Annual/Termination Reports:

[12/22/2005]

Report Information

Participants

Carl Bradley, Morris Bonde. Anne Dorrance, Marty Draper, Glen Hartman, Don Hershman, Seogchan Kang, Jim Kurle, Ian MacLatchy, Monte Miles, M. A. Pastor-Corrales, Matt Royer, John Rupe, Gene Safir, Raymond W. Schneider, Steven Slack, Kent Smith, Erik Stomberg, James R. Steadman, Laura Sweets, Albert Tenuta, & X. B. Yang.

Brief Summary of Minutes

Agenda:
Introduction Steven Slack
Secretary election
Old business
2003 meeting minutes
Review 2003 activities
Discussion of future committee activities
New NC 504 proposal
Next meeting

Minutes:

Introduction. Steven Slack provided an overview of the current status of the NC 504.

Secretary election. Dr. Glen Hartman was elected as secretary of NC 504 Committee.

Old business. Minutes of the February 2003 meeting were approved. Accomplishment included: soybean rust extension publications, extension meetings included St. Louis meeting with the American Soybean Association in January 2004.

Discussion of future committee activities.

Risk communication was discussed in terms of how to put survey results through the NPDN web site.

Dr. Jim Steadman made comments on importance of surveying possible presences of soybean rust in Caribbean Islands in collaboration with local plant pathologists. Caribbean Islands is a possible pathway. The existing network has been established and surveys can be carried out with low cost.

The risk of introducing SBR through seed importation from South America was discussed. It was considered that the risk is minimum with the latest information from the visit of Dr. A. Tschanz from Brazil. Information from this visit was presented by Dr. Matt Royer of APHIS. Surveys outside the US also were discussed.

A subcommittee of Monte Miles, XB Yang, and John Rupe with Ray Schneider and Don Hershman as reviewers were to define protocols for surveys of different purposes. Motion was made and passed that the subcommittee would have something back to the group on protocols for surveys.

A motion was passed for another subcommittee (Anne Dorrance, Mary Draper, Albert Tenuta, and Loren Giesler) to developing scouting cards.

Dr. Slack, administration advisor, provided future options to the committee. These included: 1) To write a new proposal for establishment of a new NCR committee; 2) To renew the current committee for another year with a proposal to be submitted no later than September 1, 2004. Proposal for a new soybean rust committee was discussed. Committee unanimously passed to establish a rewrite committee. Objectives for the new committee were discussed and established. 1) To coordinate activities for early detection survey such as development of survey procedures. 2) To conduct risk communication; 3) to develop recommendations for SBR management for the US soybean production region.

Next meeting location was discussed. Porto Rico was suggested for potential meeting location as this island may be a potential area for soybean rust over-wintering.

Dr. Ray Schneider moved to thank Dr. M. Bonde, Dr. R. Frederick, and their staff for their excellent efforts in preparation of this meeting. He commented that the hand-on session in containment facility has put our committee members several years ahead of others in terms of disease identification and management. Committee Chair, X.B. Yang was to write the letter. Resolution was passed unanimously.


Additional Notes from the previous day activities prior to the business meeting
April 13

Dr. Yang, Chair of NC 504, called meeting to order at 8:30 am and made introduction. Dr. Bonde and Dr. Frederick made an introduction to the facility of USDA-ARS-Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit (FDWSRU) and provided details for the visit of Level 3 Plant Pathogen Containment Facility.

Participants were divided into two groups for the visit of the Containment Facility. Group 1 moved to Building 374 (Biosafety Level 3 Plant Pathogen Containment Facility) to learn first hand experience of soybean rust. Group two stayed for discussion and entered Containment Facility after completion of Group Ones visit.

Discussion session was made for both groups. Following presentations were made: 1) Mary Palm, USDA-APHIS, on rust biology; 2) Dr. Matt Royer, USDA-APHIS on APHIS preparation of soybean rust entry; 3) Dr. Reid Frederick, USDA-ARS, on soybean rust research in FDWSRU; 4) Dr. XB Yang, on soybean rust epidemiology and risk assessment update; 5) Dr. Kent Smith, USDA-ARS, on management plan of soybean rust.

The following people participated in this days events.

