Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Short-term Outcomes:
1. Globodera tabacum may be useful as a substitute model for the quarantined pathogen Globodera pallida for trap cropping with S. sisymbriifolium under field conditions, which may help researchers develop new management strategies for nematodes on potato.
2. Observed differences in reaction to Pasteuria isolates and resistance genes in pepper may be used to differentiate races of Meloidogyne hapla, which will allow growers to plant inherently resistance crop species and varieites to preserve crop yield and grower profitability.
3. Chemical nematicides were tested for efficiacy in turfgrasses, resulting in new disease management strategies for growers. These strategies resulted in increased turf quality and reducing the number of total pesticide applications required to maintain high quality.
4. Although the Mi-1 gene is commonly used to combat root-knot nematodes, researchers determined that these varieites yielded substantially lower than susceptible varieities under Florida conditions.  As such, growers are now aware that they cannot rely on available host resistance as a substitute for nematicide treatments and can continue to take measures to ensure high yeilds.
5. Experiments utilizing poultry based compost enhanced the survival of enteric pathogens in soil more than dairy-based compost. This information can be used for dairy farms to shift away from poultry compost to increase bovine health and allow for easier compliance in organic agriculture.
6. A cover crop calculator that was developed helped farmers reduce fertilizer inputs and increase profits.
7. Soybean cyst nematode research is providing knowledge of long-term agricultural practices on soil biological activities and crop productivities, which will help develop long-term effective strategies for management of plant-parasitic nematodes in the soybean-corn production system in the Midwest. Identification and development of new SCN resistance is critical for long-term successful management of SCN.
8. Current research underway will allow more accurate damage thresholds for Meloidogyne hapla and Pratylenchus penetrans in potato and more efficient means of nematode quantification which will allow growers to determine whether control methods are required to maintain high crop yields.

Outputs:
During the 2017 reporting period, 37 publications were produced (referred articles, chapters, abstracts and books).  In addition, participants delivered numerous presentations to growers, the public and other stakeholders.  The most intensively entension-based participant (Crow, FL) delivered 17 seminars, 3 field days, and 5 workshops to a combined audience of 1,900 in Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Texas, and Arkansas.  Mitkowski (RI) gave 5 seminars and 2 webinars to a total audience of 500.  Wang (HI) gave four workshops /field days were conducted to demonstrate how to use Cover Crop Calculator to farmers and educators throughout Hawaii. Wick (MA) gave a presentation on the “effectiveness of alternatives to fenamiphos”  at the New England Regional Turfgrass Conference in Providence R.I. to about 250 golf course superintendents and the UMass Extension Nematology Lab processed about 215 samples, the majority of which came from golf courses. Each sample can be counted as a teaching moment as the superintendent receives results, a fact sheet about nematodes in turfgrasses and written recommendations.  Although not captured or reported here, most of the participants in NE1640 are heavily invested in extension activies and consistently engage with the public throughout the year.  Additional activities include phone conversations with growers, posters, articles in trade magazines, interviews in the popular press and hundreds of contacts with the public.

