Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

SHORT TERM OUTCOMES:

CA: Screened walnut breeding populations concomitantly for three soil-borne pathogens: crown gall, Phytophthora root and crown rot and root lesion nematode resulted in the discovery of two genotypes with reduced susceptibility to all three pathogens, and several more with reduced susceptibility to two of the diseases which can be used to develop resistant varieties in the future.

FL:  Identified that grass root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne graminis) exposed to multiple applications of the SDHI nematicide fluopyram in the field were less sensitive to the active ingredient in vitro, suggesting resistance to the nematicide. This highlights the importance of rotation of nematicides to avoid nematicide resistance in turf.

FL:  Field research results indicate that combining two bionematicides, Zelto and Crescendo, provides turf protection from the grass root-knot nematode and gives a nematicide rotation option on turf.

FL:  Field and greenhouse trial results indicate that the new SDHI nematicide cyclobutrifluram is effective against two of the most damaging turfgrass-parasitic nematodes, grass root-knot and lance (Hoplolaimus galeatus) nematodes.  This is especially important since none of the currently labeled turfgrass nematicides are effective against lance nematode.

FL:  Greenhouse trial results revealed that the newly-described foliar nematode Aphelenchoides pseudobesseyi, infects and causes yield reduction in strawberry, but that it’s feeding habit and symptoms differ from those of the known strawberry-infecting Aphelenchoides besseyi.

FL:  Several new nematode-plant interactions were reported, including the commonly-occurring southern root-knot nematode M. incognita infecting and damaging Mitragyna speciosa, a new crop in Florida. 

FL:  We made the first detection of the sting nematode Belonolaimus longicaudatus in Indiana, where it was damaging soybean in a commercial field.  This expands the known range of this very damaging nematode.

HI: Experiments utilizing 1) ground papaya seeds or sorghum-sudangrass hybrids cover crop residues as soil amendment as biofumigants against plant-parasitic nematodes and Fusarium oxysporum. This information can be used to replace conventional fumigants to manage soil-borne pathogens without harmful effects on soil health. 2) long-term perennial cover crops such as white clover as living mulch or resilience cover crop residues such as sorghum as surface organic mulch for soil health management.

MI:  In the ANL, we have used the nematode community analysis-based a) soil food web (SFW) model to establish links between soil health conditions and nematode parasitic variability, and b) integrated productivity efficiency (IPE) model to identify soil health outcomes as i) sustainable, ii) unsustainable and iii) what additional measures are needed to get to sustainable outcomes, and iv) link nematode numbers to a specific soil health value.

MI: A cover crop research site comparing six systems, the system using pearl millet and oil seed radish had the highest mechanically-harvested cherry yield and the legume-based system the lowest yield.  Cherry trees planted with starter compost in the planting hole had higher mechanically-harvested cherry yields than those without compost in the tree planting hole. After the third growing season, cherry tree trunk diameters following soil fumigation were greater than those mulched with straw or treated with a non-fumigant nematicide.

MI: Use of PI 437654 soybeans as a trap crop for soybean cyst nematode in four locations where the SCN population density was less than 100 eggs per 100 cm³ soil did not result in increased soybean yield; whereas, use of PI 437654 as a trap crop in two sites with population densities greater than 1,000 eggs per 100 cm³ soil  

MI: In a soil health survey of ninety-six Michigan commercial potato sites, soil fumigation the fall before potato planting was associated with low population densities of Pratylenchus penetrans, soil water stable aggregates, active carbon and nitrogen mineralization potential, compared to non-fumigated sites.

MI: In a comparative soil health survey of seventy-two geo-referenced Michigan commercial sites, population densities of Pratylenchus penetrans were significantly lower in 2022, compared to 2012.  The mean total soil health for these sites, however, was lower in 2022 than in 2012.  

NY:  A heat treatment protocol suited for small-scale farm operations was developed for disinfestation of garlic seed cloves of bloat nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci).  The heat treatment had no deleterious effects on seedling emergence or plant growth and yield and was able to reduce, but not eradicate nematode within seed cloves (NY).

TN:  Thirty-five Cannabis sativa cultivars exhibited wide variation in their suitability as hosts of Meloidogyne incognita, from nearly immune to heavily galled. Fiber types in general supported more reproduction than CBD types, but in both cases the most susceptible cultivars had a reproductive value (Rf) of more than 30.

