WERA1009: Systems to Improve End-use Quality of Wheat

(Multistate Research Coordinating Committee and Information Exchange Group)

Status: Inactive/Terminating

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SAES-422 Reports

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[03/25/2013] [02/14/2014] [02/03/2015]

Date of Annual Report: 03/25/2013

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Annual Meeting Dates: 01/23/2013 - 01/25/2013
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2012 - 12/01/2012

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COLORADO In fall 2012, experimental line CO07W245 was released as Antero. Antero is a medium maturing, medium height, hard white winter wheat (HWW) with average coleoptile length, good straw strength, and excellent test weight. Antero was selected from the cross KS01HW152 1/TAM 111 made in 2003. Antero has good resistance to stripe rust, moderate resistance to stem rust and soilborne mosaic virus, and susceptibility to leaf rust and Russian wheat aphid. Averaged across the 2011 and 2012 Colorado dryland variety trials, Antero was the second highest yielding entry, second only to Byrd HRW (P>0.05). In the 2012 Colorado irrigated variety trials, Antero was also the second highest yielding entry across three trial locations. Dough mixing and bread baking quality characteristics of Antero include medium mixograph mix time, mixograph tolerance score, bake water absorption, and pup loaf volume and crumb grain score. Grain polyphenol oxidase concentration of Antero is medium-high, similar to the HWW checks Snowmass and Thunder CL. Pre-harvest sprouting tolerance of Antero is moderate, better than Platte and similar to Hatcher HRW, Snowmass, and Thunder CL. Routine screening in 2011-2012 included nearly 1200 SKCS, Mixograph, and PPO tests, and over 650 Quadrumat Senior milling and pup-loaf bake tests. Included among these were 75 variety trial samples (three locations) and these data were reported in the CSU variety trial summary. In 2012, we continued quality-related research activities including field and laboratory evaluation of near-isogenic line (NIL) selections for Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 alleles in a Ripper background and genomic selection model development for end-use quality characteristics (including pre-harvest sprouting tolerance). These research projects will form the basis for a PhD dissertation of graduate student Jessica Cooper. IDAHO The most important accomplishment this year is the release of UI Stone soft white spring wheat cultivar. This cultivar has high grain yield and consistent end-use quality under rain-fed and irrigated conditions, good resistance and/or tolerance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), stripe rust, and cereal cyst nematodes. In addition, two elite lines IDO694C and IDO862E are expecting to be released in 2013. IDO694C hard white spring wheat is adapted in both irrigated and non-irrigated conditions and has excellent bread baking quality and good resistance to stripe rust. IDO862E hard spring wheat is adapted in rain-fed condition and has improved yield, early maturity, resistance to stripe rust, and good bread baking quality. To speed the release of hard white winter wheat cultivars, we deployed the wheat by maize doubled haploid (DH) system and marker assisted selection (MAS) to select DH lines with desirable glutenin subunits and QTL associated with desirable end-use quality. In 2012, we advanced six DH lines and planted them in the state-wide yield trials and western regional trials in ID, WA, OR, and CO. Using MAS, we also pyramided genes for resistance to FHB (Fhb1), stripe rust (Yr36), Hessian fly (H25), and the high protein content gene GpcB1. Around 30 F6 hard white and red spring lines with the four target genes showed good yield performance and will be advanced and evaluated in multiple environments in 2013. To help our understanding of late maturity alpha amylase, we evaluated a subset of 123 hard white spring lines from the Triticeae CAP for falling number (FN), alpha amylase activity, pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), and bread baking quality. QTL associated with these quality traits are being identified. We also did extensive screening of elite spring wheat lines for the same set of traits as in the 123 lines. Based on our preliminary results it is suggested that moisture sensitive alpha amylase (MSA) might be the major source resulting in lines with FN < 300 sec in the areas in southern Idaho. MONTANA SPRING WHEAT Approximately 2,900,000 acres of hard red spring wheat were seeded in 2012. Spring weather was good for planting and establishment. Summer drought was an issue for the southern half of the state especially. The leading variety in Montana was Vida, which has high yield potential related to its ability to maintain green leaves for an extended period after heading. This trait originated in the North Dakota variety Reeder. Vida has also been observed to have some resistance to the wheat stem sawfly. The second leading variety was Choteau, which is primarily grown due solid stems that confer resistance to the wheat stem sawfly. A new variety named Duclair was grown as Foundation seed in 2012. The Clearfield variety WB9879CLP was initially developed through marker-assisted selection, and in cooperation with Westbred. Agripro (Syngenta) released the variety Sy Tyra, which initially came from a marker-assisted project to introgress solid stems. End-use quality targets for all varieties remain excellent bread-making properties, including selection for high grain protein, strong gluten, good water absorption, and large loaf volume. MONTANA WINTER WHEAT Montana harvested winter wheat acreage for 2012 was 2.17 million acres averaging ~39 bu/acre (total production ~84.6 million bushels). Leading varieties were Yellowstone (22.8%), Genou (19.7%), CDC Falcon (7.0%), Rampart (4.9%), Ledger (4.9%), Jerry (4.9%) and AP503CL2 (4.5%). The winter wheat program emphasizes on-farm productivity characteristics and quality characteristics to compete in a global market place. Specific objectives include productivity, adaptation (cold tolerance, maturity, stress tolerance), pest resistance (wheat stem sawfly, wheat streak mosaic virus, stem rust), and dual-purpose end-use quality. End-use quality goals are high grain protein and gluten strength, high