W128: Micro-Irrigation: Management Practices to Sustain Water Quality and Agricultural Productivity

(Multistate Research Project)

Status: Inactive/Terminating

Project Menu

SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[01/08/2002] [01/03/2003] [04/09/2004]

Date of Annual Report: 01/08/2002

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 11/07/2001 - 11/09/2001
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2000 - 09/01/2001

Participants

Mahbub Alam, Kansas State University
Mike Burke, Oregon State University
Carl Camp, ARS, North Carolina
Gary Clark, Kansas State University
Steve Evett, ARS, Texas
Freddie Lamm, Kansas State University
Bruce Lesikar, Texas A&M University
Daniela O'Keefe. University of Virgin Islands
Mick O'Neill, New Mexico State University
Larry Parsons, University of Florida
Dana Porter, Texas A&M University
Danny Rogers, Kansas State University
Larry Schwankl, University of California, Davis
Ken Shackel, University of California, Davis
Clinton Shock, Oregon State University
Prem Singh, University of Guam
Tom Spofford, NRCS
Hank Taber, Iowa State University
Todd Trooien, South Dakota State University

Brief Summary of Minutes

The 2001 Business Meeting was convened.

The Minutes of the 2000 Meeting were discussed and it was moved (Shackel moved, Taber seconded) that the minutes be accepted. The vote was unanimous in favor of acceptance.

Discussion on nomination of an incoming Secretary was opened. Clint Shock volunteered to serve as Secretary in 2002. It was moved (Clark moved, Shackel seconded) that Clint be the 2002 W-128 Secretary. The motion was unanimously accepted.

Discussion was opened on the location of the 2002 meeting. It was suggested that the W-128 meeting be held in conjunction with the 2002 IA meeting in New Orleans (Oct 24-26, 2002). Jackie Robbins, an irrigation equipment dealer in the New Orleans area, had volunteered to arrange a tour for W-128 members. After some discussion, a decision was tabled until further discussion which was to be held the next morning (Wed, 11/7/01).

Freddie Lamm discussed the results of the W-128 technical session at the 2001 IA conference. Approximately 45-50 attended the session. It was felt that the IA technical session was effective in getting W-128 activities recognized and it was an effective means of extending the results of W-128 sponsored research.

Freddie Lamm also discussed the current status of the rewrite of the microirrigation book Trickle Irrigation for Crop Production. Numerous W-128 members are contributing authors. Drafts of all the chapters have been submitted and revisions are proceeding.

Maintenance and hosting of the W-128 web site was discussed. New Mexico was not interested in continuing to host the web site. Clint Shock, Oregon, will take over hosting and maintaining the web site. He will work with Mike Burke to make sure that the W-128 membership list is up to date and posted to the web site.

Tuesday mornings business meeting concluded and State reports commenced

The meeting adjourned at 5:10 pm.

Wednesdays (11/7/01) meeting began at 8:25 AM.

A break was taken at 10:30 AM.

At 10:50 AM, the business meeting was re-convened to discuss the location of the 2002 meeting. It was decided that the W-128 meeting would be held beginning Oct 22, 2002 and ending at noon on Oct 24, 2002 in New Orleans. The IA meeting begins on the afternoon of Oct 24 and continuing through Oct 26, 2002.

Freddie Lamm will investigate again having a W-128 technical session at the IA conference.

Mike Burke gave an update on the status of the W-128 project. Discussed was the current membership of the project. He also discussed that a publication list, a list of students (undergrad and grad) who have been involved with W-128 related activities, and oral presentations by W-128 members extending the results of W-128 activities will need to be submitted.

It was also decided that Mike Burke would work with Clint Shock to get an updated W-128 membership list on the web site.

The Wed AM business meeting adjourned at 11:30 AM.

State reports resumed at 1:00 PM.

The W-128 Wednesday meeting adjourned at 6:00 PM.

Thursday (11/8/01) meeting of W-128 was a Technical Tour. The tour began at 7:40 AM and included five stops.

The first stop was a Turfgrass Demonstration Site. We were met by Joe Taylor of the Bexar County Texas Cooperative Extension who explained the demonstration and its out-reach activities.

The second stop was site in which water interception by Juniper trees was being investigated. The W-128 tour was met by Keith Owens of the Uvalde Research and Extension Center who discussed the on-going research work.

The third stop of the tour was the Honey Creek State Natural Area. We were met by NRCS and Texas CE personnel who discussed activities in the area. Among other topics, a USGS monitoring weather site was visited.

The fourth stop was an application site of effluent through subsurface drip dispersal systems. Paul Reynolds of Wastewater Technologies met the tour at a school site where such a system was in place.

The final stop was a site where subsurface drip systems were being used for pepper production. Jerry Parsons of Bexar Co. Texas CE met the tour and explained the on-going trial.

The days tour ended at approximately 4:00 PM.

Accomplishments

State Reports: California Ken Shackel reported on activities involving use of tree water status (prunes emphasized), measured using the pressure chamber, in Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) strategies. Larry Schwankl reported on work with chemigation safety educational efforts. A leaflet Chemigation Systems for Trees and Vines prepared was passed out to W-128 members. In addition, a CD with a Powerpoint presentation on Chemigation Safety and pdf drawings of chemigation safety equipment layouts were also passed out. Iowa Henry Taber reported on work using irrigation scheduling, via tensiometers, of bell peppers. Kansas Freddie Lamm reported on work utilizing SDI techniques on field corn. Considerable discussion was held regarding use of SDI placed at various depths. Gary Clark reported on work with land application of wastewater. This work included establishment of drainage lysimeter to facilitate the work. Mahbub Alam reported on work with use of SDI on alfalfa. South Dakota Todd Trooien reported on initiated work with application of manure wastewater through SDI systems, South Carolina Carl Camp reported on work with SDI of cotton. Soil compaction issues associated with the cotton/SDI systems were discussed. Guam Prem Singh reported on work related to use of tensiometers to schedule irrigation of cabbage. Tensiometer placement (depth and distance from plant row) had been investigated and was discussed, Florida Larry Parsons discussed a project in which municipal wastewater from the Orlando areas was being applied to 4,000 acres of citrus in the area. The high quality wastewater, even applied at high rates, had no detrimental impact on the citrus trees. Texas Dana Porter reported on work done with SDI on cotton including the issue of pre-season irrigation losses. She will be investigating using SDI on a cotton/cotton/peanut rotation. Bruce Lesikar discussed use of SDI for the municipal wastewater treatment/disposal. His work is addressing the physical, chemical and biological concerns. Steve Evitt reported on his work looking at comparisons between neutron probe, capacitance, and TDR soil moisture sensors. NRCS Tom Spofford introduced himself and discussed where he felt NRCS and W-128 could interact. New Mexico Mick ONeil gave an overview of microirrigation on-going in New Mexico. He also reported on his work with the Navajo Ag Products Industry in adopting SDI technologies. Virgin Islands Daniella OKeefe reported on the use of microirrigation and improved water management in the production of West Indian hot peppers. She also discussed the use of mulch and varying soil moisture levels on the production of eggplant. Oregon Clint Shock reported on his work looking at water management using soil moisture sensors/feedback systems in SDI. He is looking at these water management in onion, potato, alfalfa seed and other crop production systems.

Publications

California Publications Shackel, K., B. Lampinen, S. Sibbett, W. Olson. 2000. The relation of midday stem water potential to the growth and physiology of fruit trees under water limited conditions. Acta Hort. 537:425430. Fulton A., R. Buchner, B. Olson, L. Schwankl, C, Giles, N. Bertagnia, J. Walton, K. Shackel. 2001. Rapid equilibration of leaf and stem water potential under field conditions an almonds, walnuts and prunes. HortTechnology 11:609-615. Schwankl, L.J., and T.L. Prichard. 2001. Chemigation in Tree and Vine Microirrigation Systems. University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Publication 21599. Presentations There were 9 presentations or short courses (6 in California, 1 in New Mexico, and 2 in Mexico) presented on chemigation, chemigation uniformity, and chemigation safety. Audiences included growers, consultants, government agency personnel, and industry representatives. Iowa Publications Taber, H. G. (Ed.). Annual Fruit/Vegetable Progress Report. 2000. Iowa State Univ. Coop. Ext. FG-601., pp. 27-29 and p. 58. Taber, H. G. 2001. Petiole sap nitrate sufficiency values for fresh market tomato production. J. Plant Nutr. 24: 945-959. Presentations Presentation at Great Plains Vegetable Growers Conference, January 5 and 6, 2001, St. Joseph, MO. Title: Irrigation Scheduling - use of tensiometers. Presentation at Muscatine Island Summer Field Day, July 17, 2001. Title: Irrigation scheduling techniques for pepper production. Kansas Publications Shoup, S. E. 2001. Analysis of the testing procedures for an ASAE collapsible emitting hose performance standard. Invited presentation in the ASAE K.K. Barnes Student Paper Awards Competition. G. A. Clark Advisor. Clark, G.A. and S. E. Rucker. 2001. A specification and performance testing standard for collapsible emitting hose. Proc. Irrigation Association Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX. 81-87. ASAE. 2001. Collapsible Emitting Hose (Drip Tape) Specifications and Performance Testing. ANSI/ASAE Standard S553. ASAE Standards 2001. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI. pp 1000-1004. Lamm, F. R. T. P. Trooien, H. L. Manges, and H. D. Sunderman. 2001. Nitrogen fertilization for subsurface drip-irrigated corn. Trans. ASAE 44(3):533-542. Aiken, R. M., F. R. Lamm, J. P. Ham, and T. P. Trooien. 2001. Deploying sap flow heat gauges in replicated field plots of corn. Agronomy Abstracts A03-aiken140811-P. Lamm, F. R. and T. P. Trooien. 2001. Irrigation capacity and plant population effects on corn production using SDI. In Proc. Irrigation Assn. Intl. Irrigation Technical Conf., Nov. 4-6, 2001, San Antonio, TX. Pages 73-80. Available from Irrigation Assn., Falls Church VA. Lamm, F. R., D. H. Rogers, and W. E. Spurgeon. 2001. Design and management considerations for subsurface drip irrigation systems. In proceedings of the Central Plains Irrigation Short Course, Kearney, NE., Feb. 5-6, 2001. Available from CPIA, 760 N.Thompson, Colby, KS. pp. 29-37. Lamm, F.R. , T. P.Trooien L. R. Stone, M. Alam, D. H. Rogers, G. A. Clark, and A. J. Schlegel. 2001. Using livestock wastewater with SDI: A status report after three seasons. In proceedings of the Central Plains Irrigation Short Course, Kearney, NE., Feb. 5-6, 2001. Available from CPIA, 760 N.Thompson, Colby, KS. pp. 97-104. Alam, M., T. P. Trooien, S. Stone, D. H. Rogers, T. J. Dumler. 2001. Subsurface Drip Irrigation for Alfalfa: An Extension Approach to Address Kansas Farmers Questions. In Southwest Research-Extension Center Report of Progress No. 877, presented on Field Day. Pp 28-33. Alam, M., T. P. Trooien, S. Stone, and D. H. Rogers. 2001. Subsurface Drip Irrigation for Alfalfa in Kansas. In proceedings of Central Plains Irrigation Short Course. Feb. 5-6, Kearney, Nebraska. Pp 38-47. Alam, M., T. P. Trooien, D. H. Rogers, and T. J. Dumler. 2001. Subsurface Drip Irrigation for Alfalfa an Extension Approach to Address Kansas Farmers Questions. ASAE Paper No. MC 01-207, presented at St. Joseph, MO. March 30-31. Workshops There was a one-day in depth SDI educational meeting at Mount Hope, KS, where 79 attended. Five irrigation tours to SDI research and demonstration plots attended by 125 participants. One of this tour included legislative members of Kansas and lead water policy members of the state. New Mexico Publications ONeill, M.K. 2001. Second Annual Four Corners Irrigation Workshop. Proceedings of a Workshop. June 21-22, 2001. New Mexico State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, Agricultural Science Center, Farmington, NM. Walter H. Zachritz, John Mexal, and Ted Sammis. 2001. Land Application of Wastewater in Arid Regions: the Challenge of Balancing Plant Water Requirements and Nitrogen Uptake. New York Publications Comas, L.H., D.M. Eissenstat and A.N. Lakso. 2000. Assessing root mortality and decomposition in a study of canopy pruning in Concord grape. New Phytologist 147:171-178. Lakso, A.N. and R.M. Pool. 2001. Water status in vineyards in erratic climates: effects on productivity and wine quality. Proc. 16th Midwest Regional Grape and Wine Conf. pp. 1-9. Eissenstat, D.M., L.H. Comas, L.J. Anderson, and A.N. Lakso. 2001. Root Biology in Grapes: A Case Study of the Effects of Canopy Pruning and Irrigation on Concord Root Dynamics. Penn. Fruit News (in press). Lakso, A.N. and R.M. Pool. 2001. The effect of water stress on vineyards and wine quality in Eastern climates. Wine East (in press). Oregon Publications Shock, C.C., E.B.G. Feibert, M. Seddigh, and L.D. Saunders. 2002. Water Requirements and Growth of Irrigated Hybrid Poplar in a Semi-arid Environment in Eastern Oregon. Western Journal of Applied Forestry. In Press. Shock, C.C., E.B.G. Feibert, L.B. Jensen. R.L. Jones, G.W. Capps and E. Gheen. 2001. Changes toward sustainability in the Malheur-Owyhee watershed. In W.A. Payne, D.R. Keeney, and S. Rao (eds). Sustainability in Agricultural Systems in Transition Proceedings, ASA Special Publication. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI. p 97-106. Shock, C. C. 2001. Drip Irrigation: An Introduction. Oregon State University Extension, Corvallis OR. EM8782 http://eesc.orst.edu/agcomwebfile/EdMat/html/EM/EM8782/em8782.html Jensen, L., and C. C. Shock. 2001 Strategies for Reducing Irrigation Water Use. Oregon State University Extension, Corvallis OR. EM8783. http://eesc.orst.edu/agcomwebfile/EdMat/html/EM/EM8783/em8783.html Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Special Report 1025. Sexton, P., C. Campbell, F. Crowe, and C. C. Shock. 2001. Drip Irrigation of Seed Onion in Central Oregon: Preliminary Data on the Effect of Tape Placement. p 155-158. Sexton, P., C. Campbell, R. Bafus, F. Crowe, and C. C. Shock. 2001. Drip Irrigation of Seed Carrots in Central Oregon: Preliminary Data on the Effects of Irrigation Threshold on Seed Yield. p 194-196. Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Special Report 1029. Shock, C.C., L.D. Saunders, B. Horn, E. Saunders, and J. Klauzer. 2001. Adaptation of Subsurface Drip Irrigation to Alfalfa Seed Production. p 19-21. http://www.cropinfo.net/AnnualReports/2000/AlfSeedDrpRpt2000.htm Shock, C. C., E. B. G. Feibert, and L. D. Saunders. 2001. Plant Population and Nitrogen Fertilization for Subsurface Drip-irrigated Onions. p 52-59. http://www.cropinfo.net/AnnualReports/2000/ondrip00.htm Shock, C.C., E.B.G. Feibert, and L.D. Saunders. 2001. Micro-irrigation alternatives for hybrid poplar production, 2000 trial. p 93-101. http://www.cropinfo.net/AnnualReports/2000/Popirr2000.htm Shock, C. C., E. P. Eldredge, and L. D. Saunders. 2001. Drip-Irrigation Management Factors for Umatilla Russet Production. p 122-127. http://www.cropinfo.net/AnnualReports/2000/DripFactorial00.htm Texas Publications Jnad, I., B.J. Lesikar, A. L. Kenimer, and G. Sabbagh. 2001. Soil characteristic of a subsurface drip drain field receiving residential effluent: I. Chemical characteristic. Trans. of ASAE. 44(5):. Jnad, I., B.J. Lesikar, A. L. Kenimer, and G. Sabbagh. 2001. Soil characteristic of a subsurface drip drain field receiving residential effluent: II. Hydraulic characteristic. Trans. of ASAE. 44(5):. Lesikar, B.J. 2001. Operations and management of onsite systems. National Onsite Wastewater Recycling Association 10th annual conference and exhibition. October 10-13, 2001. Virginia Beach, Virginia. Lesikar, B.J. 2001. Water movement in a subsurface drip dispersal field. National Onsite Wastewater Recycling Association 10th annual conference and exhibition. October 10-13, 2001. Virginia Beach, Virginia. Burton, D.J. F,H, Harned, B.J. Lesikar, J.F. Prochaska, R.J. Suchecki. 2001. Design principles for drip irrigation disposal of highly treated on-site wastewater effluent. 9th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems. March 11-14, 2001, Fort Worth, Texas (Editor Reviewed) Jnad, I. and B.J. Lesikar, 2001. Characterizing soil hydraulic properties. 9th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems. March 11-14, 2001, Fort Worth, Texas (Editor Reviewed) Jnad I. and B.J. Lesikar. 2001. Characterizing soil hydraulic properties in a subsurface drip drain field. 9th Annual On-Site Wastewater Treatment Research Council Conference, Waco Convention Center, February 12-14, 2001. Waco. Texas. Lesikar, B. J. 2001. OSSF industry: past, present, and future. 9th Annual On-Site Wastewater Treatment Research Council Conference, Waco Convention Center, February 12-14, 2001. Waco. Texas. Popular Press Lesikar, B.J. 2001. Aerobic treatment units. Onsite Insight. National Onsite Wastewater Recycling Association. 10(1):6-8. Graduate Students Supported: Mr. Vance Weynand Undergraduate Students Supported: Mr. Josh Friddell Mr. Jim Cody Welch

Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 01/03/2003

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 10/22/2002 - 10/24/2002
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2002 - 12/01/2002

Participants

ATTENDEES OF THE 2002 ANNUAL MEETING INCLUDE:;

Mahbub Alam, Kansas State University (Tuesday and Wednesday);
Brian Boman, University of Florida (Tuesday);
Bill Branch, Louisianna State University AgCenter;
Carl Camp, ARS, North Carolina;
Gary Clark, Kansas State University, (Thursday);
Dorota Haman, University of Florida;
Terry Howell, USDA-ARS, Bushland, Texas;
Sal Locascio, University of Florida;
Freddie Lamm, Kansas State University;
Alan Lakso, Cornell University, Geneva, NY;
Carl Motsenbocker, Louisianna State University AgCenter (Tuesday);
Mick O'Neill, New Mexico State University;
Manuel Palada, University of the Virgin Islands;
Larry Parsons, University of Florida;
Dana Porter, Texas A&M University;
Danny Rogers, Kansas State University, (Thursday);
Larry Schwankl, University of California, Davis;
Ken Shackel, University of California, Davis;
Clinton Shock, Oregon State University, Ontario;
Tom Spofford, NRCS (Tuesday and Wednesday);
Craig Stanley, Braden, University of Florida (Tuesday and Wednesday)

Brief Summary of Minutes

W-128 Meeting was convened on Tuesday, October 22, 2002, New Orleans, LA

The meeting was called to order by W-128 President, Dana Porter at 9:39 AM.

October 22, 2002

Business meeting:

1. The minutes from the 2001 meeting were distributed and approved

2. Clint is secretary and Larry Schwankl is the incoming chair

3. A committee was appointed to find a new secretary for 2003: Freddie Lamm, Ken Shackel, Craig Stanley, and Larry Parsons

4. We need to start considering dates and locations for the next meeting. Dovetailing with another meeting was discussed

5. We need to look at the project and decide if there should be major changes. Clint passed along Mike Burkes comment that the project was in pretty good shape and needed revision, not a major rewrite

6. State Reports from: Ken Shackel-California, Larry Schwankl-California, Carl Motsenbocker & Bill Branch-Louisiana, Mick O‘Neill-New Mexico, Alan Lakso-New York, Carl Camp-North Carolina, Terry Howell-Texas, Craig Stanley-Florida

October 23, 2002

Field Tour

October 24, 2002

Business meeting:

-Larry asked that all reports of publications, presentations, and students be sent to him

-State reports need to be sent to Clint Shock for posting on the web

-Discussion of the project revision

-Possible title: Increased efficiency and sustainability of natural resource systems through microirrigation

Objectives: Volunteers for each objective

1. Management strategies: Larry Schwankl

2. Design and components: Gary Clark

3. Decision criteria: Reasons in addition to the economics. Most of us can contribute something. Freddie Lamm.

Many of the problems are hardware related according to Freddie Lamm.

Sal, much of the adoption is related to water availability.

4. Educational activities. Clint Shock

-Everyone should send their information on what they intend to do by January 15, 2003 to the objective coordinators

-Once the objectives are done, then we will work over the rest of the project and literature review

-Who is going to take overall responsibility? Larry, Freddie and Clint volunteered to do it

-State Reports from: Sal Locascio-Florida, Dorota Haman-Florida, Larry Parsons-Florida, Manuel Palada-Virgin Islands, Clinton Shock-Oregon, Gary Clark-Kansas, Freddie Lamm-Kansas, Dana Porter-Texas

