W3012: Optimizing and Characterizing Sustainable Beef Cattle Production in Forage Based Systems on Western Rangelands

(Multistate Research Project)

Status: Active

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SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[02/09/2022] [11/08/2023]

Date of Annual Report: 02/09/2022

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 07/30/2020 - 07/30/2020
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2020 - 09/30/2021

Participants

Ahola, Jason, Colorado State University
Bohnert, David, Oregon State University
DeAtley, Kasey, Chico State University
DelCurto, Tim, Montana State University
Garcia, Matthew, Utah State University
Islam, Anowar, University of Wyoming
Ivey, Shanna, New Mexico State University
Knight, Colt, University of Maine
Lewis, Ron, University of Nebraska
McCarthy, Kacie, University of Nebraska
McFarlane, Zach, California Polytechnic State University
Mulliniks, Travis, University of Nebraska
Oltjen, Jim, University of California- Davis
Scholljegerdes, Eric, New Mexico State University
Sprinkle, Jim, University of Idaho
Waterman, Richard, USDA-ARS Miles City
Wickersham, Tryon, Texas A & M University
Wright, Ashley, University of Arizona

Brief Summary of Minutes

Shanna Ivey is secretary elect and will be secretary in the next year (2020-2021). Secretary elect takes notes during the meeting and will put together the annual station report, as well as the annual meeting held wherever the secretary is. The next year meeting will be held at Ruidoso, NM or at the NMSU Corona Range and Livestock Research Center in Corona, NM.

Tryon Wickersham was nominated by Jim Sprinkle to serve as secretary elect for the coming W-3012 meeting. Ron Lewis seconded. This meeting will be held in 2023, as the Grazing Livestock Nutrition Conference will be in 2022 and will be combined with this meeting.

Bret Hess suggested that the members of the group with long term (10+ years) of rangeland beef cattle performance data assist the USDA-ARS LTER grazing land project for impacts of weather patterns that affect livestock production. Ron Lewis asked the multistate group members on their interest in histology of grazing animals in terms of fiber, plant species and consumption of these species and if we could automate micro-histology to improve traditional examination of grazing environments. It was suggested to incorporate this technology into the USDA-AFRI Sustainable Agricultural Systems grants that will be open in November 2020 and due in July 2021.

Accomplishments

The W3012 group is actively engaged in extension, research, teaching, and professional development of graduate and undergraduate students. 40 peer reviewed research publications and book chapters were published, 20 proceedings papers and 24 scientific abstracts for regional and national meetings were submitted, and 31 popular press and extension articles/materials published. W3012 members received $3.9+ million total for 30 grants across various institutions, for research, extension and teaching activities. 2020: One of the objectives of the W3012 is to include participation from institutions across the United States that are not currently represented. Additionally, institutions with 10+ years of range land beef cattle performance data, and rangeland data, would potentially be part of a national database for weather-related impacts on livestock. This would present the opportunity to model livestock production systems based on weather patterns, including drought and severe temperatures. 2021: The annual meeting will be held in Ruidoso, NM or at the NMSU Corona Range and Livestock Research Center in Corona, NM. 2022: Eric Scholljegerdes will lead the W3012 group in continuation of planning the 6th Grazing Livestock Nutrition Conference, with five-six main topics that will be discussed. December 2021/January 2022, request for proceedings will be initiated, and final speakers will be decided.