flour extraction and low ash content, good dough mixing and bread baking quality, and superior noodle color and textural characteristics. SY Clearstone 2CL a Yellowstone backcross derivative, was released and licensed to Syngenta. David May, M.S. student, initiated a research project to transfer root lesion nematode resistance into adapted winter wheat cultivars. MONTANA QUALITY PROGRAM We surveyed 255 durum wheat accessions and found two genotypes that lacked the SGP-A1 protein. These genotypes were crossed to Mountrail an adapted durum genotype to create populations segregating for the SSIIa-Ab null allele. The SSIIa-A allelic difference had negligible effects on noodle color traits. Results show that the SSIIa-Ab allele could be used to produce durum based products that are slightly more firm in texture. However the effect of the SSIIa-Ab1 allele may depend on the source. Cooked firmness was increased for the cross with PI 5330546 but not for the cross with IG 86304. The IG 86304 cross had lower kernel weight. The different results for noodle firmness and kernel weight between these sources may be because the two sources of the SSIIa-Ab null mutation contributed different linkages to the segregating populations. Two studies on puroindolines were published in 2012. In one, seeds varying in puroindoline levels were incubated in infected Penicillium sp. soil. Seeds with very high levels of puroindolines exhibited reduced fungal infection and increased germination. However, the reduced infection levels were not seen in hard/soft near-isogenic lines but rather only in transgenic lines with high level puroindoline over-expression. The second study followed up on our previous observation that puroindolines increase polar lipids in mature seeds. To follow that study we examined polar lipid levels throughout seed development in both hard and soft wheat seeds. The results demonstrated that the impact of both PINA and PINB increased throughout seed development with greater decreases in polar lipids seen in hard wheat seeds versus soft wheat seeds. Thus, puroindolines help to prevent polar lipid breakdown during seed maturation. OREGON OSU cereal quality lab worked on these projects in 2012: Quality testing of OSU winter wheat breeding lines, non-amylase factors influencing Falling Number, oxidative gelation of soft wheat flour, effects of flour aging on downstream functionality, and on food barley. Outcomes included release of two new soft wheat cultivars: Bobtail with soft wheat quality in the upper 1/3 of all current soft white winter cultivars, and Rosalyn, with average soft wheat quality [= to Stephens] but a valuable improvement in quality over the footrot resistant variety it seeks to replace. We uncovered evidence that grain protein concentration (GPC) affects the baseline Falling Number of soft white winter wheat in the absence of elevated alpha-amylase levels. We observed between approximately 10 and 20 seconds increase in Falling Number for every 1% increase in GPC in sound grain. Flour aging studies showed high variability in solvent retention capacity (SRC) when flour is tested on the day of milling. Freshly milled flour also overestimated both lactic and carbonate SRC values. Water and sucrose SRCs and oxidative gelation potential all slightly but significantly increased over two months of flour storage. Food barley work began to build a suite of tests to provide a specification framework for this commodity that currently does not exist. WSU WINTER WHEAT Our breeding efforts continue to focus on developing high yielding, good quality, and stripe rust resistance lines. In addition to these main characteristics, we include agronomic traits such as good emergence, cold tolerance, and Aluminum tolerance. Other diseases of importance are eyespot foot rot resistance, Cephalosporium stripe resistance, SBWMV resistance, and snow mold resistance. We have identified many SNP markers linked to stripe rust resistance, eyespot resistance, end-use quality, and agronomic traits which are being used in marker-assisted selection protocols. We have begun association mapping efforts on stripe rust, drought tolerance, and end-use quality. We have released a new hard red winter line named Sprinter and have proposed a soft white winter line, WA8134, for release targeted to the high rainfall regions of the state. We have multiple lines developed and in testing with 2-gene resistance to Imazamox. Our doubled-haploid efforts have generated over 5,000 lines to be field tested. We continue to couple this effort with our MAS effort to effectively and efficiently develop material to test under field conditions. WSU QUALITY PROGRAM The WSU wheat quality program has worked with the USDA-ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory in evaluation of 1,053 wheat breeding lines harvested in 2011 from the WSU spring and winter wheat breeding programs and Vogel chair program to facilitate development of wheat varieties possessing desirable end-use quality characteristics. Wheat breeding lines were tested for milling quality, composition, biochemical properties and baking performance. The test results were utilized by WSU wheat breeders in the selection of breeding lines of desirable end-use quality. We evaluated the qualitative and quantitative effects of wheat starch on sponge cake baking quality. The qualitative effects were tested using wheat flours and isolated starches of various amylose contents, while the quantitative effects were determined using the isolated starches of various quantities and the starch-gluten blends of various ratios. Our study indicates that starch properties including amylose content and pasting properties as well as proportion of starch evidently play significant roles in sponge cake baking quality of wheat flour. Starch amylose content is positively related to sponge cake volume. More than 80 g starch or greater than 75% starch in starch-gluten blends in replacement of 100 g wheat flour was needed to produce sponge cake having the maximum volume potential. We also studied the influence of bran particle size on whole wheat bread quality and starch retrogradation of bread crumb. Bran particle size had significant influences on dough property, bread-baking quality and starch retrogradation of bread crumb. Fine grinding of bran expedited starch regrogradation and subsequently staling of bread crumb during storage.