Accomplishments

PRESENTATIONS CA Microirrigation Management of Orchard Crops-Tehama County,CA Irrigation Scheduling of Tree Crops-Lake County,CA Drip Irrigation Systems in Wine Grapes-Sonoma County,CA Irrigation Scheduling of Walnuts-Yolo County,CA Microsprinklers, Minisprinklers, & Solid-set Sprinklers in Trees-Colusa County,CA field day Irrigation Systems in Almond Production-Shortcourse, UC Davis Annual meeting of the California Almond Board, December,2001 Annual meeting of the California Dried Plum Advisory board, December,2001 FL W. Ha, R. S. Mansell, C. D. Stanley, A. Olsen. Diurnal thermal regimes in plastic-covered soil beds & implications for pesticide fate/transport. 2002 Agronomy Abstracts. Annual Meetings of the Amer. Soc. Agron., Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., Crop Sci. Soc. Amer., Indianapolis, IN, Nov 10-14,2002 A. Olsen, D. Shinde, R. Mansell, C. D. Stanley, W. Ha. Simulated & observed diurnal distributions of thermal regimes in soil beds with polyethylene cover. 2002 Agronomy Abstracts. Annual Meetings of the Amer. Soc. Agron., Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., & Crop Sci. Soc. Amer., Indianapolis, IN, Nov 10-14,2002 R. S. Mansell, C. D. Stanley, A. Olsen, W. Ha. Diurnal distributions of hydrothermal regimes in plastic covered soil beds during tomato production. 2002 Agronomy Abstracts. Annual Meetings of the Amer. Soc. Agron., Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., & Crop Sci. Soc. Amer., Indianapolis, IN, Nov 10-14,2002 C. D. Stanley. 2002. Effect of Water Table Depth & Irrigation Method on Water Use & Fruit Yields for Subirrigated Tomato Production. 2002 Agronomy Abstracts. Annual Meetings of the Amer. Soc. Agron., Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., & Crop Sci. Soc. Amer., Indianapolis, IN, Nov 10-14,2002 Parsons, L. R., T. A. Wheaton, W. S. Castle. Citrus rootstock response to irrigation rates with reclaimed water. XXVI Int. Hort. Congress. Toronto. p. 518 A. D Susila Presented a paper on "Sulfur fertilization for polyethylene-mulched cabbage Annual Meeting of the Florida State Horticultural Society, June 10-12,2001 Stuart, FL Taylor, M. D. "Incidence of blossom end rot & fruit firmness of tomato affected by irrigation quantity & calcium source". Annual Meeting of the Florida State Horticultural Society, June 2-4,2002 at Marco Isl&, FL Performance of Line Source Emitters under Fertigation Using Leachate from On-farm Anaerobic Digester 23rd Irrigation Association Annual International Irrigation Conference, October 25,2002 Efficient irrigation techniques including microirrigation. October 28,2002 Effective Irrigation Management in Ornamental Container Nurseries-Bradenton, FL May 30,2002 Effective Irrigation Management in Ornamental Container Nurseries-Quincy, FL September 26,2002 Improving irrigation efficiency - new production systems for container nursery production. Homestead Florida January 17,2002 IA Presentation at Muscatine Isl& Research Farm Summer Field Tour, July 16,2002. Title: Irrigation scheduling techniques for pepper production; KS Lamm, F. R. & T. P. Trooien. Irrigation capacity & plant population effects on corn production using SDI. Pioneer Agronomy Conference, February 26-March 1,2002, Kansas City, MO NM O‘Neill, Mick, Renae Pablo, Todd Begay. Subsurface Drip Irrigation in Northwestern New Mexico. February 15,2002. Agronomy & Horticulture Graduate Enrichment Seminar Series. New Mexico State University. Las Cruces, NM ONeill, Mick, Dan Smeal, Rick Arnold. Subsurface drip irrigation in northwestern New Mexico. NMSU College of Agriculture, Annual All College Conference. January 3-4,2002. New Mexico State University. Las Cruces, New Mexico ONeill, Mick, Dan Smeal, Rick Arnold. Subsurface drip irrigation in northwestern New Mexico. Improving Irrigation Efficiency in Agriculture Conference, March 20-21,2002, Las Cruces, NM http://aghort.nmsu.edu/seminar/AHS-505-Posters-mick-oneill-(jan‘02)_files/slide0001.htm ONeill, Mick, Dan Smeal, & Rick Arnold. Subsurface drip irrigation in northwestern New Mexico. Improving Irrigation Efficiency in Agriculture Conference, March 20-21,2002, Las Cruces, NM O‘Neill, Mick, Renae Pablo, & Todd Begay. Development & Evaluation of Subsurface Drip Irrigation for Northwestern New Mexico. W-128, Western Regional Collaborative Project for Microirrigation Research. November 6-8,2001.San Antonio, TX 4 Drip Irrigation Workshops/Seminars; NY International Workshop of Functional-Structural Tree & St& Models, Montreal, Canada,2001 NY Wine Industry Workshop, Geneva, NY,2002 British Columbia Grape/Wine Symposium, Penticton, BC,2002 International Horticultural Congress - Toronto, Canada,2002 Keynote on Grape Water Relations & Irrigation for Viticulture Symposium ORAL PRESENTATIONS-VITICULTURE SYMPOSIUM- Poster in Stress Symposium (D. Dragoni senior author) Irrigation Association National Meeting - New Orleans October2002 W-128 Multistate Annual Meeting - New Orleans October2002 Finger Lakes Grape Twilight Meeting on Drought Stress & Wine Quality; July2002 OR Bertolino, A.V.F.A., A.P. Souza, N.F. Fern&es, A.M. Rangel, T.M.P. de Campos, & C.C. Shock. Monitoring the field soil matrix potential using mercury tensiometer & granular matrix sensors, Unsaturated Soils. Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Unsaturated Soils (UNSAT 2002), Recife, Brazil (ed. Juca, J.F.T., de Campos, T.M.P. & Marinho, F.A.M.). Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger, Vol. 1, pp. 335-338 Shock, C.C., E.B.G. Feibert, L.D. Saunders, & E.P. Eldredge. 2002. Automation of subsurface drip Irrigation for crop research. American Society of Agricultural Engineers. World Congress on Computers in Agriculture & Natural Resources. Iguagu Falls, Brazil. pp. 809-816 Shock, C.C., E.P. Eldredge, & L.D. Saunders. Irrigation criteria & drip tape placement for ‘Umatilla Russet‘ potato production. International Irrigation Show 2002 Proceedings, The Irrigation Association. New Orleans, LA. October 24-26. p 8 Eldredge, E.P., C.C. Shock, & L.D. Saunders. 2002. Early & late harvest potato cultivar response to drip irrigation. 26th International Horticultural Congress & Exhibition. Toronto, Canada. August. p 123 (abst) Shock, C.C., E.B.G. Feibert, L.D. Saunders. 2002. Drip-irrigated onion more responsive to plant population than to fertilizer nitrogen. 26th International Horticultural Congress & Exhibition. Toronto, Canada. August. p 97-98 (abst) Feibert, E. B. G., C. C. Shock, & L. D. Saunders. March 21,2002. Improving irrigation efficiency for onions. Improving Irrigation Efficiency in Agriculture, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM Shock, C. C. January 23,2002. Construction & operation of a cost effective SDI system for alfalfa seed production. Idaho/Oregon Alfalfa Seed Growers Winter Meeting, Nampa, ID Shock, C. C. January 17,2002. Irrigation management in relation to potato & onion diseases. 2002 Intermountain Pest Management Seminar, Klamath Falls, OR Shock, C.C., E.B.G. Feibert, & L.D. Saunders. February,2002. Plant Population & Nitrogen Fertilization for Subsurface Drip-irrigated Onions. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Malheur County Onion Growers & the Idaho Onion Growers, Ontario, OR Feibert, E.B.G. & C.C. Shock. July 10,2002. Can onion production benefit from ultra low flow tape? Will this increase the yield of drip-irrigate onions? What irrigation frequency is needed? Malheur Experiment Station Field Day Shock, C.C., & E.B.G. Feibert. July 10,2002. Pruning & micro irrigation of poplar for saw logs & peeler logs. Malheur Experiment Station Field Day Eldredge, E.P. & C.C. Shock. July 10,2002. Are there potato varieties more suitable for Malheur County production & early harvest than Shepody (grown under drip irrigation)? Malheur Experiment Station Field Day Tschida, A., A. Akin, L. Unlenen, & C.C. Shock. July 10,2002. Monitoring soil moisture movement under low flow & ultra low flow drip tape & irrigation strategies for drip-irrigated potato. Malheur Experiment Station Jensen, L. & C.C. Shock. July 10,2002. AM 400 for irrigation scheduling. Malheur Experiment Station Field Day Shock, C.A., & C.C. Shock. July 10,2002. Prediction of potato late blight. Malheur Experiment Station Field Day Akin, A.I., L.A. Unlenen, C.C. Shock, A. Tschida. July 10,2002. Fate of 15N stable isotope labeled urea in low flow & ultra low flow drip irrigated Russet Burbank & Umatilla Russet potatoes. Malheur Experiment Station Field Day TX The Soil & Water Management Research Unit‘s web site was upgraded to include a new page specifically for microirrigation. http://www.cprl.ars.usda.gov/programs/drip.htm for papers Steve Evett delivered the seminar "ARS - NRCS Cooperative Efforts in Water Management" at the USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, Oxford, MS, 2002, to ARS & University of Mississippi researchers & Mississippi State & NRCS extension personnel Steve Evett, & Dennis Carman of NRCS, presented "Research Needs in Water Management" to the Arkansas Irrigated Agriculture Coalition in Little Rock, AR, on July 16,2001, where they projected a strategic plan for ARS-NRCS-university joint irrigation & water quality research in the Lower Mississippi River Valley Terry Howell presented "New Ideas for Improving Irrigation Water Use Efficiency" at the Great Plains Foundation Symposium, Protection & Utilization of Air & Water Resources of the Great Plains‘, Texas A&M Center, Amarillo, April 1-3,2002 VIRGIN ISLANDS 23rd Annual International Irrigation Show & Conference in New Orleans, LA, October 24-26,2002. 2 papers: 1)Yield & Irrigation Water Use of Fruit Vegetables Grown with Plastic & Straw Mulch in the U.S. Virgin Islands 2)Utilization of Recycled Aquaculture Water & Effluents for Forage & Vegetable Crops in the U.S. Virgin Islands Annual meeting of W-128 Regional project on microirrigation in New Orleans, LA on October 22-24,2002. Presented the progress of our work on drip irrigation with hot peppers & eggplant 98th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Horticultural Science in Sacramento, California on July 22-25,2001. Presented a poster titled Drip Irrigation of Fresh Market Tomatoes Under Organic & Synthetic Mulch; WY Zhang, R.,2000. Estimating soil hydraulic properties from the disk infiltrometer. Groundwater/Vadose Zone Integration Project Advanced Vadose Zone Characterization Workshop, Richl&, Washington (inv) Huang, G., & R. Zhang,2000. An analytical solution of effective hydraulic conductivity. The Chinese-Israeli International Bilateral Workshop on Water Saving Agriculture. Beijing, China (inv) Zhang, R., H. Huang, & L. Ren. 2000. A generalized transfer function model for chemical transport in soils. American Society of Agronomy/Soil Science Society of America National Meeting, Minneapolis, MN Huang, G, R. Zhang, S. Feng, W. Zhan, L. Gan. 2000. Spatial variability of unsaturated flow: Field study. American Society of Agronomy/Soil Science Society of America National Meeting, Minneapolis, MN Hao, X., R. Zhang, & S. Kang. 2000. Modeling nitrate transport & root uptake under different irrigation practices. American Society of Agronomy/Soil Science Society of America National Meeting, Minneapolis, MN Hao, X., & R. Zhang. 2001. Modeling nitrate transport & root uptake under different irrigation practices. American Society of Agronomy/Soil Science Society of America National Meeting, Charlotte, NC Tan, Y., & R. Zhang. 2001. Modeling nitrate transport & root uptake under different irrigation practices. American Society of Agronomy/Soil Science Society of America National Meeting, Charlotte, NC Zhang, R. 2002. Spatial variability & scale dependency in the porous media. Research Institute of Mathematics & System Science, the Academy of Science of China, Beijing (inv) Zhang, R. 2002. Best management practices in irrigation. The Northwest Agricultural University, Yanglin (inv)