Publications

W3012 Publications: 2019-2020   Publications – California Polytechnic State University, Zach McFarlane   Refereed Journals McFarlane, Z. D., T. K. Schohr, K. D. Peterson, C. Stevenson, and K DeAtley. Bull selection and management in extensive rangeland production systems of California: A producer survey. (In Preparation, Journal of Animal Science)   Abstracts Factors influencing bull selection and management in extensive rangeland production systems of California, K.D. Peterson, T.K. Schohr, K. DeAtley, and Z. D. McFarlane, WSASAS Undergraduate Poster Competition 2020 Retrospective analysis of growth performance and carcass ultrasound data of yearling Angus bulls enrolled at the Cal Poly Bull Test, C.E. Field, M. Abo-Ismail, M.K. Chavez, and Z. D. McFarlane, WSASAS Undergraduate Poster Competition 2020 Foot and hair shedding scores of crossbred cattle grazing native rangeland differ by age group, N. M. Eiguren, K. D. Peterson, and Z. D. McFarlane, WSASAS Undergraduate Poster Competition 2020 Retrospective analysis of semen quality characteristics from bulls in the Cal Poly Bull Test, P. Thomas, M. Abo-Ismail, and Z. D. McFarlane, WSASAS Annual Meeting 2020   Publications – Montana State University, Timothy DelCurto Refereed Journals & Book Chapters Daalkhaijav Damiran , Timothy DelCurto , Scott L. Findholt , Bruce K. Johnson & Martin Vavra.  2019.             The Effects of Previous Grazing on the Subsequent Nutrient Supply of Ungulates Grazing Late-summer Mixed-Conifer Rangelands. Sustainable Agriculture Research. 8(4):13-27. Doi:10.5539/sar.v6n4p13   Putman, D., DelCurto, T. Forage systems for Arid Regions.  2020.  In: R. F. Barnes, C. J. Nelson, K. J. Moore, and M. Collins (Eds) Forages, Volume II.  The Science of Grassland Agriculture (7 th edition).  Iowa State Press, In Press. Forages:  The Science of Grassland Agriculture. Blackwell   Wyffels, S. A., Williams, A. R., Parsons, C. T., Dafoe, J. M., Boss, D., DelCurto, T., Davis, N. G., Bowman, J. 2018.  The influence of age and environmental conditions on supplement intake by beef cattle winter grazing northern mixed-grass rangelands. J. Anim. Sci. 98:1-8. doi:10.1093/jas/skaa217   Samuel A. Wyffels, Darrin L. Boss, Bok F. Sowel, Timothy DelCurto, Janice G.P. Bowman, Lance B. McNew.  2020.  Dormant season grazing on northern mixed grass prairie agroecosystems: Does protein supplementation impact beef cattle resource use, vegetation, and residual cover? PlosONE in review   Wyffels, S. A., and T. DelCurto.  2020.  Influence of beef cattle stocking density on utilization of vegetative communities in a late-spring, early-summer native bunchgrass prairie.  J. Agric. Studies.  In Press.   <ol start="2020"> <li>M. Dafoe, S. A. Wyffels, C. T. Parsons, T. DelCurto, D. L. Boss. 2020. Techniques to estimate colostrum quality and the effects of cow age and pre-partum supplement intake levels on colostrum quality and serum IgG levels. J. Agric. Studies.  In Press.</li> </ol>   <ol start="2020"> <li>M. DelCurto-Wyffels, J. M. Dafoe, C. T. Parsons, D. L. Boss, T. DelCurto, S. A. Wyffels, M. L. Van Emon and J. G. P. Bowman. 2020. Effect of corn or barley in feedlot diets on steer performance and feeding behavior. Animal Feed Sci. & Tech.  Submitted</li> </ol>   Western Section American Society of Animal Sciences Proceedings   Parsons, C. T., Dafoe, J. M., Wyffels, S. A., DelCurto, T., Boss, D. (2019). Impacts of heifer post-weaning residual feed intake classification on reproductive and performance measurement of first, second, and third parity Angus beef females (Supplement 1 ed., vol. 3, pp. 1782-1785). Translational Animal Science/Oxford.   Wyffels, S. A., McClain, T. P., Dafoe, J. M., Parsons, C. T., Boss, D., DelCurto, T. (2019). An evaluation of the relationship between supplement intake behavior, performance, and grazing behavior by beef cattle grazing northern mixed-grass rangelands (Supplement 1 ed., vol. 3, pp. 1802-1806). Translational Animal Science/Oxford.   Davis, N. G., Wyffels, S. A., Damiran, D., Darambazar, E., Vavra, M., Riggs, R. A., DelCurto, T. (2019). Influence of forest series and stand age on the growing season nutritional dynamics of plant growth forms in a mixed-conifer forest (Supplement 1 ed., vol. 3, pp. 1724-1727). Translational Animal Science/Oxford.   DelCurto, T., Davis, N., Wyffels, S., Damiran, D., Darambazar, E., Vavra, M., Riggs, R. A. The influence of forest series and stand age on individual plant species nutritional quality in a mixed-conifer forest (Supplement 1 ed., vol. 3, pp. 1728-1732). Translational Animal Science/Oxford.   White, H. C., Davis, N., Van Emon, M., Wyffels, S., DelCurto, T. (2019). Impacts of increasing levels of salt on intake, digestion, and rumen fermentation with beef cattle consuming low-quality forages. Translational Animal Science, 3(Supplement 1), 1818-1821.   White, H., Van Emon, M., DelCurto, H., Wyffels, S., DelCurto, T. (2019). Salt Limited Intake: Impacts of form of supplement on intake and variability of supplement intake in beef cattle. Translational Animal Science, 3(Supplement 1), 1650-1654.   DelCurto, T., Damiran, D., Findholt, S. L., Johnson, B. K., Vavra, M. (2019). The effects of previous grazing on the subsequent nutrient supply of ungulates grazing late-summer mixed-conifer rangelands. Sustainable Agriculture Research, 8(4), 13-27.   <ol start="2020"> <li>T. Parsons, J. M. Dafoe, S. A. Wyffels, M. Van Emon, T. DelCurto, D. L. Boss. 2020. The Influence of RFI classification and cow age on body weight and body condition change, supplement intake and grazing behavior of beef cattle winter grazing mixed-grass rangelands.  Translational Animal Science/Oxford. In Press</li> <li>M. Dafoe, S. A. Wyffels, C. T. Parsons, B. H. Carter, T. DelCurto, D. L. Boss. 2020. Techniques to estimate colostrum quality and the effects of cow age and pre-partum supplement intake levels on colostrum quality and serum IgG levels. Translational Animal Science/Oxford.  In Press</li> </ol>   <ol start="2020"> <li>F. Nack, H. M. DelCurto, S. A. Wyffels, and T. DelCurto. 2020. Relationship of gene markers to residual feed intake, ADG, and marbling of four years of MSU Steer-a-Year Steers.  Translational Animal Science/Oxford. In Press</li> </ol>   <ol start="2020"> <li>A. Wyffels, C. T. Parsons, J. M. Dafoe, D. L. Boss, T. P. McClain, B. H. Carter, T. DelCurto. 2020. The influence of age and winter environment on Rumax Bovibox and Bovibox HM supplement intake behavior of winter grazing beef cattle on mixed-grass rangelands.  Translational Animal Science/Oxford.  In Press</li> </ol>   <ol start="2020"> <li>P. McClain, S. A. Wyffels, S. R. Larsen, A. L. Müller, N. G. Davis, B. H. Carter, J. G. P. Bowman, D. L. Boss, and T. DelCurto. 2020. Supplement intake variation, weight, and body condition change in yearling heifers grazing late-summer dryland pastures with Rumax BoviBox versus Rumax BoviBox HM protein supplements.  Translational Animal Science/Oxford.  In Press</li> </ol>   <ol start="2020"> <li>G. Davis, S. A. Wyffels, C. Sanford, and T. DelCurto. 2020. Influence of three times weekly alfalfa supplementation on the behavior of beef cows grazing dormant Montana rangeland. Translational Animal Science/Oxford. In Press</li> </ol>   <ol start="2020"> <li>M. DelCurto-Wyffels, J. M. Dafoe, C. T. Parsons, D. L. Boss, T. DelCurto, S. A. Wyffels, M. L. Van Emon and J. G. P. Bowman. 2020. Effect of corn or barley in feedlot diets on steer performance and feeding behavior. Translational Animal Science/Oxford.  In Press</li> </ol>     Publications – New Mexico State University, Shanna Ivey and Eric Scholljegerdes Refereed Journals Van Emon, M. L., P. J. Gunn, M. K. Neary, R. P. Lemenager, E. J. Scholljegerdes, and S. L. Lake. 2020. Effects of added dietary protein and fat on subcutaneous adipose tissue and longissimus muscle fatty acid profiles of finishing lambs when fed differing levels of dried distillers grains with solubles. Sheep and Goat J. 35:10-16. Hendrickson, J. R., S. L. Kronberg, and E. J. Scholljegerdes. 2020. Can targeted grazing reduce abundance of invasive perennial grass (Kentucky bluegrass) on native mixed-grass prairie? Range. Ecol. Mangmt. In Press. doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2020.04.001. Stewart, W. C., T. R. Whitney, E. J. Scholljegerdes, D. L. Waldron, J. W. Walker, R. P. Adams and J. M. B. Musser. 2018. Ruminal fermentation characteristics of goats selectively bred to have greater consumption of juniper foliage. Anim. Feed Sci. Technology. 256:(In Press). Beard, J. K., G. A. Silver, E. J. Scholljegerdes, and A. F. Summers. 2019. The effect of precipitation received during gestation on progeny performance in Box indicus influenced beef cattle. Trans. Anim. Sci. 3:256-262. Smythe, B. G., M. E. Wise, A. Cibils, D. VanLeeuwen, A. Summers, and E. J. Scholljegerdes. 2019. Growth and reproductive performance of beef-cattle as influenced by controlled and uncontrolled populations o horn flies (Diptera:Muscidae).  J. Econ. Ento.  112: 969-973. Summers, A. F., and E. J. Scholljegerdes. 2019. Developmental Resiliency: In utero adaptation to environmental stimuli. Vet. Clinic. Food Anim. Pract. 35:365-378. Proceedings Rosasco, S. L., E. A. Melchior, S. H. Cox, R. L. Dunlap, J. A. Hernandez-Gifford, E. J. Scholljegerdes, R. A. Cushman, and A. F. Summers. 2020. Effects of stair-step nutritional programming on ovarian development in replacement beef heifers. Transl. Anim. Sci. 3 (Suppl. 1): In press. Rosasco, S. L., C. J. Kassetas, S. H. Cox, R. L. Dunlap, J. A. Hernandez Gifford, E. J. Scholljegerdes, and A. F. Summers. 2019. Effects of growth-promoting implants administered during either the suckling phase or at weaning on growth and reproduction in replacement beef heifers grazing native range. Trans. Anim. Sci. 3 (Suppl.1): 1774-1778. Abstracts Castillo-Castillo, Y., M. Ontiveros, E. J. Scholljegerdes, R. Anderson, C. Arzola-Alvarez, J. Salinas-Chavira, M. Hume, R. C. Beier, T. L. Poole, D. Nisbet, P. L. Ordonez, and O. Ruiz-Barrera. 2020. Laurate and its glycerol monester, monolaurin, as potential additives to control Listeria monocytogenes and tetracycline resistant Enterococcus faecalis in air-exposed silage. Transl. Anim. Sci. 3 (Suppl. 1): In Press. Birkenstock, B., M. Catey, S. McIntosh, F. Lopez, L. Klump, R. Ashley, E. J. Scholljegerdes, and C. A. Loest. 2020. Leucine supplementation alters immune responses and blood metabolites of lambs exposed to endotoxin. Transl. Anim. Sci. 3 (Suppl. 1): In Press. Selman, A, B. L. Lemke, J. Woodbury, S. L. Rosasco, E. J. Scholljegerdes, J. K. Beard, and A. F. Summers. 2020. Effects of maternal supplementation of ruminally undegradable protein during early gestation on subsequent progeny performance in beef cattle. Transl. Anim. Sci. 3(Suppl. 1): In Press. Melchior, E. A., S. L. Rosasco, S. L. Lodge-Ivey, S. H. Cox, R. L. Dunlap, J. C. Wenzel, D. L. Hallford, A. F. Summers, and E. J. Scholljegerdes. 2020. Evaluation of reproductive performance and herd longevity when heifers grazing native range are vaccinated with a lifetime regimen of a killed viral or modified live viral vaccine. Trans. Anim. Sci. 3 (Suppl. 1): In Press Lujan, L. A., E. A. Melchior, S. L. Rosasco, R. L. Dunlap, S. H Cox, E. J. Scholljegerdes, J. C. Wenzel, and S. L. Lodge-Ivey. 2020. Evaluation of calf performance when cows grazing native rangeland are vaccinated for bovine viral diarrhea virus and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis using either a modified live or killed vaccine. Trans. Anim. Sci. 3 (Suppl. 1): In press. Melchior, E. A., S. L. Rosasco, S. L Ivey, R. L. Dunlap, S. H. Cox, E. J. Scholljegerdes, and J. C. Wenzel.  