NCERA184: Management of Small Grain Diseases

(Multistate Research Coordinating Committee and Information Exchange Group)

Status: Active

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SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[10/05/2023] [07/19/2024] [06/16/2025] [04/17/2026]

Date of Annual Report: 10/05/2023

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 02/27/2023 - 02/27/2023
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2021 - 09/30/2022

Participants

Trey Price, LSU Ag Center (PPrice@agcenter.lsu.edu);
Kiersten Wise, University of Kentucky (Kiersten.wise@uky.edu);
Darcy Telenko, Purdue University (dtelenko@purdue.edu);
Erick DeWolf, Kansas State University (dewolf1@ksu.edu);
Boyd Padgett LSU Ag Center (Bpadgett@agcenter.lsu.edu);
Rafael Luisa, University of Arkansas
Carl Bradley, University of Kentucky (carl.bradley@uky.edu) ;
Heather Kelly, University of Tennessee (youngkelly@utk.edu) ;
Terry Spurlock, University of Arkansas (tspurloc@uark.edu);
Tom Allan, Mississippi State University (tom.allen@msstate.edu);
Albert Tenuta, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture (albert.tenuta@ontario.ca);
Daren Mueller, Iowa State University (dsmuelle@iastate.edu);
Maira Duffeck, Oklahoma State University (mairodr@okstate.edu);
Meriem Aoun, Oklahoma State University (meriem.aoun@okstate.edu);
Andrew Friskop, North Dakota State University (Andrew.j.friskop@ndsu.edu);
Damon Smith, University of Wisconsin (damon.smith@wisc.edu);
Gary Bergstrom, Cornell University (gcb3@cornell.edu);
Wanderson Bucker Moraes, Ohio State University (buckermoraes.1@osu.edu);
Tyler McFeters, Penn State University (tsm31@psu.edu);
Joe LaForest, University of Georgia – Southern IPM (laforest@uga.edu);
Madalyn Shires, South Dakota State University (madalyn.shires@sdstate.edu);
Stephen Wegulo, University of Nebraska Lincoln (swegulo2@unl.edu);
Kelsey Andersen Onofre, Kansas State University (andersenk@ksu.edu);
Marty Draper, Kansas State University (maddr@ksu.edu);
Oluseyi Fajolu, USDA- Cereal Disease Lab (Oluseyi.Fajolu@usda.gov);
Martin Chilvers, Michigan State University (chilvers@msu.edu);
Austin McCoy, Michigan State University (mccoyaus@msu.edu);
Jessica Rupp, Kansas State University (jrupp@ksu.edu);
Alyssa Koehler, University of Delaware (akoehler@udel.edu);
Emmanuel Byamukama, USDA NIFA (Emmanuel.Byamukama@usda.gov);
James Kolmer, USDA-ARS (jim.kolmer@usda.gov);
Ken Obasa, Texas A&M (ken.obasa@ag.tamu.edu);
Amer Fayed, USDA NIFA (Amer.Fayad@usda.gov)

Brief Summary of Minutes

The meeting was held at the Hilton Pensacola Beach in Pensacola, Florida on February 28th, 2023and opened at 8:00am. The discussion started with participant introductions and individual state reports from Mississippi, Ontario, Iowa, Ohio, Oklahoma, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, New York, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota, Delaware/Maryland, Kansas, Louisiana, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Arkansas. There was an open group discussion about the complex of viruses that contribute to wheat streak mosaic virus. Kelsey Andersen Onofre mentioned a regional meeting scheduled to be held in Texas in April 2023. The group discussed the fungicide efficacy table and the addition of Prosaro Pro to the efficacy table for 2023. Kiersten Wise gave an update about the Crop Protection Network, including metrics about site visits and impact. The group had a productive 2022, launching a new website and new initiatives, including on-demand webinars through CPN TV. Andrew Friskop presented about the wheat disease loss estimates, which are compiled through members of NCERA-184 annually. The most economically important diseases from 2018-2021 were Fusarium head blight, stripe rust, leaf rust, bacterial leaf streak, and tan spot. The NCERA-184 organized a uniform fungicide trial with the 2022 treatment list including 9 treatments focused on the FGS8-9 timing, with one treatment at a 10.5.1 timing, and a non-treated control. Meriem Aoun presented on rust resistance in US hard red winter wheat regional nurseries. Wanderson Moraes presented recent research evaluating the influence of environmental factors on zearalenone (ZEA) accumulation in wheat. Europe has set thresholds for ZEA at .1 ppm, indicating that it is more toxic than DON. A main recommendation was that early harvest can help mitigate ZEA accumulation. Emmanuel Byamukama gave an update on USDA-NIFA initiatives. Martin Chilvers presented results from a meta-analysis of yield responses to fungicides at three different timings in winter wheat (Fk 4-6, Fk 9, 10.5.1). This work found an unexpected 4 bu/A yield response from the early application. It was suggested that multi-state work could help understand yield benefits of early applications. Erick De Wolf presented an update about research evaluating stripe rust heat tolerance, with new evidence that contemporary isolates are better adapted to warm conditions than previously believed. This points to either pathogen evolution or the introduction of novel populations of the stripe rust pathogen in the Great Plains. Joe LaForest presented updates about agpestmonitor and discussed future plans for wheat within this platform. Tyler McFeaters presented updates from Pennsylvania small grains fungicide trials. His group has been working to compile 20 years of PDMR data and develop meta-analyses across different diseases. Oluseyi Fajolu presented an updated from the USDA-ARS cereal disease laboratory and discussed with the group the history of the survey and tips for sampling and sending samples to the CDL. She reminded attendees to sign up for the email listserv. Kelsey Andersen Onofre opened the business meeting and asked for an approval of the minutes. Erick DeWolf motioned to approve and Tom Allen seconded that. The 2022 minutes were approved. Venues were discussed for the 2023 meeting. The group agreed that a poll would be sent out after the meeting to finalize. Ken Obasa will take over as chair in 2023-2024. Erick DeWolf was nominated and elected as incoming chair to serve 2024-25. The meeting adjourned at 3:55pm.

Minutes Attachment:

2023 NCERA-184 Meeting Minute_Final.docx

Accomplishments

Short-term Outcomes:  Fungicide efficacy trials were conducted in multiple states and locations, with several states participatingin a coordiated uniform fungicide trial. Key diseases were monitored across the US throughout the growing season. Members from participating states published more than 25 peer reviewed research articles and more than 90 extension publications in 2021. In total, efforts are advancing best managment practices for wheat disaeses in the US.  Outputs: Members from participating states shared information through winter meetings, publications, extension publications, radio, television, YouTube, and social media. Members worked together to produce the following outputs:  <ul> <li>The 2022 Fungicide Efficacy for Control of Wheat Diseases publication (CPN-3002-W) <a href="https://cropprotectionnetwork.s3.amazonaws.com/cpn3002_fungicideefficacywheatdisease_final.pdf">https://cropprotectionnetwork.s3.amazonaws.com/cpn3002_fungicideefficacywheatdisease_final.pdf</a></li> <li>Updates to the Fusarium Head Blight forecasting tool <a href="http://www.wheatscab.psu.edu/">http://www.wheatscab.psu.edu/</a></li> <li>2022 Wheat Disease Loss Estimates from the United States and Ontario, Canada (https://cropprotectionnetwork.org/publications/wheat-disease-loss-estimates-from-the-united-states-and-ontario-canada-2022)</li> </ul> Activities: NCERA-184 works under three primary objectives: <ul> <li>Objective 1. Better characterize best management practices for Fusarium head blight and leaf diseases in wheat and barley <ul> <li>The group continues to examine the roles of environment, variety, and chemical applications on management of important emerging or reemerging diseases in wheat and barley through state-level field trials. Results are reported through publications and extension reports by each state. These efforts contribute to the development of new wheat varieites across market classes. </li> </ul> </li> <li>Objective 2. Conduct fungicide efficacy trials for diseases in small grains <ul> <li>Current research in participating states has focused on both fungicide efficacy and the integration of variety resistance and well-timed fungicides for the control of Fusarium head blight. This research is part of the multi-state Integrated Management Coordinated Project funded through the U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative. Results have indicated the importance of using multiple management strategies to reduce FHB severity and grain DON levels. Research has also indicated that newer fungicides such as Miravis Ace,Sphaerex, and Prosaro Pro are effective. In addition, the project has initiated a uniform fungicide trial protocol for diseases other than Fusarium head blight. The 2021-2022 season was the first year of this protocol. Results were summarized by Andrew Friskop and presented at the annual meeting in 2023. </li> </ul> </li> <li>Objective 3. Improve disease management through forecasting tools <ul> <li>The NCERA-184 Committee coordinates a national level forecasting effort for FHB in wheat. The forecasting system is supported by the USDA USWBSI and provides daily estimates of disease risk.  A stripe rust forecasting model is currently being validated in Kansas and surrounding states, with the goal of a future national scale forecasting system. These efforts for forecasting for stripe rust and other foliar diseases of wheat are supported through the USDA National Predictive Model Tool Initiative (NPMTI).  </li> </ul> </li> <li>Objective 4. Monitor and report regional disease distributions and impact Comments: Rust diseases reported through platforms such as the ipmPIPE and the Cereal Disease Lab Rust Bulletin as well as disease loss estimates. <ul> <li>Wheat and barley disease occurance were reported by individual states through state-level and regional reporting outlets. Cereal rusts were reported to the cereal disease lab and published in the Cereal Disease Lab Rust Bulletin. Loss estimates were compiled by members of the NCERA-184 and published on the crop protection network (CPN) website.  </li> </ul> </li> </ul> Milestones: In year 1 of 5 of this project (2021-2022), data were generated by partner states to compile national recommendations for fungicide efficacy and other best managemnt practices for small grain diseases.

Publications

Refereed Journal Articles <ol> <li>Aoun, M., Carter, A.H., Morris, C.F., and Kiszonas, A.M. 2022. Genetic architecture of end-use quality traits in soft white winter wheat. BMC Genomics, 23: 1-17.</li> <li>Sandhu, K.S., Patil, S.S., Aoun, M. and Carter, A.H. 2022. Multi-Trait Multi-Environment Genomic Prediction for End-Use Quality Traits in Winter Wheat. Frontiers in Genetics, p.41.</li> <li>Aoun, M. and Boukid, F. 2022. Novel wheat quality features to expand durum wheat applications. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.12374">https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.12374</a>.</li> <li>Baenziger, P. S., Frels, K., Boehm, Jr, J. D., Belamkar, V., Rose, D., XU, L., Wegulo, S., Regassa, T., Easterly, A., Creech, C. F., Santra, D. K.., Klein, R. N., Jin, Y., Kolmer, J., Chen, M-S., Guttieri, M., Bai, G., El-Basyoni, I., Masterson, S., Poland, J.   Registration of ‘Epoch’ Hard Red Winter Wheat. J. Plant Regist. 16:613-621.</li> <li>Baenziger, P. S., Masterson, S., Boehm, Jr., . D., Belamkar, V., Barnett, M. D., Rose, D., XU, L., Wegulo, S., Regassa, T., Easterly, A., Creech, C. F., Santra, D. K., Kruger, G. R., Hergert, G. W., Klein, R. N., Jin, Y., Kolmer, J., Chen, M-S., Hein, G., Bowden, R., Guttieri, M. J., Bai, G., El-Basyoni, I., Poland, J.  Registration of LCS ‘Valiant’ Hard wed winter wheat.  J. Plant Regist.  https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/plr2.20256.</li> <li>Baenziger, P. S., Frels, K., Boehm, Jr., J. D., Belamkar, V., Rose, D., XU, L., Finnie, S. M., Wegulo, S., Regassa, T., Easterly, A., Creech, C. F., Santra, D. K., Klein, R. N., Jin, Y., Kolmer, J., Chen, M-S., Bowden, R., Guttieri, M. J., Bai, G., El-Basyoni, I., Masterson, S., Poland, J.    Registration of ‘NW13493’ hard white winter wheat.  J. Plant Regist.  https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/plr2.20270.</li> <li>Zhang, W., Danilova, T., Zhang, M.,  Ren, S., Zhu, X., Zhang, Q., Zhong, S., Dykes, L., Fiedler, J., Xu, S., Frels, K., Wegulo, S., Boehm Jr, J., and Cai, X.    Cytogenetic and genomic characterization of a novel tall wheatgrass-derived Fhb7 allele integrated into wheat B genome.  Theor. Appl. Genet. 135:4409-4419. [W]</li> <li>Fulcher, M. and G.C. Bergstrom. 2023. Draft genome sequences of 14 fungal species from Alternaria section infectoriae. Microbial Resource Announcements. Vol. 1 Issue 1. https://doi-org.proxy.library.cornell.edu/10.1128/mra.01084-22</li> <li>Megerssa S.H., Ammar K., Acevedo M., Bergstrom G.C., Dreisigacker S., Randhawa M., G. Brown-Guedira, B. Ward, and M.E. Sorrells. QTL mapping of seedling and field resistance to stem rust in DAKIYE/Reichenbachii durum wheat population. PLoS ONE 17(10): e0273993. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273993</li> <li>Del Ponte, Emerson M., Gláucia M. Moreira, Todd J. Ward, Kerry O’Donnell, Camila P. Nicolli, Franklin J. Machado, Maíra R. Duffeck, Kaique S. Alves, Dauri J. Tessmann, Cees Waalwijk, Theo van der Lee, Hao Zhang, Sofia N. Chulze, Sebastian A. Stenglein, Dinorah Pan, Silvana Vero, Lisa J. Vaillancourt, David G. Schmale III, Paul D. Esker, Antonio Moretti, Antonio F. Logrieco, H. Corby Kistler, Gary C. Bergstrom, Altus Viljoen, Lindy J. Rose, Gert J. van Coller, and Theresa Lee. 2022. Fusarium graminearum species complex: A bibliographic analysis and web-accessible database for global mapping of species and trichothecene toxin chemotypes. Phytopathology 112:741-751.  https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-06-21-0277-RVW</li> <li>Fulcher, M.R., E.P. Law, S. Wayman, M.R. Ryan, and G.C. Bergstrom. 2022. Fungal plant pathogens observed on perennial cereal crops in New York during2017-2018. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 37: 279-291. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170521000582</li> <li>Starr, J.K., G.C. Bergstrom, and P.J. Stachowski. 2022. Evaluation of integrated methods for management of Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol contamination in winter malting barley in New York, 2021. Plant Disease Management Reports 16: CF074.</li> <li>Cinderella J. and Koehler A.M. 2022. Assessment of fungicides and application timings for control of barley head and leaf diseases in Georgetown, DE, 2021. Plant Disease Management Reports. 16:CF115.</li> <li>Cinderella J. and Koehler A.M. 2022. Assessment of fungicides and application timings for control of wheat head diseases in Georgetown, Delaware, 2021. Plant Disease Management Reports. 16:CF116.</li> <li>White, N. H., Stombaugh, T. S., and Bradley, C. A. 2022. Effect of nozzle configuration and ground sprayer speed on Fusarium head blight management in wheat. Plant Health Progress https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-02-22-0013-RS.</li> <li>White, N. H., Neves, D. L., Nuckles, E. M., Vaillancourt, L. J., Zhang, J., Zhang, G., and Bradley, C. A. 2022. Identification of quinone outside inhibitor fungicide-resistant isolates of Parastagonospora nodorum from Illinois and Kentucky. Plant Disease. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-22-0180-RE.</li> <li>Van Sanford, D. A., Clark, A. J., Bradley, C., Brown-Guedira, G. L., Cowger, C., Dong, Y., and Baik, B.-K. 2022. Registration of ‘Pembroke 2021’ soft red winter wheat. Journal of Plant Registrations, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/plr2.20271.</li> <li>White, N. H., and Bradley, C. A. 2022. Identification of quinone outside inhibitor fungicide-resistant isolates of Zymoseptoria tritici from Kentucky wheat fields. Plant Health Progress 23:328-333. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-02-22-0018-RS">https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-02-22-0018-RS</a>.</li> <li>Friskop, A., Green, A., Ransom, J., Liu, Z, Knodel, J., Hansen, B., Halvorson, J., and Lux, L. 2022. Increase of bacterial leaf streak in hard red spring wheat in North Dakota and yield loss considerations. Phytopathology. Published online: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-08-22-0282-SA">https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-08-22-0282-SA</a></li> <li>Breunig, M., Nagelkirk, M., Byrne, A.M., Wilbur, J.F. Steinke, K., Chilvers, M.I. 2022. Meta-analysis of yield response to applications of fungicides made at different crop growth stages in Michigan winter wheat. Plant Health Progress 23:300-307 https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-09-21-0118-RS</li> <li>Breunig, M., Chilvers, M.I. 2022. Comparison between prothioconazole and prothioconazole-desthio in poison plate mycelial growth assays of F. graminearum. Plant Health Progress <a href="https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-06-21-0087-RS">https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-06-21-0087-RS</a></li> <li>De Wolf, E., Andersen Onofre, K., Lollato, R. Early Season Environmental Indicators of Wheat Stripe Rust Epidemics in the Central Great Plains Region of North America. 2023. Plant Disease. 107 (7), 2119-2125.</li> <li>Wanderson Bucker Moraes, Laurence V. Madden, and Pierce A. Paul. 2022. Efficacy of Genetic Resistance and Fungicide Application Against Fusarium Head Blight and Mycotoxins in Wheat Under Persistent Pre- and Post-anthesis Moisture. Plant Disease. 106: 2839-2855.</li> <li>Wanderson Bucker Moraes, Laurence V. Madden, and Pierce A. Paul. 2022. Characterizing Heterogeneity and Determining Sample Sizes for Accurately Estimating Wheat Fusarium Head Blight Index in Research Plots. Phytopathology. 112:315-334.</li> <li>Zhang, G., Martin, T. J., Fritz, A. K., Li, Y., Seabourn, B. W., Chen, R. Y., Bai, G., Bowden, R. L., Chen, M.-.S., Rupp, J., Jin, Y., Chen, X., Kolmer, J. A., & Marshall, D. S. Registration of ‘KS Hamilton’ Hard Red Winter Wheat. J Plant Regist. 2022; 16: 73–79.</li> </ol>   Extension & Outreach  <ol> <li>Andersen Onofre, K., De Wolf, E. Outlook for stripe rust in the 2022 Kansas wheat crop. March 31st <a href="https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/article_new/outlook-for-stripe-rust-in-the-2022-kansas-wheat-crop-488-4">https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/article_new/outlook-for-stripe-rust-in-the-2022-kansas-wheat-crop-488-4</a></li> <li>Andersen Onofre, K., Lollato, R., Lancaster, S. Spring emerged volunteer wheat: should producers be worried about wheat streak mosaic virus and the green bridge? April 7th <a href="https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/article_new/spring-emerged-volunteer-wheat-should-producers-worry-about-wheat-streak-mosaic-virus-and-the-green-bridge-489">https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/article_new/spring-emerged-volunteer-wheat-should-producers-worry-about-wheat-streak-mosaic-virus-and-the-green-bridge-489</a></li> <li>Lollato, R., Redmond, C., De Wolf, E., Andersen Onofre, K. 2022 Kansas wheat: crop conditions and risk of freeze injury. <a href="https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/article_new/2022-kansas-wheat-crop-conditions-and-risk-of-freeze-injury-490">https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/article_new/2022-kansas-wheat-crop-conditions-and-risk-of-freeze-injury-490</a></li> <li>Andersen Onofre, K. Wheat disease update: April 21st <a href="https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/article_new/wheat-disease-update-april-21-2022-491">https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/article_new/wheat-disease-update-april-21-2022-491</a></li> <li>Andersen Onofre, K. Wheat disease update: May 4th <a href="https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/article_new/wheat-disease-update-may-4th-2022-493">https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/article_new/wheat-disease-update-may-4th-2022-493</a></li> <li>Lollato, R. De Wolf, E., Andersen Onofre, K. Possible causes for white heads in wheat. May 26th, 2022. <a href="https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/article_new/possible-causes-for-white-heads-in-wheat-496">https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/article_new/possible-causes-for-white-heads-in-wheat-496</a></li> <li>Andersen Onofre, K., E., Lollato, R., Michaud, J.P., Lancaster, S. Wheat streak mosaic virus: Problematic in central Kansas for the second year in a row. July 28th <a href="https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/article_new/wheat-streak-mosaic-virus-problematic-in-central-kansas-for-the-second-year-in-a-row-505-3">https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/article_new/wheat-streak-mosaic-virus-problematic-in-central-kansas-for-the-second-year-in-a-row-505-3</a></li> <li>Andersen Onofre, K., De Wolf, E., Lollato, R., and Whitworth, Kansas Wheat Variety Guide 2022 now available. August 11th, 2022. <a href="https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/article_new/kansas-wheat-variety-guide-2022-now-available-507-6">https://eupdate.agronomy.ksu.edu/article_new/kansas-wheat-variety-guide-2022-now-available-507-6</a></li> <li>Andersen Onofre, K., De Wolf, E. D., Lollato, R. and Whitworth, J. R. 2022. Kansas Wheat Variety Guide. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Pub No. MF991.</li> <li>Andersen Onofre, K. and De Wolf, E. D. 2022. Foliar fungicide efficacy ratings for wheat disease management 2021. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Pub No. EP-130.</li> <li>Smith, D.L. 2022. Wisconsin winter wheat disease update-June 1, 2022. Badger Crop Doc Blog, June 1. <a href="https://badgercropdoc.com/2022/06/01/wisconsin-winter-wheat-disease-update-june-1-2022/">https://badgercropdoc.com/2022/06/01/wisconsin-winter-wheat-disease-update-june-1-2022/</a></li> <li>Smith, D.L. 2022. Wisconsin winter wheat disease update-May 24, 2022. Badger Crop Doc Blog, May 24. <a href="https://badgercropdoc.com/2022/05/24/wisconsin-winter-wheat-disease-update-may-24-2022/">https://badgercropdoc.com/2022/05/24/wisconsin-winter-wheat-disease-update-may-24-2022/</a></li> <li>Harrison, S., K. Arceneaux, N. Baisakh, B. Padgett, and P. Price.   Development of wheat and oat varieties with improved yield and disease resistance.  LA Agric.  Spring 2021.  30-31.</li> <li>Harrison, S., K. Arceneaux, N. Baisakh, B. Padgett, and P. Price.   Development of wheat varieties resistant to Fusarium head blight.  LA Agric.  Spring 2021.  32.</li> <li>Padgett, B., T. Price, and S. Harrison.   Managing Fusarium Head Blight (Scab) in Louisiana Wheat.  La. Agric.  LA Agric.  Summer 2018.  28-29.</li> <li>Padgett, B., T. Price, and S. Harrison. 2022 March wheat update.  Louisiana Crops Newsletter.  12(2).  March 2022.</li> <li>Padgett, B., S. Harrison, and T. Price. Wheat production practices in Louisiana.  Louisiana Crops Newsletter.  12(8).  September 2022.</li> <li>Harrison, S., B. Padgett, and T. Price. Wheat variety performance in Louisiana.  Louisiana Crops Newsletter.  12(8).  September 2022. </li> <li>Connie Strunk, Febina Mathew and Madalyn Shires. 2022. Know Soybean Cyst Nematode, Numbers Matter! South Dakota State University extension. Published 09/13/2022 <a href="https://extension.sdstate.edu/know-soybean-cyst-nematode-numbers-matter">https://extension.sdstate.edu/know-soybean-cyst-nematode-numbers-matter</a></li> <li>Rozeboom, P., Vos, D., Alms, J. Wrage, L. J., Varenhorst, A. J. Wagner, P. M., Shires, M., Yabwalo, D., and Strunk, C. 2022 South Dakota Pest Management Guide – Corn. South Dakota State University Extension.</li> <li>Rozeboom, P., Vos, D., Alms, J. Wrage, L. J., Varenhorst, A. J. Wagner, P. M., Shires, M., Yabwalo, D., and Strunk, C. 2022 South Dakota Pest Management Guide – Soybean. South Dakota State University Extension.</li> <li>Rozeboom, P., Vos, D., Alms, J. Wrage, L. J., Varenhorst, A. J. Wagner, P. M., Shires, M., Yabwalo, D., and Strunk, C. 2022 South Dakota Pest Management Guide – Wheat. South Dakota State University Extension.</li> <li>Rozeboom, P., Vos, D., Alms, J. Wrage, L. J., Varenhorst, A. J. Wagner, P. M., Byamukama, E., Yabwalo, D., and Strunk, C. 2021. 2021 South Dakota Pest Management Guide – Soybean. South Dakota State University Extension.</li> <li>Silva, A., Cyrineu, I., Carver, B., Lynch, T., Olaniyi, S., Aoun, M. 2022. “2021-2022 Small Grains Variety Performance Tests”. Oklahoma Coop. Ext. Service Current Report. CR-2143. <a href="https://extension.okstate.edu/fact-sheets/2021-2022-small-grains-variety-performance-tests.html">https://extension.okstate.edu/fact-sheets/2021-2022-small-grains-variety-performance-tests.html</a></li> <li>Aoun, M. 2022. EPP-21-18. Wheat Disease Update October 5, 2022. <a href="https://extension.okstate.edu/e-pest-alerts/2022/wheat-disease-update-october-5-2022.html">https://extension.okstate.edu/e-pest-alerts/2022/wheat-disease-update-october-5-2022.html</a></li> <li>Aoun, M. 2022. EPP-21-12. Wheat Disease Update June 2, 2022. https://extension.okstate.edu/e-pest-alerts/2022/wheat-disease-update-june-2-2022.html</li> <li>Aoun, M. 2022. EPP-21-11. Wheat Disease Update May 19, 2022. <a href="https://extension.okstate.edu/e-pest-alerts/2022/wheat-disease-update-may19-2022.html">https://extension.okstate.edu/e-pest-alerts/2022/wheat-disease-update-may19-2022.html</a></li> <li>Aoun, M. 2022. EPP-21-10. Wheat Disease Update May 2022. <a href="https://extension.okstate.edu/e-pest-alerts/2022/wheat-disease-update-may-2022.html">https://extension.okstate.edu/e-pest-alerts/2022/wheat-disease-update-may-2022.html</a></li> <li>Aoun, M. 2022. EPP-21-7. Wheat Disease Update April 2022. <a href="https://extension.okstate.edu/e-pest-alerts/2022/wheat-disease-update-april-28-2022.html">https://extension.okstate.edu/e-pest-alerts/2022/wheat-disease-update-april-28-2022.html</a></li> <li>Aoun, M. 2022. EPP-21-6. Wheat Disease Update April 2022 <a href="https://extension.okstate.edu/e-pest-alerts/2022/wheat-disease-update-april-21-2022.html">https://extension.okstate.edu/e-pest-alerts/2022/wheat-disease-update-april-21-2022.html</a></li> <li>Aoun, M. 2022. EPP-21-5. Wheat Disease Update April 2022. <a href="https://extension.okstate.edu/e-pest-alerts/2022/wheat-disease-update-april-2022.html">https://extension.okstate.edu/e-pest-alerts/2022/wheat-disease-update-april-2022.html</a></li> <li>Aoun, M. 2022. EPP-21-3. Wheat Disease Update March 2022. <a href="https://extension.okstate.edu/e-pest-alerts/2022/wheat-disease-update-march-2022.html">https://extension.okstate.edu/e-pest-alerts/2022/wheat-disease-update-march-2022.html</a></li> <li>2022 Arkansas Plant Disease Control products Guide - MP154</li> <li>Knezevic, S. Z.,…..Wegulo, S. N., …et al. 2022. 2022 Guide for Weed, Disease, and Insect Management in Nebraska. Nebraska Extension Circular EC130.</li> <li>Creech, C., Easterly, A., Maust, B., Frels, K., and Wegulo, S.   2022 Fall Seed Guide. Nebraska Extension Circular EC103. Newsletter Articles:</li> <li>Wegulo, S.   Wheat Disease Update: May 19 CropWatch, May 2022</li> <li>Klein, R., Creech, C., La Menza, N. C., Dutcher, A., Easterly, A., DeBoer, K., and Wegulo, S.  Assessing Freeze Injury to Wheat.  CropWatch, May 20 2022.</li> <li>Wegulo, S.   Wheat Disease Update: Barley Yellow Dwarf and Wheat Streak Mosaic.  CropWatch, June 10.</li> <li>Wegulo, S.   Pre-harvest Hail in 2022 Elevates the Risk for Wheat Streak Mosaic in 2023.  CropWatch, June 17.</li> <li>Wegulo, S.   Wheat Disease Update: Overview of the 2022 Growing Season.  CropWatch, June 24.</li> <li>Koehler A.M. Fusarium Head Blight Management, Delaware Weekly Crop Update. 4.1.22</li> <li>Koehler A.M. Fusarium Risk Tool, Delaware Weekly Crop Update. 4.7.22</li> <li>Koehler A.M. Wheat and Barley Disease Updates, Delaware Weekly Crop Update. 4.21.22</li> <li>Koehler A.M. FHB Management, MD Agronomy News, 4.22.22</li> <li>Koehler A.M. Small Grain Disease Updates, Delaware Weekly Crop Update. 4.28.22</li> <li>Koehler A.M. Small Grain Sorting Symptoms and FHB Disease Updates, Delaware Weekly Crop Update. 5.6.22</li> <li>Koehler A.M. Disease Updates for Small Grains, Delaware Weekly Crop Update. 5.13.22 Koehler A.M. Scouting Fields for Frost Damage and Fusarium Head Blight, Delaware Weekly Crop Update. 5.19.22</li> <li>Koehler A.M. FHB Updates, Delaware Weekly Crop Update. 5.27.22</li> <li>Koehler A.M. Preparing for 2023: Small Grains Disease Management, Delaware Weekly Crop Update. 9.16.22</li> <li>Koehler A.M. Preparing for 2023: Small Grains Disease Management, MD Agronomy News. 10.1.22</li> <li>Cinderella J. and Koehler A.M. 2022. Powdery Mildew on Small Grains. University of Delaware Factsheet.</li> <li>Cinderella J. and Koehler A.M. 2022. Septoria Nodorum Blotch aka Septoria Glume Blotch. University of Delaware Factsheet.</li> <li>Cinderella J. and Koehler A.M. 2022. Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus. University of Delaware Factsheet.</li> <li>Cinderella J. and Koehler A.M. 2022. Fusarium Head Blight. University of Delaware Factsheet.</li> <li>Koehler A.M. 2022. Observation Times for Common Small Grain Diseases in the Mid-Atlantic. University of Delaware Factsheet.</li> <li>Koehler A.M. 2022. Small Grain Early Season Symptom Chart. University of Delaware Factsheet.</li> <li>Bradley, C. A., Mehl, K., Walsh, J., and White, N. 2022. Evaluation of different fungicide application timings for management of Fusarium head blight of wheat, 2021. University of Kentucky Wheat Science Research Reports. https://wheatscience.ca.uky.edu/files/2021_c_bradley_-_fhb_management_in_wheat_-_revised_11-28_carl_2021_rr.pdf. https://wheatscience.ca.uky.edu/files/2021_c_bradley_-wheat_virus_survey_2021_rr.pdf.</li> <li>Bradley, C. A., Mehl, K., Neves, D., and White, N. 2022. Wheat virus survey for Kentucky during the 2021 field season. University of Kentucky Wheat Science Research Reports. https://wheatscience.ca.uky.edu/files/2021_c_bradley_-wheat_virus_survey_2021_rr.pdf.</li> <li>Lee, C., Knott, C., and Bradley, C. A. 2022. Rye crop and disease management in Kentucky, 2020-2021. University of Kentucky Wheat Science Research Reports. https://wheatscience.ca.uky.edu/files/2021_chad_lee_hybrid_rye_management_report_final_rr_0.pdf.</li> <li>White, N., Van Sanford, D., and Bradley, C. A. 2022. Evaluation of different fungicide application timings for management of Septoria leaf blotch complex in two wheat varieties, 2021. University of Kentucky Wheat Science Research Reports. https://wheatscience.ca.uky.edu/files/2021_c_bradley_-_leaf_disease_management_in_wheat_-_rr.pdf.</li> <li>Bradley, C. 2022. The Best Management of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat Startw with the Selection of Varieties with Resistance. September 20, 2022. Kentucky Pest News. <a href="https://kentuckypestnews.wordpress.com/2022/09/20/the-best-management-of-fusarium-head-blight-of-wheat-starts-with-the-selection-of-varieties-with-resistance/">https://kentuckypestnews.wordpress.com/2022/09/20/the-best-management-of-fusarium-head-blight-of-wheat-starts-with-the-selection-of-varieties-with-resistance/</a>.</li> <li>Keene, C, Green, A., Friskop, A., Friesen, T., Liu, Z., Zhong, S., Rickertsen, J., Eriksmoen, E., Hanson, B., Martin, G., Pradhan, G., Ostlie, M. 2022. North Dakota Hard Red Spring Wheat Variety Trial Results for 2022 and Selection Guide. North Dakota Extension Publication A574-22.</li> <li>Keene, C., Elias, E., Friskop, A., Friesen, T., Liu, Z., Zhong, S., Manthey, F., Martin, G., Rickertsen, J., Eriksmoen, E., Hanson, B., Pradhan, G., Ostlie, M. 2022. North Dakota Durum Wheat Variety Trial Results for 2022 and Selection Guide. North Dakota Extension Publication A1067-22.</li> <li>Keene, C., Baldwin, T., Horsley, R., McMullen, M., Friskop, A., Zwinger, S., Ostlie, M., Martin, G., Rickertsen, J., Eriksmoen, E., Hanson, B., and Gautam, P. 2022. North Dakota Barley, Oat and Rye Variety Trial Results for 2022 and Selection Guide. North Dakota Extension Publication A1049-22.</li> <li>Keene, C., Marais, F., Friskop, A., Liu, Z., Zhong, S., Rickertsen, J., Eriksmoen, E., Hanson, B., Martin, G., Ostlie, M., Pradhan, G. 2022. North Dakota Hard Red Winter Wheat Variety Trial Results for 2022 and Selection Guide. North Dakota Extension Publication A1196-22.</li> </ol>   Abstracts and Proceedings   <ol> <li>Yabwalo, D.N., Shaukat Ali, Karl Glover, Connie Tande, and Madalyn Shires. 2022. Management of Fusarium head blight with demethylation inhibitors and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors combinations under high disease pressure in spring wheat. In 2022 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum proceedings, Dec. 4 to Dec. 6, Tampa, FL.</li> <li>Mahecha, D. Yabwalo, C. Tande, S. Ali, M. Shires and E. Byamukama. 2022. Efficacy of Essential Oils in the Management of Fusarium Head Blight in Spring Wheat. In 2022 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum proceedings. Dec. 4 to Dec. 6, Tampa, FL.</li> <li>Gabe Dudek, Bryan Hansen, Dalitso Yabwalo, Shaukat Ali, LeAnn Lux, Jessica Halverson, Scott Meyer, Andrew Friskop. 2022. Evaluating Plant Protection Products on Bacterial Leaf Streak Severity in hard red spring wheat. In 2022 American Phytopathology Society - North Central Division Annual Meeting proceedings. Jun 21 to Jun 23, Lincoln, NE.</li> <li>Aoun, M. 2022. Identification of rust resistance genes in tetraploid wheat”. International Academic Conference on Triticeae Crop Production and Challenges. Beijing, China, December 2022 (virtual, oral presentation).</li> <li>Aoun, M., Wang, M.., Somo, M., Xu, S.S., Li, Xuehui, Chen, X., and Elias, E.M. 2022. “Harnessing Genetic potential of durum wheat for stripe rust resistance”. American Phytopathological Society, Pittsburgh, PA, August 2022 (poster).</li> <li>Aoun, M., Carter A.H., Morris, and C.F, Kiszonas, A.M. 2022. “Breeding optimization for end-use quality in soft white winter wheat”. The Plant and Animal Genome XXIX. San Diego, CA, January 2022 (virtual, poster).</li> <li>Mahnoor Asif, Stephen Wegulo, Julie Stevens, Katherine Frels, Heather Hallen-Adams, and Kent Eskridge.   Effects of Fungicides and Cultivar Resistance on Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat.  Proceedings of the 2022 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum.  <a href="https://scabusa.org/scripts/forum/absView.php?id=20&fy=2022">https://scabusa.org/scripts/forum/absView.php?id=20&fy=2022</a>.</li> <li>Shiv Singla, Nathan Palmer, Lois Bernhardson, Patrick O’Neill, Tammy Gries, Zachary Duray, Ruth Dill Macky, Scott Sattler, Stephen Wegulo, and Deanna Funnell-Harris.   Constitutive Expression of SbCCoAOMT in the Phenylpropanoid Pathway Can Improve Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat.  Proceedings of the 2022 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum.  <a href="https://scabusa.org/scripts/forum/absView.php?id=82&fy=2022">https://scabusa.org/scripts/forum/absView.php?id=82&fy=2022</a>.</li> <li>Katherine Frels, Fang Wang, Stephen Wegulo, Xiwen Cai, P. Stephen Baenziger, and Vikas Belamkar.   Selecting for Fusarium Resistance in the Great Plains.  Proceedings of the 2022 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. <a href="https://scabusa.org/scripts/forum/absView.php?id=51&fy=2022">https://scabusa.org/scripts/forum/absView.php?id=51&fy=2022</a>.</li> <li>Mahnoor Asif, Stephen Wegulo, Julie Stevens, Katherine Frels, Heather Hallen-Adams, and Kent Eskridge.   Effects of Fungicides and Cultivar Resistance on Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat.  Proceedings of the 2022 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum.  <a href="https://scabusa.org/scripts/forum/absView.php?id=20&fy=2022">https://scabusa.org/scripts/forum/absView.php?id=20&fy=2022</a>.</li> <li>Shiv Singla, Nathan Palmer, Lois Bernhardson, Patrick O’Neill, Tammy Gries, Zachary Duray, Ruth Dill-Macky, Scott Sattler, Stephen Wegulo, and Deanna Funnell-Harris.   Constitutive Expression of SbCCoAOMT in the Phenylpropanoid Pathway Can Improve Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat.  Proceedings of the 2022 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum.  <a href="https://scabusa.org/scripts/forum/absView.php?id=82&fy=2022">https://scabusa.org/scripts/forum/absView.php?id=82&fy=2022</a>.</li> <li>Katherine Frels, Fang Wang, Stephen Wegulo, Xiwen Cai, P. Stephen Baenziger, and Vikas Belamkar.   Selecting for Fusarium Resistance in the Great Plains.  Proceedings of the 2022 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. https://scabusa.org/scripts/forum/absView.php?id=51&fy=2022.</li> <li>Cinderella, J., G. Bergstrom, N. Rawat, and A. Koehler. 2022. Baseline sensitivities of Fusarium species to pydiflumetofen in East Coast malting barley. Page 10 In: Proceedings of the 2022 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative.</li> <li>Moraes, W.B., G. Bergstrom, K. Bissonette, K. Bowen, C. Bradley, E. Byamumkama, M. Chilvers, A.Collins, C. Cowger, H. Darby, E. DeWolf, R. Dill Macky, P. Esker, A. Friskof, N. Kleczewski, A. Koehler, D. Langston Jr., L. Madden, J. Marshall, H. Mehl, M. Nagelkirk, N. Rawat, D. Smith, D. Telenko, S. Wegulo, H. Young-Kelly, and P.A. Paul. Fusarium head blight management coordinated project: integrated management trials 2022. Pages 20-21 In: Proceedings of the 2022 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative.</li> <li>Moraes, W.B., G. Bergstrom, K. Bissonette, K. Bowen, C. Bradley, E. Byamumkama, M. Chilvers, A.Collins, C. Cowger, H. Darby, E. DeWolf, R. Dill Macky, P. Esker, A. Friskof, N. Kleczewski, A. Koehler, D. Langston Jr., L. Madden, J. Marshall, H. Mehl, M. Nagelkirk, N. Rawat, D. Smith, D. Telenko, S. Wegulo, H. Young-Kelly, and P.A. Paul. Fusarium head blight management coordinated project: uniform fungicide trials 2022. Pages 22-23 In: Proceedings of the 2022 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative.</li> <li>Cinderella J. and Koehler A.M. 2022. Establishment of United States Fusarium graminearum baseline fungicide sensitivity levels to pydiflumetofen. APS Potomac Division Meeting, Virtual.</li> <li>Cinderella J., G.C. Bergstrom, and Koehler A.M. 2022. Baseline sensitivities of Fusarium species to pydiflumetofen in east coast malting barley. USWBSI, Tampa, FL.</li> <li>Cinderella J. and Koehler A.M. 2022. Evaluation of fungicide efficacy timing to manage malting barley diseases in Delaware. APS National Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA.</li> <li>Koehler A.M. 2022. Coordinated Fungicide Sensitivity Project. National Fusarium Head Blight Forum.</li> <li>Moraes, W. B., Bergstrom, G., Bissonnette, K., Bowen, K., Bradley, C., Byamukama, E., Chilvers, M., Collins, A., Cowger, C., Darby, H., DeWolf, E., Dill Macky, R., Esker, P., Friskop, A., Kleczewski, N., Koehler, A., Langston, D., Madden, L., Marshall, J., Mehl, H., Negelkirk, M., Rawat, N., Smith, D., Telenko, D., Wegulo, S., Young-Kelly, H., and Paul, P. A. 2022. Fusarium head blight management coordinated project: integrated management trials 2022. Proceedings of the 2022 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. https://www.scabusa.org/forum22.</li> <li>Moraes, W. B., Bergstrom, G., Bissonnette, K., Bowen, K., Bradley, C., Byamukama, E., Chilvers, M., Collins, A., Cowger, C., Darby, H., DeWolf, E., Dill Macky, R., Esker, P., Friskop, A., Kleczewski, N., Koehler, A., Langston, D., Madden, L., Marshall, J., Mehl, H., Negelkirk, M., Rawat, N., Smith, D., Telenko, D., Wegulo, S., Young-Kelly, H., and Paul, P. A. 2022. Fusarium head blight management coordinated project: uniform fungicide trials 2022. Proceedings of the 2022 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. https://www.scabusa.org/forum22.</li> <li>Dusek, G., Hansen, B., Yabwalo, D., Ali, S., Lux, L., Halvorson, J., Meyer, S., and Friskop, A. 2022. Evaluating plant protection products on bacterial leaf streak severity in hard red spring wheat. North Central- American Phytopathological Society Symposium. June 2022.</li> <li>Moraes, W.B., Bergstrom, G., Bissonnette, K., Bowen, K., Bradley, C., Byamukama, E., Chilvers, M., Collins, A., Cowger, C., Darby, H., DeWolf, E., Dill Macky, R., Esker, P., Friskop, A., Kleczewski, N., Koehler, A., Langston Jr., D., Madden, L., Marshall, J., Mehl, H., Nagelkirk, M., Rawat, N., Smith, D., Telenko, D., Wegulo, S., Young-Kelly, H., and Paul., P.A. 2022. Fusarium head blight management coordinated project: Uniform fungicide trials 2022. Proceedings of the 2022 National FHB Forum, Tampa, FL. US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative publishers, East Lansing, MI/Lexington, KY</li> <li>Moraes, W.B., Bergstrom, G., Bissonnette, K., Bowen, K., Bradley, C., Byamukama, E., Chilvers, M., Collins, A., Cowger, C., Darby, H., DeWolf, E., Dill Macky, R., Esker, P., Friskop, A., Kleczewski, N., Koehler, A., Langston Jr., D., Madden, L., Marshall, J., Mehl, H., Nagelkirk, M., Rawat, N., Smith, D., Telenko, D., Wegulo, S., Young-Kelly, H., and Paul., P.A. 2022. Fusarium head blight management coordinated project: Integrated management trials 2022. Proceedings of the 2022 National FHB Forum, Tampa, FL. US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative publishers, East Lansing, MI/Lexington, KY</li> <li>Lux, L., Halvorson, J., Hansen, B., Meyer, S., Chapara, V., Arens, A., Kalil, A., Tjelde, T., Teixeria, J., Bortolon, L., and Friskop, A. Summary of 2022 uniform fungicide trials (UFT) in North Dakota. Proceedings of the 2022 National FHB Forum, Tampa, FL. US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative publishers, East Lansing, MI/Lexington, KY</li> <li>Andersen Onofre, E. De Wolf, W. Bucker Moraes, P. A. Paul. MGMT Coordinated Project Overview and Kansas Perspective. USWBSI Scab Forum. Tampa, FL. December 4th, 2022.</li> <li>Andersen Onofre. The influence of a changing climate on some of the most sinister wheat pathogens. Plant Health 2022. October 4th, 2022. Virtual Post-Meeting Webinar Series: Climate Change and the Future of our Natural and Agricultural Systems. Oral presentation.</li> <li>Andersen Onofre. Practical management of Fusarium head blight. USWBSI Scabinar 2022. March 15th, 2022. Oral presentation.</li> <li>Abshire, J., Wang, H., Bowden, R. L., De Wolf, E. D., Andersen Onfore, K. Revisiting diagnostic techniques for differentiation of fungal wheat pathogens Tilletia tritici, Tilletia laevis, and Tilletia controversa. NDPN National Meeting 2022. Poster Presentation.</li> <li>Moura, R. D., Wang, H., *Abshire, J., Bowden, R., Byrne, J., Chilvers, M., Sanzhen, L., De Wolf, E., Andersen Onofre, K. A comparison of molecular diagnostic assays for Tilletia species causing bunt on wheat. American Phytopathological Society. Plant Health 2022. Poster Presentation.</li> <li>Abshire, J., Bowden, R., De Wolf, E., Debacker Moura, R. Wang, H., Andersen Onofre, K. Revisiting the morphological identification of the fungal wheat pathogens Tilletia tritici, laevis, and T. controversa. American Phytopathological Society. Plant Health 2022. Poster Presentation.</li> <li>Duffeck, M., Luis, J. M., Monclova-Santana, C., Byamukama, E., De Wolf, E., Owen, E., Andersen Onofre, K., Burrows, M., Ali, S., Murry, T., McKelvy, U., Paul, P. Natural occurrence of Spetoria tritici blotch in winter wheat in Ohio and its association with weather variables. American Phytopathological Society. Plant Health 2022. Poster Presentation.</li> </ol>

Impact Statements

Small grains producers were able to make better management decisions because of updated fungicide efficacy guides and varietal disease ratings, generated by participating states.

Date of Annual Report: 07/19/2024

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 03/04/2024 - 03/04/2024
Period the Report Covers: 04/01/2023 - 03/31/2024

Participants

Terry Spurlock (for Ken Obassa / U of Arkansas), Rafael Zain (U of Arkansas), Joe LaForest (U of Georgia / Southern IPM / Bugwood), Ruth Dill-Macky (University of Minneosta), Carl Bradley (University of Kentucky (UKY)), Darcy Telenko (Purdue University), Martin Chilvers (Michigan State University), Damon Smith (University of Wisconsin - Madison), Danilo Neves (UKY), Kelsey Mehl (UKY), Boyd Padgett (LSU Ag. Center), Trey (Paul) Price (LSU Ag. Center), Travis Faske (U of Arkansas / State Division of Ag.), Heather Kelly (University of Tennasee), Oluseyi Fajolu (USDA-ARS CDL, St. Paul MN), Mandy Bish (University of Missouri), Alyssa Koehler Betts (University of Delaware), Meriem Aoun (Oklahoma State University), Madalyn Shires (South Dakota State University), Steven Wegulo (University of Nebraska - Lincoln)

Online: Gary Bergstrom (Cornell University), Emmanuel Byamukama (USDA-NIFA), Andrew Friskop (North Dakota State University), Amer Fayad (USDA-NIFA)

Brief Summary of Minutes

NCERA 184 Diseases of Small Grains Annual Meeting

Hilton Hotel, Pensacola Beach, FL - Emerald Coast Room - March 4^th, 2024

State Reports & Discussion- Terry Spurlock, USDA

South Dakota: dry, little disease

Oklahoma: dry, foot rots and Fusarium root rots, Parastagonospora

Delaware and Maryland: cool spring with good yield, some falling number issues, BYDV in barley

Missouri: dry, no FHB reported, some viruses (esp. wheat spindle streak)

Tennessee: little disease leaf and glume blotch, some low level of FHB, good yields

Arkansas: no reports of disease, freeze impacted early heading lines, little disease though Septoria seen on some varieties, growers were happy with yields

Louisiana: lots of YR, little FHB in the last 3 years

Wisconsin: dry as in the rest of the Midwest, some PM (susceptible varieties), no FHB

Michigan: little disease

Indiana: little disease

Kentucky: record yields, few disease issues

New York: dry, excellent quality and set yield records on wheat and barley, no FHB, few toxin issues in grain (organic production areas), pre-harvest sprouting was seen, some localized YR – perhaps due to overwintering of the pathogen

North Dakota: uptick in spring wheat & durum acreage, everything was at least average for yield, little disease seen though had a SR susceptible variety (awnless, poor quality) that was bad enough to have lodging and hoping to get this cv. out of production

Nebraska: dry in the east but wetter in the west / panhandle (seen also in 2009) and some SR was seen in this area

Update on FHB fungicide resistance screening project - Alyssa Koehler Betts, University of Delaware

Screening isolates for resistance to fungicides

Miravis Ace – SDHI active ingredient / pydiflumetofen – 0-5 ppm tested

Isolated from 16 states – 177 Fg isolates total tested

The product was effective against all isolates – EC50 for all was well below 1 ppm (range was 0.35-1.75)

Manuscript being prepared (Joe Cinderella, MS student with Koehler is lead author)

Will start to look at additional products (chemistries) and will be contributing “interesting” isolates to the national collection (USDA)

Marty Chilvers collecting isolates from Midwest – including MN / low FHB pressure in 2022 and 2023 has reduced the number of isolates were submitted

Also seeking isolates from barley – more Fusarium species (ca. 6 species) isolated from barley

Yeast Bacto agar – growth more symmetrical than on PDA – switching media used for testing to this (YBA) for testing with fungicide added

Admin Update - Kendall Lamkey, NCERA184 Administrator

Little for update. NCERA-184 is 2 years into project following a renewal. There will be a mid-term review, so need to get the report in.

Upcoming webinar on Fusarium head blight management, “Scabinar 2024” – Carl Bradley, UKY

Coming up on March 13^th. an Google and find it / currently >200 registered for it. 10 am – 12 noon central time, CCA credits available Last time 2 long presentations and a panel, this time more smaller presentations and then a panel, focus will be on fungicide use for control of FHB, will be recorded and available online, both old and this version will be available online afterward.

Discussion about the data and analysis of IMT and UFT trials – Pierce will still be coordinating this and has someone in place to help with the manuscript. Larry Madden will also be involved. Damon Smith indicated that the corn folks have streamlined the data processing.

Gary Bergstrom mentioned the 6^th International FHB meeting in Niagara Falls (Oct 21-24, 2024)

Wheat disease loss estimates - Andrew Friskop, NDSU (with Adam Sisson and Daren Mueller)

Crop Protection Network publishes annual loss surveys, graduate students using the website

As of now 25/29 have submitted – still needing data

Mean losses 2023-1.8%, 2022 – 2.5%, 2021-4% and 2020-5.2%

Top 8 diseases for 2023 (in order): LR, TS, BLS, Stagonospora leaf blotch, PM, Fusarium CR and FR, FHB and Septoria tritici blotch. FHB is lower on this list that in the past several years.

Working on a publication (Plant Health Progress), proposing 6 regions (see picture for the top 3 diseases in each of these regions), looking for feedback on appropriateness of the regions presented

2023 leaf diseases have dominated the table (Northern Great Plains (MN, ND & SD) is 1-BLS, 2-Tan Spot and 3-Stagonospora nodorum blotch)

Crop Protection Network Updates - Kiersten Wise, UKY

Crop Protection Network (CropProtectionNetwork.org) – infrastructure for multi-state, multi-author outputs and tracks impacts for extension (soy, corn, wheat, cotton & alfalfa)

Website show publications and other impacts on the dashboard (all CPN outputs are peer-reviewed)

Outputs: web page, publications, video (CPN TV, Crop Scott Tool), audio, tools (includes maps and yield loss calculator), outreach (meetings, X, and Instagram)

AgPest Monitor: Benefits to PI’s and role in our work - Joe LaForest, UGA

Based on EDD maps (EDDMapS Pro), but focused on Ag (https://wheat.agpestmonitor.org)

State, commodity, county observational data

Wheat SR, LR and YR data (presence/absence) was entered by county

Uploads can be done offline and then submitted once back with an internet connection.

Possible role with NCERA 184 work? – monitor and report regional disease distributions and impact (rust work was on ipmPIPE - which is now a part of APM)

2023 has no data as it was a light disease year

Erick DeWolf is presently the only person working on wheat using this site, though others in NCERA 184 are using the site for corn work

Interest in using the site for wheat? Mapping and picture information seems very helpful. May take a “champion” to get folks to use. YR data may be particularly helpful (has already been seen this year in the south (Louisiana / Padgett)

Unravelling genomic regions conferring leaf rust and stripe rust resistance in hard winter wheat - Meriem Aoun, OSU (was at NDSU with Maricelis Acevedo (then at NDSU and now at Cornell) & worked with Jim Kolmer)

Stripe Rust overview and yield losses – YR and LR were the most important diseases in OK 2018-2023

PSTv-37 predominant race in the US, diverse races in the Pacific Northwest

86 YR res genes (58 ASR + 28 APR), 7 cloned, many no longer resistant

459 hard winter wheat accessions tested (2021 & 2022 performance nurseries) – YR17 present but no longer effective, slow rusting genes (Yr 18 & Yr29) also present – MRAseq completed – seedling testing and 9-14% were resistant to the five races tested at the seedling stage (16 lines had broad spectrum resistance), 140 lines had APR (more APR than ASR.

Phenotypic data used in GWAS to identify SNPs associated with YR resistance seedling (31 SNPs at the seedling stage, 5 with 3 or more races) and AP stage (86 SNPs, 5 stable across multiple environments) will use these for KASP markers

Eight lines with 17-18 resistance alleles of the 31 identified at the seedling stage – recommend that breeders use these for crossing

and 22 lines carry 80-86 resistant alleles out of the 113 SNPs identified and the seedling and adult plant stage

Update on cereal research at CDL - Oluseyi Fajolu, USDA-ARS-CDL

Cereal Disease Laboratory, St Paul MN – focus on rust research and Fusarium head blight

2023 cereal rust collections and race analysis from 26 states: barley SR, oat SR, wheat SR, oat CR, & wheat LR were represented

Wheat LR races (262 isolates, 49 races identified, most common races MNPSD 15.3%, TCTNB 10.8%, MCTNB 7.5%, a new race MGPBS detected at low levels and is of concern as it carries virulence on R genes (Lr16, Lr 21, Lr24, Lr39 and others)(

Wheat SR: seedling and AP testing

Southern Shield project – aim to improve resistance in the southern states to reduce inoculum load moving to the northern states

Ug99 resistance loci identification: by 2022 many identified (since 2007 from 20 to 46 loci identified

Oat crown rust (Pca) – recent isolates are more virulent (2015 vs. 1990), this has rendered the R genes ineffective (number of virulent isolates by year: 1993 = 7, 2017 = 16, 2012 = 24, & 2022 = 26), have been able to combine APR in oat lines (up to 3)

NIFA Updates (Virtual) - Emmanuel Byamukama, USDA-NIFA

Leadership and funding support for Food and Agriculture

New Director - Manjit Misra & Assoc. Director of Programs - Dionne Toombs

Division Director (Rubella Goswami), National Program Leads etc.

Strategic Goals (part of 2022-2026 strategic plan): Resilience to climate change, opportunities to underserved communities, equitable participation in NIFA programs, ensure the safe food supply, strengthen partnerships, build the agricultural workforce. (strategic plan available online)

ARFI programs with good fit to plant pathologists (2024 deadlines in parentheses); A1112: pests and beneficials in ag production systems (9/19) [$750,00 limit or $850,00 with partnerships], A1701: critical ag. res and extension (9/12), A1402: ag microbes in plant systems and natural resources (10/3), A1542: data science for food and ag systems (11/14), A1113: pollinator health (8/22), others also discussed included A1181 biosecurity, A1141 plan breeding, A1143 plant breeding, A1171 NSF plant biotic interactions, A9201.
- Crop Protection and Pest Management – Applied Research and Development Program Area (ARDP) – IMP research and extension projects – deadline was in February
- Emergency Citrus Disease Research and Extension Program – has considerable funding

Non-AFRI programs: SCRI: Specialty Crop Research Initiative. OREI: Organic Ag Research and Extension Initiative, BRAG: Biotechnology Risk Assessment Research Grants, MBT: Methyl Bromide Transition program, also Education and Workforce Development RFAs that funds postdocs and predoctoral fellowships, NIFA equipment grant program (established in 2019): key is for shared-use special purpose equipment, one max. per institution.

NIFA has a dashboard to check on the status of applications after their submission (using number of grant)

Plug to become a panelist for USDA-NIFA and to engage with NIFA (subscribe to social media and updates/news)

Finalize wheat fungicide table - Andrew Friskop, NDSU

Caramba being phased out and thus will be dropped from the Table (presumably so it is not competing with Sphaerex in the marketplace)

Gaps in knowledge – products and diseases – ask to look at the table

Wanting to finalize in the coming weeks to get up on the website.

Announcements (positions, events, etc.)/Other topics (wheat viruses, etc.) – Attendees

Boyd Padgett: Neil ?? consultant in Montana looking for an agronomist to take over his consulting firm – will post on Basecamp

Carl Bradley: What is happening at Cornell with Gary Bergstrom’s position. Might be released in AY25/25. New one will be 40% extension (from 75%).

LSU Ag Center is doing a cluster hire in precision ag (Baton Rouge LA)

OSU will have an opening for Director – replacement for Kitty Cardwell)

USDA Peoria has a position open

Business Meeting - Terry Spurlock, UADA

Minutes from last year ‘s meeting available on Basecamp site
- Motion to Approve Minutes: Motion: Damon Smith, Second: Darcy Telenko, No discussion, Vote Motion: Approved.

State Report Form: Google form available through Basecamp (can be posted there), these have probably gone to Ken Obasa (Chair). These normally are compiled and presented at this meeting.

Venue for 2025 and date: Need Erick De Wolf (Secretary) to decide. The suggestion was made to meet again in Pensacola, FL. There is an International IPM symposium in San Diego scheduled 3-6 March, 2025, so the previous week might make more sense. SSDW business meeting might also dictate the best timing. Suggesting Feb 24-27. Timing so that travel prices are not high because of spring break. Moved that we stay linked with SSDW meeting schedule. Motion: Damon Smith, Second: Heather Kelly, Motion Approved.

Darcy Telenko offered to serve as incoming Secretary. Motion: Darcy Telenko, Damon Smith, Motion Approved.

Meeting Adjourned 12:16 pm

Accomplishments

Activities: Conducted uniform research trials to test the efficacy of foliar fungicides marketed for use on wheat. Researchers participating in these trials agreed to conduct the research trials in a consistent fashion that facilitates combined in analysis in the future. This imformation is used annually to update publications that help growers identify the best product options. Example: <a title="Kansas Fungicide Efficacy Publication " href="https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/download/foliar-fungicide-efficacy-ratings-for-wheat-disease-management-2024_EP130">Kansas Fungicide Efficacy Publication </a> National level coordination of forecasting effort for Fusarium head blight of wheat and barley in 35 states. This effort includes conducted replicated research trials in key wheat and barley producing regions of the US, open sharing of data, development of forecasting models, coordination of web-based tools used to deliver the forecasting models, provision of state-level expert commentary, as well as surveys of stakeholders and user groups. <a title="Wheat FHB Forecasting Tools" href="https://www.wheatscab.psu.edu/">Wheat FHB Forecasting Tools</a> National level coordination observation network for rust diseases of wheat and barley. This effort covers wheat stripe rust, leaf rust and stem rust. This effort involves coordination of disease survey at the state level, open sharing of observations, mapping and display of results via web-based tools that are available to stakeholders and small grain producers.  <a title="Wheat Stripe Rust Monitoring Efforts" href="https://wheat.agpestmonitor.org/stripe-rust/">Wheat Stripe Rust Monitoring Efforts</a> National level coordination of wheat disease loss estimates that help to document current and emerging problems in the US. Disease loss estimates include state level disease survey for >12 different diseases, open sharing of data, curation of long-term datasets, and publishing the results for use by growers and other stakeholder groups. <a title="National Level Wheat Disease Loss Estimates, 2023" href="https://cropprotectionnetwork.org/publications/wheat-disease-loss-estimates-from-the-united-states-and-ontario-canada-2022">National Level Wheat Disease Loss Estimates, 2023</a> Corrdiantion of extension programing on small grain diseases with 85 extension presentations provided throughout the region in 2023. Outputs: National level fungicide efficacy table, 2023. This publication of the committee provides an expert synthesis of the best-available research data from throughout the US. The charts and tables developed by the NCERA-184 committee are the basis for extension programming (presentations, publications, newsletters, websites, blogs, etc.) in most states with small grains production. Web-based forecasting tools for Fusarium head blight available in 35 states. Includes expert commentary about regional disease risk and management options posted directly on the site throughout the growing season. Maps of disease observations for stripe rust, leaf rust and stem rust of wheat. These maps help document the movement of rust diseases from potential overwintering locations into key wheat producing regions of the country. This information helps growers anticipate disease risk and supports the judicious use of fungicides as part of an overall integrated disease management strategy. Short-term Outcomes: The NCERA-184 committee coordinates development and delivery of forecasting models for Fusarium head blight in the United States.  These web-based tools reach thousands of producers each growing season. User surveys indicate that more than 90% of the users reported that the information provided by the forecasting tools were of high or moderate value for their farm or operation. The users also reported that the annual value of the forecasting effort was $70 million in 2023 with many users indicating that the system helped them avoid costly fungicide applications when the risk of severe disease was low.

Publications

Journal Publications <ol> <li>Bikash Ghimire, Bochra A. Bahri, Alfredo D. Martinez-Espinoza, Mohamed Mergoum, and James W. Buck. 2023. Genetic Diversity, Mycotoxin Profiles, and Population Structure of Fusarium graminearum Causing Fusarium Head Blight in Georgia, U.S.A. 2023. Accepted October 23, 2023. Published May 2024. https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PDIS-08-23-1639-RE</li> <li>hu, Z., F. Dugan, and T.D. Murray. 2023. A multilocus phylogeny places Hymenula cerealis (syn. Cephalosporium gramineum) in the Helotiales, Leotiomycetes. Phytopathology 113:1254-1265. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-05-22-0151-R.</li> <li>McKelvy, U., Brelsford, M., Burrows, M. e. (2023). Evaluation of seed transmission rates of wheat streak mosaic virus in mechanically inoculated winter and spring wheat cultivars in Montana. Plant Disease. https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/full/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0898-SC</li> <li>Wang, F., Charif, A., Danilova, T., Zhong, S., Green, A., Frels, K., Wegulo, S., Boehm Jr., J., and Cai, X.  2023.  Marker-Assisted Introgression of the FHB Resistance Gene Fhb7The2 into Hard Red Spring Wheat.  Page 87 in: Proceedings of the 2023 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum; Cincinnati, OH. December 3-5, 2023. Retrieved from:https://scabusa.org/forum/2023/2023NFHBForumProceedings.pdf</li> <li>White, N. H., Stombaugh, T. S., and Bradley, C. A. 2023. Effect of nozzle configuration and ground sprayer speed on Fusarium head blight management in wheat. Plant Health Progress 24:9-15. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-02-22-0013-RS.</li> <li>White, N. H., Neves, D. L., Nuckles, E. M., Vaillancourt, L. J., Zhang, J., Zhang, G., and Bradley, C. A. 2023. Identification of quinone outside inhibitor fungicide-resistant isolates of Parastagonospora nodorum from Illinois and Kentucky. Plant Disease 107:38-45. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-22-0180-RE.</li> <li>Van Sanford, D. A., Clark, A. J., Bradley, C., Brown-Guedira, G. L., Cowger, C., Dong, Y., and Baik, B.-K. 2023. Registration of ‘Pembroke 2021’ soft red winter wheat. Journal of Plant Registrations, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/plr2.20271.</li> <li>Singh, G., KC, Ashmit, Sandhu, Karansher Singh, Friskop, A.J., Liu, Z., and Yan, G. 2023. Evaluation of wheat cultivars and germplasm lines for resistance to Pratylenchus neglectus populations collected in North Dakota. Plant Disease 107:3817-3824</li> <li>Lux, L., Halvorson, J., Hansen, B., Meyer, S., Shi, G., Liu, Z., and Friskop, A. 2023. Effect of copper sulfate pentahydrate and cultivar resistance on reducing bacterial leaf streak in hard red spring wheat in North Dakota. Plant Health Progress 24:424-428.</li> <li>Alaoufi, S., Friskop, A., and Simsek, S. 2023. Effect of field-applied fungicides on Claviceps purpurea sclerotia and associated toxins in wheat. Journal of Food Protection 86:3 1000046.</li> <li>Lux, L., Halvorson, J., Hansen, B., Meyer, S., Carruth, D., Fitterer, S., and Friskop, A. 2023. Effect of metconazole+prothioconazole, pydiflumetofen+propiconazole, and variety resistance on Fusarium head blight and yield in hard red spring wheat. Plant Health Progress 24:155-161.</li> <li>Liu, Z., Friskop, A., Jacobs, J.M., and Dill-Macky, R. Bacterial leaf streak: A persistent and increasingly important disease problem for cereal crops. Phytopathology 113:2020-2023,</li> <li>Friskop, A., Green, A., Ransom, J., Liu, Z, Knodel, J., Hansen, B., Halvorson, J., and Lux, L. 2023. Increase of bacterial leaf streak in hard red spring wheat in North Dakota and yield loss considerations. Phytopathology 113:21032109.</li> <li>Ramos, S. K., Galagedara, N. &dagger;, Silva, E. T., Shrestha, B. K., Aime, J., Setiyono, T. ,  Spurlock, T. N., Allen, T. W., Price, T., Padgett B., Doyle, V. P. , Thomas-Sharma, S. 2023. Developing tools for integrated management of Cercospora leaf blight on soybean across the mid-South. Phytopathology. 113: S3. 182.</li> <li>Galagedara, N., Doyle, V. P., Price, P., Robertson, C. L., Padgett, G. B., Thomas-Sharma. S. 2023. Tracking the causal agents of Cercospora Leaf Blight of soybean to better understand epidemiology and improve disease management. Phytopathology. 113: S3. 166.</li> </ol> Extension Publications <ol> <li>Keene, C, Green, A., Friskop, A., Friesen, T., Liu, Z., Zhong, S., Rickertsen, J., Eriksmoen, E., Hanson, B., Martin, G., Pradhan, G., Ostlie, M. 2023. North Dakota Hard Red Spring Wheat Variety Trial Results for 2023 and Selection Guide. North Dakota Extension Publication A574-23.</li> <li>Keene, C., Elias, E., Friskop, A., Friesen, T., Liu, Z., Zhong, S., Manthey, F., Martin, G., Rickertsen, J., Eriksmoen, E., Hanson, B., Pradhan, G., Ostlie, M. 2023. North Dakota Durum Wheat Variety Trial Results for 2023 and Selection Guide. North Dakota Extension Publication A1067-23.</li> <li>Keene, C., Baldwin, T., Horsley, R., McMullen, M., Friskop, A., Zwinger, S., Ostlie, M., Martin, G., Rickertsen, J., Eriksmoen, E., Hanson, B., and Gautam, P. 2023. North Dakota Barley, Oat and Rye Variety Trial Results for 2023 and Selection Guide. North Dakota Extension Publication A1049-23.</li> <li>Keene, C., Marais, F., Friskop, A., Liu, Z., Zhong, S., Rickertsen, J., Eriksmoen, E., Hanson, B., Martin, G., Ostlie, M., Pradhan, G. 2023. North Dakota Hard Red Winter Wheat Variety Trial Results for 2023 and Selection Guide. North Dakota Extension Publication A1196-23.</li> <li>Friskop, A. J., McKelvy, U. (2023). Wheat Streak Mosaic FAQs. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University Extension.<a href="https://www.montana.edu/extension/plantpath/resources/wheatstreakmosaicfaq.html">https://www.montana.edu/extension/plantpath/resources/wheatstreakmosaicfaq.html</a></li> <li>Kalil, A., McKelvy, U., Porter, L. D. (2023). Chickpea Disease Diagnostic Series(pp2072 ed.). North Dakota State University Extension.<a href="https://www.ndsu.edu/agriculture/extension/publications/chickpea-disease-diagnostic-series">https://www.ndsu.edu/agriculture/extension/publications/chickpea-disease-diagnostic-series</a></li> <li>McKelvy, U., Burrows, M., Gunnink Troth, E. E. (2023). Diseases of Cool Season Legumes (Pulse Crops: Dry Pea, Lentil, and Chickpea). Bozeman, Montana: Montana State University Extension.<a href="https://www.montana.edu/extension/plantpath/resources/diseasesofcoolseasonlegumes.html">https://www.montana.edu/extension/plantpath/resources/diseasesofcoolseasonlegumes.html</a></li> <li>Wegulo, S. N., Hein, G. L., McKelvy, U., Hunger, B., Rush, C. M., Burrows, M., Byamukama, E., Friskop, A. J. (2023). Mite-transmitted virus disease complex of wheat in the Great Plains of the United States. Nebraska, Lincoln: University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension Service.<a href="https://extensionpubs.unl.edu/publication/9000032772102/mite-transmitted-virus-disease-complex-of-wheat-in-the-great-plains-of-the-united-states/">https://extensionpubs.unl.edu/publication/9000032772102/mite-transmitted-virus-disease-complex-of-wheat-in-the-great-plains-of-the-united-states/</a></li> <li>Hein, G., McKelvy, U., Wegulo, S., Hunger, R., Burrows, M., Rush, C., Workneh, F., Brorsen, W., Friskop, A., and Byamukama, E.  2023.  Mite-Transmitted Virus Disease Complex of Wheat in the Great Plains of the United States.  Nebraska Extension Circular EC3063.</li> <li>Knezevic, S. Z.,…..Wegulo, S. N., …et al. 2023.  2023 Guide for Weed, Disease, and Insect Management in Nebraska. Nebraska Extension Circular EC130.</li> <li>Creech, C., Easterly, A., Maust, B., Frels, K., and Wegulo, S.  2023.  2023 Fall Seed Guide.Nebraska Extension Circular EC103.</li> <li>Friskop, A., Sisson, A., Faske, T., Meyer, R., Betts, A., Martinez Espinoza, A., Marshall, J., Camiletti, B., Telenko, D., Anderson-Onofre, K., Bradley, C., Price, P., Chilvers, M., Wiersma, J., Allen, T., Bish, M., McKelvy, U., Wegulo, S., Bergstrom, G., Cowger, C., Paul, P. Aoun, M., Tenuta, A., Collins, A., Shires, M., Kelly, H., Obasa, K., Anderson, N., Langston, D., Higgins, D., Smith, D. 2023. Wheat disease loss estimates from the United States and Ontario, Canada – 2023. CPN-3018-23. Crop Protection Network. <a href="http://www.doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20240711-0">www.doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20240711-0</a>.</li> <li>Martinez, A. 2023. Wheat Disease Control. In: Georgia Pest Management Handbook-Commercial Edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension. Special Bulletin 28. (Revised and reprinted annually).</li> <li>Martinez, A. 2023. Oats for Grain Disease Control. In: Georgia Pest Management Handbook-Commercial Edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension. Special Bulletin 28. (Revised and reprinted annually</li> <li>Martinez, A. 2023, 2022. Sorghum Disease Control. In: Georgia Pest Management Handbook-Commercial Edition. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension. Special Bulletin 28. (Revised and reprinted annually).</li> <li>Martinez, A. 2023. Cereal Rust Update Georgia. Final Bulletin 2023. <a href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/50620500/CRBs/Final%20bulletin%20for%202023.pdf">https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/50620500/CRBs/Final%20bulletin%20for%202023.pdf</a></li> <li>Martinez, A. 2023. Cereal Rust Update Georgia. May 2023. <a href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/50620500/CRBs/2023%20CRB%20May%2012.pdf">https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/50620500/CRBs/2023%20CRB%20May%2012.pdf</a></li> <li>Martinez, A. 2023. Cereal Rust Update Georgia. April 2023. <a href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/50620500/CRBs/2023%20CRB%20April%2027.pdf">https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/50620500/CRBs/2023%20CRB%20April%2027.pdf</a></li> <li>Martinez, A. FHB in Georgia 2023. In: Most of the U.S. Encounters Low Levels of Fusarium Head Blight, Impacted Crops Found in Regions Where FHB is Generally Not a Concern. Hoffstetter. A. 2023.  <a href="https://scabusa.org/pdfs/2023_FHB_DiseaseImpactUpdate.pdf">https://scabusa.org/pdfs/2023_FHB_DiseaseImpactUpdate.pdf</a>   </li> <li>Moseley, D., et al. 2023. 2023 soybean variety yields and production practices. LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA. Pub. 2269 (1/23 REV.)</li> <li>Harrison, Stephen A., Arceneaux, Kelly J., Anderson, Russell A., Biradar, Hanamareddy, Burns, Dennis, Collins, Fred L., DeWitt, Noah, Ezell, Dustin, Fluitt, Jacob, Fontenot, Kathryn, Kongchum, Manoch, Leonards, James P., Monaghan, Tashia M, Padgett, Guy B., Purvis, Myra, Stephenson, Daniel O., Waltman, William F., Williams, Gregory.  Performance of Small Grain Varieties in Louisiana, 2022-23.  LAES Research Summary 228., LAES Research Summary.</li> <li>Thomas-Sharma, Sara; Doyle, Vinson P; Galagedara, Nelomie; Price, Trey; Padgett, Boyd; Connor, Lawson; Rajan, Dhakal; and Setiyono, Tri. "Translating Spore Peaks to Soybean Profits: Can Targeted Fungicide Applications Improve Cercospora Leaf Blight Management?" Louisiana Agriculture, Vol. 66, No. 3. Summer 2023. pp. 30-31. </li> <li>Padgett, Guy B., Clark, Christopher A., Hollier, Hoy, Jeffrey W., Price, III, Paul P, Singh, Raghuwinder,  Mary Helen, Watson, Tristan, Gueltig, Bryan, Dalla Lana, Felipe. "2023 Louisiana Plant Disease Management Guide (online store item)". 2023, Publication No. 1802</li> <li>Kelly, H., et al. 2023. <a href="https://utia.tennessee.edu/publications/wp-content/uploads/sites/269/2023/10/W341.pdf">Management of Small Grain Diseases: Fungicide Efficacy for Control of Wheat Diseases 2023</a>. University of Tennessee Extension Publication.</li> </ol>

Impact Statements

The NCERA-184 committee coordinates disease monitoring and surveillance projects in the United States. The disease monitoring effort is currently focused on stripe rust, leaf rust and stem rust of wheat, which frequently reduce crop yields throughout North America. Disease observations are communicated to wheat growers via maps providing up-to-date information regarding current disease distribution and activity. These maps and expert commentary provided by the committee helps growers anticipate disease risk and supports the judicious use of fungicides as part of an overall integrated disease management strategy.
The multistate committee focused on small grain diseases coordinates development and delivery of forecasting models for Fusarium head blight in the United States. These web-based tools reach thousands of producers each growing season. User surveys indicate that more than 90% of the users reported that the information provided by the forecasting tools were of high or moderate value for their farm or operation. Many growers indicated that the system helped them avoid costly fungicide applications when the risk of severe disease was low. The users also reported that the annual value of the forecasting effort was $70 million in 2023.

Date of Annual Report: 06/16/2025

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 02/24/2025 - 02/24/2025
Period the Report Covers: 02/29/2024 - 02/28/2025

Participants

Tom Allen, Kelsey Andersen Onofre, Nolan Anderson, Alyssa Betts, Anamda Blazek, Carl Bradley, Boris Camilette, Martin Chilvers, Claire Cooke, Gabriel de Mornes Chitolinol, Erick DeWolf, Morgan Goodnight, Ben Goodrun, Jacob Green, Micalah Herendeen, Heather Kelly, Isaak Kikway, Sanicha Kisuninda, Joe LaForest, Kelsey Mehl, Danilo Neves, Boyd Padget, Trey Price, Madalyn Shires, Damon Smith, Terry Spurlock, Connie Strunk, Darcy Telenko, Albert Tenuta, Stephen Wegulo, Briana Whitaker

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

Activities: Conducted uniform research trials to test the efficacy of foliar fungicides marketed for use on wheat. Researchers participating in these trials agreed to conduct the research trials in a consistent fashion that facilitates combined in analysis in the future. This information is used annually to update publications that help growers identify the best product options.   National level coordination of forecasting effort for Fusarium head blight of wheat and barley in 35 states. This effort includes conducted replicated research trials in key wheat and barley producing regions of the US, open sharing of data, development of forecasting models, coordination of web-based tools used to deliver the forecasting models, provision of state-level expert commentary, as well as surveys of stakeholders and user groups. Wheat FHB Forecasting Tools: <a href="https://www.wheatscab.psu.edu/">https://www.wheatscab.psu.edu/</a> National level coordination observation network for rust diseases of wheat and barley. This effort covers wheat stripe rust, leaf rust and stem rust. This effort involves coordination of disease survey at the state level, open sharing of observations, mapping and display of results via web-based tools that are available to stakeholders and small grain producers. Wheat Stripe Rust Monitoring Efforts: <a href="https://wheat.agpestmonitor.org/stripe-rust/">https://wheat.agpestmonitor.org/stripe-rust/</a> National level coordination of wheat disease loss estimates that help to document current and emerging problems in the US. Disease loss estimates include state level disease survey for >12 different diseases, open sharing of data, curation of long-term datasets, and publishing the results for use by growers and other stakeholder groups. National Level Wheat Disease Loss Estimates, 2024. <a href="Http://doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20250324-0">Http://doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20250324-0</a> Coordination of extension programing on small grain diseases with 72 extension publications shared throughout the region in 2024.   Outputs: National level fungicide efficacy table, 2024. This publication of the committee provides an expert synthesis of the best-available research data from throughout the US. The charts and tables developed by the NCERA-184 committee are the basis for extension programming (presentations, publications, newsletters, websites, blogs, etc.) in most states with small grains production. <a href="http://doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20190620-031">http://doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20190620-031</a> Web-based forecasting tools for Fusarium head blight available in 35 states. Includes expert commentary about regional disease risk and management options posted directly on the site throughout the growing season. Maps of disease observations for stripe rust, leaf rust and stem rust of wheat. These maps help document the movement of rust diseases from potential overwintering locations into key wheat producing regions of the country. This information helps growers anticipate disease risk and supports the judicious use of fungicides as part of an overall integrated disease management strategy. Short-term Outcomes: The NCERA-184 committee coordinates development and delivery of forecasting models for Fusarium head blight in the United States.  These web-based tools reach thousands of producers each growing season. User surveys indicate that more than 90% of the users reported that the information provided by the forecasting tools were of high or moderate value for their farm or operation. The users also reported that the annual value of the forecasting effort was $50 million in 2024 with many users indicating that the system helped them avoid costly fungicide applications when the risk of severe disease was low.

Publications

Impact Statements

1. The NCERA-184 committee coordinates disease monitoring and surveillance projects in the United States. The disease monitoring effort is currently focused on stripe rust, leaf rust and stem rust of wheat, which frequently reduce crop yields throughout North America. Disease observations are communicated to wheat growers via maps providing up-to-date information regarding current disease distribution and activity. These maps and expert commentary provided by the committee helps growers anticipate disease risk and supports the judicious use of fungicides as part of an overall integrated disease management strategy.
2. The multistate committee focused on small grain diseases coordinates development and delivery of forecasting models for Fusarium head blight in the United States. These web-based tools reach thousands of producers each growing season. User surveys indicate that more than 90% of the users reported that the information provided by the forecasting tools were of high or moderate value for their farm or operation. Many growers indicated that the system helped them avoid costly fungicide applications when the risk of severe disease was low. The users also reported that the annual value of the forecasting effort was $50 million in 2024.

Date of Annual Report: 04/17/2026

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 03/12/2026 - 03/12/2026
Period the Report Covers: 03/01/2025 - 03/12/2026

Participants

Telenko, Darcy (dtelenko@purdue.edu) – Purdue University; Nicolli, Camila (cnicolli@purdue.edu) – Purdue University; Camiletti, Boris (bxc@illinois.edu) University Illinois UC; Bergstrom, Gary (gcb3@cornell.edu) – Cornell University (retired); Dill-Macky, Ruth (ruthdm@umn.edu) - U of Minnesota; DeWolf, Erick (dewolf1@ksu.edu) Kansas State; LaForest, Joe (laforest@uga.edu) – UGA; Anderson, Kelsey (andersonek@ksu.edu) Kansas State; Allen, Tom (tallen@drec.msstate.edu) - MS State University; Price, Trey (pprice@agcenter.lsu.edu) - LSU Ag Center; Chilvers, Martin (chilvers@msu.edu) Michigan State University; Widdicombe, Bill – MSU; Tenuta, Albert (albert.tenuta@ontario.ca) – OMAFA; Duncan, Emily – Purdue; Pena, Juan – Purdue; Pena, Edward – Purdue; Rocco da Silva, Camila – Purdue; Mizuno, Monica – Purdue; Meyers, Emilia – Purdue; Newsom, Larry – BASF; Kikway, Isaack (Kikway.1@osu.edu) – OSU; Chhetri, Kamal – Virginia Tech; Mehle, Kelsey – University of Kentucky; Goodrum, Ben – University of Kentucky; Neves, Danilo – University of Kentucky; Chiltolina, Gabriel – University of Kentucky; Fajolu, Oluseyi (Oluseyi.fajolu@usda.gov) - USDA- cereal disease lab; Webster, Wade (richard.webster@ndsu.edu) - NDSU; Strunk, Connie (connie.strunk@sdsstate.edu) – SDSU; Goodnight, Morgan – Purdue; Shires, Madalyn (Madalyn.shires@sdstate.edu) – SDSU; Parada Rojas, Camilo (cp738@cornell.edu) – Cornell; Kelly, Heather (youngkelly@uttk.edu) – University of TN; Fernandez, Mariela – Purdue; Sturdivant, Max (msturdivant@uada.edu) – UADA; Spurlock, Terry (spurloc@uark.edu) – University of Arkansas; Anderson, Nolan (nolan.anderson@ag.tamu.edu) – TAMU; Wegulo, Stephen (swegulo2@unl.edu) – UNL.

Brief Summary of Minutes

NCERA 184 Diseases of Small Grains Annual Meeting, March 12^th 2026 Pensacola Beach FL

Presiding – Darcy Telenko (President)

Meeting started 8:30 am – Introductions

8:40 am State Reports –

IL (Camiletti) – good disease levels in FHB, DON, in general, 1 report of sharp eyespot

KS (Anderson-Onofre) – 7 million acres, harvested a little less, ~50 bushel average across state, rainfall in May helped, WSMV was issue basically statewide, escaped much of the stripe rust, little powdery mildew, tan spot, leaf rust in fall 25, some fall fungicide applications on some acres

MN (Dill-Mackey) 1.1 million acres of wheat, good crop, low prices, no recorded leaf or stripe rust, little disease of note, BLS, FHB overpredicted concern because of potential spotty rainfall, little tan spot,

MI (Allen) down on wheat acres ~40-45k acres last season, less this season, more leaf rust than stripe rust last year, active leaf rust this year already,

LA (Price) little leaf rust, scab nursery ongoing, yields lower last season,

MI (Chilvers) record breaking wheat year 90 bushels – survey on wheat viruses WSMV, BYDV, screening in field and greenhouse. Snow mold in some areas, powdery mildew heavy on west side of state, powdery mildew appearing already, stinking smut in the NW peninsula lost ~90k bushels, light on FHB

ON (Tenuta) – 1.2 million acres cool wet early on, hot dry in eastern Ontario, average 80+ bushels, FHB, DON was low, resulted in good quality, typically conditions that would favor FHB, DON not resulting in as much problems as before, stripe rust in May, broader than normal for stripe rust, early infection fields and missed application 20-40% reduction in yields at certain fields

SD (Shires) – WSMV was bad in winter and spring wheat, total losses in some fields, producers leaving wheat because of issues, limited resistance in varieties, FHB was severe in some areas as well as BLS

TN (Kelly) – leaf rust late, light low year for FHB, on occasion bacterial leaf streak

NY (Camilo) – FHB, DON at moderate levels, leaf blotches rust on small grains generally low, relatively dry season,

AR (Spurlock) – 110k acres planted, down 20k acres, wet spring impacted harvest, little disease pressure, OVT trials did have leaf rust,

TX (Anderson) – (Garrish) – Past growing season experience extensive WSMV issues particularly in the panhandle. Growing season was above average. 25-26 growing season, leaf and stripe rust documented early, but at low to trace levels. Weather conditions have not been conducive for disease spread. Continue to monitor.

IN (Telenko) – fairly clean last year limited disease pressure

9:00 am Christina Hamilton – Invited speaker that talked on administrative updates and the aginnovationnc.org website and navigation of the website to pertinent information for the group. Discussed ERA committee responsibilities as well as reporting those activities.

9:40 am Ruth Dill-Mackey – Updates on bacterial leaf streak on small grains, with current and future work updates. Discussion on the bacterial leaf streak annual meeting which is to be held in Brookings, SD from March 30-April 1 2026. For more information can access blsresearch.org.

10:15 am Gary Bergstrom – Insights and highlights from a 40-year career as a plant pathologist. Overview or career highlights, past research and extension works as well as insights into what they found to help them be successful. Discussion on understanding your audience and what their needs are.

11:40 am – Kelsey Anderson-Onofre – Wheat streak mosaic complex updates from KS and TCK updates. Current and future research overview on tracking the disease across Kansas and updated recommendations statewide to improve disease management of WSMV. With TCK, discussion focused on trade restrictions and important of the disease, as well as current and future efforts to understand and manage.

12:25-1:45 Lunch Break

1:45 pm Gabriel de Morales Chitolina – Discussed results for Wheat UFT trial data analysis, the meta-analysis pipeline, yield and disease results, and net returns. Discussion centered on continued efforts and future directions. ACTION ITEM: Contact Andrew Friskop for setting up UFT trials for 2025-2026 growing season to include another season of data collection. Include data into ROI calculator on Crop Protection Network website.

2:10 pm Olyseyi Fajolu – Overview of cereal rust survey, results from 2024, virulence against resistance genes and global analysis of stem rust diversity. Provided sampling materials and information. ACTION ITEM: Submit samples to USDA and enter information to assist with survey.

2:30 pm - Marty Chilvers – updates on Fusarium spp. composition and fungicide sensitivity testing, as well as media choices and fungicide grade for testing.

2:40 pm – Kelsey Anderson-Onofre – Wheat fungicide efficacy tables updates, no updates or changes suggested this season. Potential action item: Consider targeting gaps in data in table and including copper products in next year’s UFT.

2:45 pm –General Discussion

Darcy Telenko – basecamp overview and some tips and tricks on utilizing the basecamp interface. Creating Google drive for sharing isolates, and APHIS permits. Crop Protection Network tracking and reports for P&T documents. ACTION ITEM: Creating folders for 184 in basecamp to separate meetings, agendas, NIMMS reporting

Nolan Anderson – Wheat disease loss estimates update for Crop Protection Network – nearly 90% of wheat acreage accounted for in last update and nearly 99% of wheat acreage in Canada. Finalizing past seasons report.

2:55 pm – Business meeting – Discussion on location change for 2026-2027. Potential candidates (USWBSI in December in Louisville), Bacterial Leaf Streak meeting in 2027 (location unknown likely Fargo of Minneapolis), NCAPS (Wisconsin?), contacting WERA 97 for a collaborative meeting. ACTION ITEM: Survey on location change to entire group.

Nomination for incoming chair. Madelyn Shires nominated. Tom Allen close nominations, Albert Tenuta seconded. Oral vote in favor approved. Madelyn Shires elected secretary and incoming chair

3:10 Meeting Adjourned.

Accomplishments

Short-term Outcomes: Across reporting states in 2025, disease pressure in small grains was generally average to below average, with only a few localized outbreaks. Many regions experienced favorable environmental conditions, improved varietal resistance, or effective management practices that limited widespread epidemics. Extension programs, variety screening efforts, and coordinated national research initiatives continued to support growers with timely information and improved disease management strategies. Disease Pressure Overview: Most participating states reported average disease pressure, including Wisconsin, Oklahoma, Delaware, Arkansas, Tennessee, Missouri, North Dakota, Michigan, Kentucky, New York, and Illinois. Several states—including Louisiana, Indiana, Idaho, and Mississippi—reported below-average disease pressure, often linked to favorable weather conditions or limited wheat acreage. South Dakota was the only state reporting above-average disease pressure, largely due to a significant Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMV) outbreak affecting both winter and spring wheat. Key Diseases Observed: A variety of diseases were reported across the region.  <ul> <li>Fusarium head blight (FHB) remained a primary concern in many states including Delaware, North Dakota, New York, and Illinois, though most reported moderate or manageable levels.</li> <li>Leaf rust and other foliar diseases such as Septoria and glume blotch were common but generally manageable, with notable outbreaks in Arkansas and Kentucky on susceptible varieties.</li> <li>Wheat streak mosaic virus was significant in South Dakota and Missouri.</li> <li>Cephalosporium stripe caused an unusual outbreak in Wisconsin winter wheat.</li> <li>Other notable issues included powdery mildew in Michigan, strawbreaker eyespot in Idaho, and dryland root rots in Oklahoma.</li> </ul> FHB Risk Model Performance: The FHB risk prediction models generally aligned well with observed disease levels across many states, including Wisconsin, Michigan, and New York. Some states reported slight discrepancies, with models either overestimating or underestimating risk depending on local weather patterns and management practices. Research and Extension Activities: Programs across the region reported significant research and outreach accomplishments. Activities included: <ul> <li>Variety screening and disease resistance evaluation, including large-scale screening for scab resistance in southern breeding programs.</li> <li>Fungicide efficacy trials and integrated disease management studies conducted across multiple states.</li> <li>Cultivar development, including the release of the hard red winter wheat cultivar Orange Blossom CL Plus in Oklahoma.</li> <li>Development of new tools such as disease risk indices for wheat varieties in North Dakota.</li> <li>Publication of 21 peer-reviewed manuscripts which collectively advance integrated wheat and barley production systems by combining genetic resistance (e.g., GWAS, marker development, and cultivar release), fungicide and biopesticide efficacy, and management strategies for key diseases such as Fusarium head blight, rusts, and bacterial leaf streak. They also emphasize data-driven agronomic optimization, including nutrient management, variety selection, and microbiome interactions, alongside regional disease impact assessments to improve yield stability, grain quality, and economic returns</li> <li>Research was presented at various meetings that included Plant and Animal Genome Conference in San Diego, CA; Plant Health 2025 (APS) in Honolulu, HI; the National Fusarium Head Blight Forum in Denver, CO; and CANVAS 2025 in Salt Lake City, UT that resulted in publication of 33 abstracts and proceedings with a focus on integrated, data-driven disease management, combining: host resistance, fungicide optimization, pathogen surveillance, advanced genomic and analytical tools. This coordinated work supports improved yield stability, grain quality, and risk management in wheat production systems. These meetings span national conferences on small grains, regional workshops, and institutional symposia. Providing a strong presence in major plant pathology and crop science venues and a geographic distribution covering West, Midwest, and national/international (Hawaii, virtual).</li> <li>xtension outreach remained a cornerstone of program impact. Extension programs in 2025 delivered timely, research-based disease management guidance through coordinated surveillance, forecasting tools, and outreach efforts, helping growers effectively manage generally low to moderate disease pressure across regions. These efforts reached thousands of stakeholders through field days, workshops, and decision-support resources, improving disease identification, fungicide timing, and adoption of integrated management strategies. Researchers delivered numerous field days, workshops, grower meetings, and disease updates, collectively reaching thousands of growers, consultants, and extension educators. Educational programming addressed disease identification, fungicide timing, and integrated management strategies.</li> <li>40 Extension publications in 2025 provided research-based guidance on integrated disease management in small grains, emphasizing fungicide efficacy, host resistance, and disease forecasting tools to support informed decision-making. These resources translated multi-state research findings into practical recommendations that improved disease control, yield stability, and grain quality for growers.</li> </ul> Milestones: <ol> <li>Regional Disease Monitoring and Risk Assessment: Coordinated multi-state surveillance in 2025 documented predominantly average to below-average disease pressure, with effective integration of FHB risk models that generally aligned with observed disease levels and supported timely management decisions.</li> <li>Advancement of Integrated Disease Management Strategies: Multi-state fungicide trials, variety screening, and integrated management studies improved understanding of disease control for FHB, rusts, and emerging pathogens, enhancing evidence-based recommendations for growers.</li> <li>Genetic Improvement and Decision Support Tools: Research efforts led to cultivar development, resistance screening, and the creation of new decision tools (e.g., disease risk indices), strengthening host resistance and precision management approaches across production systems.</li> <li>Broad Research Dissemination and Extension Impact: Findings were disseminated through 21 peer-reviewed publications, 33 abstracts, and extensive Extension programming, delivering data-driven disease management guidance to stakeholders and supporting improved yield stability, grain quality, and economic outcomes.</li> </ol>

Publications

Journal articles (21) <ol> <li>Adams, C. B., Rogers, C. W., Marshall, J. M., Walsh, O. S., Thurgood, G., Dari, B., and Loomis, G. 2025. Wheat mineral nutrient uptake, harvest indices, and grain density from a regional perspective. Agron. J. 117:370066. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.70066</li> <li>Aoun, M., Noller, J. R., Bai, G., Silva, A. D. O., Brower, K., Hunger, R. M., and Carver, B. F. 2025. Development of hard red winter wheat ‘Scab Stryker’ for adoption in areas of Oklahoma prone to Fusarium head blight. J. Plant Regist. 19:e70016.</li> <li>Bock, J. E., Adegbite, I., Hoelscher, A. D., Brower, K., Bai, G., Chen, Y. R., Wright, J. B., Bayles, M. B., Tilley, M., Aoun, M., and de Oliveira Silva, A. 2025. Novel dough strength of ‘Paradox’, ‘Breadbox’, and ‘Firebox’ hard red winter wheat provides value as ingredient flour. J. Plant Regist. 19:e70027.</li> <li>Bugingo, C., Ali, S., Yabwalo, D., Shires, M., and Byamukama, E. 2026. Microbial biopesticides’ efficacy in the management of tan spot in wheat. Plant Dis. 110:24-27.</li> <li>Debbink, K., Rocco da Silva, C., Silva, E. M., Mueller, B. D., Telenko, D. E. P., and Smith, D. L. 2025. Integrated management of Fusarium head blight of wheat including organically allowed fungicides in the Midwest United States. Plant Health Prog. 26:524-532. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-02-25-0051-RS</li> <li>Dusek, G., Halvorson, J., Hansen, B., Lux, L., Yabwalo, D., Byamukama, E. Z., Shires, M. K., and Friskop, A. 2025. Efficacy of plant-protection products for bacterial leaf streak management on hard red spring wheat. Plant Health Prog. 26:609-614.</li> <li>Friskop, A. J., Sisson, A. J., Allen, T. W., Andersen-Onofre, K. F., Aoun, M., Bergstrom, G. C., Bissonnette, K. M., Bowen, K. L., Bradley, C. A., Burrows, M. E., Byamukama, E., Chilvers, M. I., Collins, A. A., Cowger, C., De Wolf, E. D., Dill-Macky, R., Esker, P. D., Faske, T. R., Hunger, R. M., Kelly, H. M., Kleczewski, N. M., Koehler, A. M., Langston, D. B., Marshall, J. M., Martinez-Espinoza, A. D., McKelvey, U., Mehl, H. L., Meyer, R. F., Obasa, K., Padgett, G. B., Paul, P. A., Price, P. P., Smith, D. L., Telenko, D. E. P., Tenuta, A. U., Wegulo, S. N., and Wiersma, J. J. 2025. Estimated yield reductions and economic losses on wheat caused by disease from 2018 through 2021. Plant Health Prog. 26:325-337. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-09-24-0087-RS</li> <li>Korne, M., Jacobs, J., Gabrysiak, S., Chilvers, M. I., and Bonito, G. 2025. Michigan winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots host communities of Mortierellaceae and endohyphal bacteria. Fungal Ecol. 73:101398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2024.101398</li> <li>Lakkakula, I. P., Kolmer, J. A., Sharma, R., St. Amand, P., Bernardo, A., Bai, G., Ibrahim, A., Bowden, R. L., Carver, B. F., and Aoun, M. 2025. Identification of leaf rust resistance loci in hard winter wheat using genome-wide association mapping. Plant Genome 18:e20546.</li> <li>Lunde, C., Seong, K., Kumar, R., Deatker, A., Chhabra, B., Wang, M., Kaur, S., Song, S., Palayur, A., Davies, C., Gill, U., Rawat, N., Chen, X., Aoun, M., Mundt, C., Dubcovsky, J., and Krasileva, K. V. 2025. Durum wheat mutants with enhanced disease resistance to stripe rust show differential responses to other fungal diseases. Mol. Breed. 45:56.</li> <li>Myers, E. R., Shim, S., and Telenko, D. E. P. 2025. Evaluation of fungicides and cultivars for Fusarium head blight of wheat in West Lafayette, IN, 2024. Plant Health Prog. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-02-25-0049-PDMR</li> <li>Ortmeier-Clarke, H. J., Mourtzinis, S., Smith, D. L., Chilvers, M. I., Telenko, D. E. P., and Conley, S. P. 2025. Variety choice influences soft red winter wheat yield more than seed treatment. Crop Forage Turfgrass Manag. 11:e70037. https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.70037</li> <li>Rogers, C. W., Adams, C. B., Marshall, J. M., Thurgood, G., Dari, B., and Loomis, G. 2025. Barley grain and total biomass mineral nutrient concentrations, uptake, and partitioning. J. Plant Nutr. 48:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2025.2522248</li> <li>Rogers, C. W., Pramanik, C., Hu, G., Marshall, J. M., Tarkalson, D. D., Hatzenbuehler, P., and Evans, C. 2025. Irrigated malt barley nitrogen management: Insights from historical and modern cultivars. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 89:e70124. https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.70124</li> <li>Rogers, C. W., Spackman, J. A., Tarkalson, D. D., Hu, G., Marshall, J. M., Adeyemi, O. E., and Evans, C. 2025. Irrigated spring hull-less food barley response to nitrogen fertilization. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 89:e70029. https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.70029</li> <li>Sharma, R., Wang, M., Chen, X., Lakkakula, I. P., St. Amand, P., Bernardo, A., Bai, G., Bowden, R. L., Carver, B. F., Boehm, J. D., and Aoun, M. 2025. Genome-wide association mapping for the identification of stripe rust resistance loci in U.S. hard winter wheat. Theor. Appl. Genet. 138:67.</li> <li>Sharma, R., Wang, M., Chen, X., Carver, B. F., Guttieri, M., St. Amand, P., Bernardo, A., Bai, G., Ara, A. M., and Aoun, M. 2025. Identification of stripe rust adult plant resistance genes in the hard winter wheat cultivar Baker’s Ann. Plant Genome e70198.</li> <li>Shim, S., and Telenko, D. E. P. 2025. Evaluation of cultivars and foliar fungicides for Fusarium head blight management of wheat in Vincennes, IN, 2024. Plant Health Prog. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-02-25-0062-PDMR">https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-02-25-0062-PDMR</a></li> <li>Xu, X., Li, G., Wolabu, T. W., Wang, M., Bai, G., Chen, X., Bernardo, A., Bian, R., Carver, B. F., Wu, Y., and Aoun, M. 2025. Characterization of a new stripe rust resistance gene on chromosome arm 2AL in winter wheat cultivar Samara. Phytopathology. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-08-25-0274-R</li> <li>Yimer, B. A., Arcibal Baldwin, S., Abdullah, S., Dong, Y., and Marshall, J. M. 2025. Field evaluation of spring wheat varieties and breeding lines to Fusarium head blight infection and mycotoxin accumulation in southeast Idaho. Plant Health Prog. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-06-25-0161-RS</li> <li>Yimer, B. A., Patterson, R. E., and Marshall, J. M. 2025. Development and validation of a quantitative PCR assay method to assess relative resistance of winter wheat to dwarf bunt at early growth stages. Crop Sci. 65:e21422. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21422">https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21422</a></li> </ol> Proceedings and abstracts (33) <ol> <li>Adepoju, P., and Aoun, M. 2025. Identification of leaf rust resistance loci in hard winter wheat. In: Proc. 21st Annu. Symp. Biol. Sci., Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK. Poster.</li> <li>Adepoju, P., Lakkakula, I. P., Carver, B. F., Sharma, R., St. Amand, P., Bernardo, A., Bai, G., Ara, A. M., and Aoun, M. 2025. Identification of leaf rust resistance loci in hard winter wheat using genome-wide association mapping. In: Proc. CANVAS 2025, Salt Lake City, UT. Oral presentation.</li> <li>Adepoju, P., Lakkakula, I. P., Carver, B. F., Sharma, R., St. Amand, P., Bernardo, A., Bai, G., Ara, A. M., and Aoun, M. 2025. KASP marker identification for leaf rust resistance in hard winter wheat. In: Proc. CANVAS 2025, Salt Lake City, UT. Poster.</li> <li>Ameen, G., Ahmad, M., Alhusays, A., Solanki, S., Glover, K. D., Gonzalez-Hernandez, J., Boehm, J. D., Sehgal, S., Bai, G., and Aoun, M. 2025. Decoding emerging bacterial leaf streak disease in wheat: Unravelling host resistance for sustainable management. In: Proc. Plant and Animal Genome Conf., San Diego, CA. Oral presentation.</li> <li>Ameen, G., Ahmad, M., Pawar, T., Solanki, S., Glover, K., Hernandez, J. L. G., Boehm, J. D., Bai, G., and Aoun, M. 2025. Against the bacterial streak: The fight to save wheat. In: Proc. Plant Health 2025, Honolulu, HI. Poster.</li> <li>Anderson, N., Sisson, A., Turkington, K., Bowen, K., Faske, T., Meyer, R., Betts, A., Martinez Espinoza, A., Marshall, J., Camiletti, B., Telenko, D., Anderson-Onofre, K., Bradley, C., Price, P., Chilvers, M., Wiersma, J., Allen, T., Bish, M., McKelvy, U., Wegulo, S., Bergstrom, G., Cowger, C., Friskop, A., Paul, P., Aoun, M., Tenuta, A., Collins, A., Shires, M., Kelly, H., Obasa, K., Langston, D., Higgins, D., and Smith, D. 2025. Wheat disease loss estimates from the United States and Canada—2024. Crop Prot. Netw. CPN-3018-24. https://doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20250324-0</li> <li>Ara, A. M., Carver, B. F., Friesen, T. L., Holmes, D., St. Amand, P., Bernardo, A., Bai, G., and Aoun, M. 2025. Identification of Septoria nodorum blotch sensitivity genes in hard winter wheat. In: Proc. Plant Health 2025, Honolulu, HI. Oral presentation.</li> <li>Ara, A. M., Carver, B. F., and Aoun, M. 2025. Genome-wide association mapping identified Septoria nodorum blotch susceptibility genes in hard winter wheat. In: Proc. Food and Agricultural Products Center Research Symposium, Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK. Poster.</li> <li>Ara, A. M., and Aoun, M. 2025. Genome-wide association studies identified genomic regions associated with Septoria nodorum blotch susceptibility in hard winter wheat. In: Proc. 21st Annu. Symp. Biol. Sci., Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK. Oral presentation.</li> <li>Aoun, M. 2025. Stripe rust resistance in hard winter wheat. In: Proc. North American Cereal Rust Workshop, Fargo, ND. Oral presentation.</li> <li>Aoun, M. 2025. Stripe rust resistance in hard winter wheat. Wheat Initiative Webinar, Control of Wheat Pathogens Expert Working Group. Invited talk.</li> <li>Aoun, M., Adepoju, P., Lakkakula, I. P., Carver, B. F., Sharma, R., St. Amand, P., Bernardo, A., Bai, G., and Ara, A. M. 2025. Identification of leaf rust resistance loci in hard winter wheat using genome-wide association mapping. In: Proc. Plant Health 2025, Honolulu, HI. Poster.</li> <li>Aoun, M., Mobin, M. A., Sharma, R., Carver, B. F., Campbell, K. G., Guttieri, M., St. Amand, P., Bernardo, A., Bai, G., Lakkakula, I. P., and Ara, A. M. 2025. Association mapping to identify adult plant resistance loci to stripe rust in hard winter wheat. In: Proc. Plant Health 2025, Honolulu, HI. Poster.</li> <li>Aoun, M., Sharma, R., Wang, M., Chen, X., Lakkakula, I. P., St. Amand, P., Bernardo, A., Bai, G., Bowden, R., Carver, B. F., and Boehm, J. D. 2025. Genome-wide association mapping and KASP marker development for stripe rust resistance loci in Great Plains hard winter wheat. In: Proc. Plant and Animal Genome Conf., San Diego, CA. Invited oral presentation.</li> <li>Aoun, M., Sharma, R., Wang, M., Chen, X., Lakkakula, I. P., St. Amand, P., Bernardo, A., Bai, G., Bowden, R., Carver, B. F., and Boehm, J. D. 2025. Genome-wide association mapping and KASP marker development for stripe rust resistance loci in Great Plains hard winter wheat. In: Proc. Plant and Animal Genome Conf., San Diego, CA. Poster.</li> <li>Baker, G., Choi, S., Chilvers, M. I., Betts, A., Cooper, J., Chowdhury, R., Whitaker, B., Telenko, D., Dill-Macky, R., Friskop, A., Wegulo, S., Shires, M., Rawat, N., Duffeck, M., Collins, A., Bergstrom, G., Bish, M., and Padgett, B. 2025. Fusarium head blight: Species concepts in the Midwest and East Coast. In: Proc. Natl. Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Denver, CO. Poster.</li> <li>Choi, S., Baker, G. A., Betts, A., Cooper, J., Chowdhury, R., Whitaker, B., Telenko, D., Dill-Macky, R., Friskop, A., Wegulo, S., Shires, M., and Chilvers, M. I. 2025. Image analysis-based, high-throughput screening for fungicide sensitivity to pydiflumetofen and tebuconazole in U.S. Fusarium head blight populations. In: Proc. Natl. Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Denver, CO. Poster.</li> <li>Dusek, G., Scherer, J., Hansen, B., Lux, L., Yabwalo, D., Byamukama, E. Z., Shires, M. K., and Friskop, A. 2025. Fusarium head blight timing in South Dakota wheat fields. In: Proc. Scab Forum 2025.</li> <li>Hansen, B., Scherer, J., Chapara, V., Jennings, L., Arens, A., Bortolon, L., Ncube, E., Tjelde, T., and Friskop, A. 2025. Summary of North Dakota uniform fungicide efforts from 2022 to 2025. In: Proc. Natl. Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Denver, CO.</li> <li>Kikway, I., Collins, A., Betts, A., Friskop, A., Bradley, C., Cowger, C., Smith, D., Telenko, D., Higgins, D., Padgett, B., Darby, H., Kelly, H., Marshall, J. M., Andersen Onofre, K., Shires, M., Bish, M., Chilvers, M., Rawat, N., Esker, P., Mideros, S., Wegulo, S., and Paul, P. A. 2025. Fusarium head blight management coordinated project: Integrated management trials 2025. In: Proc. Natl. Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Denver, CO.</li> <li>Kikway, I., Collins, A., Betts, A., Friskop, A., Bradley, C., Cowger, C., Smith, D., Telenko, D., Higgins, D., Padgett, B., Darby, H., Kelly, H., Marshall, J. M., Andersen Onofre, K., Shires, M., Bish, M., Chilvers, M., Rawat, N., Esker, P., Mideros, S., Wegulo, S., and Paul, P. A. 2025. Fusarium head blight management coordinated project: Uniform fungicide trials 2025. In: Proc. Natl. Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Denver, CO.</li> <li>Mobin, M. A., and Aoun, M. 2025. Genome-wide association studies to identify stripe rust resistance loci in hard winter wheat. In: Proc. 21st Annu. Symp. Biol. Sci., Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK. Poster.</li> <li>Mobin, M. A., Sharma, R., Carver, B. F., Campbell, K. G., Guttieri, M., St. Amand, P., Bernardo, A., Bai, G., Lakkakula, I. P., Ara, A. M., and Aoun, M. 2025. Association mapping to identify adult-plant stripe rust resistance loci in hard winter wheat. In: Proc. CANVAS 2025, Salt Lake City, UT. Oral presentation.</li> <li>Mobin, M. A., Sharma,R., Carver, B. F., Campbell, K. G., Guttieri, M., St. Amand, P., Bernardo, A., Bai, G., Lakkakula, I. P., Ara, A. M., and Aoun, M. 2025. Identification of adult-plant stripe rust resistance loci in hard winter wheat using association mapping. In: Proc. CANVAS 2025, Salt Lake City, UT. Poster.</li> <li>Olson, B., Ara, A. M., Carver, B. F., and Aoun, M. 2025. Evaluating marker-assisted selection for tan spot resistance in hard winter wheat. In: Proc. Plant Health 2025, Honolulu, HI. Poster.</li> <li>Pena, M., Marek, S., Aoun, M., and Espindola, A. 2025. Pangenome analysis of Fusarium pseudograminearum causing Fusarium crown rot of wheat. In: Proc. Plant Health 2025, Honolulu, HI. Poster.</li> <li>Perez, A., Gehrke, L. E., Gravert, E., Spurlock, T. N., Rutkoski, J., and Camiletti, B. X. 2025. Efficacy of drone-based fungicide applications for control of Fusarium head blight in Illinois wheat. In: Proc. FHB Forum 2025. In press.</li> <li>Poiras, N., Ensafi, P., and Marshall, J. M. 2025. In vitro hatching dynamics and viability of Heterodera avenae: Insights from a controlled growth chamber experiment. In: Proc. APS Pacific Division and Soilborne Disease Conference, Davis, CA. Poster.</li> <li>Scherer, J., Hansen, B., Fitterer, S., Carruth, D., and Friskop, A. 2025. Evaluation of fungicide timing and efficacy for the management of oat crown rust in North Dakota. In: Proc. Plant Health 2025, Honolulu, HI.</li> <li>Sharma, R., Wang, M., Chen, X., Carver, B. F., Guttieri, M., St. Amand, P., Bernardo, A., Bai, G., Ara, A. M., and Aoun, M. 2025. Mapping of stripe rust adult plant resistance genes in the hard winter wheat cultivar Baker’s Ann. In: Proc. Plant Health 2025, Honolulu, HI. Poster.</li> <li>Telenko, D. E. P. 2025. Research needs in organic grain production. In: Proc. Natl. Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Denver, CO. Oral presentation.</li> <li>Yan, H., Friskop, A., Green, A., and Gill, U. 2025. Occurrence of stripe rust in North Dakota, race characterization. [Incomplete citation provided in source.]</li> <li>Yu, S., Shi, Z., Aoun, M., Fang, T., Wu, Y., Xiang, M., and Fontanier, C. H. 2025. Developing KASP markers and integrating genomic prediction for winter hardiness in African bermudagrass. In: Proc. CANVAS 2025, Salt Lake City, UT. Poster.</li> </ol> Extension and outreach publications (40) <ol> <li>Aoun, M. 2025. EPP 25-7. Pest alert—Wheat disease update. Oklahoma State University Extension.</li> <li>Aoun, M. 2025. EPP 25-10. Pest alert—Wheat disease update. Oklahoma State University Extension.</li> <li>Aoun, M. 2025. EPP 25-13. Pest alert—Wheat disease update. Oklahoma State University Extension.</li> <li>Aoun, M. 2025. EPP 25-14. Pest alert—Wheat disease update. Oklahoma State University Extension.</li> <li>Aoun, M. 2025. EPP 25-20. Pest alert—Wheat disease update. Oklahoma State University Extension.</li> <li>Aoun, M. 2025. EPP 25-43. Pest alert—Disease management considerations to make before planting wheat this fall. Oklahoma State University Extension.</li> <li>Betts, A. K. 2025. Pre-season wheat disease management. Delaware Weekly Crop Update. 26 Sept.</li> <li>Betts, A. K. 2025. Scouting fields for Fusarium head blight. Delaware Weekly Crop Update. 15 May.</li> <li>Betts, A. K. 2025. Small grain disease updates. Delaware Weekly Crop Update. 10 Apr.</li> <li>Betts, A. K. 2025. Small grain disease updates. Delaware Weekly Crop Update. 18 Apr.</li> <li>Betts, A. K. 2025. Small grain FHB updates. Delaware Weekly Crop Update. 25 Apr.</li> <li>Betts, A. K. 2025. Small grain FHB and stripe rust updates. Delaware Weekly Crop Update. 2 May.</li> <li>Betts, A. K. 2025. Small grain FHB and stripe rust updates. Delaware Weekly Crop Update. 9 May.</li> <li>Betts, A. K. 2025. Small grain resources and Fusarium head blight management. Delaware Weekly Crop Update. 4 Apr.</li> <li>Bradley, C. 2025. Management of Fusarium head blight in wheat. Kentucky Pest News. 29 Apr.</li> <li>Crop Protection Network. 2024. Estimates of crop yield losses due to diseases and invertebrate pests: An online tool. Crop Prot. Netw. <a href="https://doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20191121-0">https://doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20191121-0</a>.</li> <li>Crop Protection Network. 2025. Fungicide Efficacy Tool. Crop Prot. Netw. <a href="https://doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20250110-1">https://doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20250110-1</a>.</li> <li>Friskop, A., Markell, S., Webster, W., and Branch, E. 2025. North Dakota field crop plant disease management guide for 2026. North Dakota Ext. Publ. PP-622.</li> <li>Jones, E., Varenhorst, A., Alms, J., Vos, D., Shires, M., and Rozeboom, P. 2025. Volunteer wheat and kochia management with herbicides will likely require two passes. SDSU Ext.</li> <li>Kelley, J., Carlin, J., Bond, R., Swanson, T., Shakiba, E., and Spurlock, T. 2025. Arkansas wheat update 2025-2026. Univ. Arkansas Coop. Ext.</li> <li>Kotaska, C., Shires, M., and Strunk, C. 2025. How to use the South Dakota Mesonet small grains tool. SDSU Ext.</li> <li>Layton Ehmke. 2025. Wheat varieties for Kansas and the Great Plains 2026. Kansas State University Extension.</li> <li>Marshall, J. M., Abdullah, S., Shelman, T., Jones, L., Hatch, J., and Windes, S. M. 2025. 2024 small grains report, Southcentral and Southeast Idaho Cereals Research and Extension Program. Univ. Idaho Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. CIS BUL 212.</li> <li>Marshall, J., and Ensafi, P. 2025. Survey and identification of plant parasitic nematodes in cereal fields of southeastern Idaho. Idaho Grain Producers Association Magazine.</li> <li>Padgett, B. P., Harrison, S., DeWitt, N., and Price, T. 2025. Wheat variety performance and production practices in Louisiana. Louisiana Crops Newsletter.</li> <li>Silva, A., Lynch, T., Cyrineu, I. M., Olaniyi, S. A., Carver, B., and Aoun, M. 2025. 2024-2025 Oklahoma small grains variety performance tests. Oklahoma State University Current Report 2143.</li> <li>Smith, D. L. 2025. 2025 Wisconsin early season disease update and management recommendations. Badger Crop Network News and Updates.</li> <li>Smith, D. L., and Chilvers, M. 2025. Why all the fuss with the plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum? Badger Crop Network News and Updates.</li> <li>Smith, D. L., and Conley, S. P. 2025. Wisconsin winter wheat disease update—May 20, 2025. Badger Crop Network News and Updates.</li> <li>Smith, D. L., and Conley, S. P. 2025. Wisconsin winter wheat disease update and watching for stripe rust and Fusarium head blight—May 19, 2025. Badger Crop Network News and Updates.</li> <li>Smith, D. L., and Mueller, B. 2025. 2024 Wisconsin fungicide test and disease management summary now available. Badger Crop Network News and Updates.</li> <li>Spurlock, T. N., and Faske, T. R., eds. 2025. Arkansas Plant Disease Control Products Guide MP154. Univ. Arkansas Coop. Ext.</li> <li>Telenko, D. 2025. Field crop disease monitoring resources for Indiana in 2025. Pest&Crop 2025(4).</li> <li>Telenko, D. 2025. Foliar diseases of wheat and Fusarium head blight (scab) management. Pest&Crop 2025(10).</li> <li>Telenko, D. 2025. Scouting for Fusarium head blight (scab) of wheat and things to consider when harvesting. Pest&Crop 2025(13).</li> <li>Telenko, D. 2025. Three new tools available to help make informed disease management decisions this season. Pest&Crop 2025(10).</li> <li>Telenko, D. 2025. Why all the fuss with the plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum? Pest&Crop 2025(14).</li> <li>Varenhorst, A., Rozeboom, P., Wagner, P., McManus, B., and Shires, M. 2025. Aster leafhoppers showing up in South Dakota wheat. SDSU Ext.</li> <li>Hagemann, A., Shires, M., Strunk, C., and Yabwalo, D. 2025. Keep watch: Wheat streak mosaic virus is developing in South Dakota fields. SDSU Ext.</li> <li>Hagemann, A., Shires, M., Strunk, C., and Varenhorst, A. 2025. Wheat streak mosaic virus complex: Breaking the green bridge. SDSU Ext.</li> </ol>

Impact Statements

The collective efforts of research and extension programs contributed to improved disease management and grower decision-making. Improved variety resistance, disease monitoring, and management recommendations helped maintain strong yields in several regions, including a record average winter wheat yield of 80 bu/acre in Missouri. Research on pathogen populations and fungicide sensitivity also supported continued monitoring for resistance and informed best management practices. Overall, the 2025 season demonstrated the value of coordinated disease surveillance, predictive modeling, and applied research in protecting small grain production and supporting resilient agricultural systems across the United States.