Annual/Termination Reports:

[11/14/2007] [10/27/2008] [01/05/2009] [10/04/2010] [11/30/2011] [12/13/2012]

Report Information

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

Due to the volume of information and data collected in 2007 and SAES-422 report space limitations, please refer to the "Additional Documents" section of the NCERA93 project homepage at:

http://lgu.umd.edu/lgu_v2/homepages/home.cfm?trackID=7876

Accomplishments

Publications

Impact Statements

1. Systemic induced resistance against a defoliating insect induced by a fungal pathogen in pine, and vice versa, was demonstrated under variable nutrient availability. This is the first report of this phenomenon in a conifer or any other tree.
2. Analysis of biochemical mechanisms of resistance in pine has identified soluble phenolics and lignin as the likely primary sources of resistance to fungal pathogens in planta. Terpenoids may be associated with resistance to insect attack.
3. Analysis of biochemical responses of coast live oak to Phytophthora ramorum has identified several soluble phenolics that will be used as potential biomarkers of resistance.
4. Chokecherry plants that resist X-disease would improve natural and agricultural resource conservation. Success in our on-going efforts to find and develop X-disease tolerance in chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) would lead to it becoming the most important resource conservation shrub in the region, resulting in reduced soil erosion, improved water quality, greater wildlife benefits, and increased crop and livestock profits. In addition, it would remove the major obstacle for development of chokecherry orchards as a specialty crop, as has become popular in adjacent Canada.
5. Characterization of hardiness and stress tolerance of Dutch elm disease-resistant elms would improve urban forests in each region of the United States. Each regional site in this national study is being used to demonstrate the response of multiple Dutch elm disease resistant elm cultivars to the specific sets of environmental and biotic stresses that might affect them. Distribution of this information to urban foresters, tree nurseries, landscape planners, and the public will result in renewed acceptance of elms and in invaluable species diversity in our urban forests.
6. Characterization of the role and biology of Stigmina lautii on spruce needles will allow decisions to be made on whether or how to manage infection by the fungus. Such information is aiding in management of the millions of dollars worth of spruce in ornamental and forestry plantings and millions of dollars worth of resources protected by spruce in resource conservation plantings.
7. Surveys of wild Amelanchier plants is characterizing variability of this genus in North Dakota as it relates to condition of the resource and potential selection of plant material for the fruit and landscape industry. This project will identify at least one improved horticultural variety of juneberry for public release. The anticipated outcome of the released plant material will be improved profitability of commercial juneberry production in the US through higher yields, higher quality, and/or reduced production expense.
8. We are studying the movement of firewood in the state and region to determine the risk of moving insects and pathogens by this pathway. In cooperation with State and Federal agencies we have an active detection and education program on the risk of EAB movement. In a western U.S. survey, thirty eight percent of the retail store sold firewood was apparently from outside the state it was being sold in. We are determining if the new exotic banded elm bark beetle is a vector of the Dutch elm disease pathogen. This information will be important to future elm management especially in light of the National Elm Trial results. We are coordinating the National Elm Trial at 16 states. One of the biggest issue brought to light with the EAB studies is that there are no reliable number of ash trees at risk in the west or the amount of nursery stock or firewood movement into and with the western region so assessing risk is difficult.

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Report Information

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

Publications

Impact Statements

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Report Information

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

Activities, outcomes and accomplishments can be found in the file under <State Reports> located in summary of minutes.

Publications

Impact Statements

1. The positive identification of BLS and PD vectors in Oklahoma will help nursery and vineyard personnel monitor for their presence at key times during the growing season. This information will allow for correct timing of insecticide sprays to manage these pests when they are present in the landscape.
2. Current management strategies for white grubs in turfgrass involve both preventative and remedial insecticide treatments. Because different white grub species, especially in the genus Phyllophaga, emerge at different times throughout the summer, knowledge of which species are most prevalent at a given location can help landscape managers, golf course superintendents, sod farmers, and homeowners more precisely time insecticide applications to gain the most effective white grub control and reduce chemical inputs in the long run.
3. Current management strategies for fall webworms and other defoliating caterpillars involve chemistries that are targeted by EPA for cancelled registration under FQPA guidelines. These include organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids. Nursery personnel and other tree care professionals rely on effective alternatives to replace these standard products for caterpillar pest control. These new chemistries promise to be safer for the applicator, non-target organisms, and the environment than conventional products.
4. Current research projects provides additional information to industry cooperators regarding natural enemy efficacy.
5. Projects evaluating new chemistry versus industry standards clarify which are viable alternatives for use in pesticide resistance management strategies.
6. Texas AgriLife Extension outreach education programs continue to provide integrated pest management (IPM) information for managing insect and mite pests of landscape turf and ornamental design and maintenance, particularly through web sites including http://LandscapeIPM.tamu.edu and http://eXtension.org/fire+ants. Information is designed to allow users to make better choices for implementing cost-effective and environmentally sound control tactics for managing arthropod pest outbreaks. New exotic pests in Texas, including the pink hibiscus mealybug, chili thrips and Raspberry crazy ant (http://urbanentomology.tamu.edu) are being monitored and management tactics are under development and evaluation. Economic impact of these exotic invaders has yet to be determined.
7. We are studying the movement of firewood in the region to determine the risk of moving insects and pathogens by this pathway. Forty to sixty five percent of retail firewood is from out of state based on packaging labels. Five to thirty five percent of campers bring firewood to National Parks from out of state.

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Report Information

Participants

Cranshaw, Whitney (whitney.cranshaw@colostate.edu)- Colorado State University;
Jacobi, William (william.jacobi@colostate.edu) - Colorado State University;
Walla, James (j.walla@ndsu.edu)- North Dakota State University;
Kennelly, Megan (kennelly@ksu.edu) - Kansas State University;
Sclar, Casey (csclar@longwoodgardens.org) - Longwood Gardens;
Drees, Bart (b-drees@tamu.edu) - Texas A&M;
Kunkel, Brian (bakunkel@udel.edu) - University of Delaware;
Liesch, Patrick (pleisch@uwalumni.com) - University of Wisconsin;
Payne, Thomas (paynet@missouri.edu) - University of Missouri;
Leaventry, Michael (mleventry@longwoodgardens.org) - Longwood Gardens;
Hartman, John (jhartman@uky.edu) - University of Kentucky;
Windam, Alan (awindha1@utk.edu) - University of Tennessee;
Fulcher, Amy - University of Tennessee

Brief Summary of Minutes

The minutes from the business component of the meeting are in the link to the attached file.