Publications

CA Abidine, A. Z., B. C. Heidman, S. K. Upadhyaya, and D. J. Hills. 2002. Application of RTK GPS based auto-guidance system in agricultural production. American Society of Agricultural Engineers Paper Number 02-1152. 11 pages including 2 tables and 5 figures. July. Hills, D. J. and M. J. Brenes. 2001. Microirrigation of Wastewater Effluent Using Drip Tape. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 17(3):303-308. Lampinen, B.D, K.A. Shackel, S.M. Southwick, W.H. Olson, 2001. Deficit irrigation strategies using midday stem water potential in prune. Irrig. Sci. 20:47-54. Schwankl, L.J., 2003 (in press). Filtration and Particulate Removal. Encyclopedia of Water Science. Marcel Dekker. Schwankl, L.J. In press. Fertigation. Pistachio Production Manual. University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Schwankl, L.J. In press. Irrigation Systems. Pistachio Production Manual. University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Schwankl, L.J. In press. Fertigation. Citrus Production Manual. University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Talozi, S. A. and D. J. Hills. 2001. Simulating Emitter Clogging Effects on a Microirrigation Subunit. Transactions of the ASAE. 44(6): 1503-1509. Talozi, S. A., and D. J. Hills. 2002. Hydraulic design considerations for microirrigation laterals in landscape. American Society of Agricultural Engineers Paper Number 02-2249. 23 pages including 1 table and 11 figures. July. FL Boman, B., Parsons, L. Water and Florida Citrus. 2002. Chapter 4. Water Management: Use, Regulatory Irrigation, and Management System. Editor: Boman, B. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida. Pp. 32-39 Boman, B., Parsons, L. Water and Florida Citrus. 2002. Chapter 7. Water Resources of Florida. Editor: Boman, B. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida. Pp. 67-74 Boman, B., Parsons, L. 2002. Water and Florida Citrus. Chapter 15. Soil Water Measuring Devices. Editor: Boman, B. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida. Pp. 148-162 Boman, B., Parsons, L. 2002. Water and Florida Citrus. Chapter 16. Evapotranspiration. Editor: Boman, B. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida. Pp. 163-174 Boman, B., Parsons, L., Obreza, T., Stover, E. 2002. Water and Florida Citrus. Chapter 17. Citrus Water Use and Irrigation Scheduling. Editor: Boman, B. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida. Pp. 175-191 Clarke, R. A, C. D. Stanley, B. L. McNeal, and B. W. MacLeod. 2002. Impact of agricultural land use on nitrate levels in Lake Manatee, Florida. J. Soil Water Conserv. 57:106-111. Dukes M.D., D. Z. Haman. 2002. Operation of Residential Irrigation System Controllers. Extension Bulletin AE 220. EDIS/ IFAS. University of Florida. Fares, A., L. R. Parsons, T. A. Wheaton, K. T. Morgan, J. Simunek, and M. Th. Van Genuchten. 2001. Simulated drip irrigation with different soil types. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 114:22-24. Haman D.Z., S. Irmak, T.H. Yeager. 2002. Grow plants with less water: A new production system for container plants. American Nurseryman, October 2002, 54-56. Haman D.Z., M.D. Dukes.2002. Retrofitting a traditional in-ground sprinkler irrigation system for microirrigation of landscape plants. Extension Bulletin AE 222. EDIS/ IFAS. University of Florida. Haman D.Z., D.M. OKeefe, A. Barkdoll. 2002. Performance of Line Source Emitters under Fertigation Using Leachate from On-farm Anaerobic Digester Proceedings of 23rd Irrigation Association Annual International Irrigation Conference, October 24-26, 2002. Haman D. Z., M. D. Dukes. 2002. Residential Irrigation System Rainfall Shutoff Devices. Extension Bulletin AE 221. EDIS/ IFAS. University of Florida Irmak, S., D. Z. Haman, A. Irmak, J. W. Jones, K. L. Campbell, and T. H. Yeager. 2002. New irrigation-plant production system for water conservation in ornamental nurseries: I. Quantification and evaluation of irrigation, runoff, plant biomass, and irrigation efficiencies. Transactions of the ASAE (in review). Irmak, S., D. Z. Haman, A. Irmak, K. L. Campbell, J. W. Jones, and T. L. Crisman. 2002. New irrigation-plant production system for water conservation in ornamental nurseries: II. Analyses of growth and stress parameters of Viburnum odoratissimum (Ker-gawl) grown in white and black multi-pot box systems and conventional system. Transactions of the ASAE (in review). Irmak, S., and D.Z. Haman. 2002. Comparison of five methods for estimating pan evaporation in Florida. HortTechnology (in review). Nogueira, L.C., M.D. Dukes*, D.Z. Haman, J.M. Scholberg, C. Cornejo. 2002. Data Acquisition System and Irrigation Controller Based On CR10X Datalogger and TDR Sensor. Soil and Crop Science Society of Florida Proceedings Volume 62 Parsons, L., Beck, H. 2002. Water and Florida Citrus. Chapter 18. Weather Data for Irrigation Management. Editor: Boman, B. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida. Pp. 192-195 Parsons, L., Boman, B. 2002. Water and Florida Citrus. Chapter 38. Microsprinkler Irrigation for Cold Protection. Editor: Boman, B. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida. Pp. 469-476 Parsons, L. R., T. A. Wheaton, and W. S. Castle. 2001. High application rates of reclaimed water benefit citrus tree growth and fruit production. HortScience 36(7): 1273-1277. Parsons, L. R., K. T. Morgan, T. A. Wheaton, and W. S. Castle. 2001. Wastewater and reclaimed waterdisposal problem or potential resource? Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 114: 97-100. Parsons, L. R., T. A. Wheaton, and W. S. Castle. 2002. Reclaimed watera new irrigation source for citrus irrigation in Florida. Proc. USCID/EWRI Conference. In Energy, Climate, Environment and Water (C.M. Burt, ed.). pp 213-220. Parsons, L. R. 2002. Freeze protection preparations. Fla. Grower 95 (1): 26-27. Parsons, L. R. 2002. Tools for improved irrigation management. Fla. Grower. 95(3): 44-45. Parsons, L. R. 2002. Safeguarding groundwater. Fla. Grower. 95(5): 42. Parsons, L. R. 2002. Water concerns and costs. Fla. Grower. 95(7): 22-23. Parsons, L. R. 2002. Understanding fruit drop and twig dieback. Fla. Grower. 95(9): 18-19. Parsons, L. R. 2002. El Niqo, climate, and Florida freezes. Fla. Grower. 95(11): In Press. Scholberg, J. M. S., L. R. Parsons, T. A. Wheaton, and K. T. Morgan. 2001. Procedures for determining the effects of environmental conditions on plant nitrogen uptake: an alternative approach. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Florida Proc. 60: 40-49. Scholberg, J. M. S., L. R. Parsons, T. A. Wheaton, B. L. McNeal, and K. T. Morgan. 2002. Soil temperature, nitrogen concentration, and residence time affect nitrogen uptake efficiency in citrus. J. Environ. Qual. 31: 759-768. Stanley, C. D. and B. K. Harbaugh. 2002. Water table depth effect on water use and tuber yield for subirrigated caladium production. HortTechology 12:679-681. Stanley, C. D. and G. A. Clark. 2002. Subirrigated bell pepper production with reduced water table depths and N and K fertilizer rates. Soil and Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 61:84-87. Stover, E., Boman, B., Parsons, L. Water and Florida Citrus. 2002. Chapter 11. Physiological Response to Irrigation and Water Stress. Editor: Boman, B. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida. Pp. 112-116 Susila, A. D. and S. J. Locascio. 2001. Sulfur fertilization for polyethylene-mulched cabbage. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 114:318-322. Taylor, M. D., S. J. Locascio, and M. Alligood. 2002. Incidence of blossom end rot and fruit firmness of tomato affected by irrigation quantity and calcium source. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 115: (In press). Tucker, D., Boman, B., Parsons, L. 2002. Water and Florida Citrus. Chapter 1. History of Florida Citrus Irrigation. Editor: Boman, B. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida. Pp. 1-8 IA Taber, H. G. (Ed.). Annual Fruit/Vegetable Progress Report. 2001. Iowa State Univ. Coop. Ext. FG-601. pp. 30-33. Taber, H. G., V. Lawson, B. Smith, and D. Shogren. 2002. Scheduling microirrigation with tensiometers or watermarks. Intl. Water & Irr. 22: 22-26. KS Alam, M. and R. J. Zimmerman. 2002. Subsurface drip irrigation and plastic mulch effects on yield and Brix levels of Kabocha squash. In Proc. Irrigation Assn. Intl. Irrigation Technical Conf., October 24-26, 2002, New Orleans, LA. Available from Irrigation Assn., Falls Church VA. Alam, M., Trooien, T. P., Rogers, D. H., and Dumler, T. J. (2002). An Efficient Irrigation Technology for Alfalfa Growers. Journal of Extension. Vol. 40, No. 3. The article is on line at http://www.joe.org/joe/2002june/rb5.html Alam, M., T. P. Trooien, F. R. Lamm and D. H. Rogers. 2002. Filtration and maintenance considerations for SDI systems. In proceedings of the Central Plains Irrigation Short Course, Lamar, CO., Feb. 5-6, 2002. Available from CPIA, 760 N. Thompson, Colby, KS. pp. 110-121. Alam, M., and T. Dumler. 2002. Using subsurface drip irrigation with alfalfa. In proceedings of the Central Plains Irrigation Short Course, Lamar, CO., Feb. 5-6, 2002. Available from CPIA, 760 N. Thompson, Colby, KS. pp. 102-109. Lamm, F. R., T. P. Trooien, G. A. Clark, L. R. Stone, M. Alam, D. H. Rogers, and A. J. Schlegel. 2002. Using beef lagoon wastewater with SDI. In Proc. Irrigation Assn. Intl. Irrigation Technical Conf., October 24-26, 2002, New Orleans, LA. Available from Irrigation Assn., Falls Church VA. Lamm, F. R., D. M. OBrien, D. H. Rogers, and T. J. Dumlerl. 2002. Sensitivity of center pivot sprinkler and SDI comparisons. In Proc. Irrigation Assn. Intl. Irrigation Technical Conf., October 24-26, 2002, New Orleans, LA. Available from Irrigation Assn., Falls Church VA. Lamm, F. R., D. M. O‘Brien, D. H. Rogers, and T. J. Dumler. 2002. Sensitivity of center pivot sprinkler and SDI economic comparisons. Presented at the Mid-Central ASAE mtg., St. Joseph, MO, April 12-13, 2002. ASAE Paper No. MC02-201. ASAE, St. Joseph MI. 10 pp. Lamm, F. R., D. H. Rogers, and W. E. Spurgeon. 2002. Design and management considerations for subsurface drip irrigation systems. In proceedings of the Central Plains Irrigation Short Course, Lamar, CO., Feb. 5-6, 2002. Available from CPIA, 760 N. Thompson, Colby, KS. pp. 93-101. Lamm, F.R., T. P. Trooien, L. R. Stone, M. Alam, D. H. Rogers, G. A. Clark, and A. J. Schlegel. 2002. Using livestock wastewater with SDI: A status report after four seasons. In proceedings of the Central Plains Irrigation Short Course, Lamar, CO., Feb. 5-6, 2002. Available from CPIA, 760 N. Thompson, Colby, KS. pp. 8-15. Lamm, F.R., and T. P. Trooien. 2002. Irrigation capacity and plant population effects on corn production using SDI. In proceedings of the Central Plains Irrigation Short Course, Lamar, CO., Feb. 5-6, 2002. Available from CPIA, 760 N. Thompson, Colby, KS. pp. 122-130. McCabe, D. 2002. Uncover Water. Two page article with comments from Freddie Lamm. Nebraska Farmer, March 2002. pp. 12-13. Spiegel, B. 2002. Design SDI for the long haul. Kansas Farmer (April 2002) 140(7):12-13. Smith, Steve. 2002. Converting to drip The basics of converting from furrow to drip irrigation. Irrigation Business and Technology, February 2002. pp. 26-28. Trooien, T.P., D. J. Hills, and F. R. Lamm. 2002. Drip irrigation with biological effluent. In Proc. Irrigation Assn. Intl. Irrigation Technical Conf., October 24-26, 2002, New Orleans, LA. Available from Irrigation Assn., Falls Church VA. NM Newspaper articles- NMSU Agricultural Science Center At Farmington To Showcase Research. June 10, 2002. Farmington Daily Times. Ag Field Day Teaches Locals How To Plant. June 15, 2002. Farmington Daily Times. Liquid Remedies / Drip Irrigation Systems May Be Cure To Areas Water Demand. Farmington Daily Times. May 3, 2001. Editorial: Wet Luxury Could Be Costly. Farmington Daily Times. June 4, 2001. Drip Irrigation Study Could Alter Four Corners Farming Practices. Farmington Daily Times. July 4, 2001. Interviews- KOLB-TV, Farmington. Overview of the Science Center and announcement for the ACS-Farmington Field Day. June 11, 2000 Field Day. NMSU Agricultural Communications. ASC research overview. Subsurface drip irrigation. April 24 25, 2001. Farmington Daily Times. Subsurface drip irrigation. Field crop variety trials. May 2, 2001. Four Corners Business Journal. Subsurface drip irrigation. Field crop variety trials. May 24, 2001. KOBF-TV Farmington. Subsurface drip irrigation. Field crop variety trials. Promotion for the Second Annual Four Corners Irrigation Workshop. July 11, 2001. NMSU Agricultural Communications. Subsurface drip irrigation. September 20 and October 12, 2001. Publication A new instructional web site was developed for irrigation scheduling, see http://weather-mirror.nmsu.edu/cropinfo.htm for crop information and http://water-management.nmsu.edu/climate_based_evapotranspiration.htm for climate based irrigation scheduling. The new site includes information on using Samani‘s temperature based irrigation scheduling model. NY Lakso, A.N. and R.M. Pool. 2001. The effect of water stress on vineyards and wine quality in Eastern climates. Wine East 29(4):12-20,51. Bates, T.R., G. English-Loeb, R.M. Dunst, T. Taft, and A. Lakso. 2001. The interaction of phylloxera infection, rootstock, and irrigation on young Concord grapevine growth. Vitis 40:225-228. Lakso, A. N., R.M. Pool, L. Cheng, T. Martinson and K-T. Li. 2002. Drought and Water Stress in New York Vineyards and the Potential for Atypical Aging of New York Wines. Proc. 31st NY Wine Industry Workshop, NYS Agric. Exp. Station. Anderson, L. J., L. H. Comas, A. N. Lakso and D. M. Eissenstat. 2002. Multiple factors in root survivorship: a four-year study in Concord grape. (Submitted to New Phytologist). OR Shock, C.C., E.B.G. Feibert, M. Seddigh, and L.D. Saunders. 2002. Water requirements and growth of irrigated hybrid poplar in a semi-arid environment in Eastern Oregon. Western Journal of Applied Forestry. 17:46-53. Shock, C.C., E.B.G. Feibert, L.D. Saunders, and M. Seddigh. 2002. Initial growth of irrigated hybrid poplar decreased by ground covers. Western Journal of Applied Forestry. 17:61-65. Shock, C.C. and E.B.G. Feibert. 2002. Deficit irrigation of potato. In P. Moutonnet (ed) Deficit Irrigation Practices. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Water Reports 22:47-55. Campbell, C., M. Butler, P. Sexton, F. Crowe, and C.C. Shock. 2002. Drip Irrigation of Seed Onions in Central Oregon: Effect of Tape Placement on Disease and Yield. p 107-110. Campbell, C., M. Butler, P. Sexton, F. Crowe, and C.C. Shock. 2002. Drip Irrigation of Seed Carrots in Central Oregon: Effect of Irrigation Threshold on Yield. p 111-114. Shock, C.C., L.D. Saunders, F.L. Pettet, A.M. Sadowski, L.D. Saunders, and J. Klauzer. 2002. Relationship between Water Stress and Seed Yield of Two Drip-irrigated Alfalfa Varieties. p 27-38. Shock, C.C., E.B.G. Feibert, and L.D. Saunders. 2002. Plant Population and Nitrogen Fertilization for Subsurface Drip-irrigated Onions. p 71-80. Shock, C.C., E.B.G. Feibert, and L.D. Saunders. 2002. Micro-irrigation Alternatives for Hybrid Poplar Production, 2001 Trial. p 114-122. Shock, C.C., E.B.G. Feibert, and L.D. Saunders. 2002. Effect of Pruning Severity on the Annual Growth of Hybrid Poplar. p 123-128. Shock, C.C., E.P. Eldredge, and L.D. Saunders. 2002. Drip Irrigation Management Factors for ‘Umatilla Russet‘ Potato Production. p 157-169. Shock, C.C., E.P. Eldredge, and L.D. Saunders. 2002. Drip-irrigated Red and Russet Potato Varieties Harvested Early or Late. p 170-177. Shock, C.C., A. Corn, S. Jaderholm, L. Jensen, and C.A. Shock. 2002. Evaluation of the AM400 Soil Moisture Data Logger to Aid Irrigation Scheduling. p 252-261. Shock, C.C., A. Corn, S. Jaderholm, L. Jensen, and C.A. Shock. 2002. Irrigation Scheduling in Long-term Buried Drip. p 257-261. Shock, C.C., E.B.G. Feibert, and S. Jaderholm. 2002. A Comparison of Six Soil Moisture Sensors. p 262-267. W-128 Regional Micro Irrigation web site: Microirrigation Technologies for Protection of Natural Resources and Optimum Production. 2002. (This regional project web site was moved to the Malheur Experiment Station web site). The site was edited and expanded). http://www.cropinfo.net/W-128/w128.html Shock, C.C. and A. Nishihara. 2002. Malheur County Best Management Practices. http://www.cropinfo.net/bestpractices/Malcountybmp.html (This web pages was originally published in 2001, but has been substantially rewritten for users of the web in 2002). TX 2002. Evett, S.R., T.A. Howell, A.D. Schneider, D.F. Wanjura, and D.R. Upchurch. Automatic drip irrigation control regulates water use efficiency. International Water and Irrigation, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 32-37. 2001. Evett, S.R., T.A. Howell, A.D. Schneider, D.F. Wanjura, and D.R. Upchurch. Water use efficiency regulated by automatic drip irrigation control. Pp. 49-56 In 2001 Proceedings. International Irrigation Show. Oct. 31 - Nov. 7, San Antonio, Texas. The Irrigation Association, Falls Church, VA 2001. Schneider, A.D., T.A. Howell, and S.R. Evett. Comparison of SDI, LEPA and spray irrigation efficiency. Paper no. 012019. Presented at the ASAE Annual International Meeting, Sacramento, CA, July 29-Aug. 1. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659 USA. 2000. Evett, S.R., T.A. Howell, and A.D. Schneider. 2000. Water and energy balances for surface and subsurface drip irrigated corn. International Water and Irrigation Journal, 20(4):18-22. Pp. 10-14 In Revista Internacional de Aqua y Riego (Spanish language version). 2000. Evett, S.R., T.A. Howell, A.D. Schneider, D.R. Upchurch, and D.F. Wanjura. Automatic drip irrigation of corn and soybean. Pp. 401-408 In Robert G. Evans, Brian L. Benham, and Todd P. Trooien (ed) Proceedings of the 4th Decennial National Irrigation Symposium, Nov. 14-16, Phoenix, AZ. 2000. Vick, B.D., R.N. Clark, and S.R. Evett. Wind-powered drip irrigation systems for fruit trees. ASAE Paper No. 004030. Presented at the 2000 ASAE Annual International Meeting, Milwaukee, WI, July 9-12, 2000. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659 USA. 15 pp. 1999. Burke, J.J., and S.R. Evett. Identification of the temperature threshold for soybean irrigation. Soybean Res. World Conf. Proc. 1997. Howell, T.A., A.D. Schneider, and S.R. Evett. Subsurface and surface microirrigation of corn - Southern High Plains. Trans. ASAE 40(3):635-641 1996. Evett, S.R., T.A. Howell, A.D. Schneider, D.R. Upchurch, and D.F. Wanjura. Canopy temperature based automatic irrigation control. Pp. 207-213 In C.R. Camp, E.J. Sadler, and R.E. Yoder (eds.) Proceedings of the International Conference on Evapotranspiration and Irrigation Scheduling. Nov. 3-6, 1996, San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A. 1166 pp. 1995. Evett, S.R., T.A. Howell, and A.D. Schneider. Energy and water balances for surface and subsurface drip irrigated corn. Pp. 135-140 In F.R. Lamm (ed.) Microirrigation for a Changing World: Conserving Resources/Preserving the Environment. Proc. Fifth International Microirrigation Congress, Orlando, Florida, April 2-6, 1995. VIRGIN ISLANDS Palada, M.C., E. Valencia and S.M.A. Crossman. 2002. Utilization of recycled aquaculture water and effluents for forage and vegetable crops in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Proc. of the Irrigation Association Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana (CD version). Palada, M.C., S.M.A. Crossman, A.M. Davis, and J.A. Kowalski. 2002. Yield and irrigation water use of fruit vegetables grown with plastic and straw mulch in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Proc. of the Irrigation Association Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana (CD version). Palada, M.C., S.M.A. Crossman and C.D. Collingwood. 2001. Raising vegetable production with microirrigation. International Water & Irrigation 21 (2):41-44. Palada, M.C. and D.A. OKeefe. 2001. Response of hot pepper cultivars to levels of drip irrigation. Proc. Caribbean Food Crops Soc. 37:190-196. Palada, M.C., S.M.A. Crossman and A.M. Davis. 2001. Tomato production under organic and synthetic mulch with drip irrigation. HortScience 36(3):588 (abstract). WY Cassel-Sharmasarkar, F., S. Sharmasarkar, R. Zhang, G. F. Vance, S. D. Miller, and J. M. Reddy. 2000. Modeling nitrate movement under flood and drip irrigation. International Commission of Irrigated and Drainage Journal 1:43-54. Zhang, R., A. Krzyszowska-Waitkus, G. F. Vance, and J. Qi. 2000. Pesticide transport in field soils. Advances in Environmental Research 4:59-68. Zhang, R., 2000. A generalized transfer function model for solute transport in heterogeneous soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 64:1959-1602. Cassel-Sharmasarkar, F., S. Sharmasarkar, S. D. Miller, L. J. Held, G. F. Vance and R. Zhang. 2000. Assessment of microirrigation for sugarbeet production. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 17:17-32. Cassel Sharmasarkar, F., S. Sharmasarkar, S.D. Miller, G.F. Vance, and R. Zhang. 2001. Assessment of drip and flood irrigation on water and fertilizer use efficiencies for sugarbeets. Agricultural Water Management 46:241-251. Cassel Sharmasarkar, F., S. Sharmasarkar, S.D. Miller, G.F. Vance, and R. Zhang. 2001. Assessment of drip and flood irrigation on water and fertilizer use efficiencies for sugarbeets. Agricultural Water Management 46:241-251. Cassel Sharmasarkar, F., S. Sharmasarkar, L.J. Held, S.D. Miller, G.F. Vance, and R. Zhang. 2001. Agroeconomic analysis of drip irrigation for sugarbeet production. Agronomy Journal 93:517-523. Zuo, Q. and R. Zhang. 2002. Estimating root water uptake using an inverse method. Soil Science (in press). Ren, L., M. Mao, and R. Zhang. 2002. Estimating nitrate leaching with a transfer function model incorporating net-mineralization and uptake of nitrogen. Journal of Environment Quality (in press).

Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 04/09/2004

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 10/22/2003 - 10/24/2003
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2003 - 12/01/2003

Participants

Daugherty, LeRoy (ldaugher@nmsu.edu) - New Mexico State University AES; Schwankl, Larry (ljschwankl@ucdavis.edu) - University of California Davis; Shock, Clint (Clinton.shock@oregonstate.edu) - Malheur Experiment Station OSU; Stanley, Craig (cds@mail.ifas.ufl.edu) - University of Florida; Clark, Gary (gac@ksu.edu) - Kansas State University; D. J. Hills (dhills@usdavis.edu) - Uiversity of California Davis; Hopmans, Jan (jwhopmans@usdavis.edu) - University of California Davis; Lamm, Freddie (flamm@oznet.ksu.edu) - Kansas State University; Lesikar, Bruce (b-lesikar@tamu.edu - Texas A & M University System; Neibling, Howard (hneiblin@uidaho.edu) - University of Idaho; O'Neill, Mick (moneill@nmsu.edu) - New Mexico State University ASC Farmington; Parsons, Larry (lrp@lal.ufl.edu) - University of Florida; Prestwich, Clare (cprestwich@nwcc.nrcs.usda.gov) - USDA-NRCS-NWCC; Shackel, Ken (kashackel@ucdavis.edu) - University of California Davis; Singh, Prem (psingh@uog9.uog.edu) - University of Guam; Taber, Hank (taber@iastate.edu) - Iowa State University; Yitayew, Muluneh (myitayew@u.arizona.edu) - The University of Arizona; Roman, Elvin (eroman@uprm.edu) - Department of Agronomy and Soil Ag Research Station; Trout, Tom (ttrout@fresno.ars.usda.gov) - USDA- ARS

Brief Summary of Minutes

Wednesday, October 22, 2003

Meeting was opened by Larry Schwankl at UC Davis. Members present were LeRoy Daugherty (Admin Ad.), Larry Schwankl, Clint Shock, Craig Stanley, Gary Clark, D. J. Hills, Jan Hopmans, Freddie Lamm, Bruce Lesikar, Howard Neibling, Mick O‘‘Neill, Larry Parsons, Clare Prestwich, Ken Shackel, Prem Singh, Hank Taber, Muluneh Yitayew, Elvin Roman, and Tom Trout.

LeRoy Daugherty, Administrative Advisor, discussed the new format for Multistate Research Proposals. The new procedure will be electronically submitted and will include objectives, impacts, and milestones. Emphasis should be placed on multistate cooperative projects. The project will be peer reviewed. There will be a stronger emphasis on accountability and stakeholder input. There is also interest in including extension and outreach in the proposal. Each person who wishes to become a member needs to initiate the Appendix E for membership and check with his Experiment Station Director.

State Reports were presented:

Freddie Lamm led discussion on the revision of the Project

CURRENT OBJECTIVES TO BE REVISED ? THESE MUST CHANGE FOR NEW PROJECT

1. To evaluate and refine microirrigation management strategies to promote natural resource protection and optimal crop production.

2. To improve, modify, and evaluate microirrigation system design and components for natural resource protection and optimal crop production.

3. To assess and develop decision criteria for adoption of microirrigation technologies.

4. To promote appropriate microirrigation technologies through formal and informal educational activities.

LeRoy Daugherty stated that milestones and coordinated efforts among states need to be included in the new proposal. Considerable discussion resulted as to how to approach revision of the project and centered on the following working title and objectives:

Reducing Barriers to Adoption of Microirrigation

1. Identify and Assess Significance from industry (perceptual, technical and management barriers)

- survey growers, Mfg, consultants, designers

2. Existing technical barriers

- clogging

- physical performance

- wastewater

3. Management Barriers

- Irrigation scheduling

- Water quality BMP?s

- Urban uses of microirrigation

- Nutrient management

Meeting was adjourned for the day at 6:00 PM

Thursday, October 23

The group met at 7:45 AM for the field tour which began with visiting an almond orchard irrigation study site investigating different irrigation methods ( microsprinkler, SDI, surface drip, single lines, multiple lines). After lunch we traveled to visit a vineyard in Napa Valley (Mondavi Winery). Thibaut Schlasch (Research Viticulturist) explained research on using controlled stress to improve quality of wine grapes. Measurements of stem water potential and soil moisture monitoring were use for irrigation scheduling decisions. After the field site visit, Thibaut hosted a wine-tasting session at the Mondavi winery.

Friday, October 24, 2003

Meeting was convened at 8:00 AM

It was decided to continue work on the project revision and rewrite. Clint Shock began with procedures for written state reports submittal for 2003. The group expressed thanks for the great tour on Thursday and Clint said he would get something for us to sign to send to those who participated in the tour.

Larry S. suggested that Vice Chair be responsible for putting together the annual report and President plan the next meeting.

Next meeting ? discussion centered on Nov 14-16, 2004 (Irrigation Association Meeting in Tampa, FL) Nov 16-19 (Tues-Fri) (W-128) or April 2005.

Ken S. moved Howard N. seconded to plan during the meeting for Nov 16-19, 2004 following the IA meeting ? motioned passed.

Ken S. moved that Gary Clark be nominated as the new Secretary of W-128. Motioned passed.

After lunch, H. Taber moved , K. Shackel seconded, that the minutes from the 2002 Meeting be approved. Motion passed.

C. Shock asked that report input for annual report to be submitted to him by Nov 7.

New Proposal

Gary Clark presented a draft of objectives explanation/justification. Considerable discussion continued to refine objectives and procedures and determine how different states plan to participate in specific objectives. After several iterations and much discussion the following objectives and writing assignments were proposed:

Proposed Working Objectives:

1. To identify and assess the significance of barriers to adoption of microirrigation.

Writing Coordinator, Freddie Lamm, flamm@oznet.ksu.edu

2. To reduce technical barriers associated with microirrigation system design, performance, and maintenance.

Writing Coordinators, Gary Clark and Larry Schwankl, gac@ksu.edu ljschwankl@ucdavis.edu

3. To reduce existing water and nutrient management barriers associated with microirrigation.

Writing Coordinators,

Sub objective a. Irrigation scheduling,

Ken Shackel, kashackel@ucdavis.edu

Sub objective b. Water and nutrient redistribution and management,

Craig Stanley, CDS@mail.ifas.ufl.edu

Deadlines for developing the new proposal:

October 28 ? Objective leaders have outline completed

November 3 ? E-mail to participants for input into the objective outlines

November 10 ? Responses from participants for specific objectives due

November 26 ? Objective leaders? input due to Freddie L./Larry S.