Activities: 
CT: (Obj. 1) Field plots (6ft by 25 ft with 12 ft borders) and 3-ft diameter microplots were planted with multiple rotation schemes (6 replications and 15 replications for field and microplot experiments, respectively). Soils were sampled for pre-plant Pratylenchus nematode densities, which were not significantly different.  In field plots, lesion nematode densities after one year of rotation crop sequences was lowest after the rotation sequence consisting of black oats followed by Rudbeckia and millet followed by Dwarf Essex brassica and the rotation sequence of barley, followed by buckwheat followed by winter wheat.  Results were different in microplots. The rotation sequence consisting of black oats followed by Rudbeckia and millet followed by Dwarf Essex brassica and the rotation sequence of Pacific Gold brassica followed by sudangrass followed by millet and forage radish had significantly lower lesion nematode populations than the other rotation sequences. Trap crops are being developed for nonchemical control of cyst nematodes. A solanaceous weed, Solanum sisymbriifolium (sticky nightshade or Litchi tomato) is being evaluated to control potato cyst nematodes Globodera pallida. Because of the difficulties in working with this regulated pathogen, we conducted experiments with the closely related tobacco cyst nematode G. tabacum as a model system. Experiments were conducted to evaluate S. sisymbriifolium for ability to stimulate hatch of G. tabacum in comparison to a susceptible or resistant host plant, for ability of the nematode to reproduce and increase, and for efficacy against the nematode as a trap crop under field conditions in comparison to plant resistance.   Nematode reproduction as determined by the ratio of the final (Pf) to initial (Pi) populations varied between treatments (P = 0.003) (Table 3). In 2015, Pf/Pi ratios were 2.89, 0.38 and 0.14 for susceptible tobacco, resistant tobacco and Litchi tomato, respectively. All three plants were significantly different from each other (P = 0.05). In 2016, Pf/Pi ratios were highest for eastern black nightshade (6.64) and susceptible tobacco (2.84), which were different from fallow (0.56), resistant B2 tobacco (0.32) and Litchi tomato (0.20). These results are consistent with previous research that Litchi tomato, S. sisymbriifolium, stimulates tobacco cyst nematode hatch better than resistant or susceptible tobacco but unlike eastern black nightshade, does not allow significant nematode reproduction in roots, indicating that it may be an effective trap crop for management of G. tabacum and G. pallida. In addition, G. tabacum may be useful as a substitute model for the quarantined pathogen Globodera pallida for conducting trap crop experiments with S. sisymbriifolium under field conditions.

HI: (Obj. 2)  A Cover Crop Calculator to estimate plant-available nitrogen (PAN) that can be made available from growing cover crops is generated for different climate zones with distinct soil types in Hawaii (https://cms.ctahr.hawaii.edu/wangkh/ResearchandExtension/CoverCrops.aspx). A strong correlation between PAN mineralization rates (PAN%) and nematode soil health bioindicators were found especially when separating soils with from without predatory and omnivorous nematodes.  A second project was to determine if no-till cover cropping with black oat can enhance soil health and foster indigenous entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) infectivity in a corn agroecosystem. Results showed that conservation agriculture preserved a healthier soil food web, improved soil physical properties (field capacity, soil organic matter, cooler soil temperature) that led to higher EPN infectivity.
(Obj. 3) A Cover Crop Calculator Week (March 13-18, 2017) where four workshops / field days were conducted to demonstrate how to use Cover Crop Calculator to farmers and educators throughout Hawaii. A second outreach activity on “Benefits of conservation agriculture on soil water properties and entomopathogenic nematodes” was conducted on Feb 4, 2017 to show case the various benefits of soil health management (These two events reached out to > 105 farmers to promote benefits of cover cropping).

FL: (Obj 1) (A.) In five field trials testing Meloidogyne resistant tomato cultivars, where daily soil temperatures averaged 20 to 35 ºC, there was no loss of functioning of the Mi-1 gene. Galling on resistant cultivars was mostly ≤10% (100 scale). The resistant cultivars, however consistently yielded 10 to 12% less than susceptible cultivars.  When treated with fumigants both resistant and susceptible cultivars yielded similarly.  (B.) We conducted 25 field trials, 4 greenhouse trials, and 2 microplot trials evaluating 10 currently labeled pesticides and 13 numbered active ingredients or experimental formulations, 4 existing and 2 experimental biological products, and 5 induced resistance materials for nematode management on turfgrasses and ornamentals. We evaluated 33 bermudagrass genotypes for nematode tolerance as year 4 of a 5-year field trial. We evaluated nematode tolerance of 6 bermudagrass cultivars as year 2 of a 2-year microplot trial. We conducted 2 microplot trials and 3 field trials evaluating the impacts of different organic amendments on plant-parasitic nematodes and nematode tolerance of bermudagrass. We completed the second year of a 2-year field trial evaluating the effects of turfgrass nematicides on non-target nematodes and other soil invertebrates.
(Obj. 3) Nematode management training was presented to turfgrass stakeholder groups at 17 seminars, 3 field days, and 5 workshops to a combined audience of 1,900 in Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Texas, and Arkansas. Turfgrass nematode management articles were written in the two most widely read and highest quality turfgrass trade magazines, the Green Section Record and Golf Course Management. Three University of Florida Cooperative Extension documents were updated and revised: Nematode Management for Lawns in Florida, Nematode Management for Golf Courses in Florida, and Nematode Management for Athletic Fields in Florida. Diagnosis was provided for >5000 turfgrass and ornamental samples submitted to the University of Florida Nematode Assay Lab from around the US.

