of direct detection methods for in situ diagnosis of Seneca A virus. Swine Health Information Center.</li> <li>Ramamoorthy S. USDA-NIFA, ND Dept. of Commerce Venture Awards, N. Dakota Agricultural Products Utilization Committee.</li> <li>Roth J, Bickett Weddle D, Dvorak G, Mogan King J, Flaming K, Zaabel P. Secure milk and secure pork supply projects for business continuity in a foreign animal disease outbreak. USDA APHIS.</li> <li>Hatch Multistate Project, NC229. Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station.</li> <li>Roth J, Trampel D, Bickett-Weddle D, Mogan-King J, Flaming K, Zaabel J, Leedom LK. Secure food supply projects for business continuity in a foreign animal disease outbreak (eggs, turkey, milk, pork). USDA APHIS.</li> <li>Roth J, Zaabel P. A review of commercial influenza vaccines available for use in pigs. USDA APHIS.</li> <li>Roth J. Development of a transboundary swine disease information resource. Swine Health Information Center.</li> <li>Roth J. Implementation of the Secure Pork Supply Plan. National Pork Board.</li> <li>Roth J. Secure food supply projects for business continuity in a foreign animal disease outbreak. USDA APHIS.</li> <li>Roth J. Swine Influenza A virus surveillance system project. USDA ARS.</li> <li>Woodworth J, Stark C, Main R, Zhang J, Jones C, Gauger P, Dritz S, Tokach M. Utilizing feed sequencing as a biosecurity intervention for preventing PEDV cross-contamination in the feed manufacturing process. National Pork Board.</li> <li>Zhang J, Chen Q, Gauger P, Li G, Main R. Evaluation of attenuation phenotypes of cell culture-adapted PEDV in neonatal piglets. Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine Seed Grant and USDA Formula Grant.</li> <li>Zhang J, Chen Q, Gauger P, Madson D. Evaluation of the pathogenesis differences of PEDV original and variant strains and examination of the cross-protective immunity between two strains. Iowa Pork Producers Association.</li> <li>Zhang J, Chen Q, Gauger P. In vitro evaluation of serological cross-reactivity and cross-neutralization between the PEDV original and variant strains. Zoetis.</li> <li>Zhang J, Gauger P, Burrough E, Madson D, Giménez-Lirola L, Yoon KJ. Effect of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infectious doses on outcomes of infection in naïve neonatal piglets and weaned pigs. Iowa Pork Producers Association.</li> <li>Zhang J, Gauger P, Li G, Main R. Development and evaluation of a live attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus vaccine. Zoetis.</li> <li>Yoon K-J, Adelman JS, Sato Y, Blanchong J, Gauger P, Zhang J, Li G, Main R, Beilke E, Canon A, Colboth E, Widsom J. Role of terrestrial wild birds, rodents and insects in spreading avian influenza virus into commercial layer operations. Egg Industry Center, $119,866.</li> <li>Xin H, Zhao, Y, Yoon K-J. Airborne transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in the poultry industry and the role of dust as a carrier. USDA NIFA AFRI Exploratory Research Program, $100,000.</li> <li>Xu W, Yoon K-J, Cho MW, Rock DL. 7/1/15-/30/16. Development of T-cell based vaccine against African swine fever virus. Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases, $79,977.</li> <li>Miller C, Yoon KJ. 7/1/15-6/30/17. Development of novel reovirus-based mucosal vaccine vectors for PEDV antigen production. Iowa Pork Producers Association, $25,000 for 1st</li> </ul>

Impact Statements

4. Impacts in FAD: • Vigorous emphasis for development of noninfectious diagnostic reagents (probes, microarrays, ELISAs, Mabs) to be used in US labs (ISU, KSU, SDSU, MN) • ASFV: international collaboration on ASFV virulence and protective immunity conducted in the field (VNIIVViM Russia/UIUC) • CSFV: Regional Surveillance of CSFV in the Caribbean area, and OIE twinning project for validation of CSF regional diagnostic tools ( CENSACUBA/Hannover U. Germany)

Date of Annual Report: 11/15/2017

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 12/03/2016 - 12/04/2016
Period the Report Covers: 10/31/2015 - 09/01/2016

Participants

Participants:
Eric Nelson South Dakota State U. (SDSU); eric.nelson@sdstate.edu
Osorio, Fernando A.; University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL); fosorio@unl.edu
Rowland, Raymond R.R.; Kansas State University (KSU); browland@vet.k-state.edu
Benfield, David, Ohio State University (OSU); benfield.2@osu.edu
Faaberg, Kay; National Animal Disease Center (NADC); kay.faaberg@ars.usda.gov
Gourapura, Renukaradhya J.; The Ohio State University (OSU); gourapura.1@osu.edu
Holland, Margo; USDA,CSREES; mholland@nifa.usda.gov
Johnson, Peter; USDA,CSREES; PJOHNSON@NIFA.USDA.GOV
Lunney, Joan; USDA-ARS, BARC, joan.lunney@ars.usda.gov
Mateu, E. CRESA Univ Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Enric.Mateu@uab.cat
Meng,X-J VPI (Virginia Tech); xjmeng@vt.edu
Murtaugh, Michael P; University of Minnesota (UMN); murta001@umn.edu
Prieto, Cinta; Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; cprietos@vet.ucm.es
Pogranichniy Roman, Purdue University, rmp@purdue.edu
Ramamoorthy, S, North Dakota - North Dakota St Univ (ND) sheela.ramamoorthy@ndsu.edu
Zhang, Yanjin; University of Maryland; zhangyj@umd.edu
Zimmerman, Jeff; Iowa State University (ISU); jjzimm@iastate.edu
Zuckermann, Federico; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC); fazaaa@illinois.edu
Yang, Hanchun; China Agricultural University; yanghanchun1@cau.edu.cn

Participants Attachment:

2016 NC229 annual report Appendix-D.pdf

Brief Summary of Minutes

Brief summary of minutes of annual meeting:

The 2016 NC229 meeting took place on December 4 2015, 8:00 am to 5:00 pm at Marriot Downtown Hotel in Chicago Illinois, as part of Pre-CRWAD satellite events and in a joint session with the North American PRRS Symposium. Both AM and PM sessions had an attendance that exceeded in both cases 150 persons. Stations represented are listed above. The Agenda for the meeting is shown in table 1. After the scientific sessions, future direction and funding opportunities were explored during the business meeting. In particular USDA NIFA staff provided an overview of NIFA funding opportunities for 2017. At 5:15 PM the meeting is adjourned.

Table 1: NC229 Annual Meeting Agenda of Activities

8:00am-8:15am	Opening remark
Session 1 8:15am -10:00am	Moderators: Ben Hause (Cambridge Technologies) & Luis Gimenez‐Lirola (Iowa State University)
Diego Diel South Dakota State University	Pathogenesis and infection dynamics of Senecavirus A in pigs, Abstract #42
Alexandra Buckley USDA	Senecavirus A infection in sows, neonates, and market weight gilts with subsequent protective immunity, Abstract #35
Steven Lawson South Dakota State University	Development of antibody reagents & assays for Senecavirus A serodiagnosis, Abstract #10
Fangfeng Yuan Kansas State University	Construction and characterization of a full‐length cDNA infectious clone of emerging porcine Senecavirus A, Abstract #24
Rachel Palinski Kansas State University	A novel porcine circovirus distantly related to known circoviruses is associated with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome and reproductive failure, Abstract #18
Chantale Provost University of Montreal	Development of a new molecular method to discriminate Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus infectious viral particles, from non‐infectious ones, which are contaminating pig derived food additives, Abstract #21
Rolf Rauh Tetracore, Inc.	Evaluation of a portable real‐time PCR platform (T‐COR 8™) for ASF during outbreaks in an endemically infected population in Uganda, Abstract #11
10:00am-10:15am	Break
Session 2 10:15am-12:00am	Moderators: Ying Fang (Kansas State University) & Gustavo Delhon (University of Nebraska‐Lincoln)
Ignacio Correas University of Nebraska‐Lincoln	Cross‐reactivity of immune responses against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus, Abstract #38
Joseph Darbellay VIDO‐InterVac.	The progression to T cell immunity after infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Abstract #40
Junru Cui University of Connecticut	A GP5 Mosaic T‐cell Vaccine for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Is Immunogenic, Induces Broad Cellular Responses to Diverse Strains and Confers Partial Protection to Pigs, Abstract #64
Kay Kimpston‐Burkgren University of Nebraska‐Lincoln	Contribution of PRRSV minor glycoproteins to a protective immune response in swine, Abstract #51
Tanja Opriessnig University of Edinburgh	Iowa State University, An interferon inducing PRRSV vaccine candidate protects against challenge with a heterologous virulent type 2 strain in a conventional pig model, Abstract #71
Volker Gerdts VIDO‐InterVac	Development of a Novel Vaccine for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, Abstract #7
Jishu Shi Kansas State University	Pigs immunized with a novel E2 subunit vaccine are protected from subgenotype heterologous Classical Swine Fever Virus challenge, Abstract #76
12:00am – 1:30pm	Lunch On your own
Session 3 1:30pm-3:00pm	Moderators: Diego Diel (South Dakota State University) & Sheila Ramamoorthy (North Dakota State University)
Marti Cortey IRTA‐CReSA	Changes in the genetic composition of PRRSV quasispecies and its relationship with long and short viral infections, Abstract #39
Rui Guo Kansas State University	Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus takes advantage of host intercellular mitochondria transferring pathway for cell to cell spreading of the infection, Abstract #48
Ana Stoian Kansas State University	Identification of CD163 domain involved in the infection with Type II Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory viruses, Abstract #86
Hanzhong Ke University of Illinois	SAP domain in nsp1‐beta of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) correlates with interferon suppression in cells and pathogenesis in pigs, Abstract #50
Federico Zuckermann University of Illinois	The unfolded protein response induced by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection of alveolar macrophages is involved in immune dysregulation, Abstract #62
Pengcheng Shang Kansas State University	A novel mechanism of protein‐stimulated trans‐activation of ribosomal frameshifting in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: implication in improved vaccine development, Abstract #85
3:00pm-3:15pm	Break
Session 4 3:15pm-4:30pm	Moderators: Dan Rock (University of Illinois) & KJ Yoon (Iowa State University)
Susan Detmer University of Saskatchewan	Pathological findings at the maternal‐fetal interface during the early type 2 PRRS virus infection of late gestation pregnant gilts, Abstract #41
Yanli Li UAB	Resolution of genotype 1 PRRSV attachment on bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells, Abstract #53
Lei Zhou China Agricultural University	Attenuate Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus by incorporating target site of hematopoietic‐specific MicroRNA into viral genome, Abstract #82
Jenelle Dunkelberger Iowa State University	A major gene for host response under PRRS challenge is not negatively associated with overall performance in commercial pig lines under nonchallenged conditions, Abstract #44
Natasha Gaudreault Kansas State University	Genetically edited pigs lacking CD163 show no resistance following infection with the African Swine Fever Virus isolate, Georgia 2007/1, Abstract #47
4:30pm-5:00pm	NC229 business meeting

Accomplishments

Accomplishments: Objective 1. Control of PRRSV In objective 1, the major areas of focus/achievements by the NC 229 group during 2016 included: 1.1 Innate immunity against PRRSV.  Studies on the effect that different NSPs of PRRSV may have on innate immunity mechanisms, on apoptosis, or the capacity for modulating overall immune response by strains that cause stimulation of IFN rather than suppression. Also includes the effect of PRRSV of macrophages and cytokines modulation. The stations focusing in this area were: UCONN, UIUC, KSU, OSU, China Agr U, NE, NADC, SDSU and UMD 1.2 PRRSV immunity and vaccinology.  Understanding correlates of immunity and mechanisms to broaden protection, including neutralizing antibodies, developing of naturally occurring or synthetic strains of PRRSV inducing broader protection, alternative vectors for PRRSV antigens or epitopes, DIVA marker systems, mechanism of attenuation and immunogenic potential of  NSPs etc.  The stations that focused studies in this area were: UMN, UMD, VPI, NADC, UNL, UIUC, UWI, ISU, NE and KSU 1.3 Virulence of PRRSV. Understanding virulence factors/markers, some of these studies included co-infection with bacteria.  The stations that focused studies on this area were:  NADC and China Agr U 1.4 Genetic mapping of resistance to PRRSV infection (ISU, KSU, UMO, USDA), genetic modification of receptors (KSU) 1.5 Epidemiology of PRRSV transmission, which may include aerobiology, and virus evolution: UMN, ISU, VNIIVViM Russia and UWI, Detection of PRRSV in populations (ISU) 1.6 Economic Impact of PRRSV control; UMN, ISU   Objective 2 Developing effective and efficient approaches for detection, prevention and control of pressing viral diseases of swine of recent emergence. In objective 2, the major areas of focus/achievements by the NC 229 group during 2016 included: 2.1 ascertaining pathogenesis and transmission of and establishing diagnostics and reagents for PEDV:(ISU, UMN, OSU, KSU, SDSU, VNIIVViM Russia, Purdue). Reverse genetics of PEDV (KSU). Studying the protective immune response to PEDV (OSU) 2.2 Genomics and replication of PCV and novel ss DNA viruses of swine (ISU, NADC) 2.3 Genetic and antigenic evolution of swine influenza virus (SIV) and epidemiology of transmission of SIV (NADC UMN, ISU, SDSU, CENSACuba) testing of SIV vaccines in vivo (NADC) and in vitro models (Purdue) testing of adjuvants for SIV  inactivated immunogens (NADC) 2.4 Characterizing the ongoing outbreak of Seneca valley virus, development of diagnostic tools and characterization of pathogenesis, fulfillment of Koch’s postulates: (ISU, NADC, UMN, KSU) 2.5 Characterization and diagnostic reagents for Atypical Pestivirus of Swine (KSU, ISU). 2.6 Classical swine fever pathogenesis & epidemiology (VNIIVViM Russia, CENSACuba, UCON) and vaccinology (CENSACuba) 2.7 African Swine Fever Virus, epidemiology (VNIIVViM Russia, UIUC) and protective immunity/vaccinology (VNIIVViM Russia, UIUC, KSU, TX A&M) and diagnostics 2.8 Swine vesicular disease virus (VNIIVViM Russia) 2.9 Population monitoring for various viral diseases (PRRSV, SIV, CSFV, FMDV, ASFV) utilizing oral fluids and body fluids (ISU, PIADC)