2019 Evaluation of serum neutralization titers and calf weaning weights when cows grazing native rangeland are vaccinated for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis using either a modified live or killed vaccine. Trans. Anim. Sci. 3: Abstract     Publications – Oregon State University, David Bohnert   Refereed Journals <table width="638"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="605"> Brandão, A. P., R. F. Cooke, K. M. Schubach, B. Rett, O. A. Souza, C. L. Schachtschneider, G. A. Perry, S. A. Arispe, D. B. Jump, K. G. Pohler, D. W. Bohnert, and R. S. Marques.  2020.  Supplementing Ca salts of soybean oil to late-gestating beef cows: Impacts on performance and physiological responses of the offspring.  J. Anim. Sci.  98:Skaa247, https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa247. Schubach, K. M., R. F. Cooke, A. P. Brandão,  O. A. de Sousa, T. F. Schumaher, D. B. Jump, K. G. Pohler, D. W. Bohnert, and R. S. Marques.  2019.  Supplementing calcium salts of soybean oil to beef steers early in life to enhance carcass development.  J. Anim. Sci.  97: 4182-4192.  <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz272">https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz272</a>. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="605"> Schubach, K. M., R. F. Cooke, A. P. Brandão, T. F. Schumaher, K. G. Pohler, D. W. Bohnert, and R. S. Marques.  2019.  Impacts of post-weaning growth rate of replacement beef heifers on their reproductive development and productivity as primiparous cows.  J. Anim. Sci.  97: 4171-4181.  <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz262">https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz262</a>. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="605"> Schumaher, T. F., R. F. Cooke, A. P. Brandão, K. M. Schubach, O. A. de Sousa, D. W. Bohnert, and R. S. Marques.  2019.  Effects of vaccination timing against respiratory pathogens on performance, antibody response, and health in feedlot cattle.  J. Anim. Sci.  97:620-630.  <a href="https://doi:10.1093">https://doi:10.1093/jas/sky466</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="605"> Marques, R. S., D. W. Bohnert, O. A. de Sousa, A. P. Brandão, T. F. Schumaher, K. M. Schubach, M. P. Vilela, B. Rett, and R. F. Cooke.  2019.  Impact of twenty-four hour feed, water, or feed and water deprivation on feed intake, metabolic, and inflammatory responses in beef heifers.  J. Anim. Sci.  97:398-406.  <a href="https://doi:10.1093">https://doi:10.1093/jas/sky397</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="605"> De Sousa, O. A., R. F. Cooke, A. P. Brandão, K. M. Schubach, T. F. Schumaher, D. W. Bohnert, and R. S. Marques.  2019.  Productive and physiological responses of feeder cattle supplemented with Yucca schidigera extract during feedlot receiving.  J. Anim. Sci.  97:208-219.  <a href="https://doi:10.1093">https://doi:10.1093/jas/sky412</a>   </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Proceedings Bohnert, D. W., and J. Ranches.  2020.  Management considerations for beef cows with emphasis on offspring performance and cow nutrient requirements.  Proceedings of the 55th Annual Pacific Northwest Animal Nutrition Conference.  Boise, ID (January 13-14, 2020).  Pages 107-118.   Abstracts <table> <tbody> <tr> <td width="591"> Schroeder, V., D. Johnson, D. Bohnert, C. Boyd, T. Miller, K. Davies., and J. Dinkins.  2020.  Sagebrush-Obligate Songbird Nest Success Relative to Short-Term Moderate Rotational Cattle Grazing.  Oregon Chapter of the Wildlife Society; Eugene, OR. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="591"> Schubach, K., R. F. Cooke, A. Brandão, T. Schumaher, O. Souza, D. Bohnert, and R. Marques.  2019.  Altering the time of vaccination against respiratory pathogens enhanced antibody response and health of feedlot cattle.  J. Anim. Sci.  97:Supplement 1, Pages 39–40, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz053.089">https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz053.089</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="591"> Schubach, K., R. F. Cooke, A. Brandã:, R. marques, and D. Bohnert.  2019.  Impacts of post-weaning growth rate on reproductive development and maternal productivity of replacement beef heifers.  J. Anim. Sci.  97:Supplement 3, Pages 151–152: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.311">https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.311</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="591"> Schubach, K., R. F. Cooke, A. Brandão, D. Bohnert, and R. Marques.  2019.  Supplementing Ca salts of soybean oil to enhance carcass quality of beef cattle via metabolic imprinting events.  J. Anim. Sci.  97: Supplement 3, Pages 98–99; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.203">https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.203</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="591"> Schroeder, V., J. B. Dinkins, D. D. Johnson, W. D. Robinson, C. Boyd, T. Miller, K. Davies, F. Brummer, and D. W. Bohnert.  2019. Thinking Beyond the Sage-Grouse Umbrella: Short Term Effects of Moderate Rotational Cattle Grazing on Sagebrush-Obligate Songbird Reproductive Success. The Wildlife Society; Reno, NV. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="591"> Schroeder, V., J. B. Dinkins, D. D. Johnson, W. D. Robinson, C. Boyd, T. Miller, P. Schreder, K. Davies, F. Brummer, and D. W. Bohnert.  2019.  Contemporary grazing and sagebrush-obligate songbird reproductive success.  Oregon Chapter of the Wildlife Society; Bend, OR </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="591"> Schroeder, V., J. B. Dinkins, D. D. Johnson, W. D. Robinson, C. Boyd, T. Miller, P. Schreder, K. Davies, F. Brummer, and D. W. Bohnert.  2019. Short Term Effects of Moderate Cattle Grazing on Sagebrush-Obligate Songbirds. Oregon Chapter of the Wildlife Society; Bend, OR. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="591"> Schroeder, V., D. D. Johnson, J. B. Dinkins, C. Boyd, T. Miller, K. Davies, F. Brummer, and D. W. Bohnert.  2019. Grazing Season of Use Effects on Sagebrush-Obligate Avian Habitat. Society for Range Management Annual Meeting. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>     Extension Publications <table> <tbody> <tr> <td width="605"> Bohnert, D. W., D. Johnson, C. Boyd, K. Davies, and R. Rios.  2019.  Interspace/Undercanopy Foraging Patterns of Horses in Sagebrush Habitats: Implications for Sage-Grouse.  Beef190.  In: 2019 Oregon Beef Council Report, pp 63-65. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="605"> Johnson, D., V. Schroeder, D. Bohnert, K. Davies, P. Schreder, F. Brummer, C. Boyd, and T. Miller.  2019.  Perennial bunchgrass re-growth under different utilization seasons and intensities.  Beef183.  In: 2019 Oregon Beef Council Report, pp 29-36. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>   Popular Press <table> <tbody> <tr> <td width="605"> Ranches, J., and D. Bohnert.  2020.  Mineral Status of Beef Cattle: Are the Mineral Requirements being Met?  Oregon Cattleman.  January 2020.  pp 54-62. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="605"> Bohnert, D. W.  2019.  Preparation is Key – Tips to Trouble-Free Calf Arrivals.  Oregon Cattleman.  February 2019.  pp 48-50. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>   Publications- Texas A & M University AgriLife Research, Tryon Wickersham   Housman, L.E., J.E. Sawyer, J.R. Cox, L.A. Redmon, and T.A. Wickersham. 2020. Expeller-pressed and solvent-extracted Pongamia seedcake as a protein supplement for cattle consuming a basal diet of forage. Anim. Feed. Sci. Tech 266:114521. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114521">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114521</a>   Boardman, C.J., T.A. Wickersham, L.A. Trubenbach, and J.E. Sawyer. 2020. Effects of monensin inclusion and level of intake in limit-feeding strategies for beef cows. Translational Animal Science, 4(3), p.txaa108. <a href="https://doi-org.srv-proxy2.library.tamu.edu/10.1093/tas/txaa108">https://doi-org.srv-proxy2.library.tamu.edu/10.1093/tas/txaa108</a>   Publications – University of California – Davis, James Oltjen Klopatek, Sarah and James Oltjen. 2020. Assessing the performance of multiple grass-fed beef production systems in California. American Society of Animal Science Annual Meeting.   Klopatek, Sarah and James Oltjen. 2020. Assessing impacts of multiple grass-fed and grain-fed beef systems. California Cattleman 103(7):46-49.   Publications – University of Idaho Sprinkle, J. E., J. B. Taylor, P. E. Clark, J. B. Hall, N. K. Strong, and M. C. Roberts-Lew. 2020. Grazing behavior and production characteristics among cows differing in residual feed intake while grazing late season Idaho rangeland. J. Anim. Sci., Issue 1, January 2020, skz371, 9 pp. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz371">https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz371</a> Karl, J. W., and J. E. Sprinkle. 2019. A low-cost livestock GPS collar from commercial off-the-shelf parts. Rangeland Ecol. Manag. 72:954-958. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2019.03.003">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2019.03.003</a>   Proceedings Sprinkle, J. E., M. J. Ellison, J. B. Hall, J. V. Yelich, C. M. Willmore, and J. R. Brennan. 2019. Are low residual feed intake cows adapted to rangelands? Transl. Anim. Sci. 3:1797-1801. DOI: 10.1093/tas/txz101 Sprinkle, J. E., J. K. Sagers, J. B. Hall, M. J. Ellison, J. V. Yelich, J. R. Brennan, J. B. Taylor, and J. B. Lamb. 2019. Grazing behavior and production for cattle on differing late-season rangeland grazing systems with or without protein supplementation. Transl. Anim. Sci. 3:1792-1796. DOI: 10.1093/tas/txz100   Abstracts Hall, J. B., J. E. Sprinkle, M. Ellison, S. Goddard, B. Taylor, and J. B. Glaze. 2020. Comparison of range-based and irrigated cow-calf systems – Grazing season performance. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 23 June 2020. Madison, WI (Virtual). Sprinkle, J., M. Ellison, J. Sagers, J. Hall, J. Yelich, C. Willmore, J. Brennan, J. B. Taylor, and J. Lamb. 2020. Cow adaptations to the rangeland environment. University of Idaho Rangeland Center Fall Forum. 1 October 2020. Burley, ID. (Accepted).   Extension Publications Sprinkle, J. 2019. 2019 Utilization report Poison Creek Allotment and Rock Creek Ranch. 22 pp.   Extension Videos Sprinkle, J. Outcome-Based Management (BLM) and Adaptive Management (USFS) for Federal Grazing Permits. 41 minutes. Available at: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXaKnKWIXuc">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXaKnKWIXuc</a> Accessed 20 July 2020.          Popular Press Sprinkle, J., and B. Glaze. 2019. Beef cattle resource information from the University of Idaho. Line Rider Magazine, October 2019. 5 pp. 1,100 circulation. Sprinkle, J. 2020. Cattle grazing behavior and the environment. Cattlemen’s Corner Beef Newsletter, Southern District Extension Counties, Idaho. 3 pp. May 2020. 1,200 circulation. Sprinkle, J., E. Winford, N. Vishwanath, A. Kolok, M. Strickland, R. Findlay, and J. Lucas. 2020. U of I conducts E. coli stream contamination study. Line Rider Magazine, June 2020. 4 pp. 1,100 circulation.   Workbook: Sprinkle, J. and J. Brennan. 2019. Using 3-axis accelerometers to determine grazing activity. 16 pp. Available online at <a href="https://maine.box.com/s/g8vkkrjaexyzi9r6w0xn2gw62c5lm63u">https://maine.box.com/s/g8vkkrjaexyzi9r6w0xn2gw62c5lm63u</a>     Publications – University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Ronald M. Lewis Referred Journals Artegoitia, V. M., A. P. Foote, R. M. Lewis, and H. C. Freetly. 2019. Metabolomics profile and targeted lipidomics in multiple tissues associated with feed efficiency in beef steers. ACS Omega 4:3973-3982. doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b02494 Lewis, R. M., and G. C. Emmans. 2020. The relationship between feed intake and liveweight in domestic animals. J. Anim. Sci. 98. doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa087 Vargas Jurado, N., A. E. Tanner, S. Blevins, J. Rich, D. Fiske, W. S. Swecker, Jr., H. M. McNair, and R. M. Lewis. 2019. Diet choice can be reliably estimated using n-alkanes at two stages of growth in beef cattle in controlled (indoor) studies. Animal 13:1907-1916. doi.org/10.1017/S175173111900017X   Proceedings Vargas Jurado, N., R. M. Lewis, and K. M. Eskridge. 2019. Modeling repeated measurements of diet composition. J. Anim. Sci. 97(Suppl. 2):133 (Abstr.) doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.236     Publications – University of Wyoming, Anowar Islam   Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles Khatiwada, B., Acharya, S.N., Larney, F.J., Lupwayi, N.Z., Smith, E.G., Islam, M.A., and Thomas, J.E. 2020. Benefits of mixed grass-legume pastures and pasture rejuvenation using bloat-free legumes: A review. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. (In press). Nilahyane, A., Islam, M.A., Mesbah, A.O., Herbert, S.K., and Garcia y Garcia, A. 2020. Growth, water productivity, nutritive value, and physiology responses of silage corn to water stress. Agronomy Journal. 112:1625-1635. doi: 10.1002/agj2.20015. Islam, M.A. and Adjesiwor, A.T. 2020. Nitrogen fertilization in tall fescue: Productivity, agronomic efficiency and relative profitability. Grassland Science. 66:67–73. doi: 10.1111/grs.12261. Homer, A., Islam, M.A., Krall, J.M., Nachtman, J.J., and Groose, R.W. 2019. Registration of ‘WyoWinter’ Feed Pea for the US Central Great Plains. Journal of Plant Registrations. 13:128-133. doi:10.3198/jpr2018.07.0047crc. Aryal, P. and Islam, M.A. 2019. Establishment of forage kochia in seeding mixtures with perennial grasses. Grassland Science. 65:147–154. doi: 10.1111/grs.12228.   Book Chapter (Refereed) Islam, M.A. and Baidoo, M.M. 2020. Potassium Effect on Growth and Physiology of Alfalfa. In: Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology, 4th Edition (M. Pessarakli, Ed.). CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Publishing Company, Florida. (Accepted). Islam, M.A. and Obour, A.K. 2020. Drought Physiology of Forage Crops. In: Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology, 4th Edition (M. Pessarakli, Ed.). CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Publishing Company, Florida. (Accepted). Islam, M.A. and Adjesiwor, A. T. 2020. Moisture Stress and its Effects on Forage Production Systems. In: Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress, 4th Edition (M. Pessarakli, Ed.). CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Publishing Company, Florida. (In press). Islam, M.A. and Nilahyane, A. 2020. Water Stress Effects on Growth and Physiology of Corn. In: Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress, 4th Edition (M. Pessarakli, Ed.). CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Publishing Company, Florida. (In press).   Abstracts Lee, B.P., Ritten, J.P., Islam, M.A., Herreid, J.S., and Jabbour, R. 2020. Harvest Timing for Alfalfa Weevil Control. Proceedings of the Western Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting June 28-30, 2020. Santa Fe, NM (Western Agricultural Economics Association). Herreid, J.S., Lee, B.P., Islam, M.A., Ritten, J.P., and Jabbour, R. 2020. Effects of harvest timing on alfalfa weevil. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of America Pacific Branch Annual Meeting April 19-22, 2020. Spokane, WA (Entomological Society of America). Islam, M.A. and Baidoo, M. 2019. Potassium and Harvest Time Affect Forage Production, Nutritive Value, and Potassium Uptake of Alfalfa. Proceedings of the ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings November 10-13, 2019. San Antonio, TX (American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America). Islam, M.A. and Baidoo, M. 2019. Soil Potassium Levels and Its Effect on Alfalfa Productivity. Proceedings of the SSSA International Soils Meeting January 6-9, 2019. San Diego, CA (American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America).   Extension publications Islam, M.A. and Ashilenje, D. 2020. Grass Hay Quality and Storage. In: Basic Grass Management Strategies for Wyoming Landowners. University of Wyoming Extension Bulletin, Ed. J. Vardiman, J.S. Thompson, and S.L. Miller. University of Wyoming, Laramie (Accepted). Islam, M.A. and Ashilenje, D. 2020. Hay Production. In: Basic Grass Management Strategies for Wyoming Landowners. University of Wyoming Extension Bulletin, J. Vardiman, J.S. Thompson, and S.L. Miller. University of Wyoming, Laramie (Accepted). Baidoo, M. and Islam, M.A. 2019. Potassium and Harvest Management Effect on Alfalfa Production under Controlled Conditions. 2019 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 7-8. Available at <a href="http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2019-field-day-bulletin.pdf">http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2019-field-day-bulletin.pdf</a>. Shilpakar, C. and Islam, M.A. 2019. Competitive Ability of Native and Non-Native Grasses with Cheatgrass. 2019 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 9-10. Available at <a href="http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2019-field-day-bulletin.pdf">http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2019-field-day-bulletin.pdf</a>. Baidoo, M. and Islam, M.A. 2019. Yield Response of Reduced Lignin and Conventional Alfalfa Cultivars to Potassium. 2019 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 49-50. Available at <a href="http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2019-field-day-bulletin.pdf">http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2019-field-day-bulletin.pdf</a>. Islam, M.A., Baidoo, M. and Shilpakar, C. 2019. Evaluating Chickpea Cultivars at Different Nitrogen Rates for Forage and Grain Production. 2019 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 53-54. Available at <a href="http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2019-field-day-bulletin.pdf">http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2019-field-day-bulletin.pdf</a>. Islam, M.A., Baidoo, M. and Shilpakar, C. 2019. Forage Yield of Cool Season Grasses Planted in Fall Under Irrigated and Dryland Conditions. 2019 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 57-58. Available at <a href="http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2019-field-day-bulletin.pdf">http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2019-field-day-bulletin.pdf</a>. Jabbour, R. Islam, M.A., Lee, B., and Ritten, J. 2019. Integration of Early Harvest with Biological Control for Sustainable Alfalfa Production. 2019 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, p. 59. Available at <a href="http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2019-field-day-bulletin.pdf">http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2019-field-day-bulletin.pdf</a>. Shilpakar, C. and Islam, M.A. 2019. Establishment of Cool-Season Perennial Grasses and Legumes in Disturbed Environments. 2019 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 65-66. Available at <a href="http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2019-field-day-bulletin.pdf">http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2019-field-day-bulletin.pdf</a>. Islam, M.A., Baidoo, M. and Shilpakar, C. 2019. Evaluation of Roundup Ready Alfalfa for Adaptability to Wyoming Conditions. 2019 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 67-69. Available at <a href="http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2019-field-day-bulletin.pdf">http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2019-field-day-bulletin.pdf</a>. Islam, M.A., Baidoo, M. and Shilpakar, C. 2019. Evaluation of Forage Sorghum Cultivars Under Irrigated and Dryland Conditions. 2019 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 77-79. Available at <a href="http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2019-field-day-bulletin.pdf">http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2019-field-day-bulletin.pdf</a>. Islam, M.A., Baidoo, M. and Shilpakar, C. 2019. Tall fescue-Alfalfa Mixtures for Improved Forage Production. 2019 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 80-81. Available at <a href="http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2019-field-day-bulletin.pdf">http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2019-field-day-bulletin.pdf</a>. Horn, B., Islam, M.A., Smith, D., Jeliazkov, V., and Garcia y Garcia, A. 2019. Perennial Cool-Season Grasses under Irrigation for Hay Production and Fall Grazing. 2019 Field Days Bulletin, University of Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, pp. 94-95. Available at <a href="http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2019-field-day-bulletin.pdf">http://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2019-field-day-bulletin.pdf</a>. Islam, M.A. 2020. Potassium application and cutting schedules can improve alfalfa productivity – Part IV. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyoming’s Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, May 30, 2020. Islam, M.A. 2020. Potassium application and cutting schedules can improve alfalfa productivity – Part III. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyoming’s Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, April 11, 2020. Islam, M.A. 2020. Potassium application and cutting schedules can improve alfalfa productivity – Part II. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyoming’s Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, February 29, 2020. Islam, M.A. 2019. Potassium application and cutting schedules can improve alfalfa productivity – Part I. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyoming’s Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, November 30, 2019. Islam, M.A. 2019. Establishment and management of birdsfoot trefoil - a non-bloating forage legume. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyoming’s Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, September 14, 2019. Islam, M.A. 2019. Irrigation systems and nitrogen rates can improve yield and water use efficiency of corn for silage. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyoming’s Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, July 13, 2019. Islam, M.A. 2019. Grass-legume mixtures can maximize farm profits – another example from a recent study. Wyoming Livestock Roundup, the Weekly News Source for Wyoming’s Ranchers, Farmers, and Agribusiness Community, May 11, 2019. Islam, M.A., and Baidoo, M. 2019. Improving alfalfa productivity. Progressive Forage, Issue 10, November 1, 2019, pp. 29-31. Available at <a href="https://www.progressiveforage.com/forage-types/alfalfa/improving-alfalfa-productivity">https://www.progressiveforage.com/forage-types/alfalfa/improving-alfalfa-productivity</a>.   Publications – USDA ARS, Richard Waterman   Refereed Vermeire, L.T., Strong, D.J., Gates, E.A., Marlow, C.B., Waterman, R.C. Can mowing substitute for fire in semiarid grassland? Rangeland Ecology & Management. 73:97-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2019.08.006. 2019.   Geary, T.W., Waterman, R.C., Van Emon, M.L., Ratzburg, C.R., Lake, S., Eik, B.A., Armstrong, D.R., Zezeski, A.L., Heldt, J.S. Effect of supplemental trace minerals on novel measures of bull fertility. Translational Animal Science. 3:1813-1817. https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txz102. 2019   Book Chapter Lardy, G. P. and R. C. Waterman. Grazing Animal Nutrition. In Forages, Volume II, 7th Edition. The Science of Grassland Agriculture. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. (Kenneth J. Moore, Michael Collings, Jerry Nelson, and Daren D. Redfearn, eds.). 2020.

Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 11/08/2023

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 07/15/2023 - 07/16/2023
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2023 - 12/31/2023

Participants

Participants Attachment:

W3012 2023 Annual Meeting minutes.docx

Brief Summary of Minutes

Group voted to continue as a "W" group and made assignments for the rewrite of our project

DelCurto and Wyfels will lead the effort to rewrite our project

The group voted to host the 6^th Grazing Livestock Nutrition Conference in 2025 in conjunction with the joint Western and Southern Section meeting. At this time, it has not been established when and where this meeting will be held. Options that are being discussed by the ASAS national board along with Western and Southern section boards are Ft. Worth, TX or Oklahoma City, OK in the spring of 2025.
- General ideas put forth are as follows:
  1. Virtual fence
    1. Strategic land management (potential speaker - Dave Bohnert)
      1. What can it do for land mangers and what are the challenges moving forward
    2. Technology innovation – thinking ahead of the times (potential speaker - Dean Anderson)
      1. Idea behind this is that Dr. Anderson was one of the first to work with virtual fencing many years ago and it is just now really taking off, so the group was looking for his perspective on what he saw was its potential back in the day and where it is today, what took it so long to really take off and where will it go from here.
    3. Industry presenters
      1. Vence
      2. Halter
    4. Panel discussion
      1. Producers using the virtual fencing products
      2. Agency application to federal lands – Dwayne Rice – CO USFS Region 2 as a potential speaker
    5. Policy – public lands
      1. Attorney and public lands policy expert – Tiffany at TAMU
      2. Data ownership
    6. Cattle behavior
      1. How has technology revealed new insights into how animals think
      2. Waterer visitation – environmental drivers
    7. Supplementation
      1. Eating behavior – supplement intake and environment
      2. Topography and canopy cover influences on supplement intake
      3. Strategic supplement – targeted nutrients
        
        Glucogenic precursors
        
        Rumen protected amino acids
  - Methyl-donors
  1. Others
  1. Precision livestock management – decision support tools
    1. Available technologies and application
      1. Monitoring water and challenges /costs associated
    2. Water – surface water and water quality
      1. Coping with poor water availability and quality
      2. Waterer types (dirt tanks, drinkers, live water)
  - Mineral content – sulfur
  1. Old topics from previous planning meetings
    1. Challenges of Grazing western rangelands, this is broad, but have talks that are relevant to grazing public and private lands and incorporate researchers and industry folks that are working to understand these challenges.
      1. Wildlife and other considerations on rangeland
        
        Deseret Ranch wildlife management
        
        Cumberland grazing Co-op
      2. Wildfire
        
        Large and small
  - Fire restoration
  1. Data analysis (big data sets)
    1. Have someone explain some of the variables in the coding
      1. What can you “change” in the code to meet a specific objective or experimental design
    2. Data management – noise reduction
      1. Potential speaker – Mark Trotter CQ University
  Other ideas brought to the group was to improve our sponsorship efforts for the meeting. Continue to incorporate graduate students and poster presentations. It was also mentioned that publication of the proceedings was important and that we will need to work with ASAS to develop a suitable outlet for the papers. One potential idea was as a special supplement for TAS

Minutes Attachment:

W3012 2023 Annual Meeting minutes.docx

Accomplishments

Objective 1. Conduct research and gather information on cattle that fit Western rangelands with respect to grazing behavior, forage intake, biological efficiency, and livestock production. South Dakota State - Jameson Brennan The study consists of 6 experimental pastures (32-68 ha) assigned to 3 levels of grazing intensity (low, moderate, and high). Pastures are being grazed by yearling steers with stocking rates set at 0.72, 0.40, and 0.33 AUM/acre for the heavy, moderate, and lightly grazed pastures, respectively. Animals were divided into two treatments, rotational grazing using virtual fencing (VF), and continuous grazing across each stocking rate. Within each pasture, SmartScale (C-Lock Inc, Rapid City, SD) technology will be used to measure daily weight data for steers. SmartScale cattle weighing technology is an automated scale unit placed in front of existing water sources to provide real-time individual body weight and calculated ADG. Daily weight data was collected for the duration of the grazing season. There was a tendency steer weights (P = 0.06) and average daily gain (ADG) to be lower on virtual fence rotation treatments versus continuous treatment. ADG was 1.20 lbs/head/day for the VF treatments and 1.59 for the continuous graze treatments. To measure the impact of management scenarios on livestock behavior, cattle were fitted with VF GPS-enabled collars. Animals were virtually fenced in 2021 and 2022 to compare continuous vs rotational grazing differences across three stocking rates. Average daily grazing time, daily resting time, and daily distance traveled (DDT) was calculated and analyzed to understand the impact of stocking rate and plant community changes on livestock behavior. There was a significant interaction in DDT between treatment and stocking rate (P < 0.05). Animals within the light and heavy stocking pastures under rotational grazing traveled approximately 1 km more per day. Additional work was conducted to estimate net energy for activity (NEact) based by incorporating GPS data into livestock nutrition models. Results show a significant difference in NEact between the base nutritional model and the precision informed model. Energetic costs for NEact was estimated at 2.15 Mcals per day. result of this analysis provides levels of precision for different management regimes when quantifying energy expenditure on pasture. Ongoing analysis is looking at the influence of temperature at time in rotation on energy expenditure. University of Nebraska - Travis Mulliniks Concluded a 3-yr USDA CARE project determining the impact of increasing milk production on grazing behavior, calf microbial population, and cow-calf performance of mature range cows.  In a 3-yr study, data were collected on 178 crossbred cow-calf pairs from March- and May-calving herds. On approximately 30, 60, 90, 120, and 210 d postpartum, individual cow 24-h milk yield was estimated through weigh-suckle-weigh techniques. Rumen fluid was collected at 3 different time points in a subset of calves to determine the impact of increasing milk on rumen microbial differences. Both cows and calves were fitted with GPS collars to determine differences in grazing and suckling behavior. Steer calves were followed through to the finishing phrase for feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Four publications from this research are currently in progress.  University of California, Davis - James W. Oltjen With increasing concerns over the environmental impacts of conventional beef, grass-fed beef is now viewed by many con¬sumers as a more sustainable alternative. This evolving con¬sumer ideology has resulted in a steady increase in demand for grass-fed beef. However, un¬like conventional beef production that produces a consistent product, grass-fed beef performance and carcass quality varies signifi¬cantly depending on region, resource availability, and forage quality. In order to address consumer, producer, and other scientific concerns, this project seeks to 1) determine the per-formance, carcass qualities, and economic returns of four grass-fed and conventional beef systems currently being util¬ized by Western ranchers and 2) combine the live animal performance (from weaning to harvest) along with carcass data to build the first-ever empirically derived, multi-impact factor LCA for grass-fed beef production systems in the Western United States. Oregon State University - David Bohnert We continue working on precision livestock technologies to better manage grazing distribution and land management.   University of Idaho - James E. Sprinkle <ul> <li>Published research on efficient (EFF) vs inefficient (INE) lactating 2-yr-old cows (classified by residual feed intake) grazing rangelands during both spring (mid-lactation) and summer (late lactation). EFF cows appeared to be more heat tolerant and used more rugged terrain when temperatures were hot.</li> <li>Published WSASAS proceedings paper in Translational Animal Science on above research which identified 4 gene markers related to grazing behavior. The 2 markers related to time spent on slopes greater than 15% and maximum slope used explained 51% of the variation in phenotypic grazing behavior.</li> <li>A paper detailing how to use accelerometers for determining grazing behavior of range cows has been published in Rangeland Ecology and Management.</li> </ul> Objective 2. Continue to refine and revise methods for determining forage intake and/or dietary selection. South Dakota State - Jameson Brennan A major limitation in livestock grassland production systems is the ability to efficiently monitor and measure forage resources. Effective monitoring plans will inform appropriate stocking rates, minimize the effects of overgrazing, enable greater resilience to climate variability, and promote healthy grasslands. Grassland monitoring often requires data collection by hand, which is time and labor prohibitive for livestock producers who operate on extensive landscapes.  The goal of this project is to develop data processing pipelines that automate data integration, analysis, and interpretation of remotely sensed satellite imagery data and climate data with ground-truthed forage quality and quantity samples.Training datasets created from this effort will be used to train and test AI models to accurately predict forage conditions in real-time.  Random forest regression trees were used to predict forage quality and quantity across the two sites based on metrics derived from GEE and planet imagery. Coefficient of determination values for predicted versus measured data in 2020 were 0.87 for biomass production, 0.67 for CP, 0.91 for NDF, and 0.90 for ADF. Analysis for 2021 and 2022 is ongoing.Preliminary data from this project was submitted as part of a USDA-AFRI grant in July 2021 to develop artificial intellingence models and a web application to monitor forage resources in real time. This grant was selected for funding to continue support of this objective. University of Idaho - James E. Sprinkle With a former graduate student (Carmen Willmore), published an abstract and presented research on Forage Intake & Digesta Kinetics of Beef Cattle Differing in Feed Efficiency While Grazing Idaho Rangelands at the 2023 Society for Range Management Annual Meeting. This was a cooperative effort with Dr. Ron Lewis of University of Nebraska-Lincoln (formerly of this committee) to examine the utility of using a pulse dose alkane marker for predicting forage intake in a rangeland application. Actual intake as determined by the alkane marker was 97% of predicted intake for these cattle. New Mexico State University - Eric Scholljegerdes Continued work on the development of a sustained release bolus device using Titanium Dioxide as the inert marker. Although in the development stages, current Titanium mixtures persist in the device for greater than 40 days, which suggests the release rate would be too low to detect in the feces.  Continued work to refine mixture so that release of entire bolus would be complete at 21 days. Objective 3. Begin collection of DNA samples from females evaluated phenotypically in different production environments for future use in developing genomic tools for beef cow selection. University of Nebraska - Travis Mulliniks In part of an USDA-CARE grant on the impacts of increasing milk production in cow-calf production system, data were analyzed to characterize milk production parameters and heritability of milk production in the March and May-calving herds at GSL. This part of the study was done with the help and collaboration with Drs. Melanie Hess and Matt Spangler.  Heritability estimates of parameters of the Wood’s curve and milk yield at each time of collection (days postpartum). In addition, a repeatability model allowed us to separate effects that are genetic from those that are permanent environmental effects of the cow and estimate how repeatable a cow’s performance is likely to be (additive genetics + her permanent environmental effect). University of Idaho - James E. Sprinkle All experimental cattle being used for grazing behavior research have been and continue to be DNA typed using the Neogen 50K Geneseek Genomic Profiler chip. Ongoing analyses by Dr. Brenda Murdoch’s lab at the University of Idaho are being conducted to determine if genetic markers can be located on the bovine genome which establish a correlation between grazing activity and feed efficiency. Objective 4.  Evaluate methods of nutritional intervention that optimizes ruminant livestock production on rangelands. South Dakota State - Jameson Brennan Developing a heifer to replace a cull cow is an expensive management decision, and finding ways to reduce those costs is critical to increase producer efficiency and profit margins. Producers developing heifers typically manage animals to reach 60-65% of mature body weight at time of breeding as yearlings, and 85-90% at time of calving as two-year-olds. Research has demonstrated that heifers developed on low-input forage based systems (e.g. native winter range) may be more profitable and have greater marketing flexibility than dry lot heifer development systems. Heifers raised on range forage systems generally require supplementation with protein and/or energy to achieve adequate gain to meet target body weights at strategic times during development, breeding, and calving. Challenges to developing grazing animals to target body weight include differences in initial animal body weight and large variability in individual supplement consumption, which compounds variability in body weight gain and ability to have each heifer achieve her desired target. The goal of this project is to develop a data analytics tool to help producers make informed and effective decisions regarding heifer development programs by incorporating machine learning models with precision feeding and weighing technology. All technology for the project (precision feeders and scales) were obtained in the summer of 2021. First year of research was conducted in the winter of 2021-2022 to compare precision vs traditional bunk fed methods. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in ADG and difference from target weight (P < 0.05) between the two treatments. ADG was 1.76 lb/head/day for the precision treatment and 1.93 lb/head/day for the control. The control group was 69 lbs over target weight and the precion group was 30 lbs over target weight. In addition, animals within the precision group consumed 85 kg/head less feed than the bunk fed group and resulted in a feed savings of $28 per head. Results from this study were used for the development of a precision systems model, the Range Cattle Supplement Allotment model (RCSAmodel), which dynamically adjusts supplement intake for individual animals based on several factors, including body weight (BW, kg), current average daily gain (ADG, kg/d) and a target BW (381 kg). We completed this by developing RCSAmodel, using real-time animal performance data, nutrient and growth equations, and by developing a supplement optimization model. All of these components made up the RCSAmodel, which was used to compare observed findings from the first study with predicted gains and intake modeled by the RCSAmodel. Results of this comparison indicated three main trends for heifers: over-, under-, or adequately supplemented; additional analysis identified that heifers were over and under supplemented 69% and 31% of the time when supplemented. University of Nebraska - Travis Mulliniks  Performance of young March-calving range cows receiving a protein supplement with the addition of either monensin or propionate salt were compared to evaluate the effect of feed additive on overall production in the postpartum stage. Cow body weight and body condition were not impacted by postpartum supplementation throughout the study. Calf body weights were not impacted by type of feed additive at birth, weaning, or 205-d.  Twenty-four-hour milk production was not impacted by the type of feed additive.  Conception rates for cows receiving postpartum supplementation containing propionate salt were greater than cows receiving monensin.  This implies that the addition of propionate salt when supplementing young range cows in the postpartum period can increase pregnancy rate resulting in an increase in marginal revenue compared to cows fed monensin. Implementation of supplemental protein strategies during late gestation has been shown to positively affect postweaning progeny performance. A 3-yr study (2-yr of data shown) study was conducted to evaluate the effects of late gestation supplementation strategies on reproduction, cow body weight, and calf performance in March-calving mature range cows grazing dormant upland range. Supplementation was individually fed and provided daily with treatments being: 1) no supplementation, 2) 2 lb per day of a 30% CP distillers-based supplement, 3) 2 lb per day of a 30% CP distillers-based supplement with the inclusion of 160 mg/cow daily of monensin, 4) 2 lb per day of a 30% CP distillers-based supplement with the inclusion of 40 g/cow daily of propionate salt. Cows that received any of the 3 supplemental protein treatments gained similar BW; whereas cows that received no supplement gained the least BW during late gestation. Supplementation strategy did influence subsequent reproductive performance with CaProp and Supp cows having the greater pregnancy rates. Late gestation supplementation did not influence subsequent calf BW at birth, weaning, and entry into the feedlot. However, late gestation strategy tended to influence steer BW at finishing with offspring from NoSupp dams had the lightest finishing BW.  Average daily gain, DMI, and F:G were not influenced by dam’s late gestation supplementation strategy. Overall, protein supplementation in general had a positive impact on overall cow-calf performance compared to no protein supplementation. However, cows that were fed protein supplement or protein supplement with the inclusion of propionate salts had increased subsequent pregnancy rates. Implementation of minimal supplemental protein strategies during late gestation may have the potential to minimize any negative postweaning progeny performance while decreasing feed costs. A 3-yr study was conducted to evaluate the effects of mid- to late-gestation supplementation strategies on reproduction, cow body weight, and calf performance in May-calving mature range cows grazing upland native range. Supplementation was provided 2x weekly with treatments being: 1) 0.5 lb per day of a 30% CP distillers-based supplement, 2) 1 lb per day of a 30% CP distillers-based supplement, 3) a negative control as a flexible supplementation strategy. The Flex strategy was developed to allow for brief and intermittent supplementation at 1 lb/d based on periods of acute environmental stress, such as snow cover, and is best described as flexible supplementation. Mid- to late-gestation supplementation strategy in May-calving cows had no effect on pregnancy rates or pre- and postnatal calf growth. Considering the cost for prepartum supplementation, feeding a protein supplement just during environmentally stressful periods during gestation appears to be a viable alternative to more conventional methods and reduces winter feed costs. A 3-yr study was conducted to evaluate the effects of postpartum supplementation strategy on reproduction, cow body weight, and calf performance in lactating young 2- and 3-yr-old May-calving range cows. Supplementation was initiated 30 d prior to the start of the breeding season (45-d postpartum) and continued throughout the 45-d breeding season (125-d postpartum). Supplementation was provided daily with treatments being: 1) mineral supplement alone, 2) mineral with an additional 0.5 lb/d of a high rumen undegradable protein source (porcine blood meal and hydrolyzed feather meal), or 3) dried distiller grains. Supplementation strategy did not influence changes in cow body weight or body condition score. However, reproductive performance in cows receiving either the mineral with RUP and the dried distiller grains cows were increased over the mineral alone, which demonstrates the need to increase metabolizable protein supply during the breeding season to positively impact reproduction in young, May calving cows.  Oregon State University - David Bohnert We continue to work on various aspects of nutritional and management strategies that influence calf health, and performance of beef cows grazing PNW rangelands. New Mexico State University - Eric Scholljegerdes Conducted experiment using rumen protected arginine fed to 2-year-old cows 30 days prior to artificial insemination.  We collected uterine flushings to determine the impact of the supplementation of arginine on the histotroph. This work will provide knowledge on how supplementation can prepare the uterine environment for improved conception. University of Idaho - James E. Sprinkle A journal article was published examining how protein supplementation altered grazing behavior when used in both rotationally and continuously grazed dormant pastures. Cattle altered their grazing behavior in response to climate, supplementation status, and the grazing system. Cattle that were deprived of the protein supplement and stayed in the same continuously grazed pasture showed more restlessness in their behavior, spending more time walking from midnight to 8 a.m. Additionally, the harvest rate of dormant forage increased for the supplemented cattle. Objective 5. Provide Extension and outreach education in extensive livestock production systems. South Dakota State - Jameson Brennan In the era of big data analytics, it can be a challenge for livestock producers to leverage a multitude of data streams and information to help inform management decisions on their operation. For example, from a grazing management standpoint, many livestock producers consistently turn animals out to pasture on the same date every year; however, grazing readiness can be dictated by species composition and the number of growing degree days that have accumulated. Open source climate datasets like PRISM can be used to estimate historic dates for optimal spring turnout based on accumulated growing degree days, but accessing and analyzing these datasets can be challenging. Previously mentioned in my research statement, the development of web based tools to inform livestock management is a key component to my extension program. My goal is to develop tools that are both intuitive to use and incorporate methods to help visualize data for decision making. Using my background in data science, to date I have developed and deployed five tools in program R in support of this effort. Combined, these tools have had over 3,000 users from around the world. Specific web apps that have been developed include: 1) a grazing calculator app (<a href="https://agland.sdstate.edu/Graze_Calculator/">https://agland.sdstate.edu/Graze_Calculator/</a>) that enables producers to calculate either the amount of acres needed or the amount of time an area can be grazed based on user provided input, 2) a spring grazing readiness map (<a href="https://agland.sdstate.edu/Grazing_Readiness/">https://agland.sdstate.edu/Grazing_Readiness/</a>) that utilized open source data to demonstrate spring turnout dates over a 40 year period based on accumulated growing degree days, 3)  a mineral consumption calculator to track herd level mineral consumption in support of a field specialists signature program (<a href="https://agland.sdstate.edu/Mineral_Calculator/">https://agland.sdstate.edu/Mineral_Calculator/</a>), 4) a bull EPD (<a href="https://agland.sdstate.edu/Bull_Epd/">https://agland.sdstate.edu/Bull_Epd/</a>) web app that aggregates data from 4 semen providers with sliders for users to narrow down selection, and 5) a bison economics tool to visualize bison price and carcass data from the USDA AMS (<a href="https://agland.sdstate.edu/Bison_Price/">https://agland.sdstate.edu/Bison_Price/</a>).  Future efforts for this program include developing a web app to visualize climate data compared to historical norms, create a tool to predict forage quality and quantity in real time for grazing management decisions, and develop tools to help plan for drought. University of Nebraska - Travis Mulliniks <ul> <li>Published two newsletters (fall and spring) for the Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory had 5,169 downloads.</li> <li>Wrote or co-wrote 8 extension articles and did 5 podcasts.</li> <li>Chaired, organized, and spoke at the 2022 Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory Open House in Whitman, NE.  The Open House had over 200 stakeholders and exhibitors from 7 different states and 3 countries (US, New Zealand, and Canada). </li> <li>Co-lead teacher and organizer of the NE Ranch Practicum located at the Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory, which had 33 participants.</li> <li>Invited speaker at the 2022 Academy of Veterinary Consultants Summer Conference in Kansas City, MO on “Managing the cowherd through drought” (500 + participates). </li> <li>Invited speaker at 14 different UNL extension programs in 2022 (250 attendees representing 639,270 acres and 181,690 cows).</li> <li>In addition to the programming, 315 rations were formulated for range beef cows, heifers, and backgrounding steers for stakeholders in Nebraska and other states (~160,000 cows, heifers, and steers). Along with rations, I made 22 different ranch visits to meet with producers on a one-on-one basis.</li> </ul> Oregon State University - David Bohnert   <ul> <li>Presented 15 talks (9 at professional meetings; 5 invited) on management considerations for rangeland-based cow/calf operations to approximately 800 people.</li> <li>Assisted in the organization and conduction of experiential learning opportunities. These opportunities included the Annual Harney County Second Grade Field Trip which hosted over 70 students from schools located in Harney County, Oregon, the annual Oregon Range Field Day with approximately 120 participants, EOARC/OSU Calving Schools with over 100 participants, and the EOARC AI Schools with over 25 participants.</li> </ul> New Mexico State University - Eric Scholljegerdes <ul> <li>Invited Speaker, Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cows. Managing for fertility in nutrient limited environments. September, 2023.</li> <li>Invited Speaker, American Society of Animal Science, Beef Cow Symposium Nutritional challenges of beef cows and heifers in arid rangelands. July 2023</li> <li>Invited Speaker, California Cattlemen’s Association. Cow nutritional management: Making the cows work for you.  December 2022.</li> <li>Invited Speaker, NMSU Dept. Anim. Sci. and Extension Animal Sciences. Corona Producer day - Nutritional management of small ruminants – focus on fertility. November 2022.</li> <li>Invited Speaker, Beef Improvement Federation. Impact of cow nutrition on final body composition end points in their calves. June 2022</li> <li>Invited Speaker, Beef Improvement Federation. Impact of arid environments on beef cow resiliency. June 2022</li> </ul> University of Idaho - James E. Sprinkle <ul> <li>Presented 19 in person and 8 virtual talks on range livestock nutrition, range livestock research, and outcome-based management at 7 different locations in Idaho and 1 location in Oregon plus several remote Idaho locations to approximately 582 people. One of these talks was an invited presentation on Finding the Ideal Cow to Fit Idaho Rangelands to the Idaho Legislature House Ag Affairs Committee.</li> <li>Assisted in presenting 2 invited talks on research findings related to coli and grazing to 65 people at 2 different locations in Idaho. A co-investigator presented the same topic at 2 other locations in Idaho.</li> <li>A targeted grazing project received the USDA Forest Service 2023 Rangeland Ingenuity Award.</li> </ul> Objective 6. Provide professional development and mentoring opportunities for committee participants, young scientists, stakeholders, and graduate students. South Dakota State - Jameson Brennan Three M.S. students completed their thesis related to this project. Currently 2 M.S. students and 2 PhD students are working towards their graduate degree related to this project. In addition we held a precision livestock management field school this past year to train students on precision technology deployment and processing big datasets. This was attended by 14 graduate students in animal, range, and engineering. University of Nebraska - Travis Mulliniks <ul> <li>Major professor MS student, Selby Boerman, investigating the impact of increasing milk production on grazing behavior, cow-calf performance, and rumen kinetics in range beef cows.</li> <li>Co-Major professor MS student, Josie Crouch, investing the impact of heifer development system on heifer performance, longevity, and production system efficiency.</li> </ul> Oregon State University - David Bohnert <ul> <li>Member of Graduate Committee, Kala Ruth, D. Candidate Animal and Rangeland Sciences/Wildlife Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, 2020-2023.</li> <li>Member of Graduate Committee,Vinicius Alves Cruz, Ph.D. Candidate Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Montana State University, 2023-2026</li> <li>Mentoring of graduate student, Tyler Harris, M.S. Candidate Animal and Rangeland Sciences/Wildlife Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, 2020-2023</li> </ul> New Mexico State University - Eric Scholljegerdes Ccurrent advisees and recent graduates: Current students: Katy Jo Richardson, PhD, NMSU, Dept. Anim. Range Sci. 2023-Present (Advisor) Clayton Bedke, PhD, NMSU, Dept. Anim. Range Sci. 2022- Present (Advisor) Joyce Ann Cooper, M.S., NMSU, Dept. Anim. Range Sci. 2022-Present (Co-Advisor). Imelda Martinez, MAG., NMSU, Dept. Anim. Range Sci. 2022-Present (Advisor). Taylor Andrews, PhD, NMSU, Dept. Anim. Range Sci., 2021-Present. (Co-Advisor) Lyndi Bryant, PhD, NMSU, Dept. Anim. Range Sci., 2020-Present (Co-Advisor) Alexis Selman, M.S., NMSU, Dept. Anim. Range Sci. 2018-Present (Advisor). Kathryn Smith, PhD., NMSU Dept. Anim. Range Sci., 2017-Present. (Co-Advisor) Completed this past year: Kristie Gallacher, M.S., NMSU, Dept. Anim. Range Sci. 2023 (Co-Advisor). Emily Melchior, PhD, NMSU, Dept. Anim. Range Sci., 2022 (Advisor). University of Idaho - James E. Sprinkle <ul> <li>Member of Graduate Committee, Hope De Avila, M.S., College of Natural Resources, 2022-present.</li> <li>Member of Graduate Committee, Dan Lauritzen, Ph. D., College of Natural Resources, 2020-present.</li> <li>Major Advisor, Landon Sullivan, Ph. D., Animal & Veterinary Science, 2020-present.</li> <li>Supervised 2 undergraduate interns in conducting range livestock nutrition and grazing behavior research in 2021 (Harleigh Johnson) and 2022 (Gabriella Ponce).</li> </ul> Grants – Funded   Climate Resilient Beef: Using precision data to measure performance traits on weaning to finishing stocker cattle. Parsons, I., Brennan, J.R., Menendez, H., Cammack, K., and Blair, A. 2023. C-Lock Inc. Equipment Grant. $150,000. The grass is greener on the other side: Developing climate-smart beef and bison commodities. 2022. K. Cammack, A. Blair, H. Menendez, J.R. Brennan (Co-PI), K. Ehlert, C. Graham, R. Short, and J.M. Martin. USDA-NRCS. $80,000,000. Programming beef marbling through precision feeding. A.D. Blair, K.C. Olson, J. Brennan, H. Menendez, K.R. Underwood, J.K. Grubbs, C.E. Bakker, Z.K. Smith, M.G. Gonda, J. Gonzalez. South Dakota Beef Industry Council. $120,543. Benchmarking the pounds of beef produced per unit of methane during the stocker phase across different pasture systems. A.D. Blair, K.C. Olson, J. Brennan, H. Menendez, K. Ehlert, J.R. Jaeger, K.R. Underwood, J.K. Grubbs, C.E. Bakker. South Dakota Beef Industry Council. $41,760. Standardizing data management and terminology for increased adoption of virtual fence systems. 2022. J.R. Brennan (PD), L. Vandermark, H. Menendez, R. Reuter, M. Stephenson, D. Hoag, P. Meiman, J. Beard, and R. O’Connor. USDA-NIFA. $73,274. DSFS-AI: Leveraging data science, remote sensing, and open source tools to inform grassland management decisions for livestock producers. J.R. Brennan (PD), K. Ehlert, A.J. Leffler, H. Moradi, and A. Smart. 2021. USDA-DSFAS-AI. $649,948. Precision Prairies: An Integrated Approach to Range Management, Climate Mitigation, and Improved Cattle Performance. Menendez H, K. Ehlert, A. Blair, J.R. Brennan (Co-PI), A.J. Leffler, S. Hadrick, K. Olson and T. Wong. 2021. USDA-NIFA IDEAS. $1,000,000. Integrating technology and analytics to inform heifer development programs. J.R. Brennan (PI), K.C. Olson, R. Salverson, A. Harty, A.D. Blair, and K. Ehlert. 2020-2023. C-Lock Inc Equipment Grant. $77,650. Precision Livestock Management Systems for Western Rangelands. D. Bohnert (PI), J. Ranches, and B. Endress. 2022-2025. USDA-ARS. $450,000 Implementing sustainable Meadow Creek cattle grazing practices through active herd management.  D. Bohnert (PI). 2021-2024.  USDA Forest Service. $30,000. Effects of electrolyte solution supplementation on health parameters and performance of beef calves post-weaning. J. Ranches (PI) and D. Bohnert (co-PI). 2022-2023. Oregon Beef Council. $23,000 per year. Sprinkle, J., L. Sullivan, S. Jensen, J. Hall, B. Glaze, M. Stegemiller, and B. Murdoch. Finding the Ideal Cow for Rangeland Sustainability: Nature or Nurture? Mary A. Turner Livestock Research Endowment. $5,000. 2023-2023. Sprinkle, J., L. Sullivan, S. Jensen, J. Hall, B. Glaze, M. Stegemiller, and B. Murdoch. Finding the Ideal Cow for Rangeland Sustainability: Nature or Nurture? Rinker Rock Creek Ranch Research Endowment. $5,000. 2023-2023. Launchbaugh, K., T. D. Hudson, J. W. Karl, K. D. Lee, G. K. Murdoch, D. W. Shrestha, and J. E. Sprinkle. Technology to manage livestock location within range and reality. USDA-NIFA AFRI Foundational and Applied Science Program, $981,000. 2022-2025. Sprinkle, J., J. Hall, L. Sullivan, S. Jensen, B. Glaze, M. Stegemiller, and B. Murdoch. Maternal influences upon calf adaptability to rangeland. David Little Livestock Range Management Endowment. $7,000. 2022-2022. Sprinkle, J., S. Jensen J. Hall, B. Glaze, B. Murdoch, J. England, L. Sullivan, and M. Stegemiller. Finding the ideal cow for rangeland sustainability: Nature or nurture? UI Extension Innovative Project Award Grant. $10,000. 2022-2023. Karl, J., C. Packer, E. Winford, and J. Sprinkle. Measuring recreation use and its potential impacts on grazing cattle at Rinker Rock Creek Ranch. David Little Livestock Range Management Endowment. $5,000. 2022-2022. Sprinkle, J. E. 2022. University of Idaho internship. University of Idaho Cooperative Extension, $5,000. 2021-2022. Sprinkle, J. and R. Collier. Evaluation of injectable trace mineral on grazing behavior and heat stress of range cattle. Idaho Ag Experiment Station, $11,632 for laboratory analyses for 2021 samples. 2021-2022. Sprinkle, J. E. 2021. University of Idaho internship. University of Idaho Cooperative Extension, $5,000. 2021-2021. Hall, J. B., B. Glaze, S. Williams, J. Sprinkle, J. Packham, B. Eborn, H. Tejeda, M. Ellison, and P. Bass. Advanced Ranch Management School. Innovative Project Award. $7,962. 2021-2022. Sprinkle, J., J. Hall, L. Sullivan, and S. Jensen. Maternal influences upon calf adaptability to rangeland. David Little Livestock Range Management Endowment. $2,000. 2020-2021. Sprinkle, J., J. Hall, L. Sullivan, and S. Jensen. Maternal influences upon calf adaptability to rangeland. Rangeland Center, University of Idaho. $2,000. 2020-2021.

Publications

Impact Statements

Through the use of protein supplements on dormant season forage, cattle increase harvesting efficiency as well as performance.