Publications

Akman, H., M. Giroux, P. Bruckner, and A. Topal. 2012. Wheat root systems, genetics and methodology for evaluation of root characteristics: A review. Selçuk Tar1m ve G1da Bilimleri Dergisi 25(4):109-117 http://www.ziraat.selcuk.edu.tr/ojs/index.php/ziraat/article/view/142/208 Baik, B.-K., E. P. Fuerst, T. Harris, E. A. Wegner, and S. Fulton. 2012. Influences of mill type on baking properties and lipid oxidation of whole grain wheat flour during storage. AACCI Annual Meeting, Hollywood, FL, September 30-October 3. Poster. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/Documents/2012Abstracts/p12ma177.htm Beecher B.S.*, A.H. Carter, and D.R. See. 2012. Genetic mapping of a new family of seed-expressed polyphenol oxidase genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 124:1463-1473 Cai, L., Hyun, J., Kim, K., Choi, I., and Baik, B.-K. 2012. Significance of bran particle size on bread-baking quality of whole grain wheat flour. AACCI Annual Meeting, Hollywood, FL, September 30-October 3. Poster. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/Documents/2012Abstracts/p12ma21.htm Carter, A.H.*, D.K. Santra, and K.K. Kidwell. 2012. Assessment of the effect of the GPC-B1allele on senescence rate, grain protein concentration and mineral content in hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from the Pacific Northwest region of the USA. Plant Breeding 131:62-68 Chen, J., Ch. Chu, E.J. Souza, M.J. Guttieri, X. Chen, S. Xu, D. Hole, and R. Zemetra. 2012. Whole genome-wide mapping for high-temperature adult-plant resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) in a hard red winter wheat germplasm IDO444. Molecular Breeding 29: 791 800 Choi, H.-W., and Baik, B.-K. 2012. Use of dried egg powder in sponge cake baking test and flour-water batter viscosity as an estimate of sponge cake baking quality. AACCI Annual Meeting, Hollywood, FL, September 30-October 3. Poster. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/Documents/2012Abstracts/p12ma23.htm Choi, H.-W., and Baik, B.-K. 2012. Significance of starch property and quantity on sponge cake baking quality of soft white wheat. AACCI Annual Meeting, Hollywood, FL, September 30-October 3. Poster. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/Documents/2012Abstracts/p12ma22.htm Choi, H.-W., Harris, T., and Baik, B.-K. 2012. Improvement of sponge cake baking test procedure for simple and reliable estimation of soft white wheat quality. Cereal Chem. 89:73-78 Flowers M, Hamm PB, Carter AH, and Murray TD*. 2012. Reaction of winter wheat cultivars and breeding lines to soilborne wheat mosaic. Plant Disease Management Reports 6:CF025 Guomei Wang, Jeff M. Leonard, Andrew S. Ross, C. James Peterson, Robert S. Zemetra, Kimberly Garland-Campbell, Oscar Riera-Lizarazu. 2012. Identification of Genetic Factors Controlling Kernel Hardness and Related Traits in a Recombinant Inbred Population Derived from a Soft X Extra-soft Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cross. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 124: 207-221 Haley, S.D., J.J. Johnson, F.B. Peairs, J.A. Stromberger, E.E. Hudson, S.A. Seifert, R.A. Kottke, V.A. Valdez, J.B. Rudolph, G. Bai, X. Chen, R.L. Bowden, Y. Jin, J.A. Kolmer, M.-S. Chen, and B.W. Seabourn. 2012. Registration of 'Byrd' wheat. J. Plant Reg. 6:302-305 Haley, S.D., J.J. Johnson, F.B. Peairs, J.A. Stromberger, E.E. Hudson, S.A. Seifert, R.A. Kottke, V.A. Valdez, J.B. Rudolph, G. Bai, X. Chen, R.L. Bowden, Y. Jin, J.A. Kolmer, M.-S. Chen, and B.W. Seabourn. 2012. Registration of 'Denali' wheat. J. Plant Reg. 6:311-314 Haley, S.D., J.J. Johnson, P.H. Westra, F.B. Peairs, J.A. Stromberger, E.E. Hudson, S.A. Seifert, R.A. Kottke, V.A. Valdez, J.B. Rudolph, G. Bai, X. Chen, R.L. Bowden, Y. Jin, J.A. Kolmer, M.-S. Chen, and B.W. Seabourn. 2012. Registration of 'Brawl CL Plus' wheat. J. Plant Reg. 6:306-310 Kang, C.-S., Jeung, J.-U., Baik, B.-K., and Park, C. S. 2012. Effects of allelic variations in Wx-1, Glu-D1, Glu-B3 and Pinb-D1 loci on flour characteristics and white salted noodle making quality of wheat flour. Cereal Chem. 89:296-306 Kidwell, K. K., G. Shelton, V. Demacon, X. Chen, S. O. Gyu, J. S. Kuehner, B.-K. Baik, D. A. Engle, and N. Bosque-Perez. 2012. Registration of Babe wheat. J. Plant Registrations 6:156-160 Kim, K-H., L. Feiz, A.T. Dyer, W. Grey, A.C. Hogg, J.M. Martin, and M.J. Giroux. 2012. Increased resistance to Penicillium seed rot in transgenic wheat over-expressing puroindolines. J Phytopathology 160 (5):243-247 Kim, K.-H., L. Feiz, J.M. Martin, and M.J. Giroux. 2012. Puroindolines are associated with decreased polar lipid breakdown during wheat seed development. J Cereal Science 56(2):142-146 Lanning, S. P., P. Hucl, M. Pumphrey, A. H. Carter, P. F. Lamb, G. R. Carlson, D. M. Wichman, K. D. Kephart, D. Spaner, J. M. Martin and L. E. Talbert. 2012. Agronomic performance of spring wheat as related to planting date and photoperiod response. Crop Sci. 52:1633-1639 Lanning, S. P., J. M. Martin, R. N. Stougaard, F. R. Guillen-Portal, N. K. Blake, J. D. Sherman, A. M. Robbins, K. D. Kephart, P. Lamb, G. R. Carlson, M. Pumphrey, and L. E. Talbert. 2012. Evaluation of near-isogenic lines for three height-reducing genes in hard red spring wheat. Crop Sci. 52:1145-1152 Lanning, SP, Hucl P, Pumphrey M, Carter AH, Lamb PF, Carlson GR, Wichman DM, Kephart KD, Spaner D, Martin JM, and Talbert LE*. 2012. Agronomic performance of spring wheat as related to planting date and photoperiod response. Crop Science 52:1633-1639 Liu, S.Y., C.A. Griffey, M.D. Hall, J. Chen, S. Liu, D. Tucker, W.S. Brooks. 2012. Registration of Becker/Massey Wheat Recombinant Inbred Line Mapping Population. J. Plant Registration 3:358-362 Moffett, M., M. Burrows, P. Bruckner, and J. Berg. 2012. Evaluation of fungicides for control of stem rust in Montana, 2011. Plant Disease Management Reports 6:CF012. Online publication. doi: doi:10.1094/PDMR06 Naruoka, Y., J. D. Sherman, S. P. Lanning, N. K. Blake, J. M. Martin, and L. E. Talbert. 2012. Genetic analysis of green leaf duration in spring wheat. Crop Sci. 52:99-109 Park, E. Y., and Baik, B.-K. 2012. Effects of phytates on dough and bread characteristics of wheat flour. AACCI Annual Meeting, Hollywood, FL, September 30-October 3. Poster. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/Documents/2012Abstracts/p12ma59.htm Poole GJ, R.W. Smiley, T.C. Paulitz, A.H. Carter, D.R. See, and K. Garland-Campbell*. 2012. Identification of microsatellite markers Xgwm247 and Xgwm299 linked to quantitative trait loci for resistance to Fusarium crown rot (Fusarium pseudograminearum) in two spring wheat populations. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 125:91-107 Ross A.S., Flowers M.D., Zemetra R.S., Kongraksawech T. 2012. Effect of grain protein concentration on Falling Number of un-germinated soft-white winter wheat. Cereal Chemistry 89: 307-310 Schlosser, A. J., J. M. Martin, L.C. Hannah, and M.J. Giroux. 2012. The maize leaf starch mutation agps-m1 has diminished field growth and productivity. Crop Sci. 52(2): 700-70