Publications

Refereed publications by NC229 participants   PRRS virus: <ol> <li>Sun Y, Ke H, Han M, Chen N, Fang W, Yoo D. Nonstructural Protein 11 of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Suppresses Both MAVS and RIG-I Expression as One of the Mechanisms to Antagonize Type I Interferon Production. PLoS One. 2016 Dec 20;11(12):e0168314. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168314.eCollection 2016. PubMed PMID: 27997564; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5172586.</li> <li>Piñeyro PE, Subramaniam S, Kenney SP, Heffron CL, Giménez-Lirola LG, Meng XJ. Modulation of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells by Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Through Interaction with the Porcine Intercellular-Adhesion-Molecule-3-Grabbing Nonintegrin. Viral Immunol. 2016 Dec;29(10):546-556. Epub 2016 Sep 19. PubMed PMID: 27643915.</li> <li>Sun H, Pattnaik AK, Osorio FA, Vu HLX. Identification of viral genes associated with the interferon-inducing phenotype of a synthetic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain. Virology. 2016 Dec;499:313-321. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.09.018. Epub 2016 Oct 11. PubMed PMID: 27736706.</li> <li>Evenson D, Gerber PF, Xiao CT, Halbur PG, Wang C, Tian D, Ni YY, Meng XJ, Opriessnig T. A porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus candidate vaccine based on the synthetic attenuated virus engineering approach is attenuated and effective in protecting against homologous virus challenge. Vaccine. 2016 Nov 4;34(46):5546-5553. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.049. Epub 2016 Oct 11. PubMed PMID: 27742217.</li> <li>Ma Z, Yu Y, Xiao Y, Opriessnig T, Wang R, Yang L, Nan Y, Samal SK, Halbur PG, Zhang YJ. Sustaining Interferon Induction by a High-Passage Atypical Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Strain. Sci Rep. 2016 Nov 2;6:36312. doi: 10.1038/srep36312. PubMed PMID: 27805024; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5090871.</li> <li>Chung CJ, Cha SH, Grimm AL, Chung G, Gibson KA, Yoon KJ, Parish SM, Ho CS, Lee SS. Recognition of Highly Diverse Type-1 and -2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses (PRRSVs) by T-Lymphocytes Induced in Pigs after Experimental Infection with a Type-2 PRRSV Strain. PLoS One. 2016 Oct 31;11(10):e0165450. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165450. eCollection 2016. PubMed PMID: 27798650; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5087905.</li> <li>Schlink SN, Lager KM, Brockmeier SL, Loving CL, Miller LC, Vorwald AC, Yang HC, Kehrli ME Jr, Faaberg KS. Enhancement of innate immunity with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor did not mitigate disease in pigs infected with a highly pathogenic Chinese PRRSV strain. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2016 Oct 15;179:70-6.  doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.08.007. Epub 2016 Aug 10. PubMed PMID: 7590428.</li> <li>Yu Z, Huang C, Zhang Q, Feng WH. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) induces IL-12p40 production through JNK-AP-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Virus Res. 2016 Oct 2;225:73-81. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.09.009. Epub 2016 Sep 20. PubMed PMID: 27663131.</li> <li>Wang X, Yang X, Zhou R, Zhou L, Ge X, Guo X, Yang H. Genomic characterization and pathogenicity of a strain of type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virus Res. 2016 Oct 2;225:40-49. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.09.006. Epub 2016 Sep 13. PubMed PMID: 27619842.</li> <li>Du L, Liu Y, Du Y, Wang H, Zhang M, Du Y, Feng WH. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) up-regulates IL-15 through PKCβ1-TAK1-NF-κB signaling pathway. Virology. 2016 Sep;496:166-174. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.06.007. Epub 2016 Jun 16. PubMed PMID: 27318153.</li> <li>Tabynov K, Sansyzbay A, Tulemissova Z, Tabynov K, Dhakal S, Samoltyrova A, Renukaradhya GJ, Mambetaliyev M. Inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine adjuvanted with Montanide™ Gel 01 ST elicits virus-specific cross-protective inter-genotypic response in piglets. Vet Microbiol. 2016 Aug 30;192:81-89. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.06.014. Epub 2016 Jul 1. PubMed PMID: 27527768.</li> <li>Sun D, Khatun A, Kim WI, Cooper V, Cho YI, Wang C, Choi EJ, Yoon KJ. Attempts to enhance cross-protection against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses using chimeric viruses containing structural genes from two antigenically distinct strains. Vaccine. 2016 Aug 5;34(36):4335-42. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.06.069. Epub 2016 Jul 9. PubMed PMID: 27406935.</li> <li>Workman AM, Smith TP, Osorio FA, Vu HL. Complete Genome Sequence of Highly Virulent Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Variants That Recently Emerged in the United States. Genome Announc. 2016 Aug 4;4(4). pii: e00772-16. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00772-16. PubMed PMID: 27491998; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4974319.</li> <li>Serão NV, Kemp RA, Mote BE, Willson P, Harding JC, Bishop SC, Plastow GS, Dekkers JC. Genetic and genomic basis of antibody response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in gilts and sows. Genet Sel Evol. 2016 Jul 14;48(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s12711-016-0230-0. PubMed PMID: 27417876; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4944421.</li> <li>Li L, Zheng Q, Zhang Y, Li P, Fu Y, Hou J, Xiao X. Antiviral activity of recombinant porcine surfactant protein A against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in vitro. Arch Virol. 2016 Jul;161(7):1883-90. doi: 10.1007/s00705-016-2838-3. Epub 2016 Apr 21. PubMed PMID: 27101074.</li> <li>Zhang L, Zhou L, Ge X, Guo X, Han J, Yang H. The Chinese highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection suppresses Th17 cells response in vivo. Vet Microbiol. 2016 Jun 30;189:75-85. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.05.001. Epub 2016 May 3. 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PubMed PMID: 27014703; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4789556.</li> <li>Dee S, Neill C, Singrey A, Clement T, Cochrane R, Jones C, Patterson G, Spronk G, Christopher-Hennings J, Nelson E. Modeling the transboundary risk of feed ingredients contaminated with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. BMC Vet Res.  2016 Mar 12;12:51. doi: 10.1186/s12917-016-0674-z. PubMed PMID: 26968372; PubMed  Central PMCID: PMC4788872.</li> <li>Schweer WP, Pearce SC, Burrough ER, Schwartz K, Yoon KJ, Sparks JC, Gabler NK. The effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus challenge on growing pigs II: Intestinal integrity and function. J Anim Sci. 2016 Feb;94(2):523-32. doi: 10.2527/jas.2015-9836. PubMed PMID: 27065122. </li> <li>Schweer WP, Schwartz K, Burrough ER, Yoon KJ, Sparks JC, Gabler NK. The effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus challenge on growing pigs I: Growth performance and digestibility. J Anim Sci. 2016 Feb;94(2):514-22. doi: 10.2527/jas.2015-9834. PubMed PMID: 27065121.</li> <li>Zhang Q, Shi K, Yoo D. Suppression of type I interferon production by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and degradation of CREB-binding protein by nsp1. Virology. 2016 Feb;489:252-68. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.12.010. Epub 2016 Jan 14. PubMed PMID: 26773386.</li> <li>Beall A, Yount B, Lin CM, Hou Y, Wang Q, Saif L, Baric R. Characterization of a Pathogenic Full-Length cDNA Clone and Transmission Model for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Strain PC22A. MBio. 2016 Jan 5;7(1):e01451-15. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01451-15. PubMed PMID: 26733065; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4724997.</li> <li>Alonso C, Raynor PC, Davies PR, Morrison RB, Torremorell M. Evaluation of an  electrostatic  particle ionization technology for decreasing airborne pathogens in pigs. Aerobiologia (Bologna). 2016;32(3):405-419. Epub 2015 Dec 8. PubMed PMID: 27616810; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4996881.</li> <li>Miller LC, Crawford KK, Lager KM, Kellner SG, Brockmeier SL. Evaluation of two real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) to assess PEDV transmission in growing pigs. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2016 Jan;28(1):20-9. doi: 10.1177/1040638715621949. Epub 2015 Dec 23. PubMed PMID: 26699519.</li> <li>Goede D, Morrison RB. Production impact & time to stability in sow herds infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Prev Vet Med. 2016 Jan 1;123:202-207. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.11.010. Epub 2015 Dec 28. PubMed PMID: 26748596.</li> <li>Jarvis MC, Lam HC, Zhang Y, Wang L, Hesse RA, Hause BM, Vlasova A, Wang Q, Zhang J, Nelson MI, Murtaugh MP, Marthaler D. Genomic and evolutionary inferences between American and global strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Prev Vet  Med. 2016 Jan 1;123:175-184. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.10.020. Epub 2015 Nov  10. PubMed PMID: 26611651.</li> <li>Sasaki Y, Alvarez J, Sekiguchi S, Sueyoshi M, Otake S, Perez A. Epidemiological factors associated to spread of porcine epidemic diarrhea in Japan. Prev Vet Med. 2016 Jan 1;123:161-167. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.11.002. Epub 2015 Nov 7. PubMed PMID: 26588869.</li> <li>Alvarez J, Goede D, Morrison R, Perez A. Spatial and temporal epidemiology of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) in the Midwest and Southeast regions of the United States. Prev Vet Med. 2016 Jan 1;123:155-160. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.11.003. Epub 2015 Nov 7. PubMed PMID: 26586344.</li> <li>Madson DM, Arruda PH, Magstadt DR, Burrough ER, Hoang H, Sun D, Bower LP, Bhandari M, Gauger PC, Stevenson GW, Wilberts BL, Wang C, Zhang J, Yoon KJ. Characterization of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Isolate US/Iowa/18984/2013 Infection in 1-Day-Old Cesarean-Derived Colostrum-Deprived Piglets. Vet Pathol. 2016 Jan;53(1):44-52. doi: 10.1177/0300985815591080. Epub 2015 Jun 25. PubMed PMID: 26113613.</li> <li>Schumacher LL, Woodworth JC, Jones CK, Chen Q, Zhang J, Gauger PC, Stark CR, Main RG, Hesse RA, Tokach MD, Dritz SS. Evaluation of the minimum infectious dose of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in virus-inoculated feed. Am J Vet Res. 2016 Oct;77(10):1108-13. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.77.10.1108. PubMed PMID: 27668582.</li> <li>McCluskey BJ, Morrison R. Another emerging disease: Swine Enteric Coronaviruses. Prev Vet Med. 2016 Jan 1;123:154. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.12.001. PubMed PMID: 26773474. </li> </ol>   Influenza viruses: <ol> <li>Lee J, Henningson J, Ma J, Duff M, Lang Y, Li Y, Li Y, Nagy A, Sunwoo S, Bawa B, Yang J, Bai D, Richt JA, Ma W. Effects of PB1-F2 on the pathogenicity of H1N1  swine influenza virus in mice and pigs. J Gen Virol. 2016 Dec 23. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.000695. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 28008819.</li> <li>Anderson TK, Macken CA, Lewis NS, Scheuermann RH, Van Reeth K, Brown IH, Swenson SL, Simon G, Saito T, Berhane Y, Ciacci-Zanella J, Pereda A, Davis CT, Donis RO, Webby RJ, Vincent AL. A Phylogeny-Based Global Nomenclature System and  Automated Annotation Tool for H1 Hemagglutinin Genes from Swine Influenza A Viruses. mSphere. 2016 Dec 14;1(6). pii: e00275-16. eCollection 2016 Nov-Dec. PubMed PMID: 27981236; PubMed Central PMCID:  PMC5156671.</li> <li>Abente EJ, Kitikoon P, Lager KM, Gauger PC, Anderson TK, Vincent A. A highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 with 2009 pandemic H1N1 internal genes demonstrates increased replication and transmission in pigs. J Gen Virol. 2016 Dec 9. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.000678. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 27959778.  </li> <li>Artiaga BL, Yang G, Hutchinson TE, Loeb JC, Richt JA, Lednicky JA, Salek-Ardakani S, Driver JP. Rapid control of pandemic H1N1 influenza by targeting NKT-cells. Sci Rep. 2016 Nov 29;6:37999. doi: 10.1038/srep37999. PubMed PMID: 27897246; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5126553.</li> <li>Nelson MI, Stucker KM, Schobel SA, Trovão NS, Das SR, Dugan VG, Nelson SW, Sreevatsan S, Killian ML, Nolting JM, Wentworth DE, Bowman AS. Introduction, Evolution, and Dissemination of Influenza A Viruses in Exhibition Swine in the United States during 2009 to 2013. J Virol. 2016 Nov 14;90(23):10963-10971. Print 2016 Dec 1. PubMed PMID: 27681134; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5110178.</li> <li>Schicker RS, Rossow J, Eckel S, Fisher N, Bidol S, Tatham L, Matthews-Greer J, Sohner K, Bowman AS, Avrill J, Forshey T, Blanton L, Davis CT, Schiltz J, Skorupski S, Berman L, Jang Y, Bresee JS, Lindstrom S, Trock SC, Wentworth D, Fry AM, de Fijter S, Signs K, DiOrio M, Olsen SJ, Biggerstaff M. Outbreak of Influenza A(H3N2) Variant Virus Infections Among Persons Attending Agricultural Fairs Housing Infected Swine - Michigan and Ohio, July-August 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Oct 28;65(42):1157-1160. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6542a1. PubMed PMID: 27787493.</li> <li>Panyasing Y, Goodell C, Kittawornrat A, Wang C, Levis I, Desfresne L, Rauh R, Gauger PC, Zhang J,  Lin X, Azeem S, Ghorbani-Nezami S, Yoon KJ, Zimmerman J. Influenza A Virus Surveillance Based on Pre-Weaning Piglet Oral Fluid Samples. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2016 Oct;63(5):e328-38. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12307. Epub 2014  Dec 9. PubMed PMID: 25488821.</li> <li>Abente EJ, Anderson TK, Rajao DS, Swenson S, Gauger PC, Vincent AL. The avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza virus that recently emerged in the United States has limited replication in swine. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2016 Sep;10(5):429-32. doi: 10.1111/irv.12395. Epub 2016 May 18. PubMed PMID: 27110913; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4947940.</li> <li>Bliss N, Nelson SW, Nolting JM, Bowman AS. Prevalence of Influenza A Virus in Exhibition Swine during Arrival at Agricultural Fairs. Zoonoses Public Health. 2016 Sep;63(6):477-85. doi: 10.1111/zph.12252. Epub 2016 Jan 11. PubMed PMID: 26750204.</li> <li>Abente EJ, Santos J, Lewis NS, Gauger PC, Stratton J, Skepner E, Anderson TK, Rajao DS, Perez DR, Vincent AL. The Molecular Determinants of Antibody Recognition and Antigenic Drift in the H3 Hemagglutinin of Swine Influenza A Virus. J Virol. 2016 Aug 26;90(18):8266-80. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01002-16. Print 2016 Sep 15. PubMed PMID: 27384658; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5008105.</li> <li>Hernandez LA, Miller CL, Vaughn EM. Particle and subunit-based hemagglutinin vaccines provide protective efficacy against H1N1 influenza in pigs. Vet Microbiol. 2016 Aug 15;191:35-43. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.05.011. Epub 2016 Jun 2. PubMed PMID: 27374905.</li> <li>White SK, Ma W, McDaniel CJ, Gray GC, Lednicky JA. Serologic evidence of exposure to influenza D virus among persons with occupational contact with cattle. J Clin Virol. 2016 Aug;81:31-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.05.017. Epub 2016 May 31. PubMed PMID: 27294672.</li> <li>Paccha B, Jones RM, Gibbs S, Kane MJ, Torremorell M, Neira-Ramirez V, Rabinowitz PM. Modeling risk of occupational zoonotic influenza infection in swine workers. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2016 Aug;13(8):577-87. doi: 10.1080/15459624.2016.1159688. PubMed PMID: 26950677.</li> <li>Sandbulte MR, Gauger PC, Kitikoon P, Chen H, Perez DR, Roth JA, Vincent AL. Neuraminidase inhibiting antibody responses in pigs differ between influenza A virus N2 lineages and by vaccine type. Vaccine. 2016 Jul 19;34(33):3773-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.06.001. Epub 2016 Jun 17. PubMed PMID: 27325350. </li> <li>Gutiérrez AH, Loving C, Moise L, Terry FE, Brockmeier SL, Hughes HR, Martin WD, De Groot AS. In Vivo Validation of Predicted and Conserved T Cell Epitopes in a Swine Influenza Model. PLoS One. 2016 Jul 13;11(7):e0159237. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159237. eCollection 2016. PubMed PMID: 27411061; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4943726.</li> <li>Balzli C, Lager K, Vincent A, Gauger P, Brockmeier S, Miller L, Richt JA, Ma  W, Suarez D, Swayne  DE. Susceptibility of swine to H5 and H7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2016 Jul;10(4):346-52. doi: 10.1111/irv.12386. Epub 2016 Apr 5. PubMed PMID: 26946338; PubMed Central PMCID:  PMC4910171. </li> <li>Rajão DS, Chen H, Perez DR, Sandbulte MR, Gauger PC, Loving CL, Shanks GD, Vincent A. Vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease is influenced by haemagglutinin and neuraminidase in whole inactivated influenza virus vaccines. J Gen Virol. 2016 Jul;97(7):1489-99. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.000468. Epub 2016 Mar 31. PubMed PMID: 27031847.</li> <li>Poulson RL, Tompkins SM, Berghaus RD, Brown JD, Stallknecht DE. Environmental Stability of Swine and Human Pandemic Influenza Viruses in Water under Variable Conditions of Temperature, Salinity, and pH. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2016 Jun 13;82(13):3721-6. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00133-16. Print 2016 Jul 1. PubMed PMID: 27084011; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4907172.</li> <li>Souza CK, Rajão DS, Loving CL, Gauger PC, Pérez DR, Vincent AL. Age at Vaccination and Timing of Infection Do Not Alter Vaccine-Associated Enhanced Respiratory Disease in Influenza A Virus-Infected Pigs. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2016 Jun 6;23(6):470-82. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00563-15. Print 2016 Jun. PubMed PMID:  27030585; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4895012. </li> <li>Kong W, Liu Q, Sun Y, Wang Y, Gao H, Liu L, Qin Z, He Q, Sun H, Pu J, Wang D, Guo X, Yang H, Chang KC, Shu Y, Liu J. Transmission and pathogenicity of novel reassortants derived from Eurasian avian-like and 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza viruses in mice and guinea pigs. Sci Rep. 2016 Jun 2;6:27067. doi: 10.1038/srep27067. PubMed PMID: 27252023; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4890009.</li> <li>Paccha B, Neira-Ramirez V, Gibbs S, Torremorell M, Rabinowitz PM. Swine Worker Precautions During Suspected Outbreaks of Influenza in Swine. J Environ Health. 2016 May;78(9):22-6; quiz 45. PubMed PMID: 27263180.</li> <li>Hiremath J, Kang KI, Xia M, Elaish M, Binjawadagi B, Ouyang K, Dhakal S, Arcos J, Torrelles JB, Jiang X, Lee CW, Renukaradhya GJ. Entrapment of H1N1 Influenza Virus Derived Conserved Peptides in PLGA Nanoparticles Enhances T Cell  Response and Vaccine Efficacy in Pigs. PLoS One. 2016 Apr 19;11(4):e0151922. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151922. eCollection 2016. PubMed PMID: 27093541; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4836704.</li> <li>Lewis NS, Russell CA, Langat P, Anderson TK, Berger K, Bielejec F, Burke DF,  Dudas G, Fonville JM, Fouchier RA, Kellam P, Koel BF, Lemey P, Nguyen T, Nuansrichy B, Peiris JM, Saito T, Simon G, Skepner E, Takemae N; ESNIP3 consortium, Webby RJ, Van Reeth K, Brookes SM, Larsen L, Watson SJ, Brown IH, Vincent AL. The global antigenic diversity of swine influenza A viruses. Elife. 2016 Apr 15;5:e12217. doi: 10.7554/eLife.12217. PubMed PMID: 27113719; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4846380.</li> <li>Dwivedi V, Manickam C, Dhakal S, Binjawadagi B, Ouyang K, Hiremath J, Khatri M, Hague JG, Lee CW, Renukaradhya GJ. Adjuvant effects of invariant NKT cell ligand potentiates the innate and adaptive immunity to an inactivated H1N1 swine  influenza virus vaccine in pigs. Vet Microbiol. 2016 Apr 15;186:157-63. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.02.028. Epub 2016 Mar 2. PubMed PMID: 27016770.</li> <li>Rajao DS, Sandbulte MR, Gauger PC, Kitikoon P, Platt R, Roth JA, Perez DR, Loving CL, Vincent AL. Heterologous challenge in the presence of maternally-derived antibodies results in vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory  disease in weaned piglets. Virology. 2016 Apr;491:79-88. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.01.015. Epub 2016 Feb 11. PubMed PMID: 26874588; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4825855.</li> <li>Krishna VD, Wu K, Perez AM, Wang JP. Giant Magnetoresistance-based Biosensor  for Detection of Influenza A Virus. Front Microbiol. 2016 Mar 29;7:400. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00400. eCollection 2016. PubMed PMID: 27065967; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4809872.</li> <li>Artiaga BL, Yang G, Hackmann TJ, Liu Q, Richt JA, Salek-Ardakani S, Castleman WL, Lednicky JA, Driver JP. α-Galactosylceramide protects swine against influenza infection when administered as a vaccine adjuvant. Sci Rep. 2016 Mar 23;6:23593.  doi: 10.1038/srep23593. PubMed PMID: 27004737; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4804283.</li> <li>Goodell CK, Prickett J, Kittawornrat A, Johnson J, Zhang J, Wang C, Zimmerman JJ. Evaluation of Screening Assays for the Detection of Influenza A Virus Serum Antibodies in Swine. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2016 Feb;63(1):24-35. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12214. Epub 2014 Feb 27. PubMed PMID: 24571447.</li> <li>Bowman AS, Nolting JM, Workman JD, Cooper M, Fisher AE, Marsh B, Forshey T. The Inability to Screen Exhibition Swine for Influenza A Virus Using Body Temperature. Zoonoses Public Health. 2016 Feb;63(1):34-9. doi: 10.1111/zph.12201. Epub 2015 Apr 17. PubMed PMID: 25884907; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4609228. </li> <li>Nelson MI, Wentworth DE, Das SR, Sreevatsan S, Killian ML, Nolting JM, Slemons RD, Bowman  AS. Evolutionary Dynamics of Influenza A Viruses in US  Exhibition Swine. J Infect Dis. 2016 Jan 15;213(2):173-82. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiv399. Epub 2015 Aug 4. PubMed PMID: 26243317; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4690152.  </li> <li>Neira V, Rabinowitz P, Rendahl A, Paccha B, Gibbs SG, Torremorell M. Characterization of Viral Load, Viability and Persistence of Influenza A Virus in Air and on Surfaces of Swine Production Facilities. PLoS One. 2016 Jan 12;11(1):e0146616. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146616. eCollection 2016. PubMed PMID: 26757362; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4710569.  </li> <li>Alonso C, Raynor PC, Davies PR, Morrison RB, Torremorell M. Evaluation of an  electrostatic particle ionization technology for decreasing airborne pathogens in pigs. Aerobiologia (Bologna). 2016;32(3):405-419. Epub 2015 Dec 8. PubMed PMID: 27616810; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4996881.</li> <li>Goodell CK, Zhang J, Strait E, Harmon K, Patnayak D, Otterson T, Culhane M, Christopher-Hennings J, Clement T, Leslie-Steen P, Hesse R, Anderson J, Skarbek K, Vincent A, Kitikoon P, Swenson S, Jenkins-Moore M, McGill J, Rauh R, Nelson W, O'Connell C, Shah R, Wang C, Main R, Zimmerman JJ. Ring test evaluation of the detection of influenza A virus in swine oral fluids by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and virus isolation. Can J Vet Res. 2016 Jan;80(1):12-20. PubMed PMID: 26733728; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4686030.</li> </ol>   Senecavirus: <ol> <li>Joshi LR, Fernandes MH, Clement T, Lawson S, Pillatzki A, Resende TP, Vannucci FA, Kutish GF, Nelson EA, Diel DG. Pathogenesis of Senecavirus A infection in finishing pigs. J Gen Virol. 2016 Dec;97(12):3267-3279. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.000631. Epub 2016 Oct 14. PubMed PMID: 27902357. </li> <li>Chen Z, Yuan F, Li Y, Shang P, Schroeder R, Lechtenberg K, Henningson J, Hause B, Bai J, Rowland RRR, Clavijo A, Fang Y. Construction and characterization of a  full-length cDNA infectious clone of emerging porcine Senecavirus A. Virology. 2016 Oct;497:111-124. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.07.003. Epub 2016 Jul 25. PubMed  PMID: 27459668.</li> <li>Gimenez-Lirola LG, Rademacher C, Linhares D, Harmon K, Rotolo M, Sun Y, Baum DH, Zimmerman J, Piñeyro P. Serological and Molecular Detection of Senecavirus A  Associated with an Outbreak of Swine Idiopathic Vesicular Disease and Neonatal Mortality. J Clin Microbiol. 2016 Aug;54(8):2082-9. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00710-16. Epub 2016 May 25. PubMed PMID: 27225408; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4963487. </li> <li>Montiel N, Buckley A, Guo B, Kulshreshtha V, VanGeelen A, Hoang H, Rademacher  C, Yoon KJ, Lager K. Vesicular Disease in 9-Week-Old Pigs Experimentally Infected with Senecavirus A. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016 Jul;22(7):1246-8. doi: 10.3201/eid2207.151863. PubMed PMID: 27315363; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4918149.</li> <li>Guo B, Piñeyro PE, Rademacher CJ, Zheng Y, Li G, Yuan J, Hoang H, Gauger PC, Madson DM, Schwartz KJ, Canning PE, Arruda BL, Cooper VL, Baum DH, Linhares DC, Main RG, Yoon KJ. Novel Senecavirus A in Swine with Vesicular Disease, United States, July 2015. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016 Jul;22(7):1325-7. doi: 10.3201/eid2207.151758. PubMed PMID: 27314645; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4918180.</li> <li>Canning P, Canon A, Bates JL, Gerardy K, Linhares DC, Piñeyro PE, Schwartz KJ, Yoon KJ, Rademacher CJ, Holtkamp D, Karriker L. Neonatal Mortality, Vesicular Lesions and Lameness Associated with Senecavirus A in a U.S. Sow Farm. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2016 Aug;63(4):373-8. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12516. Epub 2016 May 23. PubMed PMID: 27213868.</li> <li>Hause BM, Myers O, Duff J, Hesse RA. Senecavirus A in Pigs, United States, 2015. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016 Jul;22(7):1323-5. doi: 10.3201/eid2207.151591. PubMed PMID: 27314580; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4918151.</li> <li>Wang L, Prarat M, Hayes J, Zhang Y. Detection and Genomic Characterization of  Senecavirus A, Ohio, USA, 2015. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016 Jul;22(7):1321-3. doi: 10.3201/eid2207.151897. PubMed PMID: 27314491; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4918170. </li> <li>Joshi LR, Mohr KA, Clement T, Hain KS, Myers B, Yaros J, Nelson EA, Christopher-Hennings J, Gava D, Schaefer R, Caron L, Dee S, Diel DG. Detection of the Emerging Picornavirus Senecavirus A in Pigs, Mice, and Houseflies. J Clin Microbiol. 2016 Jun;54(6):1536-45. doi: 10.1128/JCM.03390-15. Epub 2016 Mar 30. PubMed PMID: 27030489; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4879313.</li> </ol>   Others:

Impact Statements

Impacts: General impacts of the NC-229 program • First, it should be mentioned that a very important verifiable impact has been the excellent reception (in respect to record attendance, and active interest of engaged audience) of the high quality scientific presentations that the NC-229 meeting featured this year jointly with the North American PRRS and other Emerging Viruses Symposium. • A positive parameter that permits to anticipate important long term impacts for this current 5 year project is the number of publications submitted by the group during the year 2016 (third year of the project). As shown in the document attached (under “Publications”), the NC-229 group has published in 2016 a total of 135 refereed journal publications in the area of PRRSV, PCV2, influenza virus, swine enteric coronaviruses and senecavirus. The number would be higher if other publications are included. A non-comprehensive list of impacts related to major swine viral pathogens, consisting only of some examples for 2015, follows: Impacts in PRRSV Control: • Possible role of IFN-positive PRRSV strain on vaccine improvement (UMD) • Possible role of molecular attenuation in attaining better MLV vaccines (OHIO) • Advances in understanding virulence of highly pathogenic PRRSV ( CHINA Agr U) • Patent (PCT132015/052214) for a synthetic PRRSV virus serving as seed vaccine candidate for broad protection against PRRSV type II. The invention received the “2015 Breakthrough of the Year Award” conferred by UNL (UNL/UIUC).Currently explored by industry • Focus on broadly neutralizing antibodies and swine genetics may provide a bio-marker for broadly protective vaccine (KSU) • Focus on DIVA marker candidates (NADC) Impacts in PEDV and other endemic swine viruses research • PEDV pathogenesis, and SVV pathogenesis and diagnostic tools (ISU, MN,SDSU, KSU) • Elucidation of risk of feed transmission for PEDV (SDSU) • Swine health monitoring program for studies on virus transmission (SIV) (MN) • Strains and platforms to improve current SIV vaccines (NADC,ISU,MN) Impacts in FAD : • Vigorous emphasis for development of noninfectious diagnostic reagents (probes, microarrays, Elisas, Mabs) to be used in US labs (ISU,KSU,SDSU,MN) • ASFV: international collaboration on ASFV virulence and protective immunity conducted in the field (VNIIVViM Russia/UIUC) • CSFV: Regional Surveillance of CSFV in the Caribbean area, and OIE twinning project for validation of CSF regional diagnostic tools (CENSACUBA/Hannover U. Germany)

Date of Annual Report: 12/03/2017

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 12/03/2017 - 12/03/2017
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2016 - 09/30/2017

Participants

Participants Attachment:

NC229 Report 2017.pdf

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

2017 NC-229 Report Appendix-D (2).docx

Accomplishments

1 ANNUAL REPORT PROJECT NC-229 PERIOD COVERED: December 1 2016 to November 30 2017 INSTITUTION OR STATION: Iowa State University A. NC-229 REPRESENTATIVE: Zimmerman, Jeff Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine (VDPAM) jjzimm@iastate.edu 515-294-1073 PRINCIPLE LEADERS at Iowa State University associated with the projects Arruda, B wilberts@iastate.edu 515-294-5750 Karriker, Locke karriker@iastate.edu 515-294-2283 Schwartz, Kent J. kschwart@iastate.edu 515-294-1177 Baum, D dhbaum@iastate.edu 515-294-1186 Linhares, Daniel Linhares@iastate.edu 515-294-9358 Stevenson, Greg W stevengw@iastate.edu 515-294-1124 Burrough, ER burrough@iastate.edu 515-294-0190 Madson, Darin madson@iastate.edu 515-294-9808 Wang, Chong chwang@iastate.edu 515-294-3836 Li, Ganwu liganwu@iastate.edu 515-294-3358 Main, Rodger G rmain@iastate.edu 515-294-6945 Yoon, Kyoung-Jin kyoon@iastate.edu 515-294-1083 Gauger, Phillip C pcgauger@iastate.edu 515-294-2437 Piñeyro, Pablo E pablop@iastate.edu 515-294-3837 Zhang, Jianqing jqzhang@iastate.edu 515-294-8024 Halbur, Patrick pghalbur@iastate.edu 515-294-1137 Ramirez, Alejandro ramireza@iastate.edu 515-294-7463 Holtkamp, Derald J Holtkamp@iastate.edu 515-294-9611 Roth, JA jaroth@iastate.edu 515-294-8459 2 B. PROGRESS OF WORK AND PRINCIPAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS: OBJECTIVE 1. Control of PRRSV. Refer to publications listed in Section D. OBJECTIVE 2. Developing effective and efficient approaches for detection, prevention and control of pressing viral diseases of swine of recent emergence Refer to publications listed in Section D. C. IMPACT AND VALUE OF RESEARCH TO STAKEHOLDERS (500 words): Research advances over the last year by this research group have continued to expand our understanding of PRRSV, PEDV, PCV2, IAV, ASFV, SVA and other emerging viral diseases of swine and provide new ideas for preventing, countering and/or eliminating these infections. Extensive work has been done on the mechanisms of host-pathogen(s) interactions. Likewise new work on the ecology and epidemiology of these agents provide insight into the mechanisms by which they maintain endemicity. Continued assessment and research in diagnostic technology is contributing to the improvement and refinement of our ability to surveil, detect, and diagnose PRRSV, PEDV, PCV2, IAV, ASFV, SVA, and other emerging viral infections. On-going work on new methods of surveillance promise to provide new, highly cost-effective methods of tracking infection and implementing area elimination/eradication programs. Accomplishments in these areas linked with research in viral ecology/epidemiology and improvements in vaccinology will lead to the development of approaches that will make possible the control of PRRSV and other viral infections on farms and in regions. D. PUBLICATIONS ISSUED OR “IN PRESS” 1) Refereed publications Abente EJ, Gauger PC, Walia RR, Rajao DS, Zhang J, Harmon KM, Killian ML, Vincent AL. 2017. Detection and characterization of an H4N6 avian-lineage virus in pigs in the Midwestern United States. Virology 511:56-65. Abente EJ, Kitikoon P, Lager KM, Gauger PC, Anderson TK, Vincent A. 2016. A highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 with 2009 pandemic H1N1 internal genes demonstrates increased replication and transmission in pigs. J Gen Virol 98:18-30. Baker KL, Mowrer C, Canon A, Linhares DCL, Rademacher C, Karriker LA, Holtkamp DJ. 2016. Systematic epidemiological investigations of cases of Senecavirus A in U.S. swine breeding herds. Transbound Emerg Dis 64:11–18. Baker KL, Thomas PR, Karriker LA, Ramirez A, Zhang J, Wang C, and Holtkamp DJ. 2017. Evaluation of an accelerated hydrogen peroxide disinfectant to inactivate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in swine feces on aluminum surfaces under freezing conditions. BMC Vet Res 81:100-107. Canning P, Ruston C, Madson D, Bates J, Skoland K, Davenport J, Gaul S, Wang C, Chen Q, Zhang J, Karriker L. 2017. Effect of direct-fed microbial Bacillus subtilis C-3102 on 3 enteric health in nursery pigs after challenge with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. J Swine Health Prod 25:129-137. Cao D, Cao QM, Subramaniam S, Yugo DM, Heffron CL, Rogers AJ, Kenney SP, Tian D, Matzinger SR, Overend C, Catanzaro N, LeRoith T, Wang H, Piñeyro P, Lindstrom N, Clark-Deener S, Yuan L, Meng, X-J. 2017. Pig model mimicking chronic hepatitis E virus infection in immunocompromised patients to assess immune correlates during chronicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 114:6914-6923. Cochrane RA, Schumacher LL, Dritz SS, Woodworth JC, Huss AR, Stark CR, DeRouchey JM, Tokach MD, Goodband RD, Bai J, Chen Q, Zhang J, Gauger PC, Derscheid RJ, Magstadt DM, Main RG, Jones CK. 2017. Effect of pelleting on survival of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)-contaminated feed. J Anim Sci 95:1170-1178. Curry S, Schwartz KJ, Yoon KJ, Gabler NK, Burrough ER. 2017. Effect of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection on nursery pig intestinal function and barrier integrity. Vet Microbiol 211:58-66. Curry SM, Burrough ER, Schwartz KJ, Yoon K-J, Lonergan SM, Gabler NK. 2017. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus reduces feed efficiency in nursery pigs. J Anim Sci (in press). Curry SM, Gibson KA, Burrough ER, Schwartz KJ, Yoon KJ, Gabler NK. 2017. Nursery pig growth performance and tissue accretion modulation due to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus or porcine deltacoronavirus challenge. J Anim Sci 95:173-181. Evans AB, Dong P, Loyd H, Kraus G, Zhang J, Carpenter S. 2017. Identification and characterization of small molecule inhibitors of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Antiviral Res 146:28-35. Ferreyra FM, Arruda B, Stevenson G, Schwartz K, Madson D, Yoon KJ, Zhang J, Pineyro P, Chen Q, Arruda P. 2017. Development of polioencephalomyelitis in cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived pigs following experimental inoculation with either Teschovirus A serotype 2 or serotype 11. Viruses 9:179. Gillam F, Zhang J, and Zhang C. 2017. Hepatitis B core antigen based novel vaccine against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. J VirolMethods (in press). Giménez-Lirola LG, Zhang J, Carrillo JA, ChenQ, Magtoto R, PoonsukK, Baum DH, Piñeyro P, Zimmerman J. 2017. Reactivity of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus structural proteins to antibodies against porcine enteric coronaviruses: diagnostic implications. J Clin Microbiol 55:1426-1436. Gonzalez W, Giménez-Lirola LG, Holmes A, Lizano S, Goodell C, Poonsuk K, Sitthicharoenchai P, Sun Y, Zimmerman J. 2017. Detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ApxIV toxin antibody in serum and oral fluid specimens from pigs inoculated under experimental conditions. J Vet Res 61:163-171. Holtkamp DJ, Myers J, Thomas P, Karriker L, Ramirez A, Zhang J, Wang C. 2017. Efficacy of an accelerated hydrogen peroxide disinfectant to inactivate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in swine feces on metal surfaces. Can J Vet Res 81:100-107. Kraft JB, Woodard K, Giménez-Lirola L, Setness B, Ju J, Lasley P, Nelson E, Zhang J, Baum D, Gauger P, Main R, Zimmerman J. 2017. Serum and mammary secretion antibody responses in PEDV-immune gilts following PEDV vaccination. J Swine Health Prod (in press). 4 Lee K, Polson D, Lowe E, Main R, Holtkamp D, Martínez López B. 2017. Unraveling the contact patterns and network structure of pig shipments in the United States and its association with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) outbreaks. Prev Vet Med 138:113–123. Linhares DCL, Betlach C, Morrison RB. 2017. Effect of immunologic solutions on sows and gilts on time to stability, and production losses in breeding herds infected with 1-7-4 PRRSV. Prev Vet Med doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.05.024 Lopez WA, Angulo J, Zimmerman JJ, Linhares DCL. 2017. PRRS monitoring in breeding herds using processing fluids. J Swine Health Prod (in press). Martin BE, Sun H, Carrel M, Cummingham FL, Baroch JA, Hanson-Dorr KC, Young SG, Schmit B, Nolting J, Yoon K-J, Lutman MW, Pedersen K, Lager K, Bowman A, Slemons R, Smith DR, DeLiberto T, Wan X-F. 2017. US feral swine were exposed to both avian and swine influenza A viruses. Appl Environ Microboil (in press). Matias-Ferreyra F, Arruda B, Stevenson G, Schwartz K, Madson D, Yoon K-J, Zhang J, Piñeyro P, Chen Q, Arruda P. 2017. Development of polioencephalomyelitis in cesareanderived colostrum-deprived pigs following experimental inoculation with either Teschovirus A serotype 2 or serotype 11. Viruses 9:e179. Opriessnig T, Gerber PF, Shen H, Castro A, Zhang J, Chen Q, Halbur PG. 2017. Evaluation of the efficacy of a commercial inactivated genogroup 2b based porcine epidemic diarrhea virus vaccine and experimental live genogroup 1b exposure against 2b challenge. Vet Res 48:69. Palinski R, Piñeyro P, Shang P, Yuan F, Guo R, Fang Y, Byers E, Hause BM. 2017. A novel porcine circovirus distantly related to known circoviruses is associated with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome and reproductive failure. J Virol 91(1):e01879-16. Park JY, Welch M, Harmon KM, Zhang J, Piñeyro PE, Li G, Gauger PC. 2017. Complete genome sequence of porcine respirovirus 1 strain USA/MN25890NS/2016, isolated in the United States. Genome Announc 5(42):e01139-17. Piñeyro PE, Lozada MI, Alarcón LV, Sanguinetti R, Cappuccio JA, Pérez EM, Vannucci F, Armocida AD, Madson DM, Perfumo CJ, Quiroga MA. 2017. First retrospective studies with etiological confirmation of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection in Argentina. BMC Vet Res (in press). Piñeyro PE, Subramaniam S, Kenney SP, Heffron CL, Giménez-Lirola LG, Meng XJ. 2016. Modulation of proinflammatory cytokines in monocyte-derived dendritic cells by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus through interaction with the porcine intercellular-adhesion-molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin. Viral Immunol 29:546-556 PoonsukK, Zhang J, ChenQ, GonzalezW, Correa da Silva Carrion L, Sun Y, Ji J, Wang C, Main R, Zimmerman J, Giménez-Lirola L. 2016. Quantifying the effect of lactogenic antibody on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in neonatal piglets. Vet Microbiol 197:83-92. Poonsuk K, Zimmerman J. 2017. Historical and contemporary aspects of maternal immunity in swine. Anim Health Res Rev doi.org/10.1017/S1466252317000123 5 Rajao DS, Loving CL, Waide EH, Gauger PC, Dekkers JC, Tuggle CK, Vincent AL. 2017. Pigs with severe combined immunodeficiency are impaired in controlling Influenza A virus infection. J Innate Immun 9:193-202. Rajão DS, Walia R, Campbell B, Gauger PC, Janas-Martindale A, Killian ML, Vincent AL. 2017. Reassortment between swine H3N2 and 2009 pandemic H1N1 in the United States resulted in influenza A viruses with diverse genetic constellations with variable virulence in pigs. J Virol 91:e01763-16. Rotolo ML, Giménez-Lirola L, Ji J, Magtoto R, Henao-Diaz YA, Wang C, Baum DH, Harmon KM, Main RG, Zimmerman JJ. 2017. Detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-specific IgM-IgA in oral fluid samples reveals PRRSV infection in the presence of maternal antibody. Vet Microbiol doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.11.011. Rotolo ML, Sun Y, Wang C, Giménez-Lirola L, Baum DH, Gauger PC, Harmon KM, Hoogland M, Main R, Zimmerman JJ. 2017. Sampling guidelines for oral fluid-based surveys of group-housed animals. Vet Microbiol 209:20-29. Schumacher LL, Huss AR, Cochrane RA, Stark CR, Woodworth JC, Bai J, Poulsen E, Chen Q, Main RG, Zhang J, Gauger PC, Ramirez A, Derscheid RJ, Magstadt DR, Dritz SS, Jones CK. 2017. Characterizing the rapid spread of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) through an animal food manufacturing facility. PLOS One. 12:e0187309 Senthilkumaran C, Yang M, Bittner H, AmbagalaA, Lung O, Zimmerman J, Giménez-Lirola LG, Nfon C. 2017. Detection of genome, antigen and antibodies in oral fluids from pigs infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus. Can J Vet Res 81:82-90. Silva GS, Schwartz M, Morrison RB, Linhares DCL. 2017. Monitoring breeding herd production data to detect PRRSV outbreaks. Prev Vet Med 148:89-93. Sparks JW, Karriker LA, Day DN, Wulf LW, Zhang J, Stock ML, Bates JL, Gehring R, and Coetzee JF. 2017. Vaccination mitigates the impact of PRRSV infection on the pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid in pigs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 40:363- 369. Subramaniam S, Piñeyro P, Derscheid RJ, Madson DM, Magstadt DR, Meng XJ. 2017. Dendritic cell-targeted porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) antigens adjuvanted with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (I: C)) induced nonprotective immune responses against heterologous type 2 PRRSV challenge in pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 190:18-25. Sun Y, Wang C, Meeker WQ, Morris M, Rotolo M, Zimmerman J. 2017. A latent spatial piecewise exponential model for interval-censored disease surveillance data with timevarying covariates and misclassification. Statistics and Its Interface (in press). Temeeyasen G, Madapong A, Saeng-Chuto K, Stott CJ, Piñeyro P, Nilubol D. 2017. Mucosal immune response in pigs following the primary and secondary exposure to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus genogroups 1 and 2. BMC Vet Res (in press). Temeeyasen G, Sinha A, Giménez-Lirola LG, Zhang JQ, Piñeyro PE. 2017. Differential gene modulation of pattern-recognition receptor TLR and RIG-I-like and downstream mediators on intestinal mucosa of pigs infected with PEDV non S-INDEL and PEDV SINDEL strains. J Virol (in press). 6 van Geelen AGM, Anderson TK, Lager KM, Das PB, Otis NJ, Montiel NA, Miller LC, Kulshreshtha V, Buckley AC, Brockmeier SL, Zhang J, Gauger PC, Harmon KM, Faaberg KS. 2017. Porcine reproductive and respiratory disease virus: evolution and recombination yields distinct ORF5 RFLP 1-7-4 viruses with individual pathogenicity. Virology 513:168-179. Zhang J, Zheng Y, Xia X, Chen Q, Abate SA, Yoon K-J, Harmon KM, Gauger PC, Main RG, Li G. 2017. High-throughput whole genome sequencing of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus from cell culture materials and clinical samples using nextgeneration sequencing technology. J Vet Diagn Invest 29:41-50. 2) Abstracts or Proceedings Almeida MN, Zimmerman J, Linhares D. November 2017. PRRSV monitoring at the abattoir using oral fluids. Proc 2017 James D. McKean Swine Disease Conference. Ames, Iowa. pp. 72-73. Almeida MN, Zimmerman JJ, Holtkamp D, Rademacher C, Linhares DCL. November 2017. Maximizing herd sensitivity to detect PRRSV in due-to-wean pigs using family oral fluids sampling. Proc 2017 James D. McKean Swine Disease Conference. Ames, Iowa. p 66- 68. Anderson TK, Gauger PC, Souza CK, Walia RR, Venkatesh D, Zeller MA, Rajao DS, Lewis NS, Abente EJ, Zhang J, Vincent AL. 2017. Spatial dissemination and evolution of human-origin H3 influenza A virus in US swine. 