TN:  Aphelenchoides specimens collected from leaf lesions on ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) were compared to all morphologically and morphometrically to the published descriptions of known species. The ginseng nematodes appear to be similar to A. myceliophagus but not to the five previously described species on ginseng, all from Asia

TN:  Knowing the battle faced with SCN in Tennessee, an earlier burndown timing prior to soybean planting is recommended to reduce SCN populations densities and give adequate soybean yield. Late burndown increased SCN reproduction factor compared to early burndown. Additionally, late burndown increased reproduction factor of fungivores and bacterivores. Lance nematode reproduction factor was greatest in plots with Brassica. The results from this trial will help growers make management decisions, and this experiment serves as a good example of what can be done in other cropping systems such as corn and cotton in relation to cover crops and soil faunal communities.

RI: Trials were undertaken to determine the efficacy of fluazaindolizine against Hoplolaimus galeatus on cool-season putting greens over multiple years in similar locations, as a new method for controlling these nematodes in challenging situations.

VT: Generated research priorities for soil health research geared toward small and medium sized farms.

WV:  A lab study of soil microcosms with versus without Aphelencus avenae demonstrated that this fungivore nematode drives microbial diversity and carbon cycling in soil. Respiration was higher in microcosms with avenae, while Carbon Use Efficiency was slightly lower.  Bacterial and fungal communities were altered by presence of A. avenae. Fungal-to-bacterial biomass ratio decreased ~ 10 % and both fungal and bacterial species richness declined with A. avenae.

WV:  Sheep infected with the animal parasitic nematode, Haemonchus contortus, gained more weight and fewer animals required de-worming when grazed on pastures with birdsfoot trefoil than on pastures with orchard grass and red clover. While birdsfoot trefoil is more difficult to establish in pastures, it can provide significant benefits to organic growers or conventional sheep producers who need to manage resistance to deworming medications.

OUTPUTS:

CA: Wrote three secondary press articles on nematode management. Participated in writing a Best Management Practice guide for cover crops in almond production. Gave seven presentations on nematode management to various interest groups.

FL:  Produced 4 Refereed journal publications, 2 New extension fact sheets, 2 International webinars, 1 Two-week international workshop, 6 Presentations at scientific meetings, 7 Presentations at stakeholder education meetings, 1 Field day and processed 4899 Diagnostic samples

HI:  One book chapter, 8 peer reviewed refereed / journal articles, 4 extension articles, 4 invited presentations, 4 guest lectures to new farmers, 5 conference presentations, 1 public media interview, 8 field days/workshops presentations or displays; and secure 2 extramural grants.

MI: Published 8 peer-reviewed papers, 1 book chapter, 2 abstracts, 2 posters, 12 outreach publications  and conducted 2 invited workshops promoting the nematode community analysis-based SFW, fertilizer use efficiency (FUE), and IPE models.  20 additional extension meetings were given and 2500 stakeholders were directly reached.  6 graduate students were being trained.

NY: Determined that stubby root nematode (Paratrichodorus spp.), were associated with patches of stunting of onion on four commercial farms in Oswego County, NY.  Contributed to Webinar, Garlic school: March 2022, hosted by Cornell Cooperative Extension - Eastern NY Commercial Horticulture (NY). https://youtu.be/QSdYYMQO2PI

TN: Produced 2 peer-review articles, 2 abstracts, 4 presentations and one podcast:  Shaping Fire with host Shango Los (shango@shapingfire.com), July 7, 2022: ''Nematodes: Just Don't Call Them Worms.'' 1hr 40min.

TN:  4 refereed articles (referenced below), 1 extension publication (referenced below), 8 abstracts (Society of Nematologists, Beltwide Cotton Conferences, Southern Soybean Disease Workers, International Congress of Nematology, National Soybean Nematode Conference, and American Phytopathological Society), 8 presentations (Purdue University, University of Tennessee-Martin, American Phytopathological Society Graduate Student Committee, Gulf Coast Postdoc and Student Association, Society of Nematologists, International Congress of Nematology, and University of Tennessee), 2 field days (University of Tennessee’s Summer Celebration, No-Till Field Day in Milan, TN), and 762 diagnostic samples evaluated for free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes

RI:  Wrote one chapter (in press), gave 7 presentations to golf course superintendents and process approximately 500 nematode diagnostic samples.

VT:  Neher, D.A. Historical perspective on nematodes as indicators. Invited session organizer and speaker, International Congress of Nematology, Antibes Juan-Les-Pins, France, 1-6 May 2022.