Impact Statements

Releases of soft white, hard white and hard red spring and winter wheat varieties with improved end-use quality directly benefits PNW growers and end-users and increases regional and national agricultural revenue. Improved end-use quality helps our wheat industries remain competitive in the international marketplace. Six new varieties were released in the region.
Doubled haploid production systems and marker-assisted selection processes developed/refined by and now in use by breeding programs across the region have accelerated the breeding processing and cultivar release.
Many SNP markers have been identified and linked to traits of interest through bi-parental mapping and are now being used to focus breeding program efforts.
The significance of both starch quantity and property on sponge cake quality was elucidated. This will help us better select breeding lines and varieties of soft white wheat with superior sponge cake baking quality.
Pros and cons of bran particle size reduction in whole wheat bread making and crumb staling during storage was elucidated.
Factors affecting Falling Numbers quality assessment are being evaluated in several programs across the region and strategies devised to deal with this quality concern in market channels.

Date of Annual Report: 02/14/2014

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 01/22/2014 - 01/24/2014
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2013 - 12/01/2013

Participants

Participants Attachment:

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Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

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Accomplishments

COLORADO In fall 2013, hard white wheat experimental line CO09W293 (KS01HW152-6/HV9W02-267W pedigree) was advanced for foundation seed production to enable release as a new cultivar in fall 2014. In two years of testing in the CSU Elite Trial (18 location-years), dryland yield of CO09W293 was 102% of trial average, compared to 109% for Byrd, 101% for Antero, 97% for Hatcher, 92% for Thunder CL, and 88% for Snowmass. CO09W293 has average test weight and straw strength, and is moderately susceptible to stripe rust and susceptible to leaf rust. Pre-harvest sprouting tolerance and L-DOPA polyphenol oxidase activity of CO09W293 are both similar to Hatcher, Snowmass, and Antero. DNA marker analysis showed that CO09W293 was heterogeneous for the overexpressed Bx7 (Bx7OE) high molecular weight glutenin subunit from HW9W02-267W. Breeder seed of CO09W293 was produced in Yuma AZ using a headrow purification for Bx7OE based on DNA marker analysis. Among 360 progeny rows from individual heads selected from CO09W293, 190 were homogeneous for Bx7OE and, based on observations in Yuma AZ, 93 were bulked to form the breeder seed. Dough strength of the un-purified CO09W293 appears to be intermediate to Antero and Snowmass. If released, CO09W293 will be positioned as a complement to Snowmass, Thunder CL, and Antero in the CWRF-ConAgra Ultragrain Premium Program. Routine screening in 2012-2013 included 4500 SKCS tests, 2000 Mixographs, 1000 PPO tests, and 500 Quadrumat Senior milling and pup-loaf bake tests. Included among these were 116 variety trial samples and these data were reported in the CSU variety trial summary. In 2013, we continued quality-related research, including field and laboratory evaluation of near-isogenic line (NIL) selections for Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 alleles and genomic selection model development for end-use quality characteristics (including pre-harvest sprouting tolerance). These research projects form the basis for a PhD dissertation of graduate student Jessica Cooper. MONTANA SPRING WHEAT Approximately 3 million acres of hard red spring wheat were seeded in 2013. A dry spring caused some planting issues, but rainfall during the early summer resulted in a good crop for most of the state. The leading variety in Montana was Vida, which has high yield potential related to its ability to maintain green leaves for an extended period after heading. This trait originated in the North Dakota variety Reeder. Vida has also been observed to have some resistance to the wheat stem sawfly. A new variety named Duclair was first marketed as Foundation Seed in 2013. Major agronomic objectives for the program are excellent yield potential in the harsh Montana environments and resistance to the wheat stem sawfly. An additional objective is for resistance to the orange wheat blossom midge. End-use quality targets for all varieties remain excellent bread-making properties, including selection for high grain protein, strong gluten, good water absorption, and large loaf volume. MONTANA WINTER WHEAT Montana harvested winter wheat acreage for 2013 was 1.90 million acres averaging ~43 bu/acre (total production ~81.7 million bushels). Leading varieties were Yellowstone (23.5%), Genou (14.0%), AP503CL2 (6.9%), Decade (6.0%), CDC Falcon (5.1%), Rampart (4.5%), erry (4.4%) and Ledger (3.6%),. The winter wheat program emphasizes on-farm productivity characteristics and quality characteristics to compete in a global market place. Specific objectives include productivity, adaptation (cold tolerance, maturity, stress tolerance), pest resistance (wheat stem sawfly, wheat streak mosaic virus, stem rust), and dual-purpose end-use quality. End-use quality goals are high grain protein and gluten strength, high flour extraction and low ash content, good dough mixing and bread baking quality, and superior noodle color and textural characteristics. David May, M.S. student, continues a research project to transfer root lesion nematode resistance into adapted winter wheat cultivars. MONTANA SMALL GRAIN QUALITY Starch synthase I (SSI) II (SSII) and III (SSIII) are involved in amylopectin synthesis. Durum wheats were screened to identify genotypes that had a null allele at one or more of these starch synthase genes. Two genotypes were identified that had the null allele for SSIIa-A locus indicated by the lack of SGP-A1 (starch granule protein A1). Both sources of the null mutation had the same 29 bp deletion in the first exon of SSIIa-A. These were both crossed to Mountrail, an adapted durum wheat to create populations segregating for the SSIIa-Aa wild type and SSIIa-Ab null alleles. The SGP-A1 nulls were crossed with the durum variety ‘Mountrail’ and F5 derived SGP-A1 null progeny lines were treated with EMS. From each EMS population, one SGP-B1 null mutation was recovered with each being a missense mutation. Each of the SGP-1 nulls was found to have large increases in amylose content and reduced binding of SGP-2 and SGP-3 to the interior of starch granules. RNA-Seq was used to examine the impact the loss of SGP-1 has upon other starch biosynthetic genes. Significant increases in transcript levels of several starch biosynthetic genes were observed in SGP-1 nulls relative to Mountrail. The resultant high amylose durums may prove useful in the creation of value added pasta with increased firmness and reduced glycemic index. Pina and Pinb genes exist as single-copy genes only on chromosome 5D. Four additional copies of Pinb-like genes ( Pinb-2v1 to Pinb-2v4) have been reported that map to group 7 chromosomes. RNA sequencing was used to accurately measure transcript levels of Pina, Pinb, and each of the four Pinb-2 variants in developing wheat seeds. All four Pinb-2 variants showed expression levels from 1 to 7.6% that of Pinb. Given the relative low expression levels of each Pinb-2, it is unlikely that they substantially contribute to grain hardness variation. Molecular markers for the red grain color (R) loci controlling seed color and the polyphenol oxidase (Ppo-A1) locus controlling polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in seed have recently been developed. These markers provided the opportunity to convert the hard red spring wheat cultivars Choteau and Hank to white-seeded versions with high and low PPO levels, respectively. These sets of near-isogenic lines provided material to test the effects of seed color and PPO activity on a range of end-use quality traits. We tested recurrent parents Choteau and Hank, along with nearisogenic derivatives with white seed, in two replicated trials in Bozeman, Montana, for end-use quality parameters. The white-seeded lines consisted of both high- and low-PPO near-isogenic lines. The primary impact of white seed was the production of whole wheat bread with a perceived sweeter taste relative to the red-seeded lines. Noodle color was not consistently impacted by the level of PPO variation despite relatively large reductions in PPO level. These results suggested that hard white low-PPO hard spring wheat would be advantageous in terms of conferring brighter color to Asian noodles and a sweeter taste to whole wheat bread. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS Drought tolerance: We completed a genetic study characterizing different regions of the rye chromosome 1RS introgressed into common wheat and determined that the most distal segment of this chromosome is critical for drought tolerance. We are now combining this rye 1RS segment associated with improved drought tolerance with the stripe rust resistance genes Yr15 and the strong gluten allele 7Bx-over-expressor (7BxOEthat are all located in the same chromosome. Stripe rust: We are also combining slow rusting genes, which are effective at the adult plant stage and do not provide a complete protection against the pathogen but are more durable. In this are we continue the introgression of Yr18, Yr36 and Yr48. We continued our efforts to identify novel sources of resistance. We screened 1,000 accessions for the NSGC wheat core collection for stripe rust resistance and genotyped these lines with a chip including 9,000 molecular markers. Using association mapping, we identified seven regions of the wheat genome are associated with high levels of resistance. Increased resistant starch: To increase amylose and resistant starch content in both hexaploid and tetraploid wheat we generated mutants for the Starch branching Enzyme II (SBEIIa) that is responsible for the addition of the starch branches. We obtained mutants for the 2 copies of the SBEIIb and the SbeIIa genes, and generated double SBEIIa-SBEIIb mutants in tetraploid wheat. The double mutant shows a 7-fold increase in resistance starch. UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO – ABERDEEN In 2013, we evaluated a total of 18,862 yield plots from 31 spring wheat and 22 winter wheat trials over four winter and four spring wheat locations. We also evaluated a total of 20,089 headrows over two environments in Aberdeen, ID. In addition, we produced breeder seed for two hard white spring wheat lines IDO694C and IDO1203S, and one hard red spring wheat line IDO862E, planted breeder seed headrows for two hard white winter lines IDO1101 and IDO1209DH, and two soft white winter lines IDO1108DH and IDO1004. We have proposed to release IDO694C, IDO1203S, and IDO1108DH in 2014. One PhD student Junli Zhang graduated this summer and took a post doctorate position at University of California Davis. Another PhD student Brian Bowman and MS student Santosh Nayak are anticipating graduating in spring of 2014. We hired a new field technician this spring and a new MS student this fall. We filed a PVP invention disclosure for UI Stone soft white spring wheat cultivar released in 2012. The exclusive license of UI Stone was signed with Lima Grain Cereal Seeds (LCS) to market this cultivar in Idaho and some areas in PNW. We have established a joint quality testing program with private companies to market hard white wheat cultivars such as UI Silver. We have successfully integrated di-haploid (DH) system in the breeding program. The soft white winter line IDO1108DH was developed using wheat by maize DH system in 2008. This line showed very good performance in regional trials and being evaluated in 2014 PNW QC. We obtained additional 300 DH lines to speed up hard white winter releases for irrigated production. We are currently assessing bread baking quality of these new DH lines via molecular markers. As result of the previous screenings we identified high level of FHB resistance in UI Stone. Through single seed decent method we developed a mapping population from UI Stone x Alturas. This population has been evaluated for FHB resistance in three greenhouse experiments and is currently being genotyped with SSR, SNP, and GBS markers. One MS student Santosh Nayak leads this project and he is expecting to graduate in May of 2014. As a major participant of TCAP we are responsible for phenotyping water and nitrogen use efficiency (WUE and NUE) and yield in materials from National Small Grain Collection (NSGC) using a high throughput method (canopy spectral reflectance). We are also responsible for identifying novel germplasm, molecular markers associated with high WUE and NUE and yield using SNP in association mapping. In 2013, we completed phenotypic evaluation of 540 winter wheat accessions under three water/nitrogen treatments. We also repeated an assessment for 200 spring wheat accessions under terminal drought condition. We are currently in the processing of two manuscripts from this and the previous evaluations. As an expanded evaluation, we assessed 110 hard white spring wheat accessions for alpha amylase damage (a quality defect) and identified several chromosomal locations controlling this genetic defect. One manuscript derived from this project has been tentatively accepted by Crop Science for publication. We have established a screening protocol in growth chamber for late maturity alpha amylase (LMA) and obtained useful information for LMA resistance or susceptibility in some of widely grown cultivars and new experimental lines. We also assessed falling number for a mapping population and 76 elite lines harvested from four diverse environments Kimberly, Tetonia, Aberdeen irrigated, and Aberdeen terminal drought. We confirmed the 2012 findings on environmental and genetic effects. WASHINTON STATE UNIVERSITY WINTER WHEAT Two new cultivars were approved for release by WSU in 2013, Puma (SWW) and Sprinter (HRW). Puma is targeted to the high rainfall zones and has excellent yield potential and disease resistance, whereas Sprinter is targeted to late-planted areas of the state and has very high grain protein content. Our program continues to develop wheat cultivars for Washington. We have promising lines on increase for potential release in 2014. We continue to focus a large effort on end-use quality in the breeding program and have recently brought on two new graduate students to assist in identifying genetic markers linked to end-use quality traits. We continually screen all material for diseases that impact the state. Our breeding locations span the state to account for different disease pressures and rainfall zones, and agronomic data is collected on all locations. This fall we had crusting rain at harvest in the deep-furrow areas of the state and gained valuable information on the emergence of lines in the breeding program. We continue to couple our doubled-haploid program with marker assisted selection and have advanced lines to various testing locations across the state. We are finishing up research using hyperspectral imaging data to select for yield potential, agronomic traits, and disease resistance, and will begin implementing that technology in the breeding program in 2014. Lines carrying two-gene resistance to Imazamox are in various stages of testing in the program and are being considered for release potential. Overall, we continue to develop methods of selection to improve the overall effectiveness and efficiency of the breeding program in order to deliver cultivars to growers to meet their production demands. WESTERN WHEAT QUALITY LAB • New research on how the house mouse shaped the evolutionary trajectory of wheat. • Statistical analysis on the experimental design using the house mouse to determine grain feeding preferences. • Collaboration on the segregation analysis of Puroindoline b-2 variants 2 and 3, and their association with grain texture in wheat. • Collaboration on molecular characterization and diversity of Puroindoline b-2 variants in cultivated and wild diploid wheat. • Identified how wheat arabinoxylan structure provides insight into function. • Completed a comprehensive survey of soft wheat grain quality in United States germplasm. • Assisted in the registration of two new wheat varieties “Cara” and “Otto”. • Each year Doug Engle and Dr. Morris organize the Pacific Northwest Wheat Quality Council, with attendance of approximately 80, there are 22 collaborators which included ADM Milling, Agri-Pro/Syngenta, Central Milling, Cereal Foods Processors, ConAgra, Horizon Milling, Kraft/Nabisco, Continental Mills, Pendleton Flour Milling, USDA-GIPSA-FGIS, WestBred LLC, and others. Engle and Morris also organize the Overseas Varietal Analysis Project, Soft White & Club Wheats for U.S. Wheat Associates. WHEAT MARKETING CENTER • Education o Conducted 11 week-long baking short courses to participants from around the world o Conducted two week-long Asian noodle technology short courses o Conducted 37 wheat quality workshops for farmers, students, grain trades, state wheat commissions, government officials, U.S. Wheat Associates board members, etc. o Conducted two elevator operator trainings (Managing wheat inventory to maximize profits • Research - Published eight scientific papers in international journals on various subjects • US wheat crop quality survey - Analyzed U.S. soft white and hard white crop quality and developed reports

