Duration: 10/01/2009 to 09/30/2014

Administrative Advisor(s):

NIFA Reps:

Non-Technical Summary

Statement of Issues and Justification

Justification for Continuation of NCERA-3 (NC_TEMP003) Committee on Soil and Landscape Assessment, Function and Interpretation:

The National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS) includes federal, state, university and local partners with a public mandate for identification, inventory, use and management of soil resources. These partners include university pedologists from each agricultural experiment station (AES) in the nation; representatives from the USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS); USDI, Bureau of Land Management; USDA, Forest Service; Cooperative States Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) and state and local agriculture and/or natural resource agencies. The NCERA-3 committee is an essential component for coordinating National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS) activities in the North Central Region (NCR). The NCERA-3 Committee members serve on a national advisory board to the NRCS. The board is charged with reviewing policies and making recommendations to improve procedures in the soil survey program, identifying and coordinating important soil and water research and education efforts, developing soil/water interpretive guidelines and related activities.

Soil is the interface among solar radiation, nutrient dispersion and water supplies, upon which most life on Earth depends. The NCERA-3 committee consists of pedologists from each North Central AES, representatives from the USDA, NRCS, CSREES, other universities and an administrative advisor and this group is uniquely qualified to future needs for National priorities. Pedologists are soil scientists who study soils in their natural settings, with emphasis on soil classification, interpretations and soil/water/geomorphic processes at scales from individual soil aggregates to landscapes. Critical soil-related environmental concerns, such as climate change and the terrestrial carbon cycle, are global in scale and are very much tied to the soil resource. Pedology is a relatively recent sub-discipline in soil science, which, itself, is a relatively young science. Much historical pedologic effort has focused on identifying and classifying soil, which is a multivariate continuum with spatial and temporal attributes linking both biotic and abiotic components. Any science must be based on a classification of the entity under study, and this effort has only recently been accomplished in soil science. The emphasis of pedologists is now shifting from classification and inventory to identifying and understanding the temporally and spatially variable processes and functions of soils and landscapes and relating this understanding to end-users.


The university representatives are responsible for coordinating research, teaching and extension responsibilities with NCSS in their representative states. This committee coordinates and makes recommendations on designing, reviewing, and testing procedures and practices for developing soil survey information (SSI), which traditionally has included classifying, mapping and interpreting soils and conducting research on important soil/water/landscape processes. Completion of most of the baseline soil mapping in the NCR has allowed participating scientists to focus on refining and adapting the assembled SSI to meet a spectrum of natural resource planning and management needs at a variety of spatial scales. In response to societal needs, the NRCS has appointed a national committee to identify key soil/water/landscape interpretations important to sustaining these finite resources. The NCERA-3 committee plans to work directly with this group, the National Soil Interpretations and Advisory Group (NSIAG) as NRCS adjusts its historical mission and culture to meet new and important needs.

The SSI is the most detailed and comprehensive natural resource data, including tabular and spatial, available in the world. It is increasingly being used for a diverse array of applications that go well beyond its traditional use as a tool for agricultural planning and management. Most non-soil science SSI users have minimal knowledge of the SSI limitations, scale and potentials. Educating collaborators and using modern technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing is extremely important. If broad societal concerns about overlapping issues such as resource sustainability, global climate change, soil quality, biodiversity, bioenergy and environmental protection are to be met, pedologists must play a key role. The SSI should therefore be formulated in a sufficiently robust and reliable manner to meet existing and emerging applications.

The NCSS is placing more emphasis on improving the scientific basis and extrapolative utility of soil interpretations, and developing improved systems for storage, retrieval, analysis, and display/dissemination of SSI. These areas of emphasis draw heavily on the scientific and technical expertise that university cooperators can provide to the NCSS.

Examples of committee members' activities:

1. Use GIS and other tools to organize and share existing SSI; to improve soil resource inventory; and to model soil/water/landscape processes for a variety of needs. The SSI tool may be used to inform allied disciplines about the soil resource and the soil-water-plant interface.

2. Address technical problems and concerns about data quality before data are reliably incorporated into automated systems, such as Web Soil Survey and decision support tools. Differences in scale, cartographic technology, landscape concepts, land use intensity, and classification systems have occurred over the 50 years the data have been collected. Use of automated technologies provides a means for improving the detail and quality of information contained in soil maps through application of spatial, analytical, and display techniques.

3. Develop new research methods and procedures for generating and using soils information at both smaller and larger scales of resolution than current used in SSI data collection. Methods would include geostatistics, surface modeling, LIDAR, image processing, landscape process modeling and visualization. Broadening the scope and scale of the research addressed would provide guidance on stakeholder needs related to updates, interpretations, and informational products, particularly priorities of the research community. More research and outreach emphasis will be placed on interdependent development of pedologicial interpretations that require on-site investigation at a scale of resolution finer than that obtainable in soil surveys. These include appropriate siting of independent sewage treatment systems, siting and construction of rain gardens, and wetland delineation activities. At a scale of resolution coarser than that obtainable in soil surveys would be focused on use of additional resource data (e.g., LIDAR, remotely sensed data or other GIS data layers) with soil survey data to enhance interpretations and recommendations. Multiple opportunities and needs for pedological research, education, and outreach around these types of interpretations exist and could be at least partially addressed on a regional basis, rather than being duplicated state by state.

