NC170: Personal Protective Technologies for Current and Emerging Occupational and Environmental Hazards

(Multistate Research Project)

Status: Active

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SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[10/21/2022] [09/12/2023]

Date of Annual Report: 10/21/2022

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 10/20/2022 - 10/22/2022
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2021 - 09/30/2022

Participants

Gang Sun
Charles Freeman
Chunhui Xiang
Shu Hwa Lin
Yingying Wu
Elizabeth Bye
Sumat Mandal
Anugrah Shaw
Guowen Song
Dawn Michaelson
Hang Liu

Participants Attachment:

NC170 Annual Report 2022.pdf

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

NC170 Annual Report 2022.pdf

Accomplishments

Objective 1 With collaborators, CO developed a manuscript from data were collected from manufacturer-provided web communications regarding sizing and fit, user surveys (n = 74), and 1:1 interviews (n = 31) with U.S. female firefighters. This manuscript specifically addresses sizing and fitting process challenges experienced by female firefighter’s.  COLLABORATORS: MO, CO, MN, IA, KS, OR, GA (Brenau)             OK Partially developed TASL at OSU to evaluate the protective and comfort performance of fabrics.             NY - The study on firefighters’ feet by sex and weight-bearing identified dynamic change in foot morphology that impacts comfort, fit and mobility. This data can be used to improve sizing system of fireboots for female and male firefighters.             Decontamination studies on materials used in cloth face masks quantified the impact of laundering, dishwasher cycles or microwave steam on the filtration efficiency and breathability of a range of woven, nonwoven and knit fabrics.  Tightly woven cotton fabrics had unacceptably low breathability as measured by air permeability.  Knit and nonwoven fabrics had the best balance of breathability and particle capture and could be suitable as layers in multilayer face masks.  None of the materials tested were effective at capturing virus sized particles (0.3 μm) as a single layer filter. (Objective 1).   Objective 2 CO is currently processing body scans of female firefighters to extract body measurements. Collaborators developed the protocol for placing landmarks in the digital scan for the lower body. CO worked with KS to develop a parallel protocol for land marking the upper body. These data are landmarked and nearly ready to send off to collaborators at KS and FSU to extract measurements, develop the measurement sheet, and analyze the data.             NY - The study on facemasks developed and assessed new designs, material structure, size/fit assessment guidelines, and new realistic methods of evaluating filtration and comfort. The study on coveralls evaluated the fit of digital coveralls in static and animated poses created by 3D body scans of 35 men and women (Objectives 2 and 3).   Objective 3 WA - Met with Anugrah Shaw to discuss Washington State University’s involvement in the project. Polled contacts across the U.S. and found a program that provided information regarding categorizing hand-held applications for a global operator exposure database.             MA - Develop/revise and implement research-based performance guidelines and standards for items and systems of personal protective equipment and protective clothing. Participated in Project Group for revision of the spray test used in ISO 27065. Principal Investigator, as the Convenor of ISO/TC94/SC13/WG3 on chemical protective clothing is actively involved in the revision of other PPE standards.   Objective 4 WA has developed cotton and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based conductive fibers with intrinsically conductive polymers and fabricated both strain and chemical sensors. The sensing effects have been evaluated and the results showed promising applications for smart wearables.             MN developed a systematic process for improving the body-product relationship of mask fit.  MN developed new facial anthropometry for predicting mask fit and the new measurements achieve 100% mask fit prediction accuracy for healthcare workers.   Over the last five years, MN and UO hand research has demonstrated a true need for detailed analysis of static and dynamic hand measurements. MN and UO team created a first of its kind large-scale 3D hand anthropometric database with over 800 hand scans. Exploring the application of new 3D hand data has been a top priority of the lab. We explored new technologies such as 3D simulation and digital prototyping which offer endless design opportunities for gloves and hand tools. The MN and UO anthropometric data and design research will inform functional glove and tool design for a range of fields and consumers.             KS - The work done by KS group has been centered on objective 1 & 2. The KS group investigated factors that impact the selection, use, care and maintenance of firefighting turnout coats and pants. Three-dimensional body scans of female firefighters were analyzed to understand female fighters’ body shape and size. Female firefighters’ concerns and needs of PPEs were also studies using surveys and interviews. A market analysis was also performed to understand the gap between user’s expectations/needs and what are available in the market. Besides, new designs of turnout coats and pants were developed based on the KS group’s research, and found to be of great potential for benefitting fire women.             NY - The study on wearable respiration and gait-monitoring systems can be further developed and commercialized for remote/real-time monitoring of health conditions for first responders, and vulnerable population including children and elderly citizens. (Objective 4) The study on convertible design of survival jackets made of post-use tent offers thermal protection for homeless with minimal alteration of post-use tent. (Objective 4) OR - The University of Oregon has been actively collaborating with other NC-170 universities (Minnesota, Cornell, Florida State, Iowa State, Kansas State and Colorado State) to analyze qualitative and quantitative data and develop peer review papers to disseminate research related to female firefighter PPE (boots, gloves, coats, and pants). University of Oregon has specifically researched footwear traction characteristics for aging users indoors and outdoors, evaluated if human perception through touch can correlate with effusivity, and developed methods to landmark, measure and analyze 3D body scans with machine learning.       HI continued the work ECG on personal use and wearable sensors for monitoring health care.             FL - The study on female firefighter anthropometrics met objective one to investigate factors that impact the selection and use of protective clothing for an underserved workplace population (female firefighters). All other projects met objective two to assess and improve the performance of PPE and protective clothing for first responders, racing athletes, and vulnerable populations.

Publications

Cao, Q., Kim, S.C., Ou, Q., Chung, H.Y., Chen, W., Durfee, W., Arnold, S., Hillmyer, M., Griffin, L., & Pui, D., (2022) A Study on Common Respirator and Face Mask Materials Regarding Filtration Performance and Fiber Shedding Behaviors. Journal of Separation and Purification Technology. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4132447. [5337] Cloet, A. G, *Griffin, L., Yu, M. G, & Durfee, W. (2022) Design considerations for protective mask development: A remote mask usability evaluation. Applied Ergonomics. 102, 103751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103751 [9470] Cloet, A. G, Yu, M. G, & *Griffin, L. (2022). Activity and Usability Evaluation of Alternative Protective Face Mask Designs. Accepted in Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. [4584]         Du Puis, J., Goodge, K., Forstenhausler, L., Maher, M., Frey, M., Baytar, F., & Park, H. (2022). Cloth Face Mask Fit and Functionality for Children 4-6 Years Old – Part I: Design Exploration, Fashion and Textiles, 9(1), 1-20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-022-00287-8">https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-022-00287-8</a> Galada, A. & Baytar, F., Developing a prediction model for crotch length measurement to improve bifurcated garment fit and enable mass customization (In Press). International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology Goodge, K., Maher, M., Du Puis, J., Park, H, Baytar, F., & Frey, M. (In Press). Cloth Face Mask Fit and Functionality for Children 4-6 Years Old – Part II: Materials, Fashion and Textiles. Goodge, K.; Frey, M. Cloth Face Coverings: Effect of Decontamination Method on Fabric Performance. AATCC Journal of Research 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444221132051">https://doi.org/10.1177/24723444221132051</a> Griffin, L., Cloet, A. G, & Bye, E. (Fall 2022) A model for compression textile design considerations based on dynamic female body measurements. In K. Nimesh (Editor), Compression textiles for medical, sports, and allied applications, Taylor and Francis. [8380] Griffin, L., Juhnke, B. G, Pokorny, C. G, Seifert, E. G, Savvateev, E. G, & Yu, M G. (Accepted, In Press) The Body-Product Relationship for Aging Women Examined through the Lens of Functional Anthropometry, [Special Issue on Anthropometrics]. Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications. (Accepted, in press) [5730] Griffin, L., Yu, M. G, Cloet, A. G, Arnold, S., Carlson, N., Hillmyer, M., Ou, Q., Pei, C., Cao, Q., Pui, D., Franklin, R., and Durfee, W. (2022). Protective masks utilizing non-endangered components. ASME. J. Med. Devices. 16(1): 015001. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4053720 [6126] Jo, J., Sokolowski, S., McQuerry, M., Griffin, L. & Park, H. (2022). Firefighters’ feet: differences by sex and weight-bearing. Applied Ergonomics, 102, DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103753 Jo, J., Xu, A., Mishra, A. K., Bai, H., Derkovorkian, A., Rabinovitch, J., Park, H., & Shepherd, R. (2022), Advanced Materials Technologies. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200437">https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200437</a> Lin, S., Boorady, L. M., & Pate, S.S. (2022). "The Current and Future Use of RFID by Apparel Retailers," SSRG International Journal of Polymer and Textile Engineering, 9(3), 1-5. <a href="https://doi.org/10.14445/23942592/IJPTE-V9I3P101">https://doi.org/10.14445/23942592/IJPTE-V9I3P101</a> Lin, S., Boorady, L., & Kang, J. (2022). Experiencing body scan and computer simulation virtual fitting. International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology. 10 (7), 21-29. <a href="https://doi.org/10.14445/22312803/IJCTT-V70I7P105">https://doi.org/10.14445/22312803/IJCTT-V70I7P105</a> Liu, W., Chang, Y. C., Zhang, J., & Liu, H. (2022). Wet-Spun Side-by-Side Electrically Conductive Composite Fibers. ACS Applied Electronic Materials, 4(4), 1979-1988.              Liu, X., Wu, Y., & Wu, H. (2022, July). Machine Learning Enabled 3D Body Measurement Estimation                               Using Hybrid Feature Selection and Bayesian Search. Applied Sciences.  Mandal, S., Song, G. (2022) Characterizing steam penetration through thermal protective fabric materials. Textiles, 2(1), 16-28. Mandal, S., Song, G., & Grover, I. B. (2022). Modeling of hot-water and steam protective performance of fabrics used in firefighters’ clothing. Fire and Materials, 46(2), 463-475. Mazumdar, N., Mandal, S., Agnew, J. R., Petrova, A., Boorady, M, L., Song, G. (2022). Characterizing the tensile Strength of the fabric materials used in firefighters’ protective clothing under radiant heat exposure. Polymers, 14(2), 296. Mazumdar, N., Mandal, S., Boorady, M, L., Knoepfli, K. (2022). Homemade textile-based masks during COVID-19 pandemic – An Innovative Solutions to Meet Needs of the Residences in an US Community. International Foundation of Fashion Technology Institutes (IFFTI) Annual Conference Proceedings Fashioning Resurgence, 23, 41-47. McQuerry, M. & Easter, E. (2022). Wildland firefighting personal protective clothing cleaning practices in the United States. Fire Technology, 58(3), 1667-1688, DOI: 10.1007/s10694-021-01212-z (Impact 2.239) McQuerry, M., Easter, E., & Cao, A. (2021). Disposable versus reusable medical gowns: a performance comparison. American Journal of Infection Control, 49(5), 563-570, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.10.013 (Impact 2.294) Moraes, A.S.P., Carvalho, M.A.F., Boldt, R.S., Ferreira, F.B.N., Ashdown, S.P., Griffin, L. (2022). Firefighters’ Anthropometrics: A Comparison Between Two Portuguese Fire Brigades. In: Black, N.L., Neumann, W.P., Noy, I. (eds) Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association. IEA 2021. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 223. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74614-8_12 [3778] Morrissey, M.,  Casa, D., Brewer, G., Adams, W., Hosokawa, Y., Benjamin, C., Grundstein, A., Hostler, D., McDermott, B., McQuerry, M., Stearns, R., Filep, E., DeGroot, D., Fulcher, J., Flouris, A., Jacklitsch, B., Jardine, J., Lopez, R., McCarthy, R., Pitisladis, Y., Pryor, R., Schlader, Z., Smith, C., Smith, D., Spector, J., Vanos, J., Williams, W.J., Vargas, N., & Yeargin, S. (2021). Heat safety in the workplace: modified delphi consensus to establish strategies and resources at the organizational level to protect U.S. workers. GeoHealth, 5(8), 1-32, DOI: 10.1029/2021GH000443 (Impact: 4.53) Pettys-Baker, R. G, Smith, J. U, Clarke, M. G, Cook, E. G,  Xiong, B. U, Yu, M. G, & *Griffin, L. (2022). A contemporary investigation into anthropometric dimensions and applications for design 70 years after the publication of "The Average Man." Accepted in Proceedings of the Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics 2022. [3808] Psikuta, A., Sherif, F., Mert, E., Mandal, S., Annaheim, S. (2022). Clothing air gaps in various postures at firefighters work. doi: 10.1007/s00484-022-02391-2 International Journal of Biometeorolgy. Riedy, R. & McQuerry, M. (in revision). Thermal comfort analysis of auto-racing suits using a sweating thermal manikin. Journal of Industrial Textiles (14 pages) Sokolowski, S. L. & Zou. (2022). Workflow Analysis to Understand Ease of Importing, Stitching and Dressing Existing N95 Mask Patterns with Current 3D Apparel Modeling Software Programs for Sizing and Fit. International Textile and Apparel Association Annual Conference Proceedings 78(1). DOI: 10.31274/itaa.13487 Sokolowski, S. L., & Bettencourt, C. (2022). Understanding Footwear Traction Performance to Reduce the Risk of Outdoor Falls and Improve Mobility for the Aging Population. Interdisciplinary Practice in Industrial Design, 48, 108-116. DOI:10.54941/ahfe1002022 Sokolowski, S. L., Searcy, J. A., Calabrese, D., and Zou, Y. (2021, October). Exemplar 3D Faces and N95 Pleated Mask Measurement Comparison by Sex and Race. Proceedings of Sokolowski, S., Griffin, L., Wu, Y., McKinney, E., Morris, K., & Bettencourt, C. (2022). Examination of current U.S. female firefighting personal protective equipment (PPE) sizing and fitting process challenges: an opportunity to improve fit. Fashion and Textiles, 9 (40). Doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-022-00314-8">https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-022-00314-8</a> Sokolowski, S., Griffin, L., Wu, Y., McKinney, E., Morris, K., & Bettencourt, C. (Accepted, In Press). Examination of current U.S. female firefighting personal protective equipment (PPE) sizing and fitting process challenges: An opportunity to improve safety. Fashion and Textiles.  [9921] Sokolowski, S., Marks, M., Park, H., Griffin, L., & McQuerry, M., (2022). Visual, volumetric and anthropometric measurements comparisons between boot interior and 3d foot scans to improve firefighters safety. Interdisciplinary Practice in Industrial Design, AHFE International, 48, 91-99, DOI: 10.54941/ahfe1002020 (Impact: 1.49) Sokolowski, S., Park, H., Griffin, L., & McQuerry, M. & Tuttle, J. (2022). Visual, volumetric, and anthropometric measurements comparisons between boot interior and 3D foot scans to improve firefighters safety. Interdisciplinary Practice in Industrial Design, AHFE International, 48, 91-99, DOI: 10.54941/ahfe1002020 Sokolowski, S., Park, H., Griffin, L., McQuerry, M., & Tuttle, J. (2022). Visual, Volumetric and Anthropometric Measurement Comparisons Between Boot Interior and 3D Foot Scans to Improve Female Firefighter Safety. Accepted in Proceedings of the Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics 2022.[3135] Sokolowski, S.L., Karolidis, E., Hakimian, A., Ackermann, S. (2022). Measuring Cool Touch of Key Sports Performance Apparel T-Shirt Materials Using a Modified Transient Plane Source (MTPS) Sensor to Inform Future Technology Development. In: TMS 2022 151st Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92381-5_126 Song, H.K., Baytar, F., Ashdown, S. & Kim, S. (2021). 3D anthropometric analysis of women’s aging bodies: upper body shape and posture changes. Fashion Practice, 1-24. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17569370.2021.1879463">https://doi.org/10.1080/17569370.2021.1879463</a> Yu, M. G & Griffin, L. (2022). A Pilot Study of Healthcare Workers’ Experience With Personal Protective Equipment. Accepted in Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. [3865] Yu, M. G & Griffin, L. (2022). User-Centered Design of a Face Shield for Healthcare Workers. Accepted in Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. [3549]

Impact Statements

Colorado CO (with collaborators OR, MN, KS, IA) - Firewomen experience fit challenges when selecting turnout coats and pants, leading to concerns about mobility and safety. This research builds an understanding of specific fit problems on the ability of firewomen to do their challenging work in a safe and stress-free manner. Interview and survey data collected for the manuscript pinpointed experiences with the PPE sizing processes that led to poor fit. The data also identified previously undocumented knowledge gaps between NFPA size standards, commercialized products, and processes used by manufacturers and firehouses to fit female practitioners. With effective fire industry partnerships and future research, women can experience fewer injuries, and improved comfort, and work performance with their PPE while establishing equality with their male counterparts. Florida Conducted nationwide three-dimensional body scanning on female firefighters in relation to the fit of their PPE to produce the largest female firefighter-specific anthropometric database to date. Evaluated auto-racing suits, a sustainable tent jacket for the homeless, and structural firefighter turnout suits on a state-of-the-art sweating thermal manikin. Hawaii The development of adopting VitaSigns for monitoring firefighters has resulted in the applications in the vest for firefighters and health care applications. During the pandemic, Hawaii was experiencing the shortfall of resourcing materials and protective devices. Our goal was to provide instruction in such a way that all testing and construction could be done at home, allowing students to continue testing and making masks outside of school and opening the door for students and the community to teach others. Kansas During this reporting period, the K-State research group focused on the development of new firefighting Turnout coats and pants for firewomen. A new turnout coat and a new pair of turnout pants were designed and prototyped based on female firefighters’ body shape. The new designs, upon validation and finalization, has great potentials for a new patent and commercialization, therefore benefiting the domestic female firefighters’ onsite performance and safety to a great extent. Maryland Development of laboratory and field methods to measure decontamination and transfer of pesticide residues in garments worn by pesticide operators Methodology. The methodology can serve as baseline studies for future research. Minnesota MN has led the creation of six major 3D and 4D databases to aid in our understanding of the body-product relationship. We have collected data from over 1000 participants since 2016, utilizing hand-held, stationary, and 4D scanning systems. The landmarking, scanning, measurement, and analysis methods for each database were developed to improve the body-product relationship for specific wearable products. MN developed a systematic process for improving the body-product relationship of mask fit. MN developed new facial anthropometry for predicting mask fit and the new measurements achieve 100% mask fit prediction accuracy for healthcare workers. Over the last five years, MN and UO hand research has demonstrated a true need for detailed analysis of static and dynamic hand measurements. In 2019, the HDL team created a first of its kind large-scale 3D hand anthropometric database with over 800 hand scans. Exploring the application of new 3D hand data has been a top priority of the lab. We explored new technologies such as 3D simulation and digital prototyping which offer endless design opportunities for gloves and hand tools. The HDL anthropometric data and design research will inform functional glove and tool design for a range of fields and consumers. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic when traditional N95 respirators were in short supply in the United States, MN led an interdisciplinary team of experts in the development of new mask designs that use repurposed filtration media and commercially available components. Filtration efficiency test results showed that the filtration media can be used for high quality facemasks and quantitative fit testing demonstrated that the new mask designs could be viable alternatives to traditional N95 respirators. In fact, our research demonstrated that the MNmask fit performance was superior to several N95 respirators currently on the market. MN created a process for quickly manufacturing the mask designs, and manufacturing viability was tested by utilizing an unskilled workforce to create 6000 masks over 10 days during the pandemic. This research has continued to produce a far-reaching body of knowledge around mask design, face anthropometry and mask fit prediction, mask usability, and differences in mask fit for occupational and general use. By integrating a systems approach to design, MN research has advanced our understanding and discovery of the body-product relationship, interdisciplinary mask design research, systematic causes of sizing, fit, and safety challenges with turnout gear, organizational and systems influence on the hospital gown. MN research expands the design process for human and global systems to address product inequities and industry shortcomings. New York Conducted nationwide three-dimensional scanning on female/male firefighters’ feet in relation to the fit and comfort of their fire boots to improve sizing systems of fire boots. Developed wearable respiration and gait monitoring system by engineering stretchable fiber-optic sensors. Also developed new design, testing method and material structure to improve comfort, fit and filtration of cloth facemasks. Developed convertible jackets made of post-use tent for thermal protection for homeless. Developed methods to evaluate virtual PPE coverall fit on animated body scans. Developed methods to evaluate the fit of facemasks by using virtual prototypes. Oklahoma Oklahoma State University (OK State) mainly focused on developing a Textile and Apparel Science Laboratory (TASL). The purpose of this laboratory will be to analyze the protective and comfort performance of textile materials through bench-/full-scale equipment and modeling. Oregon The University of Oregon has been actively participating on the NC-170 project with scanning/anthropometric research, data analysis, paper writing and conference presentations. Washington The development of side-by-side wet-spun conductive fibers has opened up a new technology paradigm to manufacture unspinnable polymers into fibers. The strain and chemical sensors fabricated from the side-by-side conductive fibers have great potential applications in smart wearables.

Date of Annual Report: 09/12/2023

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 09/11/2023 - 09/14/2023
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2022 - 09/30/2024

Participants

Gang Sun, Charles Freeman, Chunhui Xiang, Elizabeth Bye, Sumat Mandal, Dawn Michaelson, Linsey Griffin, Shu Hwa Lin, Fatima Baytar, and Ashley Mueller (NIFA)

Participants Attachment:

NC170 Annual Report 2023.pdf

Brief Summary of Minutes

The annual meeting was during the first day of AATCC’s 2023 Textile Discovery Summit in Greenville, South Carolina, on September 12, 2023 at 6 pm. Ashley Mueller provided the NIFA update and report, then communicated the praise our 2022 Annual Report received at the meeting.

Items of note:

Gang Sun will be retiring July 2025.

Elizabeth “Missy” Bye will be retiring, and Lynn Boorady will be taking over as the NC-170 advisor.

Shu Hwa Lin reported that a Cotton Inc. proposal had been submitted in 2023 but was not selected this year. She stated that they will apply next year.

NC-170 was excited to have its annual meeting at the 2023 Textile Discovery Summit in Greenville, South Carolina, where collaboration could be made with industry leaders and researchers. There was a total of 19 abstracts submitted to the NC-170 session. While the majority were members, there was one abstract from a non-member. Eleven abstracts were chosen for the oral sessions and the remaining 8 were given a poster session during the general sessions.

Attendees broke into two sections; 1- Textile Science related and 2 – Design and Product Development related to discuss progress on the current project. Section 1 held discussions on grant opportunities that would be reviewed and applied for during the 2023-2024 academic year. Section 2 discussed the design project collaboration with Anugrah Shaw (not present at the annual meeting) and the design challenges for pesticide worker PPE garments. Discuss and suggestions for changes to materials and design were given by the members. Additional discussion was conducted on additional research projects and collaborations with the members.

The NC-170 oral presentation session topics and authors are included on the next page.

Meeting was adjourned at 7:55 pm

Minutes Attachment:

NC170 Annual Report 2023.pdf

Accomplishments

Objective 1   Colorado With collaborators, CO developed a manuscript from data were collected from manufacturer-provided web communications regarding sizing and fit, user surveys (n = 74), and 1:1 interviews (n = 31) with U.S. female firefighters. This manuscript specifically addresses sizing and fitting process challenges experienced by female firefighter’s.  COLLABORATORS: MO, CO, MN, IA, KS, OR, GA (Brenau) Iowa Novel colorimetric nanofiber-based sensors to detect pesticides for chemical protective clothing. Our initial effort focused on the colorimetric change that can be easily detected by the naked eye. The nanofiber-based sensors are lightweight and strong and can be tailored to detect pesticides. In addition, nanofiber-based sensors have a large surface area and 3D nanofiber network, which can increase the potential number of molecules that can react with pesticides and also enhance the roughness of the substrate’s surface to increase sensitivity. Kansas - The KS group investigated factors that impact the selection, use, care, and maintenance of firefighting turnout coats and pants. With collaborators (MN, OR, CO, IA, MO, GA), KS developed a manuscript from data collected from manufacturer-provided web communications regarding sizing and fit, user surveys (n = 74), and 1:1 interviews (n = 31) with U.S. female firefighters. This manuscript specifically addresses sizing and fitting process challenges experienced by female firefighters. Besides, KS independently conducted a market analysis to understand the gap between users’ expectations/needs and what is available in the market and prepared a journal manuscript accordingly. Mississippi Research and development in the field of smart personal protective equipment (PPE) have led to significant strides in safeguarding workers' health and safety. Textile-based wearable technologies have been crafted to monitor a range of health and environmental conditions, thus providing real-time data that can prevent injury and illness. These smart garments are designed to detect excessive heat, harmful chemicals, biological threats, and even radiation exposure.   The innovative sensors embedded within these textiles can track the wearer's physical stress and exertion, as well as the physiological responses to harsh environmental conditions. The result is a line of PPE that not only fits the wearer's needs but also actively contributes to their safety by alerting them to potential hazards. This proactive approach aims to improve overall job performance while ensuring that safety is never compromised.   The prototypes developed have shown promise in increasing users' performance and enhancing safety measures. They signify a leap forward in PPE technology, combining sustainability with function by using reusable materials that stand up to the rigors of varied work environments. These advancements represent a vital step towards a future where PPE is not just a requirement but a dynamic tool for health and safety management. New York Cornell University developed and validated the effectiveness of fiber optic wearable respiration monitoring system and gait monitoring system which can be applied to firefighters’ protective gear.  Cornell University confirmed the potential of conventional fabrics in layered systems for effective and comfortable face masks. Oklahoma Partially developed Textile and Apparel Science Laboratory (TASL) at Oklahoma State University to evaluate the protective and comfort performance of fabrics. Washington WA has developed cotton and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based conductive fibers with intrinsically conductive polymers and liquid metal, and fabricated both strain and chemical sensors. The sensing effects have been evaluated and the results showed promising applications for smart wearables. Fundamental study of understanding the fiber spinning fluid dynamics is ongoing.   Objective 2   California Develop and evaluate textile-based/wearable smart PPE systems to meet users’ needs. Developing and evaluating textile-based wearable and sustainable/reusable sensing technologies for improving PPE that can monitor health conditions and environmental conditions. The outcome of the prototype of the new technologies will enhance users’ performance and improve safety. Specifically, the sensors will target physical and physiological strains and environmental conditions such as heat stress, thermal, chemical, biological, ionizing radiation hazards. In addition, sensors will measure indicators related to wearers’ physical exertion and strain or physiological and environmental conditions. CA developed novel e-textile stretch/strain sensors which can be integrated into PPE to monitor movement and body postures to assess user’s physical exertion. CA developed an e-textile bioimpedance spectroscopy system that can integrated into PPE to monitor especially lung health of users.   Develop novel functionality and applications of materials for PPE and health/safety solutions: <ol> <li>research novel materials and technologies that can provide desired functions;</li> <li>research novel textile-integrated sensing techniques</li> <li>evaluate the performance of the materials for personal protective applications</li> </ol>   CA continued the development of rechargeable halamine and photo-active biocidal films, nonwoven fabrics, nanofibrous membranes and hydrogel beads for various applications including food containers and packaging materials that can provide surface self-disinfecting functions; developed colorimetric foam-based ELISA sensors for pesticides and antibiotics for protection of human and environmental health. In addition, the team has developed detoxifying sensing materials for fumigants and chemicals. Colorado CO is currently processing body scans of female firefighters to extract body measurements. Collaborators developed the protocol for placing landmarks in the digital scan for the lower body. CO worked with KS to develop a parallel protocol for land marking the upper body. These data are landmarked and nearly ready to send off to collaborators at KS and FSU to extract measurements, develop the measurement sheet, and analyze the data. Florida All projects met objective two to assess and improve the performance of PPE and protective clothing for first responders, military personnel, migrant farmworkers, construction workers, and many other industrial occupations and vulnerable populations. Hawaii HI continued the work ECG on personal use and wearable sensors for monitoring health care. Iowa The development of a controlled consistent smoke generation system for PPE contamination study, decontamination approach efficacy evaluation, and exposure health effects investigation. The development of computer vision and AI based anthropometric tool for anthropometric data collection for PPE sizing and fit analysis and PPE development. Kansas - With collaborators (MN, OR, CO, IA, MO, GA), KS processed body scans of female firefighters to extract body measurements. Collaborators developed the protocol for placing landmarks in the digital scan for the lower body. KS worked with CO to develop a parallel protocol for landmarking the upper body. These data are landmarked and nearly ready to send off to collaborators at KS and FSU to extract measurements, develop the measurement sheet, and analyze the data. 2) KS independently designed and constructed prototypes of a new turnout coat and a new pair of turnout pants based on female firefighters’ body shapes, which were found to be of great potential for benefitting firewomen. Maryland – Operator exposure is often higher for hand-held applications. Potential and actual exposure data in the global operator exposure database for hand-held applications was analyzed to determine protection provided by garments in approximately 50 studies. Workwear garments made with fabrics that meet Level C1 requirements can be use as the base requirement based on operator exposure studies analyzed. Data for studies conducted with workwear and impermeable rain suits/rain pants demonstrate the ability of made with “impermeable” materials to mitigate risk in high exposure scenarios. would be required to mitigate risk for high-exposure scenarios.   Kenya was selected for pilot testing of risk assessment and mitigation tool that is being developed as an ICPPE project. PPE partnership project was initiated in Kenya to develop C1 base garment and partial body C3 garment for knapsack sprayers. For this study two 1/3 scale prototypes were developed to obtain input from farmers/operators. User acceptance studies were conducted by BASF and Syngenta in different regions in Kenya. The grassroots approach allowed approximately 180 farmers/operators to provide input in the color and garment feature for the PPE that is being produced for prototype to be used for wear trials. As part of the partnership project, prototypes were developed for C3 partial body garments for knapsack applicators. These garments as well as a commercially available PPE was used by BASF to obtain initial feedback from users in Indonesia, India and Thailand.   The partnership project in Kenya served as the pilot to develop a global database that includes information on common application scenarios and user preferences. In addition, methodology for qualitative assessment of partial body garments using commonly available dye used for food coloring. The methodology was based on preliminary study information shared by member of an international working group. The methodology was pilot tested in September 2023 in collaboration with Konkuk University and Rural Development Authority in S. Korea.   Material used for C1 garment prototype met ISO 27065 C1 requirements. A database is being developed for C3 materials. Data for 20 materials was entered in the database. This database will be used for the revision of OSO 27065. Minnesota Developed a new method to measure and compare the interior fit of multi-layered gloves. Developed new half-mask respirator-specific landmarks and measurements, which enabled the ability to accurately predict N95 mask fit. Conducted civilian mask fit research and discovered that age impacts N95 mask fit: The older you are, quantitative mask fit is significantly lower. Grew civilian dynamic hand database to over 1000 participants and close to 3000 3D hand scans.  The database will be analyzed to understand hand clearances (funded by Toyota), glove fit (FEMA & NASA), and general anthropometry. Mississippi Research efforts in 2022 included a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of fabric masks, crucial for public health safety during the pandemic. This work contributed to improving public health messaging by quantifying fabric mask effectiveness, potentially influencing personal protective strategies in communities worldwide. Innovations in wearable PPE were recognized internationally, such as the development of a leakage minimization face barrier and a cottonseed oil polymer, the latter of which was awarded Best New Innovation in 2022. These advancements demonstrate significant strides in creating more effective and sustainable PPE solutions. Further research delved into the biomechanical, physiological, and subjective perceptions of personal flotation devices, contributing to the safety and performance of such equipment in demanding environments. Additionally, efforts to cultivate rural entrepreneurship highlight the broader implications of this work in community and economic vitality, showcasing the value of aligning PPE development with the needs of diverse occupational groups, including those in underserved rural areas. New York Cornell University proposed and evaluated new design, sizing systems, and new materials to improve children’s cloth face masks.  Cornell University is developing maternity coverall designs to improve fit inclusivity for pregnant pesticide operators.

Publications

Amaly, Noha, Ahmed Y. EL-Moghazy, Basant Eweida Pramod K. Pandey, Gang Sun. "Development of sulfonated and aminated poly (ethylene-vinyl alcohol) nanofibrous membrane as a solid phase extraction matrix for trace metal ions preconcentration from dairy wastewater for direct ICP-OES analyses." Reactive and Functional Polymer,184, (2023), 1155191. Amaly, Noha, Ahmed Y. EL-Moghazy, Nitin Nitin, Gang Sun, Pramod K. Pandey. "Design, preparation, and application of novel multilayer metal polyphenol composite on macroporous framework melamine foam for effective filtration removal of tetracycline in fluidic systems." Separation and Purification Technology, 2023, V321, 124238. Baskan, A., Goncu-Berk, G. (2023). User experience of Wearable Technologies: A comparative analysis of textile-based and accessory-based wearable products. Applied Sciences.12 (21), 12(21), 11154. Burch, R., Luczak, T. Ball, J., Saucier, D., Chander, H., & Freeman, C. “Wearable Sensor Motion Capture System” Utility U.S. Patent #11,672,480. Awarded & Continuation filed. 05/2023 Cao, Qingfeng, Seong Chan Kim, Qisheng Ou, Hoo Young Chung, Weiqi Chen, William Durfee, Susan Arnold, Marc A. Hillmyer, Linsey A. Griffin, and David YH Pui. "Filtration Performance and Fiber Shedding Behavior in Common Respirator and Face Mask Materials." Available at SSRN 4132447 (2022). Cloet, A., Griffin, L., Yu, M., & Durfee, W. (2022) Design considerations for protective mask development: A remote mask usability evaluation. Applied Ergonomics. 102, 103751. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103751">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103751</a> Davarzani, S., Saucier, D., Talegaonkar, P., Parker, E., Turner, A., Middleton, C., W., Ball, J. E., Gurbuz, A., Chander, H., Burch, R. F., Smith, B. K., Knight, A., & Freeman, C. (2023). Closing the Wearable Gap: Foot-ankle Kinematic Modeling via Deep Learning Models Based on a Smart Sock Wearable. Wearable Technologies. Accepted In Press. Derby, H., Chander, H., Kodithuwakku Arachchige, S. N. K., Turner, A., Knight, A. C., Burch, R. F., Freeman, C., Wade, C., & Garner, J. C. (2023). Occupational Footwear Design Influences Biomechanics and Physiology of Human Postural Control and Fall Risk. Applied Sciences, 13(1), 116. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010116">https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010116</a>. Derby, H., Conner, N., Talukder, A., Griffith, A., Freeman, C., Burch, R., F., Simpson, J., Goble, D., Knight, A., & Chander, H. (2022). Impact of sub-clinical and clinical compression socks on postural stability tasks among individuals with ankle instability. Healthcare, 10(7), 1271. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10071271">http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10071271</a>. Du Puis, J., Goodge, K., Forstenhausler, L., Maher, M., Frey, M., Baytar, F., & Park, H.      (2022). Cloth Face Mask Fit and Functionality for Children 4-6 Years Old – Part I: Design      Exploration, Fashion and Textiles (Impact factor: 2.765). 9(1), 1-20. DOI:      <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-022-00287-8">https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-022-00287-8</a> El-Moghazy, A., N. Amaly, G. Sun, and N. Nitin. "Development and clinical evaluation of commercial glucose meter coupled with nanofiber based immuno-platform for self-diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva." Talanta 253 (2023): 124117-124117. Freeman, C., Orzada, B., Cobb, K., and Talukder, A. (2022). Being Part of a Winning Team: A Problem-based Approach to Teach Sustainability Adoption in Collegiate Athletic Uniforms. International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and Education. pp 1-8. Freeman, C.; Burch, R.; and Casey, L. “Face Filtration Mount for Automated Filter Tester” Non-provisional U.S. Patent #29/801984. Awarded. 06/2023. Goncu-Berk, G. (2022). Blink: Heart Rate Monitoring Sport Bra. TMC Smart Textiles and Innovation Salon, Montreal-Canada. Goncu-Berk, G. Dadhich, Y. Shahaj, E. (2023). Wearable technology, Virtual Fashion & Immersive Technologies, in Accelerating Sustainability in Fashion, Apparel and Textiles (Eds) Charter. M., Black, S., Routledge. Goncu-Berk, G., Ha, S.Y., Zhang, R. (2022). Distanced: Proximity Sensitive Morphing Dress. ITMC Smart Textiles and Innovation Salon, Montreal-Canada. Goncu-Berk, G., Zhang, R. (2022). Bloom: Touch Actuated Interactive Collar. ITMC Smart Textiles and Innovation Salon, Montreal-Canada. Goodge, K., Maher, M., Du Puis, J., Park, H, Baytar, F., & Frey, M. (2022). Cloth Face Mask Fit and Functionality for Children 4-6 Years Old – Part II: Materials, Fashion and Textiles, 9(1), 1-18 (Impact factor: 2.765). Griffin, L., Cloet, A., & Bye, E. (2023). 4. A Model for Compression Textile Design Based on Dynamic Female Lower Body Measurements. In Compression Textiles for Medical, Sports, and Allied Applications (pp. 39-58). CRC Press. Griffin, L., Juhnke, B., Pokorny, C., Seifert, E., Savvateev, E., & Yu, M. (2023) The Body Product Relationship for Aging Women Examined through the Lens of Functional Anthropometry, [Special Issue on Anthropometrics]. Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications.  <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/10648046221134567">https://doi.org/10.1177/10648046221134567</a> Griffin, L., Yu, M., Cloet, A., Arnold, S., Carlson, N., Hillmyer, M., Ou, Q., Pei, C., Cao, Q., Pui, D., Franklin, R., and Durfee, W. (2022). Protective masks utilizing non-endangered components. ASME. J. Med. Devices. 16(1): 015001. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4053720">https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4053720</a> Islam, Shahid Ul, Zheng Zhang, Cunyi Zhao, Nicharee Wisuthiphaet, Nitin Nitin, and Gang Sun. "Design and Development of Robust, Daylight-Activated, and     Rechargeable Biocidal Polymeric Films as Promising Active Food Packaging Materials." ACS applied bio materials. 2023, 6, 6, 2459–2467. Jo, J. & Park, H. (2023, Accepted and in press). Machine Embroidery Enclosure for Stretchable Fiber Optic Respiration Sensor. Advanced Sensor Research. https://doi.org/10.1002/adsr.202300017 Jo, J. Sokolowski, S., McQuerry, M., Griffin, L., & Park, H. (2022). Firefighters’ Feet:      Difference by Sex and Weight Bearing, Applied Ergonomics (Impact factor: 3.661). DOI:     <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103753">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103753</a> Jo, J., Xu, A., Mishra, A. K., Bai, H., Derkovorkian, A., Rabinovitch, J., Park, H., &      Shepherd, R. (2022), Measurement of Parachute Canopy Textile Deformation Using      Mechanically Invisible Stretchable Lightguides, Advanced Materials Technologies, 7(12),      (Impact factor: 8.856). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200437">https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200437</a> Lin, S., Boorady, L. M., & Pate, S.S. (2022). "The Current and Future Use of RFID by Apparel Retailers," SSRG International Journal of Polymer and Textile Engineering, 9(3), 1-5. <a href="https://doi.org/10.14445/23942592/IJPTE-V9I3P101">https://doi.org/10.14445/23942592/IJPTE-V9I3P101</a>. Lin, S., Boorady, L., & Kang, J. (2022). Experiencing body scan and computer simulation virtual fitting. International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology. 10 (7), 21-29. <a href="https://doi.org/10.14445/22312803/IJCTT-V70I7P105">https://doi.org/10.14445/22312803/IJCTT-V70I7P105</a>. Liu, W., Liu, H., Zhao, Z., Liang, D., Zhong, W. H., & Zhang, J. (2023). A novel structural design of cellulose-based conductive composite fibers for wearable e-textiles. Carbohydrate Polymers, 321, 121308. Liu, X., Wu, Y., & Wu, H. (2022). Machine Learning Enabled 3D Body Measurement Estimation Using Hybrid Feature Selection and Bayesian Search. Applied Sciences. Luczak, T., Saucier, D., Chander, H., Tang, Y., Freeman, C., Lamberth, J., ... & Tian, L. (2023, March). The Opportunity to Collect Kinetic Forces During a Round of Golf Using Wearable Devices: Single-Subject Case Study–The Full Swings. In 2023 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW) (pp. 249-253). IEEE. Ma, Yue, Cheng Huang, Zheng Zhang, Linlin Xiao, Qingli Dong, and Gang Sun Controlled Surface Radical Graft Polymerization of N-Halamine Monomers on Polyester Fabrics and Potential Application in Bioprotective Medical Scrubs, ACS Applied Polymer Materials 4, no. 9 (2022): 6760-6769. Ma, Yue, Muhammad Zohaib Aslam, Mengjie Wu, Nitin Nitin, and Gang Sun. "Strategies and Perspectives of Developing Anti-biofilm Materials for Improved Food Safety." Food Research International (2022): V159, 111543.  Maher, M., Goodge, K., DuPuis, J., Frey, M., Park, H, & Baytar, F. (2023). Cloth Face Mask Fit and Function for Children Part Three: Facemask sizing and fit [Accepted to be published in Fashion and Textiles] Mamun, A. A., Bormon, K. K., Rasu, M. N. S., Talukder, A., Freeman, C., Burch, R. F., & Chander, H. (2022). An Assessment of Energy and Groundwater Consumption of Textile Dyeing Mills in Bangladesh and Minimize Environmental Impacts via Long-term KPI Baseline. Textiles, 2(4), 511-523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/textiles2040029. Mandal, S*., Song, G., Zeng, H., Agnew, R. J., Chowdhury, I. Z., Boorady, L. M. (2023). Polymer Nanofibers. Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471440264.pst689 McQuerry, M. & Dodson, A. (in revision). An antimicrobial zinc ion fiber for COVID-19 prevention in nonwoven face coverings for healthcare settings. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. (20 pages). McQuerry, M. & Grzywacz, J.G. (2023). Thermal comfort assessment of active cooling technology for agricultural end use: a field study. Journal of Textile Engineering & Fashion Technology, 9(1), 14-19, DOI: 10.15406/jteft.2023.09.00327 McQuerry, M. & Kwon, C. (2023). Personal protective clothing inequities for female structural and wildland firefighters. Fire Engineering PPE Supplement. 16-17. McQuerry, M. & Schofield, S. (in revision). United States structural firefighter personal protective clothing user needs: a mobility perspective. Emergency Management Science and Technology. (16 pages). McQuerry, M., Kwon, C., & Poley-Bogan, M. (2023). Female firefighters’ increased risk of occupational exposure due to ill-fitting personal protective clothing. Frontiers in Materials Polymeric and Composite Materials; Special Issue: Challenges and Emerging Issues on Firefighter’s Toxic Chemical Exposure: Smoke Chemicals, Contaminated PPE, and Off-gassing. 10, 1-10, DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2023.1175559 (Impact: 3.985) Mitchell, J., Agnew, J. R., Hwang, J., Larson, P., Mandal, S*. (accepted 2023). Preliminary analyses of accumulation of carcinogenic contaminants in retired turnout gear. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Hygiene. Nasrin, S., Mandal, S.*, Islam, M., Petrova. A., Agnew, R. J., Boorady, L. M. (2023). Factors affecting the sweat drying performance of active sportswear - a review. Textiles, 3(3), 319-338. Parker, E., Middleton, C., Luczak, T., Freeman, C., Ball, J., Burch, R., Chander, H., & Jones, B. “A Hand Wearable IMU Sensor Mount” Disclosure Filed – Filing date 04/2023. Psikuta, A., Sherif, F., Mert, E., Mandal, S*., Annaheim, S. (2023). Clothing air gaps in various postures at firefighters' work. International Journal of Biometeorolgy, 67(1), 121-131. Riedy, R. & McQuerry, M. (2023). Thermal comfort analysis of auto-racing suits using a sweating thermal manikin. Journal of Industrial Textiles, 53, 1-16, DOI: 10.1177/15280837221150649 (Impact 2.926) Riedy, R., Maya, I., & McQuerry, M. (in revision). Analysis of physiological effects of compression gear on American college and pro-level football athletes. AATCC Journal of Research. (23 pages). Shahid Ul Islam, Gang Sun, Biological Chemicals as Sustainable Materials to Synthesize Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Textile Surface Functionalization, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. 2022, 10, 31,10084–10104. Sokolowski, S., Griffin, L., Wu, Y., McKinney, E., Morris, K. & Bettencourt, C. (2022). Examination of Current U.S. Female Firefighting Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Sizing and Fitting Process Challenges: An Opportunity to Improve Safety. Fashion & Textiles. Sokolowski, S., Griffin, L., Wu, Y., McKinney, E., Morris, K., & Bettencourt, C. (2023). Examination of current U.S. female firefighting personal protective equipment (PPE) sizing and fitting process challenges: An opportunity to improve safety. Fashion and Textiles. 9(40). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-022-00314-8">https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-022-00314-8</a> Sokolowski, S., Park, H., Griffin, L, McQuerry, M, & Tuttle, J. (2022). Visual, Volumetric and      Anthropometric Measurement Comparisons Between Boot Interior and 3D Foot Scans to    Improve Firefighter Safety. Interdisciplinary Practice in Industrial Design. 48, 91-99. Strawderman, L., Jose, B., Burch, R. F., Warren, S., Taylor, C., Ball, J., Freeman, F., & Chander, H. (2022). The applicability of existing acceptance models for enterprise organizational technology acceptance of wearables. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 92, 103381. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2022.103381">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2022.103381</a> Talukder, A., Derby, H., Freeman, C., Burch, R., Knight, A., & Chander, H. (2022). Sensory and Tactile Comfort Assessment of Sub-Clinical and Clinical Compression Socks on Individuals with Ankle Instability. Textiles, 2(2), 307-317. Tang, Peixin, Bolin Ji, and Gang Sun. "Stabilization of Flavin Mononucleotide by Capturing Its “Tail” with Porous Organic Polymers for Long-Term Photocatalytic Degradation of Micropollutants." Journal of Hazardous Materials (2022): 435. 128982. Tang, Peixin, Sasha Eckstein, Bolin Ji, Bofeng Pan, and Gang Sun. " Hierarchical porous nanofibrous aerogels with wide-distributed pore sizes for instantaneous organophosphorus pesticides decontamination-and-fluorescence sensing" Chemical Engineering Journal (2022),  V456, 138183.                        Thompson, M., Burch, R., Ball, J., Luczak, T., Freeman, C., Saucier, D., & Chander, H. “Mobile Markerless Motion Capture for Movement Data Collection in all Environments” Disclosure Filed – Filing date 02/2023. White, S. A., Zhang, X., Campbell, Y. L., Smith, S. W., Phillips, T. W., Freeman, C., & Schilling, M. W. (2023). Effectiveness of nets treated with food-grade coatings following various drying methods for controlling mite growth on dry-cured hams. Journal of Stored Products Research, 100, 102065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2022.102065 White, S., Zhang, X., Campbell, Y., Smith, S., Phillips, T., Freeman, C., & Schilling, W. (2023). Uses and commercialization of food-grade coated ham nets: A Review. Textile Research Journal. In Press. Xu, X., McQuerry, M., Poley-Bogan, M., Rioux, T., Gonzalez, J., & Hoyt, R. (2023). Thermal properties of three cold weather ensembles and an unpowered heated base layer ensemble. U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM) Technical Report T23-004 https://discover.dtic.mil/ Yang, J., Wang, F., Song, G., Li, R., & Raj, U. (2022)/ Effects of clothing size and air ventilation rate on cooling performance of air ventilation clothing in a warm condition. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics 28(1),354-363. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2020.1762316">https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2020.1762316</a> Yang, J., Wang, F., White, M. D., Li, R., Song, G., Etter, C. V., & Perrotta, A.S. (2022). A 7-segment numerical hand-glove/mitten model for predicting thermophysiological responses of the human hand in extremely cold conditions. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 151, 106351. Yu, M., Griffin, L., Arnold, S., & Durfee, W. (Accepted, Under Revision) Part 1: Development of new facial landmarks and anthropometry to aid in mask fit prediction. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. Yu, M., Griffin, L., Arnold, S., & Durfee, W. (Accepted, Under Revision) Part 2: Mask Fit Prediction. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. Yu, Xingjian, Bofeng Pan, Cunyi Zhao, Diedra Shorty, Lucas N. Solano, Gang Sun, Ruiwu Liu, and Kit S. Lam. "Discovery of Peptidic Ligands against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Their Use in the Development of a Highly Sensitive Personal Use Colorimetric COVID-19 Biosensor." ACS sensors. 2023, 8, 6, 2159–2168. Zhang, R., Fang, R., Fang, C., Homayoun, H., Goncu Berk, G. (2023, October). Privee: A Wearable for Real-Time Bladder Monitoring System.  2023 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing & the 2023 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computing, Cancun-Mexico. Zhao, Cunyi, Bofeng Pan, Minyuan Wang, Yang Si, Ameer Y. Taha, Gangyu Liu, Tingrui Pan, and Gang Sun. "Improving the Sensitivity of Nanofibrous Membrane-Based ELISA for On-Site Antibiotics Detection." ACS sensors (2022). 2022, 7, 5, 1458–1466. Zong, W., Elangovan, T., McQuerry, M., Poley-Bogan, M., Simonson, N., Park, H. (in revision). Survival jacket design for homeless. Clothing and Textile Research Journal. (30 pages)   Scientific and Outreach Presentations Akter, H., Goncu-Berk, G. (2022). Vision Inclusive Clothing Design: A Study on Perception of Clothing by Visually Impaired People, International Textile and Apparel Association 2022 Annual Conference, Denver: CO. Alam, M., & Xiang, C. (2023). Development of a Colorimetric Nanofiber Sensor for Selective Detection of Organophosphate Pesticides. AATCC 2023 Textile Discovery Summit, Greenville, SC, USA, Sep 12-14. Baytar, F., Maher, M. & Galada, A. (2022). Evaluating Fit by Using Animated Body Scan Avatars and Digital Coveralls. 3DBODY.TECH Conference & Expo. [Online presentation]. Lugano, Switzerland. Baytar, F., Maher, M., Galada, A. & Yang, Y.  (2023). Scan avatar rigging challenges and their effects on clothing simulation. The International Conference Clothing-Body Interaction 2023. Campbell, L. F., Delp, K., & Baytar, F. (2022). Flat Patterns from Curved Bodies. Bridges Conference (July 27-31) <a href="https://www.bridgesmathart.org/">https://www.bridgesmathart.org/</a> Chowdhury, I. Z., Mandal, S., Agnew, R. J., Petrova, A., Boorady, L. M., & Tushar, S. I. Investigating the Effects of Air Gap on Thermal Protective Performance of Protective Textiles under Different Heat Exposure. 2023 ITAA Annual Conference, Maryland, USA, November 8- 11, 2023. Ferguson, B., Goncu-Berk, G., Young, J., Mishra, T. (2023). S.O.S. Design Manifesto, 9th Congress of the International Association of Societies of Design Research (IASDR 2023), Hong Kong. (Reviewed Workshop). Freeman, C., Talkuder, A., Black, C., Burch, R., Strawderman, L., & Chander, H. (2022). “Quantifying fabric mask effectiveness to improve public health messaging.” Paper presented at American Chemical Society Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV. Freeman, C., Talkuder, A., Black, C., Burch, R., Strawderman, L., & Chander, H. (2022). “Biomechanical, physiological, and subjective perception assessment of personal flotation devices (PFD).” Paper presented at American Chemical Society Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV. Goncu-Berk, G. (2022). 3D Printing of Flexible Conductive Filaments for Electronic Textile Applications. 8th International Conference on Intelligent Textiles and Mass Customization, Ontario: Canada. Goncu-Berk, G. (2022). From Soft Robotics to Designing Inflatable Wearable Products: A Hands-on Teaching Module for Online Studio Classes, International Textile and Apparel Association 2022 Annual Conference, Denver: CO. Goncu-Berk, G. (2023). CalmWear: A Smart Tactile Sensory Stimulation Clothing, 21st Turkish Neuroscience Conference, Virtual. Goncu-Berk, G. (2023). Future of Wearables: E-textiles and Smart Clothing, Royal College of Art, Textiles Department, London: UK. Goncu-Berk, G. (2023). Technology meets Fashion: Smart Textiles and Clothing, Costume Culture Association Annual Conference, Korea. Goncu-Berk, G. (2023). When Garments to more than Fashion: Wearables for Health and Wellbeing, COEH Builds Bridges: Algorithm based Work, Wearables & Surveillance, UC Davis Health Campus. Goncu-Berk, G., DeLong M. (2022).  Post Pandemic Accessible Pedagogy: The Case for Collaborative Online Class Resources for Trend Research and Forecasting. International Textile and Apparel Association 2022 Annual Conference, Denver: CO. Grace, G., Islam, M.M., Mandal, S., Limbaugh, D., Evaluating physical properties of textiles to use for digital textile assets in design. 2023 ITAA Annual Conference, Maryland, USA, November 8-11, 2023. Graciano, C. & Wu, Y. (2022). Undergraduate Research Award from the Office of Undergraduate Research & Creative Inquiry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States. Graciano, C. & Wu, Y. (2022, November). Protecting Women Who Protect Us: Designing Female-Specific Firefighting Personal Protective Turnout Coat & Pants. International Textile and Apparel Association Annual Conference. Denver, CO. October (2022 ITAA Paper of Distinction Award in the Undergraduate Research Track). Islam, M., Mandal, S., Chowdhury, I. Z., Agnew, R. J., Petrova, A., Schnitzler, E., Boorady, L. M., Studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure to wildland firefighters’ protective clothing. Institute of Textile Science Symposium 2023, Edmonton, Canada, March 7-8, 2023. Islam, M.M., Mandal, S., Schnitzler, E., Habeeb, A.M., Agnew, R. J., Petrova, A., Boorady, L. M., Studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure to wildland firefighters’ protective clothing. 2023 ITAA Annual Conference, Maryland, USA, November 8-11, 2023. Jo, J., & Park, H. (2022). Machine Embroidery Enclosure for Stretchable Fiber Optic Respiration       Sensor. 2022 Annual Conference of ITAA (International Textile and Apparel Association), Denver, CO. Jo, J., & Park, H. (2022). Machine Embroidery Enclosure for Stretchable Fiber Optic Respiration      Sensor. 2022 Annual Conference of ITAA (International Textile and Apparel Association), Denver, CO. LaPier, J., Blum, A., Brown, B., Kwiatkowski, C., Ray, H., Philips, B., and Sun, G. (2022) Evaluating the Performance of PFAS Finishes on Upholstery Fabrics, AATCC Textile Discovery Summit, Charlotte, NC, October 4-6, 2022. Li, R., Joshi, A., Xiang, C., & Song, G. (2022). Achieving high-performance protective gloves: effects of glove area factor and microclimate properties.  ACS WRM 2022, Las Vegas, NV, Oct 20-22. Li, R., Wu, Y., & Song, G. (2023). Firefighter Turnout Gloves: Holistic Evaluation of Protection, Comfort, and Dexterity. AATCC 2023 Textile Discovery Summit, Greenville, SC, USA, Sep 12-14. Lin, A., & Park, H. (2023). A Modular Framework for Smart Garment Design. 2023 Annual Conference of ITAA (International Textile and Apparel Association), Baltimore, MD. Luczak, T., Jackson, K., Neff, M., Freeman, F., Burch, R. F., Barlow, J., Chen, J., Lamberth, J., Chander, H., Ball, J., Nelsen, P., Parker, E., Middleton, C., Duclos, M., Taquino, M., & Grice, S. (2022). “The opportunity to collect kinetic forces during a round of golf using wearable devices: Single-person pilot study.” Paper presented at World Scientific Congress of Golf, Sioux Falls, SD. Maher, M., Goodge, K., Du Puis, J. L., Frey, M., Park, H., & Baytar, F. (2022). Cloth Face Mask     Fit and Function for Children: Sizing and Fit Analysis. 2022 Annual Conference of ITAA     (International Textile and Apparel Association), Denver, CO (Best paper award) Mandal, S., Chowdhury, I. Z., Agnew, R. J., Boorady, L. M., Petrova, A. (2023). Characterization of flame protective performance of textile fabrics used in firefighters’ bunker gear under different extreme fire environments. AUTEX 2023 International Conference, Melbourne, Australia, June 26-28. Mandal, S., Chowdhury, I. Z., Boorady, L. M., Agnew, R. J. (2023). Analysis of sweat moisture drying performance of fabrics used in workers’ protective clothing. AATCC Textile Discovery Summit, South Carolina, USA, September 12-14. Mandal, S., Nasrin, S., Islam, M., Petrova, A., Boorady, L. M., Agnew, R. J. (2023). Investigating the effect of structural properties on sweat drying performance in sportswear fabrics. AATCC Textile Discovery Summit, South Carolina, USA, September 12-14. Mazumder, S., Mandal, S. (2022) Characterizing the tensile strength of the fabric materials used in firefighters' protective clothing under radiant heat exposure. AATCC Virtual Showcase on Protective Textiles. November 8. McQuerry, M & Easter, E. (November 2022). Wildland firefighting personal protective clothing cleaning practices in the United States. 4th Global Summit on Future Materials Science and Research. Las Vegas, NV (virtual). McQuerry, M. & Kwon, C. (2022). Investigation of design, comfort, and mobility issues for female firefighter personal protective clothing. National Fire Protection Association, Fire Protection Research Foundation, Technical Panel. (presented virtually). McQuerry, M. & Kwon, C. (2022). The future of women’s gear: a comparison of NFPA 1971 and 1977 sizing standards to U.S. female firefighter anthropometrics. National Fire Protection Association, Fire Protection Research Foundation, 2022 Webinar Series. (virtual webinar). McQuerry, M. & Kwon, C. (2023). Women in the fire service and the female PPE study. International Association of Fire Fighters Redmond Health and Safety Symposium. New York City, New York. August 23. McQuerry, M. & Kwon, C. (March 2023). Outfitting Female Firefighters: Why female specific personal protective clothing is important for the fire service. 8th Biennial Fire Industry Education Resource Organization (FIERO) PPE Symposium. Greenville, SC. McQuerry, M. & Kwon, C. (May 2023). Evaluating female firefighter anthropometrics for improved mobility and design in personal protective clothing for the United States fire service. 10th European Conference on Protective Clothing (ECPC). Arnhem, the Netherlands. McQuerry, M. (2022). Equitable Sizing Standards for Female Firefighter PPE. Centers for Disease Control (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory (NPPTL), Equitable Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Protections Workshop. Invited Presenter/Panelist, (virtual). Nazmy, H., Hebert, P. R., Mandal, S., & Agnew, R. Considering textiles flammability tests in interior design education [Poster Presentation]. Environment and Health: Global/Local Challenges and Actions. Environmental Design Research Association 54th Annual Conference, Mexico City, Mexico, June 20-23, 2023. Purandare, S., Xiang, C., Li, R., & Song, G. (2022). ε-Poly-L-lysine/polyamide nanocomposite membrane for respiratory protective devices. ACS WRM 2022, Las Vegas, NV, Oct 20-22. Riedy, R. & McQuerry, M. (October 2022). Analyzing the heat loss of motorsports racing suits. International Textile and Apparel Association Conference. Denver, CO. Song, G, & Li, R. (2022). A convergent multidisciplinary approach for cold weather protection. ACS WRM 2022, Las Vegas, NV, Oct 20-22. Song, G., Wu, Y., & Li, R. (2023). Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Simulation for standardized PPE contamination using a cone calorimeter. 10th European Conference on Protective Clothing, Arnhem, Netherlands, May 9-12. Sun, G. (2022). Development of Antibacterial and Antiviral Fibrous Materials for Improved Personal Protection, ACS WRM (NC-170), Las Vegas, NV, October 21. Sun, G. (2022). Development of Antibacterial and Antiviral Textiles, IFAI Expo Functional Textile Symposium, Charlotte, NC. October 12, 2022 Sun, G. (2022). Developments of Textile Materials with Novel Biocidal and Chemical Detoxification Functions for Improved Personal Protection, Ulpas 11th Conference, Gebze Technical University, November 4, Turkey. Sun, G. (2022). Polymeric Fibers with Novel Antibacterial and Antiviral Functions, Golden Gate Polymer Forum, California, USA. July 19. Sun, G. (2022). Progresses in Sustainable and Eco-friendly Textiles, 2022 International Conference on Frontier Textile Research and Technologies, Donghua University, December 1-4. Shanghai China Sun, G. (2023). Developments of Functional Materials for Improved Personal Protection and Safety, Empa, St Gallen, Switzerland, May 25. Sun, G. (2023). Photo-Active Vitamins as Biocidal Agents for Improved Personal Protections, University of Auckland, New Zealand, March 13. Sun, G. (2023). Reusable and Rechargeable Biocidal Fibrous Materials for Improved Medical Protection, 38th International Conference of Plastic Processing Society, St Gallen, Switzerland, May 22-25. Talukder, A., Freeman, C., Chander, H., Burch, R., & Saucier, D. (2023). “Biological, physiological, and subjective perception assessment of personal flotation devices.” Poster presented at Mississippi Academy of Sciences Annual Meeting, Biloxi, MS. Tang, P. & Sun, G. (2022). Super Sorptive and Super Active Cotton Fabrics for Biological and Chemical Protections, AATCC Textile Discovery Summit, Charlotte, NC, October 4-6, 2022. Tushar, S. I., Mandal, S*., Chowdhury, I. Z., & Boorady, L. M. Developing a State-of-the-art Textile Laboratory: Utilizing the Maximum Space with Flexible Configuration. 2023 ITAA Annual Conference, Maryland, USA, November 8-11, 2023. Ul Islam, S., Zhang, Z., Sun, G. (2023). Reusable and Daylight Induced Antibacterial Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer Films, ACS 2023 Spring Meeting, Indianapolis, IN, USA, March 26-30. Wang, L., Zou, J., Sun, G. (2023). Development of Green, Reusable, and Self-Cleanable “ICE” Cubes to Reduce Temperature Abuse in Cold Chain, USDA A1364 Novel foods and Innovative Manufacturing Technologies, June 5-7, 2023. Wu, Y., Li, R., & Song, G. (2023). Investigation of the Reliability of a Smoke Generation System: A Preliminary Study. AATCC 2023 Textile Discovery Summit, Greenville, SC, USA, Sep 12-14. Yilmaz, C., Goncu-Berk, G. (2022). Resistance Intravehicular Activity Clothing for Microgravity, International Textile and Apparel Association 2022 Annual Conference, Denver: CO. Zhang, M., Li, R., & Song, G. (2023). A 2D Image-Based Anthropometric Measurements of Human Hands. AATCC 2023 Textile Discovery Summit, Greenville, SC, USA, Sep 12-14. Zhang, R., Fang, R., Fang, C., Homayoun, H., Goncu Berk, G. (2023). Privee: A Wearable for Real-Time Bladder Monitoring System. In Adjunct Proceedings of the 2023 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing & the 2023 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computing (pp. 291-295). Zhang, Z. & Sun, G. (2022) Vitamins suitable for preparation of daylight induced antibacterial and antiviral nanofibers and textiles, Fiber Society Fall Meeting, Raleigh, NC, October 19-21. Zhao, C. & Sun, G. (2022). Structural Features of Nanofibrous Membranes on Developments of Personal Use Biosensors, ACS Fall meeting, Chicago, August, 2022 Zong, W., Elangovan, T., McQuerry, M., Poley-Bogan M., Simonson, N., & Park, H. (October 2022). Recycled tent converted to a survival jacket for homeless people. International Textile and Apparel Association Conference. Denver, CO.   Funds Leveraged   Baytar, F. (PI). Development of protective coveralls for female farmworkers to use before, during, and after pregnancy, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, USDA, Amount Funded: $90,000, Period: October 2022 – September 2025.   Burch, R., Ball, J., Gurbuz, A., Strawderman, L., Knight, A., Smith, B., Wang, J., Burch, R., Hill, E., & Freeman, C. “MSU iCORPS Hub” Sponsored by the National Science Foundation, Federal, $140,001. Awarded, Contracted. (1/1/24 – 6/30/25).   Frey, M. (PI). (2023). Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future fast grant $10,000.   Goodge, K. (PI) (2023). AATCC dissertation research grant, $4000.   Griffin, L. (2022-2023) 3D Anthropometric Head Assessment and Respirator Design for Occupational Workers in the United States (MAES)   Griffin, L. (2022-2023) Kusske Design Initiative, Co-Principal: Linsey Griffin. Interdisciplinary design for PPE Development.   Griffin, L. (2023) U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Enhancing Firefighter Glove Fit and Performance: Design and Implementation of a Comprehensive Sizing and Analysis Tool Utilizing AI Aided Hand Measurements and Anthropometric Data.   Griffin, L. (2023) UMN-Toyota: Dynamic Hand 3D Anthropometry & Analysis   Jordan, J., Gelston, K., Bounds, C., McCall, T., Hill, E., & Freeman, C. “Regional Engines Developmental Program: SmartTech MS – Regional Manufacturing Automation and Industry 4.0.” Sponsored by the National Science Foundation, Federal, $1,000,000. Awarded, Contracted. (05/23 – 06/24).   Kundu, S., Freeman, C., & Elmore, B. “Enhancing and Validating the Performance of Bio-Based Polymers.” Sponsored by Mississippi Research Council, State, $87,400. Awarded, Contracted. (1/1/23 – 12/31/24).   Luczak, T., Burch, R., Ball, J., Chander, H., Freeman, C., Saucier, D. “The Smart Health Sock App: Improving Fall Detection to Reduce Injuries.” Sponsored by Mississippi Research Council, State, $87,400. Awarded, Contracted. (1/1/23 – 12/31/24).   Lui, H. (2022). CAREER: Processing Intrinsically Conductive Polymers for Fibers vis Side-by-Side Spinning”, National Science Federation, Funding Period: 3/2022 – 2/2027   Mandal, S. (2023). Article Processing Charge (APC) for publications MDPI Publisher, Switzerland. $900 (In-Kind). Mandal, S. (2023). Funding Application to Purchase and Equipment for Evaluating the Rain Protective Performance of Textile Fabrics – Rain Shower Tester (RST) College of Education and Human Sciences (CEHS) Resources, Equipment, Software and Technology (REST) Program $19,475.   Mandal, S. (2023). Funding Application to Purchase Knitting Machine OSU College of Human Sciences Technology Seed Funding. $44,663.   Mandal, S. (Co-PI) (2023). Investigating the Effects of Moisture and Airgap on Thermal Protective Performance of Protective Textiles under Different Heat Exposure AATCC Student Research Grant. $500   Mandal, S. (P.I.), Park., J. (Co-PI). (2023). “Farm-to-closet” sourcing from farmers to retailers: The role of cotton in the sustainable fashion movement. Cotton Incorporated Curriculum Grant, USA, $33,908.00.   Mandal, S.& Chowdhury, I. (2023). Presenting the Research work on Fire Textiles in India Don and Cathey Humphreys Travel Grant. $5,000.   Mandal, S.& Nasrin, S. (2023). Presenting the Research Work on Sportswear in India Don and Cathey Humphreys Travel Grant. $5,000.   McQuerry, M. (2022-2023). Dynamic Heat Flux Analysis of Heated Garments for Warfighters under Arctic Conditions. U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM). ($61,500).   McQuerry, M. (2023). Physiological Performance Analysis of Heated Garments for Warfighters under Arctic Conditions. Congressionally Directed Funding (Army). ($180,890).   McQuerry, M. (PI) & Kwon, C. (Co-PI). (9/20/20123-9/19/2026). Development of Novel Personal Protective Clothing Designs for Structural and Wildland Female Firefighters. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), FY 2022 Assistance to Firefighters Grant Program. ($1,539,374).   Mohammadi-Aragh, J., Seitz, H., Panse-Barone, C., Gillen, Z., Freeman, C., McCubbins, O.P. “Acquisition of Biomechanical Movement and Body Volumetric Baselining Technology Suite for Motion Capture Improvement and Sensor-based Validation of Lower Body Characteristics.” Sponsored by National Science Foundation, Federal, $770,000. Awarded, Contracted. (8/1/22 – 7/31/23).   Park, H. (PI). Smart Firegear Development Research with STEM Education Outreach Component for 4H groups PI: Park, H, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, USDA, Amount Funded: $156,966, Period: October 2022 – September 2025   Poley-Bogan, M.* (PI). & McQuerry, M. (Co-PI). (2023). Analysis of thermal comfort cooling mechanisms to combat heat stress in the construction industry. AATCC Student Research Foundation Grant Program. Faculty Advisor ($550).   Shaw, A. (2022-2023). NC-170 funds were leveraged to support the operator safety initiative coordinated by the International Center for PPE for Pesticide Operators (ICPPE), University of Maryland, Eastern Shore.   Xiang, C. (2022). Iowa Board of Regents, Regents Innovation Fund, Development of hand-specific thermoregulation model and systematic tool for PPE design and evaluation.   Xiang, C. (2022). U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Federal Emergency                          Management Agency (FEMA), Developing a systematic tool for contaminant protection and reducing exposure to contaminated PPE.   Xiang, C. (2023). 2023 National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health U01, A systematic approach to enhance extremity protection in Alaska fishing industry.   Xiang, C. (2023). Iowa Board of Regents, Innovation Acceleration Fund, Project NanoShield:   Advanced Material and Treatment Solutions for Fine Particle Exposure.   Xiang, C. (2023). U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Enhancing Firefighter Glove Fit and Performance: Design and Implementation of a Comprehensive Sizing and Analysis Tool Utilizing AI Aided Hand Measurements and Anthropometric Data.   California Continuously funded by USDA-NIFA (August, 2018-April, 2023) for colorimetric sensors for antibiotics in foods.   Continuously funded in 2020-2023 by “An Integrated Approach to Eliminate Cross-Contamination during Washing, Conveying, Handling and Packaging of Fresh Produce” May, 2015-April, 2023.   Continuously funded by USDA-NIFA (June, 2020-May, 2023) for development of reusable and green ice cubes.   Continuously funded by USDA-NIFA (May, 2020-April, 2023) for development of antimicrobial waxing agents for fruits and vegetables.   Funded by Center for Produce Safety (January 2021-December 2022) Bio-based antimicrobial coatings for reducing risk of cross-contamination during harvesting   Funded By CDC/NIOSH through Iowa State University (September 2021-August 2024) Biodegradable, reusable and antiviral facemask materials   Funded by UC Davis, Academic Senate, Collaborative Large Interdisciplinary Grant (July 2023-September 2024 for development of e-textile based bioimpedance spectroscopy system.