Publications

Publications Attachment:

Attachment

Impact Statements

CSU One hard white winter wheat (HWW) experimental line was advanced for foundation seed production to enable release as a new cultivar in fall 2014. Field samples from two genetic studies related to end-use quality were collected in 2012 and were evaluated in 2013. The first study focuses on characterization of effects associated with combinations of alleles at Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 and the second study is related to development of genomic selection prediction models for a range of end-use quality characteristics, including pre-harvest sprouting tolerance.
MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Warhorse (MTS0808) was released. Warhorse is a hard red winter, high yield potential, high stem solidness, low cutting by wheat stem sawfly, resistant to prevalent races of stem and stripe rust. ?Colter? (MT08172) = high yielding hard red winter similar in grain yield and most agronomic and end-use quality characteristics to Yellowstone with improved test weight and stem rust resistance. ?WB3768? (MTW08168) = high yielding hard white winter similar in grain yield and most agronomic and end-use quality characteristics to Yellowstone, with low PPO. WB3768 is licensed to WestBred. MT08172 (Colter) and MT0978, in comparison to the check cultivar Yellowstone, where evaluated at the 2013 Wheat Quality Council Meeting in Kansas City, MO for quality performance.
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY WHEAT BREEDING Trial results on statewide trials are reported on the wheat breeding and genetics web page (http://cropandsoil.oregonstate.edu/wheat/state_performance_data.htm). These trials continue to be used extensively by growers, fieldmen, the seed industry, and extension agents to determine what varieties to plant/recommend. These trials and the related field days, grower meetings, and extension publications are in part responsible for the current shift away from older varieties such as Madsen, Stephens, and Alpowa towards the newer higher yielding varieties from the PNW wheat breeding programs. In fact in 2013 84% of the wheat acreage in Oregon was planted to newer, higher yielding varieties. These trials play a large role in providing growers with the unbiased variety performance information they require.
OSU-UI-WSU In 2013, a collaborative project between OSU, WSU, and UI continued to evaluate fungicide efficacy and optimum timing to control stripe rust in the PNW. Data from 15 locations (8 in Oregon, 4 in Washington and 3 in Idaho) provided results for dissemination to growers, crop consultants, and researchers. It is also important to note that in both study years the stripe rust infections were more typical of what the PNW experiences as compared to the abnormal epidemic year of 2011. Thus, the study results should be a good representation of how growers can manage stripe rust in typical years.
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY WHEAT QUALITY Cereal quality - recently we determined that grain protein concentration (GPC) modulates falling number FN results in the absence of excess alpha amylase (AA). As lower protein SWW is desired in the marketplace, this makes the Oregon SWW crop susceptible to price discounts even when grain does not have the excess AA fault. In the course of this investigation it was determined over two seasons that specific genotypes did not experience increased FN as GPC increased while others did. This observation has led to two further areas of investigation that we believe can illuminate the underlying physical chemistry interactions and genetic underpinnings of the relationship between FN and GPC. A graduate student (Zhang) is working to understand the relationship between starch granule breakdown, the basis of the FN test, and the heat-setting of gluten proteins from wheats of divergent gluten composition.
UNIVERISTY OF IDAHO ABERDEEN The releases of hard white, hard red, and soft white spring and winter wheat varieties with improved end-use quality would directly benefit Idaho growers, consumers, end-users, improve Idaho and national agricultural revenue, and help our growers remain competitive in the international marketplace. Doubled haploid system and marker-assisted selection accelerated the breeding processing and cultivar releases.
WESTERN WHEAT QUALITY LAB The genetic basis for wheat grain quality was advanced. Methods of analyzing the physical and chemical properties of wheat grain were improved.
WHEAT MARKETING CENTER Developed laboratory making and evaluation protocols of whole-wheat saltine cracker that can be used to evaluate wheat variety and ingredient functionality in the cracker application. Installed a new pilot-scale biscuit line that will greatly expand WMC?s ability to conduct research and teach short courses on U.S. soft white wheat. Investigated the effect of bran particle sizes on the quality characteristics of whole-wheat noodle so the millers could produce suitable whole wheat flour in this product application. Provided education to U.S. wheat end-users and customers about the uses and nutritional values of U.S. wheat through technical short courses and workshops. Surveyed soft white and hard white crop quality and presented results to U.S. wheat customers worldwide.
WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY SPRING WHEAT Puma (WA8134; SWW) was approved for release in 2013. Puma is targeted to the higher rainfall zones of Washington. It has very high yield potential in both the 16-20? and >20? rainfall zones of the state. Puma also has very good adult plant resistance to stripe rust, caries the Pch1 gene for foot rot resistance, and has tolerance to Cephalosporium stripe. Its end-use quality is also very good. Sprinter (WA8118; HRW) was approved for release in 2013. Sprinter is targeted to be planted late in the season, when limited moisture prevents a timely-planted crop. Traditionally, this has been in the <8? precipitation zones and in some no-till-fallow rotations. Sprinter is recommended to be planted late because of its early heading; planting early can result in significant loss to frost damage. Sprinter has very high grain protein content averaging 14.4%. It has superior end-use quality.