4. Modernize the SSI (with emphasis on data needed for interpretations) using Major Land Resource Areas (MLRAs) as the focal point. The MLRAs are geographic in nature and cross county and state boundaries. NCERA-3 members interact with colleagues to access and provide crop, land use and climatic data in addition to soils information. The NCERA-3 members provide state-of-the-art SSI in a GIS format to: (i) maintain the integrity and accuracy of the original survey, (ii) eliminate duplication and waste in developing single use soil data bases, and (iii) facilitate the transfer of soil data layers between different computer systems across a variety of user clientele.

5. Collect data for benchmark and/or extensive soils to support crop yield and biomass (including range, timber and bioenergy crops) estimates. Test models that better predict yield within the context of changing climate. Many states and counties use crop yield and biomass estimates in land appraisal and assessment work. These states and counties which use an income capitalization approach to land value have become leaders in use of digitized soil data for tax assessment. These crop yield and biomass data will also be useful in determining suitability and sustainability of soils for bioenergy production.


6. Address environmental issues, including those related to sustainability, vadose zone and surface water quality and the soil component of the terrestrial carbon cycle. Multidisciplinary efforts to improve sampling and modeling designs that better represent soil distributions and processes are needed.
NCERA-3 meets annually to exchange pertinent research information. On alternate years it meets with all NCSS members in the NCR to identify and coordinate research needs that support soil survey. The meetings are an important forum through which research and extension initiatives are developed and the needs of society in general for soil and water information are identified and discussed. The university members on the committee are educating the next generation of soil scientists, and if societys needs are to be met, future pedologists must have a wider range of skills and perspectives than their predecessors.

Three members of the NCERA-3 committee serve on the Regional Soil Taxonomy review committee which evaluates proposed modifications to Soil Taxonomy including those developed by international working committees. Representatives from NCERA-3 serve on NCSS work planning boards and national committees. These various committee linkages provide a network for evaluating soil survey technology in terms of its suitability for use in solution of current and anticipated land use problems. SSI is a major mechanism for technology transfer of research findings developed at AES and other research facilities. Policies of NCSS are evaluated by the NCERA-3 with respect to their impact on land use.

In summary, NCERA-3 provides a forum for contributing to the scientific foundation that guides collection of SSI and its interpretation and extrapolation. It provides a mechanism for evaluating and refining NCSS directives to suit local and state needs. As numbers of soil scientists and supporting resources have declined, the importance of a regional committee has increased. As the need for truly collaborative multidisciplinary work is being recognized and encouraged, the science that focuses on the interface between the biotic and abiotic processes in the landscape (pedology) is impaired. Therefore, pedologists must develop new linkages with other disciplines (including sociologists, ecologists, economists, engineers, geologists, hydrologists and urban planners) that work in the soil landscape.

Objectives

Procedures and Activities

Procedures and activities:

Objective 1

a. Participate in annual cooperative soil survey meetings at state, regional and national levels.

b. Maintain the NCERA-3 list-serve.

c. Designate NCERA-3 representation on NCSS committees and relay/evaluate national recommendations and initiatives to pertinent groups throughout the region.

d. Cooperate directly with NCSS advisory groups in identifying new uses of the soil survey and the soil data base.

Objective 2

a. Maintain communication with MLRA regional offices.

b. Advise and participate in MLRA research project development.

c. Direct research on soil landscape functions.

Objective 3


a. More research and outreach emphasis will be placed those that are dependent on interpretations at a scale of resolution finer than that obtainable in soil surveys.


b. At a scale of resolution coarser than that obtainable in soil surveys would be focused on use of additional resources with soil survey data to enhance interpretations and recommendations.

c. Improve the understanding of key decision-makers in land grant institutions and the NRCS about the relevance of soil map scale of resolution, pedology and landscape analysis.

d. Multiple opportunities and needs for pedological research, education, and outreach around these interpretations.

Objective 4

a. Incorporate existing AES and other universities soil characterization data into the national database in cooperation with National Soil Survey Center. These data includes soil sampling site location, soil classification, soil description (using pedon pc software program) and laboratory and field measured soil properties of each pedon (using lab data software program), and laboratory methods used.

b. Identify and characterize benchmark soils and landscapes with NCSS partners.

Objective 5

a. Participate in state, regional and national soil and land judging competitions.

b. Develop K-12 educational activities for soil processes and functions.

c. Provide training for certification and continuing educational programs for stakeholders.

d. Train the next generation of soil scientists.

e. Direct graduate research on soil landscape functions.

Objective 6

a. Contribute articles to NCSS newsletters and Soil Survey Horizons.

b. Contribute articles to journals in ancillary disciplines such as engineering, range, geosciences, forestry and ecological sciences.

c. Provide outreach activities through MLRA workshops, field days, seminars, etc.

Expected Outcomes and Impacts

Projected Participation

View Appendix E: Participation

Educational Plan

Traditionally, much of the outreach education of this committee has been indirect, largely through publications from the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS), formerly the Soil Conservation Service (SCS), and University Extension.

1. Produce educational soil interpretation materials for specific land uses, including agronomic and silviculture, on-site waste disposal, wetland identification, soil erosion control and tillage management, and understanding the temporal and spatially variable attributes of soil systems. These guides will explain cause-and-effect dynamics as well as providing information for interpretations.