10th Annual NIAID Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance Network Meeting. Anderson TK, Gauger PC, Souza CK, Walia RR, Venkatesh D, Zeller MA, Rajao DS, Lewis NS, Abente EJ, Zhang J, Vincent AL. June 2017. Spatial dissemination and evolution of human-origin H3 influenza A virus in US swine. 36th Annual Meeting of American Society for Virology. Madison, Wisconsin. Baker K, Mowrer C, Zhang J, Ramirez A, Karriker L, Holtkamp D.J. March 2017. Evaluation of a peroxygen-based disinfectant to inactivate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in swine feces on metal surfaces under freezing conditions. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. p. 53. Baker S, Linhares DCL. November 2017. Assessment of production impact following attenuated PRRS virus vaccination in endemically infected breeding herds. Proc 2017 James D. McKean Swine Disease Conference. Ames, Iowa. p. 70-71. Baum DH, Giménez-Lirola LG, Zimmerman JJ, Main RG. November 2017. Serology overview. Proc 2017 James D. McKean Swine Disease Conference. Ames, Iowa. pp. 115-117. Bhandari M, Hoang H, Sun D, Shi K, Labios L, Madson D, Magstadt D, Arruda P, Yoo D, Yoon K-J. December 2016. Humoral immune ontogeny in weaned pigs following experimental porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection/reinfection. Proc 97th Ann Meet Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, Illinois. Buckley A, Guo B, Kulshreshtha V, van Geelen A, Yoon K-J, Lager K. December 2017. Comparison of historic and contemporary strains of Senecavirus A. Proc 98th Ann Meet Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, Illinois. 7 Buckley A, Guo B, Montiel N, Kulshreshtha V, van Geelen A, Yoon KJ, Lager K. December 2016. Senecavirus A infection in sows, neonates, and market weight gilts with subsequent protective immunity. Proc 97th Ann Meet Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, Illinois. Buckley A, Kulshreshtha V, van Geelen A, Guo B, Yoon K-J, Lager K. September 2017 Infectious dose of Senecavirus A in market-weight swine and neonatal piglets. Proc Allen D. Leman Swine Conference. St. Paul, Minnesota. Canning P, Ruston C, Madson D, Bates J, Skoland K, Davenport J, Wang C, Chen Q, Zhang J, Karriker L. March 2017. Effect of direct fed microbial, Calsporin® (Bacillus subtilis C- 3102), on enteric health in nursery pigs after challenge with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. p. 167. Carlson J, Vincent AL, Zhang J, Gauger PC. December 2016. Serological prevalence of three H1 phylogenetic clades and two H3 antigenic clusters of influenza A virus in breeding age swine in the United States. Proc 97th Ann Meet Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, Illinois. Abstr #140. Chen Q, Chenghuai Yang C, Zheng Y, Gauger P, Anderson T, Harmon K, Zhang J, Yoon KJ, Main R, Li G. October 2017. Identification and genetic characterization of a novel avian deltacoronavirus using next-generation sequencing technology. Proc 60th Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California. p. 121. Chen Q, Gauger P, Thomas J, Welch M, Gerber P, Opriessnig T, Arruda P, Magstadt D, Giménez-Lirola L, Zhang J. March 2017. Evaluation of pathogenesis and antibody responses of porcine deltacoronavirus in 3-week-old weaned pigs. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. pp. 281-282. Chen Q, Zheng Y, Guo B, Zhang J, Yoon KJ, Gauger P, Bade S, Stensland W, Harmon K, Main R, Li G. March 2017. Identification of multiple viruses in swine fecal samples using next-generation sequencing technology coupled with Kraken algorithm-based bioinformatics analysis pipeline. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. pp. 279-280. Fitzgerald C, Baker K, Anderson A, Stika R, Linhares D, Holtkamp D. March 2017. Comparison of standard and bench entry protocols for prevention of environmental contamination due to personnel entry in a commercial swine facility. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. p. 59. Gauger PC, Zeller MA, Harmon KM, Zhang J. November 2017. Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Influenza A virus update in swine. Proc 2017 ISU James D McKean Swine Disease Conference, Iowa State University. Ames, Iowa, pp. 55- 64. Gebhardt JT, Dritz SS, Woodworth JC, Jones CK, Gauger PC, Tokach MD, Stark CR, Muckey M, Zhang J, Main RG. March 2017. Evaluation of the effects of flushing feed manufacturing equipment with chemically treated rice hulls on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) cross-contamination during feed manufacturing. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. p. 241. Gibson KA, Curry SM, Burrough ER, Schwartz KJ, Guo B, Schweer WP, Bhandari M, Hoang H, Azeem S, Gabler NK, Yoon K-J. December 2016. Comparison of porcine 8 epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) for pathogenicity in nursery pigs. Proc 97th Ann Meet Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, Illinois. Giménez-Lirola L, Zhan J, Carrillo Avila JA, Chen Qi, Magtoto R, Poonsuk K, Baum D, Pineyro PE, Zimmerman J. October 2017. Serologic cross-reactivity between PEDV and other porcine enteric coronavirus. Proc 60th Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California. p. 223. Giménez-Lirola LG, Zhang J, Carrillo-Avila JA, Chen Q, Magtoto R, Poonsuk K, Baum D, Piñeyro P, Zimmerman J. June 2017. Gene expression of downstream mediators of TLR and RIG-1-like receptors in pigs infected with PEDV. XIVth International Nidovirus Symposium. Kansas City, MO. Hoang H, Madson D, Derscheid R, Miller C, Groeltz J, Sun D, Yoon K-J. December 2016. Development of murine monoclonal antibodies (mABs) for porcine rotavirus (PoRV) group A, B, and C and their use in a comparative pathogenicity study. Proc 97th Ann Meet Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, Illinois. Holtkamp D, Linhares D. March 2017. Understanding how pathogens infect pig farms. Proc Preconference Seminar, Biosecurity. 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. pp. 3-4. Houston E, Luis Gabriel Gimenez-Lirola, Avanti Sinha, Pablo E. Pineyro. October 2017. Determination of the immunodominant regions of Senecavirus A-VP1 by ELISA epitope mapping. Proc 60th Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California. Houston E, Luis Gabriel Gimenez-Lirola, Ronaldo Magtoto, Pablo E. Pineyro. October 2017. Evaluation of Senecavirus A transmission in mice under experimental conditions. Proc 60th Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California. Joshi LR, Mohr KA, Gava D, Kutish G, Pineyro P, Zhang J, Caron L, Schaefer R, Diel DG. December 2016. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Senecavirus A. Proc 97th Ann Meet Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, Illinois. Joshi LR, Mohr KA, Gava D, Kutish G, Piñeyro P, Zhang J, Caron L, Schaefer R, Diel DG. December 2016. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Senecavirus A. Proc North American PRRS Symposium. Chicago, Illinois. Kraft JB, Woodard K, Giménez-Lirola L, Setness B, Ji J, Lasley P, Nelson E, Zhang J, Baum D, Gauger P, Zimmerman J, Main R. March 2017. Serum and mammary secretion antibody responses in PEDV-exposed gilts following PEDV vaccination. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. p. 50. Kraft JB, Woodard K, Giménez-Lirola L, Setness B, Ji J, Lasley P, Nelson E, Zhang J, Baum D, Gauger P, Zimmerman J, Main R. December 2016. Serum and mammary secretion antibody responses in PEDV-exposed gilts following PEDV vaccination. Proc 97th Ann Meet Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, Illinois. Abstr #150. Kraft JB, Woodard K, Giménez-Lirola L, Setness B, Ji J, Lasley P, Nelson E, Zhang J, Baum D, Gauger P, Zimmerman J, Main R. December 2016. Serum and mammary secretion antibody responses in PEDV-exposed gilts following PEDV vaccination. Proc North American PRRS Symposium. Chicago, Illinois. Abstr #67. 9 Li G, Chen Q, Yang C, Zheng Y, Guo B, Gauger P, Harmon K, Zhang J, Yoon K-J, Stevenson G, Schwartz K, Burrough E, Madson D, Arruda P, Arruda B, Magstadt D, Pineyro P, Derscheid R, Main R. October 2017. Application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology in food animal diagnostic medicine. Proc 60th Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California. p137. Lopez WA, Linhares DCL. November 2017. Processing fluids, blood serum, and tail blood swabs to detect PRRSV RNA and PCV2 DNA by PCR-based assays. Proc 2017 James D. McKean Swine Disease Conference. Ames, Iowa. p 69. Lopez WA, Zimmerman JJ, Angulo J, Linhares DCL. November 2017. Processing fluids for detection of PRRSV activity in neonates. Proc 2017 James D. McKean Swine Disease Conference. Ames, Iowa. pp. 65. Magtoto R, Baum D, Zhang J, Chen Q, Ju J, Poonsuk K, Pineyro P, Zimmerman J, Giménez- Lirola LG. October 2017. Performance of antibody ELISAs for TGEV/PRCV differential diagnosis. Proc 60th Ann Conference American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians. San Diego, California, p. 94. Mardesen M, Angulo J, Johnson C, Linhares D, Holtkamp D, Ramirez A. March 2017. Assessment of knowledge, compliance, and attitudes of English and Spanish speaking farm employees towards biosecurity practices. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. pp. 57-58. Matias-Ferreyra F, Arruda B, Madson D, Schwartz K, Stevenson G, Zhang JQ, Chen Q, Yoon K, Arruda P. December 2016. Development of posterior ataxia, paralysis and myelitis in cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived pigs following experimental inoculation with either Teschovirus A serotype 2 or serotype 11. Proc 97th Ann Meet Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, Illinois. Matias-Ferreyra F, Arruda B, Madson D, Schwartz K, Stevenson G, Zhang J, Chen Q, Yoon K, Arruda P. March 2017. Identification of neuropathogenic teschovirus A serotype 2 and serotype 11 and experimental reproduction of disease. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. pp. 289-290. Matias-Ferreyra FS, Arruda P, Stevenson G, Arruda B, Schwartz KJ, Yoon KJ, Madson D, Zhang J, Chen Q. 2016. Experimental teschovirus encephalomyelitis induced either by Teschovirus A serotype 2 or serotype 11. Proc 97th Ann Meet Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, Illinois. Mora J, Sarmento L, Main R, Baum D, Zimmerman J, Giménez-Lirola L. October 2017. Adaptation of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) assay to a high-throughput format using imaging cytometry. Proc 60th Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California. p. 8. Opriessnig T, Halbur PG, Gauger P, Zhang J, Chen Q, Tian D, Ni YY, Meng XJ, Tan M. December 2016. Update on novel experimental pig vaccine approaches. Proc North American PRRS Symposium. Chicago, Illinois. Opriessnig T, Shen H, Castro A, Chen Q, Zhang J, Halbur P. 2017. Efficacy of a commercial G2b-based and two experimental G1b-based porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) vaccines against G2b challenge. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. pp. 48-49. 10 Palinski R, Pineyro P, Shang P, Yuan Y, Guo R, Fang Y, Byers E, Hause BM. December 2016. A novel porcine circovirus distantly related to known circoviruses is associated with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome and reproductive failure. Proc North American PRRS Symposium. Chicago, Illinois. Pomfret A, Borts D, Zimmerman J, Henao-Diaz Y, Giménez-Lirola L, Ting-Yu C. October 2017. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of porcine serum and oral fluid following intramuscular administration of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PPRSV) modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine. Proc 60th Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California. p. 5. Poonsuk K, Giménez-Lirola LG, Magtoto R, Baum D, Rademacher C, Brown J, Ju J, Zhang J, Wang C, Main R, Zimmerman J. October 2017. Chemical ‘clean up’ of oral fluids does not adversely affect the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) isotypespecific (IgG, IgA) ELISA responses. Proc 60th Ann Conference American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians. San Diego, California, p. 95. Rauh R, Pineyro PE, Nelson W, Zimmerman J, Giménez-Lirola L. October 2017. Development of a dry room temperatura-stable real-time RT-PCR assay for the specific detection of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV). Proc 60th Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California. p. 7. Rawal G, Arruda PH, Rademacher C, Linhares DCL. September 2017. General trends of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae detection by PCR in cases submitted to the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory from 2004-2016. Proc Allen D. Leman Swine Conference. St. Paul, Minnesota. Rotolo M, Haddad M, Sun Y, Giménez-Lirola L, Bade S, Baum D, Gauger P, Hoogland M, Main R, Zimmerman J. December 2016. Spatial autocorrelation and implications for oral fluid-based PRRSV surveillance. Proc 97th Ann Meet Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, Illinois. Abstr #173. Rotolo M, Haddad M, Sun Y, Giménez-Lirola L, Bade S, Baum D, Gauger P, Hoogland M, Main R, Zimmerman J. December 2016. Spatial autocorrelation and implications for oral fluid-based PRRSV surveillance. Proc North American PRRS Symposium. Chicago, Illinois. Abstr #23. Rotolo M, Haddad M, Sun Y, Giménez-Lirola L, Bade S, Wang C, Baum D, Gauger P, Hoogland M, Main R, Zimmerman J. February 2017. Spatial autocorrelation and implications for oral fluid-based PRRSV surveillance. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. p. 32. Rotolo M, Ji J, Giménez-Lirola L, Magtoto R, Wang C, Baum D, Hoogland M, Main R, Zimmerman J. December 2016. Proof of concept: PRRSV IgM/IgA ELISA detects infection in the face of circulating maternal IgG antibody. Proc 97th Ann Meet Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, Illinois. Abstr #P29. Rotolo M, Ji J, Giménez-Lirola L, Magtoto R, Wang C, Baum D, Hoogland M, Main R, Zimmerman J. December 2016. Proof of concept: PRRSV IgM/IgA ELISA detects infection in the face of circulating maternal IgG antibody. Proc North American PRRS Symposium. Chicago, Illinois. Abstr #22. Rotolo M, Ji J, Giménez-Lirola L, Matoto R, Wang C, Baum D, Hoogland M, Main R, Zimmerman J. February 2017. Proof of concept: PRRSV IgM/IgA ELISA detects 11 infection in the face of circulating maternal IgG antibody. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. p. 31. Rotolo M, Sun Y, Wang C, Main R, Zimmerman J. December 2016. Developments in infectious disease surveillance. Proc North American PRRS Symposium. Chicago, Illinois. Abstr #S7. Rotolo M, Wang C, Haddad M, Sun Y, Hoogland M, Main R, Zimmerman J. November 2017. Is "30" the right answer to your testing question? Probably not! And here is why … Proc 2017 James D. McKean Swine Disease Conference. Ames, Iowa. pp. 118-119. Sarmento L, Mora J, Main R, Baum D, Zimmerman J, Giménez-Lirola L. October 2017. Adaptation of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) fluorescent focus neutralization (FFN) assay to a high-throughput format using imaging cytometry. Proc 60th Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California. p. 8. Schweer WP, Patience JF, Burrough ER, Gabler NK. March 2017. Impact of PRRSV on digestibility and endogenous losses in pigs fed high or low soybean meal diets. American Society of Animal Science Midwest Section Meeting. Omaha, Nebraska. Shen H, Giménez-Lirola LG, Piñeyro PE. April 2017. Upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines following infection with Senecavirus A in NCI-H1299 cells. 