Duration: 12/01/2009 to 09/30/2011

Administrative Advisor(s):

NIFA Reps:

Non-Technical Summary

Statement of Issues and Justification

Statement of Issue and Justification:
Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii, SWD) has been recorded on multiple crops in California during both 2008 and 2009. During 2009 SWD was also recorded in British Columbia, California, Oregon and Washington. During both seasons, producers of stone (cherries and peaches) and small fruits (blackberries, blueberries, raspberries and strawberries) have been hard hit by SWD infestations (Steck et al. 2009, Dreves & Walton 2009). Due to the rapid spread and uniqueness of this pest in the USA, very little information is available on SWD biology, monitoring and management. In California, current reports on management and monitoring is provided (UC IPM 2009, Bolda 2009), but limited. Work by Uchino & Kanto-Tosan (2005) and Kimura 2004 show that SWD has tremendous reproductive potential and can have multiple generations per season. In temperate regions, low temperatures are the most restrictive factor for overwintering survival of Drosophila populations (Izquierdo, 1991). No information is however available for local strains of SWD. Local information is needed on physiological traits such as overwintering capability, spring emergence, seasonal abundance, susceptible fruit stages and detailed control strategies. This insect is a direct pest of all mentioned fruits and attack ripening fruit as opposed to overripe fruit that is attacked by the majority of other Drosophila species.

Direct crop losses of high value crops are of concern to these commodities. Statewide reports of 25% loss of fresh cherries were recorded in California. Several California, Oregon and Washington berry growers have reported 100% crop loss crop losses in late ripening small fruits during 2009. Growers in Oregon have reported 100% crop losses on fresh peaches. This pest clearly has hit growers of multiple commodities hard, resulting in substantial economic losses. Information on integrated and sustainable system-wide control strategies are essential in order to facilitate financial survival of growers.

Types of Activities

Types of Activities:
Get multi-discipline stakeholder input and determine local and regional needs to mitigate crop losses.
Coordinate multi-state research activities based on stakeholder input in order to avoid duplication.
Develop multi-disciplinary action plan for local and regional SWD control.
Coordinate dissemination of knowledge through established and innovative new extension channels.

Objectives

1. Organize biannual stakeholder input meetings in order to direct input based on most current knowledge.
   
2. Organize biannual multi-state research and extension coordination meetings. These meetings will be divided into three focus areas followed by a multi-discipline general planning session.
   
3. Conduct research determined at stakeholder meetings.
   
4. Extend information in a coordinated manner. This will be based on the goals determined by specialists.
   

Expected Outputs, Outcomes and/or Impacts

We will determine the most effective sustainable control options for SWD based on effective monitoring, susceptible life stages, timing of control. Control strategies will be based on thorough study of physiology, seasonal phenology, monitoring and use of chemical and alternative soft control options. Information resulting from all complementary research will be combined in an online workspace to maximize information transfer on a multi-state basis. From here we will produce peer-reviewed papers, organize grower meetings, factsheets, newsletters and management recommendations. These activities will be coordinated and disseminated by a taskforce who will use a combination of the above tools. These data and information will be coordinated using established and new multi-state extension networks and personnel at Washington State University, Oregon State University and University of California.

New, relevant control options will allow growers and industries to mitigate the impact of SWD-related crop losses and result in more environmentally and economically sustainable small and stone fruit industries along the West Coast.

List of Participants:

Amy Dreves  IPM Research Associate, Oregon State Univ., Amy.Dreves@oregonstate.edu
Artyom Kopp  Assistant Professor, Evolution and Ecology, UC Davis, akopp@ucdavis.edu
Barbara Ohlendorf  Pest Management Guidelines Coordinator, UC IPM, blohlendorf@ucdavis.edu
Carolyn Pickel  Associate Director, Agricultural IPM, UC IPM/Sutter-Yuba Area IPM Advisor, cxpickel@ucdavis.edu
Chuck Ingles - UCCE Sacramento Co., caingels@ucdavis.edu
Clark Seavert - Center Director and Professor, North Willamette Research and Extension Center, Oregon State Univ., clark.seavert@oregonstate.edu
David Begun, Professor Evolution and Ecology, UC Davis, djbegun@ucdavis.edu
David Haviland - Entomology Farm Advisor, Kern Co., dhaviland@ucdavis.edu
Denny Bruck, Research Entomologist, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR, @onid.orst.edu
Diane Kaufman, Associate Professor, Oregon State Univ., diane.kaufman@orst.edu
Doug Walsh  Entomology Professor, Washington State Univ., dwalsh@wsu.edu
Frank Zalom  Extension Specialist, Entomology, fgzalom@ucdavis.edu
Jana Lee  Research Entomologist, USDA-ARS, Jana.Lee@ARS.USDA.GOV
Janet Caprile  Farm Advisor, Contra Costa Co., jlcaprile@ucdavis.edu
Joe DeFrancesco - Integrated Plant Protection Center, Oregon State Univ., defrancj@science.oregonstate.edu
Joe Grant  Farm Advisor, San Joaquin Co., jagrant@ucdavis.edu
Joyce Strand, Interim Director/Associate Director Communications, UC IPM, jfstrand@ucdavis.edu
Kathy Kelley Anderson  Farm Advisor, Stanislaus Co., kmkelley@ucdavis.edu
Kelly Hamby  Zalom lab Graduate Student, UC Davis, kahamby@ucdavis.edu
Len Coop - Assistant Professor, Botany/Plant Pathology, Oregon State Univ., coopl@oregonstate.edu
Lucia Varela  North Coast IPM Advisor, Sonoma Co., lgvarela@ucdavis.edu
Lynell Tanigoshi, Entomology Professor and Extension Specialist, Washington State Univ., tanigosh@wsu.edu
Mark Bolda  Farm Advisor, Santa Cruz Co., mpbolda@ucdavis.edu
Marshall Johnson  IPM Specialist and Research Entomologist, Kearney, mjohnson@uckac.edu
Martin Damus - Entomologist, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Canada, Martin.Damus@inspection.gc.ca
Martin Hauser  Associate Insect Biosystematist, CA Dept. of Food and Agriculture, MHauser@cdfa.ca.gov
Mary Lou Flint  Associate Director, Urban IPM, UC IPM/Extension Entomologist, mlflint@ucdavis.edu
Paul Jepson, Director Integrated Plant Protection Center, Oregon State Univ., jepsonp@science.oregonstate.edu
Peter Shearer, Entomology Professor, Oregon State Univ., peter.shearer@oregonstate.edu
Rachael Goodhue - Associate Professor, Agricultural and Resource Economics, UC Davis, goodhue@primal.ucdavis.edu
Rebecca Sisco, Regional Field Coordinator, Western Region IR4, rsisco@ucdavis.edu
Robert Van Steenwyk  Extension Entomologist, UC Berkeley, bobvanst@berkeley.edu
Stephen Welter  Entomology Professor, UC Berkeley, welters@nature.berkeley.edu
Sue Opp - CSU East Bay, susan.opp@csueastbay.edu
Tom Peerbolt - Peerbolt Crop Management, Portland Oregon, tom@peerbolt.com
Tunyalee Martin  Content Development Supervisor, UC IPM, tlamartin@ucdavis.edu
Vaughn Walton - Assistant Professor, Horticultural Entomologist, Oregon State Univ., waltonv@hort.oregonstate.edu
Wei Qiang Yang, Associate Professor, Oregon State Univ., wei.yang@oregonstate.edu
William Coates - Farm Advisor/County Director, San Benito Co., bwwcoates@ucdavis.edu

Projected Participation

View Appendix E: Participation

Literature Cited

Bolda 2009, UC IPM 2009. A New Pest in California: Spotted Wing Drosophila. http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/EXOTIC/drosophila.html
Coop, L. B. 2007. U. S. degree-day mapping calculator. Version 3.0. Oregon State University Integrated Plant Protection Center Web Site Publication E.07-05-1http://ushttp://pnwpest.org/cgi-bin/usmapmaker.plpest.org/cgi-bin/usmapmaker.pl.
Dreves A.J., Walton V.M 2009. A new pest attacking healthy ripening fruit in Oregon: Spotted Wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura)http. ://www.nwsmallfruits.org/alerts/2009-09-09_Regional_Pest_Alert-Spotted_Wing_Drosophila.pdf
Izquierdo J.I., 1991. How does Drosophila melanogaster overwinter? Entomol. Exp. Appl: 59: 5-58.

Kimura, M. T. 2004. Cold and heat tolerance of drosophilid flies with reference to their latitudinal distributions.Oecologia, 140, 3, pp 442-449.

Steck, G.J., Dixon, W., Dean, D., 2009. Spotted Wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera, Drosopilidae), a fruit pest new to North America. http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi/enpp/ento/drosophila_suzukii.html

Schmidt, P. S.; Matzkin, L.; Ippolito, M.; Eanes, W. F. 25. Geographic variation in diapause incidence, life-history traits, and climatic adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution, 2005, 59, 8, pp 1721-1732.

Uchino, K., K. Kanto-Tosan 2005. Distribution and seasonal occurrence of cherry drosophila Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) injurious to blueberry in Chiba Prefecture. Annual Report of the Kanto-Tosan Plant Protection Society, 2005, 52, pp 95-97.

Willmott, C. J., and S. M. Robeson. 1995. Climatologically aided interpolation (CAI) of terrestrial air temperature. Int. J. Climatol. 15: 221229.

Attachments

Land Grant Participating States/Institutions

CA, FL, MI, OR, UT, WA

Non Land Grant Participating States/Institutions

Oregon State University