Annual/Termination Reports:

[12/05/2017] [12/03/2018] [07/08/2018] [01/26/2021]

Report Information

Participants

Duarte Diaz, University of Arizona
Bob Godfrey, University of the Virgin Islands
Bill Payne, University of Nevada Reno (administrator)
Grazyne Tresoldi (Representing C. Tucker), University of California Davis
Kifle Gebremendhin, Cornell University
Dusty Yates, University of Nebraska
Jessica Petersen, University of Nebraska
Ty Schmidt, University of Nebraska
Ignacy Misztal, University of Georgia
Yuzhi Li, University of Minnesota
Alexandre Scanavez (Representing Luis Mendonca and Lindsey Hulbert), Kansas State University
Jay Johnson, USDA-ARS Indiana
H.G. Kattesh, University of Tennessee

Brief Summary of Minutes

Wednesday August 2^nd - Dinner (individually)

Thursday August 3^rd -  Meeting in Hotel Conference Room – Dr. Diaz started the meeting with some general meeting information and we talked about details for the trip on Friday. Presentation by Bill Payne on administrators AFRI funding report. Dr. Payne discussed some of the ongoing administrative issues facing land grant institutions and how funding could be impacted in the upcoming years. Presentations by Bob Godfrey on evaluating the relationship between environment, body temperature and grazing behavior of hair sheep ewes in the tropics. He showed us some of the methodology utilized by his center to monitor and track behavior and grazing. The Nebraska group (Ty, Dusty and Jessica) presented on physiological, molecular, and whole-animal evaluation of the impact of stress on animal well-being and performance. Their presentation focused on refining the understanding of molecular and physiological mechanisms by which livestock respond to heat-stress and βAA supplementation, and how those responses and their interaction affect animal wellbeing and production. They presented their efforts to use video to quantify respiratory rate. Next Alexandre Scanavezon the association of vaginal temperature during the dry period and performance in the subsequent lactation of heat stressed dairy cows. Dr. Henry Kattesh on his work on the vaginal endocrine responses and bacterial interaction in beef heifers undergoing estrous synchronization. After lunch Grazyne Tresoldi presented the work from Dr. Tucker’s lab and their work on the effects of flow rate and spray timing on response to heat loan and production. Their research looked at the differences of frequency and flow rate on and showed no significant differences on laying time. Dr. Li presented her work on floor space allowance in gestating sows and behavioral issues (tail biting in growing-finishing pigs. Next Dr. Jay Johnson presented his groups work on utero heat stress on swine performance, the effects of orally administered cortisol and norepinephrine on microbial populations. Lastly, Dr. Johnson talked about the use of a conveyer belt to load weanling and nursery pigs into trailers.  Next up Dr. Gebremedhin showed his work on conductive cooling and the use of 3-D modeling bio-energetics. The last presentation was from Ignacy Misztal and he presented on their methodology to study genetics of heat tolerance using easily available weather records and pigs and cattle. We concluded with the business meeting discussed 2018 meeting locations. We will try to go to Hawaii next year (Dr. Diaz will reach out to Dr. Lee) and we voted on a new secretary with Ty Schmidt agreeing to serve as secretary for the upcoming year. We went to dinner that night as a group at La Jaquita Baya.

Friday August 3^rd – The group traveled to the Southwestern part of the Island and visited the NOAA Center for Atmospheric Sciences in the Island of Magueyes. The center is managed by the University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus. We were met there by Dr. Agner Rodriguez (from University of Arizona and a member of the group). Once in the center Dr. Yasmin Detres and her colleagues gave us a tour and discussed the center work on climate change. After the meeting and tour we met for lunch at a local restaurant. We then traveled to the Cabo Rojo light house and toured the University Campus with Dr. Rodriguez. On our return drive we stopped the by the Rincon Light house.

 Saturday August 4^th – The group was on their own to do some sightseeing.

 

Accomplishments

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>1. PI(9)- Terry Engle, Colorado State University; Objective No(s)- 1,,3; Species-Beef Cattle</strong></p><br /> <p style="text-align: justify;">Trace minerals are involved in growth, reproduction, immunity, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in beef cattle. Inhibiting trace mineral absorption can impact overall animal health and productivity. A key component to trace mineral absorption by an animal is solubilization of a given element within the digestive tract. We are currently examining factors that influence trace mineral solubilization and alter availability of trace minerals. Through in vitro techniques we were successful in quantifying the impact of pH, feed type, and Cu and Zn concentration on Cu and Zn solubility from various feedstuffs. The present work demonstrated significant interactions of metallic cations with several feedstuffs.</p><br /> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>2. PI(8)-Ignacy Mitzal, University of Georgia; Objective No(s)- 2,3; Species- Swine, Cattle</strong></p><br /> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;Research has focused on quantifying heat stress in beef cattle and swine species and developing genetic evaluation to select more environmentally robust animals. We have developed computer algorithm to manipulate physical and temperature images of a cow to obtain body surface area and skin surface temperature. Measured environmental (air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity) physical (body weight, surface area, hair-coat properties) and physiological (skin temperature, rectal temperature, vaginal temperature, sweating rate, respiration rate, sonogram measurements of skin, fat and muscle thicknesses) parameters.</p><br /> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>&nbsp;3. PI(2)-Robert Godfrey, SA Lakos, University of the Virgin Islands; Objective No(s)- 1,2; Species- Sheep</strong></p><br /> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;The relationship between body temperature and grazing behavior of tropically adapted hair sheep ewes was evaluated using behavioral observations, GPS tracking and body temperature measurements. Ewes were evaluated 1 week each month for a year. Based on GOS tracking data it was determined that Hair sheep spent significant time in certain areas of the pasture during the day, perhaps in order to utilize shade provide by trees. Grazing behavior observations showed that these breeds of sheep are adapted to the tropical climate and can graze during the time of day with elevated THI and solar radiation. A lower body temperature, measured using vaginal temperature, of St Croix White ewes compared to that of Dorper x St Croix White ewes is likely due to their adaptation to the high heat and humidity found in the tropics.</p><br /> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;<strong>&nbsp;4. PI(4)-Henry G. Kattesh, C. Kojima; University of Tennessee; Objective No(s)- 1; Species- Cattle</strong></p><br /> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;A study was initiated to investigate the vaginal endocrine response and associated bacterial interactions in beef heifers undergoing estrous synchronization and to gain a better understanding of the direct impact of CIDRs used to facilitate synchronized breeding. Serum and vaginal aspirations were collected from Spring-born heifers (n = 80) pre- and post- 7 day CO-Synch + CIDR insertion protocol. Samples are currently undergoing various endocrine and bacterial analyses.</p><br /> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>5. PI(7)-Caddandra Tucker; University of California-Davis; Objective No(s)-: 3; Species-Cattle;</strong></p><br /> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;Spraying dairy cattle with water provides physiological cooling benefits. However, work is needed to determine appropriate spraying strategies (e.g., time on and off) to improve the efficiency of heat loss and water use. Also, more efficient strategies should be evaluated to minimize water and energy use. Tested the effects of different flow rates and timing intervals on cattle behavior and physiology. Begun to test the effects of innovative cooling strategies that use less water and energy (conduction, air convection) on cattle behavior and physiology; and effects of supplementary air flow at the feed bunk when using sprayed water.</p><br /> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>6. PI(1)-Dustin Yates, Kent Eskridge, Tay Schmidt and Jessica Petersen, University of Nebraska AES; Objective No(s)- 1,2,3 ; Species-Cattle, Sheep</strong></p><br /> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;&nbsp;Animal adaption to heat stress may be characterized by morning and afternoon lags of animal temperature to air temperature where a well-adapted animal will have a long morning lag and a short afternoon lag. The intent is to develop innovative methods of estimating and using lags to characterize heat stress in cattle. A piecewise regression method was developed to estimate and test morning and afternoon lags, and a cluster analysis method, was developed to categorize animals into four levels of heat stress as a possible management tool. The method is being applied to data from US MARC animal heat stress experiments. A permutation test for testing the existence of the change points in a segmented regression was developed and evaluated via simulation. A novel quadratic segmented regression approach was developed and compared to linear segmented regression and previously used hysteresis models via simulation and applied to cattle heat stress data. Cattle from a heat stress experiment were clustered into 4 heat stress categories (normal, alert, danger, emergency) using the estimated morning and afternoon lag values based on segmented regression.</p><br /> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>&nbsp;7. PI(10)-Benjamin Renquist; University of Arizona; Objective No(s)- 1 ; Species- Cattle, Mice</strong></p><br /> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;Our project aims to understand the mechanism by which feed intake and milk production are decreased in response to heat exposure. We established that Beta-OH butyrate is not involved in the hypophagia of heat stress. We developed a model of heat stress and pair feeding hypogalactia that mirrors the heat stressed cow.</p><br /> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>&nbsp;8.&nbsp;Lindsey E. Hulbert, Luis Mendonca; Kansas State University; Objective No(s)- 1,2 ; Species- Cattle</strong></p><br /> <p style="text-align: justify;">Our projects address heat stress abatement methods for dairy cattle, hematological markers of stress and health, as well as management practices, such as weaning commingling. We published our review for the stress and management of calves, and 2 manuscripts on regarding the effects of space allowance on calf health, performance, and immunity. We also submitted manuscripts which were conducted in commercial farms comparing THI obtained from weather station, vaginal temperature, THI from a logger fastened to the cow and THI at the pen level.</p><br /> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>&nbsp;9. PI(6)-Abner Rodriguez, John Fernandez, and Luis Solorzano; University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez; Objectives No(s)- 1,3 ; Species Sheep, Goats</strong></p><br /> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;It is necessary design production systems for sheep and goats raised under heat stress to enhance sheep and goat production (meat and milk) in tropical climates. For the implementation of these systems, it is essential to establish a baseline of the physiological parameters (rectal temperature, respiration rate and hearth rate) associated with heat stress in sheep and goats, and evaluate management and feeding strategies to enhance their comfort and performance. The physiological parameters associated with heat stress in native and pygmy goats raised under tropical climates were compared. The physiological parameters of lambs, ewes and rams raised under tropical climates were established also. The effect of adding fat sources in the diets on physiological parameters, dry matter and water intake, and nutrient digestibility in growing lambs were evaluated.</p><br /> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>&nbsp;10. PI(3)-Jay Johnson, Susan Ericher, Donald Lay Jr.; USDA-ARS Livestock Behavior Research Unit, Indiana Objective No(s)- 1,3 ; Species-Swine, Cattle</strong></p><br /> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;Our projects are focused on addressing welfare concerns for food producing animals in three significant areas: 1) instances in which animals may experience pain or distress, 2) morbidity or mortality, and 3) the deleterious effects caused by climate variability. Results from the research directly address the public&rsquo;s concerns relative to animal welfare which are being raised across the United States and globally. Developed and tested a natural antibiotic alternative that improves the health and productivity of piglets following weaning and transport similarly to traditional dietary antibiotics. Developed implantable temperature monitor for pigs that allow researchers to continuously collect vaginal temperature without disturbing animals. Development of cooling pads to reduce the impact of heat stress on lactating sows. Determined that in utero heat stress increases (12.1%) maintenance costs in pigs during postnatal life. Determined leukocyte response to chronic pain condition (concrete flooring) and substance P. Found that weaning and nursery aged piglets could be easily loaded to a height of 8 feet using a mechanical conveyor that would take them to the top without them having to walk the steep angle.</p><br /> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;11.&nbsp;PI(5)-Yuzhi Li; Lee Johnston, Larry Jacobson, Wayne Martin; University of Minnesota; Objective No(s)- 1,3 ; Species- Swine</strong></p><br /> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;The overall goal of this project is to develop an effective and animal welfare-friendly measure to prevent tail biting in pigs. The impact of tail docking on performance and welfare of pigs will be evaluated; effects of tail biting on pain, stress, and performance of victimized pigs will be assessed; and development of tail biting behavior will be investigated to predict and manage tail biters. Behavior, skin lesions, tail damage, growth performance, and carcass traits were compared between pigs (n= 336, initial wt = 8 kg; and n = 240, initial wt = 25 kg) with docked tails and intact tails. Tail docking reduced tail biting behavior and incidence of tail damage, but did not affect other behaviors, growth performance, skin lesions or carcass traits. Pain (Substance P), stress and immune function (Total serum protein, Ig-G) of tail biters (n = 11), victimized pigs (n = 30) and control pigs (n = 27) were compared. Tail biters had lower total serum protein and Ig-G compared with other pigs, suggesting that poor immune function may predispose pigs to tail biting. Behavior of pigs (8 pens, 30 pigs/pen) with docked tails and intact tails were monitored by video-recording for 13 weeks at 3-day intervals. Data were analyzed using both a traditional method (scan sampling) and optical flow analysis. Before outbreaks of tail biting, pigs increased their activity levels which could be detected by optical flow measures. Social network analysis was conducted to evaluate social structure of pigs (12 pens, 8 pigs/pen) in pens with tail biting vs in pens without tail biting. Pigs in tail biting pens were less socially connected, suggesting that social isolation may be associated with development of tail biting.</p><br /> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>&nbsp;12. PI(9)- Kifle G. Gebremedhin; Cornell University; Objective No(s). 1,2,3 ; Species-Cattle</strong></p><br /> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;Conductive cooling is an effective heat stress mitigating mechanism for high-producing dairy cows. The system provides some comfort to the cows as demonstrated by increased milk production and decreased internal body temperature and respiration rate. The effectiveness of conductive cooling can also be measured by the amount of heat of metabolism that can be dissipated, which is up to 60%. Another important concern to farmers is if condensation occurs during conductive cooling. Our results with two types of bedding (sand and sawdust) and 4 bedding thickness show that condensation will not be an issue in the system employed in this study. Cornell has been working on objectives 1 and 3. We have conducted experimental work on collecting environmental, physical and physiological measurements. We have developed computer algorithm to manipulate physical and temperature images of a cow to obtain body surface area and skin surface temperature. Measured environmental (air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity) physical (body weight, surface area, hair-coat properties) and physiological (skin temperature, rectal temperature, vaginal temperature, sweating rate, respiration rate, sonogram measurements of skin, fat and muscle thicknesses) parameters.</p>

