Annual/Termination Reports:

[02/27/2019] [02/21/2020] [01/29/2021] [03/04/2022] [08/28/2023]

Report Information

Participants

Joel Brendemuhl University of Florida brendj@ufl.edu

Lee Chiba Auburn University chibale@auburn.edu

Mark Estienne Virginia Tech-Tidewater AREC mestienn@vt.edu

Bob Godfrey* University of the Virgin Islands rgodfre@uvi.edu

Merlin Lindemann University of Kentucky merlin.lindemann@uky.edu

Crystal Levesque South Dakota State University crystal.levesque@sdstate.edu
Charles Maxwell University of Arkansas cmaxwell@uark.edu

Eric van Heugten North Carolina State University Eric_vanHeueten@NCSU.edu

Chris Hostetler National Pork Board chostetler@pork.org
Chad Risley Berg+Schmidt America, LLC crisley@berg-schmidt.com

Brief Summary of Minutes

Thursday, January 3, 2019

Morning Session

 Joint session with NCCC42

1. The meeting was called to order promptly at 8:00 a.m. by the chair of S-1081, Dr. Merlin Lindemann, from the University of Kentucky. Lindemann and chair of NCCC42, Dr. Ryan Dilger from the University of Illinois, led the first session.  An overview of the agenda was presented and changes noted.

2. Current officers of committees were announced for S-1081 (Chair, Lindemann; Vice-Chair, Dr. Charles Maxwell from the University of Arkansas; and secretary, Dr. Mark Estienne from Virginia Tech) and NCCC42 (Chair, Dilger; Vice-Chair, Dr. Shengafa Liao from Mississippi State University; and secretary, Dr. Tayo Adedokun from the University of Kentucky). Others in attendance introduced themselves.  Names, institutions and e-mail addresses for those attending appear in Table 1.

3. Administrative advisors for NCCC42 and S-1081 were asked to make comments. Don Beitz, from Iowa State University, is administrative advisor for NCCC42 and is new to the post.  Beitz stated that a new project proposal was submitted by NCCC42 last fall and is currently under review.  Dr. Bob Godfrey, from the University of Virgin Islands, is the new administrative advisor for S-1081.  Godfrey announced that the new project proposal for S-1081 was approved and noted that the entire submission process had progressed in a smooth fashion.  Godfrey also noted that reports of the annual Meeting were due within 60 days of the meeting.

4. Because of the current Federal government shutdown, Dr. Charlotte Kirk Baer from the USDA was unable to attend the meeting and provide an update on NIFA. Lindemann stated that there is a possibility that NIFA will move out of Washington, D.C. and this was discussed.  Approximately 131 cities and universities have made proposals to relocate NIFA to their location.  Many people (e.g., land grant universities) are opposed to a potential move and many USDA employees have begun to look for jobs elsewhere.  Possible benefits of a move out of USDA include a location that is closer to stakeholders and decreased operating costs (rental agreements for the current location are soon to be renegotiated).

5. Dean Boyd from the Hanor Company, was invited to provide his perspectives on Current Hot Topics and nutrition research in the future. Prior to his addressing the group via telephone, Lindemann provided a summary of Boyd’s background.  Boyd is a University of Nebraska graduate with over 38 years of experience in academic and industry research. He was a faculty member at Cornell University for 14 years before leaving for PIC with the goal of expediting application of research findings into industry.  With a Genetics colleague, Boyd started a PIC research unit and studied amino acid utilization in pigs.  He collaborated with Drs. Etherton at Pennsylvania State University and Alee at the University of Missouri, and was an adjunct professor at both institutions.  The application of their work was synthetic amino acid use.  At the Hanor Company, Boyd developed research facilities in Illinois, Iowa and Oklahoma, and is an adjunct professor at North Carolina State University, University of Kentucky, and Iowa State University, and works with PIC genus and Alliance swine groups.                  

Boyd summarized how pig nutrition research has changed:  1) New scientists are highly trained and work at a very high level, 2) internal funds have decreased, 3) multidisciplinary research has increased (e.g., feed efficiency group), 4) Some research groups have developed small “armies” of people, 5) By today’s standards, University swine facilities are generally small so industry units must be utilized, and 6) Pace of research is high and must increase. 

In response to a question from Lindemann, Boyd stated that Industry-University collaboration is not a saturated market.  Industry looks primarily at personal relationships that are mutually beneficial.  Universities bring to the table: 1) Good minds, 2) Hands to do work, and 3) ability to iron out details.  Examples of companies with university research ties: Prestage, Iowa Select, Smithfield, Seaboard and Christensen Farms.  New Fashion Pork has worked with Kansas State University.

Dr. Chris Hostetler, from the National Pork Board, asked, “How do you counter the argument that we (Industry) can do the research ourselves?”  Boyd stated Industry and Universities must work together because no one else is interested in the type of work that needs to be done.  The seasonal infertility problem in swine has been largely resolved through University and industry collaborative research.  The National Pork Board has been great at identifying areas of research and developing ties between industry and universities.  He stated the Poultry Industry is a good example of what can happen if industry and Universities do not work together.  Most University Poultry Departments are gone so there are few places training Ph.D. students that can fill industry jobs.  The Poultry industry currently needs 6 Ph.D. trained individuals to fill jobs and there are no candidates.  Boyd says a problem is some Deans and Department Heads are “cell biology” types who do not understand the university mission and do not have an appreciation for applied research.  He is “down” on persons conducting science for science sake only with no production or application end points in mind.

Boyd is concerned about the attrition of applied research scientists.  He stated that today’s students are well trained in basic biology but also need to be cognizant of application.  He also stated that in general University facilities fall behind industry facilities in terms of size and technology.  Industry facilities are more current/up-to-date.  Carthage, Gorley, and Hanor facilities can be used for sow studies.  He is encouraged by new facilities constructed at some Universities, such as South Dakota State University.  Boyd stated he is also concerned about funding for graduate students which is costly.