Participaent: Erik Stromberg, Virginia Polytechnic Institute; Laura E Sweets, University of Missouri; Anne Dorrance, Ohio State Univ.; Carl Bradley, North Dakota State University; Bret Cooper, Soybean Genomics & Improvement Lab USDA-ARS; Jim Kurle, University of Minnesota; Greg Shaner, Purdue University, Anette Phibbs, Wisconsin Dept of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection; Don Hershman, University of Kentucky; Martin Draper, South Dakota State Univ; John Rupe, University of Arkansas; Steve Slack (advisor), Ohio State University; R W Schneider, Louisiana State University; Kimberly Campbell Cooper's soybean lab, USDA-ARS; Jim Steadman, University of Nebraska, Kent Smith, USDA-ARS-OPMP, Seogchan Kang, Penn State University; Marcial Pastor-Corrales, Vegetable Lab, USDA- ARS; Cathie Aime, Systematic Botany & Mycology Lab, USDA-ARS; Glen Hartman, USDA, University of Illinois; Monte Miles, USDA, University of Illinois; X.B. Yang, Iowa State University; Albert Tenuta, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture & Food; Ian MacLatchy, Plant Health Risk Assessment, Canadian Food Inspection Agency; Matt Royer, USDA APHIS; Mary Palm, USDA-ARS; Arnold Tschanz, USDA APHIS; Morris Bonde, Ft. Detrick Host, USDA-ARS; Reid Frederick, Ft. Detrick, USDA-ARS

Accomplishments

Extension<br /> 1. The 60 page soybean rust fungicide manual focusing on the very basics of fungicide application was developed. As of December 2005, 160,000 manuals were distributed in 20 states and Ontario, Canada. <br /> 2. Developed and maintained websites throughout the year concerning soybean rust, telephone hotlines, state extension newletters and more meetings. <br /> 3. In addition to the USDA website, NCDC202 members Assisted with American Soybean Association website to provide state specialists comment concerning soybean rust (www.soyrap.com).<br /> <br /> Research<br /> 1. Sentinel plot system for the south east and north central states was established and coordinated by Dr. Don Hershman (University of Kentucky) and Dr. Loren Giesler (University of Nebraska) working with the USDA team. Sentinel plots were scouted on a weekly and in some cases more frequently by representatives (extension educators) in each state. Soybean samples and findings (+/-) were sent to University Diagnostic labs and the State soybean specialists. Information from these findings was then uploaded to the USDA website (www.sbrusa.com) where the movement of soybean rust could be monitored through the season. The data collected from these plots was then used to develop and evaluate epidemiological models for the short term.<br /> 2. Spore sampling  J. Rupe, R. Schneider and J. Kurle evaluated spore samplers, spore collectors and verification techniques. Soybean rust spore movement was monitored and tracked through the summer.<br /> 3. Fungicide efficacy and timing trials- Participants in each state evaluated soybean rust fungicides for their impact on soybean yields during 2005. Only, Florida, Georgia and Alabama were able to evaluate the effects on soybean rust.<br /> 4. Evaluation of fungicides combined with insecticides and herbicides- Many states evaluated the impact of these combinations on crops. This was especially apparent in the north central region where aphids were a problem in some fields during 2005.<br /> 5. Impact of soybean rust fungicides on other soybean pest/pathogen systems was evaluated in both northern and southern production regions. Summaries of these results were prepared for winter extension meetings.<br /> 6. Evaluation of germplasm, commercial cultivars and soybean plant introductions and development of soybean populations with putative resistance to soybean rust<br /> 7. Evaluation/monitoring of overwintering (alternative) hosts for soybean rust<br /> <br /> NCDC was a major contributor/sponsor to the APS soybean rust symposium that was held November 15-16 in Nashville, TN. Summaries from the breakout sessions were written by NCDC 202 (http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/infocenter/topic/soybeanrust/symposium/)<br />

