NCCC_old308: Nutrition and Management of Feedlot Cattle to Optimize Performance, Carcass Value and Environmental Compatibility (NCT192)

(Multistate Research Coordinating Committee and Information Exchange Group)

Status: Inactive/Terminating

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SAES-422 Reports

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Date of Annual Report: 01/17/2015

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 05/20/2014 - 05/22/2014
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2013 - 09/01/2013

Participants

DiCostanzo, Alfredo (dicos001@umn.edu) Univ. of MN
Fluharty, Francis (fluharty.1@osu.edu) The Ohio State Univ.
Hanson, Stephanie (slhansen@mail.iastate.edu) Iowa State Univ.
Loerch, Steve (sloerch@illinois.edu) University of Illinois
Felix, Tara (tfelix@illinois.edu) Univ of Illinois
Luebbe, Matt (mluebbe2@unl.edu) Univ. of Nebraska
Pritchard, Robbi (robbi.pritchard@sdstate.edu) South Dakota State University
Steve Rust. Michigan state Univ.
Dan Schaefer. Univ. of Wisconsin
Schoonmaker, Jon (jschoonm@purdue.edu) Purdue University
Kendall Swanson. North Dakota State Univ.
Guests:
Jeff Kafka (Elanco), The Ohio State University Beef Team

Brief Summary of Minutes

Project/Activity Number: NCCC-308
Project/Activity Title: Nutrition and Management of Feedlot Cattle to Optimize Performance, Carcass value, and Environmental Compatibility (NCT-192)
Period Covered: May 2013 to May 2014
Annual Meeting Dates: May 20 – 22, 2014
Annual Meeting Location: Wooster, OH

Members present:
Alfredo DiCostanzo, Univ. of MN
Francis Fluharty, The Ohio State Univ. (Chair)
Stephanie Hanson, Iowa State Univ.
Steve Loerch (Secretary, Chair elect) University of Illinois
Tara Felix. Univ of Illinois
Matt Luebbe. Univ. of Nebraska (Secretary and elected chair)
Robbi Pritchard, South Dakota State University
Steve Rust. Michigan state Univ.
Dan Schaefer. Univ. of Wisconsin
Jon Schoonmaker. Purdue University
Kendall Swanson. Noerth Dakota State Univ.
Guests:
Jeff Kafka (Elanco), The Ohio State University Beef Team
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Tuesday, May 20th
General gathering and introduction of new members and guests. Review committee meeting agenda and discuss priority areas.

Wednesday, May 21st
Steve Smith joined via conference call to discuss changes for NIFA funding opportunities. Steve provided a report on funding changes as they relate to individual or multi-investigator grants.
Francis Fluharty and the OSU Beef Team discussed the structure and function of beef research and extension at OSU. Current and proposed collaborative efforts were discussed to strengthen programs.
Experiment Station Reports- Faculty from the 10 institutions that attended the meeting presented research focused on the challenges and opportunities in each state. There were several key areas identified and discussed that met one or more goals of the group.

Tour OARDC Campus and Beef/Sheep Centers

Experiment Station Reports- Continuation from previous session

Dinner at Certified Angus Beef- Role of CAB, consumer preferences and potential challenges the beef industry may need to address to maintain customer acceptance.

Thursday May 22rd

Experiment Station Reports

Committee administration meeting and plans for 2015- The group decided to hold the meeting in Scottsbluff NE at the Panhandle Research and Extension Center.

Accomplishments

SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES General: Members of the NCCC306 continued to achieve goals that address nutrition and management issues related to performance, carcass value, and environmental sustainability of beef feedlot operations. This year, 11 committee members met to discuss novel approaches to integrate individual contributions into a cohesive report that is meaningful to our clientele. Our current report demonstrates the overall outcomes, outputs, activities, milestones and impacts as a group. In addition to committee member participation, our guests included members from the Ohio State University Beef Team and allied industry. Our group was successful meeting the overall goals to improve the sustainability of the beef feedlot industry. Objective 1. Enhance the utilization of C from energy feeds to compete in an energy economy and improve national food security. Utilization of co-products as substitutes for corn grain and concomitant issues arising from their utilization such as need to utilize degradable intake protein, deleterious effects of sulfur concentrations, and need to process grain were issues committee members concentrated their research focus. Significant effort was dedicated by members from three states to understand effects of removing oil from condensed distillers solubles or distillers grains and solubles on energy value and performance and beef quality response. Emerging co-products from further processing distillers grains and solubles and of algae production and effects of K supplementation in high-forage diets were new efforts reported this year by IA and WI researchers. A grand total of members from 6 states contributed to this objective (IL, IA, MN, NE, ND and WI). Objective 2. To enhance the environmental sustainability of the feedlot industry through conservation and nutrient management. Research on impact of facilities design on capacity to retain nutrients from manure was presented. A novel method of measuring methane concentrations was tested in low-energy diets based on distillers grains and solubles and supplemented or not with monensin was tested. Similarly, methane concentrations were reported with diets containing greater forage concentrations, and rumen methane concentrations at time zero were correlated most with total methane production. Three member states (IL, MN, NE) participated advancing knowledge basis on impact of facility design on fertilizer value of manure, and ruminal response to dietary concentrations of distillers grains and solubles, forage and monensin. Objective 3. To enhance the production efficiency and quality of feedlot cattle through management strategies and technologies. Members representing two states continued the group’s effort to research and report on alkali treatment of forages to enhance their value. Several efforts were initiated to understand effects of cattle management on performance, carcass characteristics or beef sensory and quality traits through emerging and established technologies including gene expression, early weaning, feeding time and feed allowance, dietary forage concentration, manipulating protein concentration or source, use of essential oils in the presence of monensin, feeding a complete diet pellet, vitamin or yeast supplementation, mineral supplementation of the feedlot animal or dam, feed efficiency ranking, and use of ?-agonists. Tail docking in dairy steers maintained in slatted floor facilities was evaluated also. A novel additive was also evaluated as its ability to reduce nitrogen volatilization. Members from the states of IA, IL, IN, MI, MN, ND, NE, OH, OK, and SD contributed to this objective. Vitamin E supplementation of the feedlot steer or selenium supplementation of the dam had positive impacts on feed efficiency in the feedlot. OUTPUTS Committee members from 11 states made 110 presentations to stakeholders in state, regional, or national meetings. The presentations included webinars, cattle producer meetings, and scientific meetings across the US. Findings associated with NCCC308 Objectives were presented. In 2013, members of the committee published 51 refereed journal articles, 12 papers in proceedings, 53 experiment station publications, and 76 abstracts on project objectives. In addition, committee members published 27 articles in trade publications and newsletters. These outputs were communicated to academia, beef producers, feed industries, pharmaceutical industries, and consulting nutritionists and veterinarians. ACTIVITIES Objective 1: Enhance the utilization of C from energy feeds to compete in an energy economy and improve national food security. Ruminal response to glycerin supplementation and effects of maturity on ruminal fermentation traits of Miscanthus sp., an alternative forage, were evaluated by University of Illinois. Work by Iowa State University under this objective focused on impact of dietary sulfur and inclusion of vitamin C on activity of calpain. Also, two emerginc co-products (distillers grains and algae meal) were evaluated for their impact on feedlot performance. Studies by University of Minnesota, University of Nebraska, and North Dakota State University focused on impact of feeding oil-extracted distillers grains and solubles on ruminal fermentation and feedlot performance. Further, University of Minnesota continued its focus on understanding ruminal need for degradable protein through a meta-analysis of existing performance data. North Dakota State University focused on type of forage supplemented at 10% forage NDF on performance and carcass characteristics. University of Wisconsin evaluated adequacy of current MP system in feedlot diets. Objective 2: To enhance the environmental sustainability of the feedlot industry through conservation and nutrient management. University of Illinois continued study of methane production under a variety of dietary conditions. University of Minnesota demonstrated that greater nutrient retention was achieved by facilities that contain feces and urine in a pit as opposed to facilities managed with a bed pack or on an open lot. University of Nebraska researched a new approach at measuring methane production. Objective 3: To enhance the production efficiency and quality of feedlot cattle through management strategies and technologies. Most of the universities represented at the meeting reported under this objective as a variety of technologies both new and established were tested for their impact on performance, carcass quality or beef quality. Iowa State University evaluated impact of feed efficiency ranking during the growing phase on performance and digestibility. University of Illinois researched performance on low to high concentrations of dietary protein. North Dakota State University also investigated protein concentration and bedding rate on cattle performance. Also, The Ohio State University researched effects of protein source in high-forage diets on performance. University of Illinois researched impact of using ractopamine at the newly approved higher dose in heifers. In this regard, University of Nebraska evaluated impact of sorting cattle before and during ractopamine feeding. Also, South Dakota State University tested the hypothesis that Ca repletion may improve beef quality in cattle fed zilpaterol. Alkali treatment of forages was researched by Purdue University and University of Nebraska. Further Purdue University researched impact of supplementing Se to the dam on feedlot performance. University of Michigan studied impact of supplementing vitamin E on feedlot performance of dairy steers and impact of tail docking on tail injury and welfare. University of Minnesota studied effects of yeast supplementation on ruminal fermentation of high grain diets. University of Nebraska studied effects of feeding essential oils in conjunction with monensin on feedlot performance. In addition, they studied impact of feeding a complete receiving pellet and of feeding a novel additive on nitrogen volatilization. North Dakota State University studied effects of feeding time and feeding allowance on performance of cattle. They also evaluated effects of increasing forage in feedlot diets on performance and beef quality. The Ohio State University studied impact of weaning age on performance, carcass characteristics and beef quality. Oklahoma State University studied integrated effects of exposing cattle to production technologies on performance, carcass characteristics and beef quality. Also, they studied impact of ancillary antibiotic treatment to BRD on treatment response. Further they elucidated impact of BRD on performance and beef quality. South Dakota State University studied impact of understanding certain gene expression on beef quality. MILESTONES The group’s accomplishments in 2013 represents milestones in progress towards five major areas: 1) contributing to our understanding of the impact of oil extraction of distillers grains and solubles on energy values, 2) demonstrating the resulting value of alkali treated forages while determining simpler inclusion approaches, 3) advancing our understanding of effects of diet and facilities on nutrient output, 4) furthering our knowledge of impacts of source and protein fraction supplementation on performance, and 5) demonstrating impacts of novel strategies or approaches to improve performance, beef quality and animal welfare. Data reported by University of Nebraska and North Dakota State University demonstrated that oil extraction may not impact performance while results from data by the University of Minnesota supported their findings and further proposed that ruminal fermentation impact in high-oil distillers grains and solubles, although contributing to greater energy supply post-ruminal, may negatively impact microbial fermentation in the rumen. This would explain the lack of observed differences in vivo. University of Nebraska and Purdue University contributed to a greater understanding of the value of alkali-treated corn stalks or adding alkali directly as diets are mixed. In studies where alkali-treated corn stalks were fed to cattle at 20% of diet dry matter, cattle fed only 6% untreated corn stalks performed better. Similarly, an apparent alkali-treated forage and distillers grains and solubles inclusion interaction was elucidated wherein moderate to low inclusions of alkali-treated corn stalks in high distillers grains and solubles diets was a better option than in low distillers grains and solubles diets. On the other hand, low inclusions of alkali directly to the diet appeared to show promise. Data from the University of Minnesota revealed that concentrations of manure nutrients were greater for manure samples derived from facilities where greater manure capture was possible as is the case for confined buildings with slatted floor facilities over a pit. Also, methane production may be associated with feeding time concentrations of methane in the rumen as indicated by University of Illinois reports. Lastly, a novel method to determine methane was unveiled by University of Nebraska researchers. This method will serve as a simple, yet accurate method of determining impacts of diet on methane production in the future. As the National Research Council commissioned analyzing and developing the new standards for cattle feeding under the Council’s Nutrient Requirement Series for Beef Cattle, data from studies presented by University of Wisconsin, North Dakota State University, University of Minnesota, The Ohio State University, and University of Illinois on response by growing and finishing cattle exposed to various protein sources and protein fractions demonstrating various intake responses will contribute greatly to researchers involved in writing new cattle feeding standards. Universities represented by this group continue active work to develop and test new approaches to determining impact of management strategies on performance and beef quality. New forays into bringing gene expression technology to predict beef quality were demonstrated by South Dakota State University. Applications of existing approaches such as vitamin and mineral nutrition have been investigated by South Dakota State University, Purdue University, and Michigan State University with a focus on increasing performance response and response by beef quality traits. Newer approaches to management such as early weaning, ancillary BRD therapies, increased doses of ractopamine, complete pelleted receiving diets, and feed efficiency ranking were used to improve performance response by The Ohio State University, Oklahoma State University, University of Illinois, University of Nebraska and Iowa State University, respectively.