December 19 ? Final version of proposal due

December 19 ? Participants should contact Ag Exp. Stn. Dir of intent to participate

January 15 ? Formal review process begins

State Reports continued

Meeting was adjourned at 5:30PM

These minutes are respectfully submitted,

Craig Stanley, Secretary

W-128 Multi-state Research Project

Accomplishments

Objective 1. To evaluate and refine microirrigation management strategies to promote natural resource protection and optimal crop production Microirrigation continues to grow in various parts of the country as more information about installation, operation, maintenance and irrigation management is developed by scientists cooperating on this project. Expansion of drip-irrigated corn, onion, almonds grapes, apples and poplar trees is related to research efforts. Micro irrigation has the potential to reduce water use, leaving more water in streams, reservoirs, or groundwater. Surface water contamination of streams by runoff can be less with micro irrigation. Groundwater contamination by nitrate and pesticides can be sharply lower. The environmental benefits of micro irrigation can only be achieved if micro irrigation proves to be economically feasible through reductions in other costs not related to the added costs of the micro irrigation system and improvements in crop yield or quality. Testing and demonstration of variable irrigation criteria, plant water needs, plant densities and fertilizer requirements provided growers scientific results to optimize their yields of corn, alfalfa, apples, grapes, onions, potatoes, peppers, tomatoes, and other horticultural and seed crops while reducing water inputs. Plant-based RDI has allowed 40 to 50 percent reductions in irrigation water applied to prune trees, while maintaining or improving economic yields. Water savings in almonds have depended on soil type and depth, with the most substantial water savings on the deepest soils. Work on grape irrigation for juice has encouraged more grape growers to install drip irrigation systems, especially for newly planted Niagara grapes, a growth component of the industry. Also there has been a significant increase in grower interest in and installations of irrigation systems for apples and wine grapes in the Northeast. Drip-irrigated onion has demonstrated increases in onion yield and grade on sites that are difficult to irrigate using other systems. The expansion of drip-irrigated onion has been linked to vastly reduced N inputs and no irrigation-induced erosion and associated pollutant runoff. Thirty to 40 percent less water was required using SDI than with surface irrigation systems. Production function, crop coefficient, and the water use efficiency of corn was established for arid environments under SDI. The salinity study reveled that corn under subsurface drip irrigation can tolerate higher salinity levels than what is reported in the literature. This is a significant finding in that it will help farmers save water by using poor quality water and lower leaching fraction and achieve a good yield level. Determining the threshold salinity value for corn and the yield reduction per unit of salinity under subsurface drip irrigation will help farmers also develop best management practices necessary when using poor quality water for SDI. Cooperative work between several states is testing poplar tree clones for productivity using drip irrigation under the constraint of high pH soils. New commercial poplar plantings are being established as a result of this work. Modeling efforts are underway on soil water movement below and to the side of drip emitters. The effects of soil water movement on soil temperature, salinity, and root distribution are being estimated. Models of crop water use are also being tested. Objective 2. To improve, modify, and evaluate microirrigation system design and components for natural resource protection and optimum production Several field and laboratory tests were conducted across the country and in Guam to evaluate the effects of varying water temperature, stretching, and clogging on drip emitter water discharge rates. Two different products and two wall thickness values were evaluated. These tests were a continuation of the drip tape performance standard tests. A field study was continued with four different microirrigation tubing products and livestock lagoon wastewater. All four products were heavy wall, polyethylene pipe drip tubing products. Two were designed for use with wastewater, and two had pressure compensating emitters. The study is evaluating the long-term performance and maintenance requirements of these products. Tests in several states are evaluating the distance between drip tapes and the placement of drip tapes for optimal plant performance and irrigation efficiency. A versatile potato planter was designed and built in 2003 to allow variable distance between potato rows, between seed pieces within the rows, and variable drip tape placement with respect to the potato rows. The new planter was used to test three different drip-irrigated potato planting configurations at two potato plant populations in two states. A GPS auto-guidance system was developed for placing and maintaining subsurface drip-tape in row crops. The objectives of this project were to determine the effect of spacing between cultivator disks and tractor forward speed on plant damage and the effect of deep tillage operations on drip tape damage. No significant plant damage occurred at 11.2 km/h forward speed and 5 cm cultivator disk spacing from the plant line. No significant damage to drip tape when fertilizer shanks were operated 5 cm from the drip tape at 5.6 km/h travel speed. A survey determined that about 50% of the microirrigation systems in the California Central Valley used higher pump pressures than should be required for these systems. Twenty five percent of the systems had pump pressures in excess of 40 psi. Sources of the excess pressure loss included undersized filters and piping, excessive pressure regulation, and excessive pressure at the emitter. Equipment and management practices were developed to safely and effectively apply soil fumigants through drip irrigation systems. The efficacy of drip-applied fumigants equaled or exceeded those applied through traditional shank application. A device was developed and patented to measure pressure in thin-walled drip tape without puncturing the tape. The ?squeezer? measures force required to compress the tape a certain amount, and converts the force to a pressure. Four tape depths were evaluated with different field crops; alfalfa, corn, and potatoes. Crops were evaluated for stand establishment, water-use, and final yield. Uniform potato plant stands were obtained in all tape depth treatments. Corn stand were directly related to tape depth ranging from a low of 64% in the 9-inch treatment to a high of 98% in the 3-inch treatment. Satisfactory alfalfa plant stands were not obtained. Management of appropriate water application levels at four drip-tape depths was difficult when investigating different crops. Gopher damage continues to plague drip irrigated projects in various parts of the country. Exorbitant time is devoted to splicing drip tape rather than completing other critical duties, especially early in the season when tape damage leads directly to reduced crop stands. Heavier drip tubing placed on the soil surface had less gopher damage and was easier to repair. Ultra-low-flow drip tape was compared to low-flow drip tape for water use and productivity in onion and potato. Several types of soil moisture sensors and data loggers are being tested and compared for irrigation scheduling in several states. Three types of data loggers have been used to automatically read Watermark soil moisture sensors, two of which simplify data collection for growers. Objective 3. To assess and develop decision criteria for adoption of microirrigation technologies. A weighing lysimeter was installed and tested to determine crop coefficients for vegetable crops including broccoli, lettuce, peppers, and onion. A field facility was installed to compare surface drip, SDI, and furrow irrigation management and water use for vegetable crops. Apple growers in the Northeast US are increasingly interested in irrigation due to several significant drought periods in the past 5 years. Apple crop coefficients may differ from those determined in arid climates. In 2002 we estimated water use by multiple replicate apple trees. Mid-season healthy average orchard water use averaged about 3.0 mm per ha (21 mm per week) from mid-June until the end of July. The actual Kc values peaked at about 0.8 in early July, lower than published values. The results showed that the published Kc values for apples for arid climates are approximately 30% too high for the Northeast. Irrigation criterion for alfalfa seed production was examined in the arid west for the third year in 2003. Alfalfa seed yield using SDI was highest with about 14 to 20 acre-inches of water per acre, compared to wetter or drier treatments. This is less than half of reference evapotranspriation for alfalfa. In cooperation with university scientists, growers compared drip irrigation systems to sprinkler irrigation systems for carrot and onion seed production. Carrot seed production with drip irrigation resulted in water savings and increased seed yield. Employing a subsurface drip system to deliver irrigation water may decrease potential for disease infection and spread within the carrot canopy and may provide long term benefits of decreasing water and fertilizer use. Objective 4. To promote appropriate microirrigation technologies through formal and informal educational activities Numerous field days and grower demonstrations offered participants the opportunity to observe microirrigation in a field settings across the nation. Growers were able to gain ?hands-on? experience with drip irrigation systems and new design features. Testing and demonstration of variable irrigation criteria and variations in drip system designs provided growers scientific results to optimize their yields of vegetable, fruit, seed and cereal crops while minimizing input costs. Extensive efforts are made by the participants of this project to provide timely extension materials and reports in formats useful to growers. Many of these materials have also been published on the Internet. Presentations are regularly made at grower association meetings. Undergraduate and graduate students have been included in research programs across the country. Presentations were made demonstrating the benefits of RDI at the annual statewide dried plum and almond industry group meetings. A survey of dried plum growers showed that 6% of the growers state wide are using the pressure chamber to schedule irrigation. A tensiometer demonstration trial was conducted with Amish growers of greenhouse tomatoes in SE Iowa. Although they installed microirrigation tubing they did not know when to water or how much to apply. Two equipment stations, each containing a 6-inch and 12-inch tensiometer, were established in each greenhouse and growers instructed on their use. Results indicated considerable soil moisture tension variability within a greenhouse. The livestock wastewater SDI system is part of the Kansas State University, Waste Management Learning Center. An on-site overview on the use of microirrigation technologies for wastewater application was conducted for three undergraduate lab classes (about 15 students in each class) of Biological and Agricultural Engineering and Agricultural Technology Management majors at Kansas State University.