Accomplishments

The following accomplishments are related to our current objectives:<br /> <br /> <br /> 1. Encourage interaction of plant pathologists and entomologists in order to facilitate interdisciplinary approaches to managing pests of ornamental plants in nurseries, ornamental landscapes, and urban forests.<br /> <br /> <br /> 2. Develop environmentally sound IPM methods including cultural, biological, and selective chemical approaches for protecting nursery stock and landscape plants from damage by insects and diseases. <br /> <br /> <br /> 3. Coordinate and promote new and ongoing research and technology transfer projects dealing with insects and diseases affecting landscape plants of regional interest. <br /> <br /> <br /> 4. Develop multi-state IPM programs to help individual states deal with diseases and insect pests on the tremendous diversity of plant taxa produced in nurseries and planted in landscapes. <br /> <br /> <br /> 5. Facilitate regional coordination and technology transfer for management of exotic, invasive insect and pathogen pests that impact nurseries, landscapes, and urban forests. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The April 2010 review sent from Dr. Arlen Leholm and Christina Hamilton suggested summarizing project accomplishments rather than submitting individual state reports. Individual reports can be provided upon request. This document will summarize some highlights while also providing some details.<br /> <br /> <br /> SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES<br /> <br /> <br /> Arborists, diagnosticians, foresters, and other stakeholders have been trained by NCERA-193 members in the diagnosis and management of new pests and diseases such as emerald ash borer and thousand cankers disease of walnut, two key problems of woody plants that continue to increase their geographical range.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> OUTPUTS<br /> <br /> <br /> Please see separate publications link for a complete list of publication outputs. The committee has published numerous manuscripts, extension publications, trade publications, etc, on a diverse range of arthropod pests and diseases of landscape plants. Some highlights are listed here:<br /> <br /> <br /> Bill Jacobi completed a firewood survey in major national parks in Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming which clearly documented the risks of firewood movement. For example, more than half the firewood was brought in from other states, and more than half the wood contained insects including wood borers and bark beetles. Information has been presented to APHIS and is currently in review for publication in a journal. These facts will help NCERA-193 members work with regulatory agencies to address firewood movement. (Objectives 4 and 5)<br /> <br /> <br /> NCERA-193 members Herms and Smitley have published work related to emerald ash borer (see publications list) and Williamson is currently studying preventative and curative applications. (Objective 2)<br /> <br /> <br /> NCERA-193 member Hartman conducted and published work on the management of bacterial leaf scorch, and insect-vectored disease of shade trees, and shared the results at the recent NCERA-193 meeting. (Objective 3)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ACTIVITIES<br /> <br /> <br /> Group activities:<br /> <br /> <br /> Unfortunately budget constraints somewhat limited attendance at the 2010 meeting. However the committee is optimistic that participation will increase in 2011 and 2012. Several new potential members were identified and 2010 chair Kennelly has worked with Administrative Adviser Dr. Tom Payne to begin the official process to add two individuals to the committee. Other NCERA-193 members will be contacting 5-6 others that we have identified as candidates that would be valuable additions to the group.<br /> <br /> <br /> It should be noted that the committee communicates throughout the year via email. For example, members notify NCERA-193 colleagues about new publications, or to share images of unusual pest or disease issues that they are facing to get input from the group.<br /> <br /> <br /> Selected extension activities by the group in 2009-2010 include:<br /> <br /> <br /> NCERA-193 members Jacobi and Walla served as key leaders in the Great Plains Diagnostic Network tree health workshop in July 2010 where presenters instructed regional diagnosticians, foresters, regulators, and others in identification of native and exotic insects and disease including emerald ash borer, thousand cankers disease of walnut, and Stigmina needlecast of spruce. (Objectives 1 and 4)<br /> <br /> <br /> NCERA-193 members have conducted numerous training programs within their states to reach stakeholders such as arborists, nurserymen, homeowners, and rural landowners. For example, in Kansas, Kennelly and Cloyd have participated in two first detector trainings for emerald ash borer and thousand cankers disease, facilitated by information from NCERA-193 colleague Cranshaw. (Objectives 1 and 4)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Ongoing research:<br /> <br /> Chokecherry X disease: NCERA-193 member Walla is continuing work to identify and propagate clones of chokecherry with resistance to the X-disease phytoplasma. <br /> <br /> <br /> National Elm Trial: Partners are continuing to collect data on tree growth, vigor, quality, insect infestation, and diseases. Kentucky recently published a summary of insect infestation to date (see Potter et al in publication list). Colorado has also summarized their preliminary findings on leafminers, European elm scale, Eriosoma amercanum, and elm flea weevil. Next steps include consolidating data from multiple states and organizing it into a user-friendly format for nurserymen.<br /> <br /> <br /> Walnut Thousand Cankers: NCERA-193 member Cranshaw continues to be a national leader in the research of this newly described disease. The disease is caused by a fungus, Geosmithia morbida, that is vectored by the walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis. Research includes beetle life history, host range determination, and disease epidemiology/ecology.<br /> <br /> <br /> Bacterial leaf scorch: NCERA-193 member G. Adams is analyzing data from initial bacterial leaf scorch surveys in 2008 and 2009 and is expanding the project to include survey data from Ohio in 2011. Final results will be summarized and published.<br /> <br /> <br /> New reports, unusual outbreaks, etc, documented by the group:<br /> <br /> Dothistroma needle blight<br /> <br /> This disease was reported for the first time in North Dakota in 2010 by Walla. Walla is using molecular techniques to characterize and is initiating a new regional survey to collect Dothistroma isolates for molecular techniques, as Dothistroma pini and Dothistroma septosporum cannot be distinguished using classical microscopic or cultural techniques.<br /> <br /> <br /> Mystery Mealybug on Turfgrass. <br /> <br /> Reported from San Antonio, TX, in Aug. 2010, this unidentified mealybug appears to be different than the Rhodesgrass mealybug because waxy residue occurs along leaves in turfgrass areas. <br /> <br /> Asian Woolly Hackberry Aphids. <br /> <br /> Shivaphis celti Das (Hemiptera: Aphididae), have been abundant on certain hackberry trees throughout the coastal area of Texas for a number of years. In 2010, trees were observed with sooty mold covered foliage and heavy aphid populations which resulted in partial defoliation. Nearby hackberry trees seemed unaffected. This appears to be an introduced species. A fact sheet is available on: http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi/enpp/ento/entcirc/ent392.pdf <br /> <br /> Bur oak blight-Iowa:<br /> <br /> Bur oak blight (BOB), caused by several species of fungi in the genus Tubakia, was increasingly common on bur oak in Iowa in 2010. Many bur oak samples are arriving at the Plant Disease and Insect clinic with clients wondering if the problem is oak wilt, oak decline or bur oak blight. In most of the cases the problem is bur oak blight, or BOB for short. This is a fungal disease of oaks that has been noted in Iowa and neighboring states since at least the early 2000s. Tom Harrington, Iowa State University professor of plant pathology, named the disease and indicates that it is caused by an undescribed species of Tubakia. <br /> <br /> What is known so far about BOB. Dr. Harrington has found at least three species of Tubakia on oak in Iowa: the Tubakia species associated with BOB; Tubakia dryina, which was previously shown to cause leaf spots and vein-browning of leaves of white and bur oak; and a common leaf-spot fungus on red oaks caused by Tubakia castinicolum. So far, rapid death of leaf veins and death of leaves has been found only in association with the unnamed Tubakia species. <br /> The Tubakia species can move into twigs and branches where no symptoms are found but the fungus may overwinter in the tree and invade the new growth the next spring. However, the primary overwinter survival of the Tubakia species causing BOB seems to be the diseased leaves that were killed the year before. Many of the killed leaves persist on the tree through the following summer, and spores from the leaves can infect the next year's crop of leaves. Interestingly, the newly produced leaves look healthy for the first couple of months of the season and do not show symptoms until late July or August. It has been observed in general that trees seriously affected one year tend to be severely affected the next year, and the disease tends to intensify year after year. Severely affected trees begin to show branch mortality, perhaps associated with insect borers attacking the weakened trees. Other trees have apparently died directly because of bur oak blight. <br /> <br /> <br /> How widespread is this disease? According to Tom Harrington, BOB appears to be restricted to a sub-region of the Upper Midwest including Iowa, Nebraska, northern Illinois, and Wisconsin. The disease evidently becomes severe only on a strain of bur oak, characterized by small size of the acorn nut relative to the cap, which is prevalent in this region. In other parts of the native range, bur oak tends to have relatively prominent size of the nut relative to the cap; this genetic strain of the host appears to be more resistant to BOB.