2. Produce web-based educational models that focus on soil-water dynamics, soil erosion, and the synergisms among soils, landforms and living organisms.

3. Develop educational materials for use in grades K-12 with the intention of making science more relevant, interesting and accessible to children and their teachers.

4. Continue to produce soil maps at a variety of scales and continue to provide information to ancillary agencies (NRCS and state groups such as Departments of Natural Resources and Departments of Conservation) for use in their educational outreach programs.

Organization/Governance

Organization/Governance
The committee will adopt the multi-state standard governance with the election of a chair, a chair-elect, and a secretary. All officers elected will serve two-year terms to provide continuity.

Literature Cited

Peer-Reviewed Articles (2004 to 2008)

Alba-De, S., Lindstrom, M.J., Schumacher, T.E., and Malo, D.D. 2004. Soil Landscape Evolution Due to Soil Redistribution by Tillage: A New Conceptual Model of Soil Catena Evolution in Agricultural Landscapes. Catena 58:77-100.

Barak, P., and E.A. Nater. 2005. The Virtual Museum of Minerals and Molecules: Molecular Visualization in a Virtual Hands-On Museum. Journal of Natural Resources and Life Science Education 34:67-71.(on-line at: http://www.jnrlse.org/pdf/2005/E04-0042.pdf)

Bronick, C.J. and D.L. Mokma. 2005. Podzolization in a sand pit in northern Michigan. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 69:1757-1760.

Bronick, C.J., D.L. Mokma, H. Li, and S.A. Boyd. 2004. Recementation of crushed ortstein by blueberry leaf extract. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68:558-561.

Bronick, C.J., D.L. Mokma, and E.J. Hanson. 2004. Recementation of crushed ortstein by leaf extracts, selected organic acids, and a soil amendment. Hort Technology 14:218-222.

Bronick, C.J., D.L. Mokma, K. Kizilhaza, H. Li, and S.A. Boyd. 2004. Recementation of crushed ortstein by leaf extract from podzolizing and depodzolizing species. Soil Sci. 169:306-313.

Clay, D.E., Carlson, C.G., Clay, S.A., Chang, J. and Malo, D.D. 2005. Soil organic carbon maintenance in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) as influenced by elevation zone. J Soil and Water Conservation 60(6): 342-348.

D'Angelo, E.M., A.D. Karathanasis, J.E. Sparks, S.A. Ritchey, and S.A. Wehr-
McChesney. 2005. Soil Carbon and Microbial Communities at Mitigated and Late Succesional Bottomland Forest Wetlands. Wetlands, 25: 162-175.

Dolliver, H.A.S. and J.C. Bell. 2006. Using scientific visualization to represent soil hydrology dynamics. Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education 35:5-11.

Ellsbury, M.M., Clay, S.A., Clay, D.E., and Malo, D.D. 2004. Within-field Spatial Variation of Northern Corn Rootworm Distributions. Gottingen Rootworm Symposium. CABI Book Chapter 7:145-153.

Eynard, A., Schumacher, T.E., Lindstrom, M.J., and Malo, D.D. 2005. Effects of agricultural management systems on soil organic carbon in aggregates of Ustolls and Usterts. Soil Tillage Research 81:253-263.

Eynard, A., Schumacher, T.E., Lindstrom, M.J., and Malo, D.D. 2004. Porosity and Pore-size Distribution in Cultivated Ustolls and Usterts. SSSAJ 68:1927-1934.

Eynard, A., Schumacher, T.E., Lindstrom, M.J., and Malo, D.D. 2004. Aggregate Sizes and Stability in Cultivated Ustolls and Usterts of South Dakota Prairie. SSSAJ 68:1360-1365.

Eynard, A., Schumacher, T.E., Lindstrom, M.J., Malo, D.D., and Kohl, R.A. 2004. Wettability of Soil Aggregates from Cultivated and Uncultivated Usterts and Ustolls. Australian Journal of Soil Research 42:163-170.

Eynard, A., Schumacher, T.E., Lindstrom, M.J., Malo, D.D., and Kohl, R.A. 2006. Effects of aggregate structure and organic C on wettability of Ustolls. Soil Tillage Research 88:205-216.

Gennadiyev, A.N., S. S. Chernyanskii and K.R. Olson 2006. Quantitative assessment of man-induced soil erosion on archaelogical mounds in forest-steppe landscapes. p.13- 27. In. Problems of ancient agriculture and soil evolution within forest and steepe landscapes of Europe. Belgorod University Publishing House. Belgorod, Russia.

Gennadiyev, A.N., S.S. Chernyanskii, K.R. Olson, and R.G. Kovach. 2006 Use of magnetic spherules as indicators of mass-transfer process in soils. Herald Journal of Moscow State University, Geography. No. 3. 29-35.

Gennadiyev, A.N., V. N. Golosov, S. S. Chernyanskii, M.V. Markelov, K.R. Olson, R.G. Kovach and V.R. Belyaev. 2005. The concurrent use of radioactive and magnetic tracers for soil erosion quantification. Eurasian Soil Science 38:954-965.

Grossman J., and T. Cooper, 2004. Linking Environmental Science Students to External Community Partners. Journal of College Science Teaching. Vol xxxiii No. 6.

Gunal, H., and M.D. Ransom. 2005. Clay mineralogy, specific surface area and micromorphology of polygenetic soils from eastern Kansas. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 51:459-468.