ACTIVITIES:

Objective 1: Develop and integrate management tactics for control of plant-parasitic nematodes including biological, cultural (such as rotation or cover crops and plant resistance), and chemical controls.

CA: Initiated a series of in-orchard cover crop trials with preselected cover crop species with nematode resistance to plant-parasitic nematodes in nut crops.Simplified application procedures for Dominus, a biofumigant for nematode management. Simplified application protocols for anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD). 

FL: We conducted 13 field trials evaluating potential nematicides on turf or ornamentals. We conducted 14 greenhouse trials evaluating potential nematicides on turf or ornamentals. We conducted 15 greenhouse trials evaluating nematicide seed treatments

HI:  We conducted multiple greenhouse pot trials and field trials in Hawaii to examine 1) the biofumigation potential of ground papaya seeds in suppressing root-knot nematodes and Fusarium oxysporum infection on mustard green; 2) biofumigation potential of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids as cover crop against reniform nematode infection on eggplants.

MI: The SFW, FUE, and IPE models are important decision-making tools in translating basic and complex information into practical application.  We have developed an IPE model that a) expands the weighted abundance of functional guilds (WAFG) of the SFW, and integrates b) soil health indicator (SHI) and c) the concepts of the FUE model to identify sustainability of soil health outcomes as: i) sustainable if SHI and WAFG increase (best case), ii) unsustainable if SHI and WAFG decrease (worst case) and iii) need additional measures to increase either SHI or WAFG to get to a sustainable outcome (Habteweld et al., 2022).

MI: Completed five of six Michigan on-farm trials to evaluate the potential of PI 437654 as a trap crop for soybean cyst nematode.

MI:We have obtained 100 grants to address this objective.  We have conducted multiple trials on management of nematodes in field, vegetable, fruit, and ornamental crops. 

NY:  Three trials were undertaken to investigate efficacy of two heat treatment protocols for disinfestation of garlic seed for control of bloat nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci) with the addition of OMRI listed chemicals including bleach, JetAg, Majestene and Trilogy (NY)  Pot trials (4) were undertaken in association with a local company to determine the mode of action and efficacy of a biological control product against Meloiodogyne hapla on tomato (NY).

TN:  A series of greenhouse experiments were continued in which the southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita were tested for their ability to parasitize Cannabis sativa cultivars. Replicates for each cultivar were rooted cuttings from an individual mother plant. Host suitability was measured at about 60 days after soil infestation by means of a gall index and eggs per root system. A measure called Rmax (highest egg production on a within-cultivar replicate) was used to rank cultivars from highly susceptible to nearly immune.

TN:  Two field trials were established in May 2022 to investigate mixing different ratios of soybean cyst nematode-resistant varieties in conjunction with a cover crop and no-tillage and its effects on nematode community structure. A field trial was established in October 2021 to determine plant-parasitic and free-living nematode population densities in response to cover crop, burn down timing, and seed treatments.

TN: Current soybean breeding efforts yield mostly susceptible reactions to SCN, and focus needs to be shifted to breeding better SCN resistance for mid-South maturity groups (i.e., IV and V). The continued search for new sources of SCN resistance remains crucial in fighting this pathogen.

WV: The WVU Long-Term Organic Crop/Livestock Farming Systems Trial was continued in 2022. While yield and soil fertility differ significantly in response to compost amendment and livestock rotation, population densities of plant-parasitic nematodes remained low. A new project evaluates nutritional quality of wheat in response to soil management in this trial.  Earthworm population density increased in plots receiving compost amendment, but preliminary data indicate the mycorrhizal colonization of roots was lower with compost than in unamended soil.  Data on the content of the nutraceutical amino acid ergothioneine in wheat will be available next year.

WV: A new project is being initiated to compare various forms of manure amendment.  Plots with corn, wheat and soybean will be amended with dairy manure that is dry-stacked, composted, or applied as liquid manure.

Objective 2: Determine the ecological interactions between nematode populations, nematode communities, ecosystems and soil health.

CA: The cover crop studies aim at soil health parameters (water infiltration) and nematode suppression.

HI:  We successfully developed a companion cover cropping method (mix of white clover, black oat and buckwheat) as a long-term living mulch that led to instant improvement in soil health, water infiltration and soil moisture retention within one cropping cycle. We also verified that cover cropping of sorghum followed by strip-till can improve soil health, water infiltration and soil moisture retention better than a no-till system.