Date of Annual Report: 02/03/2015

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 01/21/2015 - 01/23/2015
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2013 - 09/30/2014

Participants

Participants Attachment:

PNW WQC 2015cy Meeting Participants.pdf

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

PNW WQC 2015cy Meeting Agenda.pdf

Accomplishments

IDAHO After licensed UI Stone and UI Platinum, we are in the process of releasing hard white winter line IDO1101 and soft white winter line IDO1108DH. Foundation seed of the two lines were planted in  Aberdeen in the fall of 2015. We also planted breeder seed for a new short hard white winter line  IDO1506 this fall and will plant breeder seed for additional two short hard white spring lines  (IDO1602 and IDO1604) in the spring of 2016. In addition, we harvested breeder seed for hard white  winter line IDO1209DH, two soft white winter lines IDO1004 and IDO1005, two hard white spring lines  IDO1202S and IDO1203S-A, and one hard red spring wheat line IDO862E. These lines are pending to  release upon additional testing and when a licensed partner identified. Breeding using wheat x maize system. Wheat by maize doubled haploid (DH) system has been used in  the program and generated six breeding and mapping populations since 2008. IDO1108DH, the first  soft white winter DH line made in 2008 is going to be released in the spring of 2016. We also  selected two hard red winter DH lines IDO1607DH and IDO1609DH derived from the cross IDO835 x  Moreland. The two lines are being evaluated on the second year in the Western Regional trials and  in the seed increase in the breeding program. One hard white winter DH population derived from UI  Silver x Shaan89150 and the other hard white spring DH population derived from UI Platinum x SY  Capstone showed very good agronomic performance in 2015. These DH lines are being evaluated for  bread baking quality in Idaho Wheat Lab in Aberdeen, ID. The two DH populations will result in not  only elite lines but also molecular markers that can be used to select excellent bread baking  quality of UI Silver and UI Platinum. Molecular markers associated with resistance genes to dwarf  bunt and stripe rust will also be identified in the three DH populations in 2016. Breeding using molecular marker assisted selection. Using molecular marker assisted selection we  pyramided three disease resistance genes FHB1, H25, and Yr36 and advanced 640 lines in 2014. The  640 lines were evaluated in yield trials in two locations this year. These lines were also  evaluated for stripe rust resistance in a field nursery in Pullman, WA, for Hessian Fly resistance  in Moscow and a USDA-ARS Lab in North Dakota, and molecular markers for FHB1, H25, and Yr36 in  Western Genotyping Lab. The selected lines are being tested for bread baking quality. We are  expecting to release three hard red spring wheat lines (IDO1601S, IDO1603S, and IDO1605S) with high  yield, resistance to stripe rust, hessian Fly, and Fusarium head blight (FHB). Breeding for resistance to fusarium head blight. Our effort on Fusarium head blight has significantly increased as the problem is increasing. After a MS student Santosh Nayak completed his mapping project of FHB resistance in UI Stone, we initiated an association mapping project using a panel of 190 spring wheat lines grown in PNW and CIMMYT. The 190 lines were inoculated and evaluated in Aberdeen (field and greenhouse) and University of Minnesota this year, with the support from USDA-ARS US Wheat & Barley Scan Initiative (USWBSI). In addition to the genomics work, we have advanced 50 F4 populations. These breeding populations will be inoculated along with the 190 lines in 2016.   WASHINGTON       OREGON     USDA-ARS WESTERN WHEAT QUALITY LAB New research on the repeatability of mice consumption discrimination of wheat varieties across field experiments and mouse cohorts. Modeled the end-quality in U.S. soft wheat germplasm. Identified quality characteristics of soft kernel durum wheat. Tracked arabinoxylan content through the preparation of pancakes and the bread-baking process. Collaborated on the extrusion characteristics and rheological properties of waxy soft white wheat. Identified how the internal structure of carbonized wheat grains relate to kernel texture. Identified the use of a Student’s t statistic as a phenotype of relative consumption preference of wheat grain. Collaborated on research on the functional and nutritional characteristics of wheat grown in organic and conventional cropping systems. Collaborated on the phytocehmical profile and antiproliferative activity of dough and bread made from refined and whole wheat flours. Identified the effect of wheat seed color and hardness genes on the consumption preference of the house mouse. Each year Doug Engle and Craig Morris organize the Pacific Northwest Wheat Quality Council, with attendance of approximately 80, there are 22 collaborators which included ADM Milling, Agri-Pro/Syngenta, Grain Craft, Ardent Mills, Mondel_z, Continental Mills, USDA-GIPSA-FGIS, Monsanto/WestBred, and others. Engle and Morris also conduct the Overseas Varietal Analysis Project, Soft White & Club Wheats for U.S. Wheat Associates.   