MA: (Obj. 1) Four golf greens were sampled by collecting 30 9 x 2.5-cm cores from each green and the total number of Hoplolaimus nematodes and the total number of Pasteuria-infected nematodes were determined for each core. There was no correlation between the total number of Hoplolaimus nematodes and the % Pasteuria-infected nematodes. The percent Pasteuria-infected nematodes for the 4 greens was 3, 15, 33 and 77. Three golf greens from another site were similarly analyzed for Pasteuria-infected Tylenchorhynchus and there was no correlation. The percent infected nematodes for the 3 greens with Tylenchorhynchus was 41, 50 and 54. Two of these greens were examined 12 years ago (2004) and the percent of Pasteuria-infected nematodes was approximately half of the present level. Fluensulfone, 4 applications at 2-week intervals showed no phytotoxicity and no control of Hoplolaimus nematodes at one test site. At two other sites, phytotoxicity was evident after 2 applications and the research had to end before nematicidal efficacy could be determined. Heat killed Burkholderia sp. strain A396 did not control Hoplolaimus after 4 applications at the label rate.

MI: (Obj. 1) (A.) Research on plant parasitic nematode control using compost, cover crops, solarization, biological control agents, and new nematicides is ongoing. Trials this summer included crops such as potatoes, carrots, soybeans, sugar beets, and daylilies.  For Daylilies, the standard hot water dip and Velum dip significantly increased plant yield when plants were affected by root knot nematodes. In potatoes, composts and some nematicides increased yield and reduced nematodes. In Carrots, Vydate resulted in the highest yield and lowest carrot damage by Nematodes. Data is still being analyzed for several trials.  (B.)  Experiments related to development of a trap crop for Heterodera glycines were conducted under greenhouse and field conditions. Eleven cultivars from two genera (Raphanus spp. and Sinapis spp. of the Brassicaeae (Cruciferae) were evaluated in greenhouse experiments, including one multi-cultivar blend. Six were selected for the field experiments. After 45 days under greenhouse conditions, all eleven cultivars in the greenhouse experiments had significantly lower egg and cyst population densities than the susceptible control. The field research results varied among locations. In two counties, all cover crop cultivars resulted in fewer eggs, cysts, and eggs/cyst, compared to the susceptible control. In the other country, however, there were significant differences between the cover crop cultivars and the susceptible control for all three SCN life stage indicator categories. (C.)  Over cropping is one of the common practices in Midwest agriculture for improving soil quality and/or suppressing harmful organisms such as plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN). Oats and a variety brassicas were tested in mineral soils suitable for vegetable and field cropping systems. The outcomes on PPN were variable and cover crops did not affect the nematode community until nearly a year after cover crop growth. This suggesting that changes in the soil community following cover cropping may be gradual.
(Obj. 2) (A.) Plant parasitic nematode management practices are evaluated for the effect on beneficial nematode communities, and other soil health characteristics.  (B.)  Solanium lycopersicum cv Anahu was selected for this plant grafting and cross resistance research with southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and white fly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) because it contains the MI gene and is one of parents of all modern cultivars possessing this gene. After 120 days, the final population density of M. incognita was 11-fold greater on Rutgers, compared to Anahu. Homo-grafting yielded similar results, with a 19-fold greater final population density associated with Rutgers/Rutgers compared to Anahu/Anahu. With hetero-grafting, however, the final population densities associated with Rutgers/Anahu and Anahu/Rutgers were not significantly different from each other and Anahu/Rutgers had a significantly greater population density of M. incognita than Anahu or homo-grafted Anahu. Pruning had a significant negative impact on the functioning of the Mi gene, resulting in greater final population densities of M. incognita, compared to that of non-pruned plants. The presence of M. incognita, may have triggered resistant to T. vaporariorum on non-grafted Anahu and homo-grafted Anahu. (C.)  Understanding the role of cropping systems and related agronomic practices on the soil food web (SFW), nutrient cycling, and soil health, and integrated efficiency of the outcomes are major emphasis in our program. We continue to integrate the SFW and fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) models to understand soil health outcomes and sustainability of the outcomes. Both models use a quadrant system to separate outcomes from best-to-worst case scenarios.
(Obj. 3) (A.) Articles in grower’s news, such as Michigan Farmer and Vegetable news have been published. Additionally, several grower talks and posters have been presented. Additionally, a nematology seminar class was taught this year, and entomology and plant pathology graduate students have been exposed to plant parasitic nematodes and management practices, nematode-vectored plant viruses, free living nematodes, and entomopathogenic nematodes. See list of publications below.  (B.) A soybean cyst nematode resistance management education program will be launched at the Commodity Classic on February 17 in Anaheim, CA. Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York and Michigan are part of this coalition. A soil health publication entitled, Managing Soil Health for Root and Tuber Crops was published as MSU Extension Bulletin E-3343 in 2016. National webinars on SCN resistance management and corky ringspot of potato were published through the APS Plant Management Network. The possibility of using APS/PMN as a vehicle for implementing Objective 3. of NE-1640 will be discussed at the NE-1640 annual meetings.