Publications

<p><strong>Publications/Thesis/Dissertations</strong></p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Kismiantini, "Methods for detecting time lags in animal temperature regulation" (2017). Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln (Dissertation).</p><br /> <p>Godfrey, R.W., W.D. Preston, S.R. Joseph, L. LaPlace, P.E. Hillman, K.G. Gebremedhin, C.N. Lee, and R.J. Collier. 2017. Evaluating the impact of breed, pregnancy and hair coat on body temperature and sweating rate of hair sheep ewes in the tropics. J. Anim. Sci. 95:2936-2942. doi:10.2527/jas2016.1125</p><br /> <p>Godfrey, R.W., W. Preston, A. Hogg, S. Joseph, L. Laplace, P. Hillman, K. Gebremedhin, C. Lee and R. Collier. 2016. Evaluating the impact of breed, pregnancy and hair coat on body temperature and sweating rate of hair sheep ewes in the tropics. UVI-AES Annual Report pp. 20-26. (Extension Pub.)</p><br /> <p>Johnson, J.S., and D.C. Lay Jr. 2016. Evaluating the behavior, growth performance, immune parameters, and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets after simulated transport and heat stress&nbsp;&nbsp; when antibiotics are eliminated from the starter diet or replaced with L-glutamine. J. Anim. Sci. 95:91-102. doi: 10.2527/jas2016.1070</p><br /> <p>Johnson, J.S., and K.A. Shade. 2017. Characterizing body temperature and activity changes at the onset of estrus in replacement gilts. Livestock Sci. 199: 22-24.</p><br /> <p>Cabezon, F.A. A.P. Schinckel, A.J. Smith, J.N. Marchant-Forde, J.S. Johnson, and R.M. Stwalley. 2017. Initial evaluation of floor cooling on lactating sows under severe acute heat stress. Prof. Anim. Sci. 33:254-260.</p><br /> <p>Calvo-Lorenzo, M. S. , L. E. Hulbert, M. A. Ballou, A. L. Fowler, Y. Luo, K. C. Klasing, and F. M. Mitloehner. 2017. Space allowance influences individually housed Holstein bull calf innate immune measures and standing behaviors after castration at 3 weeks of age. J. Dairy Sci. 100: 2157-2169. <a href="http://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11833">http://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11833</a>.</p><br /> <p>Calvo-Lorenzo, M.S., L.E. Hulbert, A.L. Fowler, A. Louie, L. J. Gershwin, K. E. Pinkerton, M. A. Ballou, K. C. Klasing, and F. M. Mitloehner. 2016. Wooden hutch space allowance influences male Holstein calf health, performance, daily lying time, and respiratory immunity. J. Dairy Sci. 99:4678-4692 <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-10888">http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-10888</a> .</p><br /> <p>Chapel. N.C., C.J. Byrd, D.W. Lugar, G.M. Morello, L.H. Baumgard, J.W. Ross,</p><br /> <p>T.J. Safranski, M.C. Lucy, and J.S. Johnson. 2017. Characterizing the effects of early gestation heat stress on postnatal fasting heat production and circulating biomarkers associated with metabolism in growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. In press.</p><br /> <p>Eicher, S. D., M. H. Rostagno, and D. C. Lay, Jr. 2017. Feed withdrawal and transportation effects on Salmonella enterica levels in market-weight pigs. J. Anim. Sci. Doi:10.2527/jas.2017.1454</p><br /> <p>Hulbert, L.E. and S.J. Mois&aacute;. 2016. Stress, immunity and the management of calves. 2016 J. Dairy Sci. 99:3199-3216 <a href="doi:10.3168/jds.2015-10198">doi:10.3168/jds.2015-10198</a>.</p><br /> <p>Lay Jr., D.C., A. Sapkota, and S.A. Enneking. 2017. Testing the feasibility of using a conveyor belt to load weanling and nursery pigs for transportation. Transl. Anim. Sci. 1: doi:10.2527/tas2017.0033</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;Love, W.J., T.W. Lehenbauer, B.M. Karle, L.E. Hulbert, Randy Anderson, A.L. Van Eenenaam, T.B. Farver, S.S. Aly. 2016. Survey of dairy practices associated with respiratory health of pre-weaned calves on California dairies. J. Dairy Sci. 99:1483-1494 <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9394">doi:10.3168/jds.2015-9394</a>.</p><br /> <p>Petrosus, E. 2016. The effects of cortisol and norepinephrine on weanling piglets and the selection of an anxiolytic probiotic. (Dissertations)</p><br /> <p>Petrosus, E., S. Eicher, and M. Erasmus. 2017. Gut feelings: How probiotics may improve animal welfare. Purdue Extension. AS-364-W. (Extension Pub)</p><br /> <p>Lockwood, S. A., H. G. Kattesh, J. D. Rhinehart, L. G. Strickland, J. B. Wilkerson, P. D. Krawczel, F. D. Kirkpatrick, and A. M. Saxton. 2016. Relationships among temperament, acute and chronic cortisol concentrations, and breeding soundness during performance testing of bulls. Theriogenology. 89:140-45.</p><br /> <p>Pighetti, G. M., L. Wojakiewicz, S. I. Headrick, O. Kerro Dego, S. S. Lockwood, H. G. Kattesh, M. J. Lewis, C. D. Young, L. J. Siebert, B. E. Gillespie, M. E. Prado, R. A. Almeida, and S. P. Oliver. 2017. Vaccination with recombinant Streptococcus uberis adhesion molecule (rSUAM) alters&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; cytokine profiles during experimental challenge.Inter. J. Vet. &amp; Dairy Sci.</p><br /> <p><a href="https://www.clytoaccess.com/articles/vaccination-recombinant-streptococcus-uberis-adhesion-molecule-alters-immune-response">https://www.clytoaccess.com/articles/vaccination-recombinant-streptococcus-uberis-adhesion-molecule-alters-immune-response</a></p><br /> <p>Li, Y. Z., K. A. McDonald, and H. W. Gonyou. 2017. Determining feeder space allowance across feed forms and water availability in the feeder for growing-finishing pigs. J. Swine Health Prod. 25: 174-182</p><br /> <p><strong>Li, Y. Z.,</strong> H. F. Zhang, L. Johnston, L. Jacobson, and W. Martin. 2016. Tail biting in growing-finishing pigs. Final Report to National Pork Board. (Extension Pub.)</p><br /> <p><strong>Li, Y. Z.,</strong> J. Brown, L. Johnston, T. Parsons, T. Safranski, and Y. Seddon. 2016. Floor Feeding &ndash; A Guide for Managing Sows. National Pork Board #004934; Clive, IA. 12/2016. (Extension Pub.)</p><br /> <p>Zhang, H. F., J. Wang, L. Wan, and <strong>Y. Z. Li.</strong> 2016. Consumers&rsquo; preferences and willingness to pay for traceable pork in Guangzou (China). Guangdong Agricultural Science 43: 183-192 (in Chinese). (Extension Pub.)</p><br /> <p>Abner Rodriguez. Measuring physiological parameters associate with heat stress in goats Bulletin SEA, Caprinos UPRM, Vol 1; No 2. 2017. (Extension Pub.)</p><br /> <p>Tresoldi, G., Sch&uuml;tz, K. E., and C. B. Tucker. Assessing heat load in drylot dairy cattle: Refining on-farm sampling methodology. J. Dairy Sci. 99:8970-8980.</p><br /> <p>Chen, J. M., Sch&uuml;tz, K. E., and C. B. Tucker. Comparison of instantaneous sampling and continuous observation of dairy cattle behavior in freestall housing. J. Dairy Sci. 99:8341-8346.</p><br /> <p>Tresoldi, G., Sch&uuml;tz, K. E., and C. B. Tucker. Cow cooling on commercial drylot dairies: a description of 10 farms in California. Calif. Agric. (accepted)</p><br /> <p>Kistner, M. J., J. J. Wagner, J. Evans, S. Chalberg, S. Jalali, K. Sellins, M. L. Kesel, T. Holt, and T.E. Engle. 2017. The effects of molybdenum water concentration on feedlot performance, tissue mineral concentrations, and carcass quality of feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. (In press)</p><br /> <p>Caldera, E., J. J. Wagner, K. Sellins, S. B. Laudert, J. W. Spears, S. L. Archibeque, and T. E. Engle. 2017. Effects of supplemental zinc, copper, and manganese concentration and source on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers. Prof. Anim. Sci. 33:63-72.</p><br /> <p>Davis, B. P., T. E. Engle, J. I. Ransom, and T. Grandin. 2017. Preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of varying doses of supplemental tryptophan as a calmative in horses. App. Anim. Behav. Sci. 188:34-41.</p><br /> <p>Wagner, J. J., T. E. Engle, C. R. Belknap, and K. L. Dorton. 2016. Meta-analysis examining the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products on feedlot performance and carcass traits. Prof. Anim. Sci. 32:172-182.</p><br /> <p>The effects of molybdenum water concentration on feedlot performance, tissue mineral concentration, and carcass quality of feedlot steers. (PI-Engle) (Dissertation)</p><br /> <p>Hepler, C., C.E. Foy, M.R. Higgins, and B.J. Renquist. 2017. The hypophagic response to heat stress is not mediated by GPR109A or peripheral beta-OH butyrate. Am. J. Phys. Reg. Int. and Comp. Phys.&nbsp; 301:R992.</p><br /> <p>Geisler, C.E. 2016. THE ROLE OF KETONE SIGNALING IN THE HEPATIC RESPONSE TO FASTING. University of Arizona (PI-Renquist) (Dissertation)</p><br /> <p>Collier, R.J., T.R. Bilby, B.J. Renquist. 2017.&nbsp; Emerging Trends in Agriculture. Proc. 5th International Symposium on Dairy Cow Nutrition and Milk Quality. Ed. J. Wang, N.Sheng, S. Zhao, and A. Kurtz. Beijing, China.&nbsp; pg. 3-19.</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p><strong>Abstracts/Presentations</strong></p><br /> <p>Godfrey, R. W., A. Nero, G. Roberts and S. A. Lakos. 2017. Evaluating the relationship between environment and body temperature of hair sheep ewes in the tropics. J. Anim. Sci. 95(Suppl. 1):247 doi:10.2527/asasann.2017.506</p><br /> <p>Godfrey, R. W., A. Nero, G. Roberts and S. A. Lakos. 2017. Tracking the movement of hair sheep grazing in pastures in the tropics. 95(Suppl. 1):251 doi:10.2527/asasann.2017.514</p><br /> <p>Godfrey, R. W., A. Nero, G. Roberts and S. A. Lakos. 2017. Evaluation of the grazing behavior of hair sheep in the tropics. J. Anim. Sci. 95(Suppl. 1):251 doi:10.2527/asasann.2017.515</p><br /> <p>Shade, K.A., K.R. Stewart, and J.S. Johnson. 2016. Characterizing body temperature and movement differences at the onset of estrus in replacement gilts. J. Anim. Sci. 94:194. doi: 10.2527/msasas2016-415.</p><br /> <p>Johnson, J.S., K.L. Martin, and K.R. Stewart. 2016. Rapid fluctuations in ambient temperature before conception reduce future fetal viability in replacement gilts. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 153. doi: 10.2527/msasas2016-326.</p><br /> <p>Johnson, J.S., C.J. Byrd, and N.M. Chapel. 2016. Effects of a 48h feed withdrawal on intraperitoneal core body temperature in growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 94 (suppl. 5).</p><br /> <p>Johnson, J.S., and D.C. Lay Jr. 2017. Evaluating the health and productivity of weaned piglets after simulated transport and heat stress when antibiotics are eliminated from the diet. J. Anim. Sci. 95:6.</p><br /> <p>Chapel, N.M., C.J. Byrd, D.W. Lugar, K.R. Stewart, M.C. Lucy, T.J. Safranski, L.H. Baumgard, and J.S. Johnson. 2017. The effects of in utero heat stress on fasting heat production in growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 131.</p><br /> <p>Smith, A.J., F.A. Cabezon, A.P. Schinckel, J.N. Marchant-Forde, J.S. Johnson, and R.M. Stwalley. 2017. Initial evaluation of floor cooling on lactating sows under acute heat stress. J. Anim. Sci. 95:183-184.</p><br /> <p>Cabezon, F.A., A.P. Schinkel, J.N. Marchant-Forde, J.S. Johnson, and R.M.</p><br /> <p>Stwalley. Effects of floor cooling on late lactation sows under acute heat stress. J. Anim. Sci. 95:55.</p><br /> <p>Kpodo, K.R., A.W. Duttlinger, and J.S. Johnson. 2017. Pen location affects thermoregulation and feed efficiency in swine during late summer. J. Anim. Sci. In press.</p><br /> <p>Duttlinger, A.W., K.R. Kpodo, D.C. Lay Jr., B.T. Richert, and J.S. Johnson. 2017.</p><br /> <p>Replacing dietary antibiotics with 0.20% L-glutamine in swine nursery diets: Impact on health and productivity of pigs following weaning and transport during the summer. J. Anim. Sci. In press.</p><br /> <p>Byrd, C.J., N.M. Chapel, D.W. Lugar, M.C. Lucy, T.J. Safranski, and J.S. Johnson. It&rsquo;s getting hot in here: A preliminary study to evaluate the impact of in utero heat stress on piglet behavior after weaning and transport. Regional Meeting of the International Society for Applied Ethology.</p><br /> <p>Petrosus, E., E. Silva, D. Lay, Jr, M. Rostagno, and S. Eicher. 2016.&nbsp; Norepinephrine and cortisol influence <em>Lactobacillus</em> populations in weaned piglets. Program and Proceedings: 97^th Annual meeting of the Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases: pp 67. Chicago, Dec. 4, 2016.</p><br /> <p>Eicher, S., E. Petrosus, D. Lay, Jr., M. Rostagno, and E. Silva. 2016. Stress hormones differentially alter gut microbes over time and affect Salmonella counts in weaned pigs. Program and Proceedings: 97^th Annual meeting of the Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases:pp 43. Chicago, Dec. 6, 2016.</p><br /> <p>Eicher, S. E. Silva, M. M. Schutz, and J. N. Marchant-Forde. 2016. Chronic Pain: Leukocyte and neurochemical interactions. International Veterinary Immunological Symposium. Gold Coast, AU.</p><br /> <p>Garvey, M., E. Petrosus, J. N. Marchant-Forde, and S. Eicher. 2017. Effects of probiotics on anxiety-like behavior in weaned pigs. Regional Meeting of the International Society for Applied Ethology.</p><br /> <p>Garvey, M., and S. Eicher. 2017. A Seat at the Table: Considerations for International Animal Welfare. Purdue Center for Animal Welfare Science Annual Symposium.</p><br /> <p>M^cAfee, J. M., H. G. Kattesh, M. D. Lindemann, B. H. Voy, C. J. Kojima, N.C. Burdick Sanchez, J. A. Carroll, B. E. Gillespie, and A. M. Saxton. 2017. Effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation to lactating sows on growth and indicators of stress in the post-weaned pig. J. Anim. Sci. 95 (E-Suppl. 1):30.</p><br /> <p>Godfrey, R. W., S.R. Joseph, J.A. Martinez, S.A. Lakos, H.C. Nelthropp, R.L. Stanko, H.G Kattesh, S.A. Lockwood, and B. E. Gillespie. 2017. Evaluation of the effect of hot iron branding on cortisol and corticosteroid-binding globulin concentrations in young Senepol cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 95 (E-Suppl. 1):34.</p><br /> <p>Godfrey, R. W., S.R. Joseph, J.A. Martinez, S.A. Lakos, H.C. Nelthropp, R.L. Stanko, H.G Kattesh,&nbsp; and S.A. Lockwood. 2017.&nbsp; Evaluation of the effect of hot iron branding on pen score, chute score, exit velocity and flight distance in young Senepol cattle. J. Anim. Sci. (E-Suppl. 1):35.</p><br /> <p>Li, Y. Z., and L. J. Johnston. 2017. Effect of tail docking on welfare and performance of pigs during nursery and growing-finishing periods. JAS. 95 (Suppl.1): 34 (Abstr. 73).</p><br /> <p>Li, Y. Z., H. Zhang, L. J. Johnston, and W. Martin. 2017. Do pigs form social structures: an application of social network analysis? JAS. 95 (Suppl.1): 7 (Abstr. 15).</p><br /> <p>Li, Y. Z., S. Cui, X. Yang, B. A. Crooker, S. K. Baidoo, and L. J. Johnston. 2017. Salivary cortisol concentrations of group-housed gestating sows: individual vs. group samples. JAS. 95 (Suppl.1): 8 (Abstr. 18).</p><br /> <p>Abner Rodriguez. Effects of the inclusion of three ruminally inert fats in the diet of lambs exposed to caloric stress on dry matter and water intake, nutrient digestibility and physiological parameters. Submitted. ENICIP Congress, Medellin, Colombia. November 2017</p><br /> <p>Abner Rodriguez. Lamb Feeding and Nutrition. Camuy, PR. July 2017</p><br /> <p>Abner Rodriguez. Sheep production: Management and nutrition of the ewe. Guanica, PR, April, 2017</p><br /> <p>Tresoldi, G., Sch&uuml;tz, K. E., and C. B. Tucker. June 2017.Cooling cows with soakers: effects of flow rate and spray timing on responses to heat load and production. The Dairy Cattle Welfare Symposium: Intersection of Best Practices and Sustainability. Milwaukee, WI.</p><br /> <p>Tresoldi, G., Sch&uuml;tz, K. E., and C. B. Tucker. August 2017. Cooling cows with soakers: effects of flow rate and spray frequency on behavior and physiology. 51st International ISAE Congress. Aarhus, Denmark.</p><br /> <p>Perano, K., K.G. Gebremedhin. 2017. Equilibrium surface temperature and cooled surface area in conductive cooling systems for dairy cattle. ASABE Paper No. 17-01584. ASABE Annual International Meeting, Spokane, Washington, July 16&ndash; 19.</p><br /> <p>Perano, K., K.G. Gebremedhin. 2017. Economic returns for cooling systems of dairy cattle in different climates. ASABE Paper No. 17-1583. ASABE Annual International Meeting, Spokane, Washington, July 16&ndash; 19.</p><br /> <p>Milan, H. and Gebremedhin, K. 2017. General formulation of transmission &ndash;line modeling (TLM) method applied to bio-energetics of endotherms. ASABE Paper No. 17-00180, ASABE Annual International Meeting, Spokane, Washington, July 16&ndash; 19.</p><br /> <p>Zanetti, D., L. A. Godoi T. E. Engle, M. V. C. Pacheco, B. C. Silva, E. B. Ferreira, and S. C. Valadares Filho. 2017. Calcium, phosphorus, and micro minerals supplementation does not affect nutrient intake and digestibility, and performance of Nellore cattle fed different diets. Vol. 95(Suppl. 4) 265.</p><br /> <p>Jones, N. M., T. E. Engle, H. Han, J. J. Wagner, and S. L. Archibeque. 2017. Inclusion of zeolites (clinoptilolite) in finishing ration of feedlot beef cattle. Vol. 95(Suppl. 4) 267.</p><br /> <p>Zanetti, D., L. F. Prados, A. C. B. Menezes, J. M. V. Pereira, E. Detmann, T. E. Engle and S. C. Valadares Filho. 2017. Water intake prediction for beef cattle in Brazil. Vol. 95(Suppl. 4) 290.</p><br /> <p>Collier, R.J., T.R. Bilby, B.J. Renquist. 2017.&nbsp; Emerging Trends in Agriculture. Proc. 5th International Symposium on Dairy Cow Nutrition and Milk Quality. Ed. J. Wang, N.Sheng, S. Zhao, and A. Kurtz. Beijing, China.&nbsp; pg. 3-19.&nbsp;</p>