Gunal, H., and M.D. Ransom. 2006. Genesis and micromorphology of loess-derived soils from central Kansas. Catena 65:222-236.

Gunal, H., and M.D. Ransom. 2006. Clay illuviation and calcium carbonate accumulation along a precipitation gradient in Kansas. Catena 68:59-69.

Guretzky, J.A., K.J. Moore, C.L. Burras and E.C. Brummer. 2004. Distribution of legumes along gradients of slope and electrical conductivity in pastures. Agron. J. 96:547-555.

Hartsock, N.J., T.G.Mueller, A.D. Karathanasis, and P.L. Cornelius. 2005. Interpreting Electrical Conductivity and Terrain Attribute Variability with Soil Surveys. J. Precision Agriculture, 6:53-72.

Jeremiason, J.D., D.R. Engstrom, E.B. Swain, E.A. Nater, B.M. Johnson, J.E. Almendinger, B.A. Monson, and R.K. Kolka. 2006. Sulfate addition increases methylmercury export from an experimental wetland. Environmental Science & Technology 40(12):3800-3806.

Jordan, D., R.J.Miles, V.C. Hubbard, and T. Lorenz. 2004. Effect of management practices and cropping systems on earthworm abundance and microbial activity in Sanborn Field. Pedobiologia Journal 48: 99-110.

Karathanasis, A.D. 2006. Comments on Transport of Biosolids in Waste-Amended Soils, A.D. Karathanasis et al., Letters to the Editor, J. Environ. Qual., 35: 1-2.

Karathanasis, A.D. 2006. Soil Mineralogy. in Land Use and Land Cover, from Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO, Eolss Publishers, Oxford ,UK, [http://www.eolss.net].

Karathanasis, A.D. 2008. Thermal Analysis of Soil Minerals. P. 117-160, In A.L. Ulery and L.R. Drees (eds) Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 5- Mineralogical Methods, SSSA , Madison, WI.

Karathanasis, A.D. 2008. Structural Allocation of Clay Mineral Elemental Components. P. 465-483, In A.L. Ulery and L.R. Drees (eds) Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 5- Mineralogical Methods, SSSA , Madison, WI.

Karathanasis, A.D. and C. Johnson. 2006. Stability and Transportability of Biosolid Colloids Through Undisturbed Soil Monoliths. Geoderma, 130: 334-345.

Karathanasis, A.D. and C. Johnson. 2006. Subsurface Transport of Cd, Cr, and
Mo, Mediated by Biosolid Colloids. Sci. Total Environ., 354: 157-169.

Karathanasis, A.D., C. Johnson, and C.J. Matocha. 2005. Biosolid-Colloid
Mediated Transport of Cu, Zn, and Pb in Waste-Amended Soils. J. Environ. Qual., 34: 1153-1164.

Karathanasis, A.D., D.M.C. Johnson, and C.J. Matocha. 2007. Subsurface Transport of Heavy Metals Mediated by Biosolid Colloids in Waste-Amended Soils. P. 175-201. In F. Frimmel, F. von der Kammer, and H.C. Flemming (eds.) Colloidal Transport in Porous Media. Springer.

Karathanasis, A.D., T.G. Mueller, B. Boone, and Y.L. Thompson. 2006. Nutrient Removal from Septic Effluents as Affected by Soil Thickness and Texture. J. Water & Health, 04.2:177-195.

Karathanasis, A.D., T.G. Mueller, B. Boone, and Y.L. Thompson. 2006. Effect of Soil Depth and Texture on Fecal Bacteria Removal from Septic Effluents. J. Water & Health, 04.3: 395-404.

Karathanasis, A.D., and J.R.V. Pils. 2005. Solid-Phase Fractionation of Selected Trace Metals in Some Northern Kentucky Soils. J. Soil & Sedim. Contam., 14: 293-308.

Karlstrom, E.T., C.G. Oviatt, and M.D. Ransom. 2007. Paleoenvironmental interpretation of multiple soil-loess sequence at Milford Reservoir, northeastern Kansas. Catena 72:113-128.

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Lin, H., D. Wheeler, J. Bell, and L. Wilding. 2004. Assessment of soil spatial variability at multiple scales. Ecological Modeling. Vol. 182:3-4, pp. 271-290.

Lindbo, D.L., R.Miles, and D. Presley. 2008. Principles of site evaluation. p. xxx-xxx, In S.D. Logsdon et al. (ed.) Soil Science: Step-by-sep field analysis. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI. (in press).

Lindbo, D.L., D. Presley, R. Miles, and N. Ransom. 2008. Soil Profile Description. p. xxx-xxx, In S.D. Logsdon et al. (ed.) Soil Science: Step-by-sep field analysis. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI. (in press).

Loynachan, T,, Brown, K. Cooper, T., Kimble, J., Milford, M., Smith, D. 2005. Soils, Society, and the Environment; American Geological Institute, ISBN 0-922152-74-8, Alexandria, Va

Maharaj, S., C.D. Barton, A.D. Karathanasis, H.D. Rowe, and S.M. Rimmer. 2007. Distinguishing "New" from "Old" Organic Carbon on Reclaimed Coal Mine Sites Using Thermogravimetry: II. Field validation. Soil Science 172: 302-312.