Publications

Publications Refereed Publications Abo-Ismail, M. K., G. Vander Voort, E. J. Squires, K. C. Swanson, I. B. Mandell, P. Stothard, S. Moore, G. Plastow, and S. P. Miller. 2014. Single nucleotide polymorphisms for feed efficiency and performance in crossbred beef cattle. BMC Genetics. 15:14. Abo-Ismail, M. K., M. J. Kelly, E. J. Squires, K. C. Swanson, and S. P. Miller. 2013. Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in digestive and metabolic processes associated with feed efficiency and performance traits in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 91:2512-2529. J.C. Macdonald. 2013. Effects of crude glycerin on receiving performance and health status of beef steers and nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation characteristics of growing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 91:4277-4289. Awda, B. J., S. P. Miller, Y. R. Montanholi, G. Vander Voort, T. Caldwell, M. M. Buhr, and K.C. Swanson. 2013. The relationship between feed efficiency traits and fertility in young beef bulls. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93:185-192. Bloomberg, B.D., G.G. Mafi, B.J. Pye, J.L. Wahrmund, C.J. Richards. J.D. Morgan, and D.L. VanOverbeke. 2013. Impact of health management, health treatments, and zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation on carcass quality, color, and palatability traits in heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 91:3465–3473. Bohrer, B.M., B.M. Edenburn, D.D. Boler, A.C. Dilger, and T.L. Felix. 2014. Effect of feeding ractopamine hydrochloride (Optaflexx) with or without supplemental zinc and chromium propionate on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. (Accepted) Borhan, M.S., D.P. Gautam, C. Engel, V.L. Anderson, and S. Rahman. 2013. Effects of pen bedding and feeding high crude protein diets on manure composition and greenhouse gas emissions from a feedlot pen surface. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 63(12):1457–1468. Buckner, C. D., T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2013. Evaluation of modifications to the neutral detergent fiber analysis procedure for corn and distillers grains plus solubles. Prof. Anim. Scient. 29:252-259. Drewnoski, M. E. and S. L. Hansen. 2013a. Effect of delaying the feeding of high sulfur until 28 days after adaptation to finishing diet on cattle intake, gain, and ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentrations. Livestock Science. 155:230-235. Duckworth, M.J., A.S. Schroeder, D.B. Faulkner, G.C. Fahey, and T.L. Felix. 2014. Effects of feeding calcium oxide treated wet distillers grains with solubles or treated corn stover to cattle on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and ruminal metabolism. Prof. Anim. Sci. (Submitted) Felix, T.L., C.J. Long, S.A. Metzger, and K.M. Daniels. 2014. Adaptation to various sources of dietary sulfur by ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. Published online before print March 26, 2014, doi: 10.2527/jas.2013-7156. Felix, T.L., S.C. Loerch, and F.L. Fluharty. 2013. Protein supplementation for growing cattle fed a corn silage based diet. Prof. Anim. Sci. (In press) Fink, R. C., Popowski, J. M., Dahlberg, J. L., Kalyanikutty, S., Crawford, G. I., DiCostanzo, A., Cox, R. B., Diez- Gonzalez, F. 2013. Impact of management practices and distillers' grains feeding on the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 in feedlot cattle in Minnesota. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 10:559-565. Hales, K.E., K.J. Kraich, R.G. Bondurant, B.E. Meyer, M.K. Luebbe, M.S. Brown, N.A. Cole, Hales, K.E., R.G. Bondurant, M.K. Luebbe, N.A. Cole, and J.C. MacDonald. 2013. Effects of Holligan, S., J. Wang, J. P. Cant, and K. C. Swanson. 2013. A mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach to detect tissue-wide adaptive changes associated with increased ?-amylase activity in domestic cattle (Bos Taurus). Comp. Biochem. Phys. D. 8:65-71. Islas, A., T. C. Gilbery, R. S. Goulart, C. R. Dahlen, M. L. Bauer, and K. C. Swanson. 2014. Influence of supplementation with corn dried distillers grains plus solubles to growing calves fed medium-quality hay on growth performance and feeding behavior. J. Anim. Sci. 92:705-711. Kim, Minseok, Tara L. Felix, Steve C. Loerch, and Zhongtang Yu. 2014. Effect of haylage and monensin supplementation on ruminal bacterial communities of feedlot cattle. Current Microbio. Published online before print March 30, 2014, doi: 10.1007/s00284-014-0564-1. Klopfenstein, T. J., G. E. Erickson, and L. L. Berger. 2013. Maize is a critically important source of food, feed, energy and forage in the USA. Field Crops Research 153C:96-102. Knobel, S.M., G.G. Mafi, C. Mireles De Witt, J.B. Morgan, C.J. Richards, and D.L. VanOverbeke. 2013. The impact of post-harvest interventions on the color stability, and subsequently, the palatability of beef from cattle fed wet distillers grain. J. Anim. Sci. 91:1468–1479. Kobayashi, N., E. A. Noel, A. Barnes, A. Watson, J. N. Rosenberg, G. Erickson, and G. A. Oyler. 2013. Characterization of three Chlorella sorokiniana strains in anaerobic digested effluent from cattle manure. Bioresource Tech. 150:377-386. Korn, K. T., J. N. Waddell, M. C. Claeys, R. P. Lemenager, and J. P. Schoonmaker. 2013. Supplemental vitamin D3 and zilpaterol hydrochloride II. Effect on calcium concentrations, muscle fiber type, and calpain expression in feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. Korn, K. T., M. C. Claeys, R. P. Lemenager, and J. P. Schoonmaker. 2013. Supplemental vitamin D3 and zilpaterol hydrochloride I. Effect on performance, vitamin D metabolites, Lin, M., D. M. Schaefer, G. Q. Zhao and Q. X. Meng. 2013. Effects of nitrate adaptation by rumen inocula donors and substrate fiber proportion on in vitro nitrate disappearance, methanogenesis, and rumen fermentation acid. Animal 7:1099-1105. Lin, M., W. Guo, Q. Meng, D. M. Stevenson, P. J. Weimer and D. M. Schaefer. 2013. Changes in Rumen Bacterial Community Composition in Steers in Response to Dietary Nitrate. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 97: 8719-8727. DOI 10.1007/s00253-013-5143-z Meyer, N. F., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, J. R. Benton, M. K. Luebbe, and S. B. Laudert. 2013. Effects of monensin and tylosin in finishing diets containing corn wet distillers grains with solubles with differing corn processing methods. J. Anim. Sci. 91:2219-2228. Montanholi, Y. R., K. C. Swanson, R. Palme, G. Vander Voort, L. S. Haas, and S. P. Miller. 2013. Glucocorticoids as biomarkers for feed efficiency in cattle. Livest. Sci. 155:130-136. Montanholi, Y., A. Fontoura, K. Swanson, B. Coomber, S. Yamashiro, and S. Miller. 2013. Small intestine histomorphometry of beef cattle with divergent feed efficiency. Acta Vet. Scand. 55:9. Morrow, L. A., T. L. Felix, F. L. Fluharty, K. M. Daniels, S. C. Loerch. 2013. Effects of sulfur and acidity on performance and digestibility in feedlot lambs fed dried distillers grains with solubles. J. Anim. Sci. 91:2211–2218. Nafikov, R. A., J. P. Schoonmaker, K. T. Korn, K. Noack, D. J. Garrick, K. J. Koehler, J. Minick-Bormann, J. M. Reecy, D. E. Spurlock, and D. C. Beitz. 2013. Association of polymorphisms in solute carrier family 27, isoform A6 (SLC27A6) and fatty acid binding protein-3 and fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP3 and FABP4) with fatty acid Nafikov, R. A., J. P. Schoonmaker, K. T. Korn, K. Noack, D. J. Garrick, K. J. Koehler, J. Minick-Bormann, J. M. Reecy, D. E. Spurlock, and D. C. Beitz. 2013. Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) polymorphism and milk fatty acid composition. J. Dairy Sci. 96:2605-2616. Nichols, C. A., V. R. Bremer, A. K. Watson, C. D. Buckner, J. L. Harding, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and D. R. Smith. 2013. The effect of sulfur and use of ruminal available sulfur as a model to predict incidence of polioencephalomalacia in feedlot cattle. Bovine Pract. 47(1):47-53. Paulus Compart, D. M., A. M. Carlson, G. I. Crawford, R. C. Fink, F. Diez-Gonzalez, A. DiCostanzo, and G. C. Shurson. 2013. Presence and biological activity of antibiotics used in fuel ethanol and corn co-product production. J. Anim. Sci. 91:2395-2404. Pogge, D. J. and S. L. Hansen. 2013. Effect of varying concentrations of vitamin C on performance, blood metabolites, and carcass characteristics of steers consuming a common high-sulfur (0.55% S) diet. J. Anim. Sci. 91:5754-5761. Pogge, D. J. and S. L. Hansen. 2013. Supplemental vitamin C improves marbling in feedlot Prezotto, L. D., C. O. Lemley, L. E. Camacho, F. E. Doscher, A. M. Meyer, J. S. Caton, K. A. Vonnahme, and K. C. Swanson. 2013. Effects of nutrient restriction and melatonin supplementation on maternal and fetal hepatic and small intestinal energy utilization. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12142. R.G. Bondurant, and M.L. Galyean. 2013. Effects of dietary concentration of wet distillers grains on performance by newly received beef cattle, in vitro gas production and volatile fatty acid concentration, and in vitro dry matter disappearance. J. Anim. Sci. 91:2836-2845. Rahman, S., M. S. Borhan, and K. Swanson. 2013. Greenhouse gas emissions from beef cattle pen surfaces in North Dakota. Envir. Tech. 34:1239-1246. Saatchi, M., D. J. Garrick, R. G. Tait, M. S. Mayes, M. Drewnoski, J. P. Schoonmaker, C. Diaz, D. C. Beitz, and J. M. Reecy. 2013. Genome-wide association and prediction of direct genomic breeding values for composition of fatty acids in Angus beef cattle. BMC Salim, H., K. M. Wood, P. L. McEwen, G. Vandervoort, S. P. Miller, I. B. Mandell, J. P. Cant, and K. C. Swanson. 2014. Influence of feeding increasing level of dry or modified wet corn distillers grains plus solubles in whole corn grain-based finishing diets on growth performance, carcass traits, and feeding behavior in finishing cattle. Livest. Sci. 161:53-59. Sarturi, J. O., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, J. T. Vasconcelos, W. A. Griffin, K. M. Rolfe, J. R. Benton, and V. R. Bremer. 2013. Sulfur content in wet or dry distillers grains at several inclusions on cattle growth performance, ruminal parameters, and hydrogen sulfide. J. Anim. Sci. 91:4849-4860. Sarturi, J. O., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, K.M.Rolfe, C.D. Buckner, and M. K. Luebbe. 2013. Impact of source of sulfur on ruminal hydrogen sulfide and logic for the ruminal available sulfur for reduction concept. J. Anim. Sci. 91:3352-3359. Sayer, K. M., C. D. Buckner, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, C. N. Macken, and T. W. Loy. 2013. Effect of corn bran and steep inclusion in finishing diets on diet digestibility, cattle performance, and nutrient mass balance. J. Anim. Sci. 91:3847-3858. Schoonmaker, J. P., K. T. Korn, K. N. Condron, C. N. Shee, M. C. Claeys, T. D. Nennich, and R. P. Lemenager. 2013. Effect of decreasing dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and beef tenderness. J. Anim. Sci. 91:5762- Schoonmaker, J. P., M. C. Claeys, and R. P. Lemenager. 2013. Effect of increasing distillers grains inclusion on performance and carcass characteristics of early-weaned steers. J. Anim. Sci. 91:1784-1790. Schroeder, A.R., M. Iakiviak, and T.L. Felix. 2014. Effects of feeding dry or modified wet distillers grains with solubles with or without supplemental calcium oxide on ruminal metabolism and microbial enzymatic activity of beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. (Submitted) Schroeder, A.R., M.J. Duckworth, D.W. Shike, J.P. Schoonmaker, and T.L. Felix. 2014. Effects of calcium oxide treatment of dry and modified wet distillers grains plus solubles on growth performance and apparent digestibility of feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. (Submitted) Shinners, K. J., G. C. Boettcher, D. M. Schaefer and A. M. Troutman. 2013. Cattle preference for hay from round bales with different wrap types. Prof. Anim. Sci. 29:665-670. Smith, D.R., C.H. Ponce, N. Dilorenzo, M.J. Quinn, M.L. May, J.C. MacDonald, M.K. Luebbe, Spiehs, M.J., T. M. Brown-Brandl, D. B. Parker, D. N. Miller, J. P. Jaderborg, A. DiCostanzo, E. D. Berry, and J. E. Wells. 2013. Use of wood-based materials in beef bedded manure packs: 1. effect on ammonia, total reduced sulfide, and greenhouse gas concentrations. J. Environ. Qual. doi:10.2134/jeq2013.05.0164. Spiehs, M.J., T. M. Brown-Brandl, E. D. Berry, J. E. Wells, D. B. Parker, D. N. Miller, J. P. Jaderborg, and A. DiCostanzo 2013. Use of wood-based materials in beef bedded manure packs: 2. Effect on odorous volatile organic compounds, odor activity value, Escherichia coli, and nutrient concentrations. J. Environ. Qual. doi:10.2134/jeq2013.05.0165. Swanson, K. C., A. Islas, Z. E. Carlson, R. S. Goulart, T. C. Gilbery, and M. L. Bauer. 2014. Influence of dry-rolled corn processing and increasing dried corn distillers grains plus solubles inclusion for finishing cattle on growth performance and feeding behavior. J. Anim. Sci. doi :10.25 27/jas.2013-75 47. Watson, A. K., B. L. Nuttelman, T. J. Klopfenstein, L. W. Lomas, and G. E. Erickson. 2013. Impacts of a limit feeding procedure on variation and accuracy of cattle weights. J. Anim. Sci. 91:5507-5517 Proceedings and Technical Reports Doscher, F. E., E. A. Nere, R. D. Yunosova, L. E. Camacho, C. O. Lemley, L. D. Prezotto, K. A. Vonnahme, J. S. Caton, and K. C. Swanson. 2013. Effects of realimentation after nutrient restriction during early to mid-gestation on pancreatic digestive enzymes in beef cattle. In: J. W. Oltjen, E. Kebreab, and H. Lapierre (Eds.) Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition in sustainable animal production. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. EAAP publication No. 134. Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands. pp 285-286. Felix, Tara L. 2013. Alternative Feedstuffs and Changing Co-products: Feedlot Cattle. Driftless Region Beef Conference. January 31, 2013. Felix, Tara L. 2013. New information on corn co-products: Implications for ration formulation. Mn Nutr. Conf. September 17, 2013. Luebbe, M.K. Colorado Nutrition Roundtable, American Registry of Professional Animal Luebbe, M.K. Nebraska Beef Feedlot Roundtable, Bridgeport NE, Lexington NE, West Point Luebbe, M.K. Husker Beef Nutrition Conference, Mead NE. “Sorghum vs corn distillers grains” (November 2013). NE. “UNL Feedlot Research Update”. (February 2013). Prezotto, L. D., L. E. Camacho, C. O. Lemley, F. E. Doscher, J. S. Caton, K. A. Vonnahme, and K. C. Swanson. 2013. Effects of nutrient restriction in beef cows during early and midgestation on maternal and fetal liver and small intestinal mass and in vitro oxygen consumption. In: J. W. Oltjen, E. Kebreab, and H. Lapierre (Eds.) Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition in sustainable animal production. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. EAAP publication No. 134. Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands. pp 463-464. Pritchard, R.H. 2013. A performance and cost of production comparison for three types of feedlot facilities. In Proc. of the Beef Facilities Conference. 21 November 2013, Sioux Falls, SD. Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, Ames, IA. pages 27-29. Schaefer, M., K. Albrecht, and D. Schaefer. 2013. Animal performance while grazing tall or meadow fescue with or without white clover. Midw. Forage Assn. Forage Focus, May 2013. p. 18. Schoonmaker, J. P. 2013. Effect of maternal nutrition on calf health and growth. Proceedings of the 2013 Tri-State Dairy Nutrition Conference. Fort Wayne, IN. April 23-24. Pages 63-80. Available: http://tristatedairy.osu.edu/Proceedings%202013/Jon%20Schoonmaker.pdf Schoonmaker, J. P. 2013. Effects of lifetime nutrition on beef quality. Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium of Beef Cattle Production. Lavras, MG, Brazil. Pages 155-179. Scientists, Fort Collins, CO, "Feedling De-Oiled Distillers Grains to Cattle" (September 2013). Abstracts A.R. Taylor, D.A. Mohrhauser, K.R. Underwood, R.H. Pritchard, A.E. Wertz-Lutz, and A.D. Weaver. 2013. The influence of maternal energy restriction during mid-gestation on beef offspring growth performance and carcass characteristics. Reciprocal Meats Conference. 2013 Poster Presentation. Aluthge, N. D., Y. A. Wanniarachchi, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, B. L. Nuttelman, C. J. Schneider, and S. C. Fernando. 2013. The effect of commensal microbial communities on the fecal shedding of Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl.2):78 (Abstr.) Anderson, C., M. Jolly, G. Erickson, T. Klopfenstein, and S. Fernando. 2013. Effects of dietary change on viral-bacterial interactions in the rumen of cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):57 (Abstr.) Anderson, V. L., and C. L. Engel. 2013. Evaluation of field pea forages in growing and finishing feedlot rations. J. Anim. Sci. 96:132 (Suppl. 1.) Abstract. Bittner, C. J., B. L. Nuttelman, C. J. Schneider, D. B. Burken, L. Johnson, T. L. Mader, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2013. Effects of increasing soybean hulls in finishing diets with distillers grains on performance and carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):54 (Abstr.) Bittner, C. J., G. E. Erickson, K. H. Jenkins, M. K. Luebbe, and T. Wistuba. 2013. Including NEXT ENHANCE essential oils in finishing diets on performance with or without monensin and tylosin. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):81 (Abstr.) Bohrer, B.M., B.M. Edenburn, S.C. Loerch, D.D. Boler, A.C. Dilger, and T.L. Felix. 2014. Effect of feeding ractopamine hydrochloride (Optaflexx) with or without supplemental zinc and chromium propionate on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and LM quality of finishing steers. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 92(E-Suppl. 2): 33. Burken, D. B., B. L. Nuttelman, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2013. Impact of replacing corn with corn silage in diets containing distillers grains on feedlot performance. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):14 (Abstr.) Carlson, Z. E., A. Islas, R. S. Goulart, T. Gilbery, M. L. Bauer, and K. C. Swanson. 2013. Effect of corn processing and distiller’s grains inclusion on intake, rumination, and resting time of finishing steers fed a high-concentrate diet. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):136-137. Carlson, Z. E., T. C. Gilbery, A. Islas, M. L. Bauer, and K. C. Swanson. 2014. Influence of forage source on growth performance and feeding behavior in finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 92(Suppl. 2):175. Chapple, W.P., D.B. Faulkner, M.J. Cecava, P.H. Doane, A.H. Grusby, and T.L. Felix. 2013. Effects of feeding treated corn stover and distillers grains to beef cattle on performance, carcass traits, digestibility, and ruminal metabolism. Joint Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 91(E-Suppl. 2): 692. Doscher, F. E., L. D. Prezotto, S. I. Paisley, A. M. Meyer, and K. C. Swanson. 2013. Pancreatic enzyme activity in high and low efficiency steers. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):133. Drewnoski, M. E., and S. L. Hansen. 2013. Feeding ferric citrate to decrease risk of sulfur toxicity: effects on trace mineral absorption and trace mineral status of steers. J. Anim. Sci.91(E-Suppl. 2) Abst. 36. Drewnoski, M. E., S. J. Morine*, and S. L. Hansen. 2013. Inclusion of ferric ammonium citrate to safely increase inclusion of distillers grains in cattle diets. J. Anim. Sci. 91(E-Suppl. 2) Abst.35. Duckworth, M.J., A.R. Schroeder, D.B. Faulkner, D.W. Shike, and T.L. Felix. 2013. Effects of feeding CaO treated WDGS or treated corn stover to cattle on performance, carcass characteristics, and ruminal metabolism. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 91 (E-Suppl. 2): 11-12. Engel, C. L., V. L. Anderson and B. R. Ilse. 2013. Finishing beef cattle on totally mixed and self-fed rations. J. Anim. Sci. 96:128: (Suppl. 1.) Abstract. Erickson, G. E., T. J. Klopfenstein, J. C. MacDonald, A. L. Shreck, J. M. Johnson, B. L. Nuttelman, C. J. Schneider, and D. B. Burken. 2013. Maximizing forage resources in feedlot Fry, R. S., J. W. Spears, M. S. Ashwell, and S. L. Hansen. 2013. Invited: Exploring cellular trace mineral metabolism in bovine and porcine tissues. J. Anim. Sci. 91 (Suppl. 2) Abst. 271. Genther, O. N., and S. L. Hansen. 2013. Effect of a supplemental zinc complex on beef cattle performance and plasma and liver trace mineral concentrations. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2) Abst. 40 Genther, O. N., and S. L. Hansen. 2013. The effect of trace mineral source and concentration on ruminal digestion and mineral solubility. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 1) Abst. O246 Gillespie, K., T. Klopfenstein, B. Nuttelman, C. Schneider, and G. Erickson. 2013. Effect of winter supplementation level on yearling system profitability. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):10 (Abstr.) Gillespie, K., T. Klopfenstein, B. Nuttelman, J. Volesky, G. Erickson, and C. Schneider. 2013. Distillers grains supplementation in a forage system with spayed heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):53 (Abstr.) Gillespie, K., T. Klopfenstein, J. Volesky, L. Stalker, J. Musgrave, B. Nuttelman, C. Schneider, and G. Erickson. 2013. Replacement of grazed forage and animal performance when distillers grains are fed in a bunk or on the ground. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):52 (Abstr.) Hansen, S. L. 2013. Invited: Best practices and benefits of involving students in animal sciences research - early career faculty perspective. J. Anim. Sci. 91 (Suppl. 1) Abst. O111. Harris, M. E., G. E. Erickson, K. H. Jenkins, and M. K. Luebbe. 2013. Comparing condensed distillers solubles concentration in steam-flaked corn finishing diets on cattle performance and carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):54 (Abstr.) Hilscher, F., B. Nuttelman, D. Burken, G. Erickson, and K. Vander Pol. 2013. Effects of a terminal sorting system with Zilpaterol hydrochloride on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of yearling steers. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):56 (Abstr.) Islas, A., R. S. Goulart, T. C. Gilbery, M. L. Bauer, and K. C. Swanson. 2013. Influence of increasing supplementation of corn dried distiller’s grains with solubles to growing steers fed medium-quality hay on growth performance, feeding behavior, and blood metabolites. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2): 133-134. Islas, A., T. C. Gilbery, M. L. Bauer, and K. Swanson. 2013. Influence of corn processing and distiller’s grains inclusion for finishing cattle on feeding behavior, gain efficiency, and carcass quality. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):51. Jimenez Poveda, S.C., J. Stewart, C.L. Shipley, V.L. Jarrell, E. Navis, F.A. Ireland, T.L. Felix, and D.W. Shike. 2013. Effects of pyrethroid and pyrethrin insecticides on beef bull reproductive parameters. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 92(E-Suppl. 2): 169. Jolly, M. L., B. L. Nuttelman, D. B. Burken, C. J. Scheider, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2013. Effects of modified distillers grains plus solubles and condensed distillers solubles with and without oil extraction on finishing performance. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):12 (Abstr.) Jolly, M. L., B. L. Nuttelman, D. B. Burken, C. J. Schneider, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2013. Effect of feeding increasing levels of wet distillers grains plus solubles with and without oil extraction on finishing performance. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):51 (Abstr.) Jolly, M. L., C. J. Schneider, D. B. Burken, B. L. Nuttelman, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2013. Effects of feeding condensed distillers solubles with and without oil extraction on growing cattle performance. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):52 (Abstr.) Lehman, B., A.R. Green, T.L. Felix, B.C. Ramirez, L.F. Rodriguez, and D.W. Shike. 2013. Effects of diet on intake and methane emissions of beef steers. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 92(E-Suppl. 2): 169. Long, C.J., and T.L. Felix. 2014. Effects of dietary glycerin on rumen metabolism of beef cattle fed 50% dried distillers grains with solubles. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 92(E-Suppl. 2): 168. Long, C.J., T.L. Felix, and S.C. Loerch. 2013. Effects of dietary sulfur source on hydrogen sulfide gas concentrations in feedlot lambs. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 91 (E-Suppl. 2): 5. Long, Chloe, and Tara Felix. 2014. Effects of dietary glycerin on rumen metabolism of beef cattle fed 50% dried distillers grains with solubles. Undergraduate Research Symposium. The Ohio State University. MacDonald, J. C., C. J. Schneider, K. M. Rolfe, G. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2013. Changes in steer performance throughout the feeding period. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):57 (Abstr.) Maxwell, C.L., B.K. Wilson, B.T. Johnson, B.C. Bernhard, C.F. O'Neill, K.J. Winn, K.R. McCullough, T.A. Harlan, M.M. Kinna, B.D. Bloomberg, D.L. VanOverbeke, C.J. Richards, D.L. Step, E.A. DeVuyst, C.R. Krehbiel. 2013. Effects of conventional and natural production programs on winter annual pasture and feedlot performance. J. Anim. Sci. 91(E-Suppl. 2):418. Maxwell, C.L., B.K. Wilson, B.T. Johnson, B.C. Bernhard, C.F. O'Neill, K.J. Winn, K.R. McCullough, T.A. Harlan, M.M. Kinna, B.D. Bloomberg, D.L. VanOverbeke, C.J. Richards, D.L. Step, E.A. DeVuyst, C.R. Krehbiel. 2013. Effects of conventional and natural production programs on carcass characteristics and retail meat attributes. J. Anim. Sci. 91(E-Suppl. 2):418. Maxwell, CL., B.K. Wilson, B.T. Johnson, B.C. Bernhard, D.L. VanOverbeke, D.L. Step, and C.J. Richards, and C.R. Krehbiel. 2013. Advantages of technology enhanced beef production systems. Plains Nutr. Council Spring Conf. Publ. p. 138. Texas A&M Research and Extension Center, Amarillo. McCutcheon, J, Fluharty, F., and Cardinia, J. "Integrating livestock into an organic cropping system: A preliminary report." [Abstract]. Proceedings and Abstracts, 2013 Annual Meeting, American Forage & Grasslands Council Annual Meeting. Berea: American Forage & Grassland Council Montanholi, Y., K. Colliver, M. Lim, B. Smith, A. Fontoura, F. Schenkel, K. Swanson, and S. Miller. 2013. Assessments of fluctuations in heat, CO2, CH4 and infrared imaging in beef heifers with known feed efficiency. Proceedings of the XI World Congress on Animal Production, Beijing, China Navis, E., A. Green, C.L. Shipley, J. Stewart, S.C. Jimenez, F.A. Ireland, D.W. Shike, and T.L. Felix. 2014. Effects of repeated electroejaculation on bull behavior and serum cortisol concentrations. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 92(E-Suppl. 2): 119. Nunez, A. J. C., T. L. Felix, S. C. Loerch, R. P. Lemenager, and J. P. Schoonmaker. 2013. Effect of calcium oxide inclusion in beef feedlot diets containing 60% dried distillers grains with solubles on performance and carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):53. Nunez, A. J. C., T. L. Felix, S. C. Loerch, R. P. Lemenager, and J. P. Schoonmaker. 2013. Effect of calcium oxide inclusion in beef feedlot diets containing 60% dried distillers grains with solubles on rumen pH, volatile fatty acids, and nutrient digestibility. J. Anim. Sci. Nuñez, A. J. C., V. V. Almeida, J. P. Schoonmaker, F. Pinese, I. E. Borges, F. T. Mercado, E. M. Ferreira, A. V. Pires, P. R. Leme, J. C. M. Nogueira Filho. 2013. Concentrate level and combined use of ionophore and virginiamycin on ruminal fermentation and blood Nuñez, A. J. C., V. V. Almeida, J. P. Schoonmaker, I. E. Borges, F. Pinese, F. T. Mercado, E. M. Ferreira, A.V. Pires, P. R. Leme, J. C. M. Nogueira Filho. 2013. Effects of salinomycin and virginiamycin supplementation on ruminal fermentation and blood characteristics of Nellore steers fed a high concentrate diet. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):503. Nunez, A.J. C., T.L. Felix, S.C. Loerch, R.P. Lemenager, and J.P. Schoonmaker. 2013. Effects of calcium oxide inclusion in beef feedlot diets containing 60% dried distillers grains with soluble on performance and carcass characteristics. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 91 (E-Suppl. 2): 53. Nunez, A.J. C., T.L. Felix, S.C. Loerch, R.P. Lemenager, and J.P. Schoonmaker. 2013. Effects of calcium oxide inclusion in beef feedlot diets containing 60% dried distillers grains with soluble on rumen pH, volatile fatty acids, and nutrient digestibility. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 91 (E-Suppl. 2): 55. Peterson, S. J., B. L. Nuttelman, D. B. Burken, J. C. MacDonald, M. K. Luebbe, and G. E. Erickson. 2013. Use of a pelleted corn residue complete feed for receiving feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 91 (E Suppl. 2):691 (Abstr.) Pogge, D. J., S. M. Lonergan, S. L. Hansen. 2013. Effect of varying doses of vitamin C growth and carcass characteristics of cattle consuming a high sulfur diet. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 1) Abst. O149. Pogge, D. J., S. M. Lonergan, S. L. Hansen. 2013. Influence of supplementing vitamin C to cattle fed a high sulfur diet late in the finishing period on meat color and tenderness. J. Anim. Sci. 91(E. suppl. 2) Abst. 39. Prezotto, L., F. E. Doscher, S. I. Paisley, K. C. Swanson, A. M. Meyer. 2013. Comparison of liver and jejunal mass and energy use between high and low efficiency steers. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):130. Prezotto, L., T. C. Gilbery, A. Islas, M. L. Bauer, and K. C. Swanson. 2014. Influence of feed restriction and feeding time to growing calves on growth performance and feeding behavior. J. Anim. Sci. 92(Suppl. 2):167-168. Reitz, N., E. Sacks, and T.L. Felix. 2014. Determination of forage quality and post cutting recovery of miscanthus at different cutting times. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 92(E-Suppl. 2): 171. Russell, J. R., E. L. Lundy, N. O. Minton, W. J. Sexten, M. S. Kerley and S. L. Hansen. 2013. Growth and carcass characteristics of feed efficiency sorted cattle fed corn or roughage-based diets and finished with corn or byproduct-based diets J. Anim. Sci. 91(E-Suppl. 2) Abst. 737. Schaefer, M. R., K.A. Albrecht and D.M. Schaefer. 2013. Stocker steer performance on tall fescue or meadow fescue alone or in binary mixture with white clover. J. Anim. Sci. 91 (E-Suppl 2):92 Schneider, C. J., B. L. Nuttelman, D. B. Burken, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, and R. A. Stock. 2013. Effects of abruptly transitioning cattle from RAMP to a finishing diet on feedlot performance and carcass traits. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):54 (Abstr.) Schneider, C. J., M. K. Luebbe, K. H. Jenkins, S. A. Furman, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2013. Effects of monensin level during grain adaptation on animal performance and carcass traits. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):79 (Abstr.) Schoonmaker, J. P., M. Engstrom, K. N. Condron, C. N. Shee, and R. P. Lemenager. 2013. Effect of supplementing gestating and lactating beef cows with supranutritional concentrations of vitamin D on cow production and pre-weaning growth of the calf. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):140. Schroeder, A.R., M. Iakiviak, I.K.O. Cann, and T.L. Felix. 2014. Effects of feeding dry or modified wet distillers grains with solubles with or without supplemental calcium oxide on ruminal metabolism and microbial enzymatic activity of beef cattle. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 92(E-Suppl. 2): 91. Schroeder, A.R., M.J. Duckworth, D.W. Shike, J.P. Schoonmaker, and T.L. Felix. 2014. Effects of calcium oxide treamternt of dry and modified wet distillers grains plus solubles on economics, feed intake pattern, and growth and carcass performance of feedlot steers. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 92(E-Suppl. 2): 28. Segers, J.S., T.L. Felix, and D.W. Shike. 2013. Effects of energy source and dietary fat concentration from corn coproducts, during the growing phase, on beef cattle performance, carcass traits, digestibility, and ruminal metabolism. Joint Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 91(E-Suppl. 2): 683. Semler, M., C. Calkins, L. Senaratne-Lenagala, K. Varnold, and G. Erickson. 2013. Vein steak differences in strip loins of heifers due to the inactive myostatin allele. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):96 (Abstr.) Shee, C. N., R. P. Lemenager, M. C. Claeys, and J. P. Schoonmaker. 2013. Dietary inclusion of condensed distillers solubles in gestating and lactating beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):132. Shee, C. N., R. P. Lemenager, M. C. Claeys, and J. P. Schoonmaker. 2013. Effect of feeding distillers dried grains with solubles during lactation on milk fatty acid composition. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):129. Shee, C. N., R. P. Lemenager, M. C. Claeys, and J. P. Schoonmaker. 2013. Effect of feeding distillers grains with solubles during lactation on feedlot performance and carcass Varnold, K., C. Calkins, B. Nuttelman, L. Seneratne-Lenagala, J. Stevenson, M. Semler, M. Chao, and G. Erickson. 2013. Background grazing, supplementation, finishing diet, and aging affect biochemical constituents of beef bottom round steaks. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):96 (Abstr.) Varnold, K., C. Calkins, R. Miller, and G. Erickson. 2013. Background grazing, supplementation, finishing diet and aging affect flavor in beef bottom round steaks. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):101 (Abstr.) Warner, J. M., A. J. Doerr, C. J. Schneider, G. E. Erickson, R. J. Rasby, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2013. Supplementing modified distillers grains plus solubles mixed with low quality forage to replace grazed intake of cow-calf pairs. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):50 (Abstr.) Warner, J. M., C. J. Schneider, R. J. Rasby, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2013. Applying corn condensed distillers solubles to hay windrows prior to baling: II. Effects on growing steer performance. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):81 (Abstr.) Warner, J. M., G. E. Erickson, and R. J. Rasby. 2013. Applying corn condensed distillers solubles to hay windrows prior to baling: I. Procedure, and effects on bale temperature and nutrient composition. J. Anim. Sci. 91(Suppl. 2):81 (Abstr.) Wellnitz, K., J. Magolski, K. Carlin, V. Anderson and E. Berg. 2013. Lactate concentrations at exsanguination is related to feedlot heifer temperament but not fresh beef color. J. Anim. Sci. 96:99: (Suppl. 1.) Abstract. Welnitz, K. R. An N. Lepper-Blilie, V. L. Anderson, B. R. Ilse, and E. P. Berg. 2013. Effects of feeding field peas to bison on animal performance and meat quality characteristics. Reciprocal Meats Conference. AMSA 2013-1101. Wilson, B.K., C.L. Maxwell, D.L. Step, C.J. Richards, and C.R. Krehbiel. 2013. Evaluation of multiple ancillary therapies utilized in combination with an antimicrobial in newly received, high-risk calves treated for bovine respiratory disease. Plains Nutr. Council Spring Conf. Publ. p. 147. Texas A&M Research and Extension Center, Amarillo. Wilson, B.K., C.L. Maxwell, D.L. Step, C.J. Richards, C.R. Krehbiel. 2013. Evaluation of multiple ancillary therapies utilized in combination with an antimicrobial in newly received high-risk calves treated for bovine respiratory disease. J. Anim. Sci. 91(E-Suppl. 2):186. Experiment Station Reports Aluthge, N. D., Y. A. Wanniarachchi, B. L. Nuttelman, C. J. Schneider, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, and S. C. Fernando. 2014. Differences in fecal bacterial community composition between beef steers which are high-shedders and low-shedders of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:101-102 Anderson, C. L., M. L. Jolly, A. L. Shreck, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and S. C. Fernando. 2014. Effects of dietary change on viral-bacterial interactions in the rumen of cattle. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:99-100 Anderson, V L., C.L. Engel, and B. R. Ilse. 2-13. Distiller grains support equal steer performance in finishing diets with reciprocal levels of corn and barley. 2013 North Dakota Beef Report. pp 26-29. Anderson, V. L., B.R. Ilse, and C. L. Engel. 2013. Corn stover and distillers grains for lactating drylot beef cows. North Dakota Beef Report. pp 4-6. Anderson, V. L., B.R. Ilse, and C.L. Engel. 2013. Drylot vs. pasture beef cow/calf production: Three year progress report. 2013 North Dakota Beef Report. pp 13-16. Anderson, V. L., C. L. Engel, and R. Dvorak.. 2013. An evaluation of Cellulo-Gest™ supplement to enhance forage digestibility and improve performance of growing calves. 2013 North Dakota Beef Report. pp 17-19. Bittner, C. J., G. E. Erickson, K. H. Jenkins, M. K. Luebbe, and T. J. Wistuba. 2014. Effects of feeding Next Enhance in finishing diets on performance and carcass characteristics. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:90-91 Bremer, M. L., A. K. Watson, D. B. Burken, J. C. MacDonald, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. Energy value of de-oiled modified distillers grains plus solubles in a forage-based diet. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:32-33 Buntyn, J. O., B. D. Cleveland, A. L. Redfield, J. C. MacDonald, G. E. Erickson, T. F. Jones, T. B. Schmidt, and G. A. Sullivan. 2014. Effect of feeding different types of byproducts and concentrations throughout a beef growing system on ground beef color and lipid oxidation. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:105-106 Burken, D. B., B. L. Nuttelman, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. Feeding elevated levels of corn silage and MDGS in finishing diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:88-89 Cleveland, B. D., J. O. Buntyn, A. L. Redfield, J. C. MacDonald, G. E. Erickson, T. F. Jones, T. B. Schmidt, and G. A. Sullivan. 2014. Effect of natural antioxidant concentration on lipid oxidation of ready-to-eat ground beef links from cattle fed distillers grains in different phases of production. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:109-110 Cleveland, B. D., J. O. Buntyn, A. L. Redfield, J. C. MacDonald, G. E. Erickson, T. F. Jones, T. B. Schmidt, and G. A. Sullivan. 2014. Lipid oxidation in cooked ground beef links from cattle fed distillers grains in different phases of production. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:107-108 Cooper, R., B. Dicke, D. J. Jordon, T. Scott, C. Macken, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. Impact of feeding alkaline-treated corn stover at elevated amounts in commercial feedlot cattle. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:69-71 crops as a grazing option for beef cattle. Nebraska Beef Report pp. 56-58. Dahlke, Garland and Dan Loy. 2013. Estimating Beef Cow Maintenance Efficiency with a Domenech, K. I., K. A. Varnold, M. E. Semler, M. D. Chao, T. F. Jones, G. E. Erickson, and C. R. Calkins. 2014. Effect of feeding de-oiled wet distillers grains plus solubles on beef fatty acid profiles. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:116-118 Domenech, K. I., K. A. Varnold, M. E. Semler, M. D. Chao, T. F. Jones, G. E. Erickson, and C. R. Calkins. 2014. Effect of feeding de-oiled wet distillers grains plus solubles on beef oxidation and tenderness. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:114-115 Doscher, F. E., L. D. Prezotto, S. I. Paisley, A. M. Meyer, and K. C. Swanson. 2013. Pancreatic enzyme activity in high- vs. low-efficiency steers. North Dakota Beef Report. pp 32-33. Engel, C. L., V. L. Anderson and B. R. Ilse. 2013. Management strategies for summer-fed growing cattle: Effects of dietary protein levels and the use of bedding to alleviate heat stress on animal performance. 2013 North Dakota Beef Report. pp 20-22. Engel, C. L., V. L. Anderson and B. R. Ilse. 2013. Management strategies for summer-finished cattle: Effects of dietary protein levels and the use of bedding to alleviate heat stress on animal performance. 2013 North Dakota Beef Report. pp 34-37. Engel, C.L., B.R. Ilse, and V.L. Anderson 2013. Finishing beef cattle on totally mixed and self-fed rations. 2013 North Dakota Beef Report. pp 41-44. Fasting Protocol. Iowa State Univ. Anim. Industry Rep. ASL-R2769 R. Rust, Paul Bartlett, Dan Grooms, and Shannon Manning. 2012. Variation in microbiota diversity between beef and dairy cattle. Proc. of ASM. Genther, O., and S. Hansen. 2013. The Effect of Trace Mineral Source and Concentration on Gillespie, K. L., T. J. Klopfenstein, J. C. MacDonald, B. L. Nuttelman, C. J. Schneider, G. Erickson and J. D. Volesky. 2014. Economics of distillers grains supplementation in a forage system with spayed heifers. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:43-45 Gillespie, K. L., T. J. Klopfenstein, J. C. MacDonald, B. L. Nuttelman, C. J. Schneider, J. Volesky, and G. Erickson. 2014. Distillers grains supplementation in a forage system with spayed heifers. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:39-42 Harding, J. L., G. E. Erickson, and J. C. MacDonald. 2014. Using Enspira to improve fiber digestion. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:59-61 Harris, M. E., G. E. Erickson, K. H. Jenkins, and M. K. Luebbe. 2014. Evaluating corn condensed distillers solubles concentration in steam-flaked corn finishing diets on cattle performance and carcass characteristics. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:86-87 Hilscher, F. H., D. B. Burken, B. L. Nuttelman, G. E. Erickson, K. Hanford, K. J. Vander Pol, and J. P. Hutcheson. 2014. Effects of a terminal sorting system with zilpaterol hydrochloride on feedlot steers. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:83-85 Jolly, M. L., B. L. Nuttelman, D. Burken, C. J. Schneider, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. Effects of increasing inclusion of wet distillers grains plus solubles with and without oil extraction on finishing performance. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:81-82 Jones, M., J. C. MacDonald, G. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and A. K. Watson. 2014. Effect of distillers grains supplementation on calves grazing irrigated or non-irrigated corn residue. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:48-49 MacDonald, J. C., C. J. Schneider, K. M. Rolfe, S. D. Kachman, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. Optimal marketing date of steers depends on marketing strategy. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:92-96 Mineral Solubility in the Rumen and Diet Digestibility. Iowa State Animal Industry Report. Negative Effect of High Sulfur on Meat Quality. Iowa State Animal Industry Report. Pesta, A. C., A. K. Watson, S. Fernando, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. Effects of forage quality, MDGS, and monensin on performance, methane concentration, and ruminal fermentation of growing cattle. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:29-31 Peterson, S. J., B. L. Nuttelman, C. J. Schneider, D. B. Burken, J. C. MacDonald, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. Optimum inclusion of alkaline-treated cornstalks and distillers grains fed to calf-fed steers. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:72-74 Peterson, S. J., B. L. Nuttelman, D. B. Burken, J. C. MacDonald, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. Use of treated corn residues in growing diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:62-63 Peterson, S. J., B. L. Nuttelman, D. B. Burken, J. C. MacDonald, M. K. Luebbe, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. Use of a pelleted corn residue complete feed in receiving diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:64-66 Pogge, D., S. Lonergan, and S. Hansen. 2013. Supplemental Vitamin C Alleviates the Prezotto, L. D., T. C. Gilbery, M. L. Bauer, A. Islas, and K. C. Swanson. 2013. Influence of feed restriction and feeding time to growing calves on growth performance and feeding behavior. North Dakota Beef Report. pp 29-31. Rahman, S., M.S. Borhan, C L. Engel and V. L. Anderson. 2013. Effects of pen bedding and feeding high-crude protein diets on manure composition and feedlot pen surface temperature. 2013 North Dakota Beef Report. pp 13-16. Schneider, C. J., A. L. Shreck, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. Transitioning cattle from RAMP to a finishing diet on feed intake and ruminal pH. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:75-77 Schneider, C. J., B. L. Nuttelman, D. B. Burken, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. Transitioning cattle from RAMP to a finishing diet on feedlot performance and feed intake variance. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:78-80 Semler, M. E., C. R. Calkins, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. Nutrient and tenderness differences of beef from heifers due to mutation of the myostatin gene. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:119-120 Semler, M. E., C. R. Calkins, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. Vein steak differences in strip loins of heifers due to mutation of the myostatin gene. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:121-122 Shreck, A. L., B. L. Nuttelman, C. J. Schneider, D. B. Burken, C. N. Macken, W. A. Griffin, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2014. Alkaline treated wheat straw or corn stover fed to growing calves. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:67-68 Sorenson, K.S., V. L. Anderson, K. R. Maddock-Carlin, C L. Engel, C.S. Schauer, K. Olsen and R. J. Maddock. 2013. Effects of dietary forage concentration in finishing diets on growth and carcass characteristics of steers. 2013 North Dakota Beef Report. pp 51-54. Sudbeck, K. M., K. A. Varnold, J. C. MacDonald, C. R. Calkins, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. Effects of feeding distillers grains in a yearling beef system on meat quality. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:111-113 Swanson, K. C., A. Islas, Z. E. Carlson, R. S. Goulart, T. C. Gilbery, and M. L. Bauer. 2013. Influence of dry-rolled corn processing and increasing dried corn distillers grains plus solubles inclusion for finishing cattle on growth performance and feeding behavior. North Dakota Beef Report. pp 55-58. Titlow, A.H., J.A. Hansen, M.K. Luebbe, T.J. Klopfenstein, K.H. Jenkins. 2014. Dryland cover Varnold, K. A., C. R. Calkins, B. L. Nuttelman, L. S. Senaratne-Lenagala, J. J. Stevenson, M. E. Semler, M. D. Chao, T. F. Jones, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. The effects of diet on the biochemical constituents of beef. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:129-132 Varnold, K. A., C. R. Calkins, B. L. Nuttelman, L. S. Senaratne-Lenagala, T. F. Jones, T. P. Carr, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. Grass type, grazing supplementation, and finishing diets affect beef fatty acids. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:126-128 Varnold, K. A., C. R. Calkins, R. K. Miller, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. The effects of diet and cooler aging on consumer panel scores for beef. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:133-135 Varnold, K. A., C. R. Calkins, R. K. Miller, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. The effects of diet and cooler aging on specific flavor notes in beef. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:123-125 Venegas, C., Mosci, R., Ouellete, L., Khare, A., Singh, P., Rust, S., Bartlett, P., Grooms, D., and Manning, S. 2011. Prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) genes by multiplex PCR in cattle and their environment, Michigan 2011. [Abstract] CRWAD. Warner, J. M., K. H. Jenkins, R. J. Rasby, M. K. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2014. Effects of calf age at weaning on cow and calf performance and efficiency in a drylot/confinement production system. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:27-28 Watson, A. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and M. J. Rincker. 2014. Effect of micro-aid supplementation on nitrogen losses from manure. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP99:97-98