Boyd provided his thoughts on where he sees swine nutritionists at Land Grant Universities fitting in.  Provide basic science but with application in mind.  Then industry can conduct the applied research.  He gave as a good example of this “team” approach Dr. Eric van Heugten’s fat quality and gut work at North Carolina State University.           

Boyd ended with a brief summary of what he thinks are key research needs:  “real-time” ability to determine nutrient content of feedstuffs (as an example of need he described the content of DDGS being all over the board).  He sees a need for continued work on synthetic amino acids in weaned pigs including Val, Met, Iso, Lys, Trp, etc., and on growth promotion.  Specific questions include what constituent acts as a growth promotor in soybeans?  Does it have anti-inflammatory effects? Can high soybean meal levels be used for disease mitigation?  Other research needs include work in oxidative stress and the microbiome.  

6. Joel Brendemuhl, from the University of Florida, announced potential dates for next year’s (2020) meeting were January 7-8 (travel day of January 6) or January 6-7 (travel day of January 5).

The session was adjourned at 9:45 a.m.

S-1081 Break-out Session

1. The S-1081 session was called to order at 10:20 a.m. by chair Lindemann. Those present were Drs. Lindemann, Maxwell, Estienne, Brendemuhl, Crystal Levesque from South Dakota State University, Eric van Heugten from North Carolina State University, and Lee Chiba from Auburn University. Also attending was Dr. Bob Godfrey, new S-1081 administrative advisor, and Dr. Chad Risley from Berg+Schmidt.  

Lindemann reviewed the approval process for the most recently submitted project proposal (S-1081).  Lindemann thanked Godfrey for his assistance during the project review and also for his willingness to attend the meeting.  For Godfrey’s benefit each committee member briefly described facilities at the home institution.  Lindemann.  The University of Kentucky swine facility near Versailles, KY opened in 2001 and is in good shape.  Capacity is 80 – 100 sows and Lindemann noted that the facility supplies the University of Tennessee with pigs.  Estienne.  The Virginia Tech- Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Suffolk, has older swine facilities, most of which were constructed in the 1960’s.  Capacity is 96 sows, but the unit currently batch farrows 40 – 50 total sows and supplies the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine with pigs on occasion.  The Suffolk facility is approximately 275 miles from the Virginia Tech campus in Blacksburg.  A new swine facility to replace the existing swine center on campus has been approved and will be located off-site at the Kentland farm.  Levesque.  South Dakota State University has a 2-year old swine facility the bill for which was recently paid in full.  The main unit near campus is spaced for 150 sows and 10 miles south of town is a 1,200-head wean-to-finish unit.  Van Heugten.  North Carolina State University has a 200-sow farrow-to-finish facility that was constructed in 1987.  Thirty-two to 40 sows farrow monthly.  A 200-sow, farrow-to-finish research facility is also located in Plymouth, NC that batch farrows under the supervision of Dr. Mark Knauer.  There are 5 hoop barns at a research facility in Rocky Mount, NC that maintains the antibiotic-free sow herd originally housed at the University of Kentucky.  Finally, the former Swine Evaluation Station in Clayton, NC, can accommodate grow-finish trials with 99 pens (6 pigs/pen).  Research facilities are serviced by a recently constructed feed mill.  The University Animal Science Department has 5 nutritionists, a reproductive physiologist, and a geneticist working in the swine area.  Maxwell.  The University of Arkansas swine facility has 150 PIC sows with 30 to 35 farrowing every seven weeks (6 to 7 farrowing groups per year).  Maxwell noted that research is facilitated by an outside statistician that returns analyzed data in just a few days.  Chiba.   Originally with 5 units, Auburn University now has one swine facility with 70 to 90 sows, 20 of which are of Mangalitsa genetics.  The unit has 18 farrowing crates and 18 nursery pens.  Brendemuhl.  The University of Florida once had three swine units and 6 to 7 faculty conducting swine research.  Today there is only one unit with no active swine research program.  A handful of sows farrow every 5 to 6 weeks and are used primarily for teaching.

2. Objectives contained in the new S-1081 project were briefly discussed. The three objectives are to determine reproductive effects of feeding sows boron (objective 1; Maxwell or Lindemann to serve as coordinator) or phytogenic additives (objective 2; Chiba or Lindemann to serve as coordinator).  Objective 3 is to determine reproductive effects of phase feeding gestating sows and the coordinator is Levesque.  Levesque stated that Objective 3 is underway at South Dakota State University and sows are receiving a constant 12 g lysine/day throughout gestation; 12 g lysine/day until increased to 17 g/day in late gestation; or 12 g lysine/day and then “pulled back” to 7 – 10 g/day (adjusted based on parity) early/mid gestation.

3. A project outside the S-1088 objectives was discussed. The study would determine amino acid and fatty acid composition in sow milk.  Kevin Touchette with Ajinomoto will assist with milk amino acid analyses and Risley from Berg+Schmidt will facilitate fatty acid analyses.  Basically, 20 to 50 sows at each participating station would supply 50-mL milk samples at two times during lactation.  Samples would be lyophilized and shipped for analyses.  Sow breed, parity, litter size, litter ADG, diet composition, lactation weight change, and feed intake would be recorded.  Stations expressing an interest in participating were University of Arkansas, South Dakota State University, Virginia Tech, University of Kentucky, and North Carolina State University.  Lindemann agreed to initiate protocol development that will be distributed to those interested.

The session was adjourned at 12:15 p.m.

Afternoon Session

Joint session with NCCC42

1. Dilger called the meeting back to order at 1:15 p.m.

2. Hostetler gave an update on the National Pork Board. He stated that due to budget reductions there would be no production data report or scholarships for 2019.  Hostetler described the change in pork marketing from a “Business to Consumer Model” to a “Business to Business Model”.  In other words, advertising will not be focused on the consumer in a grocery store but rather businesses such as McDonalds that purchase large quantities of pork.