9th Biennial All- Iowa Virology Symposium. Ames, Iowa. Silva G.S, Linhares D.C.L, Holtkamp D.J. March 2017. Assessing anti-PRRSV biosecurity. In: Proc. Preconference Seminar, Biosecurity. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. pp. 27-30. Sinha A, Giménez-Lirola LG, Zhang JQ, Pineyro PE. June 2017. Assessing the reactivity of anti-PEDV structural protein antibodies to porcine enteric coronaviruses. XIVth International Nidovirus Symposium. Kansas City, MO. Sinha A, Pineyro PE, Gauger P, Groeltz-Thrush JM, Zhang J, Harmon K. October 2017. Real-time RT-PCR based retrospective assessment of Mammalian Orthoreovirus type-3 in cases of epidemic diarrhea in US swine. Proc 60th Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California. Sinha A, Temeeyasen G, Giménez-Lirola LG, Zhang J, Pineyro PE. October 2017. Differential gene modulation of pattern-recognition receptor TLR and RIG-I-like and downstream mediators on intestinal mucosa of pigs infected with PEDV non S-INDEL and S-INDEL strains. Proc 60th Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California. p. 218. Welch M, Park J, Harmon J, Zhang J, Pineyro P, Giménez-Lirola Luis, Gauger P. November 2017. Pathogenesis and transmission of a porcine parainfluenza virus-1 isolate (MN25890NS/2016) in growing pigs. Proc 2017 James D. McKean Swine Disease Conference. Ames, Iowa. pp. 120-124. Yuan J, Kim H-J, Ensley S, Guo B, Imerman P, Filstrup C, Yoon K-J. December 2016. A PCR Method for rapid and specific detection of toxigenic Microcystis spp. in freshwater samples based on 16S rRNA and microcystin synthetase C (mcyC) gene. Proc 97th Ann Meet Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, Illinois. 12 Zeller M, Vincent A, Anderson T, Abente E, Zhang J, Harmon K, Gauger P. October 2017. Human to swine transmission of novel H3 influenza A viruses from 2010 to 2017. Proc 60th Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California. p. 132. Zhang J, Chen Q, Thomas J, Gauger P. (2017). Pathogenesis and cross-protection of U.S. PEDVs. 9th Biennial All-Iowa Virology Symposium. Ames, Iowa. #10. Zhang J, Nfon C, Lee CH, Tsai CF, Fredericks L, Chen Q, Sinha A, Bade S, Harmon K, Pineyro P, Gauger P, Tsai YL, Wang HT, Chang HF, Lee PY. October 2017. A specific, sensitive, and rapid reverse transcription-insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction on a field-deployable PCR system for Senecavirus A detection in swine samples. Proc 60th Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California. p. 134. Zhang J, Yim-Im W, Chen Q, Zheng Y, Huang H, Gauger P, Harmon K, Li G. October 2017. Identification of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus variant with a large spike gene deletion from clinical swine samples in the US. Proc 60th Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California. p. 135. Zhang J, Zheng Y, Chen Q, Bade S, Yoon KJ, Harmon K, Gauger P, Main R, Li G. March 2017. Application of next-generation sequencing technology to whole genome sequencing of PRRSV under diagnostic testing. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. pp. 35-38. Zhang J, Zimmerman JJ. May 2017. Overview of emerging, re-emerging and/or zoonotic swine viruses. Proc 8th Asian Pig Veterinary Society Congress. Wuhan, China, pp. 45-56. Zhu Y, Huang H, Johnson E, Meyerhofer A, Bade S, Harmon K, Gauger P, Zhang J. October 2017. Comparison of isolation of swine influenza A virus in human colorectal adenocarcinoma (CACO-2) cell line and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line. Proc 60th Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California. p. 216. Zimmerman J. February 2017. Swine medicine in the 21st century: Immovable object meets unstoppable force. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. pp. 12-19. Zimmerman J. July 2017. Desafios en el control de las enfermedades. Memorias LI Congreso Nacional de la Asociación Mexicana de Veterinarios Especialistas en Cerdos (AMVEC). Querétaro, México. pp. 178-183. 3) Book chapters or monographs Balasuriya UBR and Zhang J. 2017. Development and characterization of an infectious cDNA clone of equine arteritis virus. In: Perez DR (ed). Reverse Genetics of RNA Viruses: Methods and Protocols. Methods Mol Biol 1602:11-28. E. FUNDING SOURCES FOR RESEARCH Arruda B, Zhang J, Narasimhan B, Schwartz K, Jones D, Mallapragada S, and Arruda P. Efficacy of a novel intramammary vaccine delivery system for PEDV to decrease preweaning mortality and enhance mechanisms of immunity. Iowa Pork Producers Association. $64,588. 2016-2017. 13 Bai J, Fang Y, Zhang J, Yoon KJ, Jaing C, and Liu X. Detection and differentiation of field strains and commonly used vaccine strains of Type 2 PRRS virus in the US. National Pork Board. $79,080. 2016-2017. Gauger P, Giminez-Lirola L, Park J, Zhang J, Harmon K, Pineyro P, and Welch M. Development of serological assays to detect porcine parainfluenza type 1 (PPIV-1) antibodies in swine. Swine Health Information Center. $34,289. 2017-2018. Gauger P, Harmon K and Zhang J. Validation of a real-time reverse transcription PCR assay for detection of porcine kobuvirus (PKV) in porcine diagnostic samples. Swine Health Information Center. $24,954. 2017-2018. Gauger P, Pineyro P, Harmon K, and Zhang J. Validation of a porcine parainfluenza type-1 challenge model using a cell culture isolate and infectious clone in weaned pigs. Iowa Livestock Health Advisory Council. $23,800. 2017-2018. Gauger P. Development of serological assays for porcine parainfluenza virus type 1 in swine. SHIC 2017-18, $30,000 Gauger P. Pathogenesis of porcine parainfluenza virus type 1 in swine. ILHAC 2016-17, $23,000. Harmon K, Gauger P, Zhang J, Zimmerman J, Arruda P, and Matias-Ferreyra F. Validation of a real-time PCR assay for detection of porcine sapelovirus. Swine Health Information Center. $21,426. 2016-2017. Harmon K, Gauger P, Zhang J, Zimmerman J, Arruda P, and Matias-Ferreyra F. Validation of a real-time PCR assay for detection of porcine teschovirus. Swine Health Information Center. $21,426. 2016-2017. Holtkamp D and Zhang J. Effect of disinfectants and treatment conditions on the molecular detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Ogena Solutions Canada Corp. $26,475. 2017-2018. Holtkamp D.J., Gerardy K., Zhang, J, Ramirez, A., Karriker, L., Mowrer C., Chen Q. Evaluation of a peroxygen disinfectant to inactivate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in swine feces on metal surfaces under freezing conditions. Chemours Company FC, LLC. $48,009. July 1, 2016, 6 months. Holtkamp D.J., Linhares D.C. Comparison of a standard entry and a bench entry protocol for prevention of environmental contamination from personnel entry in a commercial swine facility. American Association of Swine Veterinarians Foundation. $12,500. June 1, 2016, 6 months. Holtkamp D.J., Linhares D.C. Monitoring and updating the value of productivity losses due to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. National Pork Board. $84,237. November 1, 2015. 3 years. Holtkamp D.J., Linhares D.C., Karriker L. Development of PRRS outbreak investigation and data management/analysis program for breeding herds in regional PRRSV projects in Iowa. Iowa Pork Producers Association. $37,628. May 1, 2016. 1 year, continuation. Holtkamp D.J., Linhares D.C., Karriker L., Ramirez A. Development and support of an industry rapid response program for epidemiological investigations of emerging, transboundary and endemic swine diseases with known etiology. Swine Health Information Center. $191,353. September 1, 2016. 1 year. 14 Holtkamp, D.J., Zhang J. Effect of disinfectants and treatment conditions on the molecular detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Virox. $26,475. June 1, 2017. 6 Months. Linhares D.C., Holtkamp D.J., Arruda A., Morrison B., Silva G., Vilalta C. Description of biosecurity aspects of herds with low or high PRRS incidence and comparison within and between production systems. Swine Health Information Center. $40,619. October 1, 2016. 1 year. Linhares D.C., Johnson C., Holtkamp D.J. Effect of attenuated PRRSv on short term and long term whole herd productivity. American Association of Swine Veterinarians Foundation. $11,824. June 1, 2017, 1 year. Linhares D.C., Zimmerman J.J., Rademacher C., Holtkamp D.J. Herd sensitivity of PRRSvmonitoring schemes on sow herds undergoing virus elimination. Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. $35,000. June 1, 2016, 1 year. Miller C, Yoon KJ. 7/1/15-6/30/17. Development of novel reovirus-based mucosal vaccine vectors for PEDV antigen production. Iowa Pork Producers Association, $25,000 for 1st year. Xu W, Yoon K-J. 7/1/15-12/31/17. Development of T-cell based vaccine against African swine fever virus. Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases, $79,977. Yoon K-J. 9/1/2016-8/30/2018. Investigate the pathogenesis and biology of emerging and reemerging swine viral diseases. USDA ARS Cooperative Agreement, $275,000. Zhang J, Gauger P, and Harmon K. Development and evaluation of a real-time PCR and an insulated isothermal PCR for the detection of Senecavirus A. Swine Health Information Center. $27,333. 2016-2017. Zhang J, Gauger P, Harmon K, Main R, and Wang C. Comparison of PRRSV virus isolation in different cell lines towards improving success of isolating PRRSV from clinical samples. American Association of Swine Veterinarians Foundation. $30,000. 2017-2018. Zhang J, Schumacher L, Chen Q, Gauger P, Giménez-Lirola L, Magstadt D, and Arruda P. Pathogenicity and antibody responses of different U.S. PEDV strains in pigs of different ages. Iowa Pork Producers Association. $108,087. 2017-2018. Zhang J. Charoen Pokphand Foods (CPF) Fellowship. Charoen Pokphand Foods (CPF) Thailand. $165,860. 2016-2020. F. WORK PLANNED FOR NEXT YEAR Refer to funded projects. Objective 1. Control of PRRSV HOLTKAMP: PRRS Outbreak Investigation Program. Continue to develop and pilot the PRRS Outbreak Investigations Program for the Iowa Pork Producers Association. The program is now entering its fourth year. The objective of the PRRS outbreak investigations program for breeding herds is to improve biosecurity and reduce the geographic spread of the virus. The program is 15 being piloted on 30 breeding herds in the Buchanan County, Southeast Iowa and Southwest Iowa regional PRRSV projects in Iowa (USA). Six PRRS outbreak investigations were conducted in 2016 / 2017. The investigations were facilitated by me, with help from Rita Neat, Kimberley Gerardy and Chris Mowrer. In addition, the outbreak investigation forms were previously adapted to conduct a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) outbreak investigations. The forms have also been adapted for seneca virus A (SVA). LINHARES - Disease detection / monitoring: 1. Processing fluids to detect PRRSV/PCV2 at low prevalence in neonates (3-5 days old). a. Using PF to screen farms for PRRSv b. Monitoring herds undergoing elimination (documenting time to test PF-negative) c. Correlating PF results with downstream performance d. Testing conditions (time/temperature before testing, extraction, PCR conditions) 2. Family oral fluids to detect PRRS at low prevalence in due-to-wean (DTW) pigs a. Conditions to improve success rate to obtain fluids b. FOF vs blood 3. Production data for automated, ongoing monitoring of swine herds a. Automated SPC application for breeding herds to detect early signals of significant disease outbreaks b. Automated SPC application for growing pigs 4. Predictors of growing pig performance a. Consolidating source farm data (health and production data), growing pig data (e.g. feed mill, supervisor, stocking density/flow), biosecurity, and demographic data to correlate/predict closeout ADG/mortality 5. Domestic swine disease reporting system a. Dashboard with consolidated/aggregated data from VDLs to report disease over time and space, by age group, specimen, state. b. Veterinary council group 6. Sentinel farm approach for regional surveillance Objective 2. Detection, prevention, and control of emerging viral diseases of swine. HOLTKAMP: Rapid Response Program for Epidemiological Investigations of emerging and transboundary diseases. In August of 2016, the Swine Health and Information Center (SHIC) funded development of a rapid response program for epidemiological investigations of emerging and transboundary swine diseases. A six-member advisory group was formed to provide input regarding the responsibilities of RRC leaders and members, the content and delivery of RRC training, the design of disease investigation forms, and any other matters related to the program. The foundation of the program will be a Rapid Response Corps (RRC) consisting of a nationwide network of veterinary consultants, state animal health officials, epidemiologists and, when appropriate, federal animal health officials. A critical aspect of the program will be the development and use of a standardized approach and methodology for conducting epidemiological investigations. Standard forms and summary reports developed for the PRRS outbreak investigation pilot project funded by the Iowa Pork Producers (IPPA) will be used for training purposes. In the event of an emerging or transboundary disease outbreak, forms and reports will be adapted as necessary. While RRC members will be trained to ask open-ended 16 questions during the investigations, specific closed-ended questions will be embedded in the investigation form to capture a consistent set of information that can be accumulated in a database. The database will serve as a primary source of information to help meet the objectives for a rapid response in the event of a novel emerging or transboundary disease. LINHARES 1. Field investigations of emerging diseases (Porcine Sapelovirus, Porcine Astrovirus type 3, Porcine Teschovirus) 2. Comparison of changes in productivity of herds using killed vs attenuated PRRS vaccine 3. Within and between production system comparison of PRRS impact of breeding herd productivity GAUGER 1. Development of a vaccine challenge model for porcine parainfluenza virus type 1. 