Impact Statements

Committee members are from states representing over 85 percent of US feedlot capacity. Discoveries of this committee have been reported to and adopted by the commercial sector. Members are leaders in feedlot nutrition and management research and interact with the largest feedlot consulting firms (representing over 50% of US cattle on feed), feed manufacturing and processing companies, the largest corn-based ethanol refineries in the U.S., and directly with feedlot owners and managers.
Direction on supplementing protein fractions of cattle fed distillers grains and solubles was outlined while progress towards understanding energy value of oil-extracted distillers grains with solubles was made.
Emerging technologies such as the use of novel additives, gene expression and essential oils demonstrated promise to reduce nitrogen volatility, predict impact on beef quality, and feed efficiency, respectively.
In the past 5 years, the US cow herd has shrunk by more than 10% to a 50 year low of 29 million cows. Yet beef production has increased during this time from 12 million tons to 13 million tons due in large part to growth and efficiency enhancing technologies discovered and/or evaluated by this committee. Discoveries by members of this committee have contributed to an abundance of affordable, safe, high quality, and sustainable beef supply.

Date of Annual Report: 01/10/2016

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 05/19/2015 - 05/21/2015
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2014 - 09/30/2015

Participants

Alfredo DiCostanzo, (dicos001@umn.edu) Univ. of Minnesota;
Stephanie Hansen, slhansen@iastate.edu Iowa State Univ.;
Tara Felix, tfelix@illinois.edu Univ. of Illinois;
Matt Luebbe, mluebbe2@unl.edu Univ. of Nebraska;
Galen Erickson, gerickson4@unl.edu Univ. of Nebraska;
Steve Rust, rust@msu.edu Michigan State Univ.;
Dan Schaefer, schaeferd@ansci.wisc.eduUniv. of Wisconsin;
Jon Schoonmaker, jschoonm@purdue.edu Purdue Univ.;
Kendall Swanson, kendall.swanson@ndsu.edu North Dakota State Univ.;
Jenny Jennings, Jenny.Jennings@ag.tamu.edu Texas A&M AgriLife Research;
John Wagner, john.wagner@colostate.edu Colorado State Univ.;

Brief Summary of Minutes

Meeting Minutes

Tuesday, May 19th- General gathering and introduction of new members and guests. Review committee meeting agenda and discuss priority areas. Wednesday, May 20th- Gary Hergert discussed the structure and function of the Panhandle Research and Extension Center. Current and proposed collaborative efforts were discussed to strengthen programs. Experiment Station Reports- Faculty from the 10 institutions that attended the meeting presented research focused on the challenges and opportunities in each state. There were several key areas identified and discussed that met one or more goals of the group. Tour the Panhandle Research Feedlot and Sioux County Range. Experiment Station Reports- Continuation from previous session. Thursday May 21st- Experiment Station Reports. Committee administration meeting and plans for 2016- The group decided to hold the meeting in Ames, IA at Iowa State University.

Guests:

Mitch Stephenson, mstephenson@unl.edu Univ. of Nebraska;

Ivan Rush, irush1@unl.edu Univ. of Nebraska;

Gary Hergert, ghergert1@unl.edu Univ. of Nebraska;

Karla Jenkins, kjenkins2@unl.edu Univ. of Nebraska;

Accomplishments

SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES  General:  Members of the NCCC308 continued to achieve goals that address nutrition and management issues related to performance, carcass value, and environmental sustainability of beef feedlot operations. This year, 11 committee members met to discuss novel approaches to integrate individual contributions into a cohesive report that is meaningful to our clientele. Our current report demonstrates the overall outcomes, outputs, activities, milestones and impacts as a group. In addition to committee member participation, our guests included faculty from the Panhandle Research and Extension Center. Our group was successful in meeting the overall goals to improve the sustainability of the beef feedlot industry.  Objective 1. Enhance the utilization of C from energy feeds to compete in an energy economy and improve national food security.  Ethanol plants are modifying their production to extract more oil, protein and fiber for use in other industries which changes the nutrient content and energy value. When ethanol and other biofuel byproducts are fed, the particle size or intensity of processing method may be adjusted to improve energy utilization. Corn stalks and other low quality residues are abundant and new processes or treatments can improve digestibility. Members from MN, NE, IA, CO, ND, MI and IA contributed to our understanding of diets or methods to improve energy utilization from feedstuffs.  Objective 2. To enhance the environmental sustainability of the feedlot industry through conservation and nutrient management.  Many of the requirements for mineral concentration determined by the National Research Council were established using feeding and management practices that do not reflect current industry standards. To better understand trace mineral requirements data were presented on the source and concentration in finishing diets and industry trace mineral strategies were compared with the National Research Council standards. Similarly, mineral composition of beef and Holstein carcasses were reported and compared to current prediction equations. Methane production from feedlot manure in anaerobic digesters can decrease gaseous losses from feedyards and provide an alternative source of energy. The amount of soil contamination in the manure appears to have an impact on the production of methane. Methane production, performance, and volatile fatty acid concentrations were measured in finishing diets using a novel approach. Endophyte-infected tall fescue can depress cattle growth due to ergot alkaloid-producing endophytes but novel endophyte-infected tall fescue can improve performance. The mechanism for differences in performance between fescue hybrids is unknown. Members from NE, CO, and IL presented research related to this objective. Objective 3. To enhance the production efficiency and quality of feedlot cattle through management strategies and technologies.  The impact of vitamin and mineral supplementation was evaluated by four universities (OH, IL, IA, ID) to determine the effects on toxin binding, fetal development and subsequent performance of progeny in the feedlot, antioxidant activity, oxidative stress, and source of trace mineral (organic vs inorganic). Five universities evaluated different management practices that use beta-agonists, implants, direct fed microbials, and essential oils (MN, NE, IL, WI, IN) to determine optimal management strategies when these products are used. Grain adaptation, forage concentration in finishing diets, genetic influences on feed efficiency, and slatted floors with rubber mats were also evaluated by members of the committee (ND, MI, IA).   Outputs  Committee members from 11 states made 55 presentations to stakeholders in state, regional, national or international meetings. The presentations included webinars, cattle producer meetings, and scientific meetings across the US. Findings associated with NCCC308 Objectives were presented. In 2014, members of the committee published 55 refereed journal articles, 20 papers in proceedings, 29 experiment station publications, and 55 abstracts on project objectives. In addition, committee members published 49 articles in trade publications and newsletters. These outputs were communicated to academia, beef producers, feed industries, pharmaceutical industries, and consulting nutritionists and veterinarians.  Activities  Objective 1. Enhance the utilization of C from energy feeds to compete in an energy economy and improve national food security.  The degree of processing dry-rolled corn and particle size influences finishing performance (Colorado State University), gas production, methane production, and digestibility (North Dakota State University). The University of Nebraska evaluated finishing performance when either steam-flaked corn or dry-rolled corn were fed with de-oiled or full oil distillers grains were fed. Additional byproduct research was conducted by Iowa State University to determine the use of novel distillers grains that had a portion of the fiber removed during cellulosic ethanol production and algae meal from the production of biodiesel. The University of Nebraska evaluated the optimum inclusion of de-oiled distillers grains, and the impact of replacing corn grain with corn silage when varying concentrations of wet distillers grains are fed. The University of Minnesota combined data in a meta-analysis to determine the optimal energy value of wet distillers grains concentration, effect of moisture content, and concentration of oil in the distillers grains. Crop residues were evaluated as either pelleted corn stover combined with distillers grains at the University of Nebraska. Residues were also evaluated using alkali treatment and moisture content in a collaborative experiment conducted by the University of Minnesota and University of Illinois. The type of supplement (meal vs. liquid) was evaluated in backgrounding diets at the University of Illinois. Objective 2. To enhance the environmental sustainability of the feedlot industry through conservation and nutrient management.  Trace mineral concentrations currently fed in commercial feedlots were compared with concentrations suggested by the National Research Council at Colorado State University. Colorado State University also compared the concentration and source of Zn, Cu, and Mg on finishing performance. The University of Nebraska determined the mineral composition of beef and Holstein carcasses using serial slaughter data. The University of Nebraska measured methane emissions, volatile fatty acid concentrations, and performance when fat sources were compared with and without monensin and also methane production from manure with different amounts of soil or ash contamination in anaerobic digesters.  Objective 3. To enhance the production efficiency and quality of feedlot cattle through management strategies and technologies.  Perdue University and the University of Illinois evaluated the impact of dam mineral supplementation on progeny performance in the feedlot. New technologies using novel feed ingredients such as direct fed microbials, interleukin-10, algae, clay minerals (saponite), or elevated mineral and vitamin concentrations were fed to determine the impact on performance, meat quality, animal health, temperament, feeding behavior, antioxidant capacity and digestibility in finishing diets by many of the committee members (WI, IN, NDSU, MN, NE, IA, OH). The University of Wisconsin and University of Nebraska evaluated multiple implant strategies for beef and Holstein fed steers. Iowa State University continued to evaluate feed efficiency ranking and the potential influence of nutrient digestibility on feed efficiency. Michigan State University compared slatted floors with floors covered with rubber on lameness, hide cleanliness, and performance.   Milestones  The committees milestones are a result from the interaction and collaboration that is generated at our annual meetings in four major areas: 1) determining effective uses of processing or alkali treatment of low quality residues in diets with distillers grains, 2) increasing our understanding of the effects of novel technology or management to improve performance, beef quality and animal welfare, 3) continuing to increase a database that allows us to predict the energy value of byproducts produced using different production methods at the ethanol plant, and 4) determining appropriate mineral concentrations to reduce the impact on the environment.  Because of the interaction at the committee meeting in 2014, the University of Minnesota and Illinois collaborated in a project to determine whether alkali-treatment (CaOH2) of corn stover or simply adding water to corn stover improved gains and feed efficiency of cattle during a backgrounding phase. There were no differences in feed efficiency when alkali treatments were fed but the authors reported an increase in average daily gain and intake when water alone was added. Perdue University reported that addition of calcium oxide at 1% of the diet enhances performance of cattle fed distillers grains. The University of Nebraska replaced corn with pelleted distillers grains and corn residue and were able to maintain performance in diets with 40% distillers grains. These results increase our understanding of treating low quality residues and the impact of altering ruminal pH when an alkali treatment is used with distillers grains.  Members of the committee continue to develop and test new approaches to improve performance, animal health, and carcass characteristics. Feeding antibodies, vitamins, minerals with beta agonists, essential oils, direct fed microbials, implants and clay minerals was reported by the University of Wisconsin, Iowa State University, University of Illinois, University of Nebraska, North Dakota State University, University of Wisconsin and Perdue University (respectively). These results suggest some products have an impact on economically important traits or metabolites.  Data reported by Iowa State University, the University of Minnesota, Perdue University, and the University of Nebraska increase our understanding of the energy value of byproducts that have oil removed, byproducts that undergo a secondary cellulosic ethanol fermentation, and algae byproducts from oil production as a feed ingredient. As the database for feeding de-oiled distillers grains continues to grow, we have determined that removing a portion of the corn oil reduces the energy content of the diet. The concentration of oil in the distillers, corn processing method, and inclusion level of distillers grains all have an impact on animal performance. Iowa State University reported on novel distillers grains that were fermented for cellulosic ethanol production and reported a decrease in energy value compared with traditional distillers grains. The Iowa State University also determined the use of algae as an energy source is feasible but reports from Perdue University suggest it may decrease shelf life of retail product. Colorado State University and North Dakota State University reported that in diets containing distillers grains particle size does not have an impact on performance or gas production (respectively).  Colorado State University and Ohio State University evaluated the source and concentration of trace minerals and compared concentrations fed in the industry with the National Research Council recommendations. These experiments did not demonstrate a difference in performance when the source or concentration was changed suggesting additional supplementation of certain minerals is not warranted. The University of Nebraska used samples from serial slaughter experiments to determine carcass mineral retention in beef and Holstein cattle. When mineral retention was expressed as g/100 g protein gain, the results suggested current NRC predictions are accurate.