<br /> <br /> How should infected oaks be managed? There are no firm management recommendations at this point. However, maintenance of tree vigor may prolong the life of affected trees. Trees may be watered during dry periods, and mulching with wood chips around to the drip-line may help. Dr. Harrington is experimenting with propiconazole injections, but the jury is still out regarding efficacy and phytotoxicity.<br /> <br /> <br /> Extreme stress conditions: <br /> <br /> The 2010 growing season was the toughest in at least 25 years for woody plants and turfgrass in Iowa. Extremely heavy and persistent rainfall, accompanied by widespread flooding and exceptionally high temperatures, created prolonged periods of soil waterlogging and low-oxygen root zone conditions. A wide range of woody plants developed a wide range of stress symptoms, especially during the month or so after major flooding occurred in early August. We were inundated with calls, images, and samples from landscape conifers (particularly spruce species) that had developed browning or yellowing on current-year growth, older branches, or a mixture thereof. Symptoms developed on deciduous urban trees (particularly maples), too: necrotic and wilted shoot tips, premature fall coloration, etc. Most of the affected trees were not in flooded zones or obvious low spots in the landscape. The last time we saw such severe stress from prolonged wet soils was 1993, when there was widespread flooding in the Upper Midwest. In addition to the waterlogged-soils issue, foliar diseases of conifers and deciduous trees were severe in 2010. Three consecutive years of much-above-normal rainfall during the growing season (2008-2010) resulted in outbreaks of such diseases as brown spot needle blight (in Scots pine Christmas tree plantations), Dothistroma needle blight, and Rhizosphaera needlecast and spruce needle drop (SNEED) on blue spruce that were more severe than had been observed in Iowa since the mid-1980s. Anthracnose diseases on deciduous trees were also exceptionally severe and widespread. The wet weather also appeared to worsen bur oak blight.<br /> <br /> Waterlogged soils and subsequent root decline were also noted from Kansas in 2010.<br /> <br /> Pine wilt: Pine wilt continues to be a leading problem in Kansas. NCERA-193 member Kennelly is serving as a leader in a multi-agency pine wilt initiative to use scouting and sanitation to prevent establishment of pine wilt in western Kansas, and to study alternative conifers for use in windbreaks, shelterbelts, and landscapes.<br /> <br /> <br /> Pennsylvania and Delaware observations:<br /> <br /> <br /> Scale insects were some of the common pests encountered this year, especially soft scalessuch as Ceroplastes ceriferus (Indian wax scale), Toumeyella liriodendri (Tuliptree scale), and<br /> Pulvinaria scales (Cottony Taxus/Camellia Scale, Cottony Maple Scale). The Pulvinaria scales were more abundant than past years and weather conditions may play a factor. We received a<br /> number armored scale samples in the diagnostic lab this summer and they included pine needle,<br /> Fiorina, elongate hemlock, cryptomeria, Putnum, white prunicola, white peach, juniper,<br /> oystershell and Japanese maple scales (Lopholeucaspis japonica). Japanese maple scale<br /> infestations are becoming more prevalent in our area and have been recorded from many hosts<br /> including hollies, dogwoods, roses, cherry, pear and maple trees among others. Euonymus scale<br /> populations were down from previous years with no infestations being reported. Other sucking<br /> insect pests such as whiteflies, azalea lace bugs, hawthorn lace bugs, psyllids, aphids and<br /> hemlock woolly adelgids were minor problems reported during the year.<br /> <br /> Spider mite problems were rampant due to the drought. While warm season mites such as<br /> two-spotted spider mite were often observed, cool season spider mites were not problematic<br /> this past spring; however, several fall outbreaks are just being noted at this time. <br /> <br /> Chewing insects had an epic year, probably due to the late winter blanket of snow and the<br /> lack of extreme temperatures at that time. Cankerworms and other caterpillars of hardwoods<br /> were everywhere. While it was good to see many Luna moths and hickory horned devil<br /> caterpillars again, the amount of fall webworm and mimosa webworm were not so welcome.<br /> Cutworms and armyworms appeared in annuals and perennials early and often. Tobacco<br /> budworm was widespread in Nicotiana and geranium. Hibiscus, Rose Slug, and Dogwood<br /> Sawfly were also noteworthy this year in both PA and DE. Locust leafminer outbreaks often<br /> dominated in forested areas. Bagworm populations were spotty in Delaware this year versus<br /> the past couple of years and severe damage was observed on trees where trees were planted close<br /> together, thus dispersal from hatching locations was reduced. Flea beetle populations are still<br /> causing problems for nurserymen on the eastern shore of Maryland and Virginia. Living beech<br /> borer was found in New Castle County. Cossonus spp., a curculionid, was found infesting<br /> stressed Austrian pines in Sussex County.<br /> <br /> Japanese beetle populations were common in Sussex County while the other two<br /> counties only had a few random locations with notable populations. In 2009, Sussex had greater<br /> than four inches of rain each month during June, August, and September; thus their elevated<br /> populations may reflect the amounts of moisture available during oviposition and early instar<br /> development. Overall however, the beetle populations were low for 2010 in Delaware and SE<br /> Pennsylvania. The rainfall for during the summer-fall 2009 in southeastern PA was very scarce.<br /> As previously mentioned, summer-fall rainfall this year is similarly spotty, perhaps indicating<br /> that JB populations may remain low in 2011.<br /> <br /> Select Invasive species<br /> <br /> Emerald ash borer was very evident on the West Side of Pennsylvania, and reports<br /> came from Juniata, Mifflin, Union and late in the season Cumberland County. The last report occurs at a major 4 points interchange (PA Turnpike and US 11/15) for commercial trucking just west of Harrisburg, PA. I (Casey) think EAB is now present throughout PA and that it is only a<br /> matter of time before we find it. Weve attached a copy of Longwoods EAB management plan  a document that could be used by land managers as a proactive guide to plan for systematic protection, removal, and replacement of ash in managed landscapes  before its arrival.<br /> <br /> Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys) expanded its grasp as THE fall<br /> and winter household invader. Reports of damage to desirable fruit trees and vegetables  common in other states  were largely absent. Fall of 2009 had record numbers in the Eastern and Central Counties migrating and overwintering in homes. Egg masses and nymphal hatch were also abundant in summer and fall 2010. Damage to the invasive tree Paulownia tomentosa<br /> was the worst Ive (Casey) seen it this year. There were also reports of bark crack feeding on the trunks of trifoliate maple, although it was unclear whether this damage was actually caused by Halyomorpha halys. Master Gardeners throughout Delaware have reported this insect feeding on various vegetables in home gardens and calls regarding home invasions have begun. An infestation of Japanese Cedar Longhorned Beetle was detected in Cryptomeria at a<br /> Bucks Co., PA nursery. The specimens were reputed to come from a NJ wholesale nursery and were being held B&B for further distribution and sale.<br /> <br /> Diseases<br /> <br /> Sycamore anthracnose was very prevalent on susceptible London Planetrees and our native American sycamore. Most trees were defoliated early but recovered. We saw several outbreaks of Monilinia blight on Japanese quince causing dieback of twigs and causing blossom and twig blight on Kwanzan cherry. The pathogen was identified as Monilinia laxa by Dr. Schnabel at<br /> Clemson. This disease was very prevalent in New Castle County. We observed a record early detection (May 4) of powdery mildew on flowering dogwood this spring. Dutch elm disease was confirmed on Princeton American elm in several different sites by arborists this year. While this cultivar has been reported to have some resistance to DED in the past, it is not proving to be a reliable resistant cultivar in our region. Agdia confirmed the presence of tobacco<br /> rattle virus by PCR in Epimedium rubrum from a garden in southeast PA. This is the first time this has been confirmed in our area. Pythium and Fusarium crown rot were found infecting numerous perennials under drought stress (Vinca, Veronica,Cimicifuga, shasta daisy).<br /> <br /> Confirmed new reports- Downy mildew caused by Plasmopara helstedii on Rudbeckia and tar spot (Rhytisma sp.) on Ilex opaca, Australian willow (Geijera parviflora) was diagnosed with Nectria canker, and bacterial blight (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Hypoxylon canker is increasing in incidence in Delaware, on oak and other hardwoods.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> MILESTONES<br /> <br /> The next milestones include:<br /> <br /> 1) Developing a new template for arthropod data related to national elm trial. (Objective 3)<br /> <br /> 2) Compilation of bacterial leaf scorch survey (leader, G. Adams) conducted collaboratively by NCERA-193 members.<br /> <br /> 3) Active recruitment of new members, and promotion of attendance at future meetings.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