1 ANNUAL STATION REPORT: PROJECT NC-229 PERIOD COVERED: November 30 2016 to December 1, 2017 INSTITUTION OR STATION: A. Personnel 1) NC-229 STATION REPRESENTATIVE (name, position, email): Sheela Ramamoorthy Assoc Prof Sheela.ramamoorthy@ndus.edu 2) Other PRINCIPAL LEADERS associated with the projects (name, position, email): N/A B. PROGRESS OF WORK AND PRINCIPAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS: Objective 1. Control of PRRSV Progress on efforts to develop a PRRSV vaccine with enhanced immunogenicity and DIVA capabilities included a) the development of 2 vaccine constructs in which selected structural proteins were re-engineered in the backbone of an infectious clone to test the hypothesis that the mutations would enhance B cell mediated immunity b) expression of a DIVA marker in the modified infectious clone and c) introduction of selected mutations to target suicidal replication of the modified live vaccine to enhance vaccine safety. The vaccine constructs were tested recently in pigs and data is under analysis. Objective 2. Developing effective and efficient approaches for detection, prevention and control of pressing viral diseases of swine of recent emergence 1. Proprietary methods for the development of first generation, rapid-response vaccines for RNA viruses were developed using PEDV as a model. The processes were intended to be a hybrid between inactivated and attenuated vaccines, such that the safety and efficacy advantages respectively, could be combined. The methods developed are also highly relevant to the autogenous vaccine industry where vaccine safety is a large concern. Testing of the vaccine candidate in 3-4 week old pigs elicited strong spike protein specific antibody responses. Vaccinated pigs were completely protected against challenge with the virulent virus, while unvaccinated controls showed clinical signs and viral shedding in feces. The vaccine virus was not detected in fecal matter, prior to challenge; nor did vaccination induce any clinical signs. Hence, the approach for first-response vaccine development was both highly safe and effective. A grant has been submitted to NIFA for funding to test the vaccine in sows and measure lactogenic immunity. 2 2. Methods to improve the delivery and immunogenicity of peptide antigens encoding specific epitopes was developed in collaboration with scientists with expertise in polymeric material science. Three 2009 H1N1 influenza viral epitopes were expressed as a string using a bacterial expression system. The highly hydrophobic peptide did not enter cells when incubated alone on MDCK cells. When conjugated with a proprietary polymer, the antigen was detected intracellularly, with negligible cytotoxicity. Vaccination of pigs with the conjugated peptide vaccine elicited strong anti-peptide antibody responses. Upon challenge with the virulent homologous virus, pigs vaccinated with the conjugated peptide or peptide alone showed enhanced viral replication in day 3 post-challenge, when compared to unvaccinated controls or pigs administered the polymer alone. However, at day 6 post-challenge the trend was rapidly reversed with vaccinated pigs clearing the virus rapidly while unvaccinated pigs showed an increasing viral titer. Hence, the conjugation of the peptide to the polymer was effective in enhancing delivery in vitro and protection in vivo. The mechanisms of protection did not appear to involve neutralizing antibody responses and remain to be elucidated C. IMPACT AND VALUE OF RESEARCH TO STAKEHOLDER 1. One PhD student was trained in vaccine development methods and provided to present his work at a regional conference where he won the second-place award. 2.Methods for the development of rapid-response serological diagnostics were developed for PEDV 3.Methods for rapid-response vaccine development were optimized and tested for PEDV. The rapid-response vaccine was highly safe and effective in 3-4 week old piglets and had broad applicability to other RNA viruses. A patent to cover the technology was filed in Feb 2017. D. PERTINENT (SWINE VIROLOGY) PUBLICATIONS ISSUED OR “IN PRESS” 1) Refereed Publications N/A 2) Abstracts or Proceedings 1.Karsky. J, Singh, P and Ramamoorthy, S. 7th Euro Global Summit on Clinical Microbiology, Quantification of the PEDV virus with a colorimetric assay. Amsterdam, Netherlands (2017). Invited presentation. 2.Gagandeep Singh, Pankaj Singh, Angela Pillatzki, Eric Nelson, Brett Webb, Steven Dillberger-Lawson and Sheela Ramamoorthy. PEDV: A Model for rapid response vaccines. North Dakota Academy of Sciences (2017), Grand Forks, ND. (2nd place award). 3.Singh. G., Zholobko. O., Pillatzki.A., Nelson. E., Webb. B., Voronov. A., and Ramamoorthy. S. Vaccination of Pigs with improved HA and M2e Epitope Based Amphiphilic Invertible Polymeric Peptide Vaccine against Swine Influenza Viruses (SIVs). NDSU-KU Joint Symposium on Biotechnology, Nanomaterials, and Polymers. Fargo, ND (2017). 3 4.Singh. G., Zholobko. O., Pillatzki.A., Nelson. E., Webb. B., Voronov. A., and Ramamoorthy. S. Enhancing Delivery and Immune Response of Peptide Vaccine by Polymer-Peptide Mixed Micellar Assemblies. 2nd International Symposium on Materials from Renewables (ISMR). Athens, GA (2017). 5.Gagandeep Singh, Pankaj Singh, Angela Pillatzki, Eric Nelson, Brett Webb, Steven Dillberger-Lawson and Sheela Ramamoorthy. 95th Annual Meeting of the Council of Research Workers in Animal Diseases Rapid response vaccine against the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Chicago, IL. (2017). 6.Gagandeep Singh, Oksana Zholobko, Angela Pillatzki, Brett Webb, Eric Nelson, Andriy Voronov and Sheela Ramamoorthy. 95th Annual Meeting of the Council of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Improved delivery of a HA and M2e-based peptide vaccine against swine influenza viruses. Chicago, IL. (2017). 7.Pankaj Singh, Gagandeep Singh, Jenna Karsky, Eric Nelson and Sheela Ramamoorthy. 95th Annual Meeting of the Council of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Quantifying porcine epidemic diarrhea virus-specific neutralizing antibodies with a rapid colorimetric assay. Chicago, IL. (2017). 8.Oleksandr Kolyvushko, Gagandeep Singh, Brett Webb, Angela Pillatzki, Diego Diel, Steven Dillberger-Lawson, Eric Nelson and Sheela Ramamoorthy. 95th Annual Meeting of the Council of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Efficacy of a commercial PCV2 vaccine against the contemporary PCV2d strain. Chicago, IL. (2017). 3) Book Chapters or Monographs . Joint research and training initiatives between East African and North American Universities. John Baligwamunsi Kaneene, Margaret Loy Khaitsa, John David Kabasa, Florence Wakoko, William Sischo, Douglas Freeman, Claire Card, Teresa Bergholz, Sheela Ramamoorthy, Ayele Teshome, Jesca Nakavuma, Samuel Majalija, Stevens Kisaka, Paul Ssajjakambwe, Sam Okech, Micheal Muleme, Sylvia Angubua Baluka, Herbert Kazoora, Patrick Vudriko Pan Afr Med J. 2017; 27(Suppl 4): 4, 24 August 2017 D. FUNDING SOURCES 1. Porcine Model for Torque Teno Virus Infections – NIH R21. Impact Score – 19. Funding release awaited 2. First response vaccines for emergency preparedness – USDA NIFA. Pending. E. WORK PLANNED FOR NEXT YEAR: 4 1. The current efforts to develop improved PCV2 and PRRSV vaccine with DIVA capabilities will be completed. 2. Rapid response vaccine for swine influenza viruses and testing of the developed rapidresponse PEDV vaccines in sows will be targeted. 3. A porcine coinfection model of TTV and SIV coinfections will be developed to determine if and how TTV infections shift the immune response profile in influenza infections. 1 ANNUAL STATION REPORT: PROJECT NC-229 PERIOD COVERED: November 30 2016 to December 1, 2017 INSTITUTION OR STATION: University of Nebraska Lincoln A. Personnel 1) NC-229 STATION REPRESENTATIVE: Fernando A. Osorio Professor, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences and Nebraska Center for Virology fosorio@unl.edu 2) Other PRINCIPAL LEADERS associated with the project: Asit K. Pattnaik Professor, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences and Nebraska Center for Virology apattnaik2@unl.edu J. Dustin Loy Assistant Professor, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences jdloy@unl.edu Hiep Vu Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Sciences hiepvu@unl.edu Daniel Ciobanu Associate Professor, Department of Animal Sciences dciobanu@unl.edu B. PROGRESS OF WORK AND PRINCIPAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS: Objective 1. Control of PRRSV Studies on protective PRRSV immunity: role of innate immunity induction in an effective acquired immunity; strategies of broadening protective efficacy of live vaccines Objective 2. Developing effective and efficient approaches for detection, prevention and control of pressing viral diseases of swine of recent emergence 2 Studies on biosecure inactivation of PEDV in carcasses and in manure C. IMPACT AND VALUE OF RESEARCH TO STAKEHOLDER PRRSV: Effective technology transfer of new synthetic live vaccine technology to industry through siagnture of multi-year contract with a vaccine company based in the US PEDV: Evidence that composting represents an effective and biosecure approach to inactivate PEDV in porcine carcasses, providing a method to reduce transmission and control virus spread on farms. Treatment of PEDV infected manure with alkaline lime slurry was shown to inactivate PEDV using a bioassay, thus providing an intervention for producers and manure handlers to minimize risk of PEDV transmission during manure handling. D. PERTINENT (SWINE VIROLOGY) PUBLICATIONS ISSUED OR “IN PRESS” 1) Refereed Publications Stevens E.E., Miller D., Brittenham B.A., Vitosh-Sillman S.J., Brodersen B.W., Jin V.L., Loy J.D., and Schmidt A.M. Alkaline stabilization of manure slurry inactivates porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Journal of Swine Health and Production. Accepted/In Press Vitosh-Sillman S., Loy J. D., Brodersen B.W, Kelling C.K., Eskridge K, and Millmier Schmidt A. Effectiveness of composting as a biosecure mortality disposal method for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)-infected pig carcasses. (2017) Porcine Health Management. Vol 3 (22) DOI: 10.1186/s40813-017-0068-z Vitosh-Sillman S. Loy J. D., Brodersen B.W., Doster A.R., Kelling C., Topliff C., Nelson E., Bai J., Schirtzinger E., Poulsen E., Meadors B., Anderson J., Hause B., Anderson G., and Hesse, R. (2016) Experimental infection of conventional nursing pigs and their dams with porcine deltacoronavirus. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. Vol 28 (5) 486-497* DOI: 10.1177/1040638716654200 Sun H, Workman A, Osorio FA, Steffen D, Vu HLX. Development of a broadly protective modified-live virus vaccine candidate against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vaccine. 2018 Jan 2;36(1):66-73. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.11.028. Epub 2017 Nov 22. PubMed PMID: 29174314. Kimpston-Burkgren K, Correas I, Osorio FA, Steffen D, Pattnaik AK, Fang Y, Vu HLX. Relative contribution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus open reading frames 2-4 to the induction of protective immunity. Vaccine. 2017 Aug 3;35(34):4408-4413. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.06.061. Epub 2017 Jul 6. PubMed PMID: 28689650. Correas I, Osorio FA, Steffen D, Pattnaik AK, Vu HLX. Cross reactivity of immune responses to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. Vaccine. 2017 Feb 1;35(5):782-788. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.12.040. 3 Epub 2017 Jan 3. PubMed PMID: 28062126. Sun H, Pattnaik AK, Osorio FA, Vu HLX. Identification of viral genes associated with the interferon-inducing phenotype of a synthetic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain. Virology. 2016 Dec;499:313-321. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.09.018. Epub 2016 Oct 11. PubMed PMID: 27736706. Vu HLX, Pattnaik AK, Osorio FA. Strategies to broaden the cross-protective efficacy of vaccines against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Microbiol. 2017 Jul;206:29-34. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.09.014. Epub 2016 Sep 21. PubMed PMID: 27692670. D. FUNDING SOURCES On-farm Remediation and Prevention of Swine Enteric Diseases. USDA-AFRI, Foundational Program, 2016-68008- 25043 Pathogenesis Studies with Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV): Generation and Characterization of Infectious Clone-Derived Viruses", Pattnaik, A. (Principal Investigator), Loy, J. (Investigator), Investigation of host genetic role in porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) susceptibility USDA-AFRI, Foundational Program, PD: Daniel Ciobanu, Co-PD: Hiep Vu Amount : $ 459,200 2017-2019 Determine the correlates of cross-protective immunity to PRRSV USDA NIFA Grant No. 2016-67015-24922 PD: Vu, Hiep Co-PD: Osorio, F Amount: $477,635 2016-2019 E. WORK PLANNED FOR NEXT YEAR Work continues on developing proteomics based approaches to enteric coronavirus characterization and differentiation using mass spectrum biomarker based approach. Work continues on experimental vaccinology: broadening protection for live vaccines against PRRSV and centralized antigenic subunit immunization against swine influenza Use of PRRSV model to investigate host genetics Developmental research on PEDV reverse genetics 1 ANNUAL STATION REPORT: PROJECT NC-229 PERIOD COVERED: November 30 2016 to December 1, 2017 INSTITUTION OR STATION: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010 A. Personnel 1) NC-229 STATION REPRESENTATIVE: Faaberg, Kay; Research Microbiologist, NADC; kay.faaberg@ars.usda.gov 2) Other PRINCIPAL LEADERS associated with the projects (name, position, email): Abente, Eugenio; Research Microbiologist, NADC; eugenio.abente@ars.usda.gov Brockmeier, Susan; Veterinary Medical Officer, NADC; susan.brockmeier@ars.usda.gov Lager, Kelly; Veterinary Medical Officer, NADC; kelly.lager@ars.usda.gov Miller, Laura; Research Microbiologist, NADC; laura.miller@ars.usda.gov Nicholson, Tracy; Research Microbiologist, NADC; tracy.nicholson@ars.usda.gov Vincent, Amy; Veterinary Medical Officer, NADC; amy.vincent@ars.usda.gov B. PROGRESS OF WORK AND PRINCIPAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS: Objective 1. Control of PRRSV o Miller: applied RNA analyses on infected and control monocyte-derived cells. Such research uncovered networks of predicted protein-protein interactions and biological processes related to both low virulence and highly pathogenic PRRSV infection. The analysis revealed the ability of PRRSV to affect cell activation. Genes showing variability in expression were related to cellular structure and inflammatory immune responses. These results supply novel insight into the interplay of PRRSV pathogenicity and immune system evasion. o Miller: to identify mechanisms that modulate innate and adaptive immune responses to swine viral pathogens, conducted genome-wide RNA profiling of signature genes in activated porcine monocytic innate immune cells. From this research, the diverse antiviral properties that interferon and interferon-stimulated gene families have on swine viral pathogens were determined. The data revealed different expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, receptors, interferon-regulatory factors and interferon-stimulated gene families in PRRSV-infected macrophages setting the stage for development of novel therapies and vaccine strategies. o Miller: expression analysis of the type and quantity of small non-coding RNAs was completed comparing healthy and PRRSV-infected pigs to elucidate when the largest change in gene expression occurs, and if all categories of small non-coding RNAs are 2 affected. Transfer RNA fragments experienced a lower reduction in number than the microRNAs and appear to be more stable across time points than microRNA or other noncoding RNAs. This information helps in understanding how gene function in the pig can<b