Publications

Section B: Presentations   DiCostanzo, A. 2014. Use of Distillers Grains in Beef Cattle Diets—Current Situation and Future Direction. Minnesota Ag Expo. MN Corn Growers Association. January 8. Mankato, MN.   DiCostanzo, A. 2014. Managing herd profitability through alternative feeds. Minnesota Cow-Calf Days. February 11 to 21. 10 locations: Mora, Willmar, Pipestone, Rochester, Montgomery, Bagley, Staples, Lancaster, Warroad, Grand Rapids, MN.   DiCostanzo, A. 2014. Respiratory disease in the feedlot. Boehringer Ingelheim. February 26. Roseville, MN   DiCostanzo, A. 2014. The value of cattle manure to the grain farmer. Illinois Cattle Feeders Meeting. University of Illinois and Illinois Beef Association. March 5. Dixon, IL.   DiCostanzo, A. 2014. University of Minnesota research review.   Consultants Meeting. Purina Animal Nutrition. April 8. Cedar Falls, IA.   DiCostanzo, A. 2014. Science and solutions meeting. Consultant Meeting. Elanco Animal Health. June 25 and 26. Greenfield, IN.   DiCostanzo, A. 2014. Fertilizer value of manure and farm sustainability. Fertilizer Value of Manure Field Days. August 18 to 27. 6 locations: Farragut, IA, Albia, IA, Vermont, IL, Elkton, SD, Lamberton, MN, Rosemount, MN.   DiCostanzo, A. 2014. Using reduced fat distillers grains and solubles in beef and dairy cattle diets. Minnesota Nutrition Conference. University of Minnesota. September 19. Prior Lake, MN.   DiCostanzo, A. 2014. Key management issues, building design considerations & value of manure from confinement structures. Managing Beef Cattle in Confinement. University of Kentucky and Kentucky Beef Producers Network. November 24. Lexington, KY.   DiCostanzo, A. 2014. Best management practices in Minnesota cow-calf operations. Minnesota State Cattlemen’s Convention. December 6. Hinckley, MN.   DiCostanzo, A. 2014. Fertilizer price, manure value and farm sustainability. Iowa Cattle Industry Convention. Iowa Cattlemen’s Association. December 8. Des Moines, IA.   DiCostanzo, A. 2014. Reduced-oil distillers grains in feedlot diets. Minnesota Cattle Feeders Days. December 9 to 11. Morris, Luverne, Tracy and Rochester, MN.   Felix, T.L. 2014. Use of chemical treatments to increase the energetic value of fiber. September 1, 2014. Fiber Conference, Champaign, IL   Felix, T.L. 2014. Insulin Resistance in Beef Cattle. December 4, 2014. Alltech, Lexington, KY.   Felix, T.L. 2014. Programmed Nutrition. December 4, 2014. Alltech, Lexington, KY.   Felix, T.L. 2014. Receiving and Transitioning Rations for Beef Cattle. March 5, 2015. Illinois Cattle Feeder Meeting, Macomb, IL   Felix, T.L. 2014. Use of alternative feeds for beef cattle. March 19, 2015. XIX Curso: Novos Enfoques na Produção e Reprodução de Bovinos. Uberlandia, MG, Brazil   Felix, T.L. 2014. Transitioning beef cattle from forage to grain. March 19, 2015.XIX Curso: Novos Enfoques na Produção e Reprodução de Bovinos. Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.   Felix, T.L. 2014. Limit feeding strategies to optimize efficiency in beef cattle. March 20, 2015. XIX Curso: Novos Enfoques na Produção e Reprodução de Bovinos. Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.   Fluharty, F. L. 2014. U.S. Beef Industry. National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina– La Plata, Argentina (April 21-25, 2014).   Fluharty, F. L. 2014. Feeding for marbling and feed efficiency. National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina– La Plata, Argentina (April 21-25, 2014).   Fluharty, F. L. 2014. Grain Processing and Feedlot Diet Roughage Sources and Levels. National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina– La Plata, Argentina (April 21-25, 2014).   Fluharty, F. L. 2014. Improving Forage Digestibility. National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina– La Plata, Argentina (April 21-25, 2014).   Fluharty, F. L. 2014. Feeding Corn Coproducts. National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina– La Plata, Argentina (April 21-25, 2014).   Fluharty, F. L. 2014. Cow and Heifer Nutrition: The 4 Stages of Production and Colostrum Production Late Gestation Nutrition and Fetal Programming. National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina– La Plata, Argentina (April 21-25, 2014).   Fluharty, F. L. 2014. Feeder Calf Management: Weaning and Nutrition. National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina– La Plata, Argentina (April 21-25, 2014).   Fluharty, F. L. 2014. Feedlot Growing Systems to Enhance Lean Growth. National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina– La Plata, Argentina (April 21-25, 2014).   Fluharty, F. L. 2014. Feeding Strategies for Diets with High Levels of Corn, and Implications for Improved   Efficiency and Reduced Acidosis. Nutrefeed S.A. Beef Management Series: Buenos Aires, Argentina (November 21, 2014)   Fluharty, F. L. 2014. Late Gestation Nutrition’s Impact on Fetal Programming, Colostrum Production, and Calf Performance. Nutrefeed S.A. Beef Management Series: Buenos Aires, Argentina (November 21, 2014)   Fluharty, F. L. 2014. Rumen Function, Bunk Management, and Implications of Acidosis on Animal Performance. Ohio Penal Industries Fall Farm and Processing Plants Meeting. August 28, 2014. Lucas, OH.   Fluharty, F. L. 2014. Best Management Practices for Maximizing Cow Health and Calf Performance. United Producers, Inc. Fall Cattle Kick-off. September 13, 2014. Goreville, IL.   Hansen, S.L. 2014. Use of injectable minerals in ruminant production systems, South Africa.   Hansen, S. L. and O. N. Genther. 2014. The economic value of trace mineral supplementation to the farmer and veterinarian. Invited presentation. Proceedings of the South African Veterinary Association Livestock Health and Production Group, Kruger National Park, South Africa.   Hansen, S. L. and O. N. Genther. 2014. Interactions Between trace minerals and production practices in beef cattle. 15th International meeting on Trace Elements in Man and Animals. Orlando, Fl.   Jennings, J., and J. J. Wagner. 2014. “Alternative Feed Additives” - What options are available for feedlot production?. Plains Nutrition Council. San Antonio, Texas.   Kenney-Rambo, N. M. 2014. Health and nutritional strategies for incoming feedlot cattle. Driftless Region Beef Conference. January 31. Dubuque, IA.   Kenney-Rambo, N. M. 2014. Beef labeling: breaking down the meat case. University of Minnesota Beef U. January 10. St. Paul, MN.   Kenney-Rambo, N. M. 2014. Pre-weaning management for profitability. Minnesota Cow-Calf Days. February 11 to 21. 10 locations: Mora, Willmar, Pipestone, Rochester, Montgomery, Bagley, Staples, Lancaster, Warroad, Grand Rapids, MN.   Kenney-Rambo, N. M. 2014. Impact of facility design on manure nutrient concentration. Fertilizer Value of Manure Field Days. August 18 to 27. 6 locations: Farragut, IA, Albia, IA, Vermont, IL, Elkton, SD, Lamberton, MN, Rosemount, MN.   Kenney-Rambo, N. M. 2014. Mineral nutrition of feedlot cattle. Minnesota Nutrition Conference. University of Minnesota. September 19. Prior Lake, MN.   Kenney-Rambo, N. M. 2014. Integrated crop and cattle feeding systems: opportunities and challenges. West Central Cattlemen’s Annual Meeting. November 18. Morris, MN.   Kenney-Rambo, N. M. 2014. Impact of facility design on manure nutrient concentration. Iowa Cattle Industry Convention. Iowa Cattlemen’s Association. December 8. Des Moines, IA.   Kenney-Rambo, N. M. 2014. Mineral nutrition of feedlot cattle. Minnesota Cattle Feeders Days. December 9 to 11. Morris, Luverne, Tracy and Rochester, MN.   Loy, D.D. 2014. Cattle Lifecycle Overview. Iowa Culinary Institute, Ames, IA   Loy, D. D. 2014. Least-cost Feedlot Rations/Feeding Cattle Indoors. Illinois Feedlot Conference   Loy, D. D. 2014. How to Plan Investments in Finishing Cattle. International Conference of Cattle Feeders (INTERCONF2014), Goiania, Brazil   Rust, S. R. (Presenter & Author). 2014, January. What is defatted distiller's grain worth? An update. presented at Update on Feeding Strategies and Beef Quality Assurance, Grand Rapids, MI.   Rust, S. R. (Presenter & Author). 2014, January. Minimizing feed losses on my farm. presented at 2014 Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse, Plympton-Wyoming, Ontario, Canada.   Rust, S. R. (Presenter & Author). 2014, January. Minimizing feed losses on my farm. presented at 2014 Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse, Bowling Green, OH.   Rust, S. R. (Presenter & Author). 2014, January. Minimizing feed losses on my farm. presented at 2014 Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse, East Lansing, MI.   Rust, S. R. 2014, June. Nutrition, facilities, and management of dairy steers. Strategy for the activation of dairy beef industry, Chuncheon, South Korea.   Schoonmaker. J. 2014. Effects of maternal nutrition on calf health and growth. 32nd Western Canadian Dairy Seminar. Red Deer, AB, Canada. March 11-14, 2014.   Schoonmaker. J. 2014. Ruminant digestion. Purdue Animal Sciences Workshop for Youth. June, 2014.   Schoonmaker. J. 2014. Effects of maternal nutrition on calf health and growth. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Campus de Botucatu. Botucatu, SP, Brazil. September. 30, 2014.   Schoonmaker. J. 2014. Growth and Development. Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Department of Zootecnia. Lavras, MG, Brazil. October 6-10, 2014.   Section C: Publications   Abo-Ismail, M. K., G. Vander Voort, E. J. Squires, K. C. Swanson, I. B. Mandell, P. Stothard, S. Moore, G. Plastow, and S. P. Miller. 2014. Single nucleotide polymorphisms for feed efficiency and performance in crossbred beef cattle. BMC Genetics. 15:14.   Bjorklund, E.A., B.J. Heins, A. DiCostanzo, and H. Chester-Jones. 2014. Fatty acid profiles, meat quality, and sensory attributes of organic versus conventional dairy beef steers. J. Dairy Sci. 97:1828-1834.   Bjorklund, E.A., B.J. Heins, A. DiCostanzo, and H. Chester-Jones. 2014. Growth, carcass characteristics, and profitability of organic versus conventional dairy beef steers. J. Dairy Sci. 97:1817-1827.   Bohrer, B.M., B.M. Edenburn, D.D. Boler, A.C. Dilger, and T.L. Felix. 2014. Effect of feeding ractopamine hydrochloride (Optaflexx) with or without supplemental zinc and chromium propionate on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 92:3988-3996.   Condron, K. N., R. P. Lemenager, M. C. Claeys, T. Lipke, and J. P. Schoonmaker. 2014. Supplemental β-carotene I: Effect on plasma vitamin A, growth, performance, and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. Meat Sci. 98:736-743.   Dudley, Q. M., A. J. Liska, A. K. Watson, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. Uncertainties in life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from U.S. beef cattle. J. Cleaner Prod. 75:31-39.   Domby, E. M., J. S. Schutz, J. J. Wagner, T. E. Engle, K. L. Neuhold, D. R. Woerner, and M. E. Branine. 2014. The effect of medicinal feed additive programs and dietary sulfur concentrations in steam-flaked corn diets containing wet distillers grains on performance and carcass merit in yearling feedlot steers. Prof. Anim. Scientist 29:566-574.   Drewnoski, M. E., D. J. Pogge, and S. L. Hansen. 2014. Board Invited Review: High-  sulfur in beef cattle diets: a review. J. Anim. Sci. 92:3763-3780.   Drewnoski, M. E., C. J. Brasche, and S. L. Hansen. 2014. Effects of dietary sulfur source on rumen pH and hydrogen sulfide gas concentration. Livestock Sci. 165:66-69.   Drewnoski, M. E., P. Doane, and S. L. Hansen. 2014. Ferric citrate decreases ruminal hydrogen sulphide concentrations in feedlot cattle fed diets high in sulphate. British Journal of Nutrition. 111:261-269.   Duckworth, M.J., A.S. Schroeder, D.B. Faulkner, G.C. Fahey, and T.L. Felix. 2014. Effects of feeding calcium oxide treated wet distillers grains with solubles or treated corn stover to cattle on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and ruminal metabolism. Prof. Anim. Sci. 30:551-560.   Felix, T. L., S. C. Loerch and F. L. Fluharty. 2014. Protein supplementation for growing cattle fed a corn silage based diet. Prof. Anim. Sci. 30:327-332.   Genther, O. N. and S. L. Hansen. 2014. Effect of dietary trace mineral supplementation and a multi-element trace mineral injection on shipping response and growth performance of beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 92:2522-2530.   Genther, O. N. and S. L. Hansen. 2014. A multi-element trace mineral injection improves liver copper and selenium concentrations and manganese superoxide dismutase activity in beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 92:695-704.   Genther, O. N. and S. L. Hansen. 2015. The effect of trace mineral source and concentration on ruminal digestion and mineral solubility. J. Dairy Sci. 98:566-573.   Glanc, D. L., C. P. Campbell, J. Cranfield, K. C. Swanson, and I. B. Mandell. 2015. Effects of production system and slaughter weight endpoint on growth performance, carcass traits, and beef quality from conventionally and naturally produced beef cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. (accepted)   Gunn, P. J., J. P. Schoonmaker, R. P. Lemenager, and G. A. Bridges. 2014. Feeding excess crude protein to gestating and lactating beef heifers: Impact on parturition, milk composition, ovarian function, reproductive efficiency, and pre-weaning progeny performance. Livestock Sci. 167:435-448.   Harding, J. L., K. M. Rolfe, C. J. Schneider, B. L. Nuttelman, D. B. Burken, W. A. Griffin, A. L. Shreck, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2014. Effects of spoilage of wet distillers plus solubles when stored in a bunker on nutrient composition and performance of growing and finishing cattle. Prof. Anim. Scient. 30:225-234   Islas, A., T. C. Gilbery, R. S. Goulart, C. R. Dahlen, M. L. Bauer, and K. C. Swanson. 2014. Influence of supplementation with corn dried distillers grains plus solubles to growing calves fed medium-quality hay on growth performance and feeding behavior. J. Anim. Sci. 92:705-711.   Klein, S. I., P. L. Steichen, A. Islas, R. S. Goulart, T. C. Gilbery, M. L. Bauer, K. C. Swanson, and C. R. Dahlen. 2014. Effects of alternate day feeding of dried distiller’s grain plus solubles to forage-fed beef cows in mid- to late-gestation. J. Anim. Sci. 92:2677-2685.   Kroll, L. A. K., Grooms, D. L., Siegford, J. M., Schweihofer, J. P., & Rust, S. R. (2014). Effects of tail docking on health and performance of beef cattle in confined, slatted-floor feedlots. Journal of Animal Science, 92, 4108-4114. doi:10.2527/jas.2014-7582   Ladeira, M. M., J. Schoonmaker, M. L. Chizzotti, and R. L. Oliveira. 2014. Chapter 9: Nutrition challenges for quality improvement (eds. R. Lopes Oliveira and M. Aurelio Alves de Freitas Barbosa) Pp. 235-270. Universidade Federal Da Bahia. Salvador, Brazil.   McCutcheon, J. S., L. W. Morton, H. N. Zerby, S. C. Loerch, L. Miller and F. L. Fluharty. 2014. Ohio livestock producers’ perceptions of producing and marketing grass-based beef and lamb. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems. (Online: DOI: 10.1080/21683565.2014.986598 ).   Morine, S. J., M. E. Drewnoski, and S. L. Hansen. 2014. Increasing dietary NDF concentration decreases ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentrations in steers fed high-sulfur diets based on ethanol co-products. J. Anim. Sci. 92:3035-3041.   Morine, S. J., M. E. Drewnoski, A. K. Johnson, and S. L. Hansen. 2014. Determining the influence of dietary roughage concentration and source on ruminal parameters related to sulfur toxicity. J. Anim. Sci. 92:4068-4076.   Nafikov, R. A., J. P. Schoonmaker, K. T. Korn, K. Noack, D. J. Garrick, K. J. Koehler, J. Minick-Bormann, J. M. Reecy, D. E. Spurlock, and D. C. Beitz. 2014. Polymorphisms in lipogenic genes and milk fatty acid composition in Holstein dairy cattle. Genomics. 104:572-581.   Nichols, C. A., C. J. Schneider, K. H. Jenkins, G. E. Erickson, S. A. Furman, and M. K. Luebbe. 2014. Effect of sugar beet-pulp concentration during grain adaptation and in finishing diets with different corn processing methods on performance and carcass characteristics. Prof. Anim. Scient. 30:318-326.   Nichols, C. A., G. E. Erickson, J. T. Vasconcelos, M. N. Streeter, B. D. Dicke, D. J. Jordon, R. J. Cooper, T. L. Scott, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2014. Comparison of revalor XS, a new single dose implant, to a revalor IS and revalor S implant strategy in finishing steers. Prof. Anim. Scient. 30:51-55   Nunez, A. J. C., T. L. Felix, R. P. Lemenager, and J. P. Schoonmaker. 2014. Effect of calcium oxide inclusion in beef feedlot diets containing 60% dried distillers grains with solubles on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and performance. J. Anim. Sci. 92:3954-3965.   Nuñez, A.J.C., T.L. Felix, R.P. Lemenager, and J.P. Schoonmaker. 2014. Effect of calcium oxide inclusion in beef feedlot diets containing 60% dried distillers grains with solubles on ruminal fermentation, diet digestibility, performance, and carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 92:3954-3965.   Oliveira, D. M., A. Chalfun-Junior, M. L. Chizzotti, H. G. Barreto, T. C. Coelho, L. V. Paiva, C. P. Coelho, P. D. Teixeira, J. P. Schoonmaker, and M. M. Ladeira. 2014. Expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in the muscle of beef cattle fed soybean or rumen protected fat, with or without monensin supplementation. J. Anim. Sci. 92:5426-5436.   Patino, H. O., F. S. Medeiros, C. H. Pereira , K. C. Swanson, and C. McManus. 2015. Productive performance, meat quality and fatty acid profile of steers finished in confinement or supplemented at pasture. Animal (accepted)   Prezotto, L. D., C. O. Lemley, L. E. Camacho, F. E. Doscher, A. M. Meyer, J. S. Caton, K. A. Vonnahme, and K. C. Swanson. 2014. Effects of nutrient restriction and melatonin supplementation on maternal and fetal hepatic and small intestinal energy utilization. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 98:797-807.   Pogge, D. J., M. E. Drewnoski, and S. L. Hansen. 2014. High dietary sulfur decreases the retention of copper, manganese, and zinc in steers. J. Anim. Sci. 92:2182-2191.   Pogge, D. J., M. E. Drewnoski, and S. L. Hansen. 2014. Feeding ferric ammonium  citrate to decrease the risk of sulfur toxicity: effects on trace mineral absorption and  status of beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 92:4005-4013.   Pogge, D. J., S. M. Lonergan, and S. L. Hansen. 2014. Influence of supplemental vitamin C on postmortem protein degradation and fatty acid profiles of the longissimus thoracis of steers fed varying concentrations of dietary sulfur. Meat Sci. 96:956-963.   Pogge, D. J., S. M. Lonergan, and S. L. Hansen. 2014. Influence of supplementing vitamin C to yearling steers fed a high sulfur diet during the finishing period on meat color, tenderness and protein degradation, and fatty acid profile of the longissimus muscle. Meat Sci. 97:419-427.   Saatchi, M., J. E. Beever, J. E. Decker, D. B. Faulkner, H. C. Freetly, S. L. Hansen, H. Yampara-Iquise, K. A. Johnson, S. D. Kachman, M. S. Kerley, J. Kim, D. D. Loy, E. Marques, H. L. Neibergs, E. J. Pollak, R. D. Schnabel, C. M. Seabury, D. W. Shike, W. M. Snelling, M. L. Spangler, R. L. Weaber, D. J. Garrick and J. F. Taylor. 2014. QTL, candidate genes, metabolic and signaling pathways associated with growth, metabolic mid-test weight, feed intake and feed efficiency in beef cattle. BMC Genomics. 15:1004.   Reinhardt, C. D., and J. J. Wagner. 2014. High-dose anabolic implants are not all the same for growth and carcass traits of feedlot steers: a meta-analysis. J. Anim. Science 92:4711-4718.   Salim, H., K. M. Wood, P. L. McEwen, G. Vandervoort, S. P. Miller, I. B. Mandell, J. P. Cant, and K. C. Swanson. 2014. Influence of feeding increasing level of dry or modified wet corn distillers grains plus solubles in whole corn grain-based finishing diets on growth performance, carcass traits, and feeding behavior in finishing cattle. Livest. Sci. 161:53-59.   Salim, H., K. M. Wood, J. P. Cant, and K. C. Swanson. 2015. Influence of feeding increasing levels of dry or modified wet corn distillers grains plus solubles in whole corn grain-based finishing diets on hepatic and renal mass, and glutathione peroxidase and urea cycle enzyme activities in finishing cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. (accepted)   Schoonmaker, J. P., M. E. Persia, and D. C. Beitz. 2014. Effect of feeding corn modified to contain a unique amylase on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers. Prof. Anim. Sci. 30:561-565.   Schoonmaker, J., and M. M. Ladeira. 2014. Chapter 7: Reflections of new technologies use in maternal nutrition on the health and growth of calves. In: Beef Cattle: Challenges and Technologies, 2nd edition (eds. R. Lopes Oliveira and M. Aurelio Alves de Freitas Barbosa) Pp. 193-220. Universidade Federal Da Bahia. Salvador, Brazil.   Schroeder, A. R., M. J. Duckworth, D. W. Shike, J. P. Schoonmaker, and T. L. Felix. 2014. Effects of calcium oxide treatment of dry and modified wet distillers grains plus solubles on growth performance and apparent digestibility of feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. 92:4661-4668.   Schroeder, A.R., M. Iakiviak, and T.L. Felix. 2014. Effects of feeding dry or modified wet distillers grains with solubles with or without supplemental calcium oxide on ruminal metabolism and microbial enzymatic activity of beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 92:3997-4004.   Schroeder, A.R., M.J. Duckworth, D.W. Shike, J.P. Schoonmaker, and T.L. Felix. 2014. Effects of calcium oxide treatment of dry and modified wet distillers grains plus solubles on growth performance and apparent digestibility of feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. 92:4661-4668.   Stewart, J. L., C. F. Shipley, F. A. Ireland, T. L. Felix, V. L. Jarrell, S.C. Jimenez-Poveda, and D.W. Shike. 2014. Effects of different applications of pyrethrins and cyfluthrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, on bull reproductive parameters. Clin. Therio. 6:349   Shoup, L. M., D. González-Peña, F. A. Ireland, S. Rodriguez-Zas, T. L. Felix, and D. W. Shike. 2014. Prepartum supplement level and age of weaning: II. Effects of developmental programming on performance and carcass composition of steer progeny. (Accepted)   Schuler N.J., C. J. Bern, D. D. Loy, T. J. Brumm, D. R. Strohbehn. 2014. Mixing beef feed rations containing wet distillers grains.   Applied Engineering in Agriculture 30:199-204.   Swanson, K. C., A. Islas, Z. E. Carlson, R. S. Goulart, T. C. Gilbery, and M. L. Bauer. 2014. Influence of dry-rolled corn processing and increasing dried corn distillers grains plus solubles inclusion for finishing cattle on growth performance and feeding behavior. J. Anim. Sci. 92:2531-2537.   Swyers, K. L., J. J. Wagner, K. L. Dorton, and S. L. Archibeque. 2014. Evaluation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product as an alternative to monensin on growth performance, cost of gain, and carcass characteristics of heavy-weight yearling beef steers. J. Anim. Science 92:2538-2545.   Watson, A. K., K. J. Vander Pol, T. J. Huls, M. K. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and M. A. Greenquist. 2014. Effect of dietary inclusion of wet or modified distillers grains plus solubles on performance of finishing cattle. Prof. Anim. Scient30:585-596.   Wagner, J. J., S. L. Archibeque, and D. M. Feuz. 2014. The modern feedlot for finishing cattle. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 2:535-554.   Proceedings and Technical Reports:   Bohnert, D. W., R. F. Cooke, R. S. Marques, C. L. Francisco, B. I. Cappellozza, S. J. Falk, and K. C. Swanson. 2014. Influence of forage type and CP supplementation on utilization of low-quality hay by beef cattle. Oregon State University Beef Research Report. Publication BEEF121.   Carlson, Z. E., T. C. Gilbery, A. Islas, M. Bauer, K. Swanson. 2014. Influence of forage source on growth performance and feeding behavior. Forage Focus. March:22 and 24.   DiCostanzo, A. 2014. Managing herd profitability through alternative feeds. Minnesota Cow-Calf Days Report. University of Minnesota.   DiCostanzo, A. 2014. Using reduced fat distillers grains and solubles in beef and dairy cattle diets. In: Proc. 75th Minnesota Nutrition Conference. University of Minnesota. September 19. Prior Lake, MN.   Doscher, F. E., R. D. Yunusova, L. E. Camacho, C. O. Lemley, P. P. Borowicz, KI. A. Vonnahme, J. S. Caton, and K. C. Swanson. 2014. Effects of realimentation after nutrient restriction during early to midgestation on maternal and fetal circulating serum insulin and pancreas histology. North Dakota Beef Report. pp 27 – 31.   Doscher, F. E., M. C. Ruch, J. D. Kirsch, M. L. Bauer, and K. C. Swanson. 2014. The influence of dry-rolled corn particle size and dried corn distillers grains plus solubles inclusion levels on total tract digestion. North Dakota Beef Report. pp 4 – 7.   Felix, Tara L. 2015. Use of alternative feeds for beef cattle. XIX Curso: Novos Enfoques na Produção e Reprodução de Bovinos. March 19-20, 2015.   Felix, Tara L. 2015. Transitioning beef cattle from forage to grain. XIX Curso: Novos Enfoques na Produção e Reprodução de Bovinos. March 19-20, 2015.   Felix, Tara L. 2015. Limit feeding strategies to optimize efficiency in beef cattle. XIX Curso: Novos Enfoques na Produção e Reprodução de Bovinos. March 19-20, 2015.   Gaspers, J. J., G. L. Stokka, K. C. Swanson, and J. M. Young. 2014. Relationships between animal temperament and growth performance, feeding behavior, and carcass characteristics in feedlot steers. North Dakota Beef Report. pp 13 - 15.   Hansen, S. L. and O. N. Genther. 2014. The economic value of trace mineral supplementation to the farmer and veterinarian. Invited presentation. Proceedings of the South African Veterinary Association Livestock Health and Production Group, Kruger National Park, South Africa.   Kenney-Rambo, N. M. 2014. Mineral nutrition of feedlot cattle. Proceedings Minnesota Nutrition Conference. Prior Lake, MN. 133 -144.   Kenney-Rambo, N. M. 2014. Health and nutritional strategies for incoming feedlot cattle. Proceedings Driftless Region Beef Conference. Dubuque, IA. 34-36.   Luebbe, M., Beef Production Convention, Univeristy of Wyoming, Torrington, "High Plains Feedlot Opporuntities and Challenges", Extension, Conference, Regional, peer-reviewed/refereed, published in proceedings, http://www.wyomingextension.org/news/tag/southeast-wyoming-beef-production-convention/, Invited. (November 2014).   MacDonald, J., Erickson, G., Luebbe, M., Distillers grains technology council symposium, Distillers Grains Technology Council, Kansas City, MO, "Impacts of Sorghum and De-oiling on distillers grains use in beef cattle diets", Research/Creative Activity, Conference, National, published in proceedings. (May 15, 2014). MacDonald, J., Erickson, G., Kononoff, P., Klopfenstein, T., ASAS/ADSA Joint Meeting, American Society of Animal Science, Kansas City, MO, "Optimizing the use of fibrous residues in beef and dairy diets", Research/Creative Activity, Conference, International, peer-reviewed/refereed. (July 2014).   Schoonmaker, J. P. 2014 Effects of maternal nutrition on calf health and growth. Proceedings of the 32nd Western Canadian Dairy Seminar. Red Deer, AB, Canada. March 11-14, 2014. Volume 26. Pages 125-135.   Swanson, K. 2014. Thoughts on beef research priorities. North Dakota Stockman. November. pp 22, 82.   McGuire, D. L., D. W. Bohnert, B. I. Cappellozza, M. M. Reis, R. S. Marques, K. C. Swanson, S. J. Falk, and R. F. Cooke. 2014. Influence of supplement composition on utilization of low-quality cool-season forage by beef cattle. Oregon State University Beef Research Report. Publication BEEF120.   Weaber, R. L., J. E. Beever, H. C. Freetly, S. L. Hansen, K. A. Johnson, M. S. Kerley, D. D. Loy, E. Marques, H. L. Neibergs, E. J. Pollak, R. D. Schnabel, C. M. Seabury, D. W. Shike, M. L. Spangler, D. J. Garrick and J. F. Taylor. 2014. Analysis of US Cow-Calf Producer Survey Data to Assess Knowledge, Awareness and Attitudes Related to Genetic Improvement of Feed Efficiency. Proceedings of the 10th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. Vancouver, B.C.   Abstracts:   Bloemer, M.E., M. Srinivasan, F.A. Ireland, D.W. Shike, and T.L. Felix. 2015. Differences in forage quality when comparing novel and endophyte-infected fescue over the growing season. J. Anim. Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 2):193.   Bittner, C. J. G. E. Erickson, K. H. Jenkins, M. K. Luebbe, G. I Zanton, and M. A. Andersen. 2014. Effects of Next Enhance concentrations in finishing diets on performance and carcass characteristics of yearling feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 92 (E-Suppl 2): 298 (Abstr.).   Bittner, C. J., D. B. Burken, G. E. Erickson, and N. A. Pyatt. 2014. Effect of 300 or 400 mg daily of ractopamine hydrochloride on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing steers during the last 14, 28, or 42 d. J. Anim. Sci. 92 (E-Suppl 2): 300 (Abstr.).   Bittner, C. J., G. E. Erickson, K. H. Jenkins, M. K. Luebbe, and M. A. Andersen. 2014. Effects of feeding NEXT ENHANCE in finishing diets on performance and carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 92 (Suppl 2): 98 (Abstr.).   Bremer, M. L., B. L. Nuttelman, C. J. Bittner, D. B. Burken, G. E. Erickson, J. C. MacDonald, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2014. Energy value of de-oiled modified distillers grains plus solubles in beef feedlot diets. J. Anim. Sci. 92 (Suppl 2): 93 (Abstr.).   Bremer, M. L., M. K. Luebbe, K. H. Jenkins, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. Energy value of de-oiled wet distillers grains plus solubles relative to corn processing method of steam-flaked or dry-rolled. J. Anim. Sci. 92 (Suppl 2): 94 (Abstr.). Burken, D. B., B. L. Nuttelman, C. J. Bittner, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2014. Feeding elevated levels of corn silage and MDGS in finishing diets. J. Anim. Sci. 92 (Suppl 2): 92 (Abstr.).   Caldera, E., J. J. Wagner, K. S. Sellins, T. E. Engle, S. B. Laudert, and J. W. Spears. 2014. Effects of supplemental zinc, copper, and manganese concentration and source on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. 92(E-Supple):342.   Caldera, E., J. J. Wagner, K. S. Sellins, T. E. Engle, S. B. Laudert, and J. W. Spears. 2014. Effects of supplemental zinc, copper, and manganese concentration and source on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers. Plains Nutrition Council. San Antonio, Texas.   Crane, E. M., J. C. Munro, S. L. Bourgon, K. C. Swanson, A. H. Fredeen, and Y. R. Montanholi. 2015. Blood cell parameters are associated with feed efficiency in replacement heifers. Proceedings Canadian Society of Animal Science Meetings.   Doscher, F. E., M. C. Ruch, J. D. Kirsch, M. L. Bauer, and K. C. Swanson. 2015. The influence of dry-rolled corn particle size and dried corn distiller’s grains plus solubles inclusion levels on digestibility in steers. J. Anim. Sci. 93(Suppl.2):151.   Doscher, F. E., M. C. Ruch, J. D. Kirsch, C. R. Dahlen, S. Rahman, M. S. Borhan, M. L. Bauer, and K. C. Swanson. 2015. Influence of dry-rolled corn processing and distillers grain inclusion rate on rumen pH, VFA, and NH3 concentration and in vitro methane production. J. Anim. Sci. 93(Suppl.2):95.   Edenburn, B.M., N.A. Pyatt, and T.L. Felix. 2014. Effects of dose and duration of ractopamine hydrochloride supplementation on growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 92(E-Suppl. 2):74.   Edenburn, B.M., S.G. Kneeskern, B.M. Bohrer, W. Rounds, D.D. Boler, A.C. Dilger, and T.L. Felix. 2015. Effects of zinc, chromium, and beta-agonist supplementation on feedlot steers on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. J. Anim. Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 2):169.   Fernando, S.C., A. L. Knoell, C. L. Anderson, A. C. Pesta, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2014. Diet influences microbial community composition, and methane emission in growing and finishing beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 92 (E-Suppl 2): 917 (Abstr.).   Gaspers, J. J., G. L. Stokka, J. M. Young, T. G. Gilbery, S. R. Underdahl, M. L. Bauer, G. P. Lardy, and K. C. Swanson. 2015. Influence of conventional vs. natural feeding approaches, adaptation length, and direct-fed microbial inclusion on growth performance and feeding behavior in finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 93(Suppl.2):158.   Gaspers, J. J., K. C. Swanson, J. M. Young, T. G. Gilbery, S. R. Underdahl, M. L. Bauer, G. P. Lardy, and G. L. Stokka. 2015. Influence of feeding approaches, adaptation length, and direct-fed microbial inclusion on animal temperament and relationships with growth performance, feeding behavior, and carcass characteristics in feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. 93(Suppl.2):104.   Genther, O. N., M. E. Branine, and S. L. Hansen. 2014. Effect of a supplemental zinc complex and ractopamine hydrochloride on blood markers of the immune and beta- adrenergic responses in beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 92(Suppl. 2):43. Ph.D. oral paper competition- 2nd place.   Genther, O. N. and S. L. Hansen. 2014. Impact of student engagement activities on student performance on a short assessment. J. Anim. Sci. 92(E-Suppl. 2):387.   Genther, O.N. and S. L. Hansen. 2014. Interaction between a β-agonist and supplemental zinc in cattle. 15th International meeting on Trace Elements in Man and Animals. Orlando, Fl. Pg. 39.   Gordon, B. N., S. W. Hahm, J. J. Wagner, J. S. Jennings, H. Han, and T. E. Engle. 2014. Examining the impact of Aspergillus oryzae α-amylase supplementation on rumen volatile fatty acid profile and relative abundance of mRNA associated with nutrient absorption in ruminal and duodenal tissue from beef steers. Plains Nutrition Council. San Antonio, Texas.   Hansen, S. L. and O. N. Genther. 2014. Interactions between trace minerals and production practices in beef cattle. 15th International meeting on Trace Elements in Man and Animals. Orlando, Fl. Pg. 44.   Harding, J. L., M. L. Jolly, J. C. MacDonald, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. Effects of processing of treated corn stover and distillers grains in intake and digestibility of feedlot diets. J. Anim. Sci. 92 (E-Suppl 2): 296 (Abstr.).   Harris, M. E., G. E. Erickson, K. H. Jenkins, and M. K. Luebbe. 2014. Evaluating two rates of monensin fed during the grain adaptation period on cattle performance and carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 92 (Suppl 2): 96 (Abstr.).   Hilscher, F. H., G. E. Erickson, S. B. Laudert, D. J. Jordon, B. D. Dicke, R. J. Cooper, and T. L. Scott. 2014. Effect of zinc and copper source on finishing steer feedlot performance and incidence of footrot. J. Anim. Sci. 92 (Suppl 2): 174 (Abstr.).   Jolly, M. L., A. L. Shreck, J. L. Harding, G. E. Erickson, J. C. MacDonald, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2014. Digestion of finishing diets containing modified distillers grains plus solubles and condensed distillers solubles with and without oil extraction. J. Anim. Sci. 92 (Suppl 2): 93 (Abstr.).   Jones, M., R. J. Rasby, S. C. Fernando, G. E. Erickson, M. K. Luebbe, K. H. Jenkins, J. C. MacDonald, T. J. Klopfenstein, J. Larson, R. Stowell, C. Powers, and M. Anderson-Knott. 2014. Evaluation of 2013 survey of beef producers in Nebraska. J. Anim. Sci. 92 (E-Suppl 2): 351 (Abstr.).   Knoell, A. L., C. L. Anderson, A. C. Pesta, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and S. C. Fernando. 2014. Effect of diet on microbial community composition, and methane emission in growing beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 92 (Suppl 2): 170 (Abstr.).   Kneeskern, S.G., A.C. Dilger, S.C. Loerch, D.W. Shike, and T.L. Felix. 2015. Effects of Cr supplementation during gestation on beef cow performance and the interaction with Cr during finishing on progeny growth performance and carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 2):189.   Lundy, E. L., M. L. Van Emon, D. D. Loy, and S. L. Hansen. 2014. Digestibility of traditional and Adding Cellulosic Ethanol wet distillers grains in finishing lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 92 (E-Suppl. 2) Abst.704.   Lundy, E. L., B. E. Doran, E. Vermeer, D. D. Loy, and S. L. Hansen. 2014. Effects of corn particle size on steer performance and carcass characteristics when fed diets with moderate amounts of wet distillers grains plus solubles. Plains Nutrition Conference, San Antonio, Texas. Pg. 156.   Lundy, E. L., D. D. Loy, and S. L. Hansen. 2014. Effects of Adding Cellulosic Ethanol wet distillers grains on steer performance and carcass characteristics. Distillers Grains Technology Council Symposium, Dallas, Texas.   Muegge, C. R., K. M. Brennan, R. P. Lemenager, and J. P. Schoonmaker. 2014. Effect of inorganic or organic selenium supplementation during gestation and lactation on cow and pre-weaning calf performance. J. Anim. Sci. 92(Suppl. 1):345.   Pesta, A. C., A. K. Watson, R. G. Bondurant, S. C. Fernando, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. Effects of dietary fat source and monensin on methane to carbon dioxide ratio, VFA profile, and performance of finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 92 (E-Suppl 2): 341 (Abstr.).   Pesta, A. C., A. K. Watson, S. C. Fernando, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. Effects of diet on methane, VFA profile, and performance of growing calves. J. Anim. Sci. 92 (Suppl 2): 97 (Abstr.).   Peterson, S. J., B. L. Nuttelman, C. J. Schneider, D. B. Burken, J. C. MacDonald, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. Optimum inclusion of alkaline treated cornstalks and distillers grains fed to calf-fed steers. J. Anim. Sci. 92 (Suppl 2): 91 (Abstr.).   Prezotto, L. D., J. F. Thorson, P. P. Borowicz, S. T. Dorsam, J. L. Peine, C. A. Lents, J. S. Caton, and K. C. Swanson. 2015. Effects of maternal nutrition and arginine supplementation on liver and jejunal oxygen consumption and hypothalamic neuropeptide content in ovine offspring. Proceedings of the Endocrine Society. SAT-552.   Pogge, D. J., S. M. Lonergan, and S. L. Hansen. 2014. Effects of duration of vitamin C supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, and protein degradation of the longissimus thoracis of steers fed a 0.31 or 0.59% sulfur diet. J. Anim. Sci. 92 (Suppl. 2) Abst 425.   Ruch, M. C., T. G. Gilbery, S. R. Underdahl, M. L. Bauer, and K. C. Swanson. 2015. Influence of forage inclusion level on growth performance and feeding behavior in finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 93(Suppl.2):197.   Russell, J. R., N. O. Minton, W. J. Sexten, M. S. Kerley, and S. L. Hansen. 2014. Feedlot performance and diet digestibility of feed efficiency-ranked beef steers fed corn or roughage-based diets and finished with corn or byproduct-based diets. J. Anim. Sci. 92 (Suppl. 2) Abst 589.   Singh, Pallava, Katherine Jernigan, Christopher Radek, Robert Britton, Cristina Venegas, Steven R. Rust, Paul Bartlett, Dan Grooms, and Shannon Manning. 2012. Variation in microbiota diversity between beef and dairy cattle. Proc. of ASM.   Shoup, L.M., A.C. Kloth, D. Gonzalez Peña Fundora, F.A. Ireland, S.L. Rodriguez Zas, T.L. Felix, and D.W. Shike. 2014. Prepartum supplement level and age of weaning: I. Effects on pre-and postpartum beef cow performance and calf performance through weaning. J. Anim. Sci. 92(E-Suppl. 2):65.   Shoup, L.M., D. Gonzalez Peña Fundora, F.A. Ireland, S.L. Rodriguez Zas, T.L. Felix, and D.W. Shike. 2014. Prepartum supplement level and age of weaning: II. Effects of developmental programming on performance and carcass composition of progeny. J. Anim. Sci. 92(E-Suppl. 2):66.   Schoonmaker, J. P., M. C. Claeys, and R. P. Lemenager. 2014. Effect of StoverCal, corn silage, and corn stover in diets containing 60% distillers grains on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. 92(Suppl. 2):174.   Schoonmaker, J. P., M. A. Engstrom, and R. P. Lemenager. 2014. Effect of supplementing gestating and lactating beef cows with supranutritional concentrations of vitamin D on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of the progeny. J. Anim. Sci. 92(Suppl. 2):174.   Schroeder, A. R., M. J. Duckworth, D. W. Shike, J. P. Schoonmaker, and T. L. Felix. 2014. Effects of calcium oxide treatment of dry and modified wet distillers grains with solubles on economics, feed intake pattern, and growth and carcass performance of feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. 92(Suppl. 2):28.     Timlin, C.L., J.L. Stewart, F.A. Ireland, C.F. Shipley, V.L. Jarrell, D.W. Shike, and T.L. Felix. 2015. Effects of different applications of pyrethrin/pyrethrod insecticides on bull reproductive parameters. J. Anim. Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 2):194-195.   McCutcheon, J., Morton, L.W., Zerby, H.N., Loerch, S.C., Miller, L. and Fluharty, F.L. 2014. Ohio livestock producer perceptions of producing and marketing of grass-based beef and lamb. Journal of Animal Science. 92 (Supp 2):280.   McCutcheon, J.S., Zerby, H.N., Loerch, S.C., and Fluharty, F.L. 2014. Comparison of four perennial forage finishing systems and a limit-fed corn-based finishing system on lamb growth and carcass characteristics. Journal of Animal Science. 92 (Supp 2):97.   Van Emon, M. L., D. D. Loy, and S. L. Hansen. 2014. Determining the preference and in situ digestibility of a microalgae co-product for beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 92 (Suppl. 2) Abst 352.     Warner, J. M., K. H. Jenkins, R. J. Rasby, M. K. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2014. Effects of calf age at weaning on cow and calf performance and feed utilization in an intensive production system. J. Anim. Sci. 92 (E-Suppl 2): 345 (Abstr.). Warner, J. M., K. H. Jenkins, R. J. Rasby, M. K. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2014. Effects of calf age at weaning on cow and calf performance and feed utilization in an intensive production system. . J. Anim. Sci. 92 (Suppl 2): 44 (Abstr.).   Watson, A. K., G. E. Erickson,T. J. Klopfenstein, and M. J. Rincker. 2014. Effect of Micro-Aid supplementation on nitrogen losses from cattle manure. J. Anim. Sci. 92 (Suppl 2): 159 (Abstr.).   Wilson, T. B., B. C. Ramírez, L. F. Rodriguez, A. R. Green, D. D. Boler, A. C. Dilger, T. L. Felix, and D. W. Shike. (2015) Effects of Maternal Plane of Nutrition During Mid-Gestation on Beef Calf Post-Weaning Growth and Feed Efficiency, Methane Production, Insulin Sensitivity, and Carcass Characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 2):37.   Wilson, T. B., B. C. Ramírez, L. F. Rodriguez, A. R. Green, D. D. Boler, A. C. Dilger, T. L. Felix, and D. W. Shike (2015) Effects of Maternal Plane of Nutrition During Late Gestation on Beef Calf Post-weaning Growth and Feed Efficiency, Methane Production, Insulin Sensitivity, and Carcass Characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 2):176.   Experiment Station Publications:   Bittner, C. J., D. B. Burken, A. L. Shreck, J. C. MacDonald, G. E. Erickson, and N. A. Pyatt. 2015. Effect of 300 or 400 mg daily of ractopamine hydrochloride on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing steers during the last 14, 28, or 42 days. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:90-93.   Bittner, C. J., G. E. Erickson, K. H. Jenkins, M. K. Luebbe, M. A. Andersen, and G. I. Zanton. 2015. Effects of Next Enhance concentrations in finishing diets on performance and carcass characteristics of yearling feedlot cattle. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:101-102.   Bremer, M. L., S. J. Peterson, A. L. Shreck, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and J. C. MacDonald. 2015. Digestibility of de-oiled modified distillers grains plus solubles in forage-based diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:40-41.   Bremer, M. L., C. J. Bittner, D. B. Burken, G. E. Erickson, and J. C. MacDonald. 2015. Response to increasing concentrations of de-oiled modified distillers grains plus solubles in beef feedlot diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:74-76.   Bremer, M. L., M. E. Harris, J. A. Hansen, K. H. Jenkins, M. K. Luebbe, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Feeding value of de-oiled wet distillers grains plus solubles relative to normal when fed with either dry-rolled corn or steam-flaked corn in beef finishing diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:77-79.   Burken, D. B., B. L. Nuttelman, C. J. Bittner, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Feeding elevated levels of corn silage and MDGS in finishing diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:6-67.   Burken, D. B., T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. The effects of corn price, shrink, and harvest moisture on corn silage economics. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:68-70. Burken, D. B., S. E. Gardine, J. L. Harding, M. L. Jolly-Breithaupt, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Evaluation of rumen metabolism and digestibility of corn silage and MDGS finishing diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:71-73   Genther, O., and S. Hansen. 2014. Effects of Supplemental Availa®Zn on Growth and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Cattle Fed Diets With or Without Optaflexx. Iowa State University Animal Industry Report: 2849.   Harding, J. L., C. J. Bittner, D. B. Burken, G. E. Erickson, and J. C. MacDonald. 2015. Effects of processing treated corn stover and distillers grains on performance of growing cattle. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:36-37.   Harding, J. L., M. L. Jolly-Breithaupt, G. E. Erickson, and J. C. MacDonald. 2015. Effects of replacing corn with a pelleted treated corn stover and distillers grains on intake and total tract digestibility of finishing diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:83-85.   Harding, J. L., C. J. Bittner, D. B. Burken, G. E. Erickson, and J. C. MacDonald. 2015. Effects of replacing corn with a pelleted treated corn stover and distillers grains on performance of finishing cattle. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:86-87.   Harris, M. E., G. E. Erickson, K. H. Jenkins, and M. K. Luebbe. 2015. Evaluating two rates of monensin fed during the grain adaptation period on cattle performance and carcass characteristics. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:103-104.   Hilscher, F. H., G. E. Erickson, M. N. Streeter, R. J. Cooper, B. D. Dicke, D. J. Jordon, and T. L. Scott. 2015. Effects of three aggressive implant protocols on feedlot performance and carcass traits of calf-fed steers. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:94-95.   Hilscher, F. H., G. E. Erickson, S. B. Laudert, R. J. Cooper, B. D. Dicke, D. J. Jordon, and T. L. Scott. 2015. Effect of zinc and copper source on finishing steer feedlot performance and incidence of footrot. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:98-100.   Jolly-Breithaupt, M. L., A. L. Shreck, J. L. Harding, J. C. MacDonald, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Nutrient digestibility and ruminal pH of finishing diets containing dry milling byproducts with and without oil extraction. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:80-82.   Knoell, A. L., C. L. Anderson, A. C. Pesta, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and S. C. Fernando. 2015. Effect of diet on the rumen microbial community composition of growing cattle and the role it plays in methane emissions. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:45-47.   Loy, D, B. Doran, P. Summer, A. Trenkle, D. Busby, Z. Gray, E. Lundy, and S. Hansen. 2014. Fecal Starch Content and Apparent Starch Digestibility using Field Methods in Feedlot Cattle Fed 25, 50, or 75% Modified Distillers Grains with Solubles. Iowa State University Animal Industry Report: 2850.   Morine, S., M. Drewnoski, S. Hansen. 2014. Corn Addition in Fiber-Based Supplements to Grazing Cattle. Iowa State University Animal Industry Report: 2863. Pesta, A. C., A. K. Watson, R. G. Bondurant, S. C. Fernando, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Effects of dietary fat source and monensin on methane emissions, VFA profile, and performance of finishing steers. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:105-107.   Pogge, D., and S. Hansen. 2014. The Effect of Varying Concentrations of Vitamin C on Performance, Blood Metabolites, and Carcass Characteristics of Steers Consuming a Common High Sulfur Diet. Iowa State University Animal Industry Report: 2844.   Pogge, D., P. Summer, and S. Hansen. 2014. Impact of Dietary Cation-Anion Difference on Steer Performance and Carcass Characteristics. Iowa State University Animal Industry Report: 2859.   Row, C. A., A. L. Shreck, R. G. Bondurant, C. J. Bittner, J. L. Harding, J. C. MacDonald, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Effect of corn plant maturity on yield and nutrient quality of corn plants. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:56-58.   Russell, J., E. Lundy, and S. Hansen. 2014. Growth and Carcass Characteristics of Feed Efficiency Sorted Cattle Fed Corn or Roughage-Based Diets and Finished with Corn or Byproduct-Based Diets. Iowa State University Animal Industry Report: 2864.   Warner, J. M., C. J. Bittner, K. H. Jenkins, R. J. Rasby, M. K. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2015. Effects of calf age at weaning on cow and calf performance and feed utilization in an intensive production system. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:16-18.   Warner, J. M., C. J. Bittner, K. H. Jenkins, R. J. Rasby, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Effect of post-weaning management and age at weaning on calf growing and finishing performance. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:22-24.   Watson, A. K., J. L. Harding, M. P. McCurdy, M. J. Hersom, K. E. Hales, C. R. Krehbiel, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Mineral composition of beef cattle carcasses. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:108-110   Watson, A. K., T. J. McEvers, L. J. Walter, N. D. May, J. A. Reed, N. A. Cole, T. E. Lawrence, J. C. MacDonald, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Mineral composition of serial slaughter Holstein carcasses. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:111-114.   Watson, A. K., A. L. Shreck, A. M. Schmidt, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Anaerobic digestion of feedlot manure. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:115-116.