MN: (Obj. 1) In 2017, a total of 93 private and public soybean cultivars were assayed for their resistance to SCN HG Type 7 (race 3) in the greenhouse. A number of soybean germplasm lines, most of which were in MG 000-II, were retested for their resistance to SCN race 1 (HG Type 2-) and/or race 14 (HG Type 1-). Advanced soybean breeding lines were evaluated for their resistance to SCN populations in the greenhouse, and a few of them were tested for yield in fields. A total of 119 pennycress germplasm lines in the UMN breeding program were evaluated for their resistance to SCN. None of the pennycress lines are highly resistant to SCN.
(Obj. 2) Long-term corn-soybean rotation effect on microbial communities associated with the soybean cyst nematode: Field plots of long-term corn-soybean crop sequences were established in 1982 in Minnesota, USA: (i) five-year rotation of each crop such that both crops are in years 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of monoculture every year; (ii) annual rotation of each crop with both crops planted each year; (iii) continuous monoculture of each crop. Samples of bulk soil, rhizosphere soil, rhizoplane soil, crop roots, and SCN cysts were collected in 2014-2016 to study crop sequences effect on fungal and bacterial communities associated with SCN with cultural methods as well as metabarcoding DNA sequence analysis. The metabarcoding data showed that the plant host has a strong influence on the microbiomes of the root, rhizosphere, and bulk soil microbiomes with communities from soybean being highly differentiated from those of corn. While nematode parasitic fungi were found in all compartments of the agroecosystem (e.g. cyst, root, rhizosphere, and bulk soil), different functional guilds of these fungi showed different patterns of distribution with increasing years of soybean monoculture and SCN egg density.

NY: (Obj. 1) Cornell NYSAES continues to investigate damage threshold levels for root knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla) and lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans) on potato in NY, and to develop DNA-based methods to quantify nematode populations in soil. In 2017, three commercial fields of potato were intensively sampled prior to planting and immediately prior to harvest. At each time, soil samples were obtained from 100 locations in each field and nematodes extracted and counted. Yield and quality of tubers at each location was also assessed. Data will be analyzed to derive relationships between pre-plant numbers of nematodes and (i) pre-harvest nematode numbers, (ii) yield, and (iii) quality of tubers. A method of extracting nematode DNA from 100 g soil samples has been developed for mineral soils (submitted to journal). This method will be used to extract DNA from soil samples collected in 2017, and investigate the relationship between manual techniques of enumerating nematodes and quantification by real time PCR.  Ditylenchus dispaci (bloat nematode) continues to be an issue for NY garlic growers and the Cornell NYSAES provides a service in testing for Ditylenchus dipsaci (bloat nematode). Ditylenchus dipsaci was detected in garlic bulbs from several farms in 2017, including bulbs intended for seed.