Maharaj, S., C.D. Barton, A.D. Karathanasis, H.D. Rowe, and S.M. Rimmer. 2007.
Distinguishing "New" from "Old" Organic Carbon on Reclaimed Coal Mine Sites Using Thermogravimetry: I. Method Development. Soil Science 172: 292-301.

Malo, D.D., Schumacher, T.E., and Doolittle, J.J. 2005. Long-term cultivation impacts on selected soil properties in the northern Great Plains. Soil Tillage Research 81:277-291.

Matocha, C.J., A.D. Karathanasis, S. Rakshit, and K. M. Wagner. 2005. Reduction of Cu(II) by Fe(II). J. Environ. Qual. 34: 1539-1546.

McMichael, J., C.L. Burras and S.A. Wills. 2007. Understanding pasture quality, soil quality and soil carbon content relationships in south central Iowa. R. Drake (Ed.). Proc. 3rd Natl. Conf. Grazing Lands. USDA-NRCS Grazing Lands Initiative, Davis, OK. p. 194-196.

Mokma, D.L., M. Yli-Halla, and K. Lindquist. 2004. Podzol formation in sandy soils of Finland. Geoderma 120:259-272.

Motavalli, P.P., M.D. Patton, and R.J. Miles. 2007. Use of Web-Based Student Extension Publications to Improve Undergraduate Student Writing Skills. J. Nat. Resour. Life Sci. Educ. 36:95-102.

Mueller, T.G., H. Cetin, R.A. Fleming, C.R. Dillon, A.D. Karathanasis, and S.A. Shearer. 2005. Erosion probability maps: Calibrating Precision Agriculture Data with Soil Surveys Using Logistic Regression. J. Soil Water Conserv., 60: 462-468.

Mueller, T.G., S.R.K. Dhanikonda, N.B. Pusuluri, A.D. Karathanasis, K.K. Mathias, B. Mijatovic, and B.G. Sears. 2005. Optimizing Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation with Cross-Validation. Soil Sci., 170: 504-515.

Myers, D. Brenton, Newell Kitchen, Kenneth J. Sudduth, Robert A. Sharp, and Randall J. Miles. 2007. Soybean Root Distribution Related to Claypan Soil Properties and Apparent Soil Conductivity. Crop Sci. 47:1498-1509

Olson, K.R. 2007. Soil organic carbon storage in southern Illinois woodland and cropland. Soil
Science 172:623-630.

Olson, K.R. 2006. Soils and Geology, revised. p. 752-754. In. R. Lal (ed).
Encyclopedia of Soil Science. Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Olson, K.R. 2006. Soils and Modern Civilization, revised. p. 1099-1102. In. R. Lal (ed). Encyclopedia of Soil Science. Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Olson, K.R. 2005. Parent material as a soil forming factor. p. 532-536. In. D. Hillel (ed). Encyclopedia of Soils and the Environment. Academic Press, Elsevier.

Olson, K.R., A.N. Gennadiyev, and V. N. Golosov. 2008. Comparison of fly ash and radio- cesium tracer methods to assess soil erosion and deposition in Illinois landscapes (USA). Soil
Sci. Vol. 173:575-586.

Olson, K.R., and R.L. Jones. 2005. Carbon and fly ash distributions in eroded phases of soils. Soil and Tillage Research 81: 143-153.

Olson, K.R. R.L. Jones, A.N. Gennadiyev, S. Chernyanskii, W.I. Woods, and J.M. Lang. 2006. Fly ash distribution to assess erosion and deposition in an Illinois landscape. Soil and
Tillage 89:155-166.

Olson, K.R., R.L. Jones, and J.M. Lang. 2004. Assessment of soil disturbance using magnetic susceptibility and fly ash contents on a Mississippian mound in Illinois. Soil Science 169:737-744.

Olson, K.R., R.L. Jones, and J.M. Lang. 2005. Soil Formation at Millstone Bluff and Johnson Ridge in Southern Illinois. Soil Science 170: 457-468.

Olson, K.R., and J.M. Lang. 2004. Impacts of conservation tillage systems on maize and soybean yields of eroded Illinois soils. Pakistan Journal of Agronomy 3(1):31-35.

Olson, K.R. and J.M. Lang. 2005. Equations for predicting grain crop yields and
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Olson, K.R., J.M. Lang, and S.A. Ebelhar. 2005. Changes in soil carbon storage under long-term tillage and no-tillage plots. Soil and Tillage Research 81:217-225.

Papiernik, S. K., Lindstrom, M. J., Schumacher, T. E., Schumacher, J. A., Malo, D. D., and Lobb, D. A. 2007. Characterization of Soil Profiles in a Landscape Affected by Long-Term Tillage. 93:335-345. Soil Tillage Research

Pils, J.R.V., A.D. Karathanasis, and T.G. Mueller. 2004. Concentration of Six Trace Metals in Northern Kentucky Soils. J. Soil & Sedim. Contam., 13:37-51.

Reicosky, D.C., Lindstrom, M.J., Schumacher, T.E., Lobb, D.E., and Malo, D.D. 2005. Tillage-induced CO2 loss across an eroded landscape. Soil Tillage Research 81:183-194.

Presley, D. Ricks, M.D. Ransom, G.J. Kluitenberg, and P.R. Finnell. 2004. Effects of thirty years of irrigation on the genesis and morphology of two semi-arid soils in Kansas. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68:1916-1926.

