S1072: U.S. Agricultural Trade and Policy in An Uncertain Global Market Environment

(Multistate Research Project)

Status: Active

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SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[02/08/2024] [02/07/2025]

Date of Annual Report: 02/08/2024

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 12/11/2023 - 12/11/2023
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2023 - 12/31/2023

Participants

Amanda M Countryman, Colorado State University
Jason H Grant, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (VA Tech)
Choi, E. Kwan, Iowa State University
Andrew Muhammad, University of Tennessee
Gopinath Munisamy, University of Georgia
David L Ortega, Michigan State University
Aleks Schaefer, Oklahoma State University
Andrew Schmitz, University of Florida
Sandro Steinbach, North Dakota State University
Ian Sheldon, Ohio State University
Sunghun Lim, Louisiana State University
Suzanne Thornsbury, University of Florida

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

Our research endeavors target a diverse audience, including national and state policymakers, local and regional agricultural producers, agribusinesses, and rural communities. By addressing the intricacies of U.S. food and agricultural trade, our goal is to contribute valuable insights to these stakeholders. Additionally, our commitment extends to enriching the existing literature in related research domains. Under these overarching goals, our achievements have been significant. Our project primarily caters to U.S. producers and agribusinesses by furnishing them with up-to-date and pertinent information and analyses related to the impacts of both domestic and international policies on trade. In the short term, our project outputs serve to enhance the knowledge base of U.S. agricultural producers and agribusinesses, aiding them in understanding potential policy impacts on product marketing. In the medium term, this knowledge empowers these entities to identify potential markets and make informed investment decisions. By reducing uncertainties and risks associated with relying on a single market, our research facilitates the formulation of comprehensive and long-term investment plans. Over the long term, our study aims to contribute to society by fortifying the agricultural sector through improved decision-making processes and enhanced financial conditions for U.S. agricultural producers and agribusinesses. Ultimately, consumers stand to benefit from a more robust and diversified agricultural sector that results from effective resource allocation. Our research focus centers on comprehending the impacts of U.S. and foreign policies, regulations, market structures, and productivity on U.S. food and agricultural trade, the economy, and the environment. The data utilized for these activities are primarily sourced from the USDA or public-accessible websites. Two notable studies from our research initiatives demonstrate our commitment to thorough analysis and disseminating valuable insights. In the first study, "Financial Performance of Sugar-Using Firms vs. Agribusinesses: Accounting and Economic Profit Rates Analysis," we examined publicly traded sugar-using firms (SUFs) to assess their financial performance relative to agribusinesses and the broader U.S. benchmark. This analysis, encompassing various financial metrics, revealed that SUFs outperformed agribusiness peers and the general U.S. benchmark, challenging recent claims by SUFs that the U.S. sugar program hinders their financial success. Published in the Agricultural Financial Review, this research is crucial for industry understanding. In the second study, "Global Animal Protein Trade Impacts of Large-scale Health Events," we explored the intricate dynamics between large-scale human health events and global animal protein trade, using export data from 2010-2020. Published in Western Economics Forum, our findings offer insights into diverse responses between diseases, products, and exporters, contributing to a nuanced understanding of future health event implications on the meat industry. In the coming year, our research endeavors will continue to evolve with a focus on furthering our understanding of global agricultural dynamics and facilitating informed decision-making in the industry. Building on our successful projects, we plan to delve deeper into emerging trends, exploring novel aspects such as sustainable practices, technological advancements, and evolving consumer preferences. Additionally, we aim to expand our geographical scope by investigating potential export markets beyond our current focal points, leveraging insights gained from ongoing projects. Through a combination of rigorous analysis, strategic partnerships, and knowledge dissemination, we aspire to contribute valuable insights that empower stakeholders in the agricultural sector to navigate complexities and seize opportunities in an ever-changing global landscape.   Here are the outcomes of related research activities:   University: University of Tennessee-Knoxville Reporting Participants: Karen DeLong Accomplishments: Project No. TEN00535 S1072   Members: T. Edward Yu, Karen DeLong, and Andrew Muhammad FY20 covers October 1, 2022 – September 30, 2023 TARGET AUDIENCE Our research aims to help national and state policy makers, local and regional agricultural producers, agribusiness, and rural communities. We also expect to contribute to the literature in related research areas.   PRODUCTS   Presentations (* denotes presenter) <ol> <li>Reed, C., Yu, T.E.*, and D.W. Hughes. “Location Analysis of Grocery Stores in the United States,” 7th International Symposium on Business and Social Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan, June 28-30, 2023.</li> <li>Yu, T.E.*, C. Hellwinckel, and S. Yun. “Impact of Renewable Fuel Development on U.S. Agricultural Land ” Selected symposium. SAEA annual meeting. Oklahoma City, OK. February 4-8, 2023.</li> <li>Fontanilla-Diaz, C., T.E., Yu*, C. Trejo-Pech, J.A. Larson, B.C. English, and B. Wilson. “Economic Analysis of the Sustainable Aviation Fuel Supply Chain from Hybrid Poplar in the US Southeast Considering Alternative Preprocessing Technologies.” TRB annual meeting online, 23-3566, Washington, D.C. January 8-12, 2023.</li> <li>DeLong, K.L. “Evaluating Potential Land Use of Utility-Scale Photovoltaics on Farmland in ” Invited Presentation. Tennessee Valley Solar Conference. Chattanooga, TN. October 18, 2023.</li> <li>Gao, *, C. Grebitus, and K.L. DeLong. “US Consumer Preferences for Different Quality Grade Labels.” Presentation. Agricultural and Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C. July 23-26, 2023.</li> <li>Gao, *, C. Grebitus, and K.L. DeLong. “Effect of Product and Country Image on U.S. Consumers’ Domestic Beef Preferences.” Presentation. Agricultural and Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C. July 23-26, 2023.</li> <li>Boyer, N.*, E. Park, A.P. Griffith, K.L. DeLong, and C. Martinez. Impact of Subsidy on Livestock Risk Protection for Fed and Feeder Cattle.” Presentation. Agricultural and Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C. July 23-26, 2023.</li> <li>DeLong, L.* “Will the United States Continue to Produce Sugar?”. Invited Presentation. The University of Tennessee Science Forum. Zoom. February 17, 2023.</li> <li>Muhammad, A “Agrivoltaic Systems and Climate-Smart Expansion of Solar Energy in Small and Medium Farms” FEWSUS International Conference on Circular Bioeconomy Systems. Buenos Aires, Argentina, December 2022.</li> </ol>   <ol start="10"> <li>Muhammad, A, & A Countryman “Implications of an ASEAN Free Trade Agreement and Sector Specific Outcomes” AAEA and USDA Organized Symposium on Contemporary Issues facing U.S. Agricultural Trade and Trade Policy, (Virtual) September 2023.</li> <li>Upendram, S, & A Muhammad “Rural Broadband as a Foundation for Innovation” Agricultural and Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting, Washington, C., July 2023.</li> <li>Nzayiramya, S, & A Muhammad “How Income and Prices Influence Food Spending Countries” Agricultural and Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., July 2023.</li> <li>Muhammad, A “Green Energy Globalization: The Connection Between EU Climate Policy and S. Wood Pellet Trade” Rod Ziemer Lecture Series, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, April 2023 (invited).</li> <li>Muhammad, A “Implications of a S.-Southeast Asia (ASEAN) Trade Agreement” USDA FAS, Agricultural Trade Webinar (Virtual), February 2023.</li> <li>Muhammad, A “Training a New Generation of Leaders in International Agricultural Trade and Development” USDA NIFA National Needs Fellowship Project Director Meeting (Virtual), February 2023 (invited).</li> <li>Muhammad, A “Rethinking Winners and Losers from Agricultural Trade Policy: The Case of U.S. Steel Tariffs and the Canned Food Sector” Council on Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics (C-FARE) Brandt Forum, New Orleans, LA, January 2023 (invited).</li> <li>Hossen MD, A Muhammad, B Kenner, and D Russel “Supply Chain Disruptions, Shipping Costs, and U.S. Agricultural Trade” International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium Annual Meeting, Clearwater Beach, FL, December 2022.</li> <li>Muhammad, A, C Valdes, K DeLong, and C Grebitus “Effects of Policy and Exporter Competition on Imported Beef Demand in China” International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium Annual Meeting, Clearwater Beach, FL, December 2022.</li> <li>Muhammad, A “Russia’s War on Ukraine and Impacts on Agriculture, Global Markets, and Food Security” Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, February 2023 (invited discussant).</li> <li>Bhishma, R et al. “Willingness to Purchase Rwandan Broiler Chicken Relative to Indigenous Breeds: Evidence from Kigali Restaurants” Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, February 2023.</li> <li>Jaing, B & A Muhammad, “Impacts of the Trade War on U.S. Wooden Furniture Imports” Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, February 2023.</li> <li>Bhishma R et al. “Factors Affecting Chinese Beef Consumers’ Purchase Frequency” Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, February 2023.</li> </ol> Extension Presentations <ol> <li>Muhammad, A. “Tennessee Agricultural and Forestry Trade Update” Tennessee Department of Agriculture and Agricultural Industry Partners (Virtual) (Quarterly, June, August), 2023.</li> <li>Muhammad, “U.S. and Tennessee Agricultural Trade Outlook” Regional Agricultural and Resource Economics In-Service Trainings (3), Knoxville, Murfreesboro, and Jackson, Tennessee, October 31- November 2, 2023.</li> </ol>   <ol start="3"> <li>Muhammad, “Outlook for U.S. and Southeast Poultry Trade” 2023 Tennessee Poultry Association Annual Meeting, Nashville, Tennessee, August 18, 2023.</li> <li>Muhammad, “Agrivoltaics and Climate-Smart Expansion of Solar Energy in Small and Medium Farms” Episcopal Church of the Ascension, Knoxville, Tennessee, July 27, 2023.</li> <li>Muhammad, A. “The of U.S. Wood Pellet Exports and Implications for the Southeast” Agricultural and Resource Economics and Area Specialists Farm Management Workshop, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, April 26, 2023.</li> <li>Muhammad, “2023 Agricultural Trade Outlook” Master Farm Manager Training, Washington County, Tennessee, March 16, 2023.</li> <li>Muhammad, “2023 Agricultural Trade Outlook” 2023 Mid-South Agricultural Trade Conference and Farm and Gin Show, Memphis, Tennessee, February 24, 2023.</li> <li>Muhammad, “2023 Agricultural Trade Outlook” Master Farm Manager Training, Carthage, Tennessee, February 21, 2023.</li> <li>Muhammad, “2023 Agricultural Trade Outlook” 2023 West Tennessee Grain and Soybean Producers Conference, Dyersburg, Tennessee, February 2, 2023.</li> <li>Muhammad, A. “Situation and Outlook for U.S. Agricultural Trade: Implications for Feeds Grains” 2023 Tennessee Feed and Grain Association Annual Meeting, Franklin, Tennessee, January 26, 2023.</li> <li>Muhammad, “Current Issues Affecting U.S. and Tennessee Agricultural Trade” 2023 Farm Credit Mid-America Tennessee Advocate Council Meeting, Franklin, Tennessee, January 20, 2023.</li> <li>Muhammad, A. “Current Issues Affecting U.S. and Delaware Agricultural Trade” Delaware Ag Week, Risk Management Session, Harrington, Delaware, January 11,</li> <li>Muhammad, A. “State of the Agricultural Economy for Tennessee” University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture Regional Advisory Council Meeting (Eastern) (Virtual) November 15, 2022.</li> <li>Muhammad, “U.S. and Tennessee Agricultural Trade Outlook” Regional Agricultural and Resource Economics In-Service Trainings (3), Knoxville, Murfreesboro, and Jackson, Tennessee, October 31- November 3, 2022.</li> <li>Muhammad, A. “Situation and Outlook for Tennessee’s Forest Product Exports” Tennessee Forestry Association, Paris Landing State Park, Tennessee, October 6,</li> </ol>   Staff Report published: None   Abstracts and Paper Published in Proceedings None   OTHER PRODUCTS   <ul> <li>DeLong, K.L., O.G. Murphy, D.W. Hughes, C.D. Clark, and H. Crissy. 2023. “Evaluating Potential Land Use of Utility-Scale Photovoltaics (Solar Panels) on Farmland in ” University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture Research Report, RR 23-002. <a href="https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/337419">https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/337419</a></li> </ul>   <ul> <li>Boyer, C.N., C. Martinez, E. Park, A.P. Griffith, and L. DeLong. 2023. “Uptick in Livestock Risk Protection for Feeder Cattle.” Southern Ag Today. June 13, 2023. <a href="https://southernagtoday.org/2023/06/13/uptick-in-livestock-risk-protection-for-feeder-cattle/">https://southernagtoday.org/2023/06/13/uptick-in-livestock-risk-protection-for-feeder-</a> <a href="https://southernagtoday.org/2023/06/13/uptick-in-livestock-risk-protection-for-feeder-cattle/">cattle/</a></li> <li>Boyer, C.N., C. Martinez, E. Park, A.P. Griffith, and L. DeLong. 2023. “Uptick in Livestock Risk Protection for Fed Cattle.” Southern Ag Today. June 20, 2023. <a href="https://southernagtoday.org/2023/06/20/uptick-in-livestock-risk-protection-for-fed-cattle/">https://southernagtoday.org/2023/06/20/uptick-in-livestock-risk-protection-for-fed-cattle/</a></li> <li>Muhammad, A, & MD Angola: U.S. Chicken Exports Facing Increasing Competition in this Leading Market Southern Ag Today November (2023).</li> <li>Muhammad, A, & A Can Chinese Demand for U.S. Hides and Skins Recover? Southern Ag Today October (2023).</li> <li>Muhammad, The Rise and Fall of U.S. Chicken Feet in China: A Story of Bird Flu and Trade Bans Southern Ag Today September (2023).</li> <li>Muhammad, U.S. Whiskey Exports Remain Strong as Ag Exports are Expected to Decline Overall Southern Ag Today June (2023).</li> <li>Muhammad, Egg-spensive Business: Exploring the Spike in Egg Prices and the Impact of Imports Southern Ag Today June (2023).</li> <li>Muhammad, U.S. Beef Exports Down in 2023 (so far) – U.S. Beef is Losing Ground in China Southern Ag Today May (2023).</li> <li>Muhammad, U.S. Wood Pellet Exports Continue to Reach Record Levels Southern Ag Today March (2023).</li> <li>Muhammad, U.S. Agricultural Exports Set Another Record in 2022, but Higher Prices Appear to be the Cause Southern Ag Today February (2023).</li> <li>Muhammad, A, C Hellwinckel, S Nzayiramya, & A Taylor. Economic Impact of Tennessee Forest Product Exports in UT Extension Publication W 1144 (2023).</li> <li>Muhammad, China’s imports of U.S. beef continue to increase. But how does the</li> </ul> U.S. compare to other competing countries? Southern Ag Today January (2023). <ul> <li>Muhammad, China Emerges as a Leading Destination for U.S. Beef Exports. Southern Ag Today. December (2022).</li> <li>Muhammad, USDA: ERS Report Shows that U.S. Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) Benefit Developing Countries. Southern Ag Today. October (2022).</li> <li></li> </ul> ACCOMPLISHMENTS What was accomplished under these goals? Impact Statement International markets account for a considerable portion of U.S. agricultural products sales thus our project serves U.S. producers and agribusiness by providing them updated and relevant information and analysis related to the impacts of domestic and international polices on trade. In the short term, our project outputs enhance the knowledge of U.S. agricultural producers and agribusiness regarding the potential impact of policies or regulations on marketing their products. In the medium term, U.S. producers and agribusiness could identify the potential markets and make more adequate investment decisions based on the knowledge provided from our outputs. Enhancing the knowledge of policy impacts on trade could also help producers and investors reduce the uncertainties and risk of counting on a single/dominant market and make a more   comprehensive and long-term investment plan. In the long term, our study could benefit the society from developing a stronger agricultural sector through the improvement in the decision process and related financial condition of U.S. agricultural producers and agribusiness. Consumers will benefit from acquiring low-cost and diverse agricultural products when producers and agribusiness gain more knowledge in allocating resources more effectively.   