Publications

Publications are in the link to the attached pdf file.

Impact Statements

1. Programs conducted by the NCERA-193 members, including grounds maintenance conferences, pest control operator workshops, diagnostic workshops, Master Gardener training, in addition to on-line postings and newsletters, increase awareness and proper identification of arthropod (insect and mite) outbreaks in the landscape. Information provided allows clientele to better select Integrated Pest Management solutions for managing pest situations, often resulting in reduced pesticide use and implementation of more cost-effective and environmentally sound practices.
2. Research conducted and shared by NCERA-193 has and continues to provide national leadership for diseases and insects such as emerald ash borer, thousand cankers of walnut, and bacterial leaf scorch.

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Report Information

Participants

Pierluigi, Bonello (bonello.2@osu.edu)-The Ohio State University; Herms, Dan (herms.2@osu.edu)-The Ohio State University; Kunkel, Brian (bakunkel@udel.edu)-University of Delaware; Smitley, Dave (smitley@cns.msu.edu)-Michigan State University; Chastagner, Gary (chastag@wsu.edu)-Washington State University; Drees, Bart (b-drees@tamu.edu)-Texas A&M University; Jacobi, William (william.jacobi@colostate.edu)-Colorado State University; Payne, Thomas (paynet@missouri.edu)-University of Missouri; Walla, James (j.walla@ndsu.edu)-North Dakota State University; Gleason, Mark (mgleason@iastate.edu)-Iowa State University; Dave Apple (appel@ag.tamu.edu)-Texas A&M University.

Brief Summary of Minutes

The meeting began with introductions and the administrative report. Some of this presentation focused on the Battelle Report and the importance of agriculture and agbiosciences (http://nccea.org/documents/powerandpromiseweb.pdf). The current sources of funding and methods of generating funds for our projects were discussed before moving onto state reports. The group also collectively worked on the renewal proposal. A tour of Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center and an oak wilt injection demonstration were activities on the last day of the meeting after the conclusion of state reports. The attachment is a compilation of the state reports from participants and another NCERA 193 member not in attendance.

Accomplishments

Short term Outcome: Landscape contractors are use reduced-risk or biopesticides with greater confidence due to efficacy trials; thus reducing exposure of workers to traditional pesticides.<br /> <br /> Outputs: Fact sheets, trade journal articles, peer-reviewed journal articles published in the last year are accessible either online or in print versions. The summary of minutes attachment provides specifics for states with representatives at the meeting. <br /> <br /> Activities: Smitley, Sadof, Williamson & Herms coordinated efforts addressing public outreach efforts in Michigan, Indiana, Wisconsin, and Ohio in reference to emerald ash borers. Cranshaw & Jacobi continue to work with Thousand Cankers Disease and movement of firewood or wood pieces in the U.S. These are a few of the activities of the group and greater detail is available in the summary of minutes attachment.