Publications

Bulletins:<br /> <br /> Dorrance, A.E., Draper, M., A. and Hershman, D.E. (ED) 2005. Using Foliar Fungicides to Manage Soybean Rust. Ohio State University Extension Bulletin SR-2005. 50pp.<br /> <br /> Boerboom, C.M., Cullen, E.M., Doll, J.D., Flashinski, R.A., Grau, C.R., and Jensen, B.M. Field Crops Pest Management in Wisconsin. UWEX Bulletin No. A3646<br /> <br /> Chapters in Bulletins and Books:<br /> <br /> Dorrance, A. E., Hershman, D. E., and Draper, M. A., 2005 Intoduction. Pages 8-15 in: Using Foliar Fungicides to Manage Soybean Rust.Dorrance, A.E., Draper, M., A. and Hershman, D.E. (Eds.). Ohio State University Extension Bulletin SR-2005. 50pp. <br /> <br /> Tenuta, A. E., Hershman, D. E., Draper, M. A., and Dorrance, A. E. 2005 Fungicide Basics. Pages 22-29 in: Using Foliar Fungicides to Manage Soybean Rust.Dorrance, A.E., Draper, M., A. and Hershman, D.E. (Eds.). Ohio State University Extension Bulletin SR-2005. 50pp.<br /> <br /> <br /> Fact Sheets:<br /> <br /> Hershman, D. E. 2005. 2005 Soybean Rust Fungicide Use Guidelines. University of Kentucky Cooperative Exten. Svs. Publication PPFS-AG-S-23. 2pp.<br /> <br /> Dorrance, D. E. Mills, D. Hershman, D. E. and Draper, M. A. 2005. 2005 Soybean Rust Fungicide Use Guidelines for Ohio. Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet. 2 pp.<br /> <br /> Giesler, L.J., Wilson, J.A. and Rees, J.M. 2005. Soybean Rust<br /> Fungicide Use Guidelines for Nebraska. NF05-652. University of<br /> Nebraska-Lincoln Extension.<br /> <br /> Giesler, L.J. and Weissling, T.J. 2005. Fungicides to Manage<br /> Soybean Rust: What are the Product Differences? NF05-634. University of<br /> Nebraska-Lincoln Extension.<br /> <br /> Giesler, L.J. 2005. Soybean Rust: How Great is the Threat for<br /> Nebraska? NF05-633. University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension.<br /> <br /> <br /> Proceedings:<br /> <br /> Giesler, L.J. and Wilson, J.A. 2005. Soybean Rust and Other Foliar<br /> Diseases of Soybean, pp. 83-88, In Proceedings 2005 Crop Protection<br /> Clinics. University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension.<br /> <br /> Giesler, L.J. and Hunt, T. 2005. Soybean Aphids and Rust, pp.<br /> 12-16, In Proceedings 2005 Soybean Management Field Days. University of<br /> Nebraska-Lincoln Extension.<br /> <br /> M. P. Sama, P. Needham, Manager, D. E. Hershman, T. Stombaugh, S. G. McNeill. 2005 An analysis of sprayer droplets using matlab. Proc. National Soybean Rust Symposium, December 14-16, 2005, Nashville, TN. The American Phytopathological Society on-line publication: http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/infocenter/topic/soybeanrust/symposium/posters/48.asp.<br /> <br /> Giesler, L. J. and Hershman, D. E. 2005 An Overview of the Sentinel Monitoring System for 2005: How Well Did We Do? Proc. National Soybean Rust Symposium, December 14-16, 2005, Nashville, TN. The American Phytopathological Society on-line publication: http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/infocenter/topic/soybeanrust/symposium/presentations/Giesler.pdf<br /> <br /> Publications:<br /> <br /> Mullen, J. M., E. J. Sikora, J. M. McKemy, M. E. Palm, L. Levy, and R. DeVries Paterson. 2005. First Report of Asian Soybean Rust Caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi on Soybean in Alabama.. Page 112. DOI: 10.1094/PD-90-0112C. (Plant Disease Note)<br /> <br /> Bonde, M. R., S. E. Nester, G. L Hartman, M. R. Miles, C.N., Austin, C.L. Stone, and R. D. Frederick. 2005. Evaluation of virulence of Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae isolates. Plant Dis. (in press). <br /> <br /> DuPreez, E.D., N.C. van Rij, K.F. Lawrence, M.R. Miles, and R.D. Frederick. 2005. First report of soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) on dry beans in South Africa. Plant Disease: 89:206.<br /> <br /> Harmon, P.F., C.L. Harmon, T.A. Mueller, J.J. Marois, and G.L. Hartman. 2006. First report of Phakopsora pachyrhizi telia in the United States<br /> Hartman, G.L., M.R. Miles, and R.D. Frederick. 2006. Breeding for resistance to soybean rust. Plant Dis 89:664-666.<br /> <br /> Isard, S.A., N.S. Dufault, M.R. Miles, G.L. Hartman, J.M. Russo, E.D. De Wolf, and W. Morel. 2006. The effect of solar irradiance on the mortality of Phakopsora pachyrhizi urediniospores. Plant Dis. (in press).<br /> <br /> Miles, M.R., G.L. Hartman, and C Levy. 2005 Control of soybean rust in an indeterminate cultivar at the Gwebi Variety Testing Center, Zimbabwe, 2004-05. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 60: accepted for publication.<br /> <br /> Miles, M.R., G.L. Hartman, and C Levy. 2005. Control of soybean rust in a determinate cultivar at the Rattray Arnold Research Station, Zimbabwe, 2004-05. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 60: accepted for publication.<br /> <br /> Miles, M.R., G.L. Hartman, and R.D. Frederick. 2005. Management of Asian Soybean Rust. Pages 23-27 in Proceedings: 2005 Illinois Crop Protection Technology Conference. University of Illinois Extension, Urbana.<br /> <br /> Miles, M.R., G.L. Hartman, N. van Rij, S. Tweer, E. du Preez, and K. Lawrance. 2005. Evaluations of fungicides for control of soybean rust in the cultivar Prima 2000 near Cedara, South Africa, 2004-05. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 60: accepted for publication.<br /> <br /> Miles, M.R., R. D. Frederick, and G. L. Hartman. 2006. Evaluation of soybean germplasm for resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Plant Health Progress (in press).<br /> <br /> Mueller, T.A., M.R. Miles, G.L. Hartman, and W. Morel. 2005. Evaluations of fungicides for the control of soybean rust at Bella Vista, Paraguay, 2004-2005. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 60: accepted for publication.<br /> <br /> Yorinori, J.T., W.M. Paiva, R.D. Frederick, L.M. Costamilan, P.F. Bertagnolli, G.L. Hartman, C.V. Godoy, and J. Nunes Jr. 2005. Epidemics of soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) in Brazil and Paraguay from 2001 to 2003. Plant Disease 89:675-677.<br /> <br /> Koval, N.C., and Grau, C.R. 2005. Soybean Rust Management in Wisconsin. Proceedings of the 2004 Wisconsin Fertilizer, Aglime, and Pest Management Conference. Vol 44:86-94.<br /> <br /> <br /> Abstracts for Posters:<br /> <br /> K. Koch, D. Ragsdale, B. Potter, and J. Kurle. Suppression of Entomopathogens of Soybean Aphid by Foliar Fungicides. National Soybean Rust Symposium. Sponsored by the American Phytopathological Society. Nashville, TN. 14-16 Nov. 2005. (http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/infocenter/topic/soybeanrust/symposium/posters/44.asp)<br /> <br /> J. Kurle, V. Bowersox, R. Claybrooke, S.V. Krupa, C. Barnes, and L. Szabo. 2005: Introduction and spread of soybean rust spores in the North Central United States. National Soybean Rust Symposium. Sponsored by the American Phytopathological Society. Nashville, TN. 14-16 Nov. 2005. (http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/infocenter/topic/soybeanrust/symposium/posters/19.asp)<br /> <br /> Sikora, E. J. and J. Mullen. 2005. Distribution of Asian soybean rust in Alabama in 2004. Phytopathology 95:S97. (Abstract from APS meeting)<br /> <br />