Our focus is on the impacts of U.S. and foreign policies, regulations, market structures, and productivity on U.S. food and agricultural trade, the economy, and the environment. The data used in those activities are primarily obtained from USDA or public accessed websites. We highlight two of our studies below.   <ol> <li>How Does the Financial Performance of Sugar-Using Firms Compare to other Agribusinesses? An Accounting and Economic Profit Rates Analysis</li> </ol> What is the issue? United States (US) sugar policy regulates how much foreign sugar enters the US through a tariff- rate quota (TRQ) system. US sugar policy also utilizes domestic marketing allotments to regulate how much sugar is allowed to be marketed in the US. Due to the mechanisms of US sugar policy, US sugar prices are generally higher than world sugar prices. Sugar-using companies complain that US sugar prices are higher than world prices because of US sugar policy. However, the US is one of the largest sugar importing countries in the world and 40 countries export sugar to the US. Furthermore, nearly all the sugar exporting countries in the world have trade distorting sugar subsidies. Thus, there is debate between sugar-using companies and sugar producers over US sugar policy.   What has the team done to address the problem? We examined the financial performance of publicly traded sugar-using firms (SUFs) to determine if they are performing at an economic disadvantage in terms of accounting profitability, risk and economic profitability compared to other industries. To accomplish this, firm-level financial accounting and market data from 2010 to 2019 were utilized to construct financial metrics for publicly traded SUFs, agribusinesses and general US firms. These financial metrics were analyzed to determine how SUFs compare to their agribusiness peer group and general US companies. The comprehensive financial analysis covered: (1) accounting profit rates, (2) drivers of profitability, (3) economic profit rates, (4) trend analysis and (5) peer comparisons. Quantile regression analysis and Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney statistics were employed for statistical comparisons. Our findings suggested that regarding various profitability and risk measures, SUFs outperform their agribusiness peers and the general benchmark of all US firms in terms of accounting profit rates, risk levels and economic profit rates. Furthermore, compared to other US industries using the 17 French and Fama classifications, SUFs have the highest return on investment and economic profit rate―measured by the Economic Value Added® margin―and the second-lowest opportunity cost of capital, measured by the weighted average cost of capital.   What are the impacts of the team’s research? Our study found nothing to suggest that the US sugar program hinders the financial success of SUFs, contrary to recent claims by sugar-using firms. Notably in this analysis is the evaluation of   economic profit rates and a series of robustness techniques. This research was published in the Agricultural Financial Review and promoted in press releases by the American Sugar Alliance.   <ol> <li>Global Animal Protein Trade Impacts of Large-scale Human Health Events What is the issue?</li> </ol> The incidence of largescale global human health events is expected to increase with emergent zoonotic and transboundary diseases, climate change, agricultural consolidation, increased globalization, and reliance on trade. Government and market response to a disease is dependent on the size of the outbreak, pathogenicity and virulence of the disease, and the perceived risks of its introduction and spread. The impact of largescale human disease events and their respective institutional response can lead to financial and market disruptions and affect nearly every industrial sector and market, including animal protein trade. The latest human disease event, the COVID-19 pandemic, continues to be the largest and most expansive disease event of the last century with sizeable implications domestically and internationally. What has the team done to address the problem? The research team used the export trade data from 2010-2020 for animal protein exporters to estimate the effects human health events (i.e., MERS-Cov, COVID-19, Ebola, and Zika virus) on global animal protein trade for 23 individual commodities (6-digit HS level). A panel regression model accounting for the variations in disease, product, and exporter was used for the estimation. What are the impacts of the team’s research? There has been substantial debate regarding the influence of COVID-19 on agricultural trade during the pandemic. Our study adds to this debate by showing heterogeneity between diseases, products, and exporters. This heterogeneity indicates differences in response between events, dependent on event size, scope, and impacts. The study results can deepen the understanding of the implications of future emerging large-scale health events on the meat industry. The results have been published in Western Economics Forum.   What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing to report.   How have results been disseminated to communities of interest? Professional conferences, Extension meetings, and other stakeholders’ meetings. Results have also been presented to the American Sugar Alliance and its public through press releases. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? The project ended by September 30, 2023.   University: University of Georgia Reporting Participants: Gopinath Munisamy   Presentations/media Annual Meeting of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association. Adhikari, S., Poudel, D., and M. Gopinath. “Policy Effects on Global Palm Oil Trade: A Gravity Model Approach.” Selected Presentation, July 2023, Washington DC. Balaji, S.J., and M. Gopinath. “Spatial Growth and Convergence in Indian Agriculture.” Selected Presentation, July 2023, Washington DC Khanal, A., and M. Gopinath. “Impact of Fresh Blueberry Imports on Domestic Industry.” Selected Presentation, July 2023, Washington DC Khadka, S., and M. Gopinath. “Anomalies and Recoveries in Agricultural Trade” Selected Presentation, July 2022, Anaheim, CA. Annual Meeting of the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium Khadka, S., M. Gopinath and F. Batarseh. “Shifting Alliances – Friendshoring in Agricultural Trade.” December 2023, Clearwater Beach, FL. Poudel, D., and M. Gopinath. “Political Instability and Undernourishment: Nepal’s Decade-Long Insurgency.” December 2023, Clearwater Beach, FL. Interviewed for “From Georgia to the World.” Georgia Trend, July 2023: <a href="https://www.georgiatrend.com/2023/06/27/from-georgia-to-the-world/">https://www.georgiatrend.com/2023/06/27/from-georgia-to-the-world/</a>   Students and Trainees <ul> <li>Master’s – Ajit Khanal and Susmitha Kalli (Spring 2023)</li> <li>J. Balaji - Fulbright-Nehru Post-Doctoral Fellow (Sep. 1, 2022 – Aug. 31, 2023, India)</li> </ul>   University: Purdue University Reporting Participants: Holly Wang Presentations: <ol> <li>Wang, H. H., and Hua, Y. “Comparison of Preferences for Cell-Cultured Products in the U.S., China and South Korea: An Investigation of Labeling Effects.” Selected paper, Chinese Economists Society Annual Conference, Wuhan, China, June, 2023.</li> <li>Ma, M., M. Delgado, and H. H. Wang. “Using Spatial Price Data to Analyzing the African Swine Fever Impact on China’s Hog Market Integration.” CES-GU 2023 Guiyang International Forum: Data Technology and Artificial Intelligence Contribution to China Agricultural and Rural Modernization. Guiyang, Guizhou, June 19, 2023.</li> <li>Hao, N., Wang, H. H., and Wang, X. “A three-country study on consumer responses to political conflicts: boycott, buycott, or standby.” Selected paper, the Chinese Economists Society North America Conference, Oklahoma City, OK, March 31, 2023.</li> <li>Moon, D., Wang, H. H., and Hao, N. “Consumer behavior in choosing microplastic contaminated seafood across different countries: the role of cultural and environmental attitudinal factors.” International Congress of Environment, Sapporo, Japan, January 10, 2023.</li> </ol> Invited Seminars: <ol> <li>“Using Spatial Price Data to Analyzing the African Swine Fever Impact on China’s Hog Market Integration.” Seminar, College of Economics and Management, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China, December 28, 2023.</li> <li>Same topic, Seminar, College of Agricultural Economics and Development, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China, December 22, 2023.</li> <li>“China’s Response and Impact on the Global Food and Agricultural System Shocks.” Workshop on Chinese Food Security Strategy with the Greater Food Perspective. Online, November 4, 2023.</li> </ol> 4..      “A three-country study on consumer responses to political conflicts: boycott, buycott, or standby.” Seminar, College of Agricultural Economics, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, June 23, 2023. <ol start="5"> <li>5. Same topic, Seminar, College of Finance, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, June 6, 2023.</li> <li>6. Same topic, Seminar, Department of Agricultural Economics, Center of Chinese Agricultural Policy, Peking University, Beijing, China, May 29, 2023.</li> <li>“Consumer Behavior in Choosing Microplastic Contaminated Seafood across Different Countries: The Role of Cultural and Attitudinal Factors.” Seminar, China Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD), Zhejiang University, June 5, 2023.</li> <li>Same Topic, Seminar, Department of Agricultural Economics, Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, March 15, 2023.</li> <li>“Risk, Arbitrage, and Spatial Price Relationships: Insights from China’s Hog Market under the African Swine Fever.” Seminar, College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, June 7, 2023.</li> </ol> Accomplishments   What was accomplished?   The US is a major agricultural exporter in the world and continues to seek and expand its exporting opportunities. Our research has been focused on the investigation of foreign markets, foreign consumer preferences, and foreign production of agricultural and food products in our major export targeting countries, primarily China and Korea. Understanding the consumer preferences on specific attributes of food and agricultural products can provide US exporters information about how to make their products fit the preferences, and knowing their production patterns can help US exporters grasp the opportunities and stay competitive. There are several  projects we have completed this year.   <ul> <li>The first one is a consumer preference study for US, Korea and China with respect to microplastic contamination free seafood, salmon in specific. Microplastic is a new pollution that US consumers are not very aware of, indicated by our survey that 60% of respondents have never heard about it. While Koreans are more aware of that. Revealed by our three-country survey data, all consumers have shown interests in cleaner products. Korea and China are importing their salmon, and the US can be a potential exporter competing with Norway and Chile, the two largest existing salmon exporters. The author’s previous studies have shown Alaskan salmon has potential in these markets. Consumer studies for salmon contribute directly to trade issues.</li> <li>The second includes a consumer preference study for US, Korea and China with respect to lab cultured meat alternatives and a Chinese meat alternative market study. Driven by the concerns of environmental and natural resource impact, consumers worldwide start to get cautious for their meat especially red meat consumption. Korea and China are two large markets for US red meat export, beef and pork, and their consumer attitude toward plant-based meat alternative and lab-cultured meat is important information for the US livestock industry.</li> <li>China is also the world's largest pork producer while it imports more pork from the world. Our third study is the recent impact of African Swine Fever in China. The damages caused by the animal disease not only has a short-run effect of market shortage but also a long-run effect of domestic market segmentation.</li> <li>The fourth study is about geopolitical issues, a major factor affecting international trade in recent years. The empirical study is also a three-country consumer perspective about imported products after a political conflict. Led by US and European apparel producers boycotting cotton produced in one of the Chinese regions as a protest to Chinese government behavior in that region. This in turn caused Chinese consumers to boycott apparel products of these firms made with cotton from non-Chinese suppliers. A three-country study of boycotting, buycotting and standing-by consumers have revealed consumer attitudes for international trade.</li> </ul>   Dissemination and training   All projects lead to publications either in peer reviewed journals such as the very prestigious Journal of Economic Development or in conference presentations that are in the publication process.  Two Purdue PhD students and several junior faculty members from different universities are involved in these projects and getting mentored for their professional development. Activities: Dr. Cardoso continues to lead Purdue-based the research team on the project titled “A global agricultural supply-demand-climate-trade model calibrated to Baseline.” This is a project funded by the USDA/ERS under a Non-Assistance Cooperative Agreement (#58-3000-2-0085). The objective of this project is to develop an open-source software package that allows USDA’s economists, the research community, and other stakeholders to perform scenario analysis in a model calibrated to the Baseline projections. The project effectively started in September 2023, and the initial efforts have been focused on prototyping the software and computational model.  Milestones: Dr. Cardoso’s research team plans to have a functional prototype for demonstration to the USDA/ERS leadership team by August 2024. Subsequent development will be informed by this round of interactions, with the goal of publicly releasing a complete model and software package by August 2025.     University: Ohio State University Reporting Participants: Ian Sheldon Accomplishments: Presentations 2023: <ol> <li>I.M. Sheldon and S. McCorriston, “Vertical Markets, Carbon Border Tax Adjustments and ‘Dirty Inputs’”, AAEA Annual Meetings, Washington DC, July 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon and S. McCorriston, “Vertical Markets, Carbon Border Tax Adjustments and ‘Dirty Inputs’”, IATRC Annual Meetings, Clearwater, Florida, December 2023.</li> </ol>   Extension Presentations 2023: <ol> <li>I.M. Sheldon, “Global Economic Outlook”, 2023 Agricultural Outlook, Plain City, Ohio, January 27, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon, “How are we going to feed the world?” 2023 Economic Outlook and Policy Webinar Series, Columbus, Ohio, January 30, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon, The State of Global Food Markets”, Liberty Union Young Farmers Meeting, Baltimore, Ohio, February 15, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon, “Global Economic Outlook”, 2023 Agricultural Outlook, Circleville, Ohio, February 23, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon, “The Talk on Friday Avenue® - The Farm Bill and Looking Forward”, Organizer and Moderator, OSU Farm Science Review, London, Ohio, September 19, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon, “The Global Economy: Outlook and Key Challenges”, 2023 Discover Global Markets Conference, US Commercial Service, Department of Commerce, Ohio State University, September 26, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon, Panel on the US Farm Bill, Organizer and Moderator, 2023-24 Agricultural Policy and Outlook Conference, Columbus, Ohio, November 13, 2023.</li> <li>M. Sheldon, “Global Economic Outlook”, 2023-24 Agricultural Policy and Outlook Conference, Columbus, Ohio, November 13, 2023.</li> </ol>   Media Presentations, Interviews, and Media Citations 2023: <ol> <li>I.M. Sheldon, interviewed by John McCracken and cited in “U.S. and Mexico Have 1 Week Left to Settle Corn Clash”, Ambrook Research, March 31, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon cited by Chuck Abbott in, “U.S.