Publications

Doccola, J.J., D.R. Smitley, T.W. Davis, J.J. Aiken and P. W. Wild. 2011. Tree wound responses following systemic insecticide trunk injection treatments in green as (Fraxinus pennnsylvanica Marsh.) as determined by destructive autopsy. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry 37: 6  12. <br /> <br /> Smitley, D.R., J.J. Doccola and D.L. Cox. 2010. Multiple-year protection of ash trees from emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), with a single trunk injection of emamectin benzoate and single-year protection with an imidacloprid basal drench. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 36: 206 - 211.<br /> <br /> Smitley, D.R., E.J. Rebek, R.N. Royalty, T.W. Davis and K.F. Newhouse. 2010. Protection of individual ash trees from emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) with basal soil applications of imidacloprid. J. Econ. Entomology 103: 119  126. <br /> <br /> Smitley, David R., Young-Ki Jo and Ian Hudson. 2011. Association of Ovavesicula popilliae (Microsporida: Ovavesculidae) with winter mortality of larvae and reduced fecundity of female Japanese beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Environ. Entomol. 40: 516  522. <br /> <br /> Whitehill JGA, Popova-Butler A, Green-Church KB, Koch JL, Herms DA and Bonello P (2011) Interspecific proteomic comparisons reveal ash phloem genes potentially involved in constitutive resistance to the emerald ash borer. PLoS ONE 6(9): e24863. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024863.<br /> <br /> Rivera-Vega L, Mamidala P, Bonello P, Herms DA, Mittapalli O (2011) Evaluation of reference genes for gene expression studies in ash (Fraxinus spp.). Plant Molecular Biology Reporter. Accepted.<br /> <br /> Chen Y, Whitehill JGA, Bonello P and Poland TM (2011) Feeding by emerald ash borer larvae induces systemic changes in black ash foliar chemistry. Phytochemistry 72:1990-1998.<br /> <br /> Cipollini D, Wang Q, Whitehill JGA, Powell JR, Bonello P and Herms DA (2011) Distinguishing defensive characteristics in the phloem of ash species resistant and susceptible to emerald ash borer. Journal of Chemical Ecology 37:450-459.<br /> <br /> Rajarapu SP, Mamidala P, Herms DA, Bonello P and Mittapalli O (2011) Antioxidant genes of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis): Gene characterization and expression profiles. Journal of Insect Physiology. Available on line: doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.03.017.<br /> <br /> Chen Y, Whitehill JGA, Bonello P and Poland TM (2011) Differential response in foliar chemistry of three ash species to emerald ash borer adult feeding. Journal of Chemical Ecology 37:29-39.<br /> <br /> Bai X, Rivera-Vega L, Mamidala P, Bonello P, Herms DA and Mittapalli O (2011) Transcriptomic signatures of ash (Fraxinus spp.) phloem. PLoS ONE 6, e16368<br /> Nagle AM, McPherson BA, Garbelotto M, Wood DL and Bonello P (2011) Relationship between resistance to Phytophthora ramorum and constitutive phenolic chemistry in coast live oak. Forest Pathology. Available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.2010.00703.x.<br /> <br /> Wallis C, Eyles A, Chorbadjian RA, Riedl K, Schwartz S, Hansen R, Cipollini D, Herms DA, Bonello P (2011) Differential effects of nutrient availability on the secondary metabolism of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra) phloem and resistance to Diplodia pinea. Forest Pathology 41:52-58<br /> <br /> Mittapalli O, Bai X, Mamidala P, Rajarapu SP, Bonello P and Herms DA (2010) Tissue-specific transcriptomics of the exotic invasive insect pest emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis). PLoS ONE 5, e13708.<br /> <br /> Schofield, K., B. M. Drees, and B. Summerlin. 2010. Worker ant foraging response on and near mounds of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. Southwestern Entomologist 35(4):533-538.<br /> <br /> Drees, B. M. 2010. Plaster beetles. EEE-00046.The Texas AgriLife Extension Service. Texas A&M System, College Station, Texas. Fact sheet, posted on http://insects.tamu.edu/extension/publications/epubs.<br /> <br /> Drees, B. M. 2010. Booklice. EEE-00043. The Texas AgriLife Extension Service. Texas A&M System, College Station, Texas. Fact sheet, posted on http://insects.tamu.edu/extension/publications/epubs.<br /> <br /> Reinert, J. and B. M. Drees. 2011. The hunting billbug: an emerging pest of Texas turfgrass. The Pallet, April 2011 issue, pages 6-10.<br /> <br /> Drees, B. M. 2009. Raspberry crazy ant - a new threat to nurseries. American Nurseryman 11(209):6-8.<br /> <br /> Calixto, A., C. Valencia, J. Fihe, B. Drees and K. Knopp. 2011. Relative attractiveness and efficacy of toxic baits to Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) in Lake Somerville, Texas in Proceedings of the Imported Fire Ant Conference (P. Nester, ed.), Galveston, Texas, April 4-7, 2011. Pages 47-51. <br /> <br /> Keck, M., B. Drees, A. Calixto, N. Cervantes. 2011. Target-specific lure and switch grid spot treatment approach for fire ants: Camp Bullis Karst Caves Project in Proceedings of the Imported Fire Ant Conference (P. Nester, ed.), Galveston, Texas, April 4-7, 2011. Page 60. <br /> <br /> Shackelford, P., B. Drees, A. Calixto, P. Nester. 2011. Pasture renovation by dragging ant mounds and broadcast baiting to eliminate red imported fire ants in Proceedings of the Imported Fire Ant Conference (P. Nester, ed.), Galveston, Texas, April 4-7, 2011. Pages 66-74.<br /> <br /> Camerino, A., P. Nester, B. Drees, A. Calixto. 2011. Two year evaluation of ARINIX® for limiting invasion of fire ants into irrigation controller boxes at Bear Creek Gold World, Houston, TX in Proceedings of the Imported Fire Ant Conference (P. Nester, ed.), Galveston, Texas, April 4-7, 2011. Page 75.<br /> <br /> Calixto, A., A. Birt, B. Drees, M. Keck, N. Cervantes, L. Calixto, M. Harris. 2011. Developing and delivering decision support systems for use in fire ant management: Fort Sam Houston case study in Proceedings of the Imported Fire Ant Conference (P. Nester, ed.), Galveston, Texas, April 4-7, 2011. Page 76.<br /> <br /> Nester, P., A. Calixto, B. Drees. 2011. Imported fire ant treatment strategies in larger landscaped areas in Proceedings of the Imported Fire Ant Conference (P. Nester, ed.), Galveston, Texas, April 4-7, 2011. Page 77.<br /> <br /> Drees B., and K. Flanders. 2011. Update on the Fire Ant Community of Practice (part of the National eXtension initiative) in Proceedings of the Imported Fire Ant Conference (P. Nester, ed.), Galveston, Texas, April 4-7, 2011. Pages 81-82. <br /> <br /> Flanders, K. and B. Drees. 2011. eXtension Fire Ant Community of Practice Work Session in Proceedings of the Imported Fire Ant Conference (P. Nester, ed.), Galveston, Texas, April 4-7, 2011. Page 84.<br /> <br /> Smith, J., M. Harris, A. Calixto, B. Drees, K. Snowden and B. Vinson. 2011. PCR screening for microsporidian and social form in red imported fire ants Solenopsis invicta Buren): Recommendations for collecting and DNA extraction in Proceedings of the Imported Fire Ant Conference (P. Nester, ed.), Galveston, Texas, April 4-7, 2011. Page 85.<br /> <br /> Calixto, A., M. Harris, B. Drees, and J. Johnson. 2011. Impact of toxic baits on field populations of the two social forms of the fire ant and other ecological implications in Proceedings of the Imported Fire Ant Conference (P. Nester, ed.), Galveston, Texas, April 4-7, 2011. Pages 95-98.<br /> <br /> Schofield, K., W. Brown and B. Drees. 2011. University based research on the effectiveness of home remedies to control red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Proceedings of the Imported Fire Ant Conference (P. Nester, ed.), Galveston, Texas, April 4-7, 2011. Page 99.<br /> <br /> Johnson, J., A. Calixto, M. Harris and B. Drees. 2011. Common ant fauna observed at lures when sampling for fire ants in Proceedings of the Imported Fire Ant Conference (P. Nester, ed.), Galveston, Texas, April 4-7, 2011. Page 102.<br /> <br /> Drees, B. M., D. McDonald, P. Nester, A. Calixto, C. Bowen and R. Gold. 2010. Applied Research Update: Rasberry Crazy Ant. Proc. 2010 Annual Imported Fire Ant Conf., April 19-22, Little Rock, AR. page10 posted on http://www.eXtension.org/fire+ants.<br /> <br /> Dieckmann, R., and B. M. Drees. 2010. Coachella Valley Golf Course Red Imported Fire Ant Treatment Program Evaluation. Proc. 2010 Annual Imported Fire Ant Conf., April 19-22, Little Rock, AR. pages 61-68 posted on http://www.eXtension.org/fire+ants.<br /> <br /> Schofield, K., B. M. Drees, and B. Summerlin 2010. Worker Ant Foraging Response on and Near Mounds of the Red Imported Fire Ant. Proc. 2010 Annual Imported Fire Ant Conf., April 19-22, Little Rock, AR. page 102 posted on http://www.eXtension.org/fire+ants.<br /> <br /> Nester, P. R., A. Camerino, B. Drees, and A. Calixto. 2010. Evaluation of ARINIX® Permethrin Impregnated Nylon Plastic Strips in Preventing Fire Ant Invasion in RainBird Par + ES Irrigation Boxed at Bear Creek Golf World, Houston, Texas. Proc. 2010 Annual Imported Fire Ant Conf., April 19-22, Little Rock, AR. pages 126-134 posted on http://www.eXtension.org/fire+ants.<br /> <br /> Jacobi, W.R., B.A. Goodrich, R. D. Koski. 2009. Environmental effects of magnesium chloride based dust suppression products on roadside soils, vegetation and stream water chemistry. Colorado State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, Technical Report, TR09-04, 185pp.