Publications

Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 03/20/1970

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 12/02/2018 - 12/02/2018
Period the Report Covers: 12/02/2017 - 12/01/2018

Participants

Stations Represented:

South Dakota State U. (SDSU)
University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL)
Kansas State University (KSU)
Ohio State University (OSU)
National Animal Disease Center (NADC)
USDA,CSREES
USDA-ARS, BARC
VPI (Virginia Tech)
University of Minnesota (UMN)
Purdue University
North Dakota - North Dakota St Univ (ND)
University of Maryland
Iowa State University (ISU)
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC)

Participants Attachment:

NC229-2018-meeting.docx

Brief Summary of Minutes

Brief summary of NC229 annual meeting :

The annual meeting for NC229, “Detection and Control of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus and Emerging Viral Diseases of Swine” took place on December 2, 2018 at Chicago, Il - Downtown Marriott on the Magnificent Mile. Meeting attendance exceeded 150 persons and participating stations are listed above. The meeting agenda is outlined in Table 1. Business meeting discussion topics are described below.

Drs Ramamoorthy (NDSU) and Fang (KSU) and the program scientific committee were recognized for their outstanding efforts in organizing the scientific program.

The NC229 program project renewal was presented by Dr. Osorio and program details briefly discussed by participants. There was strong support for the project renewal document and Dr. Osorio and his writing team were commended for their efforts in drafting a quality proposal.

Peter Johnson discussed USDA/NIFA programs in 2018 and provided some thoughts on what funding opportunities to expect in 2019. Opportunities for CAP-type awards and the possibility of NC229 participation were discussed at the meeting and subsequently by participating stations.

Planning and scheduling future NC229 annual meetings were discussed. The association of the NC229 meeting with the NA-PRRS Symposium this year proved highly successful. During discussion it was suggested that efforts to coordinate the NA/PRRS meeting with the NC229 meeting are in the best interest of our common scientific community. We have a common goal: to provide our research community with an annual scientific meeting defined by excellence. This type of meeting format would return NC229 to the highly successful meeting structure pioneered by Dr. Rowland (KSU) some years ago; a solid one-day meeting that provides quality information and high – impact science for our research community -“Back to the future”. Drs. Ramamoorthy (NDSU) and Fang (KSU) will lead meeting planning for 2019.

Meeting adjourned at 4:45 PM.

Accomplishments

Accomplishments of NC-229 multistate research activities over the past five years are detailed in the NC-229 renewal project proposal.

Publications

Publications/funding sources for 2018 and over the past five years are detailed in the NC-229 renewal project proposal.

Impact Statements

Impacts for NC-229 multistate research activities over the past five years are detailed in the NC-229 renewal project proposal. A more detailed description of specific projects conducted by participating stations can be obtained from individual station reports.