-Mexico Corn Dispute Could Drag On All Year”, Successful Farming, April 10, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon cited by Jenna Hoffman in, “Which States Would Feel the Effects of Mexico’s GMO Corn Ban?”, for Ag Web April 10, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon cited in, “Leading Academics on How the U.S.-Mexico Corn Dispute Will End Up”, Agri Marketing, April 10, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon interviewed by Mark Dorenkamp and cited in, “6 States Hit Hardest with Mexico GM Corn Ban in Place”, for Brownfield Ag News, April 13, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon interviewed on RFD TV on US-Mexico GM crop dispute, April 14, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon, interviewed by Rui Du for CGTN America on impact of Ukrainian grain exports on central European farmers, April 28, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon, summary bullets on key agricultural trade issues provided to US representative Max Miller, May 9, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon, interviewed about the US job numbers and interest rates, Asharq TV News, June 2, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon, interviewed about US inflation numbers, Asharq TV News, July 12, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon, interviewed by Arianna Smith for The Columbus Dispatch and cited in, “Rice expected to become rarer, more expensive with India export ban”, August 7, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon, interviewed by Patrick Cooley for The Messenger and cited in, “India Ban on Sugar Exports Shouldn’t Hurt Halloween Candy Prices in US”, August 24, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon, interviewed by Victoria Chupinetsky for Voice of America on the ending of the Black Sea grain deal, August 31, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon, interviewed by Patrick Cooley for The Messenger on current agricultural trade and policy issues, September 19, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon, interviewed by Rebecca Schweitzer for Lancaster Farming and cited in, “Global Grain Harvest is Strong, But Trade is Hindered by Weak Transportation Infrastructure”, October 267, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon, interviewed by Ty Higgins on the global economic outlook, Ohio Farm Bureau, November 13, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon, interviewed by Matt Reese on the global economic outlook, Ohio Ag Net Podcast, December 4, 2023.</li> </ol>   University: Michigan State University Reporting Participants: David L Ortega Congressional Testimony & Policy Presentations <ol> <li>Invited Speaker. Michigan Agribusiness Association. Foreign Ownership of U.S. Agricultural Land. December 13, 2023.</li> <li>Congressional Testimony before the U.S. Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry on “Foreign Ownership in U.S. Agriculture”. September 27th, 2023.</li> <li>Invited Speaker. Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development. “Food Price Inflation: Past, Present, and Future”. May 9th, 2023.</li> <li>Expert Consultant. Government Accountability Office Report. Food Prices: Information on Trends, Factors, and Federal Roles. GAO-23-105846. March 28, 2023.</li> </ol> Invited Presentations and Seminars <ol> <li>The Effectiveness of Misinformation Corrective Strategies and Implications for Consumers’ Food Preferences and Policy Attitudes. Zhejiang University, October 27, 2023.</li> <li>Food biotechnology misinformation and the effectiveness of corrective strategies. University of Florida, October 4, 2023.</li> <li>Navigating the Biotechnology Landscape in Animal Agriculture: Consumer and Producer Acceptance of Gene Editing to Improve Farm Animal Welfare. American Society of Animal Science. July 17, 2023.</li> <li>Food misinformation and the effectiveness of corrective strategies. University of Guelph, March 9, 2023.</li> </ol> Organized Symposia and Workshops <ol> <li>Organizer and moderator for a session on “Shocks, Supply Chain Disruptions, and Food Prices” at Michigan State University’s Universal Food Forum. July, 2023.</li> <li>US-China Agribusiness Workshop: Module on US Meat and Livestock Sector (hosted by Purdue University). Virtual, July, 2023.</li> </ol>   Select Popular Press Appearances and Media Consultancies <ol> <li>South China Morning Post. <a href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/3236046/buying-american-farmland-not-part-chinas-agricultural-investment-strategy-us-panel-told">Buying up American farmland not part of China’s agricultural investment strategy, US panel told</a>.  September 27, 2023.</li> <li>Agri-Pulse. <a href="https://www.agri-pulse.com/articles/20020-lack-of-resources-complicate-usda-monitoring-of-foreign-land-puchases-lawmakers-told">Sparse resources complicate monitoring of foreign land purchases, lawmakers told.</a> September 27, 2023.</li> <li>CNBC Documentaries. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYdU1X2p2ro">How did the Sriracha shortage happen?</a> August 19, 2023.</li> </ol> <ol start="4"> <li>The Ukrainian Review. <a href="https://theukrainianreview.com/navigating-the-grain-crisis-expert-insights-on-the-black-sea-grain-initiatives-collapse/">Navigating the Grain Crisis: Expert Insights on the Black Sea Grain Initiative’s Collapse.</a> August 16, 2023.</li> </ol> <ol> <li>News From the States. <a href="https://www.newsfromthestates.com/article/consumers-seeing-relief-some-food-prices-inflation-continues-slow">Consumers seeing relief in some food prices as inflation continues to slow</a>. August 10, 2023.</li> </ol> <ol start="6"> <li>Yahoo! Finance. <a href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/inflation-2023-7-foods-could-164943705.html">Inflation 2023: 7 Foods That Could Break Your Grocery Budget in the Fall.</a> August 10, 2023.</li> <li>The Wall Street Journal. <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/pro-take-u-s-diners-to-fork-over-almost-1-trillion-at-restaurants-this-year-tips-excluded-a1f814e">Pro Take: U.S. Diners to Fork Over Almost $1 Trillion at Restaurants This Year (Tips Excluded)</a> (Consultant). August 10, 2023.</li> <li>The Messenger.<a href="https://themessenger.com/business/that-ribeye-youre-planning-to-grill-is-going-to-cost-you">Beef Prices are High and Headed Higher</a>. August 2, 2023.</li> </ol> <ol> <li>The New York Times. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/26/business/food-prices-fed-inflation.html">Big Consumer Companies Keep Raising Prices, Complicating Fed’s Job.</a> July 26, 2023.</li> <li>The New York Times. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/24/nyregion/sticker-shock-in-restaurants-still-there-despite-a-food-price-drop.html">Sticker Shock in Restaurants: Still There, Despite a Food Price Drop</a>. July 24, 2023.</li> </ol> <ol start="11"> <li>The Messenger. <a href="https://themessenger.com/business/grocery-prices-could-drop-a-bit-thanks-to-bumper-crops-of-corn-wheat-soybean">Grocery Prices Could Drop a Bit Thanks to Bumper Crops of Corn, Wheat, Soybean.</a> July 19, 2023.</li> </ol> <ol> <li>ABC News. <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/Business/inflation-plummeted-prices-soaring/story?id=101283190">Inflation has plummeted but these prices are still soaring.</a> July 17, 2023</li> <li>Associated Press <a href="https://apnews.com/article/sriracha-shortage-prices-ebay-amazon-walmart-9d8cfe5789311428feb04d4a6020d600">Got Sriracha? The price for a bottle of Huy Fong’s iconic hot sauce gets spicy with supplies short</a>. July 13, 2023</li> <li>The New York Times. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/07/12/business/cpi-inflation-fed/food-prices-rose-at-a-slower-rate-in-june?smid=url-share">Food prices rose at a slower rate in June.</a> July 12, 2023</li> <li>Financial Times. <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/e9870f4e-da53-45b1-92ae-82cdf17f5f95">Pasta producers in hot water over soaring prices.</a> June 21, 2023</li> </ol> <ol start="16"> <li>NPR’s Marketplace.<a href="https://www.marketplace.org/2023/05/31/how-does-the-price-of-soybeans-corn-and-other-commodities-affect-the-cost-of-food/">How does the price of soybeans, corn and other commodities affect the price of food?</a> May 31st, 2023.</li> <li>New York Post.  <a href="https://nypost.com/2023/05/27/memorial-day-bbqs-under-fire-as-food-prices-continue-to-soar/">Memorial Day barbecues under fire as food prices continue to soar</a>. May 27, 2023</li> <li><a href="https://www.axios.com/2023/05/23/pasta-shortage-2023-italy-us-prices">Pasta prices are up in U.S. but not like Italy crisis</a>. May 23, 2023.</li> <li>Civil Eats.<a href="https://civileats.com/2023/05/22/food-prices-are-still-high-what-role-do-corporate-profits-play/">Food Prices Are Still High. What Role do Corporate Profits Play?</a> May 22, 2023.</li> <li>Cincinnati Enquirer. <a href="https://www.cincinnati.com/restricted/?return=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cincinnati.com%2Fstory%2Fmoney%2F2023%2F05%2F22%2Fkroger-albertsons-pledge-500-million-savings-for-shoppers%2F70185945007%2F">Kroger and Albertsons say merger will save customers money. How much?</a> May 22, 2023.</li> <li><a href="https://www.npr.org/2023/05/18/1176714159/italy-pasta-crisis-us-food-costs">Soaring pasta prices caused a crisis in Italy. What can the U.S. learn from it?</a> May 18, 2023.</li> <li>ABC News. <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/Business/baked-goods-prices-rising-faster-inflation/story?id=99166602">Baked goods prices are rising much faster than overall inflation. Here’s why.</a> May 10th, 2023.</li> <li>NPR’s Marketplace. <a href="https://www.marketplace.org/2023/04/12/grocery-inflation-cools-while-restaurant-prices-continue-to-rise/">Grocery inflation cools while restaurant prices continue to rise.</a> April 12th, 2023.</li> <li>The Petoskey News-Review. <a href="https://www.petoskeynews.com/story/news/2023/03/25/food-pantries-seeing-increased-need-after-covid-era-assistance-ends/70042797007/">Food pantries seeing increased need after COVID-era assistance ends</a>. March 25th, 2023.</li> <li><a href="https://www.npr.org/2023/03/14/1163497104/while-the-costs-of-some-things-are-coming-down-a-lot-of-other-prices-are-climbin">While the Costs of Somethings are Down, a lot of Other Prices are Climbing</a>. March 14th, 2023.  </li> <li>Wisconsin Public Radio.<a href="https://www.wpr.org/wisconsin-grocery-stores-restaurants-food-prices-10-higher-inflation">From grocery store shelves to restaurant menus, food prices 10 percent higher than a year ago.</a> March 1st, 2023.</li> </ol> <ol> <li>NPR. <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/02/05/1153434486/eggs-prices-drop-but-the-threat-from-avian-flu-isnt-over-yet">Eggs prices drop, but the threat from avian flu isn’t over yet.</a> February 6, 2023.</li> <li>Forbes. S<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/anafaguy/2023/02/05/super-bowl-party-shopping-here-are-the-grocery-items-to-save-on-and-the-prices-to-watch-for/?sh=232c015e642e">uper bowl party shopping: here are the grocery items to save on- and the prices to watch for</a>. February 5, 2023.</li> <li>NBC’s Today Show. <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.today.com/video/is-price-gouging-behind-the-rising-cost-of-eggs-161683525785__;!!HXCxUKc!0F4HKC0VIAQTF1gJK0KesTR38kpkdgoYpX5cBbx-w28OvZr7ufYH0jyXxm8FaN7M7-fJa8-q4PKW8Dc$">Is price gouging behind the rising price of eggs?</a> January 25th, 2023.</li> <li>CBS News Radio Detroit/WWJ. <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.audacy.com/wwjnewsradio/news/local/why-are-eggs-so-expensive-and-when-will-the-price-come-down__;!!HXCxUKc!0F4HKC0VIAQTF1gJK0KesTR38kpkdgoYpX5cBbx-w28OvZr7ufYH0jyXxm8FaN7M7-fJa8-q3AYOcsY$">Why are eggs so expensive right now and when will the price come down?</a> January 20th, 2023.</li> <li>WKAR <a href="https://www.wkar.org/podcast/que-onda-michigan/2023-01-20/los-democratas-presentan-propuestas-para-mejorar-la-vida-de-todas-las-familias-en-michigan">¿Que Onda Michigan? Todo lo que necesitas saver sobre el aumento de los precios en los huevos</a>. January 20th, 2023.</li> <li>Bridge Michigan. <a href="https://www.bridgemi.com/business-watch/shell-shocked-why-eggs-are-so-expensive-michigan-and-when-it-will-end">Shell shocked: Why eggs are so expensive in Michigan and when it will end.</a> January 19th, 2023.</li> <li>Brownfield Ag News. <a href="https://brownfieldagnews.com/healthy-living/where-retail-prices-could-head-in-2023/">Where retail prices could head in 2023. </a> January 18th, 2023.</li> <li>Michigan Radio’s Stateside (NPR Station).  <a href="https://www.michiganradio.org/show/stateside/2023-01-09/stateside-monday-jan-9-2023">A researcher in food policy talks about why some food items have doubled in price</a>. January 9, 2023</li> <li>NPR Marketplace. <a href="https://www.marketplace.org/2023/01/12/baked-goods-and-cereals-cost-16-more-in-december-what-gives/">Baked goods and cereals cost 16% more in December. What gives?</a> January 12.</li> </ol> <ol start="36"> <li>MLive. <a href="https://www.mlive.com/public-interest/2023/01/millions-of-birds-died-eggs-now-cost-nearly-50-more.html">Millions of birds died. Eggs now cost nearly 50% more.</a> January 5, 2023.</li> </ol>   Conference Papers and Presentations <ol> <li>Ortega, D.L. Lin, L., Sun, J. “The Effectiveness of Misinformation Corrective Strategies and Implications for Consumers’ Food Preferences and Policy Attitudes.” Selected Paper. CAER-IFPRI Conference. Nanjing, China, October 2023.</li> <li>Ortega, D.L. Lin, L., Sun, J. “The Effectiveness of Misinformation Corrective Strategies and Implications for Consumers’ Food Preferences and Policy Attitudes.” Selected Paper. EAAE Congress, Rennes, France, August 2023.</li> <li>Ortega, D. L., Sun, J., & Lin, W. “Identity labels as an instrument to reduce meat demand and encourage consumption of plant based and cultured meat alternatives in China.” Paper in Organized Session. EAAE Congress, Rennes, France, August 2023.</li> <li>Ortega, D. L, Lusk, J., Lin, W., Caputo, V. Predicting responsiveness to information: consumer acceptance of biotechnology in animal products. Paper in Organized Session. EAAE Congress, Rennes, France, August 2023.</li> <li>Ortega, D.L. “Shocks, Supply Chain Disruptions, and Food prices: Experiences and Lessons from Europe and the United States”. Organized Panel Session. EAAE Congress, Rennes, France, August 2023.</li> <li>Ortega, D.L. Lin, L., Sun, J. “The Effectiveness of Misinformation Corrective Strategies and Implications for Consumers’ Food Preferences and Policy Attitudes.” Selected Paper. AAEA, Washington DC, July 2023.</li> <li>Ufer, D., Ortega, D.L. The Complexity of the Decision-Making Process: Impacts of Key Priorities, Knowledge and Information Sources on Active Purchase of Food Labels. Selected Paper. AAEA, Washington DC, July 2023.</li> <li>Herrington, C., Maredia, M, Ortega, D.L. Does Bid Quantity Matter? Comparing Farmer Willingness-to-Pay for Specified vs Open-Ended Quantities of Biofortified Bean and Maize Seed in a Non-hypothetical. Selected Paper. AAEA, Washington DC, July 2023.</li> <li>Herrington, C., Maredia, M, Ortega, D.L. The Impact of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors on Farmer Willingness-to-Pay for Biofortified Bean Seed: A Field Experiment in Rural Zimbabwe. Selected Paper. AAEA, Washington DC, July 2023.</li> <li>Hopkins, K., McKendree, M., Ortega, D.L. Avoiding Fraudulent Meat: Muslim Consumer Preferences for Halal Meat Retailers. Selected Paper. AAEA, Washington DC, July 2023.</li> </ol>   University: Louisiana State University Reporting Participants: Sunghun Lim Research Seminar, Institute of Developing Economies-Japan External Trade Organization (IDE-JETRO), Chiba, Japan, November. Asian Economic Development Conference, Asian Development Bank, Tokyo, Japan, July 2023. Conference on Economics of Inequity in Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Systems, Univ. of Minnesota, May 24-25, 2023. The 97th Annual Conference of the Agricultural Economics Society, Warwick Univ., UK, March 2023. University: Colorado State University Reporting Participants: Amanda Countryman Selected Refereed Conference Paper Presentations Countryman, A.M.º, V. Litvinov, I. Kolodiazhnyi, M. Bogonos, and O. Nivievskyi. “Global Economic Effects of War-Induced Agricultural Export Declines from Ukraine.” International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium. Clearwater Beach, Florida, December 2023. Countryman, A.M.º “Agricultural and Economywide Effects of the War in Ukraine.” AAEA Annual Meeting. Wahington, D.C., July 2023 Countryman, A.M.º  “Agricultural and Economywide Effects of the War in Ukraine.” Conference on Global Economic Analysis. Bordeaux, France, June 2023. Countryman, A.M.º “Potential Economic Implications of CPTPP and RCEP on Global Agriculture: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis,” Australasian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society Annual Meeting, Christchurch, February 2023.

Publications

University: University of Tennessee-Knoxville Reporting Participants: Karen DeLong Accomplishments: Project No. TEN00535 S1072   Members: T. Edward Yu, Karen DeLong, and Andrew Muhammad FY20 covers October 1, 2022 – September 30, 2023 Journal Articles <ol> <li>Reed, C.2, E. Yu1, and D.W. Hughes. 2023. “Evaluating the factors influencing the location strategies of specialty grocers versus traditional supermarkets in the United States.” Applied Geography, 158, 103034. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2023.103034">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2023.103034</a></li> <li>Martinez, , P. Li2, C.N. Boyer, T.E. Yu, and J. Maples. 2023. “Beef Price Spread Relationship with Processing Capacity Utilization.” Journal of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, 2(1):133-145.</li> <li>Marks, L.3, J. Thompson, S. Upendram, and T.E. Yu. 2022. “Global Animal Protein Trade Impacts of Large-scale Human Health Events.” Western Economics Forum, 20(2):36-49.</li> <li>Velandia, M., R. Denton, J. Yenerall, L. DeLong, C.J.O. Trejo-Pech, K. Tanaka, K. Rignall, X. Chen, S. Schexnayder. 2023. “Evaluating Factors Influencing Tennessee and Kentucky Farmers’ Willingness to Sell Produce Through Fresh Stop Markets.” Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 28(7): 1-9. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1212764">https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1212764</a></li> <li>Muhammad, A., J. Yenerall, T. Malone, and L. DeLong. 2023. “Formula for Disaster: Exploring the Links Between Federal Policies and the Infant Formula Crisis.” Choices, 38(3):1-7. <a href="https://www.choicesmagazine.org/choices-magazine/submitted-articles/formula-for-disaster-exploring-the-links-between-federal-policies-and-the-infant-formula-crisis">https://www.choicesmagazine.org/choices-magazine/submitted-articles/formula-</a> <a href="https://www.choicesmagazine.org/choices-magazine/submitted-articles/formula-for-disaster-exploring-the-links-between-federal-policies-and-the-infant-formula-crisis">for-disaster-exploring-the-links-between-federal-policies-and-the-infant-formula-crisis</a></li> <li>Smith, 1, K.L. DeLong, A.P. Griffith, C. Boyer, C. Martinez, and K.L. Jensen. 2023. “Cow-Calf Producer Preferences for Bull Genomic-Enhanced Expected Progeny Differences.” Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 48(3): 520-539. <a href="https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.322848">https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.322848</a></li> <li>Gao, , C. Grebitus, and K.L. DeLong. 2023. “Chinese Consumers’ Preferences for Beef Quality Labeling.” European Review of Agricultural Economics, 50(3):1,064-1,102. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbad009">https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbad009</a></li> <li>DeLong, L., K.L. Jensen, C.N. Boyer, A.P. Griffith, and C. Martinez. 2023. “Feeder Cattle Genomic Tests: Analyzing Cattle Producer Adoption Decisions.” Journal of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, 2(2): 334-349. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jaa2.61">https://doi.org/10.1002/jaa2.61</a></li> <li>Trejo-Pech, C.J.O., L. DeLong, and R. Johansson. 2023. “How Does the Financial Performance of Sugar-Using Firms Compare to other Agribusinesses? An Accounting and</li> </ol>   Economic Profit Rates Analysis.” Agricultural Finance Review, 83(3): 453:477. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-08-2022-0103">https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-08-2022-0103</a> <ol start="10"> <li>Muhammad, , M. Prince., K.L. DeLong, and T Gill. 2023. “The Effects of Timing, Customer, and Location on Smallholder Broiler Sales in Rwanda.” Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 32(2): 1-11. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japr.2022.100268">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japr.2022.100268</a></li> <li>Muhammad, A, C Sicko, & TC Olsson (2023) “African Americans and Federal Land Policy: Exploring The Homestead Acts of 1862 and 1866” Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy (In Press). <a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13401">http://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13401</a></li> <li>Muhammad, A, and Trejo-Pech (2023) “Uncovering the Impacts of Steel Tariffs on the Canned Foods Sector: Reevaluating Trade Policy Winners and Losers” Choices 38(4).</li> <li>Muhammad, A, C Martinez, & A Lawani (2023) “Why Are Eggs so Expensive? Understanding the Recent Spike in Egg Prices” Choices 38(2).</li> <li>Hirasuna, D, D Thilmany, A Muhammad, D Fields, & S Stefanou (2023) “Perspectives on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in the Agricultural and Applied Economics Profession” Applied Economics Teaching Resources 5(2) doi:10.22004/ag.econ.333520.</li> </ol>     University: University of Georgia Reporting Participants: Gopinath Munisamy Accomplishments: 2023 Progress Report - Multistate Hatch Project S1072 Georgia Report – Gopinath Munisamy   Journal Articles (*student coauthor) Jeong*, S., M. Gopinath, A. Kulkarni* and F. Batarseh. 2023. “Deploying Machine Learning Methods to Predict Global Trading Patterns: The Case of Beef.” Journal of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, forthcoming. Poudel*, D., and M. Gopinath. 2023. “Regional Heterogeneity in Undernourishment: The Case of Nepal. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, forthcoming. Khadka*, S., M. Gopinath and F. Batarseh. 2023. “Anomalies in Agricultural Trade: A Bayesian Classifier Approach,” Journal of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, Volume 2, Issue 3: 402-427. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jaa2.69">https://doi.org/10.1002/jaa2.69</a>. Adhikari*, S., D. Poudel* and M. Gopinath. 2023. Is Policy Greasing the Wheels of Global Palm Oil Trade,” Research on World Agricultural Economy, Volume 4, Issue 2, pp 62-77.   Presentations/media Annual Meeting of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association. Adhikari, S., Poudel, D., and M. Gopinath. “Policy Effects on Global Palm Oil Trade: A Gravity Model Approach.” Selected Presentation, July 2023, Washington DC. Balaji, S.J., and M. Gopinath. “Spatial Growth and Convergence in Indian Agriculture.” Selected Presentation, July 2023, Washington DC Khanal, A., and M. Gopinath. “Impact of Fresh Blueberry Imports on Domestic Industry.” Selected Presentation, July 2023, Washington DC Khadka, S., and M. Gopinath. “Anomalies and Recoveries in Agricultural Trade” Selected Presentation, July 2022, Anaheim, CA. Annual Meeting of the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium Khadka, S., M. Gopinath and F. Batarseh. “Shifting Alliances – Friendshoring in Agricultural Trade.” December 2023, Clearwater Beach, FL. Poudel, D., and M. Gopinath. “Political Instability and Undernourishment: Nepal’s Decade-Long Insurgency.” December 2023, Clearwater Beach, FL. Interviewed for “From Georgia to the World.” Georgia Trend, July 2023: <a href="https://www.georgiatrend.com/2023/06/27/from-georgia-to-the-world/">https://www.georgiatrend.com/2023/06/27/from-georgia-to-the-world/</a>   University: University of Florida Reporting Participants: Andrew Schmitz   Author of the book "<a href="https://mcas-proxyweb.mcas.ms/certificate-checker?login=false&originalUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fnam02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com.mcas.ms%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Futorontopress.com%252F9781487522803%252Fagricultural-policy-agribusiness-and-rent-seeking-behaviour-third-edition%252F%26data%3D05%257C02%257CSLim%2540agcenter.lsu.edu%257C3967e1b37faf4576a91508dc243b0f4d%257C804b509899084bdf9c06b3df777563aa%257C0%257C0%257C638425083314794990%257CUnknown%257CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%253D%257C0%257C%257C%257C%26sdata%3D%252FfFCP0UgWGC0AjTM9LkfzXK1kp2ud8Ei9mLbqAz5hxc%253D%26reserved%3D0%26McasTsid%3D20893&McasCSRF=21d96827c6a2c313abc2d753002929ef1b6f0b579872d17ae58f6a0f1681f967">Agricultural Policy, Agribusiness, and Rent-Seeking Behaviour</a>." By Andrew Schmitz, Charles B. Moss, Troy G. Schmitz, G. Cornelis van Kooten and H. Carole Schmitz.    University: UC Davis Reporting Participants: Jens Hilscher Hilscher, Jens, Alon Raviv and Ricardo Reis, "Inflation Risks are on the Rise" ARE Update, January-February 2022. Gafarov, Bulat, Tengda Gong, and Jens Hilscher, "What Price is Right? Cigarette Demand Has Become More Responsive to Prices" ARE Update, March-April 2022. Gafarov, Bulat and Jens Hilscher, "Too Little Too Late? The Two-Pronged Approach of the Federal Reserve" ARE Update, May-June 2022.   University: Purdue University Reporting Participants: Holly Wang Journal articles: <ol> <li>Ma, M., M. Delgado, and H. H. Wang. “Risk, Arbitrage, and Spatial Price Relationships: Insights from China’s Hog Market under the African Swine Fever.” Journal of Development Economics,165(2023) <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2023.103200">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2023.103200</a>.</li> <li>Hao, N., H. H. Wang, X. Wang, and M. Wetzstein. “Will the “nouveau-riche” (new-rich) waste more food? Evidence from China.” China Agricultural Economics Review, (2023) accepted <a href="https://doi.org/10.1108/CAER-07-2022-0139">https://doi.org/10.1108/CAER-07-2022-0139</a>.</li> <li>Moon, D., H. H. Wang and N. Hao. “Consumer behavior in choosing microplastic contaminated seafood across different countries: The role of cultural and attitudinal factors.” Economic Analysis and Policy, 78 (2023):290-306. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.03.009">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.03.009</a>.</li> <li>Wang, H. H. “The Perspective of Meat and Meat-Alternative Consumption in China.” Meat Science, 194 (2022), 108982. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108982">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108982</a>.</li> <li>Jiang, Y., H. H. Wang, and S. Jin. “Mobilizing the Public to Fight Poverty Using Anti-Poverty Labels in Online Food Market: Evidence from Real Experimental Auction.” Journal of Agricultural Economics, 74(2022):168-190. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12502">https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12502</a>.</li> <li>Wang, H. H., J. Yang, and N. Hao. “Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Rice from Remediated Soil: Potential from the Public in Sustainable Soil Pollution Treatment.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19 (15), (2022), 8946. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19158946">https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19158946</a>.</li> <li>Katare, B., H. Yim, A. Byrne, H. H. Wang, M. Wetzstein. “Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Environmentally Sustainable Meat and a Plant-Based Meat Substitute.” Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, (2022) <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13285">https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13285</a>.</li> <li>Wang, H. H., X. Han, Y. Jiang, and G. Wu. “Revealed Consumers’ Preferences for Fresh Produce Attributes in Chinese Online Markets: A Case of Domestic and Imported Apples.” PloS One, 17(6) (2022), e0270257. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270257">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270257</a>.</li> </ol>   Book Chapters: <ol> <li>Delgado, M., M. Ma and H. H. Wang. “Exploring Spatial Price Relationships: The Case of African Swine Fever in China.” Risks in Agricultural Supply Chains, Eds by P. Antras, and D. Zilberman, University of Chicago Press, 2023. pp. 139-157.</li> <li>Wang, H. H. and L. Liu. “Small Holders’ Willingness-to-Pay for Alternative Types of Crop Insurance in China.” Managing Risk in Agriculture: A Development Perspective. Eds by A. Mishra, S. C. Kumbhakar and G. Lein, CABI, 2023. pp155-166.</li> </ol>   Proceedings: <ol> <li>Delgado, M. S., M. Ma, and H. H. Wang. Exploring Spatial Price Relationships: The Case of African Swine Fever in China. Working Paper, w29141. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2021. <a href="https://www.nber.org/papers/w29141">https://www.nber.org/papers/w29141</a></li> </ol>   University: Ohio State University Reporting Participants: Ian Sheldon <ol> <li>M. Sheldon, “The US’s Power-Based Bargaining and the WTO: Has Anything Really Been Gained?”, Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 44(3) 2022.</li> <li>Heerman and I.M. Sheldon, “Sustainable Agricultural Production, Income and Eco-Labelling: What Can Be Learned from a Modern Ricardian Approach,” Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 44(4) 2022.</li> <li>C.K. Chow and I.M. Sheldon, “A Private Bargaining and Efficient Breach Approach to the Problem of U.S.-China Trade: Bringing a Non-Violation Case in the WTO,” Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 56(3) 2023.</li> <li>C.K. Chow and I.M. Sheldon, "Combatting a Crisis of Global Food Protectionism Sparked by the War in Ukraine," Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 56(5) 2023.</li> <li>M. Sheldon, “Filing WTO Violation and Non-Violation Complaints: A Possible Solution to China’s Market Access Commitments?” in The Future of Trade: A North American Perspective. Eds. A. Payan and D. Gantz. Elgar, December 2023.</li> <li>M. Sheldon and S. McCorriston, “Vertical Markets, Carbon Border Tax Adjustments and ‘Dirty Inputs’”, Working Paper, Andersons Program in International Trade, May 2023.</li> <li>M. Sheldon, “The United States’ Challenge(s) to Canada’s Dairy Import Tariff Rate Quotas: What is all the Fuss About?” Working Paper, Andersons Program in International Trade, July 2023.</li> </ol>   Extension Publications 2023: <ol> <li>I.M. Sheldon, S. Lee, and C. Zoller, “Where Could the U.S.-Mexico GM Corn Dispute End Up?” Ohio Ag Manager, March 13, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon, and C. Zoller, “Will Price Volatility Continue in the World Wheat Market?” Ohio Ag Manager, April 6, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon, S. Lee, and C. Zoller, “Where Could the U.S.-Mexico GM Corn Dispute End Up?” farmdocDAILY, April 7, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon, and C. Zoller, “What are the Implications of the Black Sea Grain Deal Breaking Down?” Ohio Ag Manager, July 18, 2023.</li> <li>I.M. Sheldon, and C. Zoller, “Post-Black Sea Grain Deal: What’s Happening to Wheat Prices?” Ohio Ag Manager, October 10, 2023.</li> </ol>   University: North Dakota State University Reporting Participants: Sandro Steinbach Referred Publication <ul> <li>Sandro Steinbach and Xiting Zhuang (2023). “U.S. Agricultural Exports and the 2022 Mississippi River Drought,” Agribusiness, first published online.</li> <li>Sandro Steinbach and Xiting Zhuang (2023). “Global Container Shipping Disruptions, Pop-Up Ports, and U.S. Agricultural Exports,” Applied Economic Perspectives & Policy, first published online.</li> <li>Sandro Steinbach and Xiting Zhuang (2023). “Retaliatory Tariffs and Container Shipping Disruptions Cause Considerable Trade Damages to California’s Almond Industry,” Choices, 38(2): 1–9.</li> <li>Colin A. Carter, Sandro Steinbach and Xiting Zhuang (2023). “Supply Chain Disruptions and Containerized Agricultural Exports from California Ports,” Applied Economic Perspectives & Policy, 45(2): 1051–1071.</li> <li>Soojung Ahn and Sandro Steinbach (2023). “The Impact of COVID-19 Trade Measures on Agricultural and Food Trade,” Applied Economic Perspectives & Policy, 45(2): 911–927.</li> <li>Sandro Steinbach and Xiting Zhuang (2023). “The Impact of Maritime Shipping Disruptions on U.S. Tree Nut Exports and Inventories,” Agribusiness, 39 (3): 904–911.</li> <li>Sandro Steinbach (2023). “The Russia-Ukraine War and Global Trade Reallocations,” Economics Letters, 226: 111075.</li> <li>Soojung Ahn and Sandro Steinbach (2023). “Agri-Food Trade Resilience among Food-Deficit Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic,” International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 26(3): 397–408.</li> <li>Soojung Ahn, Dongin Kim and Sandro Steinbach (2023). “The Impact of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine on Grain and Oilseed Trade,” Agribusiness, 39(1): 291–299.</li> <li>Heidi Schweizer, Sandro Steinbach and Xiting Zhuang (2022). “A Portrait of Firms that Trade in Meat Products,” Western Economics Forum, 20(2): 6–18.</li> <li>Sandro Steinbach (2022). “Port Congestion, Container Shortages, and U.S. Foreign Trade,” Economics Letters, 213: 110392.</li> </ul>   University: Michigan State University Reporting Participants: David L Ortega Journal Article Publications <ol> <li>Farris, J., Maredia, M., Mason-Wardell, N., Ortega, D.L. (2023). Farmer Personality and Community-Based Extension Effectiveness in Tanzania. World Development, accepted.</li> <li>Maredia, M., Porter, M., Nakasone, E., Ortega, D.L., Caputo, V. (2023). Does increasing the availability of a nutritious food produced by a SME increase its consumption? Evidence from a field experiment in Kenya. Applied Economic Perspective and Policy, accepted.</li> <li>Ufer, D.J., Ortega, D.L. (2023). Right on the money? U.S. dairy farmers’ varied understanding of consumer preferences and attitudes towards animal health, welfare, and biotechnology. Journal of Dairy Research, accepted.</li> <li>Ufer, D.J., Ortega, D.L. (2023). The Complexity of Food Purchase Motivations: Impacts of Key Priorities, Knowledge, and Information Sources on Active Purchase of Food Labels. Food Quality and Preference, accepted.</li> <li>Lin, W., Ortega, D. L., & Caputo, V. (2023). Experimental quantity, mental budgeting and food choice: a discrete choice experiment application. European Review of Agricultural Economics, 50 (2), 457-496.</li> <li>Herrington, C., Maredia, M., Ortega, D.L., Taleon, V., Birol, E., Sarkar, A.R., Rahaman, S. (2023). Rural Bangladeshi Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Rice with Improved Nutrition via Zink Biofortified Rice and Decreased Milling Practices. Agricultural Economics, 54(1), 5-22.</li> <li>Sun, J., Ortega, D. L., & Lin, W. (2023). Food values drive Chinese consumers' demand for meat and milk substitutes. Appetite, 181, 106392.</li> <li>Ortega, D. L., Caputo, V., & Maredia, M. (2023). Effectiveness of nutritional information in increasing demand for enriched yoghurt among poor households in Kenya: Implications for agribusiness marketing strategies. Agribusiness, 39 (1), 285-290.</li> </ol>   University: Mississippi State University Reporting Participants: Juyoung Lee Accomplishments: Lee, J. & Karpova, E. (submitted). Chapter 3. Textile and apparel supply chains. Global global: The textile and apparel industry, 5th edition. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.    University: Louisiana State University Reporting Participants: Sunghun Lim <ol> <li> Bullock, David W., Sunghun Lim, and Sandro Steinbach. “Southern Economic Impacts of Premium-to-Liability Ratio Limits in U.S. Crop Insurance.” Southern Ag Today 3(25.4). June 22, 2023. </li> <li> Lim, Sunghun (2023). “Global Agricultural Value Chains and Structural Transformation,” David Zilberman and Pol Antràs (Editors), NBER Book series, Risks in Agricultural Supply Chains, the University of Chicago Press. </li> <li> Lim, Sunghun (2023), “Risk Aversion, Crop Diversity, and Food Security,” Applied Economics. </li> <li> Lim, Sunghun & Anh Nguyen (2023), "Shifting Trade Winds: Southeast Asia’s Response to the US-China Trade War," Asian Development Review (forthcoming). </li> <li> Afesorgbor, Sylvanus K. and Sunghun Lim (2023). “Food Security, Agri-Food Trade and COVID-19: Evidence from South Asia,” Journal of Agricultural & Applied Economics Association. </li> <li> Yu, Jisang & Sunghun Lim (2024), "Understanding Inequality in US Farm Subsidy Using a Large-scale Administrative Data," revision requested at American Journal of Agricultural Economics (AJAE), forthcoming. </li> </ol>   University: Kansas State University Reporting Participants: Jisang Yu   Lobell, David and Nelson B. Villoria (2023) “Reduced benefits of climate-smart agricultural policies from land use spillovers.” Nature Sustainability, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-023-01112-w.  Hendricks, Nathan, Aaron Smith, Nelson B. Villoria, Matthieu Stigler (2023). "The Effects of Agricultural Policy on Supply and Productivity: Evidence from Differential Changes in Distortions." Agricultural Economics. DOI: 10.1111/agec.12741.  Chen, Bowen and Nelson B. Villoria (2022). “Foreign Yield Shocks and Domestic Price Variability: The Case of Maize in Developing Countries.” Environmental Research Letters. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aca7d5  Villoria, Nelson, Rachael Garrett, Florian Gollnow, and Kimberly Carlson (2022). “Leakage Does Not Fully Offset Soy Supply-Chain Efforts to Reduce Deforestation in Brazil.” Nature Communications 13, no. 1 (September 17, 2022): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33213-z. (Fifth Edition Mapbiomas First Place General Category Award for Best Research Article, 2023.)gma  Yu, Jisang, Nelson B. Villoria, and Nathan Hendricks (2022). “The Incidence of Foreign Market Accessibility on Farmland Rental Rates.” Food Policy, 112, DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2022.102343  Arnold, Chelsea, et al. (Yu, Jisang) "The Role of Risk in Farmland Contract Choices." Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 48.2 (2023): 398-411.  Janzen,Joseph P., Bryn Swearingen, and Jisang Yu. "Buying time: The effect of Market Facilitation Program payments on the supply of grain storage." Journal of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association (2023).  Yu, Jisang, and Georgi T. Gabrielyan. "Do large farms make better choices: Evidence from dairy margin coverage program participation patterns." Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 45, no. 4 (2023): 2235-2254.  Goh, Gyuhyeong, and Jisang Yu. "Causal inference with some invalid instrumental variables: A quasi‐Bayesian approach." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 84, no. 6 (2022): 1432-1451.     University: Iowa State University Reporting Participants: E. Kwan Choi Choi, Yoonho, and E. Kwan Choi. "Why exchange rate pass-through matters in forward exchange markets." Economic Modelling 110 (2022): 105795.     University: Colorado State University Reporting Participants: Amanda Countryman de Menezes*, T.C., J.B. de Souza Ferreira Filho, and A.M. Countryman. 2023. Potential economic impacts of foot-and-mouth disease in Brazil: A case study for Mato Grosso and Paraná.” Journal of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association. 2(3): 481-496. <a href="https://mcas-proxyweb.mcas.ms/certificate-checker?login=false&originalUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fnam02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com.mcas.ms%2F%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fdoi.org%252F10.1002%252Fjaa2.73%26data%3D05%257C02%257CSLim%2540agcenter.lsu.edu%257C2912a18bfbd5497f2dd508dc23b4e6c0%257C804b509899084bdf9c06b3df777563aa%257C0%257C0%257C638424507100122212%257CUnknown%257CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%253D%257C0%257C%257C%257C%26sdata%3DFc4O%252BpJxmdbP6QyKn12qI24ryDYgnaB7bHnGZjzzXe4%253D%26reserved%3D0%26McasTsid%3D20893&McasCSRF=21d96827c6a2c313abc2d753002929ef1b6f0b579872d17ae58f6a0f1681f967">https://doi.org/10.1002/jaa2.73</a>

Impact Statements

Dr. Steinbach from NDSU, Dr. Lim from LSU, and Muhammad from UTK are conducting a research project funded by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture under Grant No. 2023-67023-39114 and the Foreign Agricultural Service through Cooperative Agreement FX22TA-10960R015. The focus of their study revolves around the theme "Global Implications of the Russia-Ukraine War for Agricultural Trade and Value Chains, Commodity Prices, and Cross-border Investment."

Date of Annual Report: 02/07/2025

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 12/09/2024 - 12/09/2024
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2024 - 12/31/2024

Participants

Amanda M Countryman, Colorado State University
Jason H Grant, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (VA Tech)
Andrew Muhammad, University of Tennessee
Gopinath Munisamy, University of Georgia
Andrew Schmitz, University of Florida
Sandro Steinbach, North Dakota State University
Ian Sheldon, Ohio State University
Sunghun Lim, Louisiana State University
Jisang Yu, Kansas State University

Brief Summary of Minutes

The meeting addressed several key topics:

The participants discussed the research objectives and outcomes of each university’s projects for 2024.

The research goals and collaboration plans for 2025 were reviewed and deliberated.

It was agreed that a research presentation session would be organized on the afternoon of the second day of the 2025 IATRC meeting.

Dr. Andrew Muhammad at the University of Tennessee was elected as the new chair.

Accomplishments

International markets play a crucial role in U.S. agricultural trade, requiring producers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to stay informed about shifting trade policies, market dynamics, and economic uncertainties. The S1072 research team has provided valuable empirical insights into the impacts of trade policies, consumer behavior, and supply chain disruptions on agricultural markets. Through rigorous economic analysis, the team has examined global trade patterns, price transmission mechanisms, and the consequences of external shocks, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of international agricultural trade and policy. Over the past year, S1072 has conducted extensive research on critical issues affecting U.S. agricultural trade. Studies have explored consumer preferences for agricultural products, with a focus on labeling policies and demand across international markets. The team has also analyzed the economic effects of geopolitical risks, trade disputes, and sanctions on agricultural trade flows. Additionally, research on freight costs, supply chain resilience, and risk management strategies has provided key insights into market access and competitiveness in the face of economic and policy uncertainties. The team’s findings have been disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publications, policy briefs, and industry reports, ensuring that stakeholders have access to timely and relevant information. Research has contributed to policy discussions on trade agreements, supply chain vulnerabilities, and regulatory frameworks affecting agricultural markets. Moreover, the work has addressed broader issues such as sustainability in global food trade, the economic implications of climate policies, and structural shifts in agricultural value chains. The impact of S1072’s research is reflected in its contributions to trade policy discussions and industry practices. U.S. agricultural producers and agribusinesses have gained valuable insights into market conditions, enabling them to make informed decisions regarding investment and risk management. Policymakers have utilized research findings to assess the effects of trade policies and develop strategies for mitigating economic risks. Additionally, studies on trade diversification and supply chain resilience have provided practical recommendations for strengthening global food security and economic stability. Looking ahead, S1072 will continue to investigate the economic implications of evolving trade policies, global market uncertainties, and structural transformations in agricultural trade. Future efforts will focus on expanding research on geopolitical risks, climate-related trade policies, and the role of global value chains in agricultural markets. Strengthening collaborations with policymakers, industry stakeholders, and academic institutions will remain a priority to ensure that research findings continue to inform trade policy and market strategies.

Publications

<h1>University of Tennessee </h1> Project No. TEN00535 S1072 Members: Karen DeLong, Andrew Muhammad, and T. Edward Yu FY24 covers October 1, 2023 – September 30, 2024  Target Audience Our research aims to help national and state policy makers, local and regional agricultural producers, agribusiness and rural communities. We also expect to contribute to the literature in related research areas. Products Journal Articles Dahal, B.R.1, L. DeLong, S. Gao, C. Grebitus, and A. Muhammad. 2024. “Factors Affecting Chinese Consumers’ Beef Purchase Frequency.” Accepted and Forthcoming. Agribusiness: An International Journal. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.21906">https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.21906</a>  Dahal, B.R.1, L. DeLong, S. Gao, and C. Grebitus. 2024. “Consumers’ Beef Purchasing Behavior Across Countries.” Meat Science, 217: 109611. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109611">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109611</a>  Boyer, C.N., L. DeLong, A.P. Griffith, and C.C. Martinez. 2024. “The Impact of Risk Preferences and Information on Livestock Risk Protection Use.” Agricultural Economics, 4(55):677-689. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12838">https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12838</a>  Ray, B.1, L. DeLong, K. Jensen, S. Burns, and C. Luckett. 2024. “Consumer Preferences for Foods with Varying Best if Used-By Dates: An Experimental Auction and Sensory Evaluation Analysis.” Food Policy, 125:102650. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102650">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102650</a>  Gao, S.2, C. Grebitus, and L. DeLong. 2024. “Explaining Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Country-of-Origin Labeling for Beef with Ethnocentrism. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 72(2): 149-166. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12359">https://doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12359</a>  Yenerall, J., A. Muhammad, L. DeLong, and T. Malone. 2024. “Navigating the Challenges of Building More Resilient Infant Formula Industry.” Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 46(2): 499-513. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13416">https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13416</a>  Forgenie, D, SD Hutchinson, & A Muhammad (2024) “Welfare implications of rising imported food costs in the Caribbean” Journal of Agriculture and Food Research 18: 101489. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101489">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101489</a>  Muhammad, A, SL Stewart, & MD Hossen (2024) “U.S. Timber Trade and Vietnam: Exploring the Impacts of the Trade War and Environmental Policies” Choices 39(3). Forgenie, D, S Hutchinson, & A Muhammad (2024) “Dynamic Analysis of Caribbean Food Import Demand” Journal of Agriculture and Food Research 15: 100989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2024.100989  Hossen, MD, A Muhammad, B Kenner, & J Kaufman (2024) “Unraveling the Impacts of Freight Rates on U.S. Containerized Agricultural Trade” Journal of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association 3(1): 199-211 https://doi.org/10.1002/jaa2.105  Ahles, A, A Muhammad, JN Yenerall…& D Mozaffarian (2024) “How Price and Income Influence Global Patterns in Saturated Fat Intake by Age, Sex, and Geographic Region: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 160 countries” BMJ Open 14: e074562. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074562.  Jiang, B, & A Muhammad (2024) “Trade War Fallout: Exploring the Altered Landscape of U.S. Wooden Furniture Imports” Journal of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association. 3(1): 100-116. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaa2.99  Muhammad, A, C Sicko, & TC Olsson (2024) “African Americans and Federal Land Policy: Exploring the Homestead Acts of 1862 and 1866” Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 46(1): 95-110. http://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13401    Reed, C., E. Yu, and D.W. Hughes. (2023) “Evaluating the Factors Influencing the Location Strategies of Specialty Grocers versus Traditional Supermarkets in the United States.” Applied Geography, 158, 103034. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2023.103034">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2023.103034</a>   Referred Electronic Publications Deliberto, M., L. DeLong, and B.L. Fischer. 2024. “Analyzing World and U.S. Sugar Price Dynamics.” Southern Ag Today. May 20, 2024. <a href="https://southernagtoday.org/2024/05/17/analyzing-world-and-u-s-sugar-price-dynamics/">https://southernagtoday.org/2024/05/17/analyzing-world-and-u-s-sugar-price-dynamics/</a>  Deliberto, M., L. DeLong, and B.L. Fischer. 2024. “Navigating U.S. Sugar Imports From 70 Countries.” Southern Ag Today. April 18, 2024. <a href="https://southernagtoday.org/2024/04/18/navigating-us-sugar-imports-from-70-countries/">https://southernagtoday.org/2024/04/18/navigating-us-sugar-imports-from-70-countries/</a>  Deliberto, M. andL. DeLong. 2024. “The 2024 Sugar Market Domestic Supply and Outlook.” Southern Ag Today. April 1, 2024. <a href="https://southernagtoday.org/2024/04/02/the-2024-sugar-market-domestic-supply-and-outlook/">https://southernagtoday.org/2024/04/02/the-2024-sugar-market-domestic-supply-and-outlook/</a>  Deliberto, M. andL. DeLong. 2023. “Examining Sugarcane and Sugarbeet Production Costs.” Southern Ag Today. December 11, 2023. <a href="https://southernagtoday.org/2023/12/11/examining-sugarcane-and-sugarbeet-production-costs/">https://southernagtoday.org/2023/12/11/examining-sugarcane-and-sugarbeet-production-costs/</a>  DeLong, K.L., M. Deliberto, and B.L. Fischer. 2023. “Evaluation of the Recent Government Accountability Office Sugar Program Report.” Southern Ag Today. November 30, 2023. <a href="https://southernagtoday.org/2023/11/30/evaluation-of-the-recent-government-accountability-office-sugar-program-report/">https://southernagtoday.org/2023/11/30/evaluation-of-the-recent-government-accountability-office-sugar-program-report/</a>  Muhammad, A, RJ Menard, DW Hughes, & A Taylor. Economic Impact of Tennessee Forest Product Exports in 2023. UT Extension Publication W 1262 (2024). Hossen, MD, & A Muhammad. USDA Projects a Widening Trade Deficit for Fiscal Year 2025. Southern Ag Today September (2024). Muhammad, A, & MD Hossen. Understanding the Growing U.S. Agricultural Trade Deficit (Part 2): What’s Happening with Imports? Southern Ag Today July (2024). Muhammad, A, & MD Hossen. Understanding the Growing U.S. Agricultural Trade Deficit: The Fall in Exports Southern Ag Today June (2024). Muhammad, A. China lifts ban on Australian beef: Is there cause for concern in the U.S.? Southern Ag Today June (2024). Muhammad, A. Unpacking the Success of U.S. Beef in Japan Southern Ag Today May (2024). Kessler, L.M., et al., & A Muhammad. An Economic Report to the Governor of the State of Tennessee 2024.   Presentations (* denotes presenter) Trejo-Pech, C.*, L. DeLong, R. Johansson. Accepted and Forthcoming. “The Accuracy, Bias, and Dispersion in Financial Analysts’ Earnings Per Share Forecasts of Sugar-Using Firms.” Selected Presentation. Food Distribution Research Society Annual Conference 2024. October 20-22, 2024. Puerto Rico. DeLong, K.L.*, Gao2, C. Grebitus, and T.G. Schmitz. 2024. “German and British Consumer Preferences for Country of Origin Labeled Beef throughout the Decade.” Selected Presentation. 2024 Agricultural and Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA. July 28-30, 2024. Hagan, A.G.*,2, Yenerall, K.L. DeLong, E. Yu, and R. Chen. 2024. “Can Grocery Store Food Loss and Waste Reduction Practices Attract Shoppers?” Selected Presentation. 2024 Agricultural and Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA. July 28-30, 2024. Boyer, C.N.*, DeLong, K.L., A.P. Griffith, and C. Martinez. 2024. “Examining How Risk Preferences and Information Affect Livestock Risk Protection Use.” Selected Presentation. 2024 Agricultural and Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA. July 28-30, 2024. DeLong, K.L.* “USDA AMS Federal-State Marketing Improvement Wine Grant.” Invited Presentation. Tennessee Wine and Grape Board Meeting (was supposed to be on Zoom but lightning knocked out their power, so it was over the phone). Nashville, TN. July 10, 2024. DeLong, K.L.* “Drivers of Beef Purchase Behavior Across Countries.” Invited Presentation. Assessing the Competitiveness of U.S. Beef in Major Global Markets Zoom Seminar. June 17, 2024. DeLong, K.L., Trejo-Pech*, and R. Johansson. 2024. “An Evaluation of How Forecasting Efficiency Leads to Reduced Firm Risks.” Selected Presentation. NCCC-134 Conference on Applied Commodity Price Analysis, Forecasting, and Market Risk Management. April 22-23, 2024. St. Louis, MO. DeLong, K.L.* “University of Tennessee Food Loss/Food Waste Research.” Invited Presentation. Joint Southern Association of Agricultural Experiment Station Directors and Association of Southern Rural Extension Directors Conference 2024. Lexington, KY, March 26, 2024. Dahal, B.1, L. DeLong*, S. Gao, and C. Grebitus. “Consumers’ Beef Purchasing Behavior Across Countries.” Selected Presentation. Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting. Atlanta, GA. February 4-6, 2024. Barua, S.*,2, C. Boyer, L. DeLong, A. Griffith, and C. Martinez. “Price Risk Management Use Impact on Technical Efficiency for Cattle Producers.” Selected Presentation. Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting. Atlanta, GA. February 4-6, 2024. Rihn, A., H.E. Williams*, X. Chen, and L. DeLong. “Factors Impacting Tennesseans' Purchase of Local Products.” Selected Presentation. Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting. Atlanta, GA. February 4-6, 2024. DeLong, K.L.* “Evaluating Potential Land Use of Utility-Scale Photovoltaics on Farmland in Tennessee.” Invited Presentation. Tennessee Valley Solar Conference. Chattanooga, TN. October 18, 2023. Muhammad, A, & S Stewart “Trade War Fallout: The Curious Case of American Peanut Butter in the EU” International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium Annual Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, FL, December 2024. Muhammad, A “Trade War Fallout and Value Chains: Exploring the Altered Landscape of Wood Products” Council on Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics (C-FARE) Webinar (virtual), November 2024. Muhammad, A “The Economics of Global Food Demand: Challenges and Sustainable Diets Solutions” Morrison School of Agribusiness Seminar, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ, October 2024. Muhammad, A “The Economics of Global Food Demand” USDA, Office of the Chief Economist (OCE) and Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) Seminar, (Virtual) October 2024. Muhammad, A, & C Sichko “African Americans and federal land policy: Exploring the Homestead Acts of 1862 and 1866” Agricultural and Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, July 2024. Nzayiramya, Savant, & A Muhammad “Economics of Global Food Demand: How Income Growth and Prices Influence Food Spending Across Countries” Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, February 2024. Hagan, A., J. Yenerall, K.L. DeLong, R. Chen, and E. Yu. “Can Grocery Store Food Loss and Waste Reduction Practices Attract Shoppers?” Selected presentation, 2024 AAEA Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, July 28-30.   Extension Presentations Muhammad, A “Tennessee Agricultural and Forestry Trade Update” Tennessee Department of Agriculture and Agricultural Industry Partners (Virtual) (April and December), 2024. Muhammad, A “International Trade and Forest Products” Morgan County Forestry Association, Wartburg, TN, November 21, 2024. Muhammad, A “U.S. and Tennessee Agricultural Trade Outlook” Regional Agricultural and Resource Economics In-Service Trainings (2), Murfreesboro, and Trenton, TN, November 6-7, 2024. Muhammad, A “Outlook for U.S. and Global Citrus Trade” American Society of Agricultural Consultants, Fort Myers, FL, November 5, 2024 Muhammad, A “U.S. Agricultural Trade Outlook: The Growing Agricultural Trade Deficit” 2024 Southern Outlook Conference Agenda, Knoxville, TN, October 7-8, 2024. Muhammad, A “Understanding the U.S. Agricultural Trade Deficits” Master Farm Manager, Trousdale and Smith County, TN, October 3, 2024. Muhammad, A “Understanding the U.S. Agricultural Trade Deficits” Master Farm Manager, Carter County, TN, September 19, 2024. Muhammad, A “Outlook for Global Soybean Trade: A Focus on U.S. Exports and Global Demand” 2024 Natto Summit (USSEC), Norfolk, VA, August 5, 2024. Muhammad, A “Situation and Outlook for U.S. and Louisiana Agricultural Exports and Imports” 2024 Louisiana Rural Economic Development Summit, Marksville, LA, July 23, 2024. Muhammad, A “Understanding the Growing U.S. Agricultural Trade Deficit” American Soybean Association Trade Policy and International Affairs Advocacy Team (Virtual), July 8, 2024. Muhammad, A “Situation and Outlook for U.S. Beef Exports” Cumberland and Fentress County Livestock Producers (Virtual), May 13, 2024. Muhammad, A “2024 Agricultural Trade Outlook” 2024 Mid-South Agricultural Trade Conference and Farm and Gin Show, Memphis, TN, March 1, 2024.   Accomplishments What was accomplished under these goals? Impact Statement International markets account for a considerable portion of U.S. agricultural products sales; thus, our project serves U.S. producers and agribusiness by providing them updated and relevant information and analysis related to the impacts of domestic and international polices on trade. Further, many policies affect food consumption and agricultural production. Thus, we study both international trade and agricultural and food policies. In the short term, our project outputs enhance the knowledge of U.S. agricultural producers and agribusiness regarding the potential impact of policies or regulations on marketing their products. In the medium term, U.S. producers and agribusiness could identify the potential markets and make more adequate investment decisions based on the knowledge provided from our outputs. Enhancing the knowledge of policy impacts on trade could also help producers and investors reduce the uncertainties and risk of counting on a single/dominant market and make a more comprehensive and long-term investment plan. In the long term, our study could benefit the society from developing a stronger agricultural sector through the improvement in the decision process and related financial condition of U.S. agricultural producers and agribusiness. Consumers will benefit from acquiring low-cost and diverse agricultural products when producers and agribusiness gain more knowledge in allocating resources more effectively.   =================================== <h1>Mississippi State University</h1> Results Summary In 2-3 sentences, briefly describe the issue or problem that your project addresses. (The ISSUE) The current project addresses issues about the U.S. market structure for agricultural trade, specifically textile and apparel products. In addition, the project looked at the impact of industrialization and changing policies in developing and newly developing countries in relation to their domestic textile and apparel industries on U.S. textile and apparel trade and domestic industry competitiveness. Specifically, my project looks at the changing dynamic of consumer behaviors in textile and apparel products, resulting in global textile and apparel trade changes. Briefly describe, in non-technical terms, how your major activities helped you achieve, or make significant progress toward, the goals and objectives described in your non-technical summary. (The ACTIVITIES) This project examines the structure and dynamics of the U.S. agricultural trade market, focusing on textile and apparel products. It explores how industrialization and evolving policies in developing countries have influenced their domestic industries, reshaping global trade and impacting U.S. competitiveness. Key activities include research on consumer behavior during global health crises (Nam et al., submitted), which provides insights into market dynamics during disruptive events, and a study on the balance between functionality and sustainability in sportswear (Lee et al., accepted), revealing evolving consumer priorities. The forthcoming book Going Global: The Textile and Apparel Industry offers a comprehensive analysis of trade policies, sourcing strategies, sustainability challenges, and technological advancements, equipping stakeholders to navigate the global marketplace. Research on workforce competency gaps (Kobia et al., submitted) highlights the need for curriculum updates to align with industry demands. Collectively, these efforts provide a robust framework to address global trade changes, sustainability challenges, and workforce readiness, supporting U.S. competitiveness in a rapidly evolving textile and apparel industry. Briefly describe, how your target audience benefited from your project’s activities. The target audience for this project includes policymakers, industry professionals, educators, and students in the textile and apparel sectors. They benefited from these activities through insights into global trade dynamics and consumer behavior, enabling better-informed decision-making and strategic planning. Policymakers gained valuable knowledge on the impact of global trade agreements and sustainability challenges, which can guide policy development. Industry professionals benefited from the analysis of evolving consumer priorities, such as the balance between functionality and sustainability, helping them adapt to market demands. Educators and students were equipped with up-to-date knowledge on global trade structures and workforce competency needs, fostering the development of a skilled workforce ready to meet the challenges of the rapidly evolving textile and apparel industry. These activities collectively contributed to enhancing the competitiveness and sustainability of the U.S. textile and apparel market. Briefly describe how the broader public benefited, or may benefit in the future, from your project's activities. (The PUBLIC VALUE) The broader public benefited by gaining insights into how global trade dynamics, sustainability challenges, and consumer behavior influence the availability, quality, and affordability of textile and apparel products. This project’s focus on sustainability and ethical practices helps promote environmentally friendly and socially responsible production methods, contributing to a healthier planet and improved labor conditions. Additionally, research on consumer behavior during crises offers valuable guidance for public preparedness and response to future global disruptions. By fostering a competitive and sustainable U.S. textile and apparel industry, the project also supports economic growth and job creation, ensuring long-term benefits for consumers and communities alike. Comments Nam, C., Yu, H., Lee, J., & Wachira, E. (submitted). Willingness of wearing a face covering: Protection motivation to inform future pandemic response efforts. Journal of Health Psychology. Lee, J., Son, J., & Lim, S. (accepted). Consumer’s contradictory needs: Functionality and sustainability on purchase intentions for sportswear. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing. Lee, J., Karpova, E., Kunz, G. I., & Garner, M. B. (draft). Going global: The textile and apparel industry. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. Kobia, C., Lee, J., & Howell, M. (submitted). Are students equipped? Exploring competency gaps due to changing retail and fashion industry. International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and Education. Impact statement (write a 2-3 sentence impact statement that is “headline ready”, include economic impact, or at least quantify impact, whenever possible) This project strengthened the competitiveness of the U.S. textile and apparel market, valued at $70 billion, by addressing global trade dynamics, sustainability challenges, and workforce readiness, with a particular focus on the U.S. cotton industry. By promoting sustainable practices and consumer-driven innovation, the research supports the demand for U.S. cotton in global supply chains, enhancing its market position. These efforts contribute to economic growth, benefiting cotton producers, manufacturers, and other stakeholders, while fostering a resilient and sustainable future for the industry.   ======================================= <h1>North Dakota State University</h1> SAES-422 Multistate Research Accomplishments Report Project/Activity Number ND-01337, Hatch/Multistate S-1072 Project/Activity Title U.S. Agricultural Trade and Policy in An Uncertain Global Market Environment Period Covered January 1, 2024 – December 31, 2024) Date of This Report January 12, 2025 Annual Meeting Date December 8, 2024 Participants Sandro Steinbach (sandro.steinbach@ndsu.edu) – North Dakota State University Accomplishments Research at North Dakota State University has made a tangible difference across several key areas. Helping stakeholders adopt smarter trade strategies has supported higher farm incomes and created more efficient export routes for North Dakota’s soybean producers. Collaborative work on climate risks and transportation challenges has provided practical insights, saved costs, and improved decisions in agricultural supply chains. Studies on market disruptions—like container shipping delays and trade policy changes—have guided adaptive strategies that reduce risks for exporters and provide better access to global markets for North Dakota agriculture. Short-Term Outcomes Research on trade policy impacts enabled stakeholders to adopt advanced strategies, boosting farm income and improving market positioning for North Dakota producers. Collaborative studies on climate disruptions and transportation challenges identified cost-saving measures and enhanced supply chain resilience. Research addressing trade disruptions and logistical bottlenecks, such as container shortages, helped minimize export delays and expand market access for North Dakota agricultural products. Outputs <ul> <li>Steinbach, S. (2024). Balancing Environmental Policies and Food Security Goals in the Face of Shifting U.S. Rail Transportation Regulations. Food Policy, 128, 102724.</li> <li>Steinbach, S., & Zhuang, X. (2024). Global Container Shipping Disruptions, Pop-Up Ports, and U.S. Agricultural Exports. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 46(2), 553–571.</li> <li>Awokuse, T., Lim, S., Santeramo, F., & Steinbach, S. (2024). Robust Policy Frameworks for Strengthening the Resilience and Sustainability of Agri-Food Global Value Chains. Food Policy, 127, 102714.</li> <li>Goyal, R., Mensah, E., & Steinbach, S. (2024). The Interplay of Geopolitics and Agricultural Commodity Prices. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 46(4), 1533–1562.</li> <li>Steinbach, S., Yildirim, Y., & Zurita, C. (2024). Potential Implications of Trade Policy Shifts after the 2024 U.S. Presidential Election for the Agri-Food Sector. Food Policy, 129, 102741.</li> <li>Steinbach, S., & Yildirim, Y. (2024). Agricultural Commodity Market Response to Russia’s Withdrawal from the Grain Deal. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 75(3), 1004–1016.</li> <li>Goyal, R., Steinbach, S., Zhuang, X., & Yildirim, Y. (2024). U.S. Agricultural Trade Challenges Amid Climate and Geopolitical Disruptions. Choices, 39(3), 1–7.</li> <li>Steinbach, S., & Zurita, C. (2024). Unwinding the Trade Facilitation Agreement: Agri-Food GVC Integration, Implementation Challenges, and WTO Prospects. IATRC Commissioned Paper.</li> <li>Kim, D., & Steinbach, S. (2024). The Impact of the WTO on Virtual Water Trade and Global Water Reallocation. IATRC Commissioned Paper.</li> <li>Steinbach, S. (2024). How Global Trade and Innovation Shape the Future of Farming: Lessons from Golden Rice. GAP Report 2024, Virginia Tech GAP Initiative.</li> </ul> Activities <ul> <li>At North Dakota State University, research focused on analyzing trade policy impacts, climate risks, and market disruptions using advanced econometric models and machine learning.</li> <li>This work included creating tools to improve agricultural risk management and collaborating with experts from different fields to study global value chains.</li> <li>The findings were shared through workshops and policy reports, providing practical insights that helped stakeholders increase farm income, refine trade strategies, and build more resilient supply chains.</li> </ul> Milestones Achieved <ul> <li>Published six peer-reviewed articles in high-impact journals, including Food Policy and Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, advancing knowledge in agricultural trade and policy.</li> <li>Delivered two IATRC-commissioned technical reports on global trade facilitation and virtual water trade, addressing critical policy issues (December 2024).</li> <li>Organized a workshop on agricultural sustainability and global trade at the IATRC Annual Meeting, fostering collaboration among researchers and policymakers (December 2024).</li> <li>Completed an analysis of soybean trade opportunities in Canada, providing actionable insights for market development (May 2024).</li> <li>Secured $800,000 in new grant funding to study climate shocks and agricultural trade resilience, expanding research capacity (March 2024).</li> </ul> Impacts <ul> <li>Strengthened global value chains and agricultural trade resilience through actionable insights on climate shocks, trade disruptions, and supply chain risks, ensuring stability for North Dakota producers.</li> <li>Expanded capacity to study the impacts of climate change on agricultural trade by securing $800,000 in funding, benefiting stakeholders with evidence-based strategies for resilience and sustainability.</li> <li>Provided practical recommendations that supported the expansion of North Dakota soybean exports to Canadian markets, contributing to increased farm income and diversified trade opportunities.</li> <li>Informed national and regional agricultural policies by delivering policy briefs and technical reports that addressed trade facilitation, geopolitical risks, and sustainability in agri-food systems.</li> </ul> Grants/Contracts/Resources <ul> <li>Recipient(s): Sandro Steinbach, Colin A. Carter, William Nganje, Carlos Zurita Funding Source: National Institute of Food and Agriculture, AFRI Program Amount: $800,000 Term: 2024–2028</li> <li>Recipient(s): Sandro Steinbach, Anne Denton, Simone Ludwig, Ruilin Tian, Cheryl Wachenheim, Mingao Yuan Funding Source: National Institute of Food and Agriculture, NNF Program Amount: $262,500 Term: 2024–2028</li> <li>Recipient(s): Sandro Steinbach, Raghav Goyal, Lynn Kennedy, Siew Lim, Zhulu Lin Funding Source: National Institute of Food and Agriculture, AFRI Program Amount: $800,000 Term: 2024–2028</li> <li>Recipient(s): Sandro Steinbach, Carlos Zurita Funding Source: Agricultural Marketing Service, Cooperative Agreement Amount: $135,000 Term: 2024–2025</li> <li>Recipient(s): Sandro Steinbach, Dongin Kim, Carlos Zurita Funding Source: North Dakota Soybean Council, Market Development Program Amount: $50,000 Term: 2024–2025</li> </ul> Publications <ul> <li>Steinbach, S. (2024). Balancing Environmental Policies and Food Security Goals in the Face of Shifting U.S. Rail Transportation Regulations. Food Policy, 128, 102724.</li> <li>Steinbach, S., & Zhuang, X. (2024). Global Container Shipping Disruptions, Pop-Up Ports, and U.S. Agricultural Exports. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 46(2), 553–571.</li> <li>Awokuse, T., Lim, S., Santeramo, F., & Steinbach, S. (2024). Robust Policy Frameworks for Strengthening the Resilience and Sustainability of Agri-Food Global Value Chains. Food Policy, 127, 102714.</li> <li>Goyal, R., Mensah, E., & Steinbach, S. (2024). The Interplay of Geopolitics and Agricultural Commodity Prices. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 46(4), 1533–1562.</li> <li>Steinbach, S., Yildirim, Y., & Zurita, C. (2024). Potential Implications of Trade Policy Shifts after the 2024 U.S. Presidential Election for the Agri-Food Sector. Food Policy, 129, 102741.</li> <li>Kim, D., & Steinbach, S. (2024). The WTO’s Impact on Virtual Water Trade and Global Water Reallocation. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 75(3), 1004–1016.</li> <li>Carter, C. A., & Steinbach, S. (2024). Did Grain Futures Prices Overreact to the Russia-Ukraine War Due to Herding? Journal of Commodity Markets, 35, 100422.</li> <li>Steinbach, S., & Zurita, C. (2024). Unwinding the Trade Facilitation Agreement: Agri-Food GVC Integration, Implementation Challenges, and WTO Prospects. IATRC Commissioned Paper.</li> <li>Steinbach, S., & Yildirim, Y. (2024). Grain Futures Market Response to the Black Sea Grain Initiative. German Journal of Agricultural Economics, 73(2), 1–22.</li> <li>Kim, D., Steinbach, S., & Zurita, C. (2024). Deep Trade Agreements and Agri-Food Global Value Chain Integration. Food Policy, 127, 102686.</li> <li>Goyal, R., Steinbach, S., Zhuang, X., & Yildirim, Y. (2024). U.S. Agricultural Trade Challenges Amid Climate and Geopolitical Disruptions. Choices, 39(3), 1–7.</li> <li>Steinbach, S., & Zhuang, X. (2024). U.S. Agricultural Exports and the 2022 Mississippi River Drought. Agribusiness, 41(1), 289–303.</li> <li>Gordeev, S., & Steinbach, S. (2024). Determinants of PTA Design: Insights from Machine Learning. International Economics, 178, 100504.</li> <li>Steinbach, S., & Zurita, C. (2024). Unlocking Livestock Opportunities for North Dakota Soybean Meal in Canada. CAPTS Report 2024-01.</li> <li>King, M., & Steinbach, S. (2024). How Global Trade and Innovation Shape the Future of Farming: Lessons from Golden Rice. GAP Report 2024, Virginia Tech GAP Initiative.</li> </ul>   =========================== <h1>University of Georgia</h1>   Journal Articles (*student coauthor)   Khanal*, A., D. Poudel* and M. Gopinath. 2024. “The Imported Challenge: Economic Impact of Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Imports on U.S. Producers.” Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/aae.2024.17">https://doi.org/10.1017/aae.2024.17</a> November issue.   Dorfman, J.H., S. Irwin, M. Gopinath and D. Zilberman. 2024. “The Future of Agricultural and Applied Economics Departments.” Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, Volume 46, Issue 3: 834-844. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13432">https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13432</a>.   Poudel*, D., and M. Gopinath. 2024. “Political Instability and Undernourishment: Nepal’s Decade-Long Insurgency.” Global Food Security, March Issue. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2024.100741">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2024.100741</a>.   Presentations/media   International Conference of Agricultural Economists, New Delhi Gopinath, M., “The Future of Publishing in Agricultural Economics”  Panel of Editors, International Association of Agricultural Economists, New Delhi, August 4, 2024.   Corong, E. and M. Gopinath. 2024. “Options for SAFTA: Within or Outside.” IATRC Summer Symposium (IAAE Pre-Conference Workshop), New Delhi, August 2, 2024.   Annual Meeting of the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium Gopinath, M., A. Khanal and D. Poudel. “The Imported Challenge: Economic Impact of Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Imports on U.S. Producers.” December 2024, Ft. Lauderdale, FL. Varma, P., A. Issar and M. Gopinath. “Exchange Rate Pass Through in Net Food Importing Countries.” December 2024, Ft. Lauderdale, FL. Georgia Ag Economy Outlook, January 26, 2024.  <a href="https://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.html?number=AP130-2-02">https://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.html?number=AP130-2-02</a>   Students and Trainees <ul> <li>D. -  Savin Khadka (Summer 2024)</li> </ul>     ==================== <h1>Michigan State University</h1> 2024 Progress Report S1072 -- U.S. Agricultural Trade and Policy in a Dynamic Global Market Environment Journal Article Publications <ol> <li>Zamani, O., Bittmann, T., & Ortega, D. L. (2024). The effect of avian influenza outbreaks on retail price premiums in the United States poultry market. Poultry Science, 103(10), 104102.</li> <li>Chen, K. Z., Yu, L., Lin, W., & Ortega, D. L. (2024). What does it take to revolutionize Chinese diets: evidence from a choice experiment on urban Chinese consumers. China Agricultural Economic Review.</li> <li>Chen, K. Z., Yu, L., Lin, W., & Ortega, D. L. (2024). Information framing effects on diet choices among Chinese urban residents.</li> <li>Villacis, A.H., Bruns, S., Martin Paul, TO., Ortega, D.L., Mishra, A.K. (2024). Gender dynamics and aspirational disparities in agriculture. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy.</li> <li>Maredia, M. K., et al. (2024). Using novel multi-method evaluation approaches to understand complex food system interventions: Insights from a supply chain intervention intended to improve nutrition. Current Developments in Nutrition, 103776.</li> <li>Farris, J., Maredia, M., Mason-Wardell, N., Ortega, D.L. (2024). Farmer Personality and Community-Based Extension Effectiveness in Tanzania. World Development, 173.</li> <li>Maredia, M., Porter, M., Nakasone, E., Ortega, D.L., Caputo, V. (2024). Does increasing the availability of a nutritious food produced by a SME increase its consumption? Evidence from a field experiment in Kenya. Applied Economic Perspective and Policy, 46(2), 414-434.</li> </ol> Congressional Testimony & Policy Presentations <ol> <li>Congressional Testimony before the U.S. House Agriculture Committee Hearing on “ The Danger China Poses to American Agriculture”. March 20, 2024 (Statement Submitted for the Congressional Record).</li> </ol> Invited Presentations and Seminars <ol> <li>Why is food so expensive? Duke University’s The Leading Voices in Food podcast, October 31, 2024.</li> <li>Food Prices and the 2024 Election. Civil Eats Salon, September 17th, 2024.</li> <li>The effectiveness of misinformation corrective strategies and implications for consumer food choices and policy attitudes. South African Association for Food Sciences and Technology (SAAFOST), October 1st, 2024.</li> <li>Exploring experimental methods in academic research. University of Pretoria, October 2nd, 2024.</li> <li>Shocks, Supply Chain Disruptions and Food Prices. Keynote at AAEA Post Conference Workshop on Food Prices and Forecasting. Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, July 21-August 1st, 2024.</li> <li>The effectiveness of misinformation corrective strategies and implications for consumer food choices and policy attitudes. National Taiwan University, May 24th, 2024.</li> <li>Shocks, Supply Chain Disruptions and Food Prices. Keynote at Agri-food Policy Analysis Workshop, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, January 11-12, 2024</li> </ol> Organized Symposia and Workshops <ol> <li>Workshop on Policy Preference Analysis of Post-Harvest Crop Burning Issues in the Mekong Subregion hosted by Kasetsart University, Thailand. November 2024.</li> <li>Workshop on Post-Harvest Crop Burning Issues in the Mekong Subregion hosted by Kasetsart University, Thailand. August 2024.</li> <li>Workshop on Food security challenges in marginalized and vulnerable littoral areas of Southeast Asia hosted by Can Tho University, Vietnam. August 2024.</li> </ol>   Select Popular Press Appearances and Media Consultancies <h4>Over 100 media interviews and popular press features including The New York Times, NPR, Time Magazine, NBC News, ABC News, Washington Post, Associated Press, Newsweek, The Hill, Detroit Free Press, Agri-Pulse, Brownfield Ag News, etc.</h4>   ================================= <h1>Colorado State University</h1> Refereed Journal Articles (* indicates graduate student) <ol> <li>Countryman, A.M., T.C. de Menezes*, D.L. Pendell, J. Rushton, and T.L. Marsh. 2024. “Economic effects of livestock disease burden in Ethiopia: a computable general equilibrium analysis.” PLoS ONE.: 19(2): e0310268 . https://doi.org/1371/journal.pone.0310268.</li> <li>Countryman, A.M., V. Litvinov*, I. Kolodiazhnyi, M. Bogonos, and O. Nivievskyi. 2024. “Global Economic Effects of War-Induced Agricultural Export Declines from Ukraine.” Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy. https://doi.org/1002/aepp.13468.</li> <li>Story*, K., S. Gerlt, and A.M. Countryman. 2024. “U.S. Soy Exports Could Crush it in ASEAN.” Choices: 39(3).</li> <li>de Menezes*, T.C., and A.M. Countryman. 2024. “U.S. Meat Export Potential in ASEAN.” Choices: 39(3).</li> <li>de Menezes*, T.C., A.M. Countryman, A. Hagerman, and S.H.G. Miranda. 2024. “Economy-Wide Effects of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in Brazil.” Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics: 49(3). <a href="https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.342181">https://doi.org/22004/ag.econ.342181</a>.</li> <li>Thies, A., BA. Altmann, A.M. Countryman, C. Smith*, M.N. Nair, 2024. “Consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for beef based on color and price discounts.” Meat Science, 217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109597</li> </ol>   Refereed Conference Paper Presentations (º indicates presenter, * indicates graduate student) <ol> <li>Ikeme*º, A.M. Countryman, D.T. Manning, and Charlton, D. “WTO vs. TRAINS: A Quantitative Comparison of Ad-Valorem Equivalents for Non-Tariff Trade Measures.” ASSA Annual Meeting. San Francisco, California. January, 2025.</li> <li>Wang, M.*º, S. Kim*, and A.M. Countryman. ‘Global Economic Effects of Trade Restrictions on Seafood from Japan.” International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium Annual Meeting. Fort Lauderdale, Florida. December, 2024.</li> <li>Charlton, D.º, A.M. Countryman, D.T. Manning, and S. Ikeme*. 2024. “U.S. Employment Exposure to Domestic and Foreign Tariff Changes under NAFTA.” International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium Annual Meeting. Fort Lauderdale, Florida. December, 2024.</li> <li>Ikeme*º, A.M. Countryman, D.T. Manning, and Charlton, D. “WTO vs. TRAINS: A Quantitative Comparison of Ad-Valorem Equivalents for Non-Tariff Trade Measures.” International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium Annual Meeting. Fort Lauderdale, Florida. December, 2024.</li> <li>de Menezes, T.C. *º, A.M. Countryman, D. Pendell, J. Rushton, H. Engleking, J. Tickel. “Economic Effects of African swine fever on U.S. and Global Agricultural Markets.” International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium Annual Meeting. Fort Lauderdale, Florida. December, 2024.</li> <li>de Menezes, T.C.*, A.M. Countrymanº, D. Pendell, J. Rushton, H. Engleking, J. Tickel. “Economic Effects of African swine fever on U.S. and Global Agricultural Markets.” International Symposium on Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics. Sydney, Australia. November, 2024.</li> <li>Tozooneyi, T.*, D. Pendellº, A.M. Countryman, J. Rushton, H. Simmons, and J. Tickel. “Evaluating the Economic Impacts of African Swine Fever on the U.S. Pork Supply Chain.” International Symposium on Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics. Sydney, Australia. November, 2024.</li> <li>Charlton, D., A.M. Countrymanº, D.T. Manning, and S. Ikeme*. 2024. “U.S. Employment Exposure to Domestic and Foreign Tariff Changes under NAFTA.” AAEA Annual Meeting. New Orleans, Lousiana. July, 2024.</li> <li>Wang, M.*º, A.M. Countryman, D.T. Manning. "The International Leakage Effects of Land Retirement: Evidence from The Conservation Reserve Program." Conference on Global Economic Analysis. Fort Collins, Colorado. June, 2024.</li> <li>Thies, A.J.º, B.A. Altmann, A.M. Countryman, C. Smith*, and M.N. Nair. “Consumer Preferences for Beef Based on Color.” Conference on Global Economic Analysis. Fort Collins, Colorado. June, 2024.</li> <li>Shakil, G.S.º, A.M. Countryman, and T.L. Marsh. “Economic Impacts of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in Ethiopia.” Conference on Global Economic Analysis. Fort Collins, Colorado. June, 2024.</li> <li>de Menezes*º, T.C., A.M. Countryman, D. Pendell, J. Rushton, H. Simmons, J. Tickel. “Economic Effects of African Swine Fever in the U.S.” Conference on Global Economic Analysis. Fort Collins, Colorado. June, 2024.</li> <li>Charlton, D.º, A.M. Countryman, D.T. Manning, and S. Ikeme*. 2024. “U.S. Employment Exposure to Domestic and Foreign Tariff Changes under NAFTA.” Conference on Global Economic Analysis. Fort Collins, Colorado. June, 2024.</li> <li>Ikeme*º, A.M. Countryman, D.T. Manning, and Charlton, D. “WTO vs. TRAINS: A Quantitative Comparison of Ad-Valorem Equivalents for Non-Tariff Trade Measures.” Conference on Global Economic Analysis. Fort Collins, Colorado. June, 2024.</li> <li>Charlton, Dº., A.M. Countryman, D.T. Manning, and S. Ikeme*. “U.S. Employment Exposure to Domestic and Foreign Tariff Changes under NAFTA.” ASSA Annual Meeting. January, 2024.</li> </ol>   ================ <h1>Ohio State University</h1> Project Director Name            Ian Sheldon Project Director’s Department            Agricultural, Environmental, and Development Economics Co-PI(s) Name              Issue or Problem Briefly describe the issue or problem that your project addresses. Please write for those without a science background and be Brief. Be as concise and as informative as possible. (Maximum of 8,000 characters with spaces) Major focus of project concerns impact of climate policy in the context of value chains.  Specifically, if carbon policies (taxes/cap-and-trade) are targeted at carbon-intensive production of say fertilizers, how should imported fertilizers be treated at the border if they are produced in countries that have weaker carbon policies, and the objective of policymakers is to prevent carbon leakage, as well as maintain competitiveness of domestic fertilizer producers. Fertilizer production has been targeted due to the extent of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) from production of synthetic nitrogen in the form of either ammonium nitrate or urea.  The European Union (EU) has already introduced carbon border adjustment mechanisms (CBAMs) to address this issue, with fertilizer importers eventually having to purchase emissions permits in the EU, reflecting their direct (ammonia production) and indirect (electricity usage) carbon emissions.  The use of such a climate policy instrument is also being considered by US policymakers. Key to the project is providing industrial organization and trade analysis of the impact of CBAMs in a multi-market setting that captures the complexity of the fertilizer input component of the agricultural and food value chain. Additional focus of project  is contributing to objectives of S-1072, especially relating to economic and legal analysis of trade policy as it affects the food and agricultural sector.     Major Activities Briefly describe in non-technical terms how your major activities helped you achieve, or make significant progress toward, the goals and objectives described in your non-technical summary.  (Maximum of 8,000 characters with spaces) Progress has been made in developing a vertical market model, consisting of domestic upstream electricity generation subject to a carbon tax, and downstream domestic fertilizer production also subject to a carbon tax.  Domestic fertilizer producers also compete with imported fertilizer producers, the latter being subject to a CBAM.  So far the model has been used to derive the impact of both domestic climate policies and CBAMs, focusing on changes in domestic fertilizer output and prices, the level of imports, as well as the impact on carbon leakage.  The model has also been designed to evaluate how the extent of competition in the fertilizer industry affects both pass-through and pass-back of climate policies.  Eventually, the model will be calibrated with industry data for counterfactual policy simulations, progress already having been made on collecting data on direct and indirect carbon emissions by EU fertilizer producers, as well as cross-country data on EU fertilizer imports. Work completed on evaluating the impact of competition and standards on upgrading of food product quality, results indicating products further from the quality frontier are deterred from upgrading as standards increase due to compliance costs. Work completed on legal-economic analysis of USMCA dispute concerning Canada’s dairy tariff-rate quotas, the conclusion being that effective lobbying by the Canadian dairy industry has resulted in a system offering robust resistance to trade liberalization pressures. Work completed on legal-economic analysis of future of trade dispute resolution given the current impasse over nominating new members to the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Appellate Body. Key conclusion is that the EU is following both multilateral and regional paths to dispute resolution, while the United States is following either bilateral or regional approaches.  Proposal that there be opt-in clauses in regional trade agreements whereby non-members can utilize their dispute resolution mechanisms.      Target Audience Briefly describe how your target audience benefited from your project’s activities. (Maximum of 8,000 characters with spaces) Based on a working paper, an early version of the model was presented in an organized session on CBAMs held at a key professional meeting (Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, AAEA).  Here, other researchers interested in CBAMs were shown the critical importance of capturing the complexity of value chains impacted by both domestic climate policy(ies), and the use of CBAMs.  Much of the analysis of CBAMs focuses only on direct emissions by downstream fertilizer production, ignoring indirect emissions upstream that are embodied in imported fertilizers.  Also, much of the analysis of CBAMs ignores the nature of horizontal and vertical competition in a value chain, where both can affect passthrough of both upstream and downstream policy instruments – this matters in terms of whether CBAMs might be considered trade-distorting or not by the World Trade Organization (WTO), i.e., they could provide hidden protection for domestic producers, and also affect the extent to which CBAMs reduce carbon leakage. Analysis of future of trade dispute resolution presented in invited session held at AAEA meetings highlighted to other researchers extent of breakdown of WTO’s Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU), and how the EU and United States are adopting different approaches to addressing trade disputes.   Broader Public Briefly describe how the broader public benefited from your project’s activities. (Maximum of 8,000 characters with spaces) As part of a broader presentation on the impact of trade policy on global value chains (GVCs) for the Council on Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics (CFARE), discussion was included on the potential impact of environmental (climate) policies such as CBAMs on food and agricultural GVCs. Multiple outreach and extension presentations have been made to the broader public (farmers and other agricultural stakeholders) concerning current and future impact of agricultural trade policy.  Focus has covered global economic outlook, deglobalization and trade policy, farm margins and potential impact of renewal of the US-China trade war. Multiple media interactions relating to trade and trade policy issues, including US dock strike, and potential impact of tariffs on agriculture.  Comments (Optional) Describe and explain any major changes or problems encountered in approach.  Additionally, note opportunities for training and professional development provided, how results have been disseminated to communities of interest, and any new details regarding what the project or program plans to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals. You may also include publications here. (Maximum of 8,000 characters including spaces) In setting up the vertical markets model, potential was allowed for CBAMs to divert fertilizers away from the EU to third country markets with weaker climate policies.  However, complexity of the model’s solution prevented direct evaluation of policy outcomes, except through crude calibration and simulation.  This has resulted in a simplification where third-country markets are ruled out for the moment, thereby allowing closed form solution of the model, and derivation of clean comparative static results. Initial results of the project have been written up as a working paper, and presented at meetings of the AAEA.  The next step of the project is to extend analysis of the model in its current form, with a key focus on evaluating passthrough and pass-back of carbon policies/CBAMs, as well as calibrating the model and using it for counterfactual policy simulation, with a view to evaluating their impact on fertilizer prices. Publications: I.M. Sheldon and S.McCorriston, “Alternative Market Structures and CBAMs”, Working Paper, Andersons Program in International Trade, Ohio State University, May 2024 (Paper also presented at AAEA Annual Meetings in New Orleans, August 2024, as part of track session, “Agri-Food Trade: Is There A Role for Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms (CBAMs)?”) D.C.K. Chow and I.M. Sheldon, “The United States’ Challenge(s) to Canada’s Dairy Import Tariff Rate Quotas: What is all the Fuss About?” Ohio State Business Law Journal, 18(2) 2024. <ol start="2024"> <li>Eum, I. M. Sheldon, H. Shin, and S. Thompson, “Upgrading Food Product Quality: Evaluating the Impact of Competition and Standards,” Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 49(3) 2024.</li> </ol> I.M. Sheldon and D.C.K. Chow, “The Future of Dispute Resolution in International (Agricultural) Trade”, Working Paper, Andersons Program in International Trade, Ohio State University, June 2024. (Paper also presented at AAEA Annual Meetings in New Orleans, August 2024, as part of invited paper session, “Burning Issues in Agricultural Trade Policy”.) D.C.K. Chow and I.M. Sheldon, “The Future of International Trade Dispute Resolution in a Post-WTO World”, Ohio State Legal Studies Research Paper No.872, Moritz School of Law, Ohio State University, July 2024. (Paper also presented at annual meetings of International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium (IATRC) in Fort Lauderdale, December 2024, as part of session, “Trade Disputes and Resolution”.)   =================================== <h1>Louisiana State University</h1> Peer-reviewed Publication Gao, Guilhoto, Lim, Li, Meng, Tong, Uno, & Yamano (2025), "Inequitable Distribution of Heat Exposure Risks Driven by Trade," Nature Communications.   Sunghun Lim & Wisarut Suwanprasert (2025), "Post-Coup Sanctions and Thailand's Agricultural Trade,” The World Economy (forthcoming).   Jisang Yu & Sunghun Lim (2024), "Understanding Inequality in US Farm Subsidy Using a Large-scale Administrative Data," American Journal of Agricultural Economics (AJAE).   Anne Beck, Sunghun Lim & Daria Taglioni (2024), "Network Dynamics of Firms in Global Agricultural Value Chains," Food Policy (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper - 10774).   Sunghun Lim & Saera Oh (2024), "Geopolitical Risks and Agricultural Value Chains: A Port-Level Analysis," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics Association (JAAEA).   Reem Hashad, Sunghun Lim & Kibrom Abay (2024), "Food Global Value Chains and Obesity in Low-and-Middle Income Countries," Food Policy.   Kyunghun Kim & Sunghun Lim (2024), “Foreign Aid, Exchange Rate, and Agricultural Trade in Developing Countries," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy (AEPP).   Titus Awokuse, Sunghun Lim, Fabio Santeramo, and Sandro Steinbach (2024). "Robust Policy Frameworks for Strengthening the Resilience and Sustainability of Agri-Food Global Value Chains," Food Policy.   Sunghun Lim & Anh Nguyen (2024), "Shifting Trade Winds: United States–People’s Republic of China Trade Dispute," Asian Development Review, invited manuscript from Asian Development Bank.   Sunghun Lim, Sandro Steinbach, & Xiting Zhuang (2024), “Panama Canal Traffic Delays Threaten Southern Ag Global Supply Chains”, Southern Ag Today.