<br /> <br /> Goodrich, B. A., Koski, R.D. and W.R. Jacobi. 2009. Monitoring surface water chemistry near magnesium chloride dust suppressant treated roads in Colorado. J. Environ. Qual. 38(6):2373-81.<br /> <br /> MacDonald, J., Allen, C., Gadoury, D., Jacobi, W., Kelemu, S., Moyer, J., Murray, T., Ong, K., Pearson, C., Sherwood, J., and Vidaver, A. 2009. Education in Plant Pathology, Present Status and Future Challenges. Plant Disease 93: 1238-1251.<br /> <br /> Egan, J.M., Jacobi W.R., Negron J.F., Smith, S.L. and Cluck, D. R. 2010. Forest thinning and subsequent bark beetle-caused mortality in Northeastern California. Forest Ecol. Management. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.030<br /> <br /> Costello, S.L., Negron, J.F and Jacobi, W.R. 2011. Wood-boring insect abundance in fire-injured ponderosa pine. Agriculture and Forest Entomology. DOI: 10.1111/j/1461-9563.2011.00531.x<br /> <br /> Crump, A. Jacobi, W.R. Lundquist, J. E. 2011. Dissemination of forest health research information in the Rocky Mountains. Journal of Forestry. 43-49.<br /> <br /> Jacobi, W. R., Goodrich, B.A. and Cleaver, C. M. 2011. Firewood transport by National and State Park campers: A risk for native and exotic tree pest movement. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry. 37: 126-138<br /> <br /> Klutsch, J. G., Kallas-Ricklefs, M. A., Reich R. M. Harris, J. L. and. Jacobi W. R. 2011. Relationship of site and stand characteristics to Armillaria root disease incidence on ponderosa pine in the Black Hills. Forest Pathology- Accepted.<br /> <br /> Crump, A., Jacobi, W. R., Burns, K. S., and Howell, B. S. 2011. Pruning to manage white pine blister rust in the southern Rocky Mountains. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Res Station. Res. Note RMRS-RN-44. 10 p.<br /> <br /> G. A. Hoover, G. W. Moorman, K. M. Richards, and S. I. Gripp. 2011. Insect, Mite, and Disease Management on Woody Ornamentals, Pennsylvania State University, College of Agricultural Sciences, 114 pp. <br /> <br /> Herath, P., Hoover, G. A., Angelini, E., and Moorman, G. W. 2010. Detection of elm yellows phytoplasma using real-time PCR. Plant Disease 94: 1355-1360. <br /> <br /> Zeleznik, J, and Walla, J. 2011. Diseases of apple trees - black rot. North Dakota State University Crop & Pest Report 2011 (12):. Online at: http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/cpr/forestry/diseases-of-apple-trees-black-rot<br /> <br /> Zeleznik, J., and Walla, J.A. 2011. Storm damaged trees. North Dakota State University Crop and Pest Report 2011 (2):11-12. Online at: <http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/cpr/pdf-reports/12May11%20Diane2.pdf/view>.<br /> <br /> Muilenburg, V.L., P.L. Phelan, P. Bonello, and D.A. Herms. Inter- and Intra-specific variation in stem phloem phenolics of paper birch (Betula papyrifera) and European white birch (Betula pendula). Journal of Chemical Ecology. In press.<br /> <br /> Hahn, J., D.A. Herms, D.G. McCullough. 2011. Frequently asked questions regarding potential side effects of systemic insecticides used to control emerald ash borer. University of Minnesota,Michigan State University, and The Ohio State University Extension Emerald Ash Borer Fact Sheet. 4 pp.<br /> (http://ashalert.osu.edu/userfiles/Potential%20Side%20Effects%20of%20EAB%20Insecticides%<br /> 20FAQ.pdf).<br /> <br /> Whitehill, J.G.A., A. Popova-Butler, K.B. Green-Church, J.L. Koch, D.A. Herms, and P.Bonello. 2011. Interspecific Proteomic Comparisons Reveal Ash Phloem Genes Potentially Involved in Constitutive Resistance to the Emerald Ash Borer. PLoS ONE 6(9): e24863 doi:10.13171/journal.pone.0024863.<br /> <br /> Ulyshen, M.D., W.S. Klooster, W.T. Barrington, and D.A. Herms. 2011. Impacts of emeraldash borer-induced tree mortality on leaf litter arthropods and exotic earthworms. Pedobiologia. In press.<br /> <br /> Chorbadjian, R.A., P. Bonello, and D.A. Herms. 2011. Effect of the growth regulator paclobutrazol and fertilization on defensive chemistry and herbivore resistance of Austrian pine and paper birch. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry, In press.<br /> <br /> Kleczewski, N.M, D.A. Herms, and P. Bonello. 2011. Nutrient and water availability alter belowground patterns of biomass allocation, carbon partitioning, and ectomycorrhizal abundance in Betula nigra. Trees - Structure and Function. doi: 10.1007/s00468-011-0613-3.<br /> <br /> Cipollini, D., Q. Wang, J.G.A. Whitehill, J.R. Powell, P. Bonello, and D.A. Herms. Distinguishing defense characteristics in the phloem of ash species resistant and susceptible to emerald ash borer. Journal of Chemical Ecology 37:450-459.<br /> <br /> Rajarapu, S.P., P. Mamidala, D.A. Herms, P. Bonello, and O. Mittapalli. 2011. Antioxidant genes of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis): gene characterization and expression profiles. Journal of Insect Physiology 57:819-824.<br /> <br /> Nielsen, D.G., V.L. Muilenburg, and D.A. Herms. 2011. Interspecific variation in resistance of Asian, European, and North American birches (Betula spp.) to bronze birch borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Environmental Entomology 40:648-653.<br /> <br /> Ranger, C.M., M.E. Reding, K..J.K. Gandhi, J.B. Oliver, P.B. Schultz, and D.A. Herms. 2011.Species dependent influence of (-)-±-pinene on attraction of ambrosia beetles to ethanol-baited traps in nursery agroecosystems. Journal of Economic Entomology 104:574-579.<br /> <br /> Cardina, J., C.P. Herms, and D.A. Herms. 2011. Phenological indicators for emergence of large and smooth crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis and D. ischaemum) Weed Technology 25:141-150.<br /> <br /> Bai, X., L. Rivera-Vega, P. Mamidala, P. Bonello, D.A. Herms, O. Mittapalli. 2011. Transcriptomic signatures of ash (Fraxinus spp.) phloem. PLoS ONE, 6(1):1-12<br /> <br /> Wallis, C. A. Eyles, R.A. Chorbadjian, K. Riedl, S. Schwartz, R. Hansen, D. Cipollini, D.A. Herms, and P. Bonello. 2011. Differential effects of nutrient availability on the secondary metabolism of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra) phloem and resistance to Diplodia pinea. Forest Pathology 41:52-58.<br /> <br /> Poland, T.M., D.G. McCullough, D.A. Herms, L.S. Bauer, J.R. Gould, and A.R. Tluczek. 2011. Management tactics for emerald ash borer: chemical and biological control. In: K. McManus and K.W. Gottschalk, eds., Proceedings 21st U.S. Department of Agriculture Interagency Research Forum on Invasive Species 2010, pp. 46-49. USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-75.<br /> <br /> Herms, D.A. and D.G. McCullough. 2010. Pesticides and insect eradication. In: D. Simberloff and M. Rejmánek, eds. Encyclopedia of Invasive Introduced Species, pp. 528-535. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.<br /> <br /> Herms, D.A.. 2010. Multiyear evaluations of systemic insecticides for control of emerald ash borer. In: D. Lance, J. Buck, D. Binion, R. Reardon, and V. Mastro, compilers, Proceedings of the Emerald Ash Borer Research and Technology Development Meeting, October 20-21, 2009,Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, pp. 71-75. <br /> <br /> USDA Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team,FHTET-2010-01. 136 pp.<br /> <br /> Mittapalli, O., X. Bai, P. Mamidala, S.P. Rajarapu, P. Bonello, and D.A. Herms. 2010. Tissuespecific transcriptomics of the exotic invasive insect pest emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis). PLoS ONE 5(10)1-12.<br /> <br /> Gandhi, K.J.K., A.I. Cognato, D.M. Lightle, B.J. Mosley, D.G. Nielsen, and D.A. Herms. 2010.Species composition, semiochemical responses, and seasonal activity of bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in northeastern Ohio. Journal of Economic Entomology 103:1187-1195.<br /> <br /> Kleczewski, N.M., D.A. Herms, and P. Bonello. 2010. Effects of soil type, fertilization, and drought on carbon allocation to root growth, and partitioning between secondary metabolism,and ectomycorrhizae of Betula papyrifera (Marsh). Tree Physiology 30:807-813.<br /> <br /> Figueroa, R., D.A. Herms, J. Cardina, and D. Doohan. 2010. Maternal environment effects on common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) seed dormancy. Weed Science 58:160-166.<br /> <br /> Goebel, P.C., M.S. Bumgardner, D.A. Herms, and A. Sabula 2010. Failure to phytosanitize firewood infested with emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) in a small dry kiln using ISPM-15 standards. Journal of Economic Entomology 103:597-602.<br /> <br /> Ranger, C.M., M.E. Reding, A.B. Persad, and D.A. Herms. 2010. Ability of stress-related volatiles to attract and induce attacks by Xylosandrus germanus and other ambrosia beetles. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 12:177-185.<br /> <br /> Raupp, M.J., P.M. Shrewsbury, and D.A. Herms. 2010. Ecology of herbivorous arthropods in urban landscapes. Annual Review of Entomology 55:19-38.<br /> <br /> Gandhi, J.K.J., and D.A. Herms. 2010. North American arthropods at risk due to widespread Fraxinus mortality caused by the alien emerald ash borer. Biological Invasions 12:1839-1846.<br /> <br /> Gandhi, J.K.J., and D.A. Herms. 2010. Direct and indirect effects of alien insect herbivores on ecological processes and interactions in forests of eastern North America. Biological Invasions 12:389-405.

Impact Statements

1. Pesticide alternatives: The PR-10 protein, the aspartic protease, the phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase (PCBER), the thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidase, lignans, and lignan derivatives will be the target of functional studies for their role in resistance of Manchurian ash to EAB. Ellagic acid and tyrosol-like compounds in coast live oak phloem can be used as biomarkers of coast live oak resistance to P. ramorum. Treatment with MeJA protects small ash trees against the emerald ash borer at the same level as that conferred by treatment with a commercial topical insecticide.
2. Pesticide tech development & Tech transfer: Program efforts, including the web site, in-person presentation, applied research and result demonstration efforts strive to increase the cost-effectiveness of current Integrated Pest Management recommendations and develop new technology. Management guidelines and education are designed to reduce over-reliance on insecticide and miticide use in the urban landscape by emphasizing cultural (good horticultural and agronomic practices) and use of least toxic methods for arthropod suppression.
3. Emerging pests & Tech transfer: Research projects test pesticide efficacy of new products in the market for controlling diseases, scale insects, and investigate behaviors of new arthropod pests. The results from these projects provide green industry professionals options for managing arthropods that reduces worker exposure to pesticides. Outreach activities focus supply professionals with current information regarding common pests and information about possible new exotic species.
4. Technology Transfer: " We have a publication based on research related to camper movement of firewood in the west. Thirty nine percent of campers bring firewood to National Parks from out of state sources. The publication the risk of movement of insects in retail firewood is in draft format. We found >40% of retail firewood have live insects with 15 to 520 insects per bundle. Coleoptera insects accounted for 3,600 of the 4,000 insects collected with a mean of 3 to 60 per each of 24 families. Insects emerged up to 540 days after the wood was purchased.
5. Technology Transfer: This Web site continued to be updated in a timely manner [http://ento.psu.edu/extension/trees-shrubs]. The arthropod data regarding growing degree day and plant phenological information collected by the members of the Penn-Del IPM Research Group may soon be available online accessed at my Penn State Ornamental Extension Entomology web site for the green industry stakeholders in Pennsylvania as well as the US. Links at this Web site have been made to other helpful sites for green industry stakeholder groups.
6. Technology Transfer: The video titled, Insects and Spiders and Mites, OH My!: Recognizing Beneficials in the Nursery and Landscape that received first place recognition in the education category awarded by the Broadcast Education Association. This video, available from San Luis Video Publishing, covers the identification of natural enemies of key ornamental arthropod pests. The project was a cooperative effort between Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture entomologists, a nursery inspector, the grounds manager at Longwood Gardens, Ag Information Services, and G. Hoover.
7. New & Emerging Pests: Projects investigating new exotic invasive arthropod and disease pests continue to provide information to stakeholders regarding efficient, effective management strategies.
8. Example of some of the funding received by NCERA 193 members: G. Hoover: 2009-2011 - Elm yellows epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. (with Moorman, G. W.) The Pennsylvania State University. $61,500/yr. OARDC SEEDS. 2011-2013. $50,000. Validation and development of a methyl jasmonate delivery system for insecticide-free control of the emerald ash borer. P. Bonello and D.A. Herms.

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Report Information

Participants

LeBoldus, Jared (jared.leboldus@ndsu.edu) - North Dakota State University;
Appel, David (David.Appel@agnet.tamu.edu) - Texas A&M University;
Bonello, Pierluigi (bonello.2@osu.edu) - The Ohio State University;
Chastagner, Gary (chastag@wsu.edu) - Washington State University;
Cranshaw, Whitney (Whitney.Cranshaw@ColoState.EDU) - Colorado State University;
Herms, Dan (herms.2@osu.edu) - The Ohio State University;
Jacobi, Bill (William.Jacobi@ColoState.EDU) _ Colorado State University;
Krischik, Vera (krisc001@umn.edu) - University of Minnesota;
Kunkel, Brian (bakunkel@udel.edu) - University of Delaware;
Payne, Tom (PayneT@missouri.edu) - University of Missouri;
Rebek, Eric (eric.rebek@okstate.edu) - Oklahoma State University;
Smitley, David (smitley@msu.edu) - Michigan State University.

Brief Summary of Minutes

The meeting began with introductions and some discussion surrounding the implcations for funding if the debt crisis was not resolved prior to the dead line. There was also some discussion around what constitutes an impact statement. The long term dutch elm disease project was discussed and Dr. Smitley proposed a second long term project evaluating the impact of tree injections. This was follwed by state reports. The attachement is a copy of the state reports for all members in attendance.

Accomplishments

Short Term Outcome: Continued work on EAB control is improving management strategies and control measures used by tree care profesionals to mitigate damage due to this invasive insect. <br /> <br /> <br /> Outputs: Fact sheets, trade journal articles, peer-reviewed journal articles published in the last year are accessible either online or in print versions. The summary of minutes attachment provides specifics for states with representatives at the meeting. <br /> <br /> <br /> Activities: Herms, Bonello, Mittapalli, Cipollini, Koch, Knight, and Poland are coordinating a program to develop emerald ash borrer resistant ash trees. Cranshaw & Jacobi continue to work with Thousand Cankers Disease and movement of firewood or wood pieces in the U.S. Jacobi coordinates The National Elm Trial. Chastagner continues to study the impacts of Phytophthors ramorum in Washington with particulair emphasis on pacific madrone. Smitley is improving our understanding of tree to tree variation in systemic fungicide efficacy. These are a few of the activities of the group and greater detail is available in the summary of minutes attachment. <br />

Publications

Muilenburg, V.L, and D.A. Herms. In press. A review of bronze birch borer (Agrilus anxius,Coleoptera: Buprestidae) life history, ecology, and management. Environ. Entomol.<br /> Boggs, F., A. Stone, and D.A. Herms. 2012. Asian longhorned beetle: a killer in black and white. American Nurseryman 212(10):18-20, 22.<br /> Raupp, M.J., P.M. Shrewsbury, and D.A. Herms. 2012. Disasters by design: outbreaks along urban gradients. In: P. Barbosa, D.K. Letourneau, and A. Agrawal (eds.), Insect Outbreaks Revisited, pp. 311-340. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, West Sussex, UK.<br /> Ulyshen, M., W. Barrington, R. Hoebeke, and D.A. Herms. 2012. Vertically stratified ash-limb beetle fauna in northern Ohio. Psyche 2012, Article ID 215891, 5 pp.,doi:10.1155/2012/215891.<br /> Whitehill, J.G.A., S.O. Opiyo, J.L. Koch, D.A. Herms, D.F. Cipollini, and P. Bonello. 2012. Interspecific comparison of constitutive ash phloem phenolic chemistry reveals compounds unique to Manchurian ash, a species resistant to emerald ash borer. Journal of Chemical Ecology 38:499-511.<br /> Suckling, D.M, P.C. Tobin, D.G. McCullough, and D.A. Herms. 2012. Combining tactics to exploit Allee effects for eradication of alien insect populations. Journal of Economic Entomology 105:1-13.<br /> Kleczewski, N.M, D.A. Herms, and P. Bonello. 2012. Nutrient and water availability alter belowground patterns of biomass allocation, carbon partitioning, and ectomycorrhizal abundance in Betula nigra. Trees - Structure and Function 26:525533.<br /> Muilenburg, V.L., and D.A. Herms. 2011. European Plant Pest Organization (EPPO) data sheets on pests recommended for regulation: Agrilus anxius. EPPO Bulletin 40:409-413.<br /> Muilenburg, V.L., P.L. Phelan, P. Bonello, and D.A. Herms. 2011. Inter- and Intra-specific variation in stem phloem phenolics of paper birch (Betula papyrifera) and European white birch (Betula pendula). Journal of Chemical Ecology 37:1193-1202.<br /> Hahn, J., D.A. Herms, D.G. McCullough. 2011. Frequently asked questions regarding potential side effects of systemic insecticides used to control emerald ash borer. University of Minnesota, Michigan State University, and The Ohio State University Extension Emerald Ash Borer Fact Sheet. 4 pp.<br /> Whitehill, J.G.A., A. Popova-Butler, K.B. Green-Church, J.L. Koch, D.A. Herms, and P.Bonello. 2011. Interspecific Proteomic Comparisons Reveal Ash Phloem Genes Potentially Involved in Constitutive Resistance to the Emerald Ash Borer. PLoS ONE 6(9): e24863 doi: 10.13171/journal.pone.0024863.<br /> Ulyshen, M.D., W.S. Klooster, W.T. Barrington, and D.A. Herms. 2011. Impacts of emerald ash borer-induced tree mortality on leaf litter arthropods and exotic earthworms. Pedobiologia. In press.<br /> Chorbadjian, R.A., P. Bonello, and D.A. Herms. 2011. Effect of the growth regulator paclobutrazol and fertilization on defensive chemistry and herbivore resistance of Austrian pine and paper birch. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry, In press. <br /> Kleczewski, N.M, D.A. Herms, and P. Bonello. 2011. Nutrient and water availability alter belowground patterns of biomass allocation, carbon partitioning, and ectomycorrhizal abundance in Betula nigra. Trees - Structure and Function. doi: 10.1007/s00468-011-0613-3.<br /> Cipollini, D., Q. Wang, J.G.A. Whitehill, J.R. Powell, P. Bonello, and D.A. Herms. Distinguishing defense characteristics in the phloem of ash species resistant and susceptible to emerald ash borer. Journal of Chemical Ecology 37:450-459.<br /> Rajarapu, S.P., P. Mamidala, D.A. Herms, P. Bonello, and O. Mittapalli. 2011. Antioxidant genes of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis): gene characterization and expression profiles. Journal of Insect Physiology 57:819-824.<br /> Nielsen, D.G., V.L. Muilenburg, and D.A. Herms. 2011. Interspecific variation in resistance of Asian, European, and North American birches (Betula spp.) to bronze birch borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Environmental Entomology 40:648-653.<br /> Ranger, C.M., M.E. Reding, K..J.K. Gandhi, J.B. Oliver, P.B. Schultz, and D.A. Herms. 2011. Species dependent influence of (-)-±-pinene on attraction of ambrosia beetles to ethanol-baited traps in nursery agroecosystems. Journal of Economic Entomology 104:574-579.<br /> Cardina, J., C.P. Herms, and D.A. Herms. 2011. Phenological indicators for emergence of large and smooth crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis and D. ischaemum) Weed Technology 25:141-150.<br /> Bai, X., L. Rivera-Vega, P. Mamidala, P. Bonello, D.A. Herms, O. Mittapalli. 2011. Transcriptomic signatures of ash (Fraxinus spp.) phloem. PLoS ONE, 6(1):1-12.<br /> Wallis, C. A. Eyles, R.A. Chorbadjian, K. Riedl, S. Schwartz, R. Hansen, D. Cipollini, D.A. Herms, and P. Bonello. 2011. Differential effects of nutrient availability on the secondary metabolism of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra) phloem and resistance to Diplodia pinea. Forest Pathology 41:52-58.<br /> Poland, T.M., D.G. McCullough, D.A. Herms, L.S. Bauer, J.R. Gould, and A.R. Tluczek. 2011.Management tactics for emerald ash borer: chemical and biological control. In: K. McManus and K.W. Gottschalk, eds., Proceedings 21st U.S. Department of Agriculture Interagency Research Forum on Invasive Species 2010, pp. 46-49. USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-75.<br /> Costello, S.L., Negron, J.F and Jacobi, W.R. 2011. Wood-boring insect abundance in fire-injured ponderosa pine. Agriculture and Forest Entomology. DOI: 10.1111/j/1461-9563.2011.00531.x<br /> Crump, A. Jacobi, W.R. Lundquist, J. E. 2011. Dissemination of forest health research information in the Rocky Mountains. <br /> Jacobi, W. R., Goodrich, B.A. and Cleaver, C. M. 2011. Firewood transport by National and State Park campers: A risk for native and exotic tree pest movement. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry. 37: 126-138<br /> Klutsch, J. G., Kallas-Ricklefs, M. A., Reich R. M. Harris, J. L. and. Jacobi W. R. 2011. Relationship of site and stand characteristics to Armillaria root disease incidence on ponderosa pine in the Black Hills. Forest Pathology- Accepted.<br /> Crump, A., Jacobi, W. R., Burns, K. S., and Howell, B. S. 2011. Pruning to manage white pine blister rust in the southern Rocky Mountains. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Res Station. Res. Note RMRS-RN-44. 10 p.<br /> Goodrich, B.A. and Jacobi, W.R. 2012. Foliar damage, ion content, and mortality rate of five common roadside tree species treated with soil applications of magnesium chloride Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 223847-862.<br /> Jacobi, W. R., Hardin, J. B., Goodrich, B. A. and Cleaver, C. M. 2012. Retail firewood can transport live tree pests. J of Economic Entomology. 105: 1645-1658.<br /> Conrad, A.O., Bonello, P., and Bienemann, D.S. 2011. An Introduction To Sudden Oak Death and Upcoming Research. City Trees Magazine, no. Sept./Oct. 2011. http://read.dmtmag.com/issue/41336<br /> Hill AL, Whitehill JGA, Opiyo SO, Phelan P, Bonello P (2012) Nutritional attributes of ash (Fraxinus spp.) stem phloem and their relationships to resistance against the emerald ash borer. Tree Physiology. In press.<br /> Villari C, Battisti A, Chakraborty S, Michelozzi M, Bonello P, Faccoli M (2012) Nutritional and pathogenic fungi associated with the pine engraver beetle trigger comparable defenses in Scots pine. Tree Physiology 32: 867-879.<br /> LeBoldus, J.M. Zhang, Q. and Kinzer, K. (2012). First report of dollar spot caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa on Agrostis stolonifera in North Dakota. Plant Disease 96: 1071.

Impact Statements

1. A new tool was developped by Appel D.N. to diagnose oak wilt from symptomatic trees. This tool greatly increases the speed and accuracy of disease diagnosis and can be used by diagnostic labs across the United States.
2. Systemic insecticide application to control EAB is not always consistent from year to year. Smitley et al have demonstrated that the variation can be attributed to tree health at the time of insecticide application. These results indicate that tree care professionals can imporve the efficacy of insecticide application by improving overall tree health.
3. Jacobi found that the interstate movement of firewood is a potetnial significant source of insect introductions these findings have resulted in the formulation of new management plans at the state and federal level to regulate the movement of firewood.
4. Jacobi is coordinating the National Elm Trial across 16 states which will identify new elm cultivars for commercial use in the United States.
5. Bonello is developping a FT-IR spectroscopy tool which can identify trees resistant to suddn oak death in the field.
6. Several compounds associated with EAB resistance have been shown to be toxic to the insect a step forward in developping a resistant North American Ash.
7. Technology transfer: Studies conducted by mulitple PI: Rebek, Kunkel, Jacobi, Herms, Bonello, and Chastagner are providing information to profesionals on the correct use and timing of pesticides and biopesticides for the control of a variety of insect pests on different plants.
8. Herms, Bonello, and Smitley. have initiated several studies to developp a better understanding of EAB in urban and forest ecosystems in order to predict long term impacts and develop IPM management strategies including: EAB resistant ash, insecticide, and biopesticide development. Progess in these areas is descibed in the meeting minutes.
9. New & Emerging Pests: Projects investigating new exotic invasive arthropod and disease pests continue to provide information to stakeholders regarding efficient, effective management strategies.
10. Examples of some of the funding received by NCERA 193 members: USDA APHIS. 2011-2014. $1,458,827. An integrated comprehensive program to develop emerald ash borer resistant ash trees. D.A. Herms, P. Bonello, O. Mittapalli, D.F. Cipollini, J. Koch, K. Knight, and T. Poland. 3 yrs.USDA NIFA. 2012-2015. $98,190. Integrated Pest Management of Septoria Canker on Hybrid Poplar Farms in the North Central Region. J.M. LeBoldus, G.R. Stanosz. 3 yrs.

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