MI:  The SFW model uses changes in beneficial nematode functional guilds abundance relative to food and reproduction and resistance to disturbance to describe the soil conditions of a given environment or in response to agricultural practice treatments. We isolated 3 NRKN populations from mineral and 6 from muck soils with conditions described as and/or degraded by the SFW model and tested them for PV. We tested 2 populations (8 and 13) from degraded and Population 2 from disturbed mineral soil and 3 populations each from disturbed (4, 6 and 10) and degraded (5, 14 and 16) muck soil and revealed highest (Population13), medium (Population 8) and lowest (Populations 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 14 and 15) PV (Lartey et al., 2022). In addition to expanding our understanding of why NRKN PV is higher in mineral than in muck soils, these results show that a) there is specificity within a category of soil health degradation and b) provide a foundation for formulating hypotheses that test deeper levels of interactions between nematode PV and the biophysicochemical environment.

MI: Conducted a 2022 soil health survey of 72 Michigan potato sites based on the geo-reference positions used in a 2012 potato soil health survey.   Obtained soil health thermal stability data from seventeen Michigan potato fields for use as a new soil health indicator.            

TN:  The primary goal of this study was to examine the effect of increasing levels of physical disturbance on nematode communities in an undisturbed forest ecosystem. The experiment included four treatments: control with no disturbance, surface litter removed with no litter and no vegetation, tilling the soil with a rototiller every 2 mon, and every 2 wk. Tillage significantly reduced the overall abundance and overall richness of nematode communities over time. Nematodes of higher c-p classes such as Dorylaimida, Aporcelaimellus, Alaimus, Clarkus, and Tripyla were sensitive to physical disturbances. Bacterial feeders belonging to the c-p 2 class such as Tylocephalus, Acrobeles, Ceratoplectus, Plectus, and Pseudacrobeles were significantly reduced by tillage. Tillage significantly reduced the functional metabolic footprint of nematodes, indicating decreased metabolic activity, reduced C inflow, and poorly structured soil food webs.

TN: A collaborative field trial continued in 2022 with five soil sampling dates to investigate free-living nematodes surrounding the roots and rhizosphere of charcoal-rot susceptible and resistant soybean varieties. The forementioned cover crop, burndown timing, and seed treatment trial also has the objectives of determining potential benefits/disadvantages of using cover crops in relation to plant-parasitic nematodes and soil faunal communities in soybean production systems.

WV:   Activity of nematode trapping fungi is being compared among diverse peach orchard soils.  Surveys of 14 orchards detected very low rates of nematode trapping fungi.   A related project demonstrated that fungivore nematodes drive microbial diversity and carbon cycling in soil.  Adding Aphelenchus avenae to de-faunated soil microcosms produced higher soil respiration and decreased the fungal-to-bacterial biomass ratio.  Another new project will compare nematode communities in pastures with high versus low plant species diversity.

Objective 3: Detect and evaluate the distribution and movement of invasive and emerging nematode pests.

CA: Pilot studies with the newly discovered Meloidogyne floridensis were conducted under quarantine conditions.

FL:  We made the first detection of sting nematode in Indiana where it was causing damage in a commercial soybean farm.

TN:  An Aphelenchoides species on ginseng in central Tennessee was determined to likely be an undescribed species. Personnel at Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) were engaged to examine the ginseng patches in the park for leaf spots and lesions.Ginseng sites in GRSM are kept secret from the public to reduce plant poaching. Lesions found on ginseng leaves in the Park were not typical of the original collections and did not contain nematodes.

TN: Numerous diagnostic samples were evaluated for plant-parasitic nematodes. Meloidogyne javanica was identified infecting soybean in Marion County, TN and verified using molecular diagnostics from the University of Florida Nematode Assay Lab. Additionally, Rotylenchulus reniformis was identified in Madison County, TN infecting cotton. Numerous SCN, lance, lesion, and stunt nematodes were recovered from west TN soybean fields.

RI/CT: Detection of Litylenchus crenatae on beech trees throughout New England continues and field trials in RI and CT are in their second year of experiments.  To this point, only fluopyram applied foliarly appears to significantly reduce populations.  However, when trees are defoliated in the spring, new flushes of leaf grow are uninfected which suggests larger trees may be able to sustain damage and replace damage leaves through axillary buds in the short term.