COLORADO In fall 2015, hard red winter wheat (HRW) experimental line CO11D174 was formally released by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station. CO11D174 is a doubled-haploid line developed from the cross TAM 112/Byrd made in 2009. CO11D174 will be marketed as ‘Avery’ by the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation (CWRF) under the PlainsGold Brand. In three years of testing in the CSU Elite Trial (28 location-years, 2013-2015), dryland yield of Avery was 104% of trial average, compared to 105% for Antero HWW, 103% for Denali HRW, 102% for Byrd HRW, and 96% for Hatcher HRW. In three years of testing in the CSU Dryland Uniform Variety Performance Trial (18 location-years, 2014-2015), dryland yield of Avery was 109% of trial average, compared to 121% for Antero HWW, 110% for Denali HRW, 104% for Byrd HRW, and 100% for Hatcher HRW. Avery has excellent drought stress tolerance and winterhardiness, average test weight, and fair straw strength. Avery is resistant to Greenbug biotype E and the wheat curl mite, moderately susceptible to stripe rust, and susceptible to leaf rust and stem rust. End-use quality characteristics of Avery are excellent, with slightly larger kernels and higher bake water absorption than Byrd HRW. Routine screening in 2014-2015 included 1189 SKCS tests, 993 Mixographs, 1325 L-DOPA PPO tests, and 642 Quadrumat Senior milling and pup- loaf bake tests. Included among these were 190 multi-location variety trial samples and these data were reported in the CSU variety trial summary distributed to wheat producers. Genomic selection models, facilitated by single nucleotide (SNP) markers obtained via genotyping by sequencing, have been shown to provide surprisingly high prediction accuracies for several important quality-related traits, including mixograph and pup-loaf bake mixing time, pup loaf volume, and pre-harvest sprouting tolerance. These models are now in routine use in the breeding program to increase efficiency of selection and enable more rapid identification of breeding lines for the crossing program. In 2015, we initiated collaborative research focused on identification of metabolomic signatures underlying difference in sensory profiles (flavor and aroma) of products made from whole-grain hard white wheat.   MONTANA MONTANA SPRING WHEAT Approximately 2.5 million acres of hard red spring wheat were seeded in 2015. The season was characterized by early season heat and drought, followed by a period of rainfall and good growing conditions. Leading varieties in Montana were Vida, Reeder, SY Soren and SY Brennan. Vida and Choteau have some resistance to the wheat stem sawfly. A new variety named Duclair was grown on approximately 130,000 acres in 2015. The variety Egan, with resistance to the orange wheat blossom midge, was released for impacted areas in western Montana. Egan also has the high grain protein gene introduced from the variety GluPro and as such has grain protein levels approximately I percentage point higher than other varieties. Major agronomic objectives for the program remain excellent yield potential in the harsh Montana environments and resistance to the wheat stem sawfly. End-use quality targets for all varieties remain excellent bread-making properties, including selection for high grain protein, strong gluten, good water absorption, and large loaf volume. MONTANA WINTER WHEAT Montana harvested winter wheat acreage for 2015 was 2.22 million acres averaging ~41 bu/acre (total production ~91.0 million bushels). Leading varieties were Yellowstone (21.0%), Judee (16.4%), Decade (6.7%), and CDC Falcon (5.6%). The winter wheat program emphasizes on-farm productivity characteristics and quality characteristics to compete in a global market place. Specific objectives include productivity, adaptation (cold tolerance, maturity, stress tolerance), pest resistance (wheat stem sawfly, wheat streak mosaic virus, stem rust), and dual-purpose end-use quality. End-use quality goals are high grain protein and gluten strength, high flour extraction and low ash content, good dough mixing and bread baking quality, and superior noodle color and textural characteristics. David May finished a M.S. graduate program investigating transfer of root lesion nematode resistance into adapted winter wheat cultivars. ‘Northern’ (MT00978) was released to Montana producers fall, 2015. MONTANA GENETICS AND QUALITY The project identified genotypes useful in the creation of high amylose durum and reduced glycemic index food products. We demonstrated that increased amylose durum pasta is more firm and resistant to overcooking relative to standard pasta. We further found that high amylose durum is pronounced in having enhanced nutritional properties such as increased dietary fiber and protein content. We have expanded this objective to include the development of specific levels of amylose in both bread and durum wheat. We published a paper describing that allelic variation in wheat grain hardness alleles leads to end product quality differences with hardness highly correlated with break and total flour yield. Several lines having unique grain hardness and milling properties will be the focus of future germplasm release to make them available to breeding programs. We have complimented these studies by conducting similar studies on the wheat glutenin proteins to identify glutenin alleles which confer specific end product properties. We also completed studies determining the impact of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) gene variation upon wheat end product quality. Seed PPO activity is relevant to wheat end product quality because it is responsible for off colors that occur in both fresh noodles and refrigerated doughs. In our experiments we developed molecular markers specific for PPO mutations useful in decreasing seed PPO and improving wheat end product quality. Both the genotypes and markers are available for use in breeding programs.

Publications

IDAHO J. Chen*, J. Wheeler, K. O’Brien, W. Zhao, N. Klassen, J. Zhang, B. Bowman, Y. Wang, C. Jackson, J. M. Marshall, X.M. Chen. 2015. Release of ‘UI Platinum’ Hard White Spring Wheat. J. Plant Registration (online first). Bowman, B., J. Chen*, J. Zhang, J. Wheeler, Y. Wang, W. Zhao, S. Nayak, N. Heslot, H. Bockelman, and J.M. Bonman. 2015. Evaluating grain yield in spring wheat with canopy spectral reflectance. Crop Sci. 55:1881 – 1890. X. Liang, Y. Liu, B. Bowman, and J. Chen. 2015. Physiological Responses and Yield Component Changes of Winter Wheat Genotypes under Three Water Regimes. Poster presentation and abstract in the proceedings of ASA, CSSA and SSSA Int’l Annual meeting, St. Paul, Minnesota, Nov. 15-18. J. Chen*, J. Zhang, W. Zhao, J. Wheeler, N. Klassen, and J. Anderson. 2015. Assessment of resistance to Fusarium head blight in spring wheat lines grown in the Pacific Northwest and CIMMYT. Poster at Annual FHB Forum, St. Louis, MS, Dec. 7 -9, 2015. J. Chