NC7: Conservation, Management, Enhancement and Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources

(Multistate Research Project)

Status: Active

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SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[09/25/2023] [09/19/2024]

Date of Annual Report: 09/25/2023

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 07/31/2023 - 08/01/2023
Period the Report Covers: 07/31/2022 - 08/01/2023

Participants

In person: Thomas Lübberstedt, David Brenner, Steve Cermak, Dipak Santra, David Peters, Jonathan Fresnedo Ramirez, Erik Sacks, Carolyn Lawrence-Dill, Laura Marek, Michael Stamm, David Baltensperger, Addie Thompson

Online: Gayle Volk, Jessica Shade, Burton Johnson, Charlie Fenster, Peter Brenning

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

NC7 RTAC Meeting Minutes 2023.pdf

Accomplishments

<h1>Plant Introduction Research Unit and the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station (NCRPIS):</h1> Obj 1: Development and utilization of diverse plant genetic resource (PGR) collections (germplasm) are essential, valuable sources of genetic diversity for use in scientific research, education, and crop improvement programs in the U.S. and internationally. The NCRPIS is a key element of the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS), specializing in heterozygous, heterogenous, outcrossing crops and their wild relatives of maize, vegetables, oilseeds, woody and herbaceous ornamentals, and a wide variety of crops such as amaranth, perilla, quinoa and more. For the past 74 years, the crop collections important to the North Central Region (NCR) have been supported through the partnerships with Hatch Multi-State Project NC-007, the USDA-Agricultural Research Service, the State Agricultural Experiment Stations of the NCR, and Iowa State University (ISU). These resources are used to improve crop production genetics and technologies to address challenges related to climate instability, changing abiotic and biotic stress pressures, demands for bioenergy resources, and to enhance the health and nutrition of society. Curatorial personnel acquire, maintain and conserve, phenotypically evaluate, genetically characterize, document, and distribute plant genetic resources and associated information. Collection development is a complex process, and depends on access to resources controlled by state, national, international, and both public and private entities. Identification of gaps in PGR collection representation is necessary to develop acquisition priorities, and gaps are addressed via exploration and/or exchange with other collections. Obj 2, 4, 5: Germplasm Acquisition, Maintenance and Distribution: The NCRPIS collection holds 55,117 accessions (54,650 in FY2022) growing by 467 accessions. In FY2023 to date, 40.055 items were distributed, comparable to the 45,468 items distributed in FY2022, reflecting a slight easing of demand due as the final impacts of the pandemic move out of the system. About 15,000 items are distributed annually for internal PGR management needs. In FY2023 to date 1,016 orders were received. The collections are 80% available. More than 1,500 seed health tests were performed to comply with phytosanitary import requirements associated with international maize and sunflower seed requests. Approximately 5,075 accessions were tested for viability as part of routine maintenance activities to ensure the quality of the collections. Backup seed lots were sent of 918 accessions to the National Laboratory for Genetic Resource Preservation (NLGRP) in Ft. Collins, CO; 84% of the collection is backed up. Approximately 1,359 accessions were grown for seed increase across all taxa, including perennials that will be maintained until seed increase goals are achieved, about a 20% decrease from 2022 plantings. This is below historical averages resulting from increasingly tight budgets and labor availability. Obj 3: Evaluation and Characterization: Observations for about 897 accessions and images for 2,020 accessions were loaded to the GRIN-Global (GG) database. Obj 4: Software Development: Our development staff released enhancements to various wizards used by genebank personnel to manage workflows and seamlessly integrate information in GG, and new Curator Tool versions. A new Attach Wizard enables a variety of file and record types to be associated with accessions / accession groups. These products support management of associated information, curatorial workflows, and public access to information associated with PGR that facilitates their use. All enhancements must be coordinated with changes made to the public GG website’s functionality. Obj 5: Tours were limited due to the pandemic. Professional findings were presented at scientific conferences and virtually to educators and other stakeholders. Curator outreach activities were directed to classrooms and interested public groups such as the Iowa Beekeepers and 4-H clubs. Development of learning objects and training materials for a Higher Education Challenge Grant has been completed. <h1>Accomplishments and Impacts – State Reports:</h1> Illinois (Sacks): No report submitted Indiana (Hoagland): A diverse group of faculty at Purdue University utilized resources from the National Germplasm Repository in their research programs over the past year. In particular, NC-7 participants, Lori Hoagland and Diane Wang used germplasm for research to investigate beneficial plant-microbial relationships and resistance to water stress, respectively. Work in the Hoagland Lab focused primarily on specialty crops, including carrot, tomato, kale, basil and quinoa, and the primary goal of her studies is to mediate pathogen and heavy metal stress by leveraging beneficial plant-soil-microbial relationships. The role of domestication of these crops on these microbiome-mediated processes is of particular focus in her lab. Work in the Wang Lab focused on identifying traits within rice germplasm with potential for mediating water stress. Both lab groups used Purdue’s new phenotyping facility to optimize the application of hyperspectral imaging in quantifying differences in these stress traits. Other faculty at Purdue who reported using resources from the National Plant Germplasm Repository were Mohsen Mohammadi, Yiwei Jiang, and Mitch Tuinstra. Work in the Mohammadi Lab is focused on identifying root traits in wheat with potential to help mediate water stress. Work within the Jiang Lab is investigating natural variations in perennial ryegrass for development and stress response traits and genes. Finally, work in the Tuinstra Lab was focused on developing maize and sorghum varieties with better adaptation to abiotic stress and is also developing new approaches to quantify these traits using imaging tools in the field. Iowa (Lübberstedt): The Lübberstedt research team’s efforts to understand the basis of spontaneous doubling of the haploid maize genome resulted in isolation of the first two plant genes, in Arabidopsis thaliana, with demonstrated impact on haploid male fertility (Aboobucker et al. 2023). Mutants in homologues of these genes (Parallel Spindle and Jason) are currently being evaluated in maize, to determine, whether the meiotic mechanism underlying this effect is conserved across a wide range of species for potential future application in crops. Haploid inducer development is ongoing in two PhD projects of Yu-Ru Chen (2023 graduation) and Vencke Gruening. The goal is to develop inducers with high haploid induction capability, but also to add other features such as high oil content for facilitated haploid selection or other novel applications. Moreover, agreements have been established with three partners to jointly develop tropicalized and regionally adapted inducers based on temperate ISU inducers. Those partners are located in Brazil (EMBRAPA), Ghana (WACCI), and Thailand (Khon Kaen University). These collaborations did already result in student and scientist exchange as well as joint publications (e.g., Dermail et al. 2022, 2023). Collaborations with the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project utilize doubled haploid (DH) technology to generate new germplasm suitable for both genetic investigations, and to adapt exotic maize resources to provide usable, temperate lines. Both BGEM lines as well as DH lines derived from the temperate adapted population BS39, which is topical materials photoperiod-adapted by Dr. Hallauer, are used in ongoing projects. One longer-term collaboration with Federal University of Vicosa in Brazil (Prof. Lima) is evaluating wide adaption of testcross hybrids of BS39 to environments both in the U.S. and Brazil. 200 genotyped BS39-derived lines were shared with Prof. Lima’s group for this purpose. In addition, various PhD students from Prof. Lima have been able to obtain fellowships to spend 6-12 months at ISU to work on collaborative projects. The BS39-derived materials are currently further advanced, and improved lines developed in USDA OREI projects, and in the frame of the ongoing USDA SAS project RegenPGC (<a href="https://www.regenpgc.org/">https://www.regenpgc.org/</a>), which aims at introducing perennial ground cover into current corn and soybean production fields in Midwest U.S. Kansas (Stamm): The canola, soybean, and wheat breeding programs at Kansas State University participate in continued germplasm enrichment by utilizing the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System and respective regional plant introduction centers. For example, the canola breeding program is proactively introgressing clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) resistance from PI 443015 into select germplasm and elite lines. The soybean program is routinely phenotyping unique PI lines for response to heat stress to understand the genetic and physiological mechanisms of heat tolerance in soybean. Simultaneous improvements of wheat yield and quality have challenged wheat breeders for decades. Wheat wild relatives provide a treasure trove of untapped genetic potential to enhance key characteristics of bread wheat. The wheat breeding program is actively using Aegilops tauschii, Ambylopyrum mutica, Triticum dicoccoides and Ae. ventricosa to address challenging biotic and abioitic stresses in T. aestivum and to explore the potential for improving wheat quality and nutritional traits. Michigan (Grumet): Our major activities are to characterize and utilize NPGS germplasm.  Genetic analysis, including DNA sequencing, allows us to identify and understand diversity present in the collections and provides information critical to map important traits onto chromosomes and identify useful candidate genes.  Phenotypic analysis allows us to find new sources from the collections that contain valuable traits such as resistances to diseases or environmental stresses, improved seed processing and nutritional qualities, or plant growth characteristics to enhance yield.  We utilize genetic information about individual accessions combined with genetic crosses to identify DNA regions associated with the trait, and to develop makers to facilitate efficient transfer of the trait.  The germplasm and identified markers are then used in plant breeding programs to transfer useful traits into valuable cultivars for farmers.  Specific examples as evidenced by our publications in the past year include characterizing maize genetic diversity and its interaction with environment for yield prediction; genetic characterization of drought responses in maize, sorghum, and resurrection grasses; examination of morphological and genetic diversity of cucumber fruit development; genetic characterization of common bean breeding lines and analysis of common bean diversity for nutritional and cooking characteristics; examining effect of self-compatibility factors for potato breeding and development of diploid potato germplasm; exploring the role of allopolyploidy in genomic diversity; genomic analysis of sour cherry; diversity analysis for bloom time in apple; and identification of QTL for Pythium resistance in soybean, Phytophthora resistance in cucumber, and introgression of rust resistance into wheat. Minnesota (Lorenz): The University of Minnesota Soybean Breeding Program is accessing the wide range of genetic variation contained on the soybean collection in several ways. This past year we accessed 20 accessions with putative tolerance to chewing insects to initiate studies on soybean resistance to Japanese Beetle, a potential up-and-coming pest. A good range of variation was observed, with two accessions (PI 171451 and PI 229358) showing very good resistance, with area consumed being only one-third of the check. Another example is an era study on changes in shoot architecture in soybean accompanying yield. We accessed over 50 varieties from the germplasm collection that were released in different decades and studied changes in shoot morphology that occurred through time. Data analysis and interpretation is underway, but it appears traits such as branching distribution and petiole length distribution down the main stem were significantly affected. Studies such as these, using these invaluable germplasm resources, will allow us to improve pest resistance and yield in the future. Missouri (Flint-Garcia): Sherry Flint-Garcia – Maize: The Flint-Garcia lab (USDA-ARS in Columbia, MO) continues to investigate teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) and landraces (AKA heirloom varieties) as a source of novel and useful alleles to improve maize.  Landraces can be viewed as similar to heirloom varieties in other crops and provide genes and traits that were eliminated from modern maize breeding pools. Our lab’s most focus is to explore human food quality traits in maize by evaluating flavor, aroma, texture, and key target metabolites in seeds of and in food products from heirloom corn varieties. We were recently awarded a USDA-NIFA-AFRI grant to characterize the 1000 “Maize Heirloom Varieties of the United States” at both the genotypic and phenotypic level.  The heirlooms will be grown in replicated field trials in Missouri and North Carolina (co-PD Jim Holland, USDA-ARS) starting in summer 2024. An array of phenotypes will be collected including 1) manually collected traits which reflect adaptation and can be used to target germplasm to specific growing regions; 2) weekly UAV-based phenotypes (coordinated by co-PDs Jacob Washburn, USDA-ARS in Columbia MO, and Joe Gage, NCSU) which are closely correlated with crop productivity; 3) image based ear and kernel data  aligned with prior characterization of other landrace collections; 4) NIR-estimated starch and protein content in the grain; and 5) grain test weight and kernel hardness which are physical grain quality traits important for processing food and feed. A subset of 450 heirlooms will be selected for genotyping in order to conduct cluster analysis, establish a phylogeny and phylogenetic networks, analyze diversity, and establish relationships between U.S. heirlooms and representative Mexican heirlooms. Sherry Flint-Garcia and Jacob Washburn – Maize: The CERCA (Circular Economy that Reimagines Corn Agriculture) project is a large multi-institutional project aimed at transforming US grain farmland into a net-negative component of a circular bioeconomy and reducing global greenhouse gases, by converting maize to an earlier season annual with reduced environmental impacts through increased uptake and recycling of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus fertilizer.  There are numerous aspects of the CERCA Project, but only those related to maize work by USDA-ARS in Columbia, MO will be mentioned here.  The Flint-Garcia lab is working to reduce the N content of the grain by reducing protein from ~8% to ~4%, which will reduce the amount of N fertilizer applied and reduce the N content in animal waste.  We are taking numerous targeted approaches to reduce protein by examining N transporters in the plant, N sink in the grain, and protein synthesis machinery in the grain. We are also taking several untargeted approaches to reducing grain N by screening natural variation (maize germplasm from NPGS/NC7) and conducting selection for low grain N in numerous breeding populations.  The Washburn lab is working to develop corn that can survive and thrive in early season plantings by conducting experiments in the field, growth chamber, greenhouse and lab to determine how different corn genotypes (e.g. highland maize landraces) and corn wild relatives perform photosynthesis under cold conditions and identify genes, pathways, and mechanisms for breeding, engineering, and testing in elite maize cultivars.  For all aspects of the CERCA project, germplasm from NCRPIS/NPGS will be screened for desirable traits and used as parents in mapping populations and breeding populations. Nebraska (Santra) <h2>In 2023, 71 Proso millet accessions were planted for the first time at Lincoln for adoptability in the eastern Nebraska environment and 204 germplasm were planted at Scottsbluff. The germplasm grew well at Lincoln and produced mature seed. Many genotypes had foliar diseases of both fungal and bacterial. The seed was harvested on August 24, 2023. This showed that Proso millet was adopted in eastern Nebraska. The accessions grown in Scottsbluff grew well and mature seed was harvested.</h2> North Dakota (Johnson): Current new crop evaluations include industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), open-pollinated white grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), and ‘Kernza’ intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium). Among these, only industrial hemp has been grown commercially with first grower grain production in 2016 at 28 ha, production peaking in the following several years approaching 1620 ha, and since 2020 declining hectarage to near 160. Open-pollinated white sorghum genotypes continue to be explored for small community farm plots with encouraging results, whereas Kernza is still undergoing university test-plot evaluations. Seed stocks for several crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst.) varieties were increased again in 2023 as in the past two growing seasons due to declining seed quality and dwindling to almost exhausted seed inventories. Crambe variety trial results for the 2023 growing season ranged from 1960 to 2500 kg/ha among four varieties grown at the Prosper field research location with an early June planting date. Renewed interest in crambe as a cover crop component and for intercropping were initiated in 2022 and continued in 2023. Crambe and other Brassica oilseeds canola (Brassica napus L.) and camelina (Camelina sativa L.) were grown in two-crop intercrop combinations in mixed- and alternating-row arrangements at several seeding rates at the Prosper location to determine land equivalent ratios and the possibility of overyielding. Variety releases from the North Dakota Expt. Station for 2023 include ‘ND Stanley’ durum (Triticum turgidum L.), ‘ND Heron’ hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), ‘ND Treasure’ barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and ‘ND Spilde’ and ‘ND Carson’ oat (Avena sativa L.). Ohio (Fresnedo-Ramirez): During 2023, the Ohio Ag Experiment Station has continued working on the characterization, utilization, and improvement of genetic resources and related genetic/genomic information. This research and development targets both staple and specialty crops, as well as plant species that affect the production of such crops. Thus, in the last year, compilations addressing the development of resources around the epigenetics of almond have been published. Another focus point is research on using improved germplasm and understanding how working on the nutritional quality of crops may influence human health, such as the effects of tomato composition on gut microbiome. Also, in Solanaceae, the characterization of genetic resources in chili pepper has enabled a more comprehensive understanding of the diversity of this group of plants from the perspective of their population structure. Addressing the origin of non-crop plant species with relevance in agriculture, our work to understand the origin and evolution of the weediness of ragweed has enabled us to understand their multiple origins and mechanisms. In terms of staple crops, a very relevant study on the effect of consecutive cycles of genomic selection on the wheat genome has enabled another point of view on the implementation of this approach in wheat and the breeding of other crops. Our work on staple crops has also had an impact overseas. A comprehensive work on understanding yields and performance trends in pre-commercial maize germplasm has shed light on the genetic resources available in Uganda. During the year 2024, it is expected that the efforts around the active domestication and breeding programs at Ohio State will continue contributing to expanded knowledge on several crops and allied plant species. The joining of Dr. Yu Ma as director of the Ornamental Plant Germplasm Center (OPGC) in August 2023 elevates expectations on the research and activities that the OPGC will perform starting in 2024 while also adding expertise and perspective to the NC-7. South Dakota (Caffe): Yellow-flowered alfalfa PGR were evaluated in the field and in the greenhouse. Several accessions were identified with desirable characteristics which will be used in pre-breeding to improve alfalfa persistence in rangelands and adaptation to the Northern Great Plains. A new project was initiated which consisted of evaluating spring barley germplasm for Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) resistance. While small grains can help diversify crop production in South Dakota and improve soil health, FHB resistance is necessary to produce barley in the state. Finally, oat PGR with good winter survival was used in crossing for the development of oat breeding lines with improved winter hardiness. Wisconsin (Tracy): Maize is an important crop in Wisconsin and supports many aspects of Wisconsin’s diverse agriculture. Annually over 4 million acres of field maize are grown in Wisconsin. The farm gate value in 2022 was 3.5 billon. The corn crop underpins the state $32 billion dairy industry. About 900,000 acres of corn is harvested for corn silage. The remaining production is used mainly for animal feed and ethanol production, although a portion is processed into human fand pet food. Sweet corn is an important vegetable used in both U.S. fresh market and processing industries. Wisconsin ranks third in processed sweet corn production and the total sweet corn crop has a farm gate value of roughly 70 million. Given the economic importance of maize in Wisconsin and the long tradition of excellence in maize research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Agricultural and Life Sciences supports a number of faculty members studying and improving maize. Professor JM Ane, Departments of Bacteriology and Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences Objectives: Our laboratory seeks to understand and manipulate the molecular mechanism controlling symbiotic associations between plants and microbes. We transfer information gained from model plants such as Medicago truncatula to crops such as soybean, rice, and corn in order to take full advantage of the fantastic opportunities offered by these beneficial associations to our agriculture. Our goal is to use microbes better to maintain the sustainability of our agriculture by protecting the environment over the long term and reducing costs for food, feed, and biofuel production. Professor N de Leon: Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences Objectives: The UW Corn Silage and Biofeedstock Breeding Program, includes one of the only silage breeding programs in the U.S. public sector. The goal of her research is to identify efficient mechanisms to better understand the genetic constitution of economically relevant traits in maize and to improve plant breeding efficiency. Her research integrates genomic, phenomic, and environmental information to accelerate translational research for enhanced sustainable crop productivity. Professor SM Kaeppler: Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences Objectives: Breeding, genetics, and genomics research in maize with focus on early maturity cultivars, nutrient acquisition and use efficiency, stress tolerance, and grain and stover composition. Basic research includes epigenetics and genome biology. Professor WF Tracy: Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences Objectives: Sweet corn breeding and genetics for quality, productivity, and pest resistance. Breeding for organic and participatory systems. Genetics, genomics, biochemistry, and modification of endosperm starch biosynthesis and the effects on quality, germination, and cold tolerance. Origins and history of sweet corn.

Publications

<h1>Illinois</h1> Banerjee S, Singh R, Eilts K, Sacks EJ, Singh V. 2022. Valorization of Miscanthus x giganteus for sustainable recovery of anthocyanins and enhanced production of sugars. Journal of Cleaner Production. 369:133508. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clepro.2022.133508">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clepro.2022.133508</a> Njuguna JN, Clark LV, Anzoua KG, Bagmet L, Chebukin P, Dwiyanti MS, Dzyukenko E, Dzyubenko N, Ghimire BK, Jin X, Johnson DA, Jorgensen U, Kjeldsen JB, Nagano H, Peng J, Petersen KK, Sabitov A, Seong ES, Yamada T, Yoo JH, Yu CY, Zhao H, Long SP, Sacks EJ. 2023. Biomass yield in a genetically diverse Miscanthus sacchariflorus germplasm panel phenotyped at five locations in Asia, North America, and Europe. GCB Bioenergy. 00:1-21. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.13043">https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.13043</a> Palma-Salgado S, Ku KM, Juvick JA, Nguyen TH, Feng H. 2023. Artificial phylloplanes resembling physicochemical characteristics of selected fresh produce and their potential use in bacterial attachment/removal studies. Food Control. 149:109730. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109730">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109730</a> Paulsmeyer MN, Juvik JA. 2023. Increasing aleurone layer number and pericarp yield for elevated nutrient content in maize. G3 Journal. 13:jkad085. <a href="https://doi.org/10/1093/g3journal/jkad085">https://doi.org/10/1093/g3journal/jkad085</a> Paulsmeyer MN, Juvik JA. 2023. R3-MYB repressor Mybr97 is a candidate gene associated with the Anthocyanin3 locus and enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in maize. Theor Appl Genet. 136:55. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-023-04275-4">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-023-04275-4</a> Sakhale SA, Yadav S, Clark LV, Lipka AE, Kumar A, Sacks EJ. 2023. Genome-wide association analysis for emergence of deeply sown rice (Oryza sativa) reveals novel aus-specific phytohormone candidate genes for adaptation to dry-direct seeding in the field. Front. in Plant Sci. 12:1172816. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1172816">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1172816</a> Trieu A, Belaffif MB, Hirannaiah P, Manjunatha S, Wood R, Bathula Y, Billingsley RL, Arpan A, Sacks EJ, Clemente TE, Moose SP, Reichert NA, Swaminathan K. 2022. Transformation and gene editing in the bioenergy grass Miscanthus. Biotechnol Biofuels. 15:148. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-022-02241-8">https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-022-02241-8</a> Varela S, Zheng X, Njuguna JN, Sacks EJ, Allen DP, Ruhter J, Leakey ADB. 2022. Deep convolutional neural networks exploit high-spatial-and temporal-resolution aerial imagery to phenotype key traits in Miscanthus. Remote Sensing. 14:5333. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215333">https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215333</a> Zhang S, Huang G, Zhang Y, Lv X, Wan K, Liang J, Feng Y, Dao J, Wu S, Zhang L, Yang X, Lian X, Huang L, Shao L, Zhang J, Qin S, Tao D, Crews TE, Sacks EJ, Wade LJ, Hu F. 2022. Sustained productivity and agronomic potential of perennial rice. Nature Sustainability. 6:28-38. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-002-00997-3">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-002-00997-3</a> <h1>Indiana</h1> Bessho-Uehara K, Masuda K, Wang DR, Angeles-Shim RB, Obara K, Nagai K, Murase R, Aoki S, Furuta T, Miura K, Wu J, Yamagata Y, Yasui H, Kantar MB, Yoshimura A, Kamura T, McCouch SR, Ashikiri. 2023. Regulator of Awn Elongation 3, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is responsible for loss of awns during African rice domestication. PNAS. 120:e2207105120. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2207105120">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2207105120</a> Diatta-Holgate E, Hugghis E, Weil C, Faye JM, Danquah A, Diatta C, Tongoona P, Danquah EY, Cisse N, Tuinstra MR. 2022. Natural variability for protein digestibility and grain quality traits in a West African Sorghum Association Panel. Journal Cereal Sci. p.103504. <a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%2Fj.jcs.2022.103504&data=05%7C01%7Clhoaglan%40purdue.edu%7C818e983f32564dd79a4608dbb86b5465%7C4130bd397c53419cb1e58758d6d63f21%7C0%7C0%7C638306543334539389%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=3Exj1e7p9ob4imOitiucx6R0CLT2AAoMQyf%2FTdHxVFU%3D&reserved=0">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103504</a> Lin M, Lynch V, Ma D, Maki H, Jin J, Tuinstra MR. 2022. Multi-species prediction of physiological traits with hyperspectral modeling. Plants. 11:676. <a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3390%2Fplants11050676&data=05%7C01%7Clhoaglan%40purdue.edu%7C818e983f32564dd79a4608dbb86b5465%7C4130bd397c53419cb1e58758d6d63f21%7C0%7C0%7C638306543334539389%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=TGK61t0EVgH6x5rnCBSIOk7Kk4ZGbuOONkJEWIobYG0%3D&reserved=0">https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11050676</a>. Marghoob MU, Rodriquez-Sanchez A, Imran A, Mubeen F, Hoagland L. 2022. Diversity and functional traits of indigenous soil microbial flora associated with salinity and heavy metal concentrations in agricultural fields within the Indus Basin region, Pakistan. Front. in Microbiol. 13:1020175. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1020175">https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1020175</a> Nepal N, Condori-Apfata JA, Gaire R, Anco ME, Scofield S, Zhang C, Mohammadi M. 2023. Phenotypic and genotypic resources for the USDA quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) genebank accessions. Crop Sci. 63(5):2685-2698. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21037">https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21037</a> Pathak H, Buckmaster D, Messina C, Wang D. 2023. Crop growth model: Optimal application of nitrogen fertilizer in corn for economic returns and environmental sustainability. ASABE Annual Meetings. 2300421. <a href="https://doi.org/10.13031/aim.202300421">https://doi.org/10.13031/aim.202300421</a> Rizi MS, Mohammadi M. 2023. Breeding crops for enhanced roots to mitigate against climate change without compromising yield. Rhizosphere. 26:100702. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2023.100702">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2023.100702</a> Simons J, Herbert T, Kauffman C, Batete M, Simpson A, Katsuki Y, Le D, Amundson D, Buescher E, Weil C, Tuinstra MR, Addo-Quaye C. 2022. Systematic prediction of EMS-induced mutations in a sorghum mutant population. Plant Direct. 6(5):e404. <a href="https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%2Fpld3.404&data=05%7C01%7Clhoaglan%40purdue.edu%7C818e983f32564dd79a4608dbb86b5465%7C4130bd397c53419cb1e58758d6d63f21%7C0%7C0%7C638306543334539389%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=l3%2BA9JX5X6N1uB2R6OapANH9YS%2Bsd1Z211riyqoRanA%3D&reserved=0">https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.404</a> Souza A, Rojas MZ, Yang Y, Lee L, Hoagland L. 2022. Classifying cadmium contaminated leafy vegetables using hyperspectral imaging and machine learning. Heliyon. 8:e12256. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12256">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12256</a> Ting T, Souza A, Imel R, Guadagno CR, Hoagland C, Yang Y, Wang DR. 2023. Quantifying physiological trait variation with automated hyperspectral imaging in rice. 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Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems. 38:e38. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170523000340">https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170523000340</a> Rahman M, Hoque A. 2023. Flax Breeding. In: You FM, Fofana B (eds) The Flax Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer Cham. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16061-5_4">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16061-5_4</a> Shaikh TM, Rahman M, Smith T, Anderson JV, Chao WS, Horvath DP. 2023. Homozygosity mapping identified loci and candidate genes responsible for freezing tolerance in Camelina sativa. The Plant Genome. 16(2):e20318. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.20318">https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.20318</a> Simons KJ, Schroder S, Oladzad A, McClean PE, Conner RL, Penner WC, Stoesz DB, Osorno JM. 2022. Modified screening method of middle American dry bean genotypes reveals new genomic regions on Pv10 associated with anthracnose resistance. Front. in Plant Sci. 15:1015583. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1015583">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1015583</a> Stefaniak TR, Miller J, Jones CR, Miller M, Yusuf M, Harder MA, Larsen JC, Schmitz CA, Carley D, Haagenson A, Thompson TE, Michaels C, Thill, Shannon LM. 2023. Polaris Gold: An attractive, yellow-fleshed tablestock cultivar with chipping potential. American Journal of Potato Research. 100:71-78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-022-09896-x <h1>Ohio</h1> Arguello-Blanco MN, Sneller CH. 2023. The effect of cycles of genomic selection on the wheat (T. aestivum) genome. Theor Appl Genet. 136:70. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-023-04279-0">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-023-04279-0</a> Asea G, Kwemoi DB, Sneller C, Kasozi CL, Das B, Musundire L, Makumbi D, Beyene Y and Prasanna BM. 2023. Genetic trends for yield and key agronomic traits in pre-commercial and commercial maize varieties between 2008 and 2020 in Uganda. Front. in Plant Sci. 14:1020667. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1020667">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1020667</a> Fresnedo-Ramirez J, Anderson ES, D’Amico-Willman K, Gradziel TM. 2023. A review of plant epigenetics through the lens of almond. The Plant Genome. e20367. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.20367">https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.20367</a> Fresnedo-Ramirez J, Anderson ES, D’Amico-Willman K, Gradziel TM. 2023. Epigenetic regulation in Almond. In Sanchez-Perez R, Fernandez MA, Martinez-Gomez P (eds). The Almond Tree Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30302-0_5">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30302-0_5</a> Goggans ML, Bilbrey EA, Quiroz-Moreno CD, Francis DM, Jacobi SK, Kovac J, Cooperstone JL. 2022. Short-Term Tomato Consumption Alters the Pig Gut Microbiome toward a More Favorable Profile. Microbiology Spectrum. 10:6. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02506-22">https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02506-22</a> Li B, Gschwend AR, Hovick SM, Guteck A, McHale L, Harrison SK, Regnier EE. 2022. Evolution of weedy giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida): Multiple origins and gene expression variability facilitates weediness. Ecology and Evolution. 12:9590. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9590">https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9590</a> McCoy J, Martínez-Ainsworth N, Bernau V, Scheppler H, Hedblom G, Adhikari A, McCormick A, Kantar M, McHale L, Jardón-Barbolla L, Mercer KL, Baumler D. 2023. Population structure in diverse pepper (Capsicum spp.) accessions. BMC Res Notes. 16:20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-023-06293-3">https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-023-06293-3</a> <h1>South Dakota</h1> Brzozowski LJ, Campbell MT, Hu H, Yao L, Caffe M, Gutierrez L, Smith KP, Sorrells ME, Gore MA, Jannink JL. 2023. Genomic prediction of seed nutritional traits in biparental families of oat (Avena sativa). The Plant Genome. e20370. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.20370">https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.20370</a> Caffe M, Hall L, Hall N, Bauer R, Kleinjan J, Graham C, Ingemansen JA, Turnipseed B, Krishnan P. 2023. Registration of oat cultivar ‘Rushmore’. J of Plant Reg. 17(2):247-254. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/plr2.20282">https://doi.org/10.1002/plr2.20282</a> Casler MD, Lee D, Mitchell RB, Moore KJ, Adler PR, Sulc RM, Johnson KD, Kallenbach RL, Boe AR, Mathison RD, Cassida KA, Min D, Zhang Y, Ong RG, Sato TK. 2023. Biomass quality responses to selection for increased biomass yield in perennial energy grasses. BioEnergy Research. 16:877-885. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-022-10513-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-022-10513-2</a> <h1>Wisconsin</h1> Adak A, Murray SC, Calderón CI, Infante V, Wilker J, Varela JI, Subramanian N, Isakeit T, Ané JM, Wallace J, De Leon N, Johnson C. 2023. Genetic Mapping and Prediction for Novel Lesion Mimic in Maize Demonstrates Quantitative Effects from Genetic Background, Environment and Epistasis. Theor and Appl Genet. 136:155. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-023-04394-y">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-023-04394-y</a> Branch CA, Tracy WF. 2023. Divergent selection for timing of vegetative phase change. Crop Sci. 63(4):2196-2204. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21016">https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21016</a> Choquette NE, Holland JB, Weldekidan T, Drouault J, de Leon N, Flint-Garcia S, Lauter N, Murray SC, Xu W, Wisser RJ. 2023. Environment-specific selection alters flowering-time plasticity and results in pervasive pleiotropic responses in maize. New Phytologist. 238:737-749. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18769">https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18769</a> Colley MC, Dawson JC, McCluskey C, Myers JR, Tracy WF, Lammerts van Bueren ET. 2022. Exploring the emergence of participatory plant breeding in countries of the global North. The Journal of Agricultural Sci. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859621000782">https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859621000782</a> Colley MC, Tracy WF, Lammerts van Bueren E, Diffley M, Almekinders C. 2022. How the seed of participatory plant breeding found its way in the world through adaptive management. Sustainability. 14:2132. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042132">https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042132</a> Kick DR, Wallace JG, Schnable JC, Kolkman JM, Alaca B, Beissing TM, Edwards J, Ertl D, Flint-Garcia S, Gage JL, Hirsch CN, Knoll JE, de Leon N, Lima DC, Moreta DE, Singh MP, Thompson A, Weldekidan T, Washburn JD. 2023. Yield prediction through integration of genetic, environmental, and management data through deep learning. G3 Journal. 13:jkad006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkad006">https://doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkad006</a> Kumar R, Brar MS, Kunduru B, Ackerman AJ, Yang Y, Luo F, Saski CA, Bridges WC, de Leon N, McMahan C, Kaeppler SM, Sekhon RS. 2023. Genetic architecture of source-sink-regulated senescence in maize. Plant Physiology. kiad460. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiad460">https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiad460</a> Lima DC, Castro Aveles A, Alpers RT, McFarland BA, Kaeppler S, Ertl D, Romay MC, Gage JL, Holland J, Beissinger T, Bohn M, Buckler E, Edwards J, Flint-Garcia S, Hirsch CN, Hood E, Hooker DC, Knoll JE, Kolkman JM, Liu S, McKay J, Minyo R, Moreta DE, Murray SC, Nelson R, Schnable JC, Sekhon RS, Singh MP, Thomison P, Thompson A, Tuinstra M, Wallace J, Washburn JD, Wldekidan T, Wisser RJ, Xu W, de Leon N. 2023. 2018-2019 field seasons of the Maize Genomes to Fields (G2F) G x E project. BMC Genomic Data. 24:29. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-023-01129-2">https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-023-01129-2</a> Lima DC, de Leon N, Kaeppler SM. 2023. Utility of anthesis-silking interval information to predict grain yield under water and nitrogen limited conditions. Crop Sci. 63(1):151-163. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20854">https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20854</a> Lima DC, Washburn JD, Verela JI, Chen Q, Gage JL, Romay MC, Holland J, Ertl D, Lopez-Cruz M, Aguate FM, de los Campos G, Kaeppler S, Beissinger T, Bohn M, Buckler E, Edwards J, Flint-Garcia S, Gore MA, Hirsch CN, Knoll JE, McKay J, Minyo R, Murray SC, Ortez OA, Schnable JC, Sekhon RS, Singh MP, Sparks EE, Thompson A, Tuinstra M, Wallace J, Weldekidan T, Xu W, de Leon N. 2023. Genomes to Fields 2022 maize genotype by environment prediction competition. BMC Research Notes. 16:148. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-023-06421-z">https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-023-06421-z</a> McFarland FL, Collier R, Walter N, Martinell B, Kaeppler SM, Kaeppler HF. 2023. A key to totipotency: Wuschel-like homeobox 2a unlocks embryogenic culture response in maize (Zea mays L.). Plant Biotech Journal. 21(9):1860-1872. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.14098">https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.14098</a> Pankievicz CVS, Delaux PM, Infante V, Hirsch HH, Rajasekar S, Zamora P, Jayaraman D, Calderon CI, Bennett A, Ané JM. 2022. Nitrogen fixation and mucilage production on maize aerial roots is controlled by aerial root development and border cell functions. Front. in Plant Sci. 13:977056. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.977056">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.977056</a> Schoemaker DL, McFarland F, Marinell B, Michel KJ, Mathews L, O’Brian D, de Leon N, Kaeppler HF, Kaeppler SM. 2023. A practical method to improve the efficiency of pollination in maize breeding and genetics research. Crop Sci. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21049">https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21049</a> Van Gelder K, Oliveira-Filho ER, Messina CD, Venado RE, Wilker J, Rajasekar S, Ane JM, Amthor JS, Hanson AD. 2023. 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The impact of post-harvest storage on sweet corn aroma. Phytochemistry Letters. 52:33-39. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2022.09.001">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2022.09.001</a>

Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 09/19/2024

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 07/09/2024 - 07/10/2024
Period the Report Covers: 08/01/2024 - 08/31/2024

Participants

For the first time, the NC7 Regional Technical Advisory Committee 2024 meeting was a fully virtual event. Participants were: Carolyn Lawrence-Dill (NC7 administrative advisor, IA), Laura Marek (NC7 project director, IA), Aaron Lorenz (host, MN), Thomas Lübberstedt (secretary, IA), William Behling, Krishna Bhattari, David Baltensperger (TX), Melanie Coffee (SD), Steve Cermak (NCAUR), Jode Edwards (acting RL NCRPIS IA), Roque Evangelista (NCAUR), Burton Johnson (ND), Gary Kinard (NGRL), Kendall Lamkey (IA), Yu Ma (OH), Qi Mu, John Park, Dipak Santra (NE), Margaret Smith, Addie Thompson (MI), Christian Tobias (NIFA), Bill Tracy (WI), Gayle Volk (acting NPL Genetic Resources and representative for NLGRP), Wenwei Xu, NCRPIS curators in the PI conference room: Vivian Bernau, Jeff Carstens, Laura Marek, Mark Millard, Kathleen Reitsma.
Invited germplasm seminars: Kevin Smith MN, Andrew Hokanson ISU

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

Plant Introduction Research Unit and the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station (NCRPIS): Obj 1: Development and utilization of diverse plant genetic resource (PGR) collections (germplasm) are essential, valuable sources of genetic diversity for use in scientific research, education, and crop improvement programs in the U.S. and internationally. The NCRPIS is a key element of the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS), specializing in heterozygous, heterogenous, outcrossing crops and their wild relatives of maize, vegetables, oilseeds, woody and herbaceous ornamentals, and a wide variety of crops such as amaranth, perilla, quinoa and more. For the past 75 years, the crop collections important to the North Central Region (NCR) have been supported through the partnerships with Hatch Multi-State Project NC-007, the USDA-Agricultural Research Service, the State Agricultural Experiment Stations of the NCR, and Iowa State University (ISU). These resources are used to improve crop production genetics and technologies to address challenges related to climate instability, changing abiotic and biotic stress pressures, demands for bioenergy resources, and to enhance the health and nutrition of society. Curatorial personnel acquire, maintain and conserve, phenotypically evaluate, genetically characterize, document, and distribute plant genetic resources and associated information. Collection development is a complex process and depends on access to resources controlled by public and private state, national, international entities. Identification of gaps in PGR collection representation is necessary to develop acquisition priorities, and gaps are addressed via exploration and/or exchange with other collections. Obj 2, 4, 5: Germplasm Acquisition, Maintenance and Distribution: The NCRPIS collection holds 55,187 active accessions (55,117 in 2023). In 2024 to date, 22,312 items have been distributed year to date, compared with 40,055 items distributed in all of 2023. To date in 2024, 3176 items were distributed for the internal PGR management needs of viability and pathogen testing, back up orders shipped to Ft Collins and regenerations. In 2024 to date 789 distribution orders have been shipped. 316 (40%) of the YTD 2024 orders were made by researchers in the 12 NC7 RTAC states. 141 orders (18%) were made by researchers at international locations. The NCRPIS collections are 80% available. More than 500 seed health tests have been performed to comply with phytosanitary import requirements associated with international maize and sunflower seed requests. Approximately 1500 accessions have been tested for viability as part of routine maintenance activities to ensure the quality of the collections. Backup seed lots have been sent of 733 accessions to the National Laboratory for Genetic Resource Preservation (NLGRP) in Ft. Collins, CO; 84% of the NCRPIS collections are backed up.at Ft Collins. Approximately 336 accessions were grown for seed increase across all taxa, including perennials that will be maintained until seed increase goals are achieved. This is well below historical averages at the NCRPIS and the low volume of regenerations results from a change in USDA budget management which has affected the number of temporary labor positions that could be filled and from three vacant technician positions (two funded by NC7 money, one by the USDA) and one vacant farm management post (funded by NC7 money) to help manage field and processing work. Replacements for three of the open positions are being actively sought. A portion of the NC7 salary money not being spent for technicians was used to fund temporary labor during the spring and summer 2024. Obj 3: Evaluation and Characterization: Observations for about 10,000 accessions and images for 2,467 accessions were loaded to the GRIN-Global (GG) database. Data continue to be recorded but the open technical positions have created a backlog in the loading of that information to the GRIN database. Obj 4: Software Development: Our development staff released new Curator Tool versions and enhancements to various wizards used by genebank personnel to manage workflows and seamlessly integrate information in GG. The most recent Curator Tool version significantly enhances the ability to add and update report and label templates dynamically (including an integrated barcode generator that can be used in labels for data automation). Additionally, there is now a new Trait Wizard bundled into the Curator Tool for easier addition of crop trait data. Finally, the BrAPI interface hosted on the GRIN-Global server (used for server-to-server interoperability) has been enhanced to more fully support the Model Organism Database communities (such as MaizeGDB and SoyBase). These products support management of associated information, curatorial workflows, and public access to information associated with PGR which facilitates their use. All enhancements must be coordinated with changes made to the public GG website’s functionality. Obj 5: The NCRPIS is again providing tours for many different groups after a hiatus caused by now expired covid era restrictions. In August 2023, the NCRPIS celebrated its 75th year of operation. We sponsored a formal presentation early in the day involving ARS and ISU guests as well as genebank personnel and in the afternoon, we hosted a public open house featuring a 1.3-acre demonstration garden with multiple plots from each project highlighting accessions of particular interest. Curators described the germplasm for interested visitors. Additional curator outreach activities included tours for a summer camp (44 children), three different ISU classes including one focused on our seed cleaning equipment and visiting scientists. Professional findings have been presented at scientific conferences and virtually to educators and other stakeholders. The amaranth curator has become involved with an ISU supported project in Uganda where grain amaranth is being promoted as a well-balanced protein source in nutrient limited areas. Accomplishments and Impacts – State Reports: Illinois (Sacks): No report submitted 16 orders were sent to University of IL researchers in the past year, 52 orders sent to other universities, seed companies, and other researchers in Illinois; 1114 items all orders. Indiana (Hoagland): A diverse group of faculty and graduate students at Purdue University utilized resources from the National Germplasm Repository in their research programs over the past year. In particular, NC-7 participants Lori Hoagland and Diane Wang, used germplasm for research to investigate beneficial plant-microbial relationships and resistance to water stress, respectively. Work in the Hoagland Lab focused primarily on specialty crops, including carrot, tomato, spinach, quinoa and turf species, and the primary goal of her studies is to mediate pathogen and heavy metal stress by leveraging beneficial plant-soil-microbial relationships. The role of domestication of these crops on these microbiome-mediated processes is of particular focus in her lab. Work in the Wang Lab focused on identifying traits within rice, wheat and corn germplasm with potential for mediating water stress and other stresses associated with climate change. Both lab groups used Purdue’s new phenotyping facility to optimize the application of hyperspectral imaging in quantifying differences in these stress traits. Other faculty and graduate students at Purdue who reported using resources from the National Plant Germplasm Repository in the past were Mohsen Mohammadi, Katherine Rainy, Mitch Tuinstra and Fionna Fahey. Work in the Mohammadi Lab is primarily focused on identifying root traits in wheat with potential to help mediate water stress. Work in the Tuinstra Lab was focused on developing maize and sorghum varieties with better adaption to abiotic stress and is also developing new approaches to quantify these traits using imaging tools in the field. Finally, Fahey is a graduate student working with Andrew Flachs in the Anthropology Dept. Her research is focused on using feminist science studies and environmental anthropology to study public plant breeding efforts in the Pacific Northwest. Along with her ethnographic research she is analyzing archival documents, such as the Plant Inventory Books from the National Plant Germplasm System. These documents are integral to understanding the biocultural histories of accessions used in today's public plant breeding.  Iowa (Lübberstedt): The Lübberstedt research team’s efforts to understand the basis of spontaneous doubling of the haploid maize genome (SHGD) resulted in fine mapping of a major QTL (qshgd1) on chromosome 5 (Foster et al., 2024), which was located in public inbred line A427. Currently RNA_Seq expression profiling is employed to help identifying candidate genes for this QTL. The screening for additional donors with high levels of SHGD, and potentially major causative QTL, was continued by PhD student Mercy Fakude. She has meanwhile evaluated ca. 300 public inbred lines from the NCPRIS collection, and about 10% of these inbreds showed haploid male fertilities (main trait underlying SHGD) of >30%, when evaluated at the haploid level. Since these inbred lines have been genotyped more than 10 years ago using genotyping-by-sequencing (Romay et al. 2013), the outcomes of Mercy Fakude’s PhD research will not only be publicly available SHGD donors, but also chromosome regions and candidate genes affecting SHGD (to be presented at 2024 CSSA meeting). A complementary study was conducted by Tyler Foster in sweet corn in the frame of an ongoing USDA SCRI project (SweetCAP), where also ca. 10% of the accessions showed >30% haploid male fertility (Foster et al., submitted). The Millet breeding program at Iowa State University was started in 2022 by Dr. A.K. Singh and team. The germplasm collection in the USDA GRIN genebank for Finger (Eleusine coracana), Barnyard (Echinochloa sp.), Foxtail (Setaria italica), and Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) were screened during 2022 and 2023 growing seasons in field conditions near Ames, IA. More detailed evaluation of morphological and physiological traits was carried out on selected lines the following year. Selected lines from Finger (65) and Banyard (18) species were planted in replicated field trials in 2023, and Finger, Proso (42) and Banyard in the 2024 growing season. These trials yielded promising results, particularly in terms of crop performance of lines mostly adapted to mid-west growing conditions. Drought tolerance was specifically evaluated for finger millet lines in a dedicated drought nursery, with encouraging outcomes. From the 2022 and 2023 study trials, we identified potential millet lines suitable for cultivation in Iowa and the Midwest regions of the USA. Based on these findings, we initiated our breeding program in spring 2024, initially focusing on finger millet. We completed hybridizations among parental lines using three different emasculation techniques. The promising lines from the agronomic and drought evaluations have been used in breeding crosses to develop new varieties, instilling optimism for the future of the program. In the 2024 summer growing season, we also initiated a mutation breeding project targeting two millet species: finger millet and proso millet. This experiment involves exposing two genotypes of each species to gamma rays at two different dosages. In finger millet, the genotypes PI462765 and PI462441 were used, while in proso millet, we selected PI220537 and PI649384. The primary goal of this study is to enhance genetic diversity and characterize gamma ray-induced mutations in both millet species. The treated seeds were planted in four-row plots at AEA Farm in Boone, IA, during the summer of 2024. Additionally, some lines were cultivated in greenhouses to serve as a seed source. Information from germplasm screening trials is a part of an M.S. thesis that includes a comprehensive study on the characterization and yield of finger millet. The findings from this research will be published, and detailed information about the individual lines will be made available through open-access sources. Kansas (Stamm): Diverse germplasm allows for development of canola, soybean, and wheat varieties adaptable to Great Plains environmental conditions. Plant genetic resources and varieties of new crops such as winter canola are made possible through the conservation of and access to NPGS collections. Clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) is a serious, soil-borne disease of canola; however, it is currently not identified in the Great Plains region. To preemptively safeguard against its appearance, resistance to the disease is being introgressed into elite parent lines of winter canola using the Brassica napus accession PI 443015 as the donor parent. The first backcross was made in 2024 and backcrossing will continue to the BC4 stage. Afterward, introgression lines will be tested for clubroot resistance in the greenhouse and field studies by project collaborators investigating the disease’s impacts. Four Raphanus sativus accessions (PI174936, PI458914, PI458915, PI666198) were identified as potential genetic diversity as winter tillage radish sources. Interest exists in developing tillage radish types that overwinter, to maintain ground cover longer for added soil protection. These winter accessions were seeded in the field near Manhattan, KS in fall 2023; however, no plants survived the winter due in part to poor and late emergence. Accessions were grown in the winter 2024 greenhouse for seed increase, and the accessions were intercrossed to produce additional progeny for increase and testing. Attempts at seed increase will be made until enough seed exists for field testing and overwintering potential. For the past two growing seasons, the Kansas State University soybean breeding program, along with Texas Tech University, the University of Missouri, and the University of Tennessee, have been characterizing flower production and pod set in a diverse panel of maturity group IV soybean accessions. The team is working to develop an image-based phenotyping system to document floral abortion and pod set in soybean. Visual flower and pod counts are used to validate the automated counts. Michigan (Thompson): Michigan State University continued its activities in characterizing and utilizing germplasm from the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). Our focus remains on genetic and phenotypic analysis to identify key traits and improve the utility of germplasm collections in plant breeding programs. Genetic analyses, including DNA sequencing, have been critical in identifying diversity within the collections and mapping important traits to chromosomes, allowing us to pinpoint candidate genes that can be utilized in breeding efforts. Phenotypic analyses continue to help us find novel sources of resistance to diseases and environmental stresses, improved nutritional qualities, and beneficial growth characteristics to enhance yield. This year, several new projects highlight our expanded use of NPGS germplasm. We have initiated studies evaluating maize accessions for their accumulation of maysin, a flavonoid compound associated with corn earworm resistance, and we continue genetic studies on phenolic compound accumulation and virus resistance in maize, which will enhance efforts to breed resilient maize varieties. In addition, investigations into Camelina gene regulatory networks, environmental impacts on seed development, and gene-environment interactions are also a focal point, providing insight into the adaptability and productivity of this important biofuel crop. MSU is also contributing to advancing knowledge in the areas of photosynthesis and drought tolerance, particularly in weedy species and crop relatives, by evaluating traits related to photorespiration and the physiological responses to water stress. This year, NPGS materials were also integrated into class instruction for plant systematics, utilizing germplasm to provide students hands-on experience with diverse plant taxa and their evolutionary relationships. Our research efforts also extend to analyzing the genetic diversity of cucumber, common beans, and potatoes. We have characterized cucumber fruit development, explored common bean diversity for nutritional qualities, and examined factors for self-compatibility in potato breeding, particularly in diploid germplasm. Additional work includes genetic studies on drought responses in maize, sorghum, and resurrection grasses; genomic analysis of sour cherry; diversity studies for apple bloom time; and the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Phytophthora resistance in cucumber and rust resistance in wheat. We have also made strides in characterizing maize genetic diversity and understanding its interaction with the environment for yield prediction. Through our research, we continue to unlock the potential of NPGS germplasm, facilitating its use in breeding programs to develop new cultivars that address agricultural challenges. Minnesota (Lorenz): Minnesota researchers continue to benefit from the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station (NCRPIS). Since 2019, the NCRPIS has shipped seeds of 181 distinct accessions to 79 unique researchers. Sixty-six of the accessions were sent to the University of Minnesota. The accessions sent to the University of Minnesota represent 31 difference species with a wide diversity, ranging from flax to maize to oak to sunflower, and many more. These accessions provided by NCRPIS staff and scientists were critical to research advancements and cultivar development at the University of Minnesota. Within the space available, it is not possible to describe the research and development outcomes of each set of accessions provided. With space limitations in mind, below are some examples: Portulaca The genus Portulaca, a member of the Caryophyllales family, contains over 100 species. Alex Crum, a graduate student in the lab of Dr. Ya Yang at UMN, was interested in metabolism response to high light stress using untargeted metabolomics. The researchers are looking for different responses to methyl jasmonate and high light treatments based on lineage. There are no publications to report yet as data collection and analysis is ongoing. Wild flax The NCRPIS collection contains 182 accessions of wild flax, which have been instrumental to the lab of Dr. Neil Anderson. The Anderson lab is striving to improve perennial flax as an ornamental crop. The successful adoption of perennial flax would provide ecosystem services such as winter cover for reduced soil erosion, and pollinator food supply. The Anderson Lab has received seed of accessions of wild flax that have been useful for breeding and trait evaluation towards these goals. Sunflower The McCaghey Lab at the University of Minnesota studies host plant resistance to S. sclerotiorum, a devesting pest causing wilts and molds in many important crops, including sunflower. The McCaghey Lab ordered accessions of sunflower for a study on host plant resistance, including resistant and susceptible checks. Having these checks in their lab tremendously helps with assay development and screening of S. sclerotiorum isolates to eventually better understand the virulence diversity in this pathogen. Below are the results from their study highlighting the range in variation of virulence they observed on the ordered susceptible check variety.    FIGURE COULD NOT BE INSERTED   Figure 1. StAUDPC on Helianthus annus from 0 to 7 DPI. Means followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different at α = 0.05 by Scheffe's method. Red, Orange, and Blue bars represent conserved highly, moderately, and non- aggressive isolates respectively. Purple bars represent reference isolate 1980. Results are from two experimental runs with four biological and three technical replicates. Maize From the Pablo Olivera Firpo Lab: These four genotypes of maize were used in studies to assess the virulence and ecology of the Goss's Wilt pathogen Clavibacter nebraskensis. We used the susceptible maize line Inbred 34-1141 to perform virulence phenotyping on a collection of 40 Cn strains. From these initial studies, we chose a set of 13 Cn strains with diverse virulence types for an ecological experiment (termed "select & resequence") where we inoculated 2 susceptible (Inbred 34-1141 and Oh7B) and 2 resistant (Mo17 and NC344) maize inbred lines with a pooled community of these 13 strains and resequenced the community at 7 days post inoculation. From these results, we looked at the effects of host genotype selection (resistant vs. susceptible) on the community, and assessed which genomic variants in the pathogen community showed signs of positive selection and therefore might be involved in pathogenicity. We currently have a manuscript out for submission. Missouri (Flint-Garcia): USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO The Flint-Garcia lab (USDA-ARS in Columbia, MO) continues to investigate teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) and landraces (AKA heirloom varieties) as a source of novel and useful alleles to improve maize.  Our lab’s most recent focus is to explore human food quality traits in maize by evaluating flavor, aroma, texture, and key target metabolites in seeds of and in food products from heirloom corn varieties. As part of our USDA-NIFA-AFRI “Maize Heirloom Varieties of the United States,” we grew replicated field trials in 2024 in Missouri (PD Flint-Garcia, USDA-ARS in Columbia MO) and North Carolina (co-PD Jim Holland, USDA-ARS in Raleigh, NC). Each location was a partially replicated (0.25X) trial containing 990 entries (heirloom accessions), of which ~950 entries originated from NPGS-NC7. Numerous manual phenotypes were collected which reflect adaptation and plant morphology (flowering dates, plant/ear height, leaf length/width, tassel architecture, lodging, ear disease) and can be used to target germplasm to specific growing regions.  Weekly UAV-based phenotypes were coordinated by co-PDs Jacob Washburn (USDA-ARS in Columbia MO) and Joe Gage (NCSU) to derive traits correlated with crop productivity.  Harvested sib-pollinated ears will be phenotyped by an image-based platform to extract ear and kernel data aligned with prior characterization of other landrace collections. Grain will be analyzed by NIR to estimate starch and protein content in the grain. A second year of the trial will be conducted in 2025. The CERCA (Circular Economy that Reimagines Corn Agriculture) project is a large multi-institutional project aimed at transforming US grain farmland into a net-negative component of a circular bio-economy and reducing global greenhouse gases, by converting maize to an earlier season annual with reduced environmental impacts through increased uptake and recycling of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus fertilizer.  There are numerous aspects of the CERCA Project, but only those related to maize work by USDA-ARS in Columbia, MO will be mentioned here.  The Flint-Garcia lab is working to reduce the N content of the grain by reducing protein from ~8% to ~4%, which will reduce the amount of N fertilizer applied and reduce the N content in animal waste.  We are taking numerous targeted approaches to reduce protein by examining N transporters in the plant, N sink in the grain, and protein synthesis machinery in the grain. We are also taking several untargeted approaches to reducing grain N by screening natural variation (maize germplasm from NC7) and conducting selection for low grain N in numerous breeding populations.  The Washburn lab is working to develop corn that can survive and thrive in early season plantings by conducting experiments in the field, growth chamber, greenhouse and lab to determine how different corn genotypes (e.g. highland maize landraces) and corn wild relatives perform photosynthesis under cold conditions and identify genes, pathways, and mechanisms for breeding, engineering, and testing in elite maize cultivars.  For all aspects of the CERCA project, germplasm from NCRPIS/NPGS will be screened for desirable traits and used as parents in mapping populations and breeding populations. University of Missouri The University of Missouri soybean breeding program lead by Andrew Scaboo focuses on numerous traits including Soybean Cyst Nematode, in addition to releasing varieties. They screen germplasm from NC7 in greenhouse trials to identify sources of SCN resistance. Recently, they used USDA germplasm genomic data for phylogenetic comparison to soybean cultivars in Africa for a USAID Feed the Future Soybean Innovation Lab. This resulted in a recent Crop Science manuscript (De Meyer, et al. 2024) Danforth Center The Donald Danforth Plant Science Center in St. Louis conducts research on many plant species and uses germplasm from NC7 for numerous projects.  These projects include evaluating sunflower and sorghum GWAS panels for multiple traits (former Mockler lab), studying the Andropogoneae grass family (Kellogg lab, elucidating the genetics of maize inflorescence architecture (Eveland lab), smallRNAs (Meyers lab), and for improving various aspects of plant transformation (Plant Tissue Culture and Transformation Facility). Recently colleagues at the Danforth Center began a project to assessing the sunflower germplasm collection for natural rubber production. Natural rubber is a plant-based strategic raw material, essentially all of which is imported into the US.  Sunflower is one of many plant species that can produce some quantity of natural rubber but may be the only one that is cultivated at scale in this country today.  Researchers at the Danforth Plant Science Center have phenotyped the rubber content of over 700 different varieties of sunflower from the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) sunflower collection.  The resulting information is being used to guide breeding of sunflower lines to achieve higher rubber production in the plant's leaves, providing a new source of revenue for farmers using a crop that can perform well in marginal soils and growing conditions. Nebraska (Santra) Most of the USDA germplasm that Nebraska requests from NCRPIS, Ames, IA are corn, sorghum, sunflower, and proso millet. These germplasms were used primarily for research but also for teaching and demonstration purposes. In 2023, there were several publications on corn, sorghum, and proso millet (see publication list for details). These publications are based on the research of the last few years using the germplasm received from NCRPIS. Corn germplasm was used for research on genomics, phenomics, and nitrogen use efficiency. Many requested corn lines are used by the University of Nebraska's Hybrid Maize Breeding Project (under leadership of Blaine Johnson) solely for educational purposes.  Primary use is for teaching methods of hybrid maize breeding to plant breeding students, both undergraduate and graduate students, in both a classroom and nursery setting.  The nursery resulting from use of these seeds is used for field days and other tours by students and interested parties.  There has been no development or release of progeny originating from these materials, nor have there been any formal publications resulting from data on the materials. In 2023, 71 Proso millet accessions and replicated yield trial using 20 varieties were planted for the first time at Lincoln for adoptability in the eastern Nebraska environment. The germplasm grew well at Lincoln and most of genotypes produced mature seed. Many genotypes had foliar diseases of both fungal and bacterial. There was also severe lodging of most of the genotypes, which possibly could be because of more vegetative growth from excellent soil moisture compared to western Nebraska. The seed was harvested on August 24, 2023. The average seed yield of the 20 varieties at Lincoln was 990 lbs/acre, which is about half of average yield in western Nebraska. This showed that proso millet was adopted in eastern Nebraska. However, foliar diseases and lodging could be a potential constraint for commercial production of millet. Two hundred four genotypes were planted at Scottsbluff in 2023 for seed increase to be used in replicated field trials in subsequent years. The accessions grown in Scottsbluff grew well and mature seed was harvested. The seeds were cleaned and kept for replicated field trial in 2024 North Dakota (Johnson): New crop evaluations continue with industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), open-pollinated white grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), and ‘Kernza’ intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium). Planting date, harvest date, variety, and intercropping studies are ongoing with industrial hemp for grain production since this is the current primary market. Processing and product development are expanding for fiber usage of industrial hemp as the secondary product after grain production. Open-pollinated white sorghum genotypes continue investigation for small community farm plots for food, feed, and fuel (sweet sorghum) with encouraging results, whereas Kernza is undergoing university testing and limited commercial production. Seed stocks for crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst.) varieties are in the third year of increase (2022, 2023, and 2024) due to declining seed inventories and decreasing seed quality related to aged seed and storage conditions. Crambe variety trial results for the 2023 growing season ranged from 1960 to 2500 kg/ha among four varieties grown at the Prosper field research location with an early June planting. Renewed interest in crambe as a cover crop component and for intercropping were initiated in 2022, continued in 2023, and are ongoing in 2024. Crambe and other Brassica oilseeds canola (Brassica napus L.) and camelina (Camelina sativa L.) were grown in two-crop intercrop combinations in mixed- and alternating-row arrangements at several seeding rates at the Prosper location to determine land equivalent ratio (LER) and the possibility of overyielding. Preliminary results indicate that canola/camelina intercropping increases grain value $25/acre as compared to sole crop canola. Variety releases from the North Dakota Expt. Station for 2023/2024 include ‘ND Thresher’, ND Nighthawk’, and ‘ND Stampede’ hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), ‘ND Treasure’ barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), ‘ND Spilde’, ‘ND Carson’, and ND 161367 oat (Avena sativa L.), ‘ND L141002’ (zero tannin) lentil (Lens culinaris L.), dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) ‘ND Rodeo’ (pinto), ‘ND Redbarn’ (dark red kidney), and ‘ND Rosalind’ (pink), and ‘LimeDak’ littleleaf linden (Tilia cordata). Germplasm requests to the NCRPIS included amaranth (Amaranthus spp.), canola (Brassica napus L.) and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) for variety performance and gene sourcing for disease resistance. Ohio (Ma): A diverse research group at The Ohio State University continues to utilize the genetic resources from the North Central Regional Plant Introduction State. Dr. Kristin Mercer uses the germplasm to study maize aerial root traits and apparent benefits from nitrogen fixation, as well as performance and growth. Dr. Shujun Ou investigates the role of maize transposable elements and the underlying mechanism plants employ when facing unfavorable conditions. Dr. Andrea Gschwend focuses on pennycress genetic resources to examine genes involved in abiotic stress, particularly waterlogging. Dr. David Mackey’s research delves into the transcription factor Lrp of Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartia and identified Lrp regulates functions important for P. stewartii colonization and growth in maize.  In addition to the use of germplasm from NC7, researchers at the Ohio State University also continually utilize the genetic resources from the National Plant Germplasm System. These efforts focus on the development of genetic and genomics resource as well as characterization and improvement of crops, eg. tomato, wheat, barley, soybean, chili pepper, apple, almond, dandelion, begonia, etc. South Dakota (Caffe): Several accessions of yellow-flowered alfalfa derived from root segments that had resprouted in a greenhouse were evaluated in the field for multiple traits including survival rate, flower and seed pod production, flower color, crown area, growth habit, canopy volume, and biomass. All populations produced flowers and seeds. Two populations, PI 502441 and PI 538984, produced the highest dry biomass (240 g/m², equivalent to 2.64 tons/ha), with larger crown areas and canopy volumes. These results suggest that plants generated from roots can self-sustain under field conditions. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of field testing to identify additional populations within the NPGCC that contribute persistent forage to the landscape by maintaining and regenerating stands with strong root sprouting capacity. This information is valuable for farmers, ranchers, and land managers. Winter oat accessions were evaluated in the field in Brookings, SD during the 2024 growing season. Winter survival rate ranged from 0 to 100% with an average of 30%. Wisconsin (Tracy): No report submitted 11 orders were sent to University of WI researchers in the past year, 35 orders sent to other universities, seed companies, other researchers in Illinois; 1508 items all orders.

Publications

Illinois No list submitted Indiana Colley, M., Dawson, J., Zystro, J., Hoagland, L., Liou, M., Myers, J., Silva, E., Simon, P., (in review). Influence of organic and conventional management systems on carrot performance and implications for organic plant breeding. Submitted to Crop Science Jamjshidi, S., Murgia, T., Morales-Ona, A.G., Cerioli, T., Famoso, A.N., Cammarano, D., Wang, D.R. 2023. Modeling interactions of planting data end phenology in Louisiana rice under current and future climate scenarios. Crop Science  Jung, J., Fei, S., Tuinstra, T., Yang, Y., Wang, DR., Song, S., Gillan, J., Bhandari, M., Ibrahim, A., Zhao, L.,   Luis, M., Jaiswal, A., Mengiste, T., Myers, J., Hoagland, L., (in review). Identification of mechanisms mediating induced systemic resistant in wild vs. domesticated tomato using RNA-seq. Submitted to Phytopathology Maynard, E., Guan, W., Langenhoven, P., Hoagland, L., 2024. Vegetable seedling performance in commercial organic growing media. HortTechnology. Swetnam, T., Barker, B., Jung, M., Hancock, B., 2024. Data to science: an open-source on-line platform for managing, visualizing and published UAS data. Proceedings of the Autonmous Air and Ground Sensing Systems for Agricultural Optimization and Phenotyping                                                                                           Wang, D, Jamshidi, S., Han, R., McCouth, S.R., 2024. Positive effects of public breeding on U.S. rice yields under future climate scenarios. PNAS  DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2309969121">10.1073/pnas.2309969121</a>  Pathak, H., Warren, CJ., Buckmaster, DR, Wang, DR, 2024. Advancing adaptive agricultural strategies: unraveling impacts of climate change and soils on corn productivity using APSIM. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Precision Agriculture Powlen, J., Bigelow, C., Vidanza, A., Hoagland, L. 2024. Turf-type tall fescue brown path resistance as influenced by morphological characteristics. Plant Health Progress <a href="https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-10-23-0082-RS">https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-10-23-0082-RS</a> Vargas-Rojas, L., Ting, T., Rainey, K., Reynolds, M., Wang, DR., 2024. AgTC and AgETL: open-source tools to enhance data collection and management for plant science. Frontiers in Plant Science <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1265073">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1265073</a> Zhang, L., Hoagland, L., Yang, Y., Becchi, P., Sobolev, A., Scioli, G., La Nasa, J., Modugno, F. Lucini, L., (in review). The combination of hyperspectral imaging, untargeted metabolomics and lipidomis highlights a coordinated stress-related biochemical reprogramming triggered by polyethylene nanoparticles in lettuce. Submitted to Science of the Total Environment  Other publications from Purdue: Arora, A., Das, AK, Dixit, Y, Singh, SB, Sekhar, JC, Ravikesavan, R., Tuinstra, MR., 2024. Genetic diversity analysis and heterotic grouping of Indiana white maize inbred lines using combining ability and SNP markers. Crop Science  <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21201">https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21201</a>  Aviles, C., Toledo, M, Crawford, MM, Tuinstra, MR. 2024. Integrating multi-modal remote sensing, deep learning, and attention mechanisms for yield prediction in plant breeding experiments. Frontiers in Plant Science 15, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1408047">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1408047</a>  Escamilla DM, Dietz N, Bilyeu K, Hudson K, Rainey KM. Genome-wide association study reveals GmFulb as candidate gene for maturity time and reproductive length in soybeans (Glycine max). PLoS One. 2024 Jan 19;19(1):e0294123. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294123.  Nepal, N., Condori-Apfata, J.A., Gaire, R., Anco, M.E., Scofield, S. Zhang, C., Mohammadi, M., 2023. Phenotypic and genotypic resources for the USDA quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) genebank accessions. Crop Science DOI: 10.1002/csc2.21037 Iowa Foster, T., Kloiber-Maitz, M., Gilles, L., Frei, U.K., Pfeffer, S., Chen, Y.-R., Dutta, S., Arun, Hufford, M., Lübberstedt T. (2024) Fine-mapping of a major QTL for spontaneous haploid genome doubling (qshgd1) in maize. Theor. Appl. Genet. 137:117 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-024-04615-y">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-024-04615-y</a>  Foster, T.L., Frei, U.K., Fakude, M., Krause, M.D., Dutta, S., Tracy, W.F., Resende Jr., M.F.R., Lübberstedt, T. (2025) Genome-wide association study of haploid male fertility in sweet corn. Theor Appl. Genet. (submitted)  Millet Online Oral presentations: Di Salvo, J.I; Singh, A.K. “Millet Characterization for Iowa growing conditions”. Webinar presentation. North American Millet Alliance (NAMA), April 19th, 2023. Field Days: Di Salvo, J.I; Panthulugiri, S.; Singh, A.K. Iowa Organic Association, Overview of small millet breeding efforts in Iowa. June, 21st 2024 Di Salvo, J.I; Panthulugiri, S., Singh, A.K. AGRON279, Undergraduate class at Iowa State University, Overview of small millet breeding efforts in Iowa. August, 15th 2024 Di Salvo, J.I; Panthulugiri, S.; Scott, B.W.  R.F. Baker Center Field tour. August 22nd, 2024. Extension and outreach:  Panthulugiri, S.; Di Salvo, J.I. Plant the Moon Challenge, Tuesday, May 21st, 2024 Poster presentations: Di Salvo, J.I;  Scott, B; Hicks, J; Brenner, D; Singh, A.K. “Finger millet Characterization in Iowa”. Poster. Annual Meeting, ASA-CSSA-SSSA, November 1st, 2023. St Louis, Missouri Di Salvo, J.I; Scott, B; Dunn, B; Hicks, J; Brenner, D; Singh, A.K. Finger millets (Eleusine Coracana) in Iowa. Poster. X R.F Baker Plant Breeding Symposium. March 24th, 2023. Ames, Iowa. Kansas Correndo, Y.S., A.J.P. Carcedo, M.A. Secchi, M.J. Stamm, P.V.V. Prasad, S. Lira, C.D. Messina, and I.A. Ciampitti. 2024. Identifying environments for canola oil production under diverse seasonal crop water stress levels. Agric. Water Management. 302:108996. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2024.108996">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2024.108996</a>. Menke, E.,  C. Steketee, Q. Song, W. Schapaugh, T. Carter, B. Fallen, and Z. Li. 2024. Genetic mapping reveals the complex genetic architecture controlling slow canopy wilting in soybean. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 137:107. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-024-04609-w">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-024-04609-w</a>. Peirce, E. B. Evers, Z. Winn, W. Raupp, M. Guttieri, A. Fritz, J. Poland, E. Akhunov, S. Haley, E. Mason, Esten, and P. Nachappa. 2024. Identifying novel sources of resistance to wheat stem sawfly in five wild wheat species. Pest Management Science. 80. 10.1002/ps.8008. Zhang, G., A. Fritz, Y. Li, R. Bowden, M. Chen, J. Rupp, and Y. Jin. 2024. Registration of ‘KS Big Bow’ hard white winter wheat. Journal of Plant Registrations. 18. 10.1002/plr2.20354. Michigan NC7 Participants Shrote R and Thompson AM. 2024. PyBrOpS: a Python package for breeding program simulation and optimization for multi-objective breeding. G3. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.02.10.528043 Torres-Rodriguez JV, Li Delin, Turkus J, Newton L, Davis J, Lopez-Corona L, Ali W, Sun G, Mural RV, Grzybowski MW, Thompson AM, Schnable JC. 2024. Population level gene expression can repeatedly link genes to functions in maize. The Plant Journal. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.16801 Jin H, Tross MC, Tan R, Newton L, Mural RV, Yang J, Thompson AM, Schnable JC. 2024. Imitating the ‘breeder’s eye”: predicting grain yield from measurements of non-yield traits. The Plant Phenome Journal. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.29.568906 Ying S, Webster B, Gomez-Cano L, Shivaiah K, Wang Q, Newton L, Grotewold E, Thompson AM, Lundquist PK. 2023. Multiscale Physiological Responses of Maize Hybrids to Nitrogen Supplementation. Plant Physiology195(1):879-899 899 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiad583">https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiad583</a> Lopez-Cruz M, Aguate FM, Washburn JD, de Leon Gatti N, Kaeppler SM, Lima D, Tan R, Thompson AM, De La Bretonne LW, de los Campos G. 2023. Leveraging Data from the Genomes to Fields Initiative to Investigate GxE in Maize in North America. Nature Communications 14(1), 6904 10.1038/s41467-023-42687-4 Lin YC, Mansfeld BN, Tang X, Colle M, Chen F, Weng Y, Fei Z, Grumet R. 2023. Identification of QTL associated with resistance to Phytophthora fruit rot in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Frontiers in Plant Science 14. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1281755">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1281755</a> Goeckeritz CZ, Grabb C, Grumet R, Iezzoni AF, Hollender CA. 2024. Genetic factors acting prior to dormancy in sour cherry influence bloom time the following spring. Journal of Experimental Botany, 75(14), 4428–4452. Rett-Cadman S, Weng Y, Fei Z, Thompson AM, Grumet R. 2024. Genome-Wide Association Study of Cuticle and Lipid Droplet Properties of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Fruit. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 25(17), 9306. Other Researchers Kuwabo K, Hamabwe SM, Kachapulula P, Cichy K, Parker T, Mukuma C, et al. (2023) Genome-wide association analysis of anthracnose resistance in the Yellow Bean Collection of Common Bean. PLoS ONE 18(11): e0293291. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293291">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293291</a> Porch, T. G., Rosas, J. C., Cichy, K., Lutz, G. G., Rodriguez, I., Colbert, R. W., Demosthene, G., Hernández, J. C., Winham, D. M., & Beaver, J. S. (2024). Release of tepary bean cultivar ‘USDA Fortuna’ with improved disease and insect resistance, seed size, and culinary quality. Journal of Plant Registrations, 18, 42–51. Wang, W., & Cichy, K. A. (2024). Genetic variability for susceptibility to seed coat mechanical damage and relationship to end-use quality in kidney beans. Crop Science, 64, 200–210. Miklas, P. N., Soler-Garzón, A., Pastor-Corrales, M., & Cichy, K. A. (2024). Registration of ‘USDA Diamondback’ slow-darkening pinto bean. Journal of Plant Registrations, 18, 52–60. Awale, H. E., Wiersma, A. T., Wright, E. M., Buell, C. R., Kelly, J. D., Cichy, K. A., & Haus, M. J. (2024). Anthracnose and bean common mosaic necrosis virus resistance in wild and landrace Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) genetic stocks. Crop Science, 64, 2116–2125. Sadohara, R., Cichy, K., Fourie, D., Msolla, S. N., Song, Q., Miklas, P., & Porch, T. (2024). Andean common bean bulk breeding lines selected on multiple continents exhibit broad genetic diversity and stress adaptation. Crop Science, 1–22. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21309">https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21309</a> Izquierdo P, Sadohara R, Wiesinger J, Glahn R, Urrea C, Cichy K. 2024. Genome-wide association and genomic prediction for iron and zinc concentration and iron bioavailability in a collection of yellow dry beans. Front. Genet. Vol 15. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2024.1330361">10.3389/fgene.2024.1330361</a> Hauri, K.C., Schilmiller, A.L., Darling, E. et al. 2024. Constitutive Level of Specialized Secondary Metabolites Affects Plant Phytohormone Response to Above- and Belowground Herbivores. J Chem Ecol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-024-01538-2 Anglin Noelle L. , Chavez Oswaldo , Soto - Torres Julian , Gomez Rene , Panta Ana , Vollmer Rainer , Durand Marisol , Meza Charo , Azevedo Vania , Manrique - Carpintero Norma C. , Kauth Philip , Coombs Joesph J. , Douches David S. , Ellis David. 2024. Promiscuous potato: elucidating genetic identity and the complex genetic relationships of a cultivated potato germplasm collection. Front. Plant Sci. 15. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1341788">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1341788</a> Ames, M., Hamernik, A., Behling, W., Douches, D. S., Halterman, D. A., & Bethke, P. C. (2024). A survey of the Sli gene in wild and cultivated potato. Plant Direct, 8(5), e589. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fpld3.589">10.1002/pld3.589</a> Xiaobiao Zhu, Airu Chen, Nathaniel M Butler, Zixian Zeng, Haoyang Xin, Lixia Wang, Zhaoyan Lv, Dani Eshel, David S Douches, Jiming Jiang. 2024.Molecular dissection of an intronic enhancer governing cold-induced expression of the vacuolar invertase gene in potato, The Plant Cell, 36(5): 1985–1999. Behling, W., Coombs, J., Collins, P., Douches, D. 2024. An Analysis of Inter-Endosperm Balance Number Crosses with the Wild Potato Solanum verrucosum. Am. J. Potato Res. 101, 34–44. 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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Targeted Mutagenesis of Inulin Biosynthesis in Rubber Dandelion. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 148(6), pp.266-275. <a href="https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS05311-23">https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS05311-23</a> Subode, S., Cho, J. and Francis, D.M., 2024. Quantitative Trait Mapping for Zebra-stem in Tomato Confirms a Genetic Cause Involving the Interaction of Unlinked Loci. HortScience, 59(7), pp.999-1006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI17766-24">https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI17766-24</a> South Dakota Alomair, AMPHD, Boe, A, and Xu L. 2023.  Field-based evaluation of root segment resprouted yellow-flowered alfalfa stand: Persistence and biomass. Proceedings of South Dakota Academy of Sciences. Vol. 102: 96. (Abstract) Alomair, AMPHD, Boe, A, and Xu L.  2024. Genetic Resources for Enhanced Alfalfa Persistence: Utilizing Crown and Root Sprouting Traits in Germplasm Evaluation. 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Genome-wide association mapping in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) reveals common loci and putative candidate genes for resistance to Diaporthe gulyae and D. helianthi causing Phomopsis stem canker. Plant Dis. 107(3):667-674. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-05-22-1209-RE Okello, P., Solanki, S., Rafi, N., and Mathew, F. 2023. Sources of resistance, effect of maturity groups, and marker-trait associations associated with Fusarium graminearum causing root rot of soybean (Glycine max). Plant Health Prog. <a href="https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1094%2FPHP-01-23-0011-RS&data=05%7C02%7CMelanie.Caffe%40sdstate.edu%7C53b315679a264e925efc08dcc186482d%7C1bbefbe9cb9e4a62bd10a2a60b1a28c5%7C0%7C0%7C638598029736578665%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=UWYQJlET8uS7bL%2FJlfSwt5YbQ7KObqB%2BgpjmuVauKPQ%3D&reserved=0">doi.org/10.1094/PHP-01-23-0011-RS</a> Rafi, N., Dominguez, M., Okello, P. N., and Mathew, F. M. 2024. No common candidate genes for resistance to Fusarium graminearum, F. proliferatum, F. sporotrichioides, and F. subglutanins in soybean (Glycine max L.) accessions from Maturity Groups 0 and I: Findings from Genome-Wide Association Mapping. Plant Dis. Online doi: 10.1094/PDIS-02-24-0477-RE. Wisconsin No list submitted