RI:  Paratrophorus spp. were identified as the primary pathogenic nematode species from a number of golf course putting greens in the Northeast.  Although not considered a significant pathogen of turf, it appears that regular applications of various nematicides have resulted in ecological soil shifts that have allowed Paratrophorus to thrive while other genera have declined.  Survey work into this possible shift continues. 

WV: Monitoring and experiments are underway to determine the role of avian dispersal of the Beech Leaf Disease pathogen, Litylenchus crenatae mccannii.  The project is sampling fecal material and external parasites for L c. mccannii, and positive detections for the nematode in inoculated chicken feces were obtained using PCR.

Objective 4:  Outreach, Public Relations and Extension - Compile and present/ publish guidance on nematode management and management effects on soil health for different crops under different conditions

FL:  The University of Florida Nematode Assay Lab diagnosed 4899 nematode samples submitted to the lab.  We published two new extension fact sheets, one on the Pacific shoot-gall nematode and one on ring nematodes. Dr. Crow provided education on nematode management at 7 turfgrass managers events.

HI:  We were invited to present cover cropping and soil health management strategies to 4 cohort of new farmers through GoFarm Hawaii New farmers training program, 1 cohort of new farmers through Oahu RC&D Farmer Soil Health Training in Kauai, and 2 sessions of NRCS staff meetings in the Pacific Island Area. We also organized or co-organized 8 field days related to cover crop and soil health management that reached out to 222 participants in field days, and published extension articles at Haina’Ai with >1000 subscribers.

MI: We conducted 2 invited workshops promoting the SFW, FUE, and IPE models at national and international conferences (Melakeberhan and Habteweld, 2022a and b).  

MI:  Edited the monthly SCN Coalition Newsletter.  

MI:  In 2022 the Quintanilla nematology program at MSU has contributed peer-reviewed publications (5), extension publications (4), conference presentations, extension presentations (20 with 1500 attendees), news articles (5) among many other contributions.  Finally, my program has had a state, national, and international impact.  Currently I am the Global Nematode Expert for a USAID project in Africa and Asia. 

TN:  A podcast was presented on the ecology of nematodes and their uses as biocontrols in container-grown Cannabis sativa.

TN:  Published “Soybean cyst nematode of soybean: a diagnostic guide” in Plant Health Progress. Also published an extension publication “Soybean variety tests in Tennessee” through the University of Tennessee Extension. Gave two extension demonstrations: “Soybean Cyst Nematode” at the West Tennessee Research and Education Center’s Summer Celebration and “Using Resistance to Manage Soybean Cyst Nematode” at the Milan No-Till Field Day during summer 2022. The latter included a recorded seminar that was distributed to the public.

VT: Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast, Interview by Craig Macmillan, 27 June and 11 July 2022, https://www.vineyardteam.org/podcast/

151: The Role of the Soil Microbiome in Soil Health (live on 6 October 2022)

153: The Role of Nematodes in Soil Health (live 20 October 2022)

MILESTONES 

HI: Initiate or continue long-term experiments to examine new soil amendment materials and techniques against Meloidogyne spp. in vegetables, and other nematodes in grain crops. Evaluate the effects of identified non-host or nematode-suppressive rotational crops against different nematodes in multiple states under field conditions.

MI: Publishing the IPE model, which is the first and the only one of its kind to link nematode numbers to a specific soil health value.  Continued long-term experiments to examine new soil amendment materials and techniques against Pratylenchus penetrans in Michigan cherry systems. Evaluated the effects of identified non-host or nematode-suppressive rotational crops against different nematodes in multiple states under field conditions. Served on the Organizing Committee for the 2022 National Soybean Nematode Conference.

NY:  Assess the efficacy of at least five chemical or physical treatments for eradicating bloat nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci) from garlic seed cloves. Communicate management strategies for bloat nematode to at least 50 garlic growers in New York.

TN: Test 10 hemp cultivars for relative susceptibility to M. incognita. Additional cultivars will be tested in 2023 and 2024.

Multiple States: Conduct grower education, annual short courses, webinars, field day

Multiple States: Evaluate new nematicidal products for efficacy in turfgrass, perennial and field crops

Multiple States: Begin germplasm resistance screening in multiple crops

Multiple States: Begin/continue long-term experiments to examine non-target effects of nematode treatments on soil biology

Multiple States:  Begin screening for new and emerging nematode pathogens

Multiple States: Maintain nematode diagnostic services for growers and extension specialists.

Bernard, E. C., A. G. Chaffin, and K. D. Gwinn.  2022.  Review of nematode interactions with hemp (Cannabis sativa).  Journal of Nematology 54: e2022-2. https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2022-002 

Bird, G. an N. Rothwell. 2022.  Impact of cover crops, compost and mulch on cherry tree development and yield.   ACTA HORT. 1346. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2022.1346.52. 

Bonkowski, J., Crow, W. T., and Habteweld, A. 2022. First report of Belonolaimus longicaudatus infecting soybean in Indiana.  Journal of Nematology 54:e0034.

Budhathoki, S., B. Sipes, I. Shikano, R. Myers and K.-H. Wang. 2022. Integrating trap cropping and entomopathogenic nematode foliar sprays to manage diamondback moth and imported cabbage worm. Horticulturae, 8(11): 1073 (https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8111073).

Choi, C. J., Valiente, J., Schiavon, M., Dhillon, B., Crow, W. T., and Stingl U.  2022.  Bermudagrass cultivars with different tolerance to nematode damage are characterized by distinct fungal but similar bacterial and archaeal microbiomes.  Microorganisms 10:e457.

Darling, E., Núñez-Rodríguez, L., Chung, H., Zasada, I., Quintanilla-Tornel, M. 2022. The hop cyst nematode, Heterodera humuli: history, distribution, and impact on global hop production. APS Phytopathology. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-22-0121-RVW.

Espinoza-Lozano, L., Joseph, S., Crow, W. T., Noling, J., and Mekete T.  2022.  Meloidogyne haplanaria: An emerging threat to tomato production in Florida. Journal of Nematology 54:e0032.

Habteweld, A., Davidson, W., Desaeger, J., and Crow, W. T.  2022.  First report of Meloidogyne incognita infecting Mitragyna speciosa in the United States.  Journal of Nematology 54:e0021.

Habteweld, A., A. N. Kravchenko, P. S. Parwinder, and H. Melakeberhan (2022). A nematode community-based integrated productivity efficiency (IPE) model that identifies sustainable soil health outcomes: A case of compost application in carrot production. Soil Systems 6, 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6020035.

Honsberger, D., J. Matsunaga, K.-H. Wang, and I. Shikano. 2022. Oomyzus sokolowskii (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) joins the small complex of parasitoids known to attack the diamondback moth on Kauai. Hawaiian Entomological Society 54: (http://hdl.handle.net/10125/81469).

Howland, A., Cole, E., Poley, K., and Quintanilla, M.  2022.  Alternative management strategies and impact of the northern root-knot nematode in daylily production.  Plant Health Progress. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-08-22-0076-RS.

Kane, J., J. Kotcon, Z. Freedman, and E. Morrissey.  2022.  Fungivorous nematodes drive microbial diversity and carbon cycling in soil.  Ecology. http://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3844

Kinnebrew, E., Neher, D.A., Ricketts, T.H., Wallin, K.F., Darby, H., Ziegler, S.E., Alger, S.A., and Galford, G.L. Cultivated milkweed hosts high diversity of surface-active and soil-dwelling arthropods in a New England case study. 2022. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 325: 107749. doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2021.107749

Lartey, I., A. Kravchenko, G. Bonito, and H. Melakeberhan (2022). Parasitic variability of Meloidogyne hapla relative to soil groups and soil health conditions. Nematology 24: DOI 10.1163/15685411-bja10185.

Limoges, M.A., Neher, D.A., Weicht, T.R., Millner, P. D., Sharma, M., and Donnelly, C. 2021. Differential survival of generic coli and Listeria spp. in northeastern U.S. soils amended with dairy manure compost, poultry litter compost, and heat-treated poultry pellets and fate in raw edible radish crops. Journal of Food Protection doi.org/10.4315/JFP-21-261 PMID: 34855938.

Mahecha-Garnica, S., W. Ye, A. Schumacher, and A. Gorny. 2022. Soybean cyst nematode of soybean: a diagnostic guide. Plant Health Progress. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-11-21-0138-DG.

Marquez, J., R. Paudel, B. S. Sipes, and Koon-Hui Wang. 2022. Successional effects of no-till cover cropping with black oat (Avena olariza) vs. soil solarization on soil health in a tropical Oxisol. Horticulturae 8: 527 (https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8060527).