He described the potential of social media.  One You-tube content provider has 800,000 followers.  The following message went out on that medium:  1) Cook pork to 145° F, 2) Pork is versatile, and 3) Pork is delicious.  In response, the google searches in response to the message can be monitored, for example, after reading that message do people google search “Pork recipes”?  Moreover, what is subsequently purchased at the store can be monitored.

The National Pork Board’s research priorities include: 1) Nutrition, and 2) Pig Survivability.  Hostetler provided these statistics in regard to pig survivability:  9% still born, 17% pre-weaning death, 6.5% nursery death loss, 4.0% grow-finish death, and 2.0% dead at plant.  This issue is to be resolved by a consortium approach led by Jason Ross at Iowa State University.  Funding of $1.5 to 2.0 million will be provided to 16 faculty members at three universities over the next 5 years, and will include research, outreach, and training.  A focus for 2019 will be technology for monitoring pigs.

3. Risley, general manager/CEO for Berg + Schmidt America, LLC, provided an update from the non-ruminant committee of AFIA. He has a great deal of experience in the animal feed industry, having also worked for Continental Grain- Wayne Feeds, Chr. Hansen, A/S (involved with Bioplus 2B), and Lucta USA, Inc.

Risley reported AFIA is involved with education and training and major issues of concern include: Animal Feed Safety, Ingredient Availability, Trade and Sustainability.   

AFIA has a new website and Risley encouraged attendees to visit (www.AFIA.org).

AFIA CEO Joel G. Newman is retiring.  Overall, AFIA is financially sound.

AFIA activities include High Producing Sow symposium in Atlanta, GA; AFIA/Kansas State University collaborative training; Ingredient Purchasing meeting in May, 2019 in Orlando, FL; and, a liquid feed symposium in September 2019.

Rod Cooper is executive director for I-Feeder.  Funding/contributions to I-Feeder has been poor.    Role of I-Feeder is to promote general feed research and advocacy; research focused on receiving support from the U.S. Capitol; securing data; and education programs.  Examples of I Feeder projects include a survey of animal welfare in production systems employing non-antibiotic-fed animals; Salmonella in feed samples; and feeding life cycle analysis.  A new project focuses on the effect a declaration that all animal feed must be from non-GMO sources would have on the feed industry.

The nutrition committee of AFIA has determined that the following are areas in need of research:  sustainability; antibiotic-free feeding; novel proteins; nursery pig performance and impact on future performance; heat stress; food safety; foreign animal disease and entry via feed; novel ingredients; sow mortality; microbiome; and immune function.

4. Dilger reminded attendees to investigate the new DSM award to be presented at the Mid-west meeting of ASAS. The closing date is January 15, 2019 and information can be found at the DSM and ASAS websites.

5. Attendees presented brief station reports: Brendemuhl (Florida); Chiba (Alabama); Estienne (Virginia); Lindemann and  Adedokun (Kentucky); Levesque and Dr. Tofuko Woyengo (South Dakota);  Maxwell (Arkansas); van Heugten and Dr. Sung Woo Kim (North Carolina);   Layi Adeola (Indiana); Dr. Mike Azain (Georgia); Dr. Scott Carter (Oklahoma); Dr. Tom Crenshaw (Wisconsin); Dilger (Illinois); Dr. Rajesh Jha (Hawaii); Liao (Mississippi); Dr. Yanhong Liu (California); Dr. Phillip Miller (Nebraska); and Dr Anoosh Rakhshandeh (Texas Tech).   

6. Dates for next year’s meeting were again discussed.

7. Dilger adjourned the session at 5:09 p.m.

Friday, January 4, 2019

Morning Session

S-1081 Break-out Session

1. Lindemann called the session to order at 8:00 a.m.

2. New officers for 2019 were announced: Maxwell from University of Arkansas, Chair, and Estienne from Virginia Tech, Vice-chair. Brendemuhl made a motion that Robert Dove from the University of Georgia be elected secretary for 2019-2020.  The motion was seconded by Levesque and passed unanimously.

3. The milk study discussed on the previous day was again discussed. A sample would be collected and freeze dried and then split.  Fatty acid analyses would be conducted at the University of Georgia (Azain) and Lindemann will discuss amino acid analyses with Touchette.  Risley stated that Berg+ Schmidt would likely contribute $5,000 for support of fat analyses.

4. Data from the S-1061 copper study were discussed and Lindemann supplied copies of tables.

5. Lindemann also discussed a project that would determine the effects of a second injection of iron given to pigs before weaning on hematology and nursery growth performance. In addition to Kentucky, stations with an interest in participating were Arkansas (Maxwell); North Carolina (van Heugten); South Dakota (Levesque); and Virginia (Estienne).

6. Maxwell asked that committee members please provide suggestions for next year’s meeting.

7. Crystal led further discussion of the late gestation feeding objective and noted that it is likely that altering lysine during gestation will likely impact performance during second and subsequent parities but not first parity.

8. Estienne will discuss with Dr. Sherri Clarke-Deener regarding her interest in participating in S-1081.

9. Brendemuhl announced that there are tentative plans to tour the nutrition facilities at Disney’s Animal Kingdom after next year’s meeting.

10. Session adjourned at 9:30 a.m.     

Joint session with NCCC42

1. The session was called to order at 10:00 a.m. by Lindemann.

2. New officers for next year were announced: S-1081, Maxwell, chair, Estienne, vice-chair, and Dove, secretary; and NCCC42, Liao, chair, Adedokun, vice-chair, and Woyengo, secretary.

3. Lindemann and Dilger gave summaries of the meeting activities for S-1081 and NCCC42, respectively.

S-1081. Newly approved objectives include reproductive effects of dietary supplementation of sow diets with boron or phytogenic compounds, and phase feeding during gestation.  Levesque is coordinating the phase feeding study and commented that it was a three treatment study over at least two parities (Critical point) and if any members of the NCCC42 committee had an interest in participating to please contact her.   Lindemann then described two “side” projects the S-1081 group plans to conduct: 1) Amino acid and fatty acid composition of sow milk at two different days of lactation, and 2) Effects of an additional iron injection 4 days prior to weaning on nursery performance in pigs.  There would be two treatments and matched pairs of pigs would be employed.

NCCC42.Dilger announced that the Bakery Meal Composition manuscript had been published during 2019.  The superdosing phytase manuscript (lead author is Marcia Shannon at the University of Missouri) is in draft status.  Analyses for further study of Bakery Meal are on-going.  The committee decided to take a “step back” on the Microbiome study.  A preliminary experiment at 13 stations will be conducted.  A fecal loop sample will be collected and sent to Miller for analyses.  Hans Stein from the University of Illinois is overseeing a calcium to phosphorous ratio survey of commercial growers with 100 to 200 samples being sent to the University of Illinois for analyses.

4. Report should be circulated to committee members within 40 days of meeting for review and comment.

5. The joint committees voted 16 – 3 in favor of meeting on January 7 and 8, 2020 with Monday January 6 a travel day. Brendemuhl announced tentative plans for a tour of the nutritional facilities at Disney’s Animal Kingdom after the 2020 meeting is adjourned.

6. Dilger will approach Dr. Gary Cromwell, Professor emeritus at the University of Kentucky, about authoring a manuscript describing the history of the NCCC42 project.

7. After a motion by Adeola, the joint committees thanked Hostetler for National Pork Board funding of the meeting breaks. After a motion by Crenshaw, the joint committees thanked Lindemann and Dilger for leading the meeting and Brendemuhl for his organizing meeting accommodations.

8. There being no further business, the meeting was adjourned at 10:49 a.m.

Respectfully submitted,

Mark J. Estienne, Ph.D.

Secretary, S-1081

January 14, 2019    

Accomplishments

<p>Because the S-1081 project is new and was approved just this past fall, much of the 2019 annual meeting was spent discussing specific details of the experiments that will be conducted to accomplish the objectives.</p><br /> <p><em>Objective 1: To determine the effect of boron supplementation on the reproductive performance of sows.&nbsp; </em>In this experiment, boron, as sodium borate pentahydrate will be fed to sows at 0, 5, and 25 ppm of supplemental boron.&nbsp; Dietary treatments will be imposed continuously during both gestation and lactation for two parities.&nbsp; Stations that will participate in the experiment are Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky and Virginia.</p><br /> <p><em>Objective 2:&nbsp; To determine the effects of phytogenic feed additives on the reproductive performance of sows.&nbsp; </em>Diets containing: 1) no antibiotic or phytogenic feed additive (negative control); and, 2) essential oil (Chios Gum Mastic) at one or more levels during breeding and lactation.&nbsp; Stations that will participate in the experiment are Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Dakota, and Virginia.</p><br /> <p><em>Objective 3: To determine the effect of altered gestational feeding of sows on sow productivity and longevity.&nbsp; </em>Sows will be assigned to one of at least 2 gestational feeding programs that include a control (constant intake from breeding to day 110 of gestation or increased feed allotment in late gestation), and an altered phase feeding program (focused on altered lysine:energy ratio in early and late gestation).&nbsp; Work on this objective has already begun in South Dakota.&nbsp; Other stations that have committed to this objective are Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, and North Carolina.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </p><br /> <p><strong>Short-term Outcomes: </strong></p><br /> <p>Across objectives, we will be able to determine if sow reproductive efficiency is affected when sows are administered one of the respective feeding strategies or alterations.&nbsp; Where results are positive, increases in sow productivity will increase producer income.&nbsp; In addition to effects on reproductive measures, of particular interest will be the effects of dietary treatments on pre-weaning death loss of pigs.&nbsp; In the U.S. swine industry, pre-weaning death rate in pigs averages over 17%.&nbsp; If for example, phase feeding sows results in a 1% reduction in pre-weaning mortality, adoption of this strategy nationwide would result in more than 1 million additional weaned pigs without an increase in average litter size.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>&nbsp;&nbsp;</em> </p><br /> <p><strong>Outputs:</strong></p><br /> <p>The S-1081 project is new and was approved just this past fall.&nbsp; Specific experiments are just now beginning on the majority of research stations, thus there are no publications to report.&nbsp; However, members of the committee did publish a referred paper during the past year, relative to a previous multi-state project (objective 2; S-1044):</p><br /> <p>Carter, S.D., M.D. Lindemann, L.I. Chiba, M.J. Estienne, and G.J.M.M. Lima.&nbsp; 2018.&nbsp; Effects of inclusion of spray-dried porcine plasma in lactation diets on sow and litter performance.&nbsp; <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Livestock Science</span> 216:32-35</p><br /> <p><strong>Activities:</strong></p><br /> <p>Because the S-1081 project is new, there are no activities to report.&nbsp; However, members of the committee did statistically analyze data relative to a previous multi-state project (objective 3; S-1061) and a manuscript has been prepared for submission to <em>Translational Animal Science</em>:</p><br /> <p>Tsung-Chen, T.&nbsp; G. A. Apgar, M. J. Estienne, M. Wilson, and C. V. Maxwell.&nbsp; 2019.&nbsp; A cooperative study assessing reproductive performance in sows fed diets supplemented with organic or inorganic sources of trace minerals.&nbsp; <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Translational Animal Science</span><em> (to be submitted)&nbsp; </em></p><br /> <p><strong>Milestones:</strong></p><br /> <p>To have sows from the participating stations on dietary treatments appropriate for the three objectives by January, 2020.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; </p><br /> <p><strong>Impacts:</strong></p><br /> <p>The S-1081 project is new and specific experiments are just now beginning on the majority of research stations. <strong>&nbsp;</strong></p>

Publications

<p>Carter, S.D., M.D. Lindemann, L.I. Chiba, M.J. Estienne, and G.J.M.M. Lima.&nbsp; 2018.&nbsp; Effects of inclusion of spray-dried porcine plasma in lactation diets on sow and litter performance.&nbsp; <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Livestock Science</span> 216:32-35</p>

Impact Statements

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Report Information

Participants

Brendemuhl, Joel (brendj@ufl.edu)- University of Florida; Chiba, Lee (chibale@auburn.edu)- Auburn University; Lindemann, Merlin (merlin.lindemann@uky.edu)- University of Kentucky; Levesque, Crystal (crystal.levesque@sdstate.edu)- South Dakota State University; Maxwell, Charles (cmaxwell@uark.edu)- University of Arkansas; van Heugten, Eric (Eric_vanHeugten@NCSU.edu)- North Carolina State University.

Brief Summary of Minutes

Tuesday, January 7, 2020

Morning- Joint Session with NCCC42

The meeting was called to order at 8:00 a.m. by Shengfa Liao, NCCC042 chairman and he introduced administrative advisors, officers of both committees and guest speakers. Members of each committee introduced themselves.  Dr. Liao introduced and welcomed one new member, Dr. Jason Woodworth (Kansas State University) to their group.   

 

 

Comments from administrative advisors

Dr. Robert Godfrey (S-1081 administrator) informed the meeting that Dr. Don Beitz (NCCC42) administrator) could not make it to Orlando for the meeting. He reminded the secretaries that the minutes of 2020 meeting should be uploaded to NIMSS within 60 days of the meeting). He reiterated the importance of including impact statements in the minutes and noted that ‘landgrantimpacts.org’ provided training (free of charge for multi-state projects) on writing impact statements.

 

 

Guest presentation:

Charlotte Kirk-Baer called in and gave an update on NIFA regarding some of the staff challenges resulting from the relocation from Washington DC to Kansas City. She indicated that the $425m Appropriation Bill that was signed late in Dec 2019 contained an increase of 2.4% for NIFA compared to about 7% increase for funding for Science programs. As a part of the agency’s strategic plans, NIFA is currently asking stakeholders for feedback regarding how they have been performing. Despite the shortfall in the number of available staff, all essential activities will occur as scheduled but the release of fund (for awarded projects) may be delayed for between 30 and 60 days. Interested candidates should check USAjobs.gov for job opportunities. She also mentioned that FY2019 success rate was slightly higher than it was in the past (20-25%) and attributed this fewer number of grant applications received. Charlotte indicated that she will be leaving NIFA January 24, 2020, no replacement NIFA representative yet.

 

 

Reports from participating stations were presented by the various scientists in attendance. A digital copy of 14 reports compiled from 14 stations was distributed to the attendees prior to the meeting.

 

 

The joint morning session concluded at 9:30 AM.

 

 

Morning Break-out Session

The S-1081 session was called to order at 10:00 a.m. by chair Maxwell. Mark Estienne (Virginia Tech) and Robert Dove (Georgia) were absent. Drs. Bob Godfrey (Virgin Islands) and Jose Soto (Ajinomoto) were also in attendance.  

 

Agenda and past minutes were reviewed with no further discussion.

 

Activities outstanding from previous projects (Cu, phytogenic oil, organic minerals) were discussed. With respect to the Cu supplementation project: data review for accuracy continues. Discussed how best to present the data given differences in measured variables and treatments (3 stations have submitted performance data with 1 station also having milk and tissue mineral levels; 1 station had 2 sources with multiple levels others had source with multiple levels). Intent to submit at least 1 paper within the calendar year. Phytogenic oil studies: there was limited impact on measured performance variables from any station. Merlin will compile the data into a single set for analysis. Organic minerals project: paper was published in Translational Animal Science in 2019.

 

Ongoing projects were discussed (milk AA composition, boron, phytogenics, phase feeding in gestation). With respect to milk AA composition: Dr. Risley, who attended last year’s meeting, still interested in analyzing milk for FA profile. Requires only 2 – 3 mL/sample. To date, SDSU and UK have submitted samples to UK for proximate. Merlin will prepare protocol regarding sample collection for milk FA content. Question was posed to Jose whether AA content could be determined on wet milk, given large volume required for sufficient dried sample. SDSU has large freeze dryer that could be used if needed. Questions arose on how to express the AA or FA content (i.e. relative to CP) to determine if the profile is really changing, how to account for dilution effect from a teat with lesser volume. Charlie would check on volume needed for microbial analysis. Boron study: UK intent to put sows on test in gestation and lactation (levels 0, 2, 25 ppm). Can include up to 50 ppm in diets. Will also collect piglet tissue/bones at birth and weaning. Merlin will send out a protocol. Possible stations to contribute females were AR and UK. NCSU will look into availability and logistics of females at Tidewater station. Phytogenic oils: no stations currently intending to conduct study in this area at this time. Phase feeding in gestation: final set of second parity offspring are in finisher barn. AK consider putting females on test. Crystal to provide protocol of treatments.

 

The session was adjourned at 12:00 p.m. 

 

 

Afternoon Joint Session

Liao called the meeting to order at 1:15 p.m.

 

 

Guest presentation:

Chris Hostetler (National Pork Board, NPB).  He gave an update regarding the NPB. According to him, the NPB is undergoing both physical and philosophical changes. The new CEO introduced checkoff 4.0 with the themes: “build trust and add value”. The “build trust” theme involves people and the community while “add value” is built around swine production, marketing, risks, and opportunities. According to him, the 2020 task force includes 6 committees under Science and Technology (animal science falls under this). The task force is different from the standing committees. The US pork producers have lost a portion of their market share in China. Japan is now their #1 trading partner (dollar-wise) while Mexico is their #1 trading partner viewed from the volume of sales. Swine nutrition has been cut from the 2020 budget. However, $500,000 is approved for nutrient sustainability project. There is a plan to get matching funds to raise the $500,000 to $4 m for a multidisciplinary nutrient sustainability study involving animal, plant, and soil scientists. There is also a plan to fund between 12 and 13 graduate students at the rate of $60,000 ($30,000/year)/student (~$800,000/year). Expect this to be a long-term annual program. Emphasis is on graduate training as opposed to a specific experimental project; emphasis on training within cross-disciplinary areas based on industry survey of future employment needs (e.g. animal science + business).

 

Guest presentation:

Soto (from Ajinomoto) and Hansen (from Carthage Systems) provided overviews of their respective companies and current research interests. In particular, Soto noted efforts by Ajinomoto to establish North American production of Val and Ile in the near future and Arg production on line in 2 – 3 yrs. Hanson indicated four main areas of research focus by Carthage Systems are i) genetics, ii) nutrition, iii) health, and iv) facility and management with sow development ranking as #1 in priority.

 

 

Station Reports not included in the morning session were presented to the group. Joel Brendemuhl provided update discussion with hotel management on following year’s meeting and logistics for the Animal Kingdom Nutrition facility tour. The meeting was adjourned by Liao at 5:00 p.m.

 

 

January 4, 2019

Morning Breakout Session

Maxwell called the S-1081 session to order at 8:00 a.m.  New officers for 2020 were announced: Estienne from Virginia Tech, Chair; Dove from the University of Georgia, Vice-chair, and Levesque from South Dakota State University agreed to let name stand as secretary for 2020 - 2021.  The motion was seconded by Lindemann and passed unanimously.

 

 

Discussed iron injection study, supplemental study, in particular how to analyze data. Example, consider actual day of age, body weight category, pair-wise comparison within litter vs ANOVA. Merlin reminded all stations that put litters on test to send him diet samples. AR to put a group of sows/litter on test Feb 20. Questions arose regarding iron levels in dirt-raised pigs, can piglet tissue levels be increased by sow gestation feeding of minerals.

 

 

Kentucky will put sows on Boron study and present study to NCCC-42 for any other possible station involvement.

 

 

Session adjourned at 9:30 a.m.        

 

 

Morning Joint Section

Meeting declared open at 10:03 a.m.  New officers for 2020 were announced by the current Chairs of the respective committees. 

S-1081: Chair: Mark Estienne; V. Chair: Robert Dove; Secretary: Crystal Levesque

NCCC42: Chair: Tayo Adedokun; V. Chair: Anoosh Rakhshandeh; Secretary: Jason Woodworth

Stein and Lindemann gave the highlights of the meeting as it relates to the respective committees (NCCC42 and S-1081, respectively).

 

 

Station reports continued.

 

Joel Brendemuhl discussed the options we had for the 2021 meeting. Our next joint meeting (NCCC42 and S-1081) will take place on the 5^th and 6^th of January, 2021 with the arrival date of January 4, 2021.  Hotel room will cost $135/night.  Marcia Shannon move the motion for the adoption of the meeting dates and was seconded by Brian Kerr.

 

Shengfa Liao summarized and presented the key points of the 2020 meeting. Layi Adeola asked members to thank Joel Brendemuhl for all he has been doing to support our meeting over the years. He (Layi Adeola) subsequently moved that the meeting should be adjourned and the motion was seconded by Merlin Lindemann.

 

 

There being no further business, the meeting was adjourned at 11:00 a.m.

 

 

Respectfully submitted

Crystal Levesque for Mark Estienne, secretary (S-1081)

Accomplishments

<p>This project has just completed the first year so accomplishments are related to getting experimental work started. Studies from previous projects are undergoing data review for accuracy (i.e. Cu supplementation). Organic minerals project was accepted for publication, details provided in &lsquo;Outputs&rsquo;.</p><br /> <p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><br /> <p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><br /> <p><em>Objective 1: To determine the effect of boron supplementation on the reproductive performance of sows.&nbsp; </em>This project is just starting with trials expecting to be started in 2020 at Kentucky with possible contribution of females from Arkansas and North Carolina.</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p><em>Objective 2:&nbsp; To determine the effects of phytogenic feed additives on the reproductive performance of sows.&nbsp; </em>At present, no new experiments have been started under this objective. Data from previous multi-state project (objective 2, S-1061) has been compiled and is under review for quality and accuracy.</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p><em>&nbsp;</em></p><br /> <p><em>Objective 3: To determine the effect of altered gestational feeding of sows on sow productivity and longevity.&nbsp; </em>Studies are ongoing at South Dakota. Experimental details sent to Arkansas for possible contribution of females.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><br /> <p><em>&nbsp;</em></p><br /> <p><em>&nbsp;</em></p><br /> <p><strong>Short-term Outcomes: </strong></p><br /> <p>Across objectives, we will be able to determine if sow reproductive efficiency is affected when sows are administered one of the respective feeding strategies or alterations.&nbsp; Where results are positive, increases in sow productivity will increase producer income.&nbsp; In addition to effects on reproductive measures, of particular interest will be the effects of dietary treatments on pre-weaning death loss of pigs.&nbsp; In the U.S. swine industry, pre-weaning death rate in pigs averages over 17%.&nbsp; If for example, phase feeding sows results in a 1% reduction in pre-weaning mortality, adoption of this strategy nationwide would result in more than 1 million additional weaned pigs without an increase in average litter size.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>&nbsp;&nbsp;</em></p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p><strong>Outputs:</strong></p><br /> <p>The S-1081 project is still new and specific experiments are underway or beginning on the majority of research stations, thus there are no publications to report specifically on this project.&nbsp; However, members of the committee published a referred paper during the past year, relative to a previous multi-state project (objective 3; S-1061):</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Tsung-Chen, T.&nbsp; G. A. Apgar, M. J. Estienne, M. Wilson, and C. V. Maxwell.&nbsp; 2019.&nbsp; A cooperative study assessing reproductive performance in sows fed diets supplemented with organic or inorganic sources of trace minerals.&nbsp; <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Translational Animal Science</span> doi: 10.1093/tas/txz178<em>&nbsp; </em></p><br /> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p><strong>Activities:</strong></p><br /> <p>Data collection on Objective 3 has begun at South Dakota and data compilation and quality assessment of data collected to date under Objective 2 has been started by Kentucky and South Dakota.</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p><strong>Milestones:</strong></p><br /> <p>To have sows from the participating stations on dietary treatments appropriate for the three objectives by January, 2021, including initial stages of data and sample analysis of relevant studies.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

Publications

<p>Tsung-Chen, T.&nbsp; G. A. Apgar, M. J. Estienne, M. Wilson, and C. V. Maxwell.&nbsp; 2019.&nbsp; A cooperative study assessing reproductive performance in sows fed diets supplemented with organic or inorganic sources of trace minerals.&nbsp; <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Translational Animal Science</span> doi: 10.1093/tas/txz178<em>&nbsp; </em></p>

Impact Statements

1. The S-1081 project is new and specific experiments are in the data collection stage on the majority of research stations.

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Report Information

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

Please see attached file below for the joint meeting minutes of NCCC24 and S1081.

Accomplishments

Publications

Impact Statements

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Report Information

Participants

See attached minutes for active participants in the annual meeting

Current S1081 members: Robert Dove (crdove@uga.edu) - University of Georgia; Charlie Maxwell (cmaxwell@uark.edu) – University of Arkansas; Crystal Levesque (crystal.levesque@sdstate.edu) – South Dakota State University; Joel Brendemuhl (brendj@ufl.edu) – University of Florida; Merlin Lindemann (Merlin.Lindemann@uky.edu) – University of Kentucky); Eric van Heugten (Eric_vanHeugten@ncsu.edu) – North Carolina State University. Lee Chiba (chibale@auburn.edu) – Auburn University; Mark Estienne (mestienn@vt.edu) - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Jeff Clapper (jeffrey.clapper@sdstate.edu) - South Dakota State University; Eric Weaver (eric.weaver@sdstate.edu) - South Dakota State University; Sherrie Clark (sherrie@vt.edu) - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. James Matthews ( ) – Administrative Advisor, University of Kentucky

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

<p><strong>Short-term Outcomes:</strong></p><br /> <p>Across objectives, we have evaluated nutritional and feeding strategies in sows to improve reproductive performance and efficiency with the goal of improving economic outcomes and sustainability. Data are currently being evaluated to determine impacts on sow productivity, health, and piglet viability.</p><br /> <p><strong>Outputs:</strong></p><br /> <p><em>Tsung Tsai, Gary A Apgar, Mark J Estienne, Mark Wilson, Charles V Maxwell. 2020. A cooperative study assessing reproductive performance in sows fed diets supplemented with organic or inorganic sources of trace minerals. Trans. Anim. Sci. 4:59-66. https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txz178.</em></p><br /> <p><strong>Activities:</strong></p><br /> <p><em>1) Boron</em></p><br /> <p><em>The objective of this study is to </em><em>determine the effect of boron supplementation on the reproductive performance of sows.&nbsp;</em>Boron will be supplemented as sodium borate pentahydrate to sows at 0, 5, and 25 ppm. Boron treatments will be provided continuously during both gestation and lactation for two parities.&nbsp;Currently, the University of <em>Kentucky has completed 3 continuous parities on this project and has collected data on sow and piglet performance and bone characteristics. The Kentucky station will proceed and summarize the data and work on publishing a manuscript.</em></p><br /> <p><em>2) Phase Feeding</em></p><br /> <p><em>The objective of this project is to determine the impact of feeding during late gestation of sows on productivity and longevity. </em><em>South Dakota State University has worked on this project and feeding trials have been completed. The subsequent approach will shift more towards a modeling approach with the intent to focus on basic trials. It appears that bump feeding may not be a good strategy unless energy can be diluted. Feeding trials will be summarized and </em></p><br /> <p><strong>Milestones:</strong></p><br /> <p>Committee members actively participated in sow research projects and results and outcomes will be developed by the current committee&nbsp;with the goal of communicating beneficial impacts through active engagement with scientists, producers and industry personnel.</p>

Publications

<p><em>Tsung Tsai, Gary A Apgar, Mark J Estienne, Mark Wilson, Charles V Maxwell. 2020. A cooperative study assessing reproductive performance in sows fed diets supplemented with organic or inorganic sources of trace minerals. Trans. Anim. Sci. 4:59-66. https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txz178.</em></p>

Impact Statements

1. Key nutritional strategies are being developed to improve productivity in sows which will increase profitability and decrease resources used for every pound of pig produced., leading to improved sustainability

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Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

Please see the attached file below for S1081's annual meeting minutes.

 

 

Accomplishments

<p><em>Past projects</em></p><br /> <ol><br /> <li><strong>Essential oils (phytogenics). </strong>KY working on manuscript.</li><br /> <li><strong>Boron.&nbsp;</strong>AK will put additional sows on this objective in 2023. KY has data from approximately 150 litters with limited detectable effect. Some evidence of effect on birth weight. Unsure of the overall value of additional data.</li><br /> <li><strong>Phase feeding. </strong>One manuscript in final review process from SD. Expect publication soon. Other data waiting submission by past student to finalize another manuscript. No additional sows expected on this objective.</li><br /> </ol><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p><em>Current projects</em></p><br /> <ol><br /> <li><strong>Iron</strong>. One student completed thesis work on this project from KY. Two students working on this objective at SD. At SD, first parity data indicates a dip in sow Hb status around 90 d of gestation and at least 60% of piglets below target Hb status at birth with 40% still below target at weaning and no clear relationship with birth or weaning weight. Additional sows going on test at SD in 2023.</li><br /> <li><strong>Histidine (HIS). </strong>Extensive discussion on study proposal. Added His during lactation, greater milk output based on dairy cattle. Proposed limit to 2 sow groups to strengthen statistical power at individual stations and for ease of treatment application. Proposed Control diet and Control + 0.2% added His. Based on quick gestation diet formulation, 0.2% represents about 40% added His. Recommend to limit SID Lys to 0.93%. Proposed variables of interest: farrowing and litter performance, milk at d10 &ndash; 14; N balance at d10 &ndash; 14; total tract digestibility at d15. Eric at SD to look into measuring milk casein content. Robert at GA to contact CJ Bio about providing His. Crystal at SD has Val to share for diet formulations. Recommended all stations interested (UK, GA, AK, SD) to put sows on test starting spring 2024 to try to limit differences in lactation intake due to heat. At present, expect about 150 total sows on test. Recommend separate His diet rather than top dress to better account for specific sow intake (hence His intake). Crystal at SD to prepare draft study protocol to share. Robert at GA to finalize diet formulations.</li><br /> <li><strong>Sow metabolic status. </strong>Discussion around what samples are either already being collected or easily added to existing projects that could be used for metabolic screening of sows in late gestation to be correlated with &lsquo;good&rsquo; and &lsquo;bad&rsquo; lactation performance. Proposed each station to collect serum sample at loading to farrowing room from as many sows as possible Once lactation is complete, identify &lsquo;good&rsquo; vs &lsquo;bad&rsquo; performing sows and send those specific samples to Eric at SD along with specific farrowing/lactation performance. Eric to analyze samples for cytokines and/or acute phase proteins.</li><br /> <li><strong>Sensory additives. </strong>AK has some initial data. KY plans to start sows on test, specific to an umami product.</li><br /> </ol><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Publications

<p><strong><em>Published Outputs from S1081 activity 2021-2022</em></strong></p><br /> <p><strong>Journal Article, Academic Journal</strong></p><br /> <p>Chevalier, T. B., Monegue, H. J., ~ Lindemann, M. D. (2021). Effects of iron injection dosage to newborn piglets on hematological measures, growth performance pre and postweaning, and postweaning tissue mineral content, <em>Journal of Swine Health and Production</em>, 29, 189-199.</p><br /> <p>Elefson, S. K., Lu, N., Chevalier, T., Dierking, S., Wang, D., Monegue, H. J., Matthews, J. C., Jang, Y. D., Chen, J., Rentfrow, G. K., Adedokun, S. A., Lindemann, M. D. (2021). Assessment of visceral organ growth in pigs from birth through 150 kg, <em>Journal of Animal Science</em>, 99(9). doi: 10.1093/jas/skab249</p><br /> <p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><br /> <p><strong>Presentations Given</strong></p><br /> <p>Chevalier T. B., Lindemann M. D., (September 2022). Injecting Different Amounts of Iron - Effects on Blood Parameters During Late Nursery-Early Grower Phase, Midwest Swine Nutrition Conference. Invited, Regional.</p><br /> <p>Chevalier T. B., Lindemann M. D., (March 2022). Effects of boron supplementation on apparent digestibility and retention of nutrients in growing pigs, Midwest meeting, American Society of Animal Science. Accepted, National.</p><br /> <p>Chevalier T. B., Lindemann M. D., (July 2021). Effects of dietary boron supplementation on growth performance, fasting and postprandial serum insulin, and glucose concentration of pigs, National meeting, American Society of Animal Science. Accepted, National.</p><br /> <p>Lee J. W., Monegue H. J., Williams K., Estienne M. J., Chapman J., Humphrey B., Lindemann M. D., (July 2021). Long-term evaluation of dietary OmniGen AF supplementation on reproductive performance and milk composition of sows National meeting, American Society of Animal Science. National.</p><br /> <p>Chevalier T. B., Adeola O., Carter S. D., Dove C. R., Estienne M. J., Levesque C. L., Maxwell C. V., Tsai T. C.C, Lindemann M. D., (March 2021). A multistate evaluation of an additional iron injection administered to piglets before weaning Midwest section, American Society of Animal Science. Accepted, National.</p><br /> <p>Dierking, S., Morton, J.M., Pinilla, J.C., Gonda, M.G., Rekabdarkolaee, M., Clapper, J.A., and Levesque, C.L. 2022. Identification of potential biomarkers of reproductive development in vaginal gene expression associated with serum concentrations of reproductive hormones at key periods in gilt development. 2022 ASAS Annual Meeting. June 27-30. Oklahoma City, OK.&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Dierking, S.L., Morton, J., Pinilla, J.C., Gonda, M., Clapper, J.A., and Levesque, C.L. 2022. Identification of biological markers to detect early estrus in pre-pubertal gilts.&nbsp;2022 ASAS Midwest Section Meeting. March 14-16. Omaha, NE&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;Ramirez-Camba, C. and C.L. Levesque. 2022.&nbsp;An empirical model of essential amino acid requirements in the pregnant sow that optimizes maternal reproductive performance and offspring development.&nbsp;2022 ASAS Midwest Section Meeting. March 14-16. Omaha, NE</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p><strong>Poster Session</strong></p><br /> <p>Lindemann M. D., Chen J., Lee J. W., (July 2021). Evaluation of dietary OmniGen AF supplementation and PG600 injection on reproductive characteristics of gilts National meeting, American Society of Animal Science. Accepted, National.</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Impact Statements

1. Enhanced sow nutritional strategies that can positively impact piglet growth from birth to market.

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