RI: (Obj. 1) Newly introduced commercial nematicides were tested for efficacy against Hoplolaimus, Tylenchorhynchus and Helicotylenchus species of turf-parasitic nematodes.  Of the materials tested, fluopyram was highly effective against Tylenchorhynchus but had no impact on populations of othr nematodes.  Fluopyram was actively quickly, with nematode population declines observed within 10 days following treatment.  In addition, fluopyram continued to be effective at least 60 days following treatment.
(Obj. 3) Nematode management training was provided for superintendents in Maine, Massachusetts and Rhode Island.  Approximately 500 growers/superintendents were present for these seminars.  In addition, the URI Turfgrass Diagnostic lab received hundreds of samples from nematode diagnosis, for which recommendations and management practices were provided.  Finally, the Turfgrass Nematode seminar was planned for January 2018 in East Landsing, Michigan. 

TN: (Obj. 1) As part of an interdepartmental cooperative forensic study, nematode communities were evaluated under beaver carcasses (cage plots) and in nearby control plots (six replicates), in a maturing forest with little or no groundcover. Two kinds of samples were examined: 1) soil cores were taken to a 20-cm depth at the edge of the carcass (cage samples, not considered further) or in the control plots; 2) interface samples were taken by scraping the top 0.5 cm of substrate from under each carcass, or by scraping the top 0.5 cm of substrate from each control plot, to yield about 200 cm³ soil. As expected, bacterivores were far more abundant (up to 35,000/100 cm³) in the carcass interface than in the control interface (maximum 1,300/100 cm³) due to decay-induced microaerobic conditions that favored the rhabditids Pelodera and Rhabditella. Genus-level taxon richness was much lower in cage plots, averaging fewer than 8 taxa over the first four months of the study; control plots averaged more than 20 taxa during the same span. Taxon abundance and richness in interface controls and soil core controls were compared. Interface control nematode abundance was 2‒6× greater in the interface samples than in the soil cores, and genus-level richness in the interface was higher, with 19‒23 taxa per sample compared to 16‒20 taxa in the soil cores. All plant-parasitic nematode genera found in the soil cores were also found in the interface (Criconema, Gracilacus, Helicotylenchus, Hemicycliophora, Xenocriconemella). These results suggest that in some cases nematode extraction from the surface layer of substrate will give the same results as the more laborious process of collecting soil cores. Comparison of interface vs. soil core nematode community parameters will be investigated in a range of landscapes and environmental conditions to determine the predictive value of interface-type samples.
(Obj. 3) We have developed a learning module on the use of millipede-parasitic nematodes for teaching basic aspects of nematode anatomy and their multiple roles in the environment. These nematodes are easy to obtain and are large enough that their anatomy can be seen clearly at low to medium magnification. Although the module is not focused on plant-parasitic nematodes, it provides a short section on nematodes in general. This learning activity, aimed at high school biology students, has two award-winning AP-Biology teachers as co-authors. Gary Phillips is the lead author. The manuscript will be sent to American Biology Teacher before the end of the year.

VT: (Obj. 2) We completed a third year of a field study on the persistence of enteric pathogens in manure-amended soils in northeast U.S. produce-growing environments. There was negligible Escherichia coli survival by 80 days. Decline of E. coli was faster at surfaces of untilled plots than at 10 cm depth in tilled soils. Over-wintering in Vermont was sufficient to insure no carryover of E. coli applications from applications in the prior fall to spring. These data will be used to inform the Food Safety and Modernization Act.  We completed a second year of a field experiment on the ecological dynamics in compost-amended soils and the resulting effects on E. coli survival. Poultry litter-compost support greater numbers and longer periods of persistence in field soils of E. coli than dairy-based composts. We are analyzing ancillary data related to community composition of indigenous bacterial and fungal communities, and ecoenzymes to quantify the function of nutrient acquisition. Bedded pack management for fly control reduces mastitis risk for organic cow dairies. Bedded pack supported greater relative abundance of bacterial taxa associated with healthy-milk compared to mastitis associated. Pseudomonas spp. were associated with the healthy microbiome while P. viridiflava was associated with the mastitic microbiome. Mesostigmata (Acari) mites were dominant within the microarthropod communities extracted from bedded pack. In laboratory mesocosms, we confirmed that Mesostigmatid mites, extracted from the pack live, will feed on yeast fungi in the Saccharomycetales and Diptera fly larvae. Given their biological niche, their presence in the bedded pack material, and their apparent proximity to the fly larvae, they may have potential as a biological control agent. Rhizoctonia solani accounts for losses of 30-50% in field-grown lettuce by organic vegetable farmers in Vermont annually, without prospect of control. We collected five virulent isolates from local fields and developed methods for greenhouse plant bioassays to evaluate vermicompost and poultry pellets effect on root growth and disease severity with and without R. solani. We plan to use metagenomics to compare communities of bacteria/archaea and fungi in roots, rhizosphere, and bulk soil within these mesocosms conducted in the coming year.

Accomplished Milestones (2017):
1. The effects of identified non-host or antagonistic rotation crops were tested against multiple nematodes (Heterodera glycines , Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne hapla, Pratylenchus spp.) nematodes in multiple states (CT, MI, MN, VT) under field conditions.
2. Soil scientists were asked to join the project from collaborating institutions and engaged in participating in lines of research focusing on microbial communities in soil (New members now included from CA, NY, MI, HI, FL and IL).
3. Multiple grower education seminars and workshops were conducted throughout many of the participating states (NY, MI, MA, RI, CT, VT, MN, FL and others). The Turfgrass Nematode Workshop was moved from 2017 to January 4, 2018 at Michigan State and will be undertaken a second time in March at the New England Regional Turfgrass Conference held in Providence, RI. National webinars on SCN resistance management and corky ringspot of potato were published through the APS Plant Management Network.
4. Relationships between the microbial community, plant-parasitic nematodes, soil health, and crop productivity were investigated (HI, VT, MI, MA).
5. Examination of Pasteuria spp. toward plant parasitic nematode hosts in suppressive soils was undertaken on ectoparastitic nematodes (MA).
6. The efficacy or multiple new nemticidal products was investigated (FL, MA, RI).

Asiedu, O., C. K. Kwoseh, H. Melakeberhan, and T. Adjeigyapong. 2017. Nematode distribution in cultivated and undisturbed soils of Guinea Savannah and Semi-deciduous Forest zones of Ghana. Geoscience Frontiers. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2017.07.010.

Baidoo, R., T. M. Mengistu, J. A. Brito, R. McSorley, R. H. Stamps, and W. T. Crow. 2017. Vertical distribution of Pasteuria penetrans parasitizing Meloidogyne incognita on Pittosporum tobira in Florida. Journal of Nematology 49:311-315.

Baidoo, R., T. M. Mengistu, R. McSorley, R. H. Stamps, J. A. Brito, and W. T. Crow. 2017. Management of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on Pittosporum tobira under greenhouse, field, and on-farm conditions in Florida. Journal of Nematology 49:133-139.

Baidoo, R., S. Joseph, T. M. Mengistu, J. A. Brito, R. McSorley, R. H. Stamps, and W. T. Crow. 2016. Mitochondrial haplotype-based identification of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) on cut foliage crops in Florida. Journal of Nematology 48:193-202.

Bajaj, R., Chen, S., Hu, W., Huang, Y., Prasad, R., Kumar, V., Tuteja, N., Varma, A., and Bushley, K. E. 2017. Protocol for biocontrol of soybean cyst nematode with root endophytic fungi. Pp. 401-412 in A. Varma and A. K. Sharma, eds. Modern Tools and Techniques to Understand Microbes. Cham, Switzerland: Springer

Bakelaar, J.E., Neher, D.A., and Gilker, R. 2016. Minimal soil impact by cold season pasture management in Vermont. Canadian Journal of Soil Science DOI 10.1139/CJSS-2014-0005.

Bird, G. 2017. Potato cyst nematode and soil health biology. Proceedings of the Eurasian Agriculture and Natural Sciences Congress. Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.

Bird, G. 2017. The Organic Movement at MSU, pp. 70-80 (in) The Organic Movement in Michigan, Maynard Kaufman (ed.)

Bird, G., I. Zasada and G. Tylka, 2018. Role of Population dynamics and Damage Thresholds in Cyst Nematode Management (in) Cyst Nematodes, Perry, Moens and Jones (eds). CABI, Wallingford, UK. In Press.

Bird, G. and F. Warner. 2018. Nematodes and Nematologists of Michigan (in) Plant Parasitic Nematodes of North America, S. Subbbotin (ed.). Submitted for Publication.

Bird, G., G. Abawi and J. LaMondia. 2018. Nematodes of New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania (in) Plant parasitic Nematodes of North America, S. Subbotin (ed.). Submitted for publication.

Carta, L. and Wick, R. L. Bursaphelenchus antoniae from Pinus strobus in the U.S. 2017The Journal of Nematology (in review).

Crow, W. T. 2017. Nematodes - How do I know if I have a problem? USGA Green Section Record 55:1-6.

Crow, W. T., J. P. Becker, and J. H. Baird. 2017. New golf course nematicides. Golf Course Management 85:66-71.

Eshchanov, B., G. Bird and F. Zalom. 2017. Influence of grafting and pruning on Meloidogyne incognita associated with resistant and susceptible Solanum lycopersicum Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists. Williamsburg, VA.     

Eshchanov, B., G. Bird and F. Zalom. 2017. Impact of Solanum lycopersicum grafting on the life cycle of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Insecta) in the presence and absence of Meloidogyne incognita (Nematoda): With Special Reference to the Mi Gene and Type-D Trichomes. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists. Williamsburg, VA.

Filgueiras, Camila Cramer, Denis S. Willett, Alcides Moino Junior, Martin Pareja, Fahiem El Borai, Donald W. Dickson, Lukasz L. Stelinski, and Larry W. Duncan. 2016. Stimulation of the salicylic acid pathway aboveground recruits entomopathogenic nematodes belowground. Plos One: 11:1-9.

Grabau, Z., Vetsch, J., and Chen, S. 2017. Effects of fertilizer, nematicide, and tillage on plant-parasitic nematodes and yield in corn and soybean. Agronomy Journal 109:1651-1662. doi:10.2134/agronj2016.09.0548.

Grabau, Z.J., Z.T.Z. Maung, C. Noyes, D. Baas, B.P. Werling, D.C. Brainard, and H. Melakeberhan. 2017. Effects of cover crops on Pratylenchus penetrans and the nematode community in carrot production. Journal of Nematology. Journal of Nematology 49, 114-123.

Hu, W., Samac, D. A., Liu, X., and Chen, S. 2017. Microbial communities in the cysts of soybean cyst nematode affected by tillage and biocide in a suppressive soil. Applied Soil Ecology 119:396-406. doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.07.018.   

Kelly A. Morris, David B. Langston, Richard F. Davis, James P. Noe, Donald W. Dickson and Patricia Timper. 2016. Efficacy of various application methods of fluensulfone for managing root-knot nematodes in vegetables. Journal of Nematology 48:65-71.

Kelly A. Morris, David B. Langston, Bhabesh Dutta, Richard F. Davis, Patricia Timper, James P. Noe, and Donald W. Dickson. 2016. Evidence for a disease complex between Pythium aphanidermatum and root-knot nematodes in cucumber. Plant Health Progress 17:200-201.

Kokalis-Burelle, N., R. McSorley, K-H. Wang, S. Saha, R. McGovern. 2017. Rhizosphere microorganisms affected by soil solarization and cover cropping in Capsicum annuum and Phaseolus lunatus agroecosystems. Applied Soil Ecology 119: 64-71.

LaMondia, J. A. and L. M. Dandurand. 2017. Effects of resistant or susceptible tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptychanthum), and litchi tomato (Solanum sisymbriifolium) on reproduction of the tobacco cyst nematode Globodera tabacum. Journal of Nematology in press.