Mengistu, A., H.M. Kelly, Q.D. Read, J.D. Ray, N. Bellaloui, and A. Schumacher. 2022 (accepted 9/1/2022). Charcoal rot severity and soybean yield responses to plantingdate, irrigation, and genotypes. Plant Disease.

Neher, D.A., Harris, J.M., Horner, C.E., Scarborough, M.J., Badireddy, A.R., Faulkner, J.W., White, A.C., Darby, H., Farley, J.C., and Bishop-von Wettberg, E.J. 2022. Resilient soils for resilient farms: An integrative approach to assess, promote and value soil health for small- and medium-size farms. Phytobiomesorg/10.1094/PBIOMES-10-21-0060-P

Neher, D., Horner, K., von Wettberg, E.B., Scarborough, M., Harris, J., Darby, H.M., Badireddy, A.R., Roy, E.D., Farley, J.C., Faulkner, J. and White, A. (2021) Resilient soils for resilient farms: an integrative approach to assess, promote and value soil health for small- and medium-size farms. USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Center. 7. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/arsfoodsystems/7

Oliveira, C.J., A. Schumacher, N.A. Peres, J.A. Brito, M. Suarez, and J. Desaeger. 2022. Feeding selectivity of Aphelenchoides besseyi and A. pseudogoodeyi on fungi associated with Florida strawberry. Plant Disease. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-21-2463-RE.

Olmedo-Velarde, A., P. Waisen, A.T. Kong, K.-H. Wang, J. S. Hu, and M.J. Melzer. 2022. Examination of the virome of taro plants affected by a lethal disease, the alomae-bobone virus complex, in Papua New Guinea. Viruses 2022, 14: 1410; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14071410.

Omidi, R., Pourreza, A., Moghimi, A., Zuniga-Ramirez, G., Jafarbiglu, H., Maung, Z.T.Z., and A. Westphal. 2022. A Semi-supervised Clustering Approach to Cluster Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Leaves in Root Lesion Nematode Infected Walnut Trees. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 194 – 106761.

Pugh, M., N, Kihata, J. Uyeda, K.-H. Wang, and I. Shikano. 2022. The effects of a naturalized weed, Lepidium virginicum, on the development and behaviors of the diamondback moth and its natural enemies in Hawaii. Biological Control 173: 104994 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2022.104994).

Pothula, S.K, G. Phillips, and E. C. Bernard. 2022. Increasing levels of physical disturbance affect soil nematode community composition in a previously undisturbed ecosystem.  Journal of Nematology 54: e2022-1. https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2022-0022

Rahman, M., Islam, T., Jett, L. and Kotcon, J.  2021.  Biocontrol agent, biofumigation, and grafting with resistant rootstock suppress soil-borne disease and improve yield of tomato in West Virginia.  Crop Protection 145 (2021) 105630.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2021.105630

Schumacher, L.A. and Z.J. Grabau. 2022. Evaluation of three common root extraction methods for Rotylenchulus reniformis recovery from cotton roots. Plant Health Progress. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-11-21-0135-RS.

Schumacher, L.A., Z.J. Grabau, H.L. Liao, D.L. Wright, and I.M. Small. 2022. Effects of grass-based crop rotation, nematicide, and irrigation on the nematode community in cotton. Journal of Nematology 54:e2022-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2022-0046.

Silvasy, T., A.A. Ahmad, K.-H. Wang, T.J.K. Radovich. 2021. Rate and timing of meat and bone meal applications influence growth, yield and soil water nitrate concentrations in sweet corn production. MDPI-Agronomy 11: 2945 (https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/10/1945/pdf).

Sykes, Virginia, R. Blair, H. Kelly, Schumacher, A. Wilson, F. Palacios, B. Keadle, V. Pantalone, and A. Thompson McClure. 2021. Soybean variety tests in Tennessee. University of Tennessee Extension Publication PB 1889.

Wang, K.-H. P. Waisen, R. Paudel, G. Chen, S.L.F. Meyer and C.R.R. Hooks. 2022. Effects of plasticulture and conservation tillage on nematode assemblage and their relationships with nitrous oxide emission following a winter cover cropping and vegetable production system. Horticulturae 8: 728. (https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8080728).

Wang, K.-H., P. Waisen, A. W. Leslie, R. Paudel, S.L.F. Meyer and C.R.R. Hooks. 2022. Relationships between soil tillage systems, nematode communities and weed seed predation. Horticulturae 8: 425. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8050425.