Publications

Referred Journal Articles Abdel-Fattah, H.M., K.A. Shackel, DC Slaughter. 2003. Methodology for determining almond shaker displacement and frequency. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 19:141-144. Abdel-Fattah, H.M., K.A. Shackel, DC Slaughter. 2003. Substantial vertical tree displacements occur during almond shaker harvesting. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 19:145-150. Abidine, A.Z., B.C. Heidman, S.K. Upadhyaya, and D.J. Hills. In Press. Application of RTK GPS based auto-guidance system in agricultural production, California Agriculture. Anderson, L.J., L.H. Comas, A.N. Lakso and D.M. Eissenstat. 2003. Multiple factors in root survivorship: a four-year study in Concord grape. New Phytologist 158(3): 489-501. Bassoi, L.H., J.W. Hopmans, L.A. de C. Jorge, C.M. De Alencar, and J.A.M.E. Silva. 2003. Grapevine root distribution in drip and microsprinkler irrigation using monolith and the soil profile method. Scientia Agricola. Vol. 60(2): 377-387. Bryla, D.R., T.J. Trout, J.E. Ayars, and R.S. Johnson. Irrigation management practices for maximizing growth and improving crop water use efficiency in young peach trees. Hort Science (In Print) Camp, C. A. and F. R. Lamm. 2003. Irrigation systems, subsurface drip. Encyclopedia of Water Science. pp. 560-564. Clark, G. A. 2003. Irrigation design steps and elements. Encyclopedia of Water Science. pp. 454-458 . Eldredge, E.P., C.C. Shock, and L.D. Saunders. 2003. Early and late harvest potato cultivar response to drip irrigation. In Yada, R.Y. (eds) Potatoes - Healthy Food for Humanity. Acta Horticulturae. 619:233-239. Fereres, E., D. A. Goldhamer, L. R. Parsons. 2003. Irrigation water management of horticultural crops. HortScience 38(5): 1036-1042. Lakso, A.N. 2003. Water relations of apples. P. 167-194. In: Apples: botany, production and uses. D.C. Ferree and I.A. Warrington (eds.), CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK. Lakso, A.N., D.M. Eissenstat, L. Comas and R. Dunst. 2003. Effects of Irrigation and Pruning on Concord Grape Productivity and Seasonal Root Development. International Water and Irrigation 23 (2)32-34. Lamm, F. R. and T. P. Trooien. 2003. Subsurface drip irrigation for corn production: A review of 10 years of research in Kansas. Irrig. Sci. 22(3-4):195-200. Li, K-T., A.N. Lakso, R.M. Piccioni, and T.L. Robinson. 2003. Summer pruning reduces whole-canopy carbon fixation and transpiration in apple trees. J. Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 78:749-754. Palada, M.C., S.M.A. Crossman, A.M. Davis and J.A. Kowalski. 2003. Yield and irrigation water use of vegetables grown with plastic and straw mulch in the Virgin Islands. International Water & Irrigation 23:21-25. Palada, M.C., D.A. O?Keefe and J.M. Mitchell. 2003. Yield and water use of hot peppers under three irrigation regimes. HortScience 38(5):707 (abstract). Palada, M.C., J.M. Mitchell and D.A. O?Keefe. 2003. Growth and yield response of Puerto Rican sweet pepper to levels of drip irrigation in the Virgin Islands. Proc. Caribbean Food Crops Society (CFCS) 39th Annual Meeting, Grenada (in press). Rogers, D. H., Lamm, F. R., and M. Alam. 2003. Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) components: Minimum requirements. KSU Cooperative Ext. Irrigation Mgmt. Series, MF-2576. 4 pp. Shock, C.C., 2003. Soil water potential measurement by granular matrix sensors. In Stewart, B.A. and Howell, T.A. (eds) The Encyclopedia of Water Science. Marcel Dekker. p 899-903. Shock, C.C., E.B.G. Feibert, L.D. Saunders, and S.R. James. 2003. Umatilla Russet and Russet Legend potato yield and quality response to irrigation. HortScience. 38:1117-1121. Talozi, S. A., and D. J. Hills. 2002. Hydraulic design considerations for microirrigation laterals in landscape. American Society of Agricultural Engineers Paper Number 02-2249. 23 pages including 1 table and 11 figures. July. Teruel, D.A., D. Dourado-Neto, J.W. Hopmans, and K. Reichardt. 2001. Structural changes in soybean root system as a response to soil phosphorus availability. Scientia Agricola. Vol. 58:5-60 (In Portuguese). Professional Presentations Bryla, D.R., Trout, T.J., Johnson, R.S., Ayars, J.E. 2001. Improving growth in young peach trees by subsurface drip irrigation. HortScience 36:462-463. Bryla, D.R., Trout, T.J., Ayars, J.E., Johnson, R.S. 2000. Irrigation management practices for improving water and nutrient use efficiency and crop productivity in young peach trees. National Irrigation Symposium. Proceedings of the 4th Decennial Symposium (Addendum), Phoenix, Arizona, Nov. 14-16. Bryla, D.R. 2003. Water requirements and yield of peach trees irrigated by microjet sprinklers and subsurface drip. 4th International Symposium on Irrigation of Horticultural Crops, University of California, Davis, California, Sept. 1-5. Bryla, D.R., Sefton, R.K., Soppe, R., Gartung, J.L., Trout, T.J., Ayars, J.E. 2002. Irrigation strategies for improving productivity and water use efficiency of vegetable crops in central California. 2002 Annual Meetings of the ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Indianapolis, Indiana, Nov. 10-14. Etxeberria, E. and L. Parsons. 2003. Reduced fall and winter irrigation increases brix and delays flowering in Florida citrus. HortScience 38(5): 839. Lakso, A.N., D.M. Eissenstat, L. Comas and R. Dunst. 2002. Effects of Irrigation and Pruning on Concord Grape Productivity and Seasonal Root Development. 2002 Proc. Irrig. Association (CD-ROM). Lakso, A.N. Invited Dept. Seminar, Horticulture Department, Michigan State University. Lakso, A.N. Grapevine water use in NY. American Society for Enology and Viticulture / Eastern Section. Lakso, A.N. Measuring and modeling water use in apple trees in the humid Northeast US. International Symposium on Irrigation of Horticultural Crops, Davis CA. Lamm, F. R., 2002. Advantages and disadvantages of subsurface drip irrigation. A presentation at the International Meeting on Advances in Drip/Micro Irrigation, Puerto de La Cruz, Tenerife, Canary Islands, December 2-5, 2002. Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Canary Islands. Lamm, F. R., 2002. Advantages and disadvantages of subsurface drip irrigation. In Proc. International Meeting on Advances in Drip/Micro Irrigation, Puerto de La Cruz, Tenerife, Canary Islands, December 2-5, 2002. Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Canary Islands. 13 pp. Lamm, F. R. and T. P. Trooien. 2003. Effect of dripline depth on field corn production in Kansas. In Proc. Irrigation Assn. Int?l. Irrigation Technical Conf., November 18-20, 2003, San Diego, CA.. Available from Irrigation Assn., Falls Church VA. Lamm, F. R. and T. P. Trooien. 2003. Effect of dripline depth on field corn production in Kansas. A presentation at the Irrigation Assn. International . Irrigation Technical Conference, November 18-20, 2003, San Diego, CA.. Available from Irrigation Assn., Falls Church VA. O?Neill, Mick, Kevin Lombard, Dan Smeal, and Rick Arnold. 2003. Hybrid poplar for the Four Corners region. NMSU College of Agriculture, Annual All College Conference. January 6-8, 2003. New Mexico State University. Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA. O?Neill, Mick, John Mexal, and Kevin Lombard. 2003. Establishment of hybrid poplar under drip irrigation in the semi-arid Four Corners region. 8th North American Agroforestry Conference. June 23-25, 2003. Corvallis, Oregon, USA. Shock, C.C., A. I. Akin, L. A. Unlenen, Erik B. G. Feibert, and Cedric A. Shock, 2003. Precise irrigation scheduling using soil moisture sensors. International Irrigation Show 2003 Proceedings, The Irrigation Association. San Diego, CA. November 18-20. 12p. Shock, C.C., E.B.G. Feibert, and L.D. Saunders. 2003. Drip irrigation frequency and drip tape flow rate affect onion performance? American Society of Agronomy, Denver, CO. Trout, T.J., and H.A. Ajwa. Application of soil fumigants through micro-irrigation systems. Paper #032021 presented at the 2003 Ann. Meet. of the ASAE, Las Vegas, NV. Publications for Growers, in the Popular Press and Others Akin, A.I., L.A. Unlenen, E.P. Eldredge, C.C. Shock, E.B.G. Feibert, and L.D. Saunders. 2003. Processing potato production with low-flow drip tape or ultra-low-flow tape. Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Special Report 1048. p 167-172. http://www.cropinfo.net/AnnualReports/2002/PotatoDripFlowAnRep2002.htm Camera exposes tree root behavior for peach producers. Capital Press, Apr.,, 4, 2002. Educational tour: farmers, residents to daylong agriculture presentation. Larry Meyer. Argus Observer. July 11, 2003. 111:162 pA1-A2. Effectiveness of drip fumigation examined in strawberry fields. Ag Alert, Oct., 2003. Eldredge, E.P., C.C. Shock, and L.D. Saunders. 2003. First year results of the 2002 to 2006 alfalfa forage variety trial. Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Special Report 1048. p 14-17. http://www.cropinfo.net/AnnualReports/2002/B5aDripAlf02.htm Eye in the dirt. California Farmer, Feb. 2002 (cover article and photo) Got Uniformity? Device puts the squeeze on drip irrigation pressure differences. The Grower, Sept/Oct, 2003. How much water and fertilizer do young trees need? The Good Fruit Grower, July, 2001 Kincaid, D.C. and T.J. Trout. Fluid pressure measurement by mechanical compression of thin-walled tubing. U.S. Patent #6,622,565. 2003. (Patent). Lakso, A.N. 2002. Getting a "feel" for water stress. Finger Lakes Vineyard Notes No. 7 (July 23), pp. 3-4. Lamm, F. R. , D. H. Rogers, M. Alam and G. A. Clark. 2003. Design considerations for subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems. KSU Cooperative Ext. Irrigation Mgmt. Series, MF-2578. 8 pp. Malheur Experiment Station field day showcases research. Karen Strickler. July 24, 2003. Western Canyon Chronicle. p11-16. Neibling, W.H., M. Colt, S. Bell, J. Robbins. 2003. Watering Home Lawns and Landscapes. University of Idaho Current information Series #1098. 8pp. New Pressure Tester Helps Fine-Tune Irrigation Systems. Agricultural Research. July 2003. O?Neill, Mick, Renae Pablo, and Todd Begay 2003. Subsurface drip irrigation for field crops. In: O?Neill, M.K., R.N. Arnold, D. Smeal, T. Jim, C.K. Owen, and K.D. Kohler. 2003. Thirty-sixth Annual Progress Report: 2002 Cropping Season. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. New Mexico State University. Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA. pp. 127-139. http://aghort.nmsu.edu/Faculty-files/Farmington-NMSU-%20AnnRpt-2002%20.pdf O?Neill, Mick and Kevin Lombard. 2003. Hybrid poplar production under drip irrigation in the Four Corners region. In: O?Neill, M.K., R.N. Arnold, D. Smeal, T. Jim, C.K. Owen, and K.D. Kohler. 2003. Thirty-sixth Annual Progress Report: 2002 Cropping Season. NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. New Mexico State University. Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA. pp. 140-143. http://aghort.nmsu.edu/Faculty-files/Farmington-NMSU-%20AnnRpt-2002%20.pdf Onions on drip. Karen Gentry. The Vegetable Growers News. August 2003. p1 and 4. Parsons, L. 2003. Best management practices for fertilization. Florida Grower 96(2): 38-39. Parsons, L. 2003. New book on water and citrus. Florida Grower 96(2): 34 Parsons, L. 2003. Improving fertilization practices. Florida Grower 96(6): 22. Parsons, L. 2003. Shedding light on blight. Florida Grower 96(8): 64. Parsons, L. 2003. Jim Griffiths: The voice of experience. Florida Grower 96(10): 20. Plump peaches that require less water to grow are the goal of research. The Wall Street Journal and the L.A. Times, Nov. 2, 2000. Putting down roots. Western Fruit Grower, Apr., 2001 Qureshi, Z.A. 2003. Impact of Late-Season Irrigation Management on Malting Barley Yield and Quality. Ph.D. Dissertation. Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, University of Idaho. Moscow, ID. 220pp. Rogers, D. H., Lamm, F. R., and M. Alam. 2003. Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) components: Minimum requirements. KSU Cooperative Ext. Irrigation Mgmt. Series, MF-2576. 4 pp. Rogers, D. H., Lamm, F. R., and M. Alam. 2003. Subsurface drip irrigation systems (SDI) water quality assessment guidelines. KSU Cooperative Ext. Irrigation Mgmt. Series, MF-2575. 8 pp. Rogers, D. H., Lamm, F. R., M. Alam, and G. M. Powell. 2003. Shock chlorination for treatment for irrigation wells. KSU Cooperative Ext. Irrigation Mgmt. Series, MF-2589. 4 pp. Scientist‘‘s hard work bears fruit. The Fresno Bee, Nov. 98, 2000. Shock, C.C., E.B.G. Feibert, and L.D. Saunders. 2003. Micro-irrigation alternatives for hybrid poplar production, 2002 Trial. Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Special Report 1048. p 110-118. http://www.cropinfo.net/AnnualReports/2002/Popirr2002.htm Shock, C.C., E.B.G. Feibert, and J. Eaton. 2003. Effect of pruning severity on the annual growth of hybrid poplar. Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Special Report 1048. p 119-124. (Conducted on micro-irrigated poplar). http://www.cropinfo.net/AnnualReports/2002/popprune2002.htm Shock, C.C. and S. Sullivan. 2003. Owyhee 5th Grade Field Day (This is a web site with a virtual field day on it sponsored by the Owyhee Watershed Council). This site was first published in 2002 and entirely rewritten for 2003. (The field day includes an introduction to irrigation methods, ideas of water use, and options for erosion control). http://www.cropinfo.net/owyheefieldday.htm Shock, C.C., K. Kimberling, A. Tschida, K. Nelson, L. Jensen, and C.A. Shock, 2003. Soil moisture based irrigation scheduling to improve crops and the environment. Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Special Report 1048. p 227-234. http://www.cropinfo.net/AnnualReports/2002/Hansen2002.htm Shock, C.C., E.B.G. Feibert, and L.D. Saunders. 2003. Irrigation frequency, drip tape flow rate, and onion performance. Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Special Report 1048. p 64-70. http://www.cropinfo.net/AnnualReports/2002/OnionDrip02.htm Shock, C.C. and J. Klauzer. 2003. Growers conserve nitrogen fertilizer on drip-irrigated onion. Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Special Report 1048. p 61-63. http://www.cropinfo.net/AnnualReports/2002/OnionDripNitrogen02.htm Shock, C.C., L.D. Saunders, G. Tschida, L.D. Saunders, and J. Klauzer. 2003. Relationship between water stress and seed yield of two drip-irrigated alfalfa varieties 2002. Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Special Report 1048. p 18-30. http://www.cropinfo.net/AnnualReports/2002/Alfseed02.htm Shock, C.C., A. Akin, L.A. Unlenen, E.B.G. Feibert, K. Nelson and A. Tschida. 2003. A comparison of soil water potential and soil water content sensors. Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Special Report 1048. p 235-240. http://www.cropinfo.net/AnnualReports/2002/sensortest02.htm Shock, C.C., E.P. Eldredge, and L.D. Saunders. 2003. Tuber bulking rate and quality of processing potato clones in relation to planting date. Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Special Report 1048. p 152-158. (Drip irrigated potato clone performance). http://www.cropinfo.net/AnnualReports/2002/EarlyHarvProcVars.htm Stanley, C. D., R. A. Clarke, B. L. McNeal, and B. W. MacLeod. 2003. Relationship of Chlorophyll a Concentration to Seasonal Water Quality in Lake Manatee, Florida. EDIS publication DLN SS430. Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Stanley, C. D., R. A. Clarke, B. L. McNeal, and B. W. Macleod. 2003. Impact of agricultural land use on nitrate levels in Lake Manatee, Florida. EDIS publication DLN SS428. Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Stanley, C. D., R. A. Clarke, B. L. McNeal, and B. W. MacLeod. 2003. Relationship of Chlorophyll a Concentration to Seasonal Water Quality in Lake Manatee, Florida. EDIS publication DLN SS430. Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Stanley, C. D. and G. A. Clark. 2003. Effect of Reduced Water Table and Fertility Levels on Subirrigated Tomato Production in Southwest Florida. EDIS publication DLN SS249. Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Stanley, C. D., R. A. Clarke, B. L. McNeal, and B. W. Macleod. 2003. Impact of agricultural land use on nitrate levels in Lake Manatee, Florida. EDIS publication DLN SS428. Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Stanley, C. D and B. K. Harbaugh. 2003. Subirrigated Caladium Tuber Production and Water Use as Affected by Water Table Level. Florida. EDIS publication DLN SS247. Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Stanley, C. D and B. K. Harbaugh. 2003. Subirrigated Caladium Tuber Production and Water Use as Affected by Water Table Level. Florida. EDIS publication DLN SS247. Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Stanley, C. D. and G. A. Clark. 2003. Effect of Reduced Water Table and Fertility Levels on Subirrigated Tomato Production in Southwest Florida. EDIS publication DLN SS249. Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Taber, H. G. (Ed.). Annual Fruit/Vegetable Progress Report. 2002. Iowa State Univ. Coop. Ext. FG-601, pp.65. Weber, Mike, Brad Holliday, Marvin Butler, Claudia Campbell, Jim Klauzer, Leroy Buck, Tom Kirsch, Rich Lewis, Harold Siegenhagen, and Stan Sullivan. 2003. Drip irrigation on commercial seed carrots and onions in 2002. 2002 Central Oregon Agricultural Research Center Annual Report. http://eesc.orst.edu/agcomwebfile/edmat/html/SR/SR1046/166.htm Presentations to Growers Alam, M., D. H. Rogers, F. R. Lamm and T. P. Trooien. 2003. Filtration: A basic component for SDI to avoid clogging hazards. A presentation at the Central Plains Irrigation Short Course, Colby, KS., Feb. 4-5, 2003. Butler, Marvin. 2003. Drip irrigation on carrots grown for seed. Columbia Basin Seed Association Meeting, Moses lake, WA. Jan 21. Butler, M. 2003. Drip irrigation on carrots grown for seed. Central Oregon Farm Fair, Feb. 5-6. Eldredge, E.P., C.C. Shock, et al. 2003. Usefulness of Vydate for drip-irrigated potato? Malheur Experiment Station Field Day, July 9. Eldredge, E.P. and C.C. Shock. 2003. Bulking rate of potato cultivars under drip irrigation. Malheur Experiment Station Field Day, July 9. Farmers Workshop. June, 2003. This workshop was held for microirrigation technology transfer and information dissemination for watermelon production. Feibert, E.B.G. and C.C. Shock. 2003. Optimal irrigation scheduling and N fertilization management for drip-irrigated onion production. Malheur Experiment Station Field Day, July 9. Feibert, E.B.G. and C.C. Shock. 2003. Can onion production benefit from ultra low flow tape? Will this increase the yield of drip-irrigate onions? What irrigation frequency is needed? Malheur Experiment Station Field Day, July 9. Feibert, E.B.G. and R. Flock. 2003. Micro irrigation management of poplar for saw log and peeler log production. Malheur Experiment Station Field Day, July 9. Feibert, E.B.G. and R. Flock. 2003. Selection of poplar cultivars for their productivity under drip irrigation on alkaline soils. Malheur Experiment Station Field Day, July 9. Jensen, L. and C. Yano. 2003. Vydate use in drip-irrigated onion. Malheur County Drip Irrigation Field Tour, July. Jensen, L., C. Yano, and C.C. Shock. 2003. Irrigation practices in drip-irrigated onion. Malheur County Drip Irrigation Field Tour, July. Klauzer, J. and C.C. Shock. 2003. Planting configurations and irrigation options for potato. Malheur County Drip Irrigation Field Tour, July. Lamm, F. R., A. J. Schlegel, and G. A. Clark. 2003. Nitrogen fertilization for corn production using SDI. A presentation at the Water and the Future of Kansas Conference, Manhattan, KS., March 11, 2003. Lamm, F. R., D. H. Rogers, and W. E. Spurgeon. 2003. Design and management considerations for subsurface drip irrigation systems. A presentation at the Central Plains Irrigation Short Course, Colby, KS., Feb. 4-5, 2003. Lamm, F. R. 2003. KSU research for corn production using SDI: 14 years of progress. A presentation at the Central Plains Irrigation Short Course, Colby, KS., Feb. 4-5, 2003. Lamm, F. R., D. M. O?Brien, D. H. Rogers, and T. J . Dumler. 2003. Center pivot sprinkler and SDI economic comparisons. A presentation at the Central Plains Irrigation Short Course, Colby, KS., Feb. 4-5, 2003. Larson, L. et al. 2003. Water filtration for drip irrigation systems. Malheur County Drip Irrigation Field Tour, July. Lakso, A. Water stress/irrigation and wine quality problems. NY Wine Industry Workshop, Geneva, NY 2003. Lakso, A. Water Stress and Water use in Apples. Western NY Tree Fruit Schools. Lakso, A. Water Balance in vineyards. Lakso, A. Irrigation in Juice Grapes. Lakso, A. Viticulture. 2003 Regional Grape Symposium. Muscatine Island Summer Field Day and Tour, July 14, 2002. Participants visited a 200 acre microirrigation melon farm. Neibling, W.H. "Irrigation management in the home lawn and garden". Presented at the master gardener training, Jerome, ID. Neibling, W.H. "Managing center pivot irrigation". Presented at the 2003 Oregon Hay Growers Meeting, Christmas Valley and Burns, OR. About 20 and 50 attended. Neibling, W.H. "The risks of deficit irrigation in alfalfa production" Presented at the 2003 Washington Hay Growers annual meeting, Pasco, WA. About 200 attended. Neibling, W.H. "Managing alfalfa irrigation during water-short periods". Presented at the Eastern Idaho Hay Growers Meeting, Rexburg, ID. About 30 attended. Neibling, W.H. "Irrigation management in the home lawn and garden". Presented at the master gardener training, Hailey, ID. Neibling, W.H. "Managing center pivot systems in forage production" Presented as a breakout session at the Western Alfalfa and Forage Conference, Reno, NV. About 120 and 70 attended the two sessions. Neibling, W.H. "Types of equipment and irrigation strategies for roses". Presented at the Twin Falls Rose Society meeting, 6/12/03. Neibling, W.H. "Alfalfa water use efficiency and management: the risks of deficit irrigation" Presented at the general session of the Western Alfalfa and Forage Conference, Reno, NV. About 600 attended. Neibling, W.H. "Managing center pivot systems in forage production". Presented at the 2003 Washington Hay Growers Meeting, Pasco, WA. About 200 attended. Neibling, W.H. "Plant and soil properties important to irrigation system design and management". Presented to irrigation equipment dealer employees at the annual dealer employee workshop at the Idaho Irrigation Equipment Association Show. Neibling, W.H. "Using Hansen meter output to schedule irrigation on potatoes in different soils". Presented at the IDWR / UI Irrigation field day, Rexburg, ID, 6/17/03. Neibling, W.H. "Using soil moisture sensing equipment for water management in alfalfa production". Presented at the UI Forage Field Day, Kimberly, ID. About 60 attended. Neibling, W.H. and W. Weihing. "How much water do you really need?" Presented at the UI / IDWR irrigation workshop, Montpelier, ID. Neibling, W.H. "Irrigating alfalfa under water-short conditions". Presented at the Blaine/Camas Alfalfa School, Fairfield, ID. About 20 attended. Neibling, W.H. "Irrigation management in the home lawn and garden". Presented at the master gardener training, Twin Falls, ID. Neibling, W.H. "Management of alfalfa under water-short conditions, and late season irrigation of malting barley". Presented at the 2003 San Luis Valley Haygrowers Meeting, Monte Vista, CO. About 150 attended. Neibling, W.H. "Alfalfa Water Use Efficiency and Management". Presented at the 2003 Oregon Hay Growers meeting, Christmas Valley and Burns, OR. About 20 and 50 attended. O?Neill, Mick. 2003. Highlights of drip-irrigated hybrid poplar plantation. Briefing to management of Western Excelsior, Inc. September 18, 2003. Farmington, NM. F. Personnel Development. O?Neill, Mick. 2003. Highlights of drip-irrigated hybrid poplar plantation. Briefing to management of the Navajo Agricultural Products Industry. August 14 & 18, 2003. Farmington, NM. O?Neill, Mick. 2003. Drip Irrigation. Seminar presented at the Nenahnezad Chapter House, Navajo Nation. March 13, 2003. Nenahnezad, NM. O?Neill, Mick. 2003. Overview of Oregon trip with particular attention on drip irrigation of hybrid poplar. Presentation to management of the Navajo Agricultural Products Industry. July 29, 2003. Farmington, NM. Qureshi, Z and W.H. Neibling. "Coordination of irrigation and harvest of alfalfa to minimize drying time without sacrificing yield. Presented at the 2003 Idaho Irrigation Equipment Association Show, Idaho Falls on both January 8th and 9th. Qureshi, Z and W.H. Neibling. "Coordination of irrigation and harvest of alfalfa to minimize drying time without sacrificing yield. Presented at the 2003 Idaho Irrigation Equipment Association Show, Idaho Falls on both January 8th and 9th. Rogers, D. H., F. R. Lamm, and M. Alam. 2003. SDI water quality assessment guidelines. A presentation at the Central Plains Irrigation Short Course, Colby, KS., Feb. 4-5, 2003. Shock, C.C. and E.P. Eldredge. 2003. Alfalfa variety performance using buried drip irrigation. Malheur County Drip Irrigation Field Tour, July. Shock, C. C. 2003. Automation of drip irrigation research. WSU Prosser, WA. January 13. Shock, C. C. 2003. Alfalfa seed drip irrigation research. Oregon and Idaho Alfalfa Seed Growers‘‘ Winter Meeting, Four Rivers Cultural Center, Ontario, OR January 15. Shock, C.C. 2003. Potato irrigation management. Potato Production Workshop, Oregon Potato Conference, January 27. Shock, C.A, C.C. Shock, M.K. Hansen, and A. Hawkins. 2003. Automated reading of soil moisture sensors for irrigation scheduling in drip-irrigated onion. Malheur County Drip Irrigation Field Tour, July. Shock, C.C., E.P. Eldredge, et. al. 2003. Planting configurations for drip-irrigated Umatilla potato. Malheur Experiment Station Field Day, July 9. Shock, C.C., E.P. Eldredge, et. al. 2003. A trial to examine the relationship between plant population and marketable yield for drip-irrigated red potato production. Malheur Experiment Station Field Day, July 9. Shock, C.C. 2003. Avoiding potato dark-ends. Potato Production Workshop, Oregon Potato Conference, January 27. Shock, C.C. 2003. Monitoring soil moisture movement under low flow and ultra low flow drip tape and irrigation strategies for drip-irrigated onion. Malheur Experiment Station Field Day, July 9. Malheur Experiment Station Field Day, July 9. Shock, C.A. 2003. Automation of reading Watermarks for irrigation scheduling in onions. Malheur Experiment Station Field Day, July 9. Summer internship program for high school students. July 2003. Trained one student in microirrigation. Taber, H.G. Irrigation scheduling techniques for pepper production. Presentation at field day.

Impact Statements

Microirrigation continues to grow in various parts of the country as more information about installation, operation, maintenance and irrigation management is developed by scientists cooperating on this project. Expansion of drip-irrigated corn, onion, almonds grapes and apples is related to research efforts.
Micro irrigation has the potential to reduce water use, leaving more water in streams, reservoirs, or groundwater. Surface water contamination of streams can be less with micro irrigation than with surface flood irrigation and groundwater contamination by nitrate and pesticides can be sharply lower. The environmental benefits of micro irrigation can only be achieved if micro irrigation proves to be economically feasible.
Subsurface drip irrigation has the potential for improving water use efficiency, reducing weed growth, and improving overall energy efficiency. The GPS guidance system allowed for automatic steering of the tractor and implements close to the buried drip-tape and plants without causing damage to either while operating at relatively high operational ground speeds.
Plant-based RDI has allowed 40 to 50 percent reductions in irrigation water applied to prune trees, while maintaining or improving economic yields. Water savings in almonds have depended on soil type and depth, with the most substantial water savings on the deepest soils.
The salinity study reveled that corn under subsurface drip irrigation can tolerate higher salinity levels than what is reported in the literature. This is a significant finding in that it will help farmers save water by using poor quality water and lower leaching fraction and achieve a good yield level.
Drip-irrigated onion has demonstrated increases in onion yield and grade on sites that are difficult to irrigate using other systems. The expansion of drip-irrigated onion has been linked to vastly reduced N inputs and no irrigation-induced erosion and associated pollutant runoff. Thirty to 40 percent less water was required using SDI than with surface irrigation systems.