Robinson, J., A.D. Karathanasis, and E. DAngelo. 2006. Solution Geochemistry Gradients in an Acid Mine Drainage Wetland Substrate. P. 142-149, In K.S. Sajwan, I. Twardowska, T. Punson, and A.K. Alva (eds.), Coal Combustion Byproducts and Environmental Issues. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.

Sandor, J., C.L. Burras and M. Thompson. 2005. Factors of soil formation:Human impacts. D. Hillel (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment. Elsevier, Ltd., Oxford, UK. p. 520-532.

Schumacher, T.E., Eynard, A., Lindstrom, M.J., Schumacher, J.A., Papiernik, S.K., Malo, D.D., Kohl, R.A., and Lobb, D.A. 2006. Aggregate wettability and stability in an eroded landscape. Proceedings of ISTRO 17: Sustainability: Its Impact on Soil Management and Environment. pp. 1474-1479. ISBN 3-9811134-0-3.

Smeck, N.E. and C.L. Burras. 2006. Soils in time and space. R. Lal (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Soil Science. 2nd. Ed. p. 1648-1652.

Tarr, A.B., K.J. Moore, C.L. Burras, D.G. Bullock and P.M. Dixon. 2005. Improving map accuracy of soil variables using soil electrical conductivity as a covariate. Prec. Ag. 6:255-270.

Thompson, Y.L., B. C. Sandefur, and A.D. Karathanasis. 2007. Hydrologic and Edaphic Characteristics of three Mountain Wetlands in Southeastern Kentucky, USA. Wetlands 27: 174-188.

Thompson, Y.L., B. C. Sandefur, A.D. Karathanasis and E.M. D'Angelo. 2008. Redox Potential and Seasonal Porewater Geochemistry of Three Mountain Wetlands in Southeastern, Kentucky, USA. Aquatic Geochem. (in press).

Werkmeister, C.E., Malo, D.D., Schumacher, T.E., Doolittle, J.J., and Miller, G.C. 2007. Testing durability of acid rock passivation to root system activity within greenhouse columns. Proceedings of the 2007 National Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation, Gillette, WY, 30 Years of SMCRA and Beyond June 2-7, 2007. R.I. Barnhisel (Ed.) publisher: ASMR, 3134 Montavesta Rd., Lexington, KY 40502.

Wills, S.A., C.L. Burras and J.A. Sandor. 2007. Prediction of soil organic carbon content using field and laboratory measurements of soil color. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 71:380-388.

Yli-Halla, M., D.L. Mokma, L.P. Wilding and L.R. Drees. 2006. Formation of a cultivated Spodosol in east-central Finland. Agricultural and Food Science in Finland 15:12-22.

Non-refereed research, teaching and extension publications

Anderson, J., Bell, J.,Wheeler, D., Larson, G., Steffen, K., Whited, M. and A. Giencke, 2008. Seasonal Saturation and Landscapes - a compendium of NCSS, MAES and Wet Soil Monitoring data from the past 4 decades.

Bidwell, O.W., and M.D. Ransom. 2006. Soil classification and soil survey. p. 115 - 124. In G.L. Posler and G. M. Paulsen (ed.). K-State Agronomy Centennial: 1906 - 2006 A century remembered. Kansas State University, Agricultural Experiment Station & Cooperative Extension Service, Manhattan, KS.

Blue, R.A. 2006. Influence of Time, Temperature, and Carbon Level on the Development of Hydric Soil Characteristics in Saturated Soil Material Systems. MS thesis. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007.

Brummer, E.C. and C.L. Burras. 2007. Switchgrass production in Iowa: Soil suitability and varietal performance. Final Report, Bioenergy Feedstock Development Program Oak Ridge National Laboratory (DE-FC36-96GO10148). 23 pages.

Burras, C.L., J.M. McLaughlin, S.A. Wills, M. Barker and E.C. Brummer. 2005. Soil carbon and quality in Seymour and Clarinda soil map units, Chariton Valley, Iowa. Final Report, Chariton Valley RC&D (ISU Project 400-41-71-4216). 64 pages.

Deal, N., J. Buchanan, K. Farrell-Poe, M. Gross, D. Gustafson, D. Kalen, B. Lesikar, D. Lindbo, G. Loomis, J. Mechell, R. Miles, and C. O'Neill. 2007. Speaking the Same Language: A Glossary for the Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Field. ASABE Eleventh National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASABE Publication Number 701p1107.

Etnier, C., D. Braun, A. Grenier, A. Macrellis, R.J. Miles, And T.C. White. 2006. Micro-Scale Evaluation of Phosphorus Management: Alternative Wastewater Systems Evaluation. Project No. WU-HT-03-22. Prepared for the National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project. Washington University, St. Louis, MO, by Stone Environmental, Inc., Montpelier, VT.

Greene, S, D.L. Lindbo, M. H. Stolt, R. Miles, D.L. Mokma and M.T. Hoover. 2005. 3. Field Description of Soils: Mineralogy and Consistence-Power Point Presentation. in D.L. Lindbo and N.E. Deal eds.) Model Decentralized Wastewater Practitioner. Curriculum. National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.

Karathanasis, A.D. 2006. Descriptions and Complete Laboratory Characterization Data for Some Soils in Kentucky. Special Report 100, UK Agr. Exp. Station, University of Kentucky, p. 106, January 2006. (http://www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/sr/sr100/sr100.pdf).

Karathanasis, A.D. 2006. Descriptions and Reference Laboratory Characterization Data for Some Soils in Kentucky. Special Report 101, UK Agr. Exp. Station, University of Kentucky, p. 94, January 2006. (http://www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/sr/sr101/sr101.pdf)

Lindbo, D.L., M.T. Hoover, P. Trotta, M. H. Stolt, R. Miles, D.L. Mokma, and S. Greene. 2005. 4. Principles of Site Evaluation-Power Point Presentation. in (D.L. Lindbo and N.E. Deal eds.) Model Decentralized Wastewater Practitioner. Curriculum. National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.

Lindbo, D. L., R. Miles, D. Mokma, M. Stolt, and S. Greene. 2005. Soil and Site Evaluation Module Text. in (D.L. Lindbo and N.E. Deal eds.) Model Decentralized Wastewater Practitioner. Curriculum. National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.

Lindbo, D.L., M. Stolt, R. Miles, and D. Mokma. 2005. 1. Introductions to Soils-Power Point Presentation. in (D.L. Lindbo and N.E. Deal eds.) Model Decentralized Wastewater Practitioner. Curriculum. National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.

Lindbo, D.L., M. Stolt, R. Miles, and D. Mokma. 2005. 2. Soil Geomorphology-Power Point Presentation. in (D.L. Lindbo and N.E. Deal eds.) Model Decentralized Wastewater Practitioner. Curriculum. National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.

Lindbo, D.L., M. H. Stolt, R. Miles, and D.L. Mokma. 2005. 3. Field Description of Soils: Introduction-Power Point Presentation. in (D.L. Lindbo and N.E. Deal eds.) Model Decentralized Wastewater Practitioner. Curriculum. National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.

Lindbo, D.L., M. H. Stolt, R. Miles, and D.L. Mokma. 2005. 3. Field Description of Soils: Color-Power Point Presentation. in (D.L. Lindbo and N.E. Deal eds.) Model Decentralized Wastewater Practitioner. Curriculum. National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.

Lindbo, D.L., M. H. Stolt, R. Miles, and D.L. Mokma. 2005. 3. Field Description of Soils: Soil Morphology and Chemistry-Power Point Presentation. in (D.L. Lindbo and N.E. Deal eds.) Model Decentralized Wastewater Practitioner. Curriculum. National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.

Lindbo, D.L., M. H. Stolt, R. Miles, and D.L. Mokma. 2005. 3. Field Description of Soils: Soil Horizons-Power Point Presentation. in (D.L. Lindbo and N.E. Deal eds.) Model Decentralized Wastewater Practitioner. Curriculum. National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.

Lindbo, D.L., M. H. Stolt, R. Miles and D.L. Mokma. 2005. 6. Soil Wetness and Monitoring- Power Point Presentation. in (D.L. Lindbo and N.E. Deal eds.) Model Decentralized Wastewater Practitioner. Curriculum. National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity.Development Project North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.

Lindbo, D.L., M. Stolt, R. Miles, D. Mokma, S. Green, and M. Hoover. 2005. 2. Soil Systems of the South East-Power Point Presentation. in (D.L. Lindbo and N.E. Deal eds.) Model Decentralized Wastewater Practitioner. Curriculum. National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.

Lindbo, D.L., M. H. Stolt, R. Miles, D.L. Mokma, and S. Greene. 2005. 3. Field Descripion of Soils: Problem Areas-Power Point Presentation. in (D.L. Lindbo and N.E. Deal eds.) Model Decentralized Wastewater Practitioner. Curriculum. National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.

Malo, D.D. 2004. SD Soil Productivity Rating System. PAASD, ASFMRA, and PAASD Annual Meetings. March 12, 2004. Mitchell, SD.

Malo, D.D. 2004. UAC-Progress in Action. In 2004 UAC-SDSU Annual Report. Plant Science Department. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141.

Malo, D.D. 2005. Introductory Soils (7th edition). Plant Science Department. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141.

Malo, D.D. 2007. Introductory Soils. 8th Edition. Plant Science Department. South Dakota State University, Brooking 57007-2141.

Malo, D.D., Clay, D.E., Doolittle, J.J., and Reese, C.L. 2006. Soils Laboratory Manual (35th Edition). Plant Science Department. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141.

Malo, D.D., Clay, D.E., and Reese, C.L. 2007. Soils Laboratory Manual (36th Edition). Plant Science Department. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141.

Malo, D.D. and Doolittle, J.J. 2004. Introductory Soils. 6th edition. Plant Science Department. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141.

Malo, D.D., Doolittle, J.J., and Clay, D.E. 2004. Soils Laboratory Manual. 33rd Edition. Plant Science Department. SDSU. Brookings 57007-2141.

Malo, D.D., Doolittle, J.J., Clay, D.E., and Reese, C.L. 2005. Soils Laboratory Manual (34th Edition). Plant Science Department. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141.

Malo, D.D., Doolittle, J.J., Cooley, K.E., Millar, J.B., Schaar, J.M., Schaefer Jr. W.T., Miller, D.M., Shurtliff, D.R., Brady, D.J., and Westerman, J.W. 2005. Region 5 Collegiate Soil Judging Handbook. Plant Science Pamphlet 22. Plant Science Department. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141.