LaMondia, J. A. 2016. Evidence for suppression of Meloidogyne hapla by Pasteuria in Connecticut. Journal of Nematology 48:341.

LaMondia, J. A., R. L. Wick and N. A. Mitkowski. 2017. Plant Parasitic Nematodes of New England – Connecticut, Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Chapter 3. In: Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Sustainable Agriculture in North America edited by S. A. Subbotin and J. J. Chitambar, Springer (in review).

LaPorte, Patricia, B. Sipes, H. Melakeberhan, C. Chan, A. Sanchez-Perez, and A. Sacbaja 2017. An interdisciplinary assessment of integrated nematode-soil health management for smallholder potato farming systems in western highlands of Guatemala. Society of Nematologists Annual Meeting proceedings, 83-84.

Leslie, A., K-H. Wang, S. Meyer, C. R.R. 2017. Hooks. Influence of cover crops on arthropods, free-living nematodes, and yield in a succeeding no-till soybean crop. Applied Soil Ecology 117-118: 21-31.

Manandhar, R., K-H. Wang, C. R.R. Hooks, and M. Wright. 2017. Effects of strip-tilled cover cropping on the population density of thrips and predatory insects in a cucurbit agroecosystem. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 192_R1.

Monteiro, T.S.A., J. A. Brito, S. J. S. Vau, W. Yuan, J. A. LaMondia, and D. W. Dickson 2016. First report of endotokia matricida in Meloidogyne hapla: a case study. Journal of Nematology 48:354.

Neher, D. A., Fang, L., and Weicht, T. R. 2017. Ecoenzymes as indicators of compost to suppress Rhizoctonia solani. Compost Science and Utilization DOI 10.1080/1065657X.2017.1300548

Noyes, D.C., Z. Hayden, D. Baas, H. Melakeberhan, B. Werling and D.C. Brainard.  2017.  Cover crop effects on nitrogen and weeds in MI processing carrots.  38^th International Carrot Conference, CP-102, Bakersfield, CA, March (Oral).

Poley, K. and M. Quintanilla. 2017. Control of Root Knot Nematode in Daylily Bare Root Production. Poster. Great Lakes Fruit, Vegetable, and Farm Market Expo.

Poley, K. and M. Quintanilla. 2017. Nematicidal Control of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Carrots. Poster. Great Lakes Fruit, Vegetable, and Farm Market Expo.

Quintanilla-Tornel, M. A., 2017. Soil Acoustics. In: A. Farina and S.H. Gage (Eds.). Ecoacoustics: The ecological role of sounds. Wiley Press.

Quintanilla, M., J. Shoemaker, K. Poley, and F. Warner. 2017. Soybean Cyst Nematode, Management for a destructive soybean pathogen. Michigan Farmer Magazine, December issue.

Quintanilla, M., Warner, F., 2018. Nematode Management. In: J.C. Wise, L.J. Gut, J. Wilson, M. Greishop, M. Whalon, D. Mota-Sanchez, M. Quintanilla, R. lsaacs, A.M.C. Schilder, G.W. Sundin, B. Zandstra, R. Beaudry, G. Lang, L. Jess, D. Elsner, W. Shane, M. Longstroth, C. Garcia-Salazar, and D. Brown-Rytlewski. Fruit Management Guide. Michigan State University Extension Bulletin E-154, pp. 311-314.

Quintanilla-Tornel, M. A., Wang, K. H., Tavares, J., & Hooks, C. R. 2016.
Effects of mulching on above and below ground pests and beneficials in a green onion agroecosystem. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 224: 75-85. Journal impact factor: 3.564.

Shoemaker, J. and G. Bird. 2017. Evaluation of potential trap crops for management of Heterodera glycines in Michigan soybean production. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists. Williamsburg, VA.       

Snapp, S., L. Tiemann, N. Rosenzweig, D. Brainard and G. Bird. 2016. Managing Soil Health for Root and Tuber Crops. Michigan State University Extension Bull. E-3343. East Lansing, 10 pp.