Impact Statements

4. Beef production continues to increase and hot carcass weights are linearly increasing due in large part to growth and efficiency enhancing technologies discovered and/or evaluated by this committee. Discoveries by members of this committee have contributed to an abundance of affordable, safe, high quality, and sustainable beef supply.

Date of Annual Report: 07/29/2016

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 05/17/2016 - 05/19/2016
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2015 - 09/30/2016

Participants

Members present:

Alfredo DiCostanzo, (dicos001@umn.edu) Univ. of Minnesota;
Stephanie Hansen, slhansen@iastate.edu Iowa State Univ.;
Matt Luebbe, mluebbe2@unl.edu Univ. of Nebraska;
Steve Rust, rust@msu.edu Michigan State Univ.;
Dan Schaefer, schaeferd@ansci.wisc.edu Univ. of Wisconsin;
Jon Schoonmaker, jschoonm@purdue.edu Purdue Univ.;
Kendall Swanson, kendall.swanson@ndsu.edu North Dakota State Univ.;
Jenny Jennings, Jenny.Jennings@ag.tamu.edu Texas A&M AgriLife Research;
John Wagner, john.wagner@colostate.edu Colorado State Univ.;
Robbi Pritchard, Robbi.Pritchard@sdstate.edu South Dakota State Univ.;
Chris Richards, chris.richards@okstate.edu Oklahoma State Univ.;
Dan Loy, dloy@iastate.edu, Iowa State Univ.

Guests:
Kristin Hales, US Meat Animal Research Center
Galen Erickson, Univ. of Nebraska
Amy Radunz, Univ. of Wisconsin-River Falls
Chris Clark Iowa Beef Center, Iowa State Univ.
Russ Euken Iowa Beef Center, Iowa State Univ.
Garland Dahlke Iowa Beef Center, Iowa State Univ.
Erika Lundy Iowa Beef Center, Iowa State Univ.
Joe Sellers Iowa Beef Center, Iowa State Univ.
Patrick Wall Iowa Beef Center, Iowa State Univ.
Faithe Keomanivong North Dakota State Univ.
Olivia Genther-Schroeder, Iowa State Univ.
Erin Deters, Iowa State Univ.
Chris Blank, Iowa State Univ.
Sarah Hartman, Iowa State Univ.
Emma Niedermayer, Iowa State Univ.

Invited Speaker:
Luis Tedeschi, Professor, Texas A&M University, Member NRC 2016 Committee

Brief Summary of Minutes

Meeting Minutes

Tuesday, May 17^th- General gathering and introduction of new members and guests. Review committee meeting agenda and discuss priority areas. Wednesday, May 18^th- Met at Iowa State University, Kildee Hall. Welcome by Don Beermann, department chair. Administrative report from John Lawrence in person, and NIFA report from Steve Smith via video conference. Considerable discussion about potential collaboration between committee members, including topics such as antibiotic alternatives, water needs, and information needed to help support new NRC. Experiment Station Reports were held over the two day meeting- Faculty from the 11 institutions that attended the meeting presented research focused on the challenges and opportunities in each state. Much of the summarized research fell within the specific goals of the NCCC-308 committee. Wednesday afternoon included a tour of Summit Farms, Alden, Iowa, including confined cow operations and farm to feedlot operations. Also toured Iowa State University Beef Nutrition Research Farm. Thursday May 19^st- Luis Tedeschi, Texas A&M University and member of the 2016 Beef NRC committee presented an excellent overview of the new NRC publication that was released May 16. This was a great opportunity for the members to get a first look at the new publication and Dr. Tedeschi gave an extensive workshop on how to use the new software as well. Discussion included conversation about how the software could be utilized and improved and things the next NRC committee should consider including or expanding upon. Experiment Station Reports continued in the afternoon. Committee administration meeting and plans for 2017- The group decided to hold the meeting in Fargo, ND at North Dakota State University. The group also tentatively planned on Colorado State University for 2018.

Accomplishments

SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES   General:   Again in 2015 members of the NCCC308 committee achieved goals that address nutrition and management issues related to performance, carcass value, and environmental sustainability of beef feedlot operations.  This year, 12 committee members met to discuss novel approaches to integrate individual contributions into a cohesive report that is meaningful to our clientele.  Written station reports were submitted by 10 members (IA, NE, SD, TX, MI, WI, ND, IN, OK, and OH). Our current report demonstrates the overall outcomes, outputs, activities, milestones and impacts as a group.  In addition to committee member participation, our guests included future beef nutritionists (graduate students), Iowa beef extension personnel, and Luis Tedeschi of Texas A&M as an invited speaker to inform the group about the new beef NRC publication. An overarching goal of our group is to maintain the sustainability of the beef feedlot industry, and successful achievement of our committee goals in 2015 supports this outcome.       Objective 1.  Enhance the utilization of C from energy feeds to compete in an energy economy and improve national food security.   Ethanol plants are modifying their production to extract more oil, protein and fiber for use in other industries which changes the nutrient content and energy value.  When ethanol and other biofuel byproducts are fed, the particle size or intensity of processing method may be adjusted to improve energy utilization.  Corn stalks and other low quality residues are abundant and new processes or treatments can improve digestibility.  Members from MN, NE, IA, CO, ND, MI and IA contributed to our understanding of diets or methods to improve energy utilization from feedstuffs.   Objective 2. To enhance the environmental sustainability of the feedlot industry through conservation and nutrient management.   Many of the requirements for mineral concentration determined by the National Research Council were established using feeding and management practices that do not reflect current industry standards. To better understand trace mineral requirements data were presented on the source and concentration in finishing diets and industry trace mineral strategies were compared with the National Research Council standards.  Similarly, mineral composition of beef and Holstein carcasses were reported and compared to current prediction equations.  Methane production from feedlot manure in anaerobic digesters can decrease gaseous losses from feedyards and provide an alternative source of energy.  The amount of soil contamination in the manure appears to have an impact on the production of methane.  Methane production, performance, and volatile fatty acid concentrations were measured in finishing diets using a novel approach.  Endophyte-infected tall fescue can depress cattle growth due to ergot alkaloid-producing endophytes but novel endophyte-infected tall fescue can improve performance.  The mechanism for differences in performance between fescue hybrids is unknown.  Members from NE, CO, and IL presented research related to this objective.   Objective 3.  To enhance the production efficiency and quality of feedlot cattle through management strategies and technologies.   The impact of vitamin and mineral supplementation was evaluated by four universities (OH, IL, IA, ID) to determine the effects on toxin binding, fetal development and subsequent performance of progeny in the feedlot, antioxidant activity, oxidative stress, and source of trace mineral (organic vs inorganic).  Five universities evaluated different management practices that use beta-agonists, implants, direct fed microbials, and essential oils (MN, NE, IL, WI, IN) to determine optimal management strategies when these products are used.  Grain adaptation, forage concentration in finishing diets, genetic influences on feed efficiency, and slatted floors with rubber mats were also evaluated by members of the committee (ND, MI, IA).   Outputs   Committee members from 11 states made 55 presentations to stakeholders in state, regional, national or international meetings. The presentations included webinars, cattle producer meetings, and scientific meetings across the US. Findings associated with NCCC308 Objectives were presented. In 2014, members of the committee published 55 refereed journal articles, 20 papers in proceedings, 29 experiment station publications, and 55 abstracts on project objectives. In addition, committee members published 49 articles in trade publications and newsletters. These outputs were communicated to academia, beef producers, feed industries, pharmaceutical industries, and consulting nutritionists and veterinarians.   Activities   Objective 1.  Enhance the utilization of C from energy feeds to compete in an energy economy and improve national food security.   The degree of processing dry-rolled corn and particle size influences finishing performance (Colorado State University), gas production, methane production, and digestibility (North Dakota State University). The University of Nebraska evaluated finishing performance when either steam-flaked corn or dry-rolled corn were fed with de-oiled or full oil distillers grains were fed.  Additional byproduct research was conducted by Iowa State University to determine the use of novel distillers grains that had a portion of the fiber removed during cellulosic ethanol production and algae meal from the production of biodiesel.  The University of Nebraska evaluated the optimum inclusion of de-oiled distillers grains, and the impact of replacing corn grain with corn silage when varying concentrations of wet distillers grains are fed.  The University of Minnesota combined data in a meta-analysis to determine the optimal energy value of wet distillers grains concentration, effect of moisture content, and concentration of oil in the distillers grains.  Crop residues were evaluated as either pelleted corn stover combined with distillers grains at the University of Nebraska.  Residues were also evaluated using alkali treatment and moisture content in a collaborative experiment conducted by the University of Minnesota and University of Illinois.  The type of supplement (meal vs. liquid) was evaluated in backgrounding diets at the University of Illinois. Objective 2. To enhance the environmental sustainability of the feedlot industry through conservation and nutrient management.   Trace mineral concentrations currently fed in commercial feedlots were compared with concentrations suggested by the National Research Council at Colorado State University.  Colorado State University also compared the concentration and source of Zn, Cu, and Mg on finishing performance.  The University of Nebraska determined the mineral composition of beef and Holstein carcasses using serial slaughter data.  The University of Nebraska measured methane emissions, volatile fatty acid concentrations, and performance when fat sources were compared with and without monensin and also methane production from manure with different amounts of soil or ash contamination in anaerobic digesters.   Objective 3. To enhance the production efficiency and quality of feedlot cattle through management strategies and technologies.   Perdue University and the University of Illinois evaluated the impact of dam mineral supplementation on progeny performance in the feedlot.  New technologies using novel feed ingredients such as direct fed microbials, interleukin-10, algae, clay minerals (saponite), or elevated mineral and vitamin concentrations were fed to determine the impact on performance, meat quality, animal health, temperament, feeding behavior, antioxidant capacity and digestibility in finishing diets by many of the committee members (WI, IN, NDSU, MN, NE, IA, OH).  The University of Wisconsin and University of Nebraska evaluated multiple implant strategies for beef and Holstein fed steers.  Iowa State University continued to evaluate feed efficiency ranking and the potential influence of nutrient digestibility on feed efficiency.  Michigan State University compared slatted floors with floors covered with rubber on lameness, hide cleanliness, and performance.    Milestones   The committees milestones are a result from the interaction and collaboration that is generated at our annual meetings in four major areas: 1) determining effective uses of processing or alkali treatment of low quality residues in diets with distillers grains, 2) increasing our understanding of the effects of novel technology or management to improve performance, beef quality and animal welfare, 3) continuing to increase a database that allows us to predict the energy value of byproducts produced using different production methods at the ethanol plant, and 4) determining appropriate mineral concentrations to reduce the impact on the environment.    Because of the interaction at the committee meeting in 2014, the University of Minnesota and Illinois collaborated in a project to determine whether alkali-treatment (CaOH2) of corn stover or simply adding water to corn stover improved gains and feed efficiency of cattle during a backgrounding phase.  There were no differences in feed efficiency when alkali treatments were fed but the authors reported an increase in average daily gain and intake when water alone was added.  Perdue University reported that addition of calcium oxide at 1% of the diet enhances performance of cattle fed distillers grains.  The University of Nebraska replaced corn with pelleted distillers grains and corn residue and were able to maintain performance in diets with 40% distillers grains.  These results increase our understanding of treating low quality residues and the impact of altering ruminal pH when an alkali treatment is used with distillers grains.   Members of the committee continue to develop and test new approaches to improve performance, animal health, and carcass characteristics.  Feeding antibodies, vitamins, minerals with beta agonists, essential oils, direct fed microbials, implants and clay minerals was reported by the University of Wisconsin, Iowa State University, University of Illinois, University of Nebraska, North Dakota State University, University of Wisconsin and Perdue University (respectively).  These results suggest some products have an impact on economically important traits or metabolites.    Data reported by Iowa State University, the University of Minnesota, Perdue University, and the University of Nebraska increase our understanding of the energy value of byproducts that have oil removed, byproducts that undergo a secondary cellulosic ethanol fermentation, and algae byproducts from oil production as a feed ingredient.  As the database for feeding de-oiled distillers grains continues to grow, we have determined that removing a portion of the corn oil reduces the energy content of the diet.  The concentration of oil in the distillers, corn processing method, and inclusion level of distillers grains all have an impact on animal performance.  Iowa State University reported on novel distillers grains that were fermented for cellulosic ethanol production and reported a decrease in energy value compared with traditional distillers grains.  The Iowa State University also determined the use of algae as an energy source is feasible but reports from Perdue University suggest it may decrease shelf life of retail product.  Colorado State University and North Dakota State University reported that in diets containing distillers grains particle size does not have an impact on performance or gas production (respectively).   Colorado State University and Ohio State University evaluated the source and concentration of trace minerals and compared concentrations fed in the industry with the National Research Council recommendations.  These experiments did not demonstrate a difference in performance when the source or concentration was changed suggesting additional supplementation of certain minerals is not warranted.  The University of Nebraska used samples from serial slaughter experiments to determine carcass mineral retention in beef and Holstein cattle.  When mineral retention was expressed as g/100 g protein gain, the results suggested current NRC predictions are accurate.