Malo, D.D., Filholm, M.G., Wessel, M.K., and Owens, C.J. or Korleski, B.J. 2004. Beadle, Brule, Faulk, Haakon, Hand, Hyde, Hughes, Jerauld, Jones, Lyman, Mellette, Potter, Stanley, Sully, Todd, Tripp, Ziebach (1938-1954) Counties, SD Air Photos. Pedology CD 04-1 through CD 04-67. Plant Science Department. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141. (A series of 67 CDs with approximately 180 images on each CD.)

Malo, D.D., Filholm, M.G., and Owens, C.J. or Korleski, B.J. 2004. Edmunds, Faulk, Grant, McPherson, Spink (1939-1953) Counties, SD Air Photos. Pedology CD 05-1 through CD 05-18. Plant Science Department. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141. (A series of 18 CDs with approximately 160 images on each CD.)

Malo, D.D., Filholm, M.G., and Owens, C.J. 2006. Davison, Douglas, Grant, Hutchinson, Lake, Minnehaha, Moody, and Sanborn (1940-1956) Counties, SD Air Photos. Pedology CD 06-3 through CD 06-12. Plant Science Department. South Dakota State University. Brookings 57007-2141. (A series of 10 CDs with approximately 170 images on each CD.)

Miles, R., D.L. Lindbo, M.H. Stolt, D.L. Mokma, and S. Greene. 2005. 3. Field Description of Soils: Structure-Power Point Presentation. in (D.L. Lindbo and N.E. Deal eds.) Model Decentralized Wastewater Practitioner Curriculum. National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.

Miles, R. J., R. Rubin, and L. T. West. 2007. Fecal Coliform Numbers Around Pressure Dosed Septic Tank Effluent Soil Trenches in Missouri and North Carolina. ASABE Eleventh National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASABE Publication Number 701p1107.

Miles R.J., D.M. Sievers, J. Gaughan and P. Johnson Curriculum. National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. 2004. A Certification Program for the Inspection and Evaluation of Existing Onsite Wastewater Systems for Loan Transactions. Pp. 59-67. Onsite Wastewater Treatment X Proceedings of the Tenth National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems. K. Mankin, editor. American Society of Agricultural Engineers.

Mokma, D. L. 2005. Organic soils. 3:118-129. In: D. Hillel et al. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment. Oxford, UK.

Mokma, D.L. Lindbo, D.L., M. H. Stolt, and R. Miles,. 2005. 6. Restrictive Horizons-Power Point Presentation. in (D.L. Lindbo and N.E. Deal eds.) Model Decentralized Wastewater Practitioner. Curriculum. National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.

Olson, K.R. and T. E. Fenton. 2006. Contributions of North Central Regional Committee 3 to Regional and National Soil Survey Program. Soil Science Society of America. Soil Survey Horizons 47:61-64.

Olson, K.R., T.E. Fenton, N.E. Smeck, R.D. Hammer, M.D. Ransom, C.W. Zanner, R. McLeese and M.T. Sucik. 2005. Classification, identification, mapping and interpretation of eroded Mollisols in Midwest of the United States. Soil Survey Horizons 46:23-35.

Olson, K.R., T.E. Fenton, N.E. Smeck, R.D. Hammer, M.D. Ransom, C.W. Zanner, R. McLeese and M.T. Sucik. 2005. Proposed modification of mollic epipedon thickness criteria for eroded conditions and potential impacts on existing soil classifications. Soil Survey Horizons 46:39-47.

Olson, K. R. R.L. Jones, A.N. Gennadiyev, S. Chernyanskii, W.I. Woods and J. M.
Lang. 2005. Tillage inducted erosion on a mound at Cahokia archaeological site, Soil Science Society of America. Soil Survey Horizons 46:146-160.

Presley, D. R., M.D. Ransom, and W.A. Wehmueller. 2006. Geomorphology and parent material relationships: Refining second order soil surveys in Kansas using GIS and terrain analysis. 18th World Congress of Soil Science, Philadelphia, PA, July 9 -15, 2006.

Shroyer, J., C. Bensch, K. Donnelly, J. Foltz, D. Hermel, M. Knapp, D. Kohake, K. McVay, M. Ransom, D. Ricks, J Schmidt, J. Tatarko, and D. Wood. 2004. Kids Field Day: A Virtual Site for Kid's to Learn about Agronomy. http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/fieldday/kids/

Stolt, M. H., Lindbo, D.L, R. Miles, and D.L. Mokma. 2005. 2. Glacial Landforms-Power Point Presentation. in (D.L. Lindbo and N.E. Deal eds.) Model Decentralized Wastewater Practitioner. Curriculum. National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.

Stolt, M. H., Lindbo, D.L, R. Miles, D.L. Mokma, and S. Greene. 2005. 3. Field Description of Soils: Texture-Power Point Presentation. in (D.L. Lindbo and N.E. Deal eds.) Model Decentralized Wastewater Practitioner. Curriculum. National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.

Tyler, E.J., D.L. Mokma, and M. Corry. 2004. Soil performance for model code development. In On-site Wastewater Treatment, Proc. 10th Natl. Symp. on Individual and Small Comm. Sewage Systems. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI. pp. 191-200.

Attachments

Land Grant Participating States/Institutions

AR, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, MI, MN, ND, NE, OH, SD

Non Land Grant Participating States/Institutions

USDA-NRCS, USDA/NRCS, NSSC