Impact Statements

1. (24 Hulbert group) On August 8, 2017, Journal of Dairy Science reported that the Hulbert and Moisa (2016) manuscript was among the top 100 of the journal’s most highly cited papers published since the beginning of 2014.

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Report Information

Participants

Lindsey Hulbert
Jennifer Van Os
Dusty Yates
Jessica Petersen
Duarte Diaz
Bret Olson
Don Lay
Chris Pritsos
Bob Godfrey
Ty Schmidt
Kifle Gebremedhin

Brief Summary of Minutes

Monday August 13th

4:00 to 6:00 PM- Lobby- check in

6:00 to 7:00 PM- Social refreshments @ Cedar Deck

7:30 to 8:00 PM- Sit-down Dinner @ Cedar House

• Introductions


• Role assignments


• Adjustments to schedule


• Discussion about meeting outcomes

 

Review proposed work: https://www.nimss.org/projects/view/mrp/outline/17096

Participation: https://www.nimss.org/projects/view/participant_list/17096

 

 

Tuesday August 14th

 

7:00 AM-8:00 AM- Breakfast Buffet @ Garden Deck (ask if breakfast can be brought into meeting room)

8:00-10:00 AM Meeting @ Alumni

 

Identified and prioritized our meeting outcomes:

1. Improve member involvement and projects that better unify our group


2. Plan next meeting, possibly joint meeting


3. Reporting, Guidance, and Opportunities

 

Outcome #1: An improved strategy to meet the goals and objective of the W3173 project.

• Discussed current participants https://www.nimss.org/projects/view/participant_list/17096


• Reviewed proposed work: https://www.nimss.org/projects/view/mrp/outline/17096

Station Reports:

• Bob Godfrey


• Bret Olson


• Don Lay


• Duarte Diaz

 

10:00- 10:30 AM   Breakout session with refreshments

• Discussion: The benefits and challenges of multistate-collaboration in 2017-2021.

10:30-12:00

Station Reports

• Dusty Yates


• Jessica Peterson


• Ty Schmidt


• Jennifer Van Os


• Lindsey Hulbert

 

12:00 – 1:00 PM Sit-down Lunch @ Garden Deck

Food for thought:

What steps should be taken to incentivize members?

What steps should be taken to draw new and non-academic members into the group?  

NC1029 Animal behavior and Welfare has overlapping members and projects involving stress. For the next meeting (2019) should we combine?

 

 

1:00 – 2:00 PM – Break-out sessions, meeting room available

2:00 -2:45  - Meeting @ Alumni

Outcome #2: An improved strategy for planning meetings and following up with reports:

• Location ideas and member incentives
  
  
  
  • Adding Dr. Jaberi’s (K-State) platform to better analyze serially collected data (e.g. cortisol)
  
  
  • Possible outcomes are to use historical data and do metanalyses to wrap up well-studied projects (e.g. heat stress in cows) and predictive analyses to propose new projects to incorporate
  
  
  
  


• Timing of meeting, Student participation, Industry participation

 

3:00 PM Afternoon refreshment @ Alumni

3:15 PM Meeting @ Alumni

 

Objective # 3: Reporting, Guidance, and Opportunities

• Chris Pritsos’ introduction and report
  
  
  
  • What specific support does our group need to be more successful?
  
  
  
  


• Review update provided from USDA-AFRI

 

6:00 to 7:00 PM- Sit-down Dinner @ Garden Deck

 

Weds August 15th

 

7:00 AM-8:00 AM- Breakfast Buffet @ Garden Deck

8:00 Business Meeting @ Alumni

• Proposed new structure and leaders for next year:
  
  
  
  • Duarte Diaz (chair)
  
  
  • Ty Schmidt (co-chair)
  
  
  • Secretary (TBA)
  
  
  
  


• Discussed 2019 meeting location and dates
  
  
  
  • Olsen will host in Bozeman, MT
  
  
  • June
  
  
  • NC1029 (Animal Wellbeing) to join
  
  
  
  

 

11:00 – 1:00 PM Brown Bag Lunch, departures and small group organized excursions

Accomplishments

<p><strong>Kifle Gebremedhin, NY</strong><br /> <br /> Heat stress is a challenge facing the dairy industry. It is estimated to cause a 4-7% revenue loss per year for the $36-billion US dairy industry. Thermal stress imposed on cows adversely affects health and productivity. We developed models that predict thermal stress levels of dairy cattle, and design cooling systems to alleviate thermal stress. Conductive cooling for dairy cattle is an emerging technology that holds promise as a way of relieving heat stress. Waterbeds were placed in stalls of dairy cows to serve as heat exchangers between the cows and the water in the waterbeds.<br /> <strong><br /> Overall Impac</strong>t:&nbsp; A novel conductive cooling system for dairy cows was developed. The cooling system increased milk yield by 5%, dry matter intake by 14%, decreased rectal temperature by 1.0&deg;C and respiration rate by 18 breaths/min. Thus, conductive cooling may be a useful tool to alleviate heat stress in dairy cows. To avoid moisture condensation in the bedding of these systems, the bedding thickness should exceed 2.5 cm. The predictive performance of the model was better than models existing in the literature with respect to predicting skin temperature, respiration rate, and core-body temperature.<br /> <strong><br /> <br /> Bob Godfrey, Virgin Islands (US)</strong><br /> <br /> Water restriction has been used in the weaning process when lambs were weaned at 60 days of age in an accelerated lambing system to help dry up milk production of the ewe.&nbsp; Now that weaning is being done at 120 days of age we evaluated the effect of water restriction during weaning on St. Croix White ewes and lambs. To further characterize traits that help to make local livestock adapted to the tropical environment, the relationship between body temperature, and ambient temperature was evaluated in Senepol and crossbred heifers, and in St Croix White and Dorper X St Croix White ewes.<br /> <strong><br /> Hulbert, KS</strong></p><br /> <p><strong><br /> </strong>We created protocols for an in-pen approach tests to distinguish sub clinically injured pigs from sham-treated pigs.&nbsp; In addition, we developed a standard protocol for conditioning pigs to be able to test cortical&nbsp; function through somatosentory &nbsp;stimulation. These protocol swill be published in a peer-reviewed journal during the next performance period. In addition, we tested the efficacy and the stress-responses on sows subjected to of a commercially available technology that uses aversive stimuli (vibration and electric &nbsp;impulse) to cause a sow to stand when sensors and artificial intelligent programming detect a piglet during crushing. We found that although treated sows show behavioral signs of distress in the seconds after the stimulus, their overall behaviors and circadian cortisol were less disrupted than sows that were convent ally stimulated (hand-slap to hind quarters).</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;We also developed validated an automated environmental enrichment device for boars that they continuously use (especially in evenings and mornings). We will further test in the next period if this automated information can be used to distinguish sub clinically injured pigs from healthy pigs. Following that development, we will work with NE and WI to test the devices on commercial boars and determine if this information will be a useful predictor for semen quality. &nbsp;(PI: Hulbert)</p><br /> <p><strong> <br /> </strong></p><br /> <p><strong>Lay, Eicher, Johnson, Marchant-Forde, IN</strong><br /> <br /> Our projects are focused on addressing welfare concerns for food producing animals in three significant areas: 1) instances in which animals may experience pain or distress, 2) morbidity or mortality, and 3) the deleterious effects caused by climate variability. Results from the research directly address the public&rsquo;s concerns relative to animal welfare which are being raised across the United States and globally.&nbsp; <br /> <strong><br /> Overall Impac</strong>t:&nbsp; Weaned and transported pigs are inherently stressed by these procedures which are unavoidable. An experiment to determine the threshold for efficacy of L-glutamine as an antibiotic alternative for swine producers following weaning and transport was conducted.</p><br /> <p>It was determined that a range between 0.40 and 0.50% was the level at which L-glutamine would provide a maximal positive effect on swine welfare and productivity. In addition, this finding has further refined and built upon previous work in which it was found that 0.20% L-glutamine was also effective.</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p><strong>Li Yuzhi, Sam Baidoo, Wayne Martin, MN</strong><br /> <br /> This project investigates the development of tail biting in pigs through monitoring activity changes. The hypothesis is that changes in activity levels may be an indicator of outbreaks of tail biting in pigs, and activities in pigs could be monitored by an optical flow platform. <br /> <strong><br /> Overall Impac</strong>t:&nbsp; Swine producers may predict outbreak of tail biting by monitoring changes in activity levels of pigs. Prediction of tail biting outbreaks will give pig producers opportunities to implement management strategies to prevent the outbreak.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> </p>

Publications

<p><strong>Peer-reviewed Scientific publications</strong>:</p><br /> <p><br /> Abdelfattah, E.M., Lay Jr, D.C., Marchant Forde, J.N., Karousa, M.M., Schutz, M.M., Eicher, S.D. 2017. Short communication: Effect of age at group housing on behavior, cortisol, health, and leukocyte differential counts of neonatal bull dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science. 101(1):596-602. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-12632.<br /> <br /> Cabezon, F.A. A.P. Schinckel, J.N. Marchant-Forde, J.S. Johnson, and R.M. Stwalley. 2017. Effect of floor cooling on late lactation sows under acute heat stress. Livestock Sci. 206: 113-120. doi. 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.10.017</p><br /> <p><br /> <br /> Cabez&oacute;n, F.A., Schinckel, A.P., Smith, A.J., Marchant-Forde, J.N., Johnson, J.S. and Stwalley, R.M. (2017) Initial evaluation of floor cooling on lactating sows under severe acute heat stress. Professional Animal Scientist: 33:254-260. doi:10.15232/pas.2016-01584 <br /> <br /> Chen, J. M., C. L. Stull, D. N. Ledgerwood, and C. B. Tucker. 2017. Muddy conditions reduce hygiene and lying time in dairy cattle and increase time spent on concrete. J. Dairy Sci, 100:1-14. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11972<br /> <br /> Dennis, T.S., F.X. Suarez-Mena, T. M. Hill, J.D. Quigley, R.L. Schlotterbeck, R.N. Klopp, G.J. Lascono, and <strong>L.E. Hulbert.</strong> 2018. Effects of gradual and later weaning ages when feeding high milk replacer rates on growth, textured starter digestibility, and behavior in Holstein calves from 0 to 4 months of age <em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">J. Dairy. Sci.</span> </em><a href="https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15319">https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15319</a></p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Dennis, T.S., F.X. Suarez-Mena, T.M. Hill, J.D. Quigley, R.L. Schlotterbeck, and <strong>L.E. Hulbert.</strong> 2017. Effect of milk replacer feeding amount, age at weaning, and method of reducing milk replacer to wean on digestion, performance, rumination, and activity in dairy calves to 4 months of age. <span style="text-decoration: underline;">J. Dairy Sci</span>. 101: 268-278. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13692">dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13692</a></p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Gorczyca, M. T., H. F. M. Milan, A. S. C. Maia, K.G. Gebremedhin. 2018. Machine learning algorithms to predict internal and superficial temperatures of piglets. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 151(2018): 286-294.<br /> <br /> He, Y., J. Deen, G.C. Shurson, and Y. Z. Li. 2018. Behavioral indicators of slow growth in nursery pigs. J. Appl. Anim. Welfare Sci. doi:10.1080/10888705.2018.1438286</p><br /> <p><br /> <br /> Johnson, J.S. 2018. Heat stress: Impact on livestock well-being and productivity and mitigation strategies to alleviate the negative effects. Anim. Prod. Sci. 58: 1404-1413. doi. 10.1071/AN17725<br /> <br /> Johnson, J.S., M.A. Aardsma, A.W. Duttlinger, and K.R. Kpodo.&nbsp; Early life thermal stress: Impact on future thermotolerance, stress response, behavior, and intestinal morphology in piglets exposed to a heat stress challenge during simulated transport. J. Anim.</p><br /> <p>Sci. 96: 1640-1653. doi: 10.1093/jas/sky107.</p><br /> <p><br /> Li, Y. Z., H. Zhang, L. Johnston, and W. Martin. 2018. Understanding tail-biting in pigs through social network analysis. Anim. 8 (1)13: 1-13 /doi:10.3390.ani8010013.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /> <br /> Li, Y. Z., S. Q. Cui, X. J. Yang, L. J. Johnston, and S. K. Baidoo. 2018. Minimal floor space allowance for gestating sows kept in pens with electronic sow feeders on fully slatted floors. J. Anim. Sci. sky 282, https://doi. Org/10.1093/jas/sky282. Published 27 July, 2018. Available at:&nbsp; https://academic.oup.com/jas/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jas/sky282/5056019?guestAccessKey=354b52a2-c4d4-455b-a8a2-b1e132539301<br /> <br /> Maskal, J., F.A. Cabezon, A.P. Schinckel, J.N. Marchant-Forde, J.S. Johnson, and R.M. Stwalley. 2018. Evaluation of floor cooling on lactating sows under mild and moderate heat stress. Prof. Anim. Sci. 34:84-94. doi. 10.15232/pas.2017-01661.</p><br /> <p><br /> <br /> Morello, G.M., Lay Jr., D.C., Richert, B.T, Rodrigues, L.H.A. and Marchant-Forde, J.N. (2018) Microenvironments in swine farrowing rooms: the thermal, lighting and acoustic environments of sows and piglets. Scientia Agricola. 75:1-11 doi:10.1590/1678-992X-2016-0303<br /> <br /> Norring, M., Valros, A.E., Bergman, P., Marchant-Forde, J.N. and Heinonen, M. (2018) Body condition, live weight and success in agonistic encounters in mixed parity groups of sows during gestation. Animal doi:10.1017/S1751731118001453<br /> <br /> Perano, K.M., T.J. Shelford, and K.G. Gebremedhin. 2018. Condensation rate in conductive cooling systems for thermally stressed dairy cattle. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, ASABE, 34(2):425-436, doi: 10.13031/aea.12259.<br /> <br /> Scanavez, A.L.A., B. Fragomeni, L. Rocha, B.E. Voelz, L.E. Hulbert, and L.G.D. Mendon&ccedil;a. 2017. Association between 4-day vaginal temperature assessment during the dry period and performance in the subsequent lactation of dairy cows during the warm season. J. Anim. Sci. 95:5208-5217. doi: 10.2527/jas2017.1620<br /> <br /> Schutz, K. E., Cave, V. M., Cox, N. R., Huddart, F. J., and C. B. Tucker. Effects of three surface types on dairy cattle behavior, preference, and hygiene. Proceedings of the International Society of Applied Ethology, Prince Edward Island, 2018.<br /> <br /> Seibert, J.T., M.V. Sanz Fernandez, J.S. Johnson, S.K. Kvidera, E.A. Horst, E.J. Mayorga S. Lei, J.F. Patience, J.W. Ross, R.P. Rhoads, R.C. Johnson, S.M. Lonergan, and L.H. Baumgard. Effects of heat stress and insulin sensitizers on pig adipose tissue. J. Anim. Sci. 96: 510-520. doi: 10.1093/jas/sky067.</p><br /> <p><br /> <br /> Smith, R.K., Rault, J., Gates, R.S., Lay Jr, D.C. 2018. A two-step process of nitrous oxide before carbon dioxide for humanely euthanizing piglets: on-farm trials. Animals. 8(4):52 doi:10.3390/ani8040052.<br /> <br /> Tresoldi, G., K. E. Sch&uuml;tz, and C. B. Tucker. 2018. Cooling cows with sprinklers: Spray duration affects physiological responses to heat load. J. Dairy Sci., 101:4412-4423. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13806<br /> <br /> Wang X., H. Goa, K. G. Gebremedhin, B. S. Bjerg, J. Van Os, and C. B. Tucker, G. Zhang. 2018. A predictive model of equivalent temperature index for dairy cattle (ETIC). J. Therm. Bio., 76:165-170. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.07.013<br /> <br /> Wang, W., Yan, F., Hu, J., Huang, X., Cheng, H. 2018. Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis based probiotic reduces heat stress-related behaviors and inflammatory response in broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Science. 96(5):1654-1666. 10.1093/jas/sky092.<br /> <br /> Wang, X., H. Gao, K. G. Gebremedhin, B. S. Bjerg, J. Van Os, C. B. Tucker, G. Zhang. 2018. A Predictive Model of Equivalent Temperature Index for Cattle (ETIC). J. Thermal Biology (accepted)<br /> <br /> Yan, F., Murugesan, G., Cheng, H. 2018. Effects of probiotic supplementation on performance traits, bone mineralization, cecal microbial composition, cytokines, and corticosterone in laying hens. Animal. 1-9. 10.1017/S175173111800109X.<br /> <br /> Yates DT, Petersen JL, Schmidt TB, Cadaret CN, Barnes TB, Posont RJ, Beede KA. 2018. Fetal origins of impaired muscle growth and metabolic dysfunction: Lessons from the heat-stressed pregnant ewe. J Anim Sci 96:2987-3002. doi: 10.1093/jas/sky164.</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p><strong>Completed Theses and Dissertations</strong> (whole group, in alphabetical order):</p><br /> <p><br /> Barnes, 2018, Stress and other factors and their effect on skeletal growth and metabolism; strengths-based lab groups improve learning of undergraduate anatomy and physiology<br /> <br /> Chapel, Ph.D., THE SOUND SCIENCE OF SOWS: INFLUENCE OF AUDITORY ENVIRONMENT ON SOW HEARING, PIGLET COMMUNICATION, AND SOW BEHAVIOR IN MODERN SWINE PRODUCTION.<br /> <br /> Hu, 2017, Ph.D. , Thermal perches as cooling devices for reducing heat stress in caged laying hens<br /> <br /> Kett, 2018, Evaluation of the interaction of beta-adrenergic agonist supplementation and heat stress on growth performance and carcass composition in feeder wether lambs<br /> <br /> Kubik, 2018, Genomic investigation of beta agonist supplementation and heat stress in livestock species<br /> <br /> Mohammed, 2018, Ph.D., Heat shock protein 70 expression and its relation to welfare of broiler chicken supplemented with synbiotics under heat stress<br /> <br /> Tresoldi, 2018. Mitigating Heat Stress in Lactating Dairy Cows, 2018<br /> <br /> Voelz, Benjamin. 2017. Heat stress and uterine disease: Stressors influencing reproduction of dairy cattle. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36195.</p><br /> <p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><br /> <p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><br /> <p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><br /> <p><strong>Extension Publications</strong> (whole group, in alphabetical order):</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Li, Y. Z., L. Johnston, W. Martin. Docking the tail or not: Effect on tail damage, skin lesions and growth performance. Science pages from the swine Health Monitoring Project. June 1, 2018. Available at:&nbsp; https://www.vetmed.umn.edu/centers-programs/swine-program/research-sdec/science-pages-swine-health-monitoring-project<br /> <br /> Li, Y. Z., Wayne Martin, Brad Heins, Lee Johnston, Will Lazarus, and Joel Tallaksen. 2018. Early detection of sick pigs in organic systems. Available at: https://extension.umn.edu/small-scale-swine-production/early-detection-sick-pigs-organic-systems<br /> <br /> Li, Y. Z., Wayne Martin, Brad Heins, Lee Johnston, Will Lazarus, and Joel Tallaksen. 2018. Highlights - Organic Swine Production in the US. 2018. Available at: https://extension.umn.edu/swine/small-scale-swine-production#about-organic-swine-production-in-the-us-1311511<br /> <br /> Li, Y. Z., Wayne Martin, Brad Heins, Lee Johnston, Will Lazarus, and Joel Tallaksen. 2018. Improving health of organic pigs. Available at: https://extension.umn.edu/small-scale-swine-production/improving-health-organic-pigs<br /> <br /> Mendonca, L. and Scanavez, A. 2017. Association Between Reproduction and Postpartum Cow Health during Summer Months in Dairies Located in the Great Plains Region. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 3: Iss. 8. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7519<br /> <br /> Mendonca, L. and Scanavez, A. 2017. Case Study: Improving Heat Abatement Strategies for Lactating Dairy Cows in Southwest Kansas. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 3: Iss. 8. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7517<br /> <br /> Petersen JL.&nbsp; Fall 2017.&nbsp; University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Animal Science Alumni and Friends Newsletter, Too hot for ewe? https://issuu.com/petagayeclachar/docs/fall_2017_newsletter_-pdf_with_hype?embed_cta=read_more&amp;embed_context=embed&amp;embed_domain=animalscience.unl.edu&amp;embed_id=31428866%252F58379198.</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p><strong>Abstracts, Presentations</strong> (whole group, in alphabetical order):</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Barnes TB, Beede KA, Merrick EM, Cadaret CN, Cupp AS, Yates DT. 2018. Impaired muscle stem cell function in cows with high concentrations of androstenedione in their follicular fluid. Proc. West. Sect. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 69: (in press).<br /> <br /> Bratton, E., Eicher, S.D., Marchant-Forde, J.N., Schutz, M.M. and Proudfoot, K. (2018) The effect of long-term exposure to concrete or rubber flooring on lying behavior in cattle. In. (Ed. M. Cockram) Proceedings of 52nd Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology. Wageningen Academic Press, Wageningen, The Netherlands.<br /> <br /> Cadaret CN, Merrick EM, Barnes TB, Beede KA, Posont RJ, Petersen JP, Yates DT. 2018. Sustained maternal inflammation during the early third trimester yields fetal adaptations that impair subsequent skeletal muscle growth and glucose metabolism in sheep. Proc. West. Sect. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 69: (in press).<br /> <br /> Coffin, M.J., R. Manjarin, J.M. Mumm, E.M. Bortoluzzi, L.A. Ruiz, M. Tommerdahl, J.K. Holden, T. Walilko, L. Zai and <strong>L.E. Hulbert.</strong>&nbsp; 2018. Side Bias and Time of Day Influenced Cognition after Minipigs were Conditioned Using a Novel Tactile Stimulation Device. ASAS 2018 Midwest Meeting Abstract # 477: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky073.474">doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky073.474</a></p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Collazo, J., J. Su&aacute;rez, J. Hern&aacute;ndez, R. Rodr&iacute;guez, J. Fern&aacute;ndez y A.A. Rodr&iacute;guez. 2018.&nbsp; Par&aacute;metros fisiol&oacute;gicos, ganancia de peso vivo y rendimiento de la canal de ovinos criollos criados en pastoreo de pasturas naturalizadas bajo condiciones de estr&eacute;s t&eacute;rmico. Memorias Congreso Asociaci&oacute;n Latinoamericana de Producci&oacute;n Animal, Vol 26, Suppl 1., Guayaquil Ecuador. <br /> <br /> Drewencke, A., G. Tresoldi, M. Stevens, V. Narayanan, T. Pistochini, and C. B. Tucker. 2018. Innovative cooling strategies for dairy cows. International Society for Applied Ethology. Charlottetown, Canada.<br /> <br /> Duffy EM, Tietze SM, Knoell AL, Aluthge ND, Fernando SC, Schmidt TS, Yates DT, Petersen JL. 2018. Rumen bacterial composition in lambs is affected by &beta; adrenergic agonist supplementation and heat stress at the phylum level.&nbsp; Proc. West. Sect. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 69: (in press).<br /> <br /> Eicher, S.D., Schutz, M.M. and Marchant-Forde, J.N. (2017) Reduced chronic pain by rubber flooring alters leukocyte populations, phenotypes, and response to substance P of dairy cows. Society for Leukocyte Biology, Vancouver, BC, CA. October 5-7, 2017.<br /> <br /> Godfrey, R.W. and A.J. Weis. 2018. Evaluating the lag between body temperature and ambient temperature in Senepol and crossbred heifers in the tropics. J. Anim Sci. 96(Suppl. 2).<br /> <br /> Godfrey, R.W., A.L. Nero, G. Roberts and S.A. Lakos. 2018. Evaluating the lag between body temperature and ambient temperature in hair sheep ewes in the tropics. J. Anim. Sci. 96(Suppl. 2).<br /> <br /> Godfrey, R.W., S.A. Lakos and S.R Joseph. 2018. The effect of water restriction at weaning on hair sheep ewes and lambs in the tropics. J. Anim. Sci. 96(Suppl. 1):66 doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky027.124<br /> <br /> Goering, M.J., J.M. Mumm, M.J. Coffin, E.M. Bortoluzzi, L.A. Ruiz, and <strong>L.E. Hulbert</strong>. Low-Stress Sampling and Cortisol Concentrations in Periparturient Sows. J. Anim. Sci. 96: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky073.474">doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky073.474</a></p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Hugo F.M. Milan and K. G. Gebremedhin. 2018.&nbsp; Bio-energetic model of a dairy cow using TLM formulation. ASABE Conference paper.<br /> <br /> Johnson, J.S. and L.H. Baumgard. 2018. Prenatal heat stress and the impact on swine performance during postnatal life. ASAS Midwestern Section Annual Meeting. Omaha, NE. March 13, 2018.<br /> <br /> Kubik RM, Tietze SM, Schmidt TB, Yates DT, Petersen JL. 2018. Investigation of the skeletal muscle transcriptome in lambs fed &beta; adrenergic agonists and subjected to heat stress for 21 d. Proc. West. Sect. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 69: (in press).<br /> <br /> Li, Y. Z., H. F. Zhang, L. Johnston, and M. Dawkins. 2018. Utilization of optical flow to monitor development of tail biting outbreaks in pigs. 12th World Conference of Animal Production, July 7, 2018 Vancouver, BC. Canada. Poster Session III-2. Available at: https://www.eventscribe.com/2018/ASAS-Annual/posteragenda.asp <br /> <br /> Li, Y. Z., S. Q. Cui, L. J. Johnston, and S. K. Baidoo. 2018. Effect of body condition measured using a sow caliper on performance of group-housed gestating sows. ASAS Annual meeting, July 10, 2018 Vancouver, BC. Canada. Poster Session X &ndash; PSX-39. Available at: https://www.eventscribe.com/2018/ASAS-Annual/posteragenda.asp<br /> <br /> Li, Y. Z., S. Q. Cui, X. J. Yang, H. Zhang, L. J. Johnston, and S. K. Baidoo. 2018. Evaluation of floor space allowance for group-housed gestating sows: Application of Allometric Principles. Midwest ASAS March 12-14, 2018 Omaha, NE. Abstract# 108.<br /> <br /> Li, Y. Z., S. Q. Cui, X. J. Yang, L. J. Johnston, and S. K. Baidoo. 2018. Evaluating body condition of group-housed gestating sows: Sow caliper measurements vs. backfact thickness and visual scores. Midwest ASAS March 12-14, 2018 Omaha, NE. Abstract# 90.</p><br /> <p><br /> <br /> Marchant-Forde, J.N. (2017) A view of the horizon: emerging issues and international standards. Pig Welfare Symposium, Des Moines, IA, November 2017</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Mumm, J.M., E.M. Bortoluzzi, M.J. Coffin, L.A. Ruiz, M.J. Goering, D.T.&nbsp; Medin, M.S. Rooda, and <strong>L.E. Hulbert.</strong> 2018. Sow behavior, heart rate, and cortisol responses to a novel piglet crushing prevention technology to reduce pre-weaning mortality. J Anim. Sci. Vol. 102, Suppl. 2</p><br /> <p><br /> <br /> Parois, S.P., Eicher, S.D. and Marchant-Forde, J.N. (2018) Supplementation of female piglets from 1 to 28 days of age with a synbiotic: what consequences on cognitive abilities? In. (Ed. M. Cockram) Proceedings of 52nd Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology. Wageningen Academic Press, Wageningen, The Netherlands.<br /> <br /> Posont RJ, Beede KA, Limesand SW, Yates DT. 2018. Changes in myoblast responsiveness to TNF⍺ and IL-6 contribute to decreased skeletal muscle mass in intrauterine growth restricted fetal sheep. Proc. West. Sect. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 69: (in press).<br /> <br /> Scanavez, A., and Mendonca, L. 2017. Transition cow health during summer in Kansas. Seneca, Kansas. February 1, 2018<br /> <br /> Scanavez, A., and Mendonca, L. 2017. Transition cow health during summer in Kansas. Whiteside, Kansas. February 2, 2018</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Schutz, K. E., Cave, V. M., Cox, N. R., Huddart, F. J., and C. B. Tucker. Effects of three surface types on dairy cattle behavior, preference, and hygiene. Proceedings of the International Society of Applied Ethology, Prince Edward Island, 2018.</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Suarez-Mena, F.X.&nbsp; T.S. Dennis, T.M. Hill, W. Hu, J.D. Quigley, R.L. Schlotterbeck, R. Klopp, G.J. Lascano, and <strong>L.E. Hulbert</strong>. 2018. Effect of milk replacer feeding program on calf performance and digestion. J. Dairy Sci. Abstract # T143.</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Suarez-Mena, F.X.&nbsp; T.S. Dennis, T.M. Hill, W. Hu, J.D. Quigley, R.L. Schlotterbeck, R. Klopp, G.J. Lascano, and <strong>L.E. Hulbert</strong>. 2018. Effect of previous milk replacer feeding program on calf performance and digestion from 2 to 4 mo of age. J. Dairy Sci. Abstract# T144.</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Walilko, T., J. Bailes,&nbsp; P. VanderVord, <strong>L. Hubert</strong>, L. Zai,&nbsp; J. Duckworth. 2018. The Development of Risk Curves for Blast-Related Neurological Deficits. Military Health System Research Symposium MHSRS&nbsp; 18-1879: 87.</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><br /> <p><strong>Other</strong> (whole group, in alphabetical order):</p><br /> <p><br /> </p><br /> <p>Goering, M.J. et al. &nbsp;2018. Undergraduate research poster presentation. 3^rd place at Midwest American Society of Animal Science meeting. (PI: Hulbert)</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Mendonca, L. 2017. Chair of the Dairy Cattle Reproduction Council (DCRC) program committee. Meeting was held in Reno, Nevada, November 8-9.<br /> <br /> Mendonca, L. 2018. Outstanding Extension Specialist Award. American Society of Animal Science (ASAS). <br /> <br /> USDA/NIFA/OREI (Organic Agricultural Research and Extension Initiative) Award ($50,000); Title:&nbsp; Integrated Research and Extension Planning &ndash; Organic Swine;&nbsp; Grant Period: 9/1/2017 &ndash; 8/31/2019<br /> <br /> USDA/NIFA/Organic Transition Program Award ($499,509); Title: Breaking barriers to organic swine transition &ndash; using cover crops to reduce feed cost; Grant Period:&nbsp; 9/1/2017 &ndash; 8/31/2020<br /> <br /> Young Scientist Award, Western Section of the American Society of Animal Science</p>

Impact Statements

1. Objective 3 Sheep: A digital method (cameras) for measuring respiration rate was validated. This method will be employed for future studies of heat stress. (PI: Schmidt, Petersen, Yates)

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Report Information

Participants

This was a joint meeting with NC1029

Meeting attendees (in person)
L. Hulbert (chair, K-State)
B. Olsen (host, MT)
J. Peterson (UNL)
B. Godfrey (UVI)
D. Yates (UNL)
B. Jones (Tarleton State University)
J. Van Os (UW-Madison)
S. Eicher (USDA-ARS, IN)
M. Hayes (UKY)
K. Odde (K-State)
D. Daigle (chair, TAMU)
J. Van Os (UC Davis)
M. Endres (UMN)
J. Costa (UKY)
A. Adams Progar (WSU)
A. Green-Miller (UIUC)
T. Schmidt (UNL)
D. Diaz (U of Arizona)

Meeting attendees (via zoom)
E. Minton (Administrative advisor)
B. Payne (Administrative advisor)
P. Johnson (USDA-NIFA advisor)
T. Horback (UC Davis)
E. Miller-Cushon (UF)
J. Swanson (MSU)
D. Bourassa (Auburn)
A. Johnson (ISU)
Y. Li (UMN)
M. Udell (Oregon State)
K. Proudfoot (The OS)
P. Krawczel (U of TN)
B. Ranquist (U of Arizona)
M. Jaberi (K-State)

Brief Summary of Minutes

Wednesday June 5, 2019

7:00 – 17:00

Toured Yellow Stone National Park.

Met with state senators and ranchers regarding ranching with natural predators, bison and elk disease management, and wildlife population management

Thursday June 6, 2019

8:00 Met at MSU campus

9:00-12:00

W3173 reports

1. Minton (Admin. Advisor for NC1029) report


2. Payne (Admin Advisor for W3173) report


3. Johnson (USDA-NIFA) report and opportunities

 12:00-14:00 Meet and Greet Lunch at Rendezvous Dining Pavilion

14:00 – 16:30 NC1029 reports

 Friday June 7, 2019

8:00 Met at MSU campus

9:00-12:00

NC1029 reports

12:00-14:00

Lunch with Invited Speaker, Dr. Paul Cross, USGS

14:00 – 16:30

W3173 reports

Saturday June 8, 2019

8:30       Met at MSU campus

9:00 – 11:00

Selection of next year’s leadership team and meeting location

 NC1029

Chair:  Cassandra Tucker

Location: UC Davis

Timeframe: After ISAE-sectional meeting

 W3173

Chair: J. Peterson

Scribe: D. Yates

Host: T. Schmidt

Location: University of Lincoln Nebraska

Time-frame: TBD by UNL-team

 

Accomplishments

<p>Objectives:</p><br /> <ol><br /> <li>Identify measures of animal stress and well-being and characterize factors affecting the biology of stress and immune responses</li><br /> <li>Identify and assess genetic components of animal stress and well-being</li><br /> <li>Development of management strategies and/or tools to enhance farm animal well-being under conditions of climatic change or other stressful environment<br /> <p><em>Station(s): Virginia Tech (VT)</em></p><br /> <p>The overall objective of our research is to identify hypothalamic neuronal pathways that are involved in the appetite response to nutritional and thermal stressors in chickens, with an emphasis on broilers. We have developed a model in which chicks are delayed access to feed and transiently exposed to elevated or reduced temperatures in the brooder. The goal is to elucidate epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene expression during this time, leading to persistent changes in feeding behavior that affect long-term growth performance and well-being.</p><br /> <p>Targeted Objectives: 1,2,3</p><br /> <p><em>Station(s): University of Virgin Islands (UVI)</em></p><br /> <p>Our projects evaluate stress on livestock, sheep and cattle, in a tropical environment.</p><br /> <p>Targeted Objectives: 1,2,3</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p><em>Station(s): University of Kentucky</em></p><br /> <p>Equine athletes under heavy exercise need to be called out quickly. Traditional method for cooling horses is to drench the horses with cool water until physiological responses return to normal range. This study looks to combine drenching with airspeed provided by a fan to increase the rate of cool out. Unfortunately, the industry is looking at misting tents at many of the higher-level equine competitions for hot humid climates. The misting tent drops air temperature while increasing humidity which reduces evaporation effectiveness and maybe a concern with cool out potential. This study aims to provide an alternative option for improving cool out under these hot humid conditions.</p><br /> <p><em>Objectives 1,2.</em></p><br /> <p><em>Station(s): Tarleton State University (TSU)</em></p><br /> <p>We aim to better understand the physiology of dairy cattle (Cows and calves) under heat stress condition and to apply this knowledge for finding practical solutions within current housing and management strategies among Texas dairies.</p><br /> <p>&nbsp;</p><br /> <p><em>Station(s): University of Nebraska, Lincoln (UNL) and University of Arizona (UofA)</em></p><br /> <p>The overall objective of our research team is to further elucidate the impact of stressors including heat stress, &beta;-adrenergic agonist (&beta;AA) supplementation, and the combination thereof, on ruminant livestock. To this end, we are examining genomic, physiological, and production (quality and quantity) measures of the response of livestock to these treatments. As an outcome, we will produce rigorous scientific data to serve as a basis upon which to develop new strategies to increase the efficiency of livestock production.</p><br /> <p>Objectives: 1,2,3</p><br /> <p><em>Station(s): University of Puerto Rico (UPR)</em></p><br /> <p>Thermal stress is responsible of the reduction in nutritional and reproductive performance of small ruminants in tropical climates. It is necessary to evaluate feeding strategies to enhance lamb production and characterize reproductive performance of sheep raised under heat stress.</p><br /> <p>Objectives: 1,3</p><br /> <p><em>Station(s): University of Wisconsin-Madison (UWM) </em></p><br /> <p>Thermal stress is responsible of the reduction in nutritional and reproductive performance of small ruminants in tropical climates. It is necessary to evaluate feeding strategies to enhance lamb production and characterize reproductive performance of sheep raised under heat stress.</p><br /> <p>Objectives: 3</p><br /> <p><em>Station(s): University of California-Davis (UCD) and AgResearch of New Zealand (NZ)</em></p><br /> <p>The overall objective for our groups is to create, validate, and refine behavioral toolsets for their use as biomarkers for stress and immune resilience. These behavioral toolsets are used in conjunction with immunological and physiological biomarkers of acute and chronic stress to evaluate and modify animal management and housing strategies.​Objectives: 3</p><br /> <p><em>Station(s): Kansas State University and University of Nebraska, Lincoln (KSU-UNL)</em></p><br /> <p><em>Others collaborating with K-State: Provimi-Cargill, Texas Tech University, </em></p><br /> <p><em>K-State&rsquo;s specific </em>research objective&nbsp;is&nbsp;to&nbsp;develop novel&nbsp;and refine existing&nbsp;behavioral, physiological, and immunological biomarkers to&nbsp;for&nbsp;rapid&nbsp;identification&nbsp;of&nbsp;animals&nbsp;(on a per animal basis)&nbsp;that are in&nbsp;clinical&nbsp;and&nbsp;subclinical states of&nbsp;distress, injury, and&nbsp;sickness.&nbsp;These measures can help stakeholders make timely decisions for managing severe or chronic stressors among farm animals.&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Objectives: 1,3</p><br /> <p><em>Accomplishments</em></p><br /> <p>VT: Student-development (Y. Xao, G. Wang, L. Liu, J. Yi, B. McConn, J. Wang); Peer-reviewed publications, completed animal work; started molecular analyses; Applied for 5 Grants (4 Denied, 1 Pending)</p><br /> <p>KY: Completed Horse response and physiological analyses. One Master&rsquo;s Student completed thesis.&nbsp; Collected all data for heat stress abatement in Dairy cattle.</p><br /> <p>TSU: Submitted publication for calf heat stress experiments.</p><br /> <p>UNL-UofA: Conducted live-animal study of the effects of &beta;1AA supplementation and heat stress on market lambs with focus on alteration in adipose tissue and cardiac function as well as the microbial community. Data analyses underway and some results will be presented at the Western section ASAS meeting in June. Coordinated study with University of Arizona researchers on heat stress and &beta;2AA supplementation in beef cattle to be conducted July - Aug 2019.,</p><br /> <p>UPR: Performance of growing lambs in feedlot conditions fed TMR with two energy levels under stress was conducted. The effect of the season on ram semen quality have been determined Feeding strategies for ewes and lambs raised under heat stress have been evaluated.</p><br /> <p>UWM: Animal work on 2 &nbsp;research projects and preliminary analysis were conducted. We began animal work on 1 new project. Four abstracts were presented at American Dairy Science Association annual meeting (2019). Many extension presentation&nbsp; were provided at producer/industry meetings. In addition, I applied for and gained USDA-NIFA funding for 1 project</p><br /> <p><em>UCD-NZ: We published scientific, peer reviewed manuscripts centered on Dairy Cattle and Heat stress. We analyzed existing data sets for drool as an additional indicator of heat stress in cattle. </em></p><br /> <p><em>KSU-UNL-PC-TTU: Several peer-reviewed publications were accomplished. Two grant proposals were submitted and one was funded. Two M.S. Students completed their theses and one undergraduate researcher from K-State accepted a position with USDA-ARS at Purdue (D. Lay). </em></p><br /> </li><br /> </ol>

Publications

<p><em>Peer Reviewed Scientific Publications </em></p><br /> <p>Beard JK, Mulliniks JT, Yates DT. 2019. Function and dysfunction of fatty acid mobilization: a review. Diabesity 5:1-5.</p><br /> <p>Beede KA, Limesand SW, Petersen JL, Yates DT. 2019. Real supermodels wear wool: Summarizing the impact of the pregnant sheep as an animal model for adaptive fetal programming. Animal Frontiers 9:28-33.</p><br /> <p>Cadaret CN, Posont RJ, Beede KA, Riley HE, Loy JD, Yates DT. 2019. Maternofetal inflammation at mid-gestation induces intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and impairs indices of fetal muscle development at term in rats. Translational Animal Science 3:867-876.</p><br /> <p>Dennis, T.S., F.X. Suarez-Mena, T. M. Hill, J.D. Quigley, R.L.&nbsp;Schlotterbeck, R.N. Klopp, G.J.&nbsp;Lascono, and&nbsp;L.E. Hulbert.&nbsp;2018. Effects of gradual and later weaning ages when feeding high milk replacer rates on growth, textured starter digestibility, and behavior in Holstein calves from 0 to 4 months of age J. Dairy. Sci.&nbsp;<a href="https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15319">https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15319</a></p><br /> <p>Hulbert, L.E., M.S. Calvo-Lorenzo, A.L. Fowler, K.C. Klasing, M.A. Ballou, and F.M. Mitloehner. 2019. Space allowance influences the innate immune responses of Holstein calves during weaning.&nbsp;J. Dairy Sci.&nbsp;4506-4521. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15368">https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15368</a></p><br /> <p>Hulbert, L.E., Y. Luo, M.J. Coffin, E.M. Bortoluzzi, J.M. Mumm, P.J. VandeVord, E.M. McNeil, T. Walilko, Z. Khaing, and L. Zai. 2019. A non-invasive, in-pen human approach test for laboratory housed pigs.&nbsp;J. Vis. Exp.&nbsp;148, e58597. &nbsp;doi:10.3791/58597.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.jove.com/video/58597">https://www.jove.com/video/58597</a></p><br /> <p>Liu, L., J. Yi, W. Ray, L. Vu, R. Helm, P. Siegel, M. Cline, and E. Gilbert. 2019. Fasting differentially alters the hypothalamic proteome of chickens from lines with the propensity to be anorexic or obese. Nutrition and Diabetes. 9: 1-13.</p><br /> <p>McConn, B., A. Koskinen, D. Denbow, E. Gilbert, P. Siegel, and M. Cline. 2019. Central injection of oxytocin reduces food intake and affects hypothalamic and adipose tissue gene expression in chickens. Domestic Animal Endocrinology. 67:11-20.</p><br /> <p>McConn, B., E. Gilbert, and M. Cline 2019. Fasting and refeeding induce differential changes in hypothalamic mRNA abundance of appetite-associated factors in 7 day-old Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology. 227:60-7.</p><br /> <p>McConn, B., P. Siegel, M. Cline, and E. Gilbert. 2019. Anorexigenic effects of mesotocin in chicks are genetic background-dependent and are associated with changes in the paraventricular nucleus and lateral hypothalamus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology. 232:79-90.</p><br /> <p>Mois&aacute;, S.J., S.S. Aly, W.J. Love, T.W.&nbsp;Lehenbauer, P.H.&nbsp;Rossitto, A.L. Van&nbsp;Eenennaam, E.M. Bortoluzzi20,21, S.C. Trombetta&nbsp;and&nbsp;L.E. Hulbert.&nbsp;2019&nbsp; Association&nbsp;between plasma haptoglobin concentration and other biomarkers and bovine respiratory disease status in pre-weaned dairy calves.&nbsp;&nbsp;J.&nbsp; Vet. Diagnostic Investigation.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><br /> <p>Posont RJ and Yates DT. 2019. Postnatal nutrient repartitioning due to adaptive developmental programming. Vet Clin Food Anim 35:277-88.</p><br /> <p>Scanavez, A. L. A., A. G. Arruda, J. S. Stevenson, and L. G. D. Mendon&ccedil;a. 2019. Evaluation of seasonal patterns and herd-level traits associated with insemination risk in large dairy herds in Kansas. PLos ONE 14:e0217080. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217080">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217080</a></p><br /> <p>Scanavez, A. L. A., B. Fragomeni, and L. G. D. Mendon&ccedil;a. 2018. Animal factors associated with core body temperature of nonlactating dairy cows during summer. J. Anim. Sci. 96:5000-5009. doi:10.1093/jas/sky353</p><br /> <p>Scanavez, A. L., and L.G.D. Mendon&ccedil;a. 2018. Gestation Length and Overall Performance in the Subsequent Lactation of Dairy Cows Conceiving to Holstein, Jersey, or Angus Semen: An Observational Study. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 4: Iss. 10. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7713">https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7713</a></p><br /> <p>Sch&uuml;tz, K. E., V. M. Cave, N. R. Cox, F. J. Huddart, and C. B. Tucker. 2019. Effects of 3 surface types on dairy cattle behavior, preference, and hygiene. J. Dairy Sci. 102:1530-1541.</p><br /> <p>Tresoldi, G., K. E. Sch&uuml;tz, and C. B. Tucker. 2018. Cooling cows with sprinklers: Timing strategy affects physiological responses to heat load. J. Dairy Sci. 101:11237-11246.</p><br /> <p>Tresoldi, G., K. E. Sch&uuml;tz, and C. B. Tucker. 2019. Cooling cows with sprinklers: Effects of soaker flow rate and timing on behavioral and physiological responses to heat load and production. J. Dairy Sci. 102:528-538.</p><br /> <p>Van Os, J.M.C (2018). Considerations for cooling dairy cows with water. Veterinary Clinics Food Animal Practice. 35:157-173. <a href="https://doi.rg/10.1016/j.cvfa.2018.10.009">https://doi.rg/10.1016/j.cvfa.2018.10.009</a></p><br /> <p>Wang, J., E. Gilbert, and M. Cline. 2019. Hypothalamic mechanism of corticotropin-releasing factor's anorexigenic effect in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). General and Comparative Endocrinology. 276:22-29.</p><br /> <p>Wang, J., J. Matias, E. Gilbert, T. Tachibana, and M. Cline. 2019. Hypothalamic mechanisms associated with corticotropin-releasing factor-induced anorexia in chicks. Neuropeptides. 74:95-102.</p><br /> <p>Wang, X. S., H. D. Gao, K. G. Gebremedhin, B. S. Bjerg, J. M. C. Van Os, C. B. Tucker, and G. Q. Zhang. 2018. A predictive model of equivalent temperature index for dairy cattle (ETIC). J. Therm. Bio. 76:165-170.</p><br /> <p>Xiao, Y., G. Wang, M. Gerrard, S. Wieland, M. Davis, M. Cline, P. Siegel, and E. Gilbert. 2019. Changes in adipose tissue physiology during the first two weeks post-hatch in chicks from lines selected for low or high body weight. American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Comparative and Integrative Physiology. 316:R802-818.</p><br /> <p><em>Abstracts</em></p><br /> <p>Bayne, A., A. R&iacute;os, A.Rivera, E. Ronda, J. Fern&aacute;ndez y A. A. Rodr&iacute;guez . 2018. Cortes mayoristas y al detal de corderos criolos alimentados con dietas isonitrogenadas con dos niveles energ&eacute;ticos. Annual Meeting Puerto Rican Society of Agricultural Sciences, Aguadilla, PR</p><br /> <p>Bello P, Leal P, Fern&aacute;ndez, J y A.A. Rodr&iacute;guez. 2018. Efecto de la suplementaci&oacute;n proteica sobre la ganancia en peso y par&aacute;metros fisiol&oacute;gicos de ovejas criollas en crecimiento expuestas a estr&eacute;s por calor. Annual Meeting Puerto Rican Society of Agricultural Science, Aguadilla PR.</p><br /> <p>Bello P, Leal P, Fern&aacute;ndez, J y A.A. Rodr&iacute;guez. 2018. Efecto de la suplementaci&oacute;n proteica sobre la ganancia en peso y par&aacute;metros fisiol&oacute;gicos de ovejas criollas en crecimiento expuestas a estr&eacute;s por calor. Annual Meeting Puerto Rican Society of Agricultural Sciences, Aguadilla, PR</p><br /> <p>Cadaret CN, Posont RJ, Swanson RM, Beard JK, Barnes TL Beede KA, Petersen JL, Yates DT. 2019. Intermittent maternofetal O2 supplementation during late gestation rescues placental insufficiency-induced intrauterine growth restriction and metabolic pathologies in the neonatal lamb. Translational Animal Science.</p><br /> <p>Duffy EM, Fernando SC, Schmidt TB, Yates DT, Petesren JL. 2019. Rumen bacterial composition in lambs is affected by &beta;-adrenergic agonist supplementation and heat stress. International Plant and Animal Genome Conference. San Diego, CA.</p><br /> <p>Duffy EM, Hamilton HC, Schmidt TB, Yates DT, Petersen JL. 2019. Effect of environmental temperature and &beta; adrenergic agonist supplementation on rumen volatile fatty acid production. Translational Animal Science.</p><br /> <p>Gamarra, C., and L.G.D. Mendon&ccedil;a. 2019. Increasing Days in the Close-Up Pen of Heat-Stressed Cows. Seneca, Kansas. February 7, 2019</p><br /> <p>Gamarra, C., and L.G.D. Mendon&ccedil;a. 2019. Increasing Days in the Close-Up Pen of Heat-Stressed Cows. Whiteside, Kansas. February 5, 2019</p><br /> <p>Gamarra, C., and L.G.D. Mendon&ccedil;a. 2019. Novel Strategy to Dry Cow Management. 12th Annual DNMC Dairy Summit. August 2, Santa Fe, NM</p><br /> <p>Gibbs RL, Cadaret CN, Swanson RM, Beede KA, Posont RJ, Schmidt TB, Petersen JL, Yates DT. 2019. Body composition estimated by bioelectrical impedance analyses (BIA) is diminished by prenatal stress in neonatal lambs and by heat stress in feedlot wethers. Translational Animal Science.</p><br /> <p>Godfrey, R.W. and A.J. Weis. 2018. Evaluating the lag between body temperature and ambient temperature in Senepol and crossbred heifers in the tropics. J. Anim. Sci. 96(Suppl. 3):401-402 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky404.881">https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky404.881</a></p><br /> <p>Godfrey, R.W., A.L. Nero, G. Roberts and S.A. Lakos. 2018. Evaluating the lag between body temperature and ambient temperature in hair sheep ewes in the tropics. J. Anim. Sci. 96(Suppl. 3):382-383 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky404.839">https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky404.839</a></p><br /> <p>M.R. Mondaca, J.M.C. Van Os, N.B. Cook (2019). A standardized method for characterizing ventilation in freestall dairy facilities. American Dairy Science Association annual meeting, Cincinnatti, OH.</p><br /> <p>Mendon&ccedil;a, L. G. D. 2019. Impacto de la salud en la transici&oacute;n sobre la fertilidad de las vacas de leche (Impact of Transition Cow Health on the Fertility of Dairy Cows). XXIV Congreso Internacional ANEMBE de Medicina Bovina (XXIV International Congress ANEMBE of Bovine Medicine). May 22, Sevilla &ndash; Spain</p><br /> <p>Mendon&ccedil;a, L. G. D. 2019. Impacto del estr&eacute;s por calor en la eficiencia reproductiva en explotaciones lecheras (Impact of Heat Stress on Reproductive Efficiency of Dairy Herds). XXIV Congreso Internacional ANEMBE de Medicina Bovina (XXIV International Congress ANEMBE of Bovine Medicine). May 23, Sevilla &ndash; Spain</p><br /> <p>Posont RJ, Cadaret CN, Beede KA, Beard JK, Swanson RM, Gibbs RM, Petersen JL, Yates DT. 2019. Maternal inflammation at 0.7 gestation in ewes leads to intrauterine growth restriction and impaired glucose metabolism in offspring at 30d of age. Translational Animal Science.</p><br /> <p>Reuscher, K.J., R.S. Salter, M.R. Mondaca, J.M.C. Van Os (2019). Udder wetness and behavioral responses to showers in the milking parlor. American Dairy Science Association annual meeting, Cincinnatti, OH.</p><br /> <p>R&iacute;os, A., A.Bayne, A. Rivera, J. Fern&aacute;ndez y A. A. Rodr&iacute;guez. 2018. Consumo de materia seca, ganancia en peso, conversi&oacute;n alimenticia y rendimiento de la canal de ovinos en confinamiento alimentados con dietas isonitrogenadas con dos niveles energ&eacute;ticos. Annual Meeting Puerto Rican Society of Agricultural Science, Aguadilla PR.</p><br /> <p>Rivera, J., M. Rodr&iacute;guez, J. Fern&aacute;ndez y A. A. Rodr&iacute;guez. 2018. Ganancia en peso de corderos lactantes con acceso controlado a alimento concentrado conteniendo dos niveles de prote&iacute;na bruta y par&aacute;metros sangu&iacute;neos asociados al balance negativo de energ&iacute;a de las madres. Annual Meeting Puerto Rican Society of Agricultural Science, Aguadilla PR.</p><br /> <p>Rosado J, A. Rivera, A. R&iacute;os, E. Ronda, J. Fern&aacute;ndez y A.Rodr&iacute;guez. 2018. Efecto del sistema de alimentaci&oacute;n sobre el rendimiento de la canal y de cortes y calidd de la carne de cordero. Annual Meeting Puerto Rican Society of Agricultural Science, Aguadilla PR. Rosado J, A. Rivera, A. R&iacute;os, E. Ronda, J. Fern&aacute;ndez y A.Rodr&iacute;guez. 2018. Efecto del sistema de alimentaci&oacute;n sobre el rendimiento de la canal y de cortes y calidd de la carne de cordero. Annual Meeting Puerto Rican Society of Agricultural Science, Aguadilla PR. "</p><br /> <p>Salter, R.S., K.J. Reuscher, M.R. Mondaca, J.M.C. Van Os (2019). Effects of shower cooling in the parlor on reducing heat stress. American Dairy Science Association annual meeting, Cincinnatti, OH.</p><br /> <p>Sheng, K.S., K.J. Reuscher, H. Chung, C.Y. Choi, Y. Kim, S.H. Brounts, J.M.C. Van Os (2019). Behavioral response of dairy cows after subcutaneous insertion of real-time temperature detecting biosensor: A pilot study. American Dairy Science Association annual meeting, Cincinnatti, OH.</p><br /> <p>Suarez, J., J. Collazo, J. Fernandez, and A. Rodriguez. 2019.Physiological parameters, weight gain, and carcass yield of crossbred lambs grazing naturalized pastures under heat stress&rdquo;. Annual meeting Latinamerican Association of Small Ruminant Specialist and South American Camelids. Queretaro, Mexico.</p><br /> <p>Su&aacute;rez, J., J. Fern&aacute;ndez y A.A. Rodr&iacute;guez. 2018. Par&aacute;metros fisiol&oacute;gicos, consumo de materia seca y de agua, ganancia en peso y conversi&oacute;n alimenticia de ovinos katahdin alimentados en confinamiento bajo estr&eacute;s</p><br /> <p>Suarez, J., J. Fernandez, and A. Rodriguez. 2019. Physiological and productive parameters of Katahdin lambs fed with total mixed rations and raise under heat stress. 2019. Annual meeting Latinamerican Association of Small Ruminant Specialist and South American Camelids. Queretaro, Mexico</p><br /> <p>Swanson RM, Beede KA, Freeman MD, Eggleston ML, Schmidt TB, Petersen JL, Yates DT. 2019. Ractopamine HCl improved cardiac hypertrophy but not poor growth, metabolic inefficiency, or greater white blood cells associated with heat stress in concentrate-fed lambs. Translational Animal Science.</p><br /> <p>Tucker, C.B. 2019. Heat stress detection and mitigation. Tri-State Nutrition Conference, Fort Wayne Indiana. <a href="https://www.tristatedairy.org/">https://www.tristatedairy.org/</a></p><br /> <p>Van Os, J.M.C. (2019). The ins and outs of behavioral well-being for dairy cows. Proc. 4-State Dairy Nutr. Mgmt. Conf. 44-52.</p><br /> <p>Xiao, Y., P. Siegel, M. Cline, and E. Gilbert. 2019. Changes in adipose tissue physiology during the first two weeks post-hatch in chicks from lines selected for low or high body weight. FASEB J.</p><br /> <p><em>&nbsp;</em></p><br /> <p><em>Extension Publications </em></p><br /> <p>Drwencke, A., Tucker, C., Pistochini, T. 2018. Heat is a serious threat to dairy cows- we're finding innovative ways to keep them cool. The Conversation. <a href="http://theconversation.com/heat-is-a-serious-threat-to-dairy-cows-were-finding-innovative-ways-to-keep-them-cool-84494">http://theconversation.com/heat-is-a-serious-threat-to-dairy-cows-were-finding-innovative-ways-to-keep-them-cool-84494</a></p><br /> <p>Gamarra, C. A., A. L. Scanavez, and L.G.D. Mendon&ccedil;a. 2018. Relationship Between Body Condition Score Change During the Prepartum Period and Week Four Milk Yield of Dairy Cows. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 4: Iss. 10. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7714">https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7714</a></p><br /> <p>Scanavez, A. L., and L.G.D. Mendon&ccedil;a. 2018. Gestation Length and Overall Performance in the Subsequent Lactation of Dairy Cows Conceiving to Holstein, Jersey, or Angus Semen: An Observational Study. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 4: Iss. 10. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7713">https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7713</a></p><br /> <p><em>&nbsp;</em></p><br /> <p><em>Thesis and Dissertations completed</em></p><br /> <p>Benabe, E. 2018. The effect of adding three fat sources in the diets on physiological parameters, dry matter and water intake, nutrient digestibility and blood components in growing lambs. UPR. Rodriguez, advisor.</p><br /> <p>Bortoluzzi, E.M.&nbsp;2017-2019. Applied Ethology Management Methods&nbsp;For&nbsp;Resilient Calves.&nbsp;Master&rsquo;s&nbsp;of Science&nbsp;in the department of Animal Sciences and Industry, K-State.&nbsp;<a href="http://hdl.handle.net/2097/39623">http://hdl.handle.net/2097/39623</a></p><br /> <p>McGill, S.E. 2019. Evaluation of Air Movement in Equestrian Facilities and on equine Atheletes.&nbsp; MS. M. Hayes advisor. U of Kentucky, <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1742-3512">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1742-3512</a></p><br /> <p>Posont RP. 2019. MS in The Role of Inflammatory Pathways in Development, Growth, and Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle in IUGR Offspring; Blood Gene Expression of Inflammatory Factors as Novel Biomarkers for Assessing Stress and Wellbeing in Exotic Species. UNL MS Thesis. D. Yates Advisor. : <a href="https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscidiss">https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscidiss</a></p><br /> <p>Ruiz, L.A.&nbsp;2016-2019. Behavioral Biomarkers for Calf Health.&nbsp;Master&rsquo;s&nbsp;of Science&nbsp;in the department of Animal Sciences and Industry, K-State.&nbsp;<a href="http://hdl.handle.net/2097/39550">http://hdl.handle.net/2097/39550</a></p><br /> <p>Suarez, J. 2019. Effect of the feeding system on productive and physiological parameters of lambs raised in heat stress. UPR. Rodriguez advisor.</p><br /> <p>Tresoldi, G. 2018. Mitigating heat stress in lactating dairy cows. PhD in the Animal Biology Graduate Group at UC Davis. <a href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/2135264125?pq-origsite=gscholar">https://search.proquest.com/docview/2135264125?pq-origsite=gscholar</a></p>

Impact Statements

1. KSU-UNL: Overall, the impact the work has: strengthened our knowledge about the physiological underpinnings of behaviors during stress; increased management of novel technologies, and, we gained knowledge about how stress mitigation strategies can be applied to improve efficiency. In addition, two Latin-X students advanced their careers and one undergraduate gained a graduate position because of multistate efforts. At K-State, one professor became the director of the Dairy Cattle Reproduction Council (DCRC)

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Report Information

Participants

Monday, Dec 7th
Attendance: Duarte Diaz and Benjamin Renquist (University of AZ), Eileen Fabian (Penn State University), Sabine Mann (Cornell), Robert Godfrey (University of the Virgin Islands), Yuzhi Li (University of Minnesota), Yihang Li (University of Delaware), Jessica Petersen, Ty Schmidt and Dustin Yates (University of Nebraska), Juliana Ranches (Oregon State University), Carrie Vance (Mississippi State University), Anthony Parker (Ohio State University)

Tuesday, Dec 8th
Attendance: Duarte Diaz and Benjamin Renquist (University of Arizona), Eileen Fabian (Penn State University), Kifle Gebremedhin and Sabine Mann (Cornell University), Robert Godfrey (University of the Virgin Islands), Yuzhi Li (University of Minnesota), Jessica Petersen, Ty Schmidt, Ruth Woiwode and Dustin Yates (University of Nebraska), Juliana Ranches (Oregon State University), Cassandra Tucker (University of California - Davis), Anthony Parker (Ohio State University), Shawna Weimer (University of Maryland), Timothy Sullivan (NIFA)

Wednesday, Dec 9th
Attendance: Duarte Diaz and Benjamin Renquist (University of Arizona), Robert Godfrey (University of the Virgin Islands), Yuzhi Li (University of Minnesota), Jessica Petersen, Ty Schmidt and Dustin Yates (University of Nebraska), Juliana Ranches (Oregon State University), Anthony Parker (Ohio State University), Shawna Weimer (University of Maryland)

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

<p><strong>Additional information regarding Station activities and goals are included in the compilation of Abstracts submitted prior to the meeting (attached with Meeting Minutes)&nbsp;</strong></p><br /> <p>Stations included:&nbsp; Colorado State, Cornell, Puerto Rico, Oregon State, Ohio State, Arizona, Maryland, Minnesota, Virgin Islands, Nebraska</p><br /> <p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><br /> <p><strong>Accomplishments</strong><strong> (from Station Reports submitted to the Chair)</strong></p><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Terry Engle, Lily Edwards-Callaway, John Wagner, Mark Enns;<strong> Colorado State University; </strong>Objective 1; Species-Beef Cattle</li><br /> </ul><br /> <p>1) Published scientific, peer reviewed manuscripts, 2) initiated and completed experiments investigating appropriate methods of euthanasia, and 3) initiated and completed live animal and cell culture experiments to help understand mineral homeostasis and interactions with immunity in beef cattle.</p><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Juliana Ranches, David Bohnert;<strong> Oregon State University; </strong>Objectives 1,3; Species &ndash; Cattle</li><br /> </ul><br /> <p>1) Conducted research trial looking at the effects of trace mineral supplementation prior to weaning and the effects of supplementation on calf health and wellbeing, 2) Conducted research trial looking at the effects the use of GPS-shock collars on behavior of beef cattle, and 3) Conducted research trial looking at the effects of bovine appeasing substance on calf behavior and wellbeing at weaning (Brazil).</p><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Cassandra Tucker, <strong>University of California-Davis; </strong>Karin Schutz,<strong> AgResearch New Zealand;</strong> Grazyne Tresoldi,<strong> California State University Chico;</strong> Objective 3; Species-Cattle</li><br /> </ul><br /> <p>1) We completed analysis for a year-long project examining the effect of weather and cattle characteristics (age, posture, breed) on respiration rate. We found that respiration rates are higher than values reported in common veterinary textbooks and that calves respiration rates change more quickly than any other age class on the dairy in response to rising ambient temperatures. 2) We compared different types of loggers used to measure cattle body temperature. We found that device type and accuracy affect the measurements taken, as does how often measurements are taken. 3) We have been evaluating different technology to save water and energy when cooling dairy cattle and the results from some of this work have been published this year.</p><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Dustin Yates, Ty Schmidt and Jessica Petersen,<strong> University of Nebraska-Lincoln;</strong> Objectives 1,2,3; Species-Cattle, Sheep</li><br /> </ul><br /> <p>1) Data analysis from our July &ndash; Sept 2019 beef cattle study conducted in collaboration with Dr. Diaz (Univ of Arizona) continued. The trial was a 24 steer (Red Angus), 2x2 study (heat stress and supplementation with a &beta;2AA). An interaction between supplement and heat stress (<em>P</em>=0.02) was observed in rectal temperature as animals in heat stress had increased respiration rate; the increase in heat stressed animals compared to the thermal neutral controls, however, was not as great in those also fed the &beta;2AA. Respiration rate was significantly increased due to the environment (<em>P</em>=0.01) and tended to be reduced in animals supplemented with the &beta;2AA (<em>P</em>=0.06). 2) Studies of mitochondrial function were based upon data from years 1-3 of the project that revealed &beta;AA supplementation likely alters oxidative phosphorylation. To pursue how the &beta;AA may alter this characteristic of the cell, we used cell culture of skeletal muscle satellite cells. Analyses in cattle revealed that both &beta;1AA and &beta;2AA increased maximal respiration (<em>P</em>=0.004) and spare respiratory capacity (<em>P</em>=0.013) of the cells, demonstrating a mechanism by which these supplements may impact production efficiency. 3) Analysis of the subcutaneous adipose transcriptome from cattle in the heat stress and &beta;2AA study revealed an interaction (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05) of environment and supplement on the expression of some loci; the additional variable of time (-3, 3, 10, or 21 days of treatment) also altered expression. For example, acute phase signaling, a key inflammatory/immune pathway, was upregulated at day 3 compared to pre-trial levels but was inhibited at days 10 and 21. Various other components of inflammatory pathways were observed to be upregulated primarily due to heat stress although investigation of the role of the &beta;2AA remains under investigation.&nbsp; Pathways related to mitochondrial function (e.g., oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle) were also altered due to heat stress contributing to interest in studies outlined above. 4) Our team has been using camera systems developed (NUTrack System) to find a means to identify immune or stress-compromised animals prior to clinical symptoms. The tracking system was utilized in our previous live animal trials and will continue to be refined and tested in upcoming experiments.&nbsp; Results thus far have shown that the method can accurately measure animal respiration rate and track movement through the duration of a 21 day trial.</p><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Abner Rodriguez and John Fernandez;<strong> University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez</strong>; Objectives No 3; Species Sheep</li><br /> </ul><br /> <p>1) The performance, carcass traits and meat quality of native lambs fed total mixed rations and raised under heat stress conditions was determined. 2) Experiments to determine growth characteristics, puberty, and sexual maturity of male lambs progeny of male crosses Dorper and Katahdin with native ewes raised under heat stress conditions are under progress.</p><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Shawna Weimer;<strong> University of Maryland</strong>; Objective 1; Species &ndash; chicken</li><br /> </ul><br /> <p>1) Successfully completed an animal experiment where half of the population of 2 breeds of broiler chickens (N=108 birds) were challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Lab work has been completed on intestinal histology and sickness behavior and data is being analyzed. 2) Successfully completed an animal experiment where broiler chickens were raised in pens (N=16 pens) with and without spotlights, structural enrichments, or both. SOPs are being developed to train undergraduate students to code for behavior from video recorded throughout the experiment and tibia bones will be measured for morphology and ashed. 3) Preparations for a field study on an organic commercial broiler farm are currently underway.</p><br /> <ul><br /> <li>Yuzhi Li; <strong>University of Minnesota; </strong>Objectives 1,3; Species- Swine</li><br /> </ul><br /> <p>1) We evaluated behavioral indicators of pain in castrated pigs. Male piglets (n = 88) were either castrated or sham castrated within 24 hours after birth. Behavior and vocalizations were recorded via video recording. Compared to sham-castrated piglets, castrated piglets kicked more frequently (P &lt; 0.05) during castration. Additionally, 52% of castrated piglets displayed body flailing, whereas only 4.4% of sham-castrated piglets displayed the same behavior (P &lt; 0.01). Castrated piglets had more high frequency calls than sham-castrated piglets (P &lt; 0.05) during castration. Results indicate that castration without the use of analgesia increased the frequency of leg kicks, body failing, and high frequency calls. This suggests that leg kicks, body failing, and high frequency calls are useful behavioral indicators of acute pain in piglets. 2) We evaluated heat stress of lactating sows through behavioral indicators, determining the effects of chilled drinking water and cooled floor pads on their behavior under heat stress. Behavior of sows was video-recorded during farrowing, and days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after farrowing. Cooling treatment had no effect on farrowing, drinking, or postural behavior of the sow.&nbsp; As lactation progressed, sows increased drinking frequency and time spent lying on chest/belly, standing, and sitting, while decreasing time spent lying on the shoulder in both control and treatment rooms. This study indicates that chilled drinking water and cooled floor pads did not affect behavior of sows during farrowing and lactation. Behavior may be not a good indicator for farrowing/lactating sows under heat stress due to the nursing instinct of the sow. 3) This study evaluated electric-heated mat (EM), water-heated mat (WM), and infrared heat lamp (HL) systems as supplemental heat for piglets from birth to weaning using 42 litters of piglets in three trials, with 14 litters in each treatment group. Postural behaviors were video-recorded and performance data were collected from birth to weaning. Results indicate that piglets spent a similar amount of time on EM as under HL. Growth performance of piglets was comparable among the three heat sources. Taking into consideration the cost and ease of installation, electricity use, and durability of the three supplemental heat sources, EM appear to be a better choice to provide supplemental heat to suckling piglets compared to HL and WM. 4) We developed and tested the novel methods and strategies that are readily applicable on pig farms. Our research indicated that behavior is a good indicator of acute pain caused by castration in piglets. Our research also demonstrated the capacity and limitation of behavior as an indicator of pig welfare. Results of the projects have been disseminated to stakeholders and scientists through publications in peer-reviewed journals and social media, along with presentations at conferences and extension events. Pork producers will use the outcome of the projects to assess pain in pigs, and select proper heating and cooling systems for maintaining thermal comfort of piglets and lactating sows.</p>

Publications

Impact Statements

1. Providing supplemental heat to newborn piglets is critical to their survival and welfare. While the source of heat did not influence behavior or growth performance of piglets, we recommended electric mats over heat lamps and water mats based on the cost and electricity use of the heat sources. Pork producers are expected to provide solar-powered electric mats to their piglets to maintain pig welfare and reduce carbon footprint of pork production.

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