Publications

Section C: Publications Saatchi, M., J. E. Beever, J. E. Decker, D. B. Faulkner, H. C. Freetly, S. L. Hansen, H. Yampara-Iquise, K. A. Johnson, S. D. Kachman, M. S. Kerley, J. Kim, D. D. Loy, E. Marques, H. L. Neibergs, E. J. Pollak, R. D. Schnabel, C. M. Seabury, D. W. Shike, W. M. Snelling, M. L. Spangler, R. L. Weaber, D. J. Garrick and J. F. Taylor. 2014. QTL, candidate genes, metabolic and signaling pathways associated with growth, metabolic mid-test weight, feed intake and feed efficiency in beef cattle. BMC Genomics. 15:1004.   Genther, O. N. and S. L. Hansen. 2015. The effect of trace mineral source and concentration on ruminal digestion and mineral solubility. J. Dairy Sci. 98:566-573.   Pogge, D. J., S. M. Lonergan, and S. L. Hansen. 2015. Impact of supplementing vitamin C for 56, 90, or 127 days on growth performance and carcass characteristics of steers fed a 0.31 or 0.59% sulfur diet. J. Anim. Sci. 93:2297–2308.   Pogge, D. J., S. M. Lonergan, and S. L. Hansen. 2015. Effects of duration of vitamin C supplementation during the finishing period on postmortem protein degradation, tenderness, and meat color of the longissimus muscle of calf-fed steers consuming a 0.31 or 0.59% sulfur diet. J. Anim. Sci. 93:2567-2575.   Genther, O. N. and S. L. Hansen. 2015. Effect of a multielement trace mineral injection prior to transit stress on inflammatory response, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 93:1767-1779.   Lundy, E. L., D. D. Loy, and S. L. Hansen. 2015.  Influence of distillers grains from a cellulosic ethanol process utilizing corn kernel fiber on nutrient digestibility of lambs and steer feedlot performance. J. Anim. Sci. 93:2265-2274.   Stokes, R. S., M. L. Van Emon, D. D. Loy, and S. L. Hansen. 2015. Assessment of algae meal as a ruminant feedstuff: Nutrient digestibility in sheep as a model species. J. Anim. Sci. 93:5386-5394.   Van Emon, M. L., D. D. Loy, and S. L. Hansen. 2015. Determining the preference, in vitro digestibility, in situ digestibility, and receiving period performance of steers fed a novel algae meal derived from heterotrophic microalgae. J. Anim. Sci. 93:3121–3129.   Lundy, E. L., B. E. Doran, E. E. Vermeer, D. D. Loy, and S. L. Hansen. 2015. Effect of corn particle size with moderate amounts of wet distillers grains in finishing diets on starch digestibility and steer performance. Prof. Anim. Sci. 31:535-542.   Gunn, P.J. and D.D. Loy.  2015, Opportunities and Challenges in a Changing Beef Industry: Results of a Statewide Needs Assessment in Iowa. J. of Extension 53:5, October 2015.   Gunn, P.J. and D.D. Loy.  2015, Response Rate and Stakeholder Attitude towards Use of Interactive Electronic Audience Response (Clickers) in Extension Programming. J. of Extension. 53, no.6, Dec. 2015   Hoffman, Travis  W., Keith E. Belk, Dale R. Woerner, J. D. Tatum, Robert J. Delmore, R. K. Peel, Stephen B. LeValley, Dustin L. Pendell, Henry N. Zerby, Lorraine F. English, Steven J. Moeller, Francis L. Fluharty. 2015. Preferences associated with American lamb quality in retail and foodservice markets. Meat Science. 112:138.   Esselburn, K. M., T. M. Hill, H. G. Bateman, F. L.  Fluharty, S. J. Moeller, K. M. O'Diam, and K. M. Daniels. 2015. Examination of weekly mammary parenchymal area by ultrasound, mammary mass, and composition in Holstein heifers reared on 1 of 3 diets from birth to 2 months of age. J. Dairy Sci. 98: 5280-5293.   McCutcheon, J. S., L. W. Morton, H. N. Zerby, S. C. Loerch, L. Miller & F. L. Fluharty 2015. Ohio Livestock Producers’ Perceptions of Producing and Marketing Grass-Based Beef and Lamb, Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 39:4, 367-390. DOI: 10.1080/21683565.2014.986598.   Maxwell, C.L., B.C. Bernhard, C.F. O’Neill, B.K. Wilson, C.G. Hixon, C.L. Haviland, A.N. Grimes, M.S. Calvo-Lorenzo, D.L. VanOverbeke, G.G. Mafi, C.J. Richards, D.L. Step, B.P. Holland, and C.R. Krehbiel. 2015. The effects of technology use in feedlot production system on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 93:1340-1349.   Wilson, B.K., D.L. Step, C.L. Maxwell, J.J. Wagner, C.J. Richards, and C.R. Krehbiel. 2015. Evaluation of multiple ancillary therapies used in combination with an antimicrobial in newly received high-risk calves treated for bovine respiratory disease. J. Anim. Sci. 93:3661-3674.   Wilson, B.K., B.P. Holland, D.L. Step, M. Jacob, D.L. VanOverbeke, C.J. Richards,  T.G. Nagaraja, and C.R. Krehbiel. 2015. Feeding wet distillers grains plus solubles with and without a direct-fed microbial to determine performance, carcass characteristics, and fecal shedding of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in feedlot heifers. J. Anim. Sci. Published online 11/2/2015.   Gunn, P. J., J. P. Schoonmaker, R. P. Lemenager*, and G. A. Bridges. 2015. Feeding distiller’s grains as an energy source to gestating and lactating beef heifers: Impact on female progeny growth, puberty attainment and reproductive processes. J. Anim. Sci. 93:746-757.   Nunez, A. J. C., T. L. Felix, S. C. Loerch, and J. P. Schoonmaker. 2015. Effect of dried distillers grains with solubles or corn in growing diets, followed by a corn-based finishing diet, on performance of feedlot cattle. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 207:267-273.   Shee, C. N., R. P. Lemenager, and J. P. Schoonmaker. 2015. Effect of condensed distillers solubles or dried distillers grains during gestation or lactation on cow performance, milk production, and pre-weaning progeny growth. Prof. Anim. Sci. 31:11-19.   Linneen, S.K., A.R. Harding, M.T. Smallwood, G.W. Horn, J.S. Jennings, C.L. Goad,      and D.L. Lalman. 2015. In vivo ruminal degradation characteristics and apparent digestibility of low quality prairie hay for steers consuming monensin and Optimase. J. Anim. Sci 93. Doi:10.2527/jas.2014-8406   Phelps, K. J., J. S. Drouillard, J. S. Jennings, B. E, Depenbusch, C. L. Van Bibber-Krueger, K. A. Miller,M. A. Vaughn, D. D. Burnett, and J. M. Gonzalez.  2015.  Effects of the Programmed Nutrition Beef Program on feedlot performance and         carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 93. doi:10.2527/jas2014-8661;   Linneen, S. K., A. L. McGee, J. R. Cole, J. S. Jennings, D. R. Stein, G. W. Horn, and D. L. Lalman.  2015.  Supplementation of monensin and Optimase to beef cows    consuming low-quality forage during late gestation and early lactation.  J. Anim.Sci. 93. doi:10.2527/jas2014-8406.   Benton, J. R., A. K. Watson, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, K. J. Vander Pol, N. F. Meyer, and M. A. Greenquist. 2015. Effects of roughage source and inclusion in beef finishing diets containing corn wet distillers grains plus solubles. J. Anim. Sci. 93:4358-4367.   Boyd, B. M., S. D. Shackelford, K. E. Hales, T. M. Brown-Brandl, M. L. Bremer, M. L. Spangler, T. L. Wheeler, D. A. King, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Effects of shade and feeding zilpaterol hydrochloride to finishing steers on performance, carcass quality, heat stress, mobility, and body temperature. J. Anim. Sci. 93:5801-5811.   Boyd, B. M., A. Jones, L. Franzen-Castle, K. Jenkins, R. Rasby, M. Luebbe, R. Stowell, S. C. Fernando, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Case Study: Producer concerns and perceptions regarding the effect of methane on cattle production and the environment: A survey of Nebraska producers. Prof. Anim. Scient. 31:601-607.   Buttrey, E.K., M.K. Luebbe, F.T. McCollum, N.A. Cole, J.C. MacDonald, and K.E. Hales. 2015. Effects of glycerin concentration in steam-flaked corn-based diets with supplemental yellow grease on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing beef steers.  J. Anim. Sci. 93:3698-3703.   Hilscher, Jr., F. H., E. M. Hussey, B. L. Nuttelman, D. B. Burken, W. A. Griffin, K. J. Vander Pol, J. P. Hutcheson, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Impact of sorting prior to feeding zilpaterol hydrochloride on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of yearling steers. J. Anim. Sci. 93:2285-2296.   Johnson, J. M., A. L. Shreck, B. L. Nuttelman, D. B. Burken, G. E. Erickson, M. J. Rincker, M. J. Cecava, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2015. Effects of twenty percent alkaline-treated corn stover without or with yucca extract on performance and nutrient mass balance of finishing steers fed modified distillers grains-based diets.. J. Anim. Sci. 93:3034-3043.   Pesta, A. C., B. L. Nuttelman, A. L. Shreck, W. A. Griffin, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2014. Finishing performance of feedlot cattle fed condensed distillers solubles. J. Anim. Sci. 93:4350-4357.   Peterson, S. J., B. L. Nuttelman, C. J. Schneider, D. B. Burken, J. C. MacDonald, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Optimum inclusion of alkaline-treated corn residue and distillers grains fed to calf-fed steers. Prof. Anim. Scient. 31:216-223.   Peterson, S. J., A. L. Shreck, B. L. Nuttelman, C. J. Schneider, D. B. Burken, C. N. Macken, W. A. Griffin, J. L. Harding, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and J. C. MacDonald. Effects of alkaline treatment and pelleting of crop residues on performance of growing calves. Prof. Anim. Scient. 31:552-558.   Peterson, S. J., B. L. Nuttelman, D. B. Burken, M. K. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, and J. C. MacDonald. 2015. Use of a pelleted corn-residue complete feed in calf receiving diets. Prof. Anim. Scient. 31:201-206.   Shreck, A. L., B. L. Nuttelman, J. L. Harding, W. A. Griffin, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and M. J. Cecava. 2015. Digestibility and performance of steers fed low-quality crop residues treated with calcium oxide to partially replace corn in distillers grains finishing diets. J. Anim. Sci. 93:661–671.   Shreck, A. L., B. L. Nuttelman, C. J. Schneider, D. B. Burken, J. L. Harding, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and M. J. Cecava. 2015. Effects of grind size when alkaline treating corn residue and impact of ratio of alkaline treated residue and distillers grains on performance of finishing cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 93:3613-3622.   Vogel, K. P., R. B. Mitchell, B. L. Waldron, M. R. Haferkamp, J. D. Berdahl, D. D. Baltensperger, G. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2015. Registration of ‘Newell’ smooth bromegrass. J. Plant Registrations 9:35-40.   Warner, J. M., K. H. Jenkins, R. J. Rasby, M. K. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2015. The effect of calf age at weaning on cow and calf performance and feed utilization by cow-calf pairs. Prof. Anim. Scient. 31:455-461.   Warner, J. M., C. J. Schneider, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and R. J. Rasby. 2015. Applying corn condensed distillers solubles to hay windrows before baling: Effects on bale temperature, nutrient composition, and growing steer-calf performance. Prof. Anim. Scient. 31:207-215.   Watson, A. K., J. C. MacDonald, G. E. Erickson, P. J. Kononoff, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2015. Optimizing the use of fibrous residues in beef and dairy diets. J. Anim. Sci. 93:2616-2625.   Wilken, M. F., J. C. MacDonald, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, C. J. Schneider, K. M. Luebbe, and S. D. Kachman. 2015. Marketing strategy influences optimum marketing date of steers in relation to corn price and days on feed. Prof. Anim. Scient. 31:224-236.   Yerka, M. K., A. Watson, G. Erickson, J. F. Pedersen, and R. Mitchell. 2015. Yield and forage value of a dual-purpose bmr-12 sorghum hybrid. Crop Sci. 55:681-687.   Proceedings and Technical Reports:   Schaefer, M.R. and D.M. Schaefer. Utilizing various levels of pelleted wheat middlings as a replacement for corn grain in a high concentrate finishing steer diet. Wis Beef Information Center, <a href="http://fyi.uwex.edu/wbic/files/2016/04/Wheat-Midds-Research-Report-4-5-2016.pdf">http://fyi.uwex.edu/wbic/files/2016/04/Wheat-Midds-Research-Report-4-5-2016.pdf</a>   Pritchard, R. H. 2015. Feeding and management for various target endpoints. Proceedings of the Northern States Beef Conf.  Morton, MN. pp 63-70.   Pritchard, R.H. 2015. Did I just do research or was it simply a feedlot show and tell? Proc of the Plains Nutrition Conf.  pp 80-86.   Pritchard, R.H. 2015. Backgrounding program recalibrations. Proc. Purina-QLF  Feedlot Seminars. pp 27-31.   Schoonmaker, J.P. 2015. Novel Feed Additives for Beef Cattle. Proceedings of the 76th Minnesota Nutrition conference. Prior Lake, MN. September 16-17, 2015. Pages 130-142.   Abstracts:   Stokes, R. S., D. D. Loy, M. L. Van Emon, and S. L. Hansen. 2015. Influence of algae meal as a replacement of corn in feedlot lamb diets on nutrient digestibility. J. Anim. Sci. 93(Suppl. 2):0418 (Abstr.) Poster; MS poster competition-1st place.   Stokes, R. S., M. L. Van Emon, D. D. Loy, and S. L. Hansen. 2015. Algae meal for ruminants I: Nutrient digestibility in finishing lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 93(Suppl. 3):347 (Abstr.)   Stokes, R. S., D. D. Loy, and S. L. Hansen. 2015. Algae meal for ruminants II: Growth and carcass characteristics of finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 93(Suppl. 3):348 (Abstr.) Stokes, R. S., D. D. Loy, M. L. Van Emon, and S. L. Hansen. 2015 Effects of increased inclusion of algae meal with differing fatty acid profiles on lamb total tract digestibility. J. Anim. Sci. 93(Suppl. 3):M427 (Abstr.)   Russell, J. R., W. J. Sexten, M. S. Kerley, and S. L. Hansen. 2015. Relationship between antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress and feed efficiency in beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 3):334. (Abstr.)   Russell, J. R., N. O. Minton, W. J. Sexten, M. S. Kerley and S. L. Hansen. 2015. Influence of feed efficiency ranking on diet digestibility and performance of beef steers.  2015 Plains Nutrition Council Spring Conference Proceedings. AREC 2015. (Abstr.)   Russell, J. R., N. O. Minton, W. J. Sexten, M. S. Kerley and S. L. Hansen. 2015. Influence of feed efficiency ranking on diet digestibility and performance of beef steers.  J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 3):393. (Abstr.) Ph.D. oral paper competition- 1st place.   Genther-Schroeder, O. N., M. E. Branine, and S. L. Hansen. 2015. The influence of supplemental Zn-amino acid complex and Optaflexx feeding duration on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing beef cattle. 93 (Suppl. 2):867. (Abstr.)   Genther-Schroeder, O. N., and S. L. Hansen. 2015. Injectable trace minerals in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 3):197. (Abstr.). Invited: ASAS Young Scholar Presentation.   Branham, Kimberly A., Jonathan E. Beever, Dan B. Faulkner, Holly L. Neibergs, Kris A.     Johnson, Christopher M. Seabury, Dorian J. Garrick, Daniel D. Loy, Stephanie L. Hansen, Harvey C. Freetly, Matt L. Spangler, Monty S. Kerley, Robert L. Weaber, Daniel, W. Shike, Robert D. Schnabel, J. E. Decker, Jerry F. Taylor, and Megan M. Rolf. 2015. Comparison of actual versus predicted feed intake phenotypes for genetic evaluation of feed efficiency in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 93, Suppl.. S3 (Abstr. 524).   Clark, C.A., G.R. Dahlke, D. L. Maxwell, S. K. Clark, M. L. Van Emon, D. D. Loy and S. L. Hansen. 2015. Treatment of mature switchgrass and cornstalks with calcium hydroxide and comparison of untreated mature switchgrass and cornstalks as roughage in beef cattle feedlot diets. J. Anim. Sci. 93, Suppl. 2 (Abstr. 357).   Lundy, E. L., D. D. Loy and S. L. Hansen. 2015. Influence of wet distillers grains produced from a novel cellulosic ethanol process utilizing corn kernel fiber on feedlot growth and carcass characteristics of steers. J. Anim. Sci. 93, Suppl. 2 (Abstr. 373).   Hoffman, Travis  W., Keith E. Belk, Dale R. Woerner, J. D. Tatum, Robert J. Delmore, R. K. Peel, Stephen B. LeValley, Dustin L. Pendell, Henry N. Zerby, Lorraine F. English, Steven J. Moeller, Francis L. Fluharty. 2015. Preferences associated with American lamb quality in retail and foodservice markets. Meat Science. 112:138.   Kawas-Garza J.R., R. Alvarado-Avila, M. A. Gorocica-Buenfil, and F. L. Fluharty. 2015. Effects of including virginiamycin in feedlot diets containing monensin under commercial conditions in Mexico. Journal of Animal Science. ASAS Annual Meetings, Orlando, FL. (Abstract No. T353).   McCutcheon, J.S., D.D. Clevenger, G.D. Lowe, F.L. Fluharty. 2015. Comparison of delayed weaning and mineral form on lamb growth and parasitism. Journal of Animal Science. ASAS Annual Meetings, Orlando, FL. (In Press).   McCutcheon, J. S., and F. L. Fluharty. 2015. Ewe Preference for Giant Ragweed and Lambs Quarter Based on Cafeteria Trial. Annual Meeting, American Forage & Grasslands Council Annual Meeting. St. Louis, MO.   McCutcheon, J. S., S.C. Loerch, H.N. Zerby and F.L.Fluharty. 2015. Warm Season Forages for Lamb Grazing. Annual Meeting, American Forage & Grasslands Council Annual Meeting. St. Louis, MO.   McCutcheon, J. S., H.N. Zerby, S.C. Loerch, F.L. Fluharty. 2015.  Three Summer Forage Finishing Systems Effect on Lamb Growth and Carcass Characteristics. Journal of Animal Science. Midwest Meetings.   McCutcheon, J.S.,  L.W. Morton, H.N. Zerby, S.C. Loerch, L. Miller, F.L. Fluharty.  2015. Factors Affecting the Adoption of Grazing Systems and Grass-Based Management by Beef and Sheep Producers in Ohio. Journal of Animal Science. Midwest Meetings.   Gifford, C.A., J.L. Chase, J. Hernandez Gifford, B.K. Wilson, B.I. Gomez, D.L. Step, M.A. Montelongo, A.W. Confer, C.R. Krehbiel, and C.J. Richards. 2015. Type I interferon response in calves experimentally infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1b and Mannheimia haemolytica. J. Anim. Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 2):148.   Haviland, C.L., B.C. Bernhard, C.L. Maxwell, B.K. Wilson, D.L. Step, C.R. Krehbiel, and C. J. Richards. 2015. Comparison of heat stress mitigation techniques and production systems used in feedlot cattle. Plains Nutr. Council Spring Conf. Publ. p. 113. Texas A&M Research and Extension Center, Amarillo.   Redden, M.D., J.R. Cole, A.L. McGee, C.L. Bayliff, C.R. Krehbiel, G.W. Horn, C.J. Richards, and D.L. Lalman. 2015. Effects of an intensified, semi-confinement cow/calf production system on feedlot performance of growing and finishing steers. Plains Nutr. Council Spring Conf. Publ. p. 123. Texas A&M Research and Extension Center, Amarillo.   Place, S.E., M.S. Calvo-Lorenzo, C.R. Krehbiel, C.J. Richards, D.L. Step1, K. Allwardt, C. Haviland, E.A. Andreini, J. Reed, A. Grimes, A. Broocks, J. Lyles, K. Larrabee, K. Branham, and M.M. Rolf. 2015. Associations between animal performance measures and rumen pH of growing feedlot steers in drought simulated conditions. J. Anim. Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 2):337.   C.R. Krehbiel, C.L. Maxwell, B.C. Bernhard, B.K. Wilson, C.L. Haviland, M.S. Calvo-Lorenzo, S.E. Place, D.L. VanOverbeke, G.G. Mafi, C.J. Richards, and D.L. Step. 2015. Can we produce more with less? A critical look at technology in the feedlot sector. J. Anim. Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 2):513.   Talley, J., J. Scasta, J. Payne, T. Dubie, C. Richards, M. Rolf, and B. Noden. 2015. Cross-disciplinary dialog between animal scientists, rangeland ecologists and veterinary entomologists leads to novel control practices of external parasites in beef systems. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Nov. 15-18. Minneapolis, MN.    Carvalho, J. R. R., K. M. Brennan, and J. P. Schoonmaker. 2015. Effect of supplementing feedlot steers with DHA-rich microalgae meal on performance, insulin sensitivity, and meat quality. J. Anim. Sci. 93(Suppl. 2):152.   Muegge, C. R. and J. P. Schoonmaker. 2015. Effect of the addition of calcium oxide in soybean hull and non-soybean hull based beef diets on feedlot performance and carcass characterstics. J. Anim. Sci. 93(Suppl. 2):92.   Muegge, C. R., K. M. Brennan, R. P. Lemenager, and J. P. Schoonmaker. 2015. Effect of inorganic or organic selenium supplementation during gestation and lactation on feedlot performance of steer progeny. J. Anim. Sci. 93(Suppl. 2):168.   A.L. Shreck, N. D. Aluthge, J. S. Jennings, S.C. Fernando, and N.A. Cole.  Effect of protein supplementation of low-quality forage diets on enteric methane production and ruminal microbial community structure of beef steers.  Presented at ASAS JAM 2015   <ol> <li>L. Shreck, P. J. Ebert, J. S. Jennings, N. A. Cole, and E. A. Bailey. Effect of altered nitrogen excretion by condensed tannin supplement on steer energy losses. Presented at ASAS JAM 2015</li> </ol>   <ol> <li>J. Ebert, A. L. Shreck, J. S. Jennings, N. A. Cole, and E. A. Bailey. Effect of condensed tannin extract supplementation on beef cattle performance and nitrogen balance II:Finishing phase.  Presented at ASAS JAM 2015</li> </ol>   A.L. Shreck, P. Ebert, E.A. Bailey, J. S. Jennings, K.D. Casey, and N.A. Cole.  Effects of supplementation to steers consuming green chopped wheat pasture on energy losses and nitrogen balance.  Presented at ASAS JAM 2015   <ol> <li>L. Roberts, N. D. May, C. L. Brauer, W. W. Gentry, C. P. Weiss, J. S. Jennings, and J. T. Richeson. Effect of injectable trace mineral administration on health, performance and vaccine response of newly received beef cattle. Presented at ASAS JAM 2015 and Plains Nutrition Council 2015 Spring Conference</li> </ol>   <ol> <li>J. Walter, N. A. Cole, J. S. Jennings, J. P. Hutcheson, B. E. Meyer, A. N. Schmitz, D. D. Reed and T. E. Lawrence. The effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation on energy metabolism of steers at maintenance and fasting intake levels. Presented at ASAS JAM 2015</li> </ol>   <ol> <li>J. Walter, N. A. Cole, J. S. Jennings, J. P. Hutcheson, B. E. Meyer, A. N. Schmitz, D. D. Reed and T. E. Lawrence. The effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation on apparent nutrient digestibility and carbon-nitrogen retention of steers fed at maintenance intake. Presented at ASAS JAM 2015</li> </ol>   <ol> <li>J. Walter, N. A. Cole, J. S. Jennings, J. P. Hutcheson, B. E. Meyer, A. N. Schmitz, D. D. Reed and T. E. Lawrence. The effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation on gain efficiency, harvest yields and carcass grading of steers fed a maintenance intake. Presented at ASAS JAM 2015</li> </ol>   Erickson, G. E., S. C. Fernando, T. J. Klopfenstein, A. K. Watson, J. C. MacDonald, A. C. Pesta, A. L. Knoell, and H. Paz. 2015. Greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen cycling from beef production systems: Effects of climate, season, production system, and diet. J. Anim. Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 2):865(Abstr.)   Anderson, C., G. Erickson, and S. Fernando. 2015. What roles do viruses play in the rumen? J. Anim. Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 2):487(Abstr.).   Boyd, B. M., S. D. Shackelford, K. E. Hales, T. M. Brown-Brandl, M. L. Bremer, M. L. Spangler, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Effects of shade and feeding zilpaterol hydrochloride to finishing steers on performance, carcass quality, mobility, and body temperature. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 2):89 (Abstr.)   Bremer, M. L., R. A. Oglesbee, K. L. Gillespie, G. E. Erickson, J. C. MacDonald, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2015. University of Nebraska-Lincoln feedyard management internship interest survey. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 2):160 (Abstr.)   Buntyn, J. O., N. C. Burdick Sanchez, T. B. Schmidt, S. E. Sieren, G. E. Erickson, S. J. Jones, and J. A. Carroll. 2015. Evaluation of the effects of zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation on catecholamine response and other blood metabolites following a combined corticotropin releasing hormone and vasopressin challenge. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 2):37 (Abstr.)   Carlson, Z. E., C. J. Bittner, D. B. Burken, G. E. Erickson, and J. C. MacDonald. 2015. Modifying different components of distillers grains and the impact on feedlot performance. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 2):94 (Abstr.)   Conroy, B. B., J. A. Hansen, G. E. Erickson, and M. K. Luebbe. 2015. Impact of feeding distillers grains or isolated components in distillers grains on feedlot performance and carcass traits. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 2):94 (Abstr.)   Drewnoski, M. E., J. C. MacDonald, G. E. Erickson, K. Hanford, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2015. Long term effect of corn residue grazing on crop yields. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 2):24 (Abstr.)   Fulton, J.O., K.C. Olsen, J.J. Kincheloe, A.A. Harty, M.K. Luebbe, K.R. Underwood, S.M. Scramlin, and A.D. Blair. 2014. Effects of zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and production economics of steers differing in biological type. J. Anim. Sci. (E-Suppl. 2): 65:165 (Abstr.).   Gardine, S. E., D. B. Burken, J. L. Harding, M. J. Jolly-Briethaupt, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, J. C. MacDonald, and B. L. Nuttelman. Digestibility in steers fed modified distiller grains with solubles and corn silage to partially replace corn in finishing diets. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 2):178 (Abstr.)   Harding, J. L., J. C. MacDonald, C. J. Bittner, G. E. Erickson, and D. B. Burken. 2015. Effects of replacing corn with a pellet consisting of treated corn stover and distillers byproducts on performance of finishing cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 2):93 (Abstr.)   Harding, J. L., C. J. Bittner, D. B. Burken, G. E. Erickson, and J. C. MacDonald. 2015. Effects of feeding a complete pelleted feed consisting of treated corn stover and distillers byproducts on total tract digestion and performance of growing cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 2):120(Abstr.).   Jose Neto, A., E. Garbin Sgobi, G. Fiorentini, E. A. Oliveira, L. F. Prados, G. E. Erickson, and T. T. Berchielli. 2015. Effect of crude glycerin and soybean oil on intake and digestibility of Nellore bulls. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 2):160 (Abstr.)   Klosterman, M., N. D. Aluthge, C. L. Anderson, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and S. C. Fernando. 2015. Characterization of microbial community structure during Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) shedding in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 2):179 (Abstr.)   Knoell, A. L., C. L. Anderson, A. C. Pesta, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and S. C. Fernando. 2015. Understanding interactions between diet, methane emissions and microbial community composition in growing and finishing beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 2):171 (Abstr.)   Muller, M., N. D. Aluthge, C. L. Anderson, A. L. Knoell, C. J. Bittner, G. E. Erickson, and S. C. Fernando. 2015. Characterization of microbial community structure during Salmonella shedding in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 2):200 (Abstr.)   Neto, A. J., C. J. Bittner, G. E. Erickson, and B. L. Nuttelman. 2015. Effect of Safeguard on fecal egg count and performance in received beef calves.  J. Anim. Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 2):23(Abstr.).   Ovinge, L. A., J. O. Sarturi, R. A. Stock, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2015. Behavioral evaluation when using wet corn gluten feed or wet distillers grains plus solubles to adapt cattle to finishing diets. J. Anim. Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 2):884(Abstr.).   Pesta, A. C., R. G. Bondurant, S. C. Fernando, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Impact of dietary nitrate and sulfate on methane to carbon dioxide ratio and performance of finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 2):95 (Abstr.)   Pesta, A. C., M. L. Jolly, P. J. Kononoff, S. C. Fernando, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Methane production and diet digestibility by growing cattle fed high- or low-quality forage. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 2):96 (Abstr.)   Prados, L. F., G. E. Erickson, N. Aluthge, S. C. Fernando, C. J. Bittner, and F. H. Hilscher. 2015. Effect of direct-fed microbial supplementation and different diets on performance and carcass characteristics in beef feedlot heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 2):771(Abstr.).   Prados, L. F., B. Silva, H. M. Alhadas, M. P. Rodrigues, A. C. O., Lopes, D. F. T. Sathler, P. M. Amaral, L. D. S. Mariz, S. C. Valadares Filho, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Effect of reducing dietary calcium, phosphorus and trace minerals on intake and performance of finishing Nellore bulls. J. Anim. Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 2):772(Abstr.).   Row, C. A., C. J. Bittner, J. L. Harding, D. B. Burken, J. C. MacDonald, T. J. Klopfenstein, A. Aguilar, R. Schmidt, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Effect of bacterial inoculation on feedlot performance with or withou the addition of yeast product. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 2):90 (Abstr.)   Sudbeck, K. M., G. E. Erickson, M. K. Luebbe, K. H. Jenkins, R. G. Bondurant, T. Wistuba, K. DeHaan, and J. C. MacDonald. 2015. Effects of supplementation of OmniGen-AF and ractopamine hydrochloride on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 2):89 (Abstr.)   Tran, H., W. Weiss, G. Erickson, and P. Miller. 2015. Identification and removal of outliers in feed databases for beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 2):442(Abstr.).   Updike, J. J., A. C. Pesta, R. G. Bondurant, S. C. Fernando, G. E. Erickson, J. C. MacDonald, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2015. Effect of corn residue harvest method and monensin inclusion on performance of growing cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 2):92 (Abstr.)   Warner, J. M., K. H. Jenkins, R. J. Rasby, M. K. Luebbe, D. R. Smith, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2015. Herd health observations in an intensively managed cow-calf production system. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 2):110 (Abstr.)   Watson, A. K., T. McEvers, M. J. Hersom, M. P. McCurdy, L. J. Walter, N. D. May, J. A. Reed, N. A. Cole, K. E. Hales, G. W. Horn, J. P. Hutcheson, T. J. Klopfenstein, C. R. Krehbiel, T. Lawrence, J. C. MacDonald, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Effect of production system on mineral retention within serially slaughtered cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 2):87 (Abstr.)   Watson, A. K., M. K. Luebbe, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Starch inclusion in beef cattle finishing diets. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 2):91 (Abstr.)   Watson, A. K., G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2015. Anaerobic digestion of high-ash, open-lot beef cattle manure. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 2):144 (Abstr.)   Watson, A. K., T. J. Klopfenstein, V. A. Wilkerson, G. E. Erickson, and J. C. MacDonald. 2015. Comparison of methods to calculate metabolizable protein requirements of growing beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 2):882(Abstr.).   Welchons, C. A., C. J. Bittner, D. B. Burken, J. C. MacDonald, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Effect of pelleted byproducts on performance when fed to growing cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 93 (Suppl. 2):93 (Abstr.)     Experiment Station Publications:   Stokes, R. S., M. L. Van Emon, D. D. Loy, and S. L. Hansen. 2015. Effects of increasing inclusion of algae meal on lamb total tract digestibility. Iowa State University Animal Industry Report: 3003.   Russell, J. R., and S. L. Hansen. 2015. Influence of Feed Efficiency Ranking on Diet Digestibility and Performance of Beef Steers. Iowa State University Animal Industry Report:2960.   Lundy, E. L., D. D. Loy, and S. L. Hansen. 2015. Influence of Distillers Grains from a Cellulosic Ethanol Process Utilizing Corn Kernel Fiber on Nutrient Digestibility of Lambs and Steer Feedlot Performance. Iowa State University Animal Industry Report: 2951.   Dahlke, G. D.D. Loy, S. L. Hansen, S. Clark, M. Van Emon, and C. A. Clark. 2015. Effect of Calcium Hydroxide Treatment on Switch Grass. Iowa State University Animal Industry Report: 2943.   Clark, C. A., G. Dahlke, D. Maxwell, D.D. Loy, S. Clark, M. Van Emon, and S. L. Hansen. 2015. Comparison of Untreated Mature Switchgrass and Cornstalks as Roughage in Beef Cattle Feedlot Diets. Iowa State University Animal Industry Report: 2953.   Genther-Schroeder, O. N., C. Clark, and S. L. Hansen. 2015. Effect of Trace Mineral Injection and Optaflexx on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Cattle. Iowa State University Animal Industry Report: 2961.   Lundy, E. L., B. E. Doran, E. Vermeer, D. D. Loy, and S. L. Hansen. 2015. Influence of Corn Particle Size on Steer Performance and Carcass Characteristics When Fed Diets with Moderate Inclusions of Wet Distillers Grains plus Solubles. Iowa State University Animal Industry Report: 2959.   Garland R. Dahlke, Daniel D. Loy, Stephanie L. Hansen, Stephanie Clark, Megan Van Emon, and Christopher A. Clark.  2015.  Effect of calcium hydroxide on switchgrass.  Iowa State Univ. Anim. Industry Rep. ASL-R2943.   Gunn, Patrick and Dan Loy.  2015.  Opportunities and challenges in a changing beef industry: results of statewide needs assessment in Iowa.  Iowa State Univ. Anim. Industry Rep. ASL-R2946.   Patrick J. Gunn, Daniel D. Loy, Grant A. Dewell, Christopher A. Clark, Beth E. Doran, Russell M. Euken, Denise L. Schwab, Joe Sellers, and Patrick B. Wall. 2015.  Response rate and stakeholder attitude towards use of interactive electronic audience response (clickers) in beef extension programming. Iowa State Univ. Anim. Industry Rep. ASL-R2947.   Pritchard, R.H., A.R. Taylor and H. Blalock. 2015. Effectiveness of high inclusion liquid feed for finishing steers. SD Ag Exp Sta Report BEEF 2015-07 pp 32-39.   Pritchard, R.H., A.R. Taylor, S.M. Holt, K.W. Bruns, and H.M. Blalock. 2015. Time    of suckling implant influences on weaning weight, post-weaning performance, and carcass traits in steer calves.  SD Ag Exp Sta Report BEEF 2015-08 pp 40-45.   Lalman, D., and C. Richards. 2015. Beef Cattle Manual Chapter 16: Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. In Press. Seventh Edition.   Richards, C., and D. Lalman. 2015. Beef Cattle Manual Chapter 17: Nutritive Value of Feeds. In Press. Seventh Edition.   Ward, E. D. Zook, D. Lalman, and C. Richards. 2015. Beef Cattle Manual Chapter 18: Alternative Feeds. In Press. Seventh Edition.   Mourer, G., R. Fulton, G. Rezabeck, C. Richards, and B. Whitworth. 2015.Managing Persistently Infected Bovine Diarrhea Virus in Beef Cattle (PI-BVDV). ANSI-3355.   Lalman, D., and C. Richards. 2015. How to Estimate the Value of Supplementing Grazing Stocker Cattle. ANSI-3253.   Richards, C., and D. Lalman. 2015. Program to Estimate Feedlot Cost of Gain. ANSI-304.   Richards, C., and D. Lalman. 2015. Limit Feeding Light-Weight Cattle High Nutrient Density Diets: Programmed Feeding for Calves. ANSI-3025.   Richards, C., and D. Lalman. 2015. Spreadsheet for Evaluating Preconditioning Programs for Weaned Calves. ANSI-3277.   Ahern, N. A., B. L. Nuttelman, T. J. Klopfenstein, J. C. MacDonald, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Comparison of wet or dry distillers grains plus solubles to corn as an energy source in forage-based diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:34-35.   Bittner, C. J., D. B. Burken, A. L. Shreck, J. C. MacDonald, G. E. Erickson, and N. A. Pyatt. 2015. Effect of 300 or 400 mg daily of ractopamine hydrochloride on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing steers during the last 14, 28, or 42 days. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:90-93.   Bittner, C. J., G. E. Erickson, K. H. Jenkins, M. K. Luebbe, M. A. Andersen, and G. I. Zanton. 2015. Effects of Next Enhance concentrations in finishing diets on performance and carcass characteristics of yearling feedlot cattle. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:101-102.   Bremer, M. L., S. J. Peterson, A. L. Shreck, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and J. C. MacDonald. 2015. Digestibility of de-oiled modified distillers grains plus solubles in forage-based diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:40-41.   Bremer, M. L., C. J. Bittner, D. B. Burken, G. E. Erickson, and J. C. MacDonald. 2015. Response to increasing concentrations of de-oiled modified distillers grains plus solubles in beef feedlot diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:74-76.   Bremer, M. L., M. E. Harris, J. A. Hansen, K. H. Jenkins, M. K. Luebbe, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Feeding value of de-oiled wet distillers grains plus solubles relative to normal when fed with either dry-rolled corn or steam-flaked corn in beef finishing diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:77-79.   Burken, D. B., B. L. Nuttelman, C. J. Bittner, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Feeding elevated levels of corn silage and MDGS in finishing diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:66-67.   Burken, D. B., T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. The effects of corn price, shrink, and harvest moisture on corn silage economics. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:68-70.   Burken, D. B., S. E. Gardine, J. L. Harding, M. L. Jolly-Breithaupt, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Evaluation of rumen metabolism and digestibility of corn silage and MDGS finishing diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:71-73.   Drewnoski, M. E., L. A. Stalker, J. C. MacDonald, G. E. Erickson, K. J. Hanford, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2015. Effect of corn residue removal on subsequent crop yields. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:53-55.   Harding, J. L., C. J. Bittner, D. B. Burken, G. E. Erickson, and J. C. MacDonald. 2015. Effects of processing treated corn stover and distillers grains on performance of growing cattle. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:36-37.   Harding, J. L., M. L. Jolly-Breithaupt, G. E. Erickson, and J. C. MacDonald. 2015. Effects of replacing corn with a pelleted treated corn stover and distillers grains on intake and total tract digestibility of finishing diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:83-85.   Harding, J. L., C. J. Bittner, D. B. Burken, G. E. Erickson, and J. C. MacDonald. 2015. Effects of replacing corn with a pelleted treated corn stover and distillers grains on performance of finishing cattle. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:86-87.   Harding, J. L., A. L. Shreck, M. L. Jolly-Breithaupt, G. E. Erickson, and J. C. MacDonald. 2015. Using Enspira to improve fiber digestion. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:88-89.   Harris, M. E., G. E. Erickson, K. H. Jenkins, and M. K. Luebbe. 2015. Evaluating two rates of monensin fed during the grain adaptation period on cattle performance and carcass characteristics. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:103-104.   Hilscher, F. H., G. E. Erickson, M. N. Streeter, R. J. Cooper, B. D. Dicke, D. J. Jordon, and T. L. Scott. 2015. Effects of three aggressive implant protocols on feedlot performance and carcass traits of calf-fed steers. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:94-95.   Hilscher, F. H., G. E. Erickson, S. B. Laudert, R. J. Cooper, B. D. Dicke, D. J. Jordon, and T. L. Scott. 2015. Effect of zinc and copper source on finishing steer feedlot performance and incidence of footrot. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:98-100.   Jenkins, K.H., M.K. Luebbe, and T.J. Klopfenstein. 2015. Using sugar beet pulp to replace wheat straw when limit feeding late gestation beef cows.  Nebraska Beef Report pp. 12-13.   Jenkins, K.H., J.A. Hansen, and M.K. Luebbe. 2015. Efficacy of Bovatec 2.2 mineral blocks for cattle grazing crested wheatgrass pastures. Nebraska Beef Report pp. 30-31.   Jolly-Breithaupt, M. L., A. L. Shreck, J. L. Harding, J. C. MacDonald, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Nutrient digestibility and ruminal pH of finishing diets containing dry milling byproducts with and without oil extraction. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:80-82.   Jones, M., J. C. MacDonald, G. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and R. Bondurant. 2015. Dried distillers grains supplementation of calves grazing irrigated corn residue. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:25-26.   Jones, M., J. C. MacDonald, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, K. R. Brooks, D. B. Burken, R. Bondurant, and A. K. Watson. 2015. Comparison of commercial lick tubs to distillers grains supplementation for calves grazing corn residue. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:27-29.   Jones, M., J. C. MacDonald, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, K. Glewen, and A. K. Watson. 2015. Evaluation of changes in nutritional quality of corn residue over time. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:59-61.   Knoell, A. L., C. L. Anderson, A. C. Pesta, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and S. C. Fernando. 2015. Effect of diet on the rumen microbial community composition of growing cattle and the role it plays in methane emissions. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:45-47.   Pesta, A. C., A. K. Watson, R. G. Bondurant, S. C. Fernando, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Effects of dietary fat source and monensin on methane emissions, VFA profile, and performance of finishing steers. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:105-107.   Peterson, S. J., M. L. Bremer, A. L. Shreck, J. C. MacDonald, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Digestibility of calcium oxide treated corn residue with de-oiled distillers grains. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:38-39.   Row, C. A., A. L. Shreck, R. G. Bondurant, C. J. Bittner, J. L. Harding, J. C. MacDonald, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Effect of corn plant maturity on yield and nutrient quality of corn plants. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:56-58.   Updike, J. J., A. C. Pesta, R. G. Bondurant, J. C. MacDonald, S. Fernando, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2015. Evaluation of the impact of an alternative corn residue harvest method on performance and methane emissions from growing cattle. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:42-44.   Warner, J. M., A. J. Doerr, G. E. Erickson, R. J. Rasby, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2015. Supplementing cow-calf pairs grazing smooth bromegrass. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:14-15   Warner, J. M., C. J. Bittner, K. H. Jenkins, R. J. Rasby, M. K. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2015. Effects of calf age at weaning on cow and calf performance and feed utilization in an intensive production system. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:16-18.   Warner, J. M., C. J. Bittner, K. H. Jenkins, R. J. Rasby, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Effect of post-weaning management and age at weaning on calf growing and finishing performance. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:22-24.   Watson, A. K., J. L. Harding, M. P. McCurdy, M. J. Hersom, K. E. Hales, C. R. Krehbiel, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Mineral composition of beef cattle carcasses. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:108-110   Watson, A. K., T. J. McEvers, L. J. Walter, N. D. May, J. A. Reed, N. A. Cole, T. E. Lawrence, J. C. MacDonald, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Mineral composition of serial slaughter Holstein carcasses. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:111-114.   Watson, A. K., A. L. Shreck, A. M. Schmidt, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2015. Anaerobic digestion of feedlot manure. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP101:115-116.