Impact Statements

1. Producers, crop advisors, extension educators, and the ag community at large were trained and management plans were developed before the soybean rust was present in the US. Specifically training focused on how to identify and scout for soybean rust using products developed and produced by this committee (soybean rust ID card, preserved-killed-embedded symptomatic soybean leaves, and a fungicide manual). Much attention was devoted to developing and disseminating strategies and tactics for managing this disease.
2. Soybean rust development and movement were monitored through joint efforts of the USDA and the University Land Grant System through a comprehensive and widely implemented sentinel plot system, which was supported by soybean check-off dollars (North Central Soybean Research Program, United Soybean Board, and state commodity boards). Soybean rust finds as well as state commentaries were posted on a dedicated USDA website (www.sbrusa.net), which was heavily utilized by all segments of the soybean industry, the public at large, and media outlets. This website was visited by more than 100,000 users during the 2005 growing season.
3. Producers in each state were able to monitor the development and spread of soybean rust on a daily basis, and commentaries from experts in each state were delivered via the USDA website, telephone hot lines, extension newsletters, email list servers, websites developed in each state, and numerous presentations throughout the growing season.
4. The information provided by the committee in 2005 instilled confidence among growers and ag. industry that soybean rust was not present in northern and southcentral soybean production regions. As a result fungicides were not applied to millions of acres of soybean and U.S. soybean producers saved millions of dollars in unneeded chemical costs. In the southeast, where the disease was reported, the guidelines provided by the committee were used to make timely and effective fungicide applications.

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