Impact Statements

4. Beef production continues to increase and hot carcass weights are linearly increasing due in large part to growth and efficiency enhancing technologies discovered and/or evaluated by this committee. Discoveries by members of this committee have contributed to an abundance of affordable, safe, high quality, and sustainable beef supply.

Date of Annual Report: 09/27/2017

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 05/16/2017 - 05/18/2017
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2016 - 09/30/2017

Participants

Alfredo DiCostanzo (dicos001@umn.edu) - Univ. of Minnesota; Stephanie Hansen (slhansen@iastate.edu) - Iowa State Univ.; Steve Rust (rust@msu.edu) - Michigan State Univ.; Jon Schoonmaker (jschoonm@purdue.edu) - Purdue Univ.; Kendall Swanson (kendall.swanson@ndsu.edu) - North Dakota State Univ. - Jenny Jennings (Jenny.Jennings@ag.tamu.edu) - Texas A&M AgriLife Research; John Wagner (john.wagner@colostate.edu_ - Colorado State Univ.; Chris Richards (chris.richards@okstate.edu) - Oklahoma State Univ.; Tara Felix (tfelix@psu.edu) - Pennsylvania State Univ.; Alejandro Relling (relling.1@osu.edu) - Ohio State Univ.;
Josh McCann (jcmccan2@illinois.edu) - University of Illinois

Guests

Marc Bauer, North Dakota State Univ.; Alison Ward, North Dakota State Univ.; Greg Lardy, North Dakota State Univ.; Gerald Stokka, North Dakota State Univ.; James Gaspers, North Dakota State Univ.; Leonardo Sitorski, North Dakota State Univ.; Ananda Fontoura, North Dakota State Univ.; Jessica Reiners, North Dakota State Univ.; Kacey McCarthy, North Dakota State Univ.; Travis Hoffman, North Dakota State Univ.; Kendall Samuelson, Texas A&M AgriLife Research; Erin Deters, Iowa State University

Brief Summary of Minutes

Tuesday, May 16^th - General gathering and introduction of new members and guests. Review committee meeting agenda and discuss priority areas. Wednesday, May 17^th – Met at North Dakota State University Hultz Hall. Welcome by Greg Lardy, department head. Then members and guests were introduced. It was agreed that next year’s meeting would be held at Colorado State University and hosted by John Wagner. A brief discuss also took place about writing next years renewal of the project. It was agreed that Jenny Jennings would head up this process with assistance from John Wagner and Alfredo Docostanzo. The Administrative report was given by John Lawrence by speaker phone. Among other things, a discussion of the timeline of the renewal of the project was discussed. The NIFA report was given by Steve Smith by conference call. Steve gave an update on NIFA programs and a discussion was had on how applied finishing cattle research might fit into NIFA programming. A discussion was had that members of the committee would be willing to serve on future NIFA grant panels. Experiment Station Reports were given over the 2-day meeting. Late morning guest from North Dakota State University, Marc Bauer and Alison Ward, discussed current research on temperature effects on intake and vitamin A effects on marbling, respectively. Toured North Dakota State University cattle facilities in the afternoon. Thursday, May 18^th – Continued Experiment Station Reports in the morning.

Accomplishments

Accomplishments:   Short-term Outcomes:    General:   Members of the NCCC308 committee achieved goals that address nutrition and management issues related to performance, carcass value, and environmental sustainability of beef finishing cattle operations.  This year 12 members of the committee met to share research ideas and discuss research results as related to the committee’s overall goals to work together to assist in sustaining and improving the finishing cattle industry.  Written and oral reports were provided by committee members to allow for the integration and reporting of the overall committee’s outcomes, outputs, activities, milestones, and impacts.  In addition to committee member participation, other scientists and graduate students participated to allow for learning about current and future research ideas and to allow participation of students that will become future scientists and leaders in the industry.     Objective 1.  Enhance the utilization of C from energy feeds to compete in an energy economy and improve national food security. Ethanol plants are modifying their production to extract more oil, protein and fiber for use in other industries which changes the nutrient content and energy value.  When ethanol and other biofuel byproducts are fed, the particle size or intensity of processing method may be adjusted to improve energy utilization.  Additionally, improved approaches are being developed to adapt cattle to high-concentrate diets containing distillers grains.  Corn stalks and other low quality residues are abundant and new processes or treatments are being examined (eg. Collaborative research between U of MN, Univ of Ill. And Penn State Univ) as well as effects of storage.  Objective 2. To enhance the environmental sustainability of the feedlot industry through conservation and nutrient management. Research has been conducted to better understand the factors influencing feed efficiency in growing and finishing cattle.  This work could result in improved approaches for selecting efficient phenotypes which would also reduce the environmental impact of beef production.  Feed additives that potentially influence nitrogen losses during manure storage also are being examined.  Objective 3. To enhance the production efficiency and quality of feedlot cattle through management strategies and technologies. The impact of maternal nutrition on fetal development and subsequent performance of progeny in the feedlot has continued to be examined.  A topic that was discussed in the 2016 meeting was the potential use of alternatives to antibiotics to reduce the incidence of liver abscesses.  From this discussion research was developed to study additives such as essential oils for this purpose. Research also has continued on mineral requirements with emphasis both during receiving as related to health status and during the entire finishing period.  Research also has continued on other additives such as phytase, yeast products, and ractopamine, the effect of growth promoting implant strategy, as well as forage source.   Outputs Committee members gave 42 presentations to stakeholders in state, regional, national and international meetings. The presentations included webinars, cattle producer meetings, and scientific meetings across the US. Findings associated with NCCC308 Objectives were presented. Members of the committee published 27 refereed journal articles, 42 reports and technical reports, and 35 abstracts on project objectives. These outputs were communicated to academia, beef producers, feed industries, pharmaceutical industries, and consulting nutritionists and veterinarians. Activities Objective 1.  Enhance the utilization of C from energy feeds to compete in an energy economy and improve national food security. Based on research from University of Illinois/Pennsylvania State University, the way that residues are harvested and whether or not they are treated, affects how digestible they are and cattle performance when they are fed. Variations in performance and volatility of both the corn and cattle markets are all factors that affect what cattle producers can afford to pay for corn stover. Collaborations with MN have demonstrated that, while corn crop residue treatments had variable and sometimes negligible effects on economics, the use of corn crop residues during the growing phase was the most economically advantageous system. While corn stover gives us one more option to consider, the value to the whole system must be considered Oklahoma State University has demonstrated that supplementation of Cu, Mn, and Zn prior to feedlot entry can improve the Cu and Mn status within the liver and serum of calves. Improved mineral status can play a substantial role in improving the ability of calves to mount an effective immunological response to stressors that are involved in the BRD complex. Furthermore, they determined that some of the negative carcass characteristics commonly associated with calves that required multiple treatments for BRD after arrival at the feedlot, can be compensated for by allowing them to remain on feed until they reach a similar endpoint as their untreated cohorts. Based on research from Michigan State University, corn stover bales harvested at lower moisture (35% vs. 45% moisture) are a better option for cattle feed due to improved nutrient quality and better preservation in storage.  Results also indicated that low moisture bales maintain better and have the best results for ethanol production including higher sugar content, higher ethanol yields and lower ash. Objective 2. To enhance the environmental sustainability of the feedlot industry through conservation and nutrient management. Research from Michigan State University indicated that feeding an additive designed to reduce N losses from stored manure did not statistically influence growth performance in finishing cattle but resulted in a numerical 7.5% increased nitrogen capture within the manure.   Research from Iowa State University indicated that zinc supplementation results in improved N retention. Objective 3. To enhance the production efficiency and quality of feedlot cattle through management strategies and technologies. Based on research at the University of Illinois, adapting cattle to a finishing diet can be done be without hay provided a low level of silage inclusion and may increase cattle growth by up to 6%. Based on research from Purdue University, inclusion of an essential oil blend or tylosin in the diet of finishing feedlot steers did not affect growth performance, carcass characteristics, or incidence of liver abscesses of feedlot steers, a hydrolyzed yeast prebiotic improved markers of health and metabolic status of immune challenged cattle, but did not result in quantifiable improvements in feedlot steer performance, and elevated protein and/or fat in maternal beef cow diets during late gestation and early lactation had no long-term impacts on feedlot performance of male progeny. Based on research from the University of Illinois/Pennsylvania University, there appears to be no demonstrated efficacy of including phytase in beef cattle diets. Based on research from Ohio State University, nutrient composition or feeding time resulted in little difference on performance or carcass characteristics in finishing cattle fed whole-corn grain-based diets. Based on research from Iowa State University, dietary zinc has minimal effect on rumen histology, but may influence tight junction protein and znt1 expression in ruminants fed a high grain diet,  feeding a yeast fermentation product may result in reduced oxidative stress and better ability to respond to a vaccination challenge,  that regardless of dietary antagonists, injectable  and dietary supplementation of inorganic minerals repleted Cu and Se rapidly, while similar repletion took 28 d and 42 d for the diets containing inorganic or a blend of inorganic and organic mineral sources, dietary Zn supplementation did not affect cattle performance in response to a mild acidosis challenge, and  NRC TM recommendations might not be adequate for finishing beef steers, irrespective of hormone implant administration.   Milestones The committees milestones are a result from the interaction and collaboration that is generated at our annual meetings in four major areas: 1) determining effective uses of processing or alkali treatment of low quality residues in diets with distillers grains, 2) increasing our understanding of the effects of novel technology or management to improve performance, beef quality and animal welfare, 3) continuing to increase a database that allows us to predict the energy value of byproducts produced using different production methods at the ethanol plant, and 4) determining appropriate mineral concentrations to reduce the impact on the environment.  Although the committee continues to study the effects of feeding byproducts such as distillers grains and corn stover to cattle as suggested by the results under objective 1, the research direction has seen a shift in focus to examining in more detail other factors and feed additives that could influence growth performance and efficiency as suggested by the results under objective 3.  Members of the committee are devoting more emphasis to develop and test new approaches to improve performance, animal health, and carcass characteristics.  Feeding essential oils, direct fed microbials, and supplemental minerals/vitamins have been studied in the past year.  This is especially important as the regulatory environment could result in increased regulation for use of antibiotics and other feed additives.  The results obtained by different committee members suggest that there may be potential in using essential oils and direct-fed microbials or products to improve performance although the results are not consistent.  Continuing to study alternative approaches for improving production efficiency and sustainability will continue to be an important research topic of this committee.

Publications

<table width="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="642"> Ebert P. J., J. S. Jennings, A. L. Shreck, N. A. Cole, and E. A. Bailey.  2016.  Effect of corn-based supplementation on gas emissions, performance, and energetic losses of steers grazing wheat pasture.  Proceedings paper and presentation, Western Section, ASAS   Ebert, P. J.,  A. L. Shreck, J. S. Jennings, N. A. Cole, and E. A. Bailey. 2015. Effect of condensed tannin extract supplementation on beef cattle performance and nitrogen balance II: Finishing phase.  ASAS Joint Annual Meeting.   Felix, T. 27th Annual Fl. Ruminant Nutrition Symposium. Gainesville, Fl. “Alternative feeds for beef cattle”. February 17, 2016.   </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="642"> Felix, T. 77th Annual Minnesota Nutrition Conference, Minneapolis, MN. “Value consideration in variable corn residue scenarios”. September 22, 2016. </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="642"> Felix, T. XXI Curso: Novos Enfoques na Produção e Reprodução de Bovinos. Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. “Utilization of corn stover for beef cattle”. March 23, 2017.   Gentry, W.W., C.P. Weiss, C.M. Meredith, C.L. Brauer, F.T. McCollum, N.A. Cole, and J.S. Jennings. 2016. Effects of roughage inclusion and particle size on performance and rumination behavior of finishing beef steers. ASAS Joint Annual Meeting and   Plains Nutrition Council Spring Conference.   Gentry, W.W., C.P. Weiss, C. M. Meredith, C. L. Brauer, F.T. McCollum, N.A. Cole, and J. S. Jennings. 2016. Effects of treating sorghum wet distiller’s grains plus solubles with calcium hydroxide in steam-flaked corn-based finishing diets on dry matter intake and ruminal fermentation characteristics. Midwest Section-Oral Competition, ASAS.   </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Gonzalez, S., K. Norman, B.W. Auvermann, K.D. Casey, J. Jennings, B. Pinchak, and H.M. Scott. 2016. Viability of bacteria harboring antimicrobial resistance genes in feedyard dust. Conference of Research Workers and Animal Disease.            Hansen, S. L. 2016. Iowa State University Feedlot Research Update. Land O’Lakes Feedlot Group. Council Bluffs, IA.   Hansen, S. L. 2017. Mineral nutrition for feedlot cattle. Form A Feed. Larchwood, IA.   Lancaster, N.A., and J.P. Schoonmaker. 2016. Effects of ruminal alkalinizing and/or buffering agents fed to feedlot steers on performance and carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 94(Suppl. 2):171. Midwestern Section ASAS Regional Meeting. Des Moines, IA. March 14-16, 2016.   Latham, E.A., W.W. Gentry, J.S. Jennings, and W.E. Pinchak. 2016. Rumen metagenome of rumen liquid and solid fractions in response to inclusion of      corn, sorghum, and treated sorghum distillers’ grains in finishing diets. Gut Health Symposium. Loy, D. 2016. Changing Distillers Grains. UNL Feedlot Roundtables, Bridgeport, Lexington and West Point, NE.   Loy, D. 2016. Testing for Silage Quality. UNL/ISU Silage Conference, Mead, NE.   Loy, D. 2016. Feedlot Facilities and Cattle Comfort SDSU Feedlot Short Course. Brookings,   Loy, D. 2016. Data Management in the Feedlot. SDSU Feedlot Short Course. Brookings, SD.   Loy, D. 2016. Receiving Cattle Nutrition. Merck Young Veterinarians Conference, Moravia, IA.   Loy, D. 2016. Preventing Nutritional Problems in the Feedlot. Merck Young Veterinarians Conference, Moravia, IA. McCann, J.M. 2017. Alternatives for Transitioning Cattle to Finishing Diets.  Illinois Cattle Feeders Meeting, Dixon, IL. Nunez, A.J.C., R.P. Lemenager, K.R. Stewart, E.G. Taylor, and J.P. Schoonmaker. 2016. Effect of increasing protein and fat inclusion in the diet of beef cows during gestation and lactation on performance, milk production, pregnancy rate, and pre-weaning progeny growth. J. Anim. Sci.  94(Suppl. 2):165. Midwestern Section ASAS Regional Meeting. Des Moines, IA. March 14-16, 2016.   Roberts, S. L., N. D. May, C. L. Brauer, W. W. Gentry, C. P. Weiss, J. S. Jennings, and    J. T. Richeson. 2015.  Effect of injectable trace mineral administration on health, performance and vaccine response of newly received beef cattle. ASAS Joint Annual Meeting and Plains Nutrition Council Spring Conference Rust, S. R. (January 26, 2016)  New NRC Nutrient Requirements for Beef Cattle . 2016 Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse, Wyoming, Canada.   Rust, S. R. (January 26, 2016)  New NRC Nutrient Requirements for Beef Cattle . 2016 Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse, Bad Axe, MI.   Rust, S. R. (January 25, 2016) New NRC Nutrient Requirements for Beef Cattle . 2016 Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse, Bowling Green, OH.   Rust, S. R. (January 24, 2016) New NRC Nutrient Requirements for Beef Cattle . 2016 Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse, East Lansing, MI.   Rust, S.R. (March 8, 2016) Feeding Malting Barley and Distillers Grains to Cattle, Agriculture For Tomorrow Conference,  Escanaba, MI.   Rust, S.R. (March 8, 2016) Beef Feedlot in the U.P. Agriculture For Tomorrow Conference, Escanaba, MI.   Rust, S.R. (March 16, 2016) Comparison of returns per acre for different corn harvest systems for farmer feeders. Iowa Extension Educators Conference. Ames, IA   Rust, S.R. (March 16, 2016) Rubber coverings for slatted floor  barns. Iowa Extension Educators Conference. Ames, IA   Rust, S.R. (March 30, 2016) What is quality silage and what does it look like? John Deere Forage Meeting, East Lansing, MI   Schoonmaker, J.P. 2016. Alternatives to antibiotics. J. Anim. Sci.  94(Suppl. 2):179. Midwestern Section ASAS Regional Meeting. Des Moines, IA. March 14-16, 2016.   Schoonmaker, J.P. Effect of feeding ethanol by-products on composition of growth in beef cattle. Workshop on U.S. Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS). Cochran Fellowship Program for Thailand. February 15, 2016.   Schoonmaker, J. P. Effect of maternal nutrition on calf health and growth. Ohio Veterinary Association. Columbus, OH. January 7-8, 2016.   Schoonmaker, J.P. Modification of ruminal digestion using eubiotics. High Plains Nutrition & Management Roundtable. Akron, CO. September 8, 2016.   Shreck, A. L., N. D. Aluthge, J.S. Jennings, S.C. Fernando, and N.A. Cole. 2015.  Effect of protein supplementation of low-quality forage diets on enteric methane production and ruminal microbial community structure of beef steers.  ASAS Joint Annual Meeting. Shreck, A. L.,  P. J. Ebert, J. S. Jennings, N. A. Cole, and E. A. Bailey.  2015. Effect of altered nitrogen excretion by condensed tannin supplement on steer energy losses. ASAS Joint Annual Meeting. Shreck, A. L., P. Ebert, E.A. Bailey, J.S. Jennings, K.D. Casey, and N.A. Cole.  2015. Effects of supplementation to steers consuming green chopped wheat pasture on energy losses and nitrogen balance.  ASAS Joint Annual Meeting. Walter, L. J., N. A. Cole, J. S. Jennings, J. P. Hutcheson, B. E. Meyer, A. N. Schmitz, D. D.Reed and T. E. Lawrence. 2015.  The effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation on energy metabolism of steers at maintenance and fasting intake levels.  ASAS Joint Annual Meeting. Walter, L. J., N. A. Cole, J. S. Jennings, J. P. Hutcheson, B. E. Meyer, A. N. Schmitz, D. D. Reed and T. E. Lawrence. 2015.  The effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation on apparent nutrient digestibility and carbon-nitrogen           retention of steers fed at maintenance intake.  ASAS Joint Annual Meeting. Walter, L. J., N. A. Cole, J. S. Jennings, J. P. Hutcheson, B. E. Meyer, A. N. Schmitz, D. D. Reed and T. E. Lawrence. 2015.  The effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation on gain efficiency, harvest yields and carcass grading of steersfed a maintenance intake.  ASAS Joint Annual Meeting. Weiss, C.P., W.W. Gentry, C. L. Brauer, F. T. McCollum, N. A. Cole, and J. S. Jennings. 2016. Effects of feeding corn condensed distillers solubles and crude glycerin alone or in combination on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing steers. Midwest Section, ASAS. Publications Carlos-Valdez, L.L., B..K. Wilson; L. Burciaga-Robles; D.L. Step; B.P. Holland, C.J. Richards, M. Montelongo, A. Confer, R. Fulton, and C.R. Krehbiel. 2016. Effect of timing of Mannheimia haemolytica challenge following short-term natural exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1b on animal performance and immune response in beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 94:4799-4808. Cassady, C. J., T. L. Felix, J. E. Beever, D. W. Shike and And The National Program for Genetic Improvement of Feed Efficiency in Beef Cattle (S. L. Hansen, D. D. Loy). 2016. Effects of timing and duration of test period and diet type on intake and feed efficiency of Charolais-sired cattle. J. Anim. Sci. First Look. doi:10.2527/jas.2016-0633.   Genther-Schroeder, O. N., M. Branine, and S. L. Hansen. 2016. The effects of increasing supplementation of zinc-amino acid complex on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and inflammatory response of beef cattle fed ractopamine hydrochloride. J. Anim. Sci. 94:3389-3398.   Genther-Schroeder, O. N., M. E. Branine, and S. L. Hansen. 2016. The influence of supplemental Zn-amino acid complex and ractopamine hydrochloride feeding duration on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 94-4338-4345.    Gentry W.W., C. P. Weiss, C. M. Meredith, F.T. McCollum, N.A. Cole, and J.S. Jennings. 2016. Effects of roughage inclusion and particle size on performance and rumination behavior of finishing beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 2016.94:1-12. doi:10.2527/jas2016-0734. Gordon B., S. W. Hahm, J. J. Wagner, J. S. Jennings, T. E. Engle, and H. Han, 2016. Aspergillus oryzae α-amylase supplementation on rumen volatile fatty acid profile and relative abundance of mRNA associated with nutrient absorption in ruminal and duodenal tissue from beef steers. Prof. Anim. Sci. 24: 4: 448-      454. Huang, H., Z. Wang, S. Pan, L.M. Shoup, T.L. Felix, J.B. Perkins, O. May, V. Singh. 2016. Fungal pretreatment to improve digestibility of corn stover for animal feed. Amer. Soc. Ag. Bio. Eng. (in press) Keomanivong, F. E., C. O. Lemley, L. E. Camacho, R. Yunusova, P. P. Borowicz, J. S. Caton, A. M. Meyer, K. A. Vonnahme, and K. C. Swanson. 2016. Influence of nutrient restriction and melatonin supplementation of pregnant ewes on maternal and fetal pancreatic digestive enzymes and insulin-containing clusters. Animal. 10:440-448.   Ladeira, M. M., J. P. Schoonmaker, M. P. Gionbelli, J. R. Carvalho, and P. D. Texeira. 2016. Nutrigenomics and beef quality: A review about lipogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 17:918 doi:10.3390/ijms17060918   Long, C.L., L. Kondratovich, M. Westphalen, and T.L. Felix. 2017. Effects of exogenous phytase supplementation on phosphorus metabolism and digestibility of beef cattle. Trans. Anim. Sci. (accepted) Lundy, E. L., C. E. Andresen, S. A. Freeman, D. D. Loy, and P. J. Gunn.  Utilization of a modified Delphi method for needs assessment and curriculum revision of a senior-level beef systems management course.  Accepted for publication in NACTA Journal (Nov. 2016).   Muegge, C.R., K.M. Brennan, and J. P. Schoonmaker. 2016. Supplementation of organic and inorganic selenium to late gestation and early lactation beef cows on cow and pre-weaning calf performance. J. Anim. Sci. 94:3399-3408. Niedermeyer, E.K., O.N. Genther-Schroeder, D.D. Loy and S.L. Hansen. 2017. The effects of injectable trace minerals on growth performance and mineral status of Angus beef steers raised in a natural feedlot program.  The Professional Animal Scientist (in-press)   Pogge, D. J., Drewnoski, M. E., D. Snider, W. Rumbeiha, and S. L. Hansen. 2016. Effect of ferric ammonium citrate in feedlot diets with varying dried distillers grains inclusion on ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentrations and steer growth. J. Anim. Sci. 94:3894-3901.   Relling, A.E., Lowe, G. and Fluharty, F.L. 2017. Effect of oscillating time of feeding and oscillating diet formulation on performance and carcass characteristics in feedlot steers, The Professional Animal Scientist, 33:160-165. Roberts, S. L., N. D. May, C. L. Brauer, W. W. Gentry, C. P. Weiss, J. S. Jennings, and J. T. Richeson. 2016. Effect of injectable trace mineral administration on health, performance, and vaccine response to newly received beef cattle. Prof. Anim. Sci. 32:842-848. doi:10.15232/pas.2016-01543. Russell, J. R., E. L. Lundy, N. O. Minton, W. J. Sexten, M. S. Kerley, S. L. Hansen, and National Program for Genetic Improvement of Feed Efficiency in Beef Cattle. 2016. Influence of growing phase feed efficiency classification on finishing phase growth performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers fed different diet types. J. Anim. Sci. 94:2927-2936.   Russell, J. R., W. J. Sexten, M. S. Kerley, and S. L. Hansen. 2016. Relationship between antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress, and feed efficiency in beef steers. J. Anim. Sci.  94:2942-2953.   Russell, J. R., N. O. Minton, W. Sexten, M. Kerley, S. L. Hansen. 2016. Influence of feed efficiency classification on diet digestibility and growth performance of beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 94:1610-1619.   Salim, H., K. M. Wood, J. P. Cant, and K. C. Swanson. 2016. Short Communication: Influence of feeding increasing levels of dry or modified wet corn distillers grains plus solubles in whole corn grain-based finishing cattle diets on pancreatic mass, and α-amylase and trypsin activity. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 96:294-298.   Shee, C. N., R. P. Lemenager, and J. P. Schoonmaker. 2016. Feeding dried distillers grains with solubles to lactating beef cows: impact of excess crude protein and fat on cow performance, milk production, and pre-weaning progeny growth. Animal. 10:55-63.   Venegas-Vargas C, S. Henderson, A. Khare, R.E. Mosci, J.D. Lehnert, P. Singh, L.M. Ouellette, B. Norby, J.A. Funk, S.R. Rust, P.C. Bartlett, D.L.  Grooms, and S.D.  Manning. 2016. Factors associated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli shedding by dairy and beef cattle. Appl Environ Microbiol 82:5049–5056. doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00829-16">10.1128/AEM.00829-16</a>. Walters, L.J., N. A. Cole, J. S. Jennings, J. P. Hutcheson, B. E. Meyer, A. N. Schmitz, D. D. Reed, and T. E. Lawrence. 2016.  The effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation on energy metabolism and nitrogen and carbon retention of steers fed at maintenance and fasting intake levels. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 10: 4401-4414. doi:10.2527/jas.2016-0612. Weiss C. P., W.W. Gentry, F.T. McCollum, N.A. Cole, and J.S. Jennings. 2016. Effects of feeding corn condensed distillers solubles and crude glycerin alone or in combination on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing      steers. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 2: 922-929. doi:10.2527/jas2016-0941. Wilson, B.K., B.P. Holland, D.L. Step, M. Jacob, D.L. VanOverbeke, C.J. Richards, T.G. Nagaraja, and C.R. Krehbiel. 2016. Feeding wet distillers grains plus solubles with and without a direct-fed microbial to determine performance, carcass characteristics, and fecal shedding of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in feedlot heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 94:297-305. Wilson, B.K., M. Vazquez-Anon, D.L. Step, K.D. Moyer, C.L. Haviland, C.L. Maxwell, C.F. O’Neill, C.A. Gifford, C.R. Krehbiel and C.J. Richards. 2016. Effect of copper, manganese, and zinc supplementation on the performance, clinical signs, and mineral status of calves following exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1b and subsequent Mannheimia haemolytica infection. J. Anim.Sci. 94:1123-1140. Yihang, Li, S. L. Hansen, L. B. Borst, J. W. Spears, and A. J. Moeser. 2016. Dietary Iron Deficiency and Oversupplementation Increase Intestinal Permeability, Ion Transport, and Inflammation in Pigs. J. Nutr. jn231621; doi:10.3945/jn.116.231621.   Proceedings and Technical Reports Anele, U., C. Engel, K. Swanson, and D. Baines. 2016. Effects of synbiotics on rumen fermentation. 2016 Crop and Livestock Review, North Dakota State University Carrington Research Center. pp. 50.   Engel, C. L., K. C. Swanson, and V. L. Anderson. 2016. Growing and finishing feedlot performance of steers fed diets with rolled corn or rolled barley and medium- or low-fat dry distillers grains with solubles. North Dakota Beef Report. pp 28-32.   Felix, Tara L. 2015. Limit Feeding Beef Cattle. IX SIMPEC. Lavras, MG Brazil. October 22-24, 2015.   Felix, Tara L. 2016. Alternative Feeds for Beef Cattle. 27th Annual Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium Proceedings. p 103-109, Gainesville, Fl..   Felix, Tara L. and P.H.V Carvalho. 2016. Value considerations for corn residue scenarios. Mn Nutr. Conf. September 22, 2016.   Felix, Tara L. and PHV Carvalho. 2017. Utilization of corn stover for beef cattle. XXI Curso: Novos Enfoques na Produção e Reprodução de Bovinos. Uberlandia, Brazil. March 23-24, 2017.   Gaspers, J. J., K. C. Swanson, F. E. Keomanivong, A. B. P. Fontoura, A. K. Ward, E. Knutson, and G. L. Stokka. 2016. Evaluation of response to vaccination with a bacterial-produced plasmid DNA, Zelnate, on feedlot performance of weaned calves. North Dakota Beef Report. pp 9-11   Genther-Schroeder, O. and S. L. Hansen. 2016. Effect of zinc amino-acid complex and Optaflexx feeding duration on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing cattle. Iowa State University Animal Industry Report.   Keomanivong, F. E., Ruch, M. C., Liu, J. H., Kirsch, J. D., C. R. Dahlen, S. Rahman, M. S. Borhan, M. L. Bauer, and K. C. Swanson. 2016. The influence of dry-rolled corn particle size and dried corn distillers grains plus solubles inclusion levels on rumen pH, ammonia and VFA concentration, total in vitro ruminal gas production and enteric methane emission. North Dakota Beef Report. pp 39-42.   Krehbiel, C., B. Wilson, C. Richards, B. Bernhard, C. Haviland, C. Gifford, and D. Step. 2016. Research Update Oklahoma State University: Growth technologies, nutrients, and management protocols used in feedlot cattle to improve health, growth performance and carcass merit Growth technologies, nutrients, and management protocols used in feedlot cattle to improve health, growth performance and carcass merit. Plains Nutr. Council Spring Conf. Pages 17-21. Texas A&M Research and Extension Center, Amarillo.   Loy, Dan, Patrick Gunn, Beth Doran, Russ Euken, Chris Clark, Joe Sellers, Patrick Wall, Garland Dahlke, Sherry Hoyer, Erika Lundy, Lee Schulz and Grant Dewell.  2016.  Iowa Beef Center. Iowa State Univ. Anim. Industry Rep. ASL-R3054. Niedermayer, E., O. Genther-Schroeder, S. L. Hansen. 2016. Effect of a Trace Mineral Injection on Growth Performance of Natural Beef Feedlot Steers. Iowa State University Animal Industry Report.   Reuter, R., G. Mourer, and C. Richards. 2016. Implants and Their Use I n Beef Cattle Production Systems. ANSI-3290.   Richards, C. 2016. Growth promoting technologies: The interaction of economics, welfare, and sustainability. Proceedings of KOMA Conference. Dewey, OK Richards, C. 2016. Implant, Dehorning and Identification. Proceedings of the 2016 Cow/Calf Boot Camp. Ada, OK. Richards, C. 2016. Water Consumption and Environmental Stress of Beef Cattle. Proceedings of the 5-State Beef Conference. Clayton, NM and Woodward, OK. Richards, C. 2016. Research Update. Oklahoma Cowman. 1:22 Richards, C. 2016. Research Update. Oklahoma Cowman. 1:32 Richards, C. Questions about VFD’s? BeefExtension.com Facebook. Posted February 2016. Richards, C. 2016. Research Update. Oklahoma Cowman. 3:32 Richards, C. 2016. Implant Usage Review. Oklahoma BQ A Newsletter. 2:3 Richards, C. 2016. Research Update. Oklahoma Cowman. 4:42. Richards, C. 2016. Storm Dangers for Cattle. BeefExtension.com Facebook. Posted April 2016. Richards, C. 2016. Research Update. Oklahoma Cowman. 5:38. Richards, C. 2016. Research Update. Oklahoma Cowman. 6:36. Richards, C. and A. Sutherland. Assessing Cattle for Heat Stress. BeefExtension.com Facebook. Posted June 2016. Richards, C. Cattle Heat Stress Danger. BeefExtension.com Facebook. Posted June 2016. Richards, C. 2016. Research Update. Oklahoma Cowman. 7:46. Richards, C. Mineral Intake of cattle: New Tools. BeefExtension.com Facebook. Posted July 2016. Richards, C. 2016. Research Update. Oklahoma Cowman. 8:22. Richards, C. 2016. Research Update. Oklahoma Cowman. 9:32. Richards, C. 2016. Research Update. Oklahoma Cowman. 10:32. Richards, C. 2016. Research Update. Oklahoma Cowman. 11:26. Richards, C. 2016. Research Update. Oklahoma Cowman. 12:46. Richards, C., D. Lalman, G. Highfill, B. LeValley, and A. Sutherland. 2016. Mesonet Cattle Comfort Advisor Description. http://www.mesonet.org/images/site/Cattle_Comfort_Description.May2016.pdf Rodenhuis, M. A., F. E. Keomanivong, J. J. Gaspers, M. L. Bauer, T. C. Gilbery, S. R. Underdahl, C. L. Engel, V. L. Anderson, and K. C. Swanson. 2016. The influence of grain source and dried corn distllers grains plus solubles oil concentration on finishing cattle performance and feeding behavior. North Dakota Beef Report. pp 32-35.   Rodenhuis, M. A., F. E. Keomanivong, M. L. Bauer, C. L. Engel, V. L. Anderson, and K. C. Swanson. 2016. Effect of grain type and dried distillers grain with solubles oil concentration on site of digestion. North Dakota Beef Report. pp 36-38.   Russell, J., E. Lundy, S. L. Hansen.  2016. Growth and Carcass Characteristics of Feed Efficiency Classified Cattle Fed Corn or Roughage-Based Diets and Finished with Corn or Byproduct-Based Diets. Iowa State University Animal Industry Report.   Rust, S. R. (2016, Winter). Can I improve net returns from feeding cattle by restricting intake? The Michigan Cattleman, 31(4). Schoonmaker, J. 2016. Modification of ruminal digestion using eubiotics. High Plains Nutrition & Management Roundtable. Akron, CO. September 8, 2016. Pages 15-21. Schwiehofer, J and S.R. Rust, (2016, Spring). What would you do differently without access to antibiotics?The Michigan Cattleman, 31(2). Stokes, Rebecca S., Dan Loy and Stephanie Hansen. 2016. Effects of increased inclusion of algae meal on finishing steer performance and carcass characteristics.  Iowa State Univ. Anim. Industry Rep. ASL-R3059.   Swanson, K. C. 2016. Rumen efficiency: the next frontier for enhanced cattle performance. North Dakota Stockman. March. p 24. Abstracts Alkhurji, M. S. Vetter, K. C. Swanson, and E. P. Berg. 2016. Evaluation of glycated albumin as a metabolic marker for marbling in commercial feeder cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl. 1):68.   Andresen, C.E., E. L. Lundy, D. D. Loy and P.J. Gunn. 2016. Student assessment of curriculum efficacy in a beef systems management course. J. Anim. Sci. (Abstr. 1761)   Blank, C. P., J. R. Russell, S. M. Lonergan, and S. L. Hansen. 2016. Post-mortem proteolysis and meat tenderness in crossbred steers identified as lowly or highly feed efficient. J. Anim. Sci. 94 (Suppl. 3) (Abstr.) MS oral competition.   Blank, C. P., J. R. Russell, S. M. Lonergan, and S. L. Hansen. 2016. Influence of feed efficiency on meat tenderness attributes of beef steers: implications for the selection of improved feed efficiency.  Plains Nutrition Conference. San Antonio, TX. Pg. 101.   Blank, C. P., D. D. Loy, and S. L. Hansen. 2016. Effects of post-ethanol extraction sorghum silage as an alternative forage in growing and finishing diets on steer performance, carcass characteristics and nutrient digestibility. J. Anim. Sci. (Suppl. 2). Abstract 1418.   Blank, C. P., P. J. Gunn, D. Schrunk, S. Ensley, D. Madson, and S. L. Hansen. 2016. Effects of injectable trace mineral supplementation on yearling bull growth, carcass characteristics, testicular development and semen quality attributes. J. Anim. Sci. 94 (Suppl. 2). Abstract 244.    Blom, E. J., D. W. Brake, M. R. Fiene, J. A. Walker, F. E. Keomanivong, and K. C. Swanson. 2016. Impact of metabolizable protein source on pancreatic enzyme activity in finishing cattle fed dry-rolled corn-based diets. J. Anim. Sci. 99(E-Suppl. 1):762.   Carvalho, P.H.V.. W.T. Meteer, A.R. Schroeder, A. DiCostanzo, and T.L. Felix. 2016. Enhancing the feeding value of corn residues to improve beef cattle production. J. Anim. Sci. 94 (E-Supple 2): 159. Crane, A. R., R. R. Redden, K. C. Swanson, B. M. Howard, T. J. Frick, K. R. Maddock-Carlin, K. C. Swanson, and C. S. Schauer. 2016. Effects of dried distiller’s grains and lasalocid on feedlot lamb growth, carcass traits, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fluid volatile fatty acid concentrations, and ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentration. J. Anim. Sci. 99(E-Suppl. 1):1.   Deters, E. L., R. S. Stokes, O. N. Genther-Schroeder and S. L. Hansen. 2017. Effect of Original XPC in receiving diets on newly weaned beef steer performance. J. Anim. Sci. 95 (Suppl. 3) Abstract 107. MS Poster Competition.   Engel, C.L., V. L. Anderson, and K. C. Swanson. 2016. Influence of two fat levels of dry distiller’g grains in diets with corn or barley on growing and finishing feedlot and carcass performance of steers. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl. 1):169.   Fontoura, A. B. P., F. E. Keomanivong, C. R. Dahlen, K. Ringwall, K. A. Vonnahme, L. L. H. Hanna, and K. C. Swanson. 2016. Plasma analyte concentrations of beef heifers diverging in frame size and known feed efficiency group.  J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl. 1):194.   Genther-Schroeder, O. N., E. Huff-Lonergan, M. E. Branine and S. L. Hansen. 2016. Influence of zinc amino acid complex and ractopamine hydrochloride supplementation on the sarcoplasmic protein profile of finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 94 (Suppl. 2) Abstract 880.   Genther-Schroeder, O. N., E. Huff-Lonergan, M. E. Branine and S. L. Hansen. 2016. Influence of zinc amino acid complex and ractopamine hydrochloride supplementation on the sarcoplasmic protein profile of finishing steers. FASEB Trace Elements in Biology and Medicine. Big Sky, MT.   Hansen, S. L. 2016. Adding a student-generated summary of main points to a lecture as a learning tool in an advanced nutrition course. J. Anim. Sci. 94 (Suppl. 2) Abstract 1748.   Hansen, S. L., M. S. Kerley, and J. R. Russell. 2017. Impact of diet type on repeatability of feed efficiency in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 95 (Suppl. 3) Abstract 333. Invited.   Hartman, S. J., O. N. Genther-Schroeder, and S. L. Hansen. 2016. Effect of micronutrient source on mineral status and performance of steers fed low or high sulfur diets. J. Anim. Sci. 94 (Suppl. 2) Abstract 1532.   Hartman, S. J., O. N. Genther-Schroeder, and S. L. Hansen. 2017. Comparison of trace mineral repletion strategies to overcome a high antagonist diet. J. Anim. Sci. 95 (Suppl. 3) Abstract 355.   Keomanivong, F. E., M. C. Ruch, J. D. Kirsch, C. R. Dahlen, M. L. Bauer, and K. C. Swanson. 2016. Influence of dry-rolled corn processing and distillers grain inclusion rate on ruminal digestive enzyme activity. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl. 1):156.   Koskan, O., H. Koknaroglu, D.D. Loy and M.P. Hoffman. 2016. Determination of suitable sample size and number of simulation for predicting dry matter intake of feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 94, Suppl. 2 (Abstr. 58).   Kuehl, C. R., A. B. P. Fontoura, F. E. Keomanivong, C. R. Dahlen, K. Ringwall, K. A. Vonnahme, L. L. H. Hanna, and K. C. Swanson. 2016. Relationship of frame size and body measurements with feed efficiency traits in heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl. 1):194.   Lancaster, N.A., D.S. Antonelo, C.R. Muegge, and J.P. Schoonmaker. 2016. Effect of saponite on toxin binding capacity, ruminal fermentation, diet digestibility and growth of steers fed high concentrate diets. J. Anim. Sci. 94(E-Suppl. 5):641. (poster presentation).   Lancaster, N.A., J.A. Tekippe, M.C. Claeys, and J.P. Schoonmaker. 2016. Effect of ruminal bypass lysine on amino acid status, performance and carcass characteristics of steers fed corn product based diets. J. Anim. Sci. 94(E-Suppl. 5):765. (poster presentation)   Long, C.J. H.H. Stein, and T.L. Felix. 2017. Effects of exogenous phtase supplementation and dietary phosphorous concentration on metabolism and digestibility of beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 95 (E-Suppl. 2) Michal, J. J., J. R. Russell, S. L. Hansen, J. F. Taylor, M. S. Kerley, U. S. Feed Efficiency Consortium and K. A. Johnson. 2016. NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein-1 (NDUFS1), a core subunit of mitochondrial complex I, is not differentially expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of beef steers with divergent residual feed intakes. J. Anim. Sci. 94 (Suppl. 2) Abstract 1483.   Nenn, K., P.H.V. Carvalho, E. Mousel, G.A. Bridges, S.L. Bird, T.L. Felix, and A. DiCostanzo. 2016. Improving the feeding value of corn stover to enhance cattle performance in a backgrounding phase. J. Anim. Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 2) Niedermayer, E. K. O. N. Genther-Schroeder, and S. L. Hansen. 2016. Effect of a zinc injection on finishing performance and carcass characteristics of Limousin steers. J. Anim. Sci. 94 (Suppl. 3) (Abstr.).   Niedermayer, E. K., O. N. Genther-Schroeder, and S. L. Hansen. 2016. Evaluating the effects of an injectable trace mineral product on steers raised in a natural beef feedlot program. J. Anim. Sci. 94 (Suppl. 2) Abstract 1376.   Oliveira, C.V., M.M. Ladeira, O.R. Machado Neto, D.R. Casagrande, L. Ruiz, J.R.R. Carvalho, J.P. Schoonmaker, and A.C. Rodrigues. 2016. Fatty acid profile and gene expression of lipogenic transcription factors in the muscle of Nellore bulls fed processed soybean. J. Anim. Sci. 94(E-Suppl. 5):427. (poster presentation)   Reis, A., R. Ostrem, K. Heiderscheit, O. Genther-Schroeder, C. Clark, D. Loy and S. L. Hansen. 2016. Evaluation of perennial switchgrass as a replacement for cornstalks in high sulfur beef cattle diet. J. Anim. Sci. 94 (Suppl. 3) (Abstr.) Undergraduate poster competition-2nd place.   Rodenhuis, M. A., F. E. Keomanivong, J. J. Gaspers, T. C. Gilbery, S. R. Underdahl, M. L. Bauer, V. L. Anderson, C. L. Engel, and K. C. Swanson. 2016. The influence of grain source and dried corn distiller’s grains plus solubles oil concentration on finishing cattle performance and feeding behavior. J. Anim. Sci. 99(Suppl. 1):166.   Russell, J. R., E. L. Lundy, N. O. Minton, W. J. Sexten, M. Kerley and S. L. Hansen. 2016. Influence of growing phase feed efficiency classification on finishing phase growth performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers fed different diet types. J. Anim. Sci. 94 (Suppl. 3) (Abstr.) PhD poster competition-2nd place.   Sena, M.H., T.L. Felix, W.T. Meteer, and D.W. Shike. 2016 Effects of co-ensiling high moisture corn stover with co-products on spoilage, aerobic stability, nutrient composition, and in situ digestibility. J. Anim. Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 2)   Singh, P., R.E. Mosci, C. Venegas-Vargus, K. Hussnaetter, H. Selheimer, K. Jernigan, J. Rudrik, G.  Loneragan, J.A. Funk, B. Norby, S.R.  Rust, P.C.  Bartlett,  D.L. Grooms, and S.D.  Manning. (2016). Characteristics of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates recovered from dairy and beef cattle in Michigan. US Department of Agriculture. July 25, 2016. Taylor, J. F., J. E. Beever, J. E. Decker, H. C. Freetly, D. J. Garrick, S. L. Hansen, K. A. Johnson, M. S. Kerley, D. D. Loy, H. L. Neibergs, M. Saatchi, R. D. Schnabel, C. M. Seabury, D. W. Shike, M. L. Spanger and R. L. Weaber. 2017. The genetic improvement of feed efficiency in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 95 (Suppl. 3) Abstract 331. Invited.

Impact Statements

4. The current growth and efficiency enhancing technologies discovered and/or evaluated by this committee has had a large impact on the finishing cattle industry. Discoveries by members of this committee have contributed and will continue to contribute to an abundance of an affordable, safe, high quality, and sustainable beef supply.

Date of Annual Report: 07/16/2018

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 05/14/2018 - 05/16/2018
Period the Report Covers: 05/01/2017 - 05/01/2018

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

Please see attachment for NCCC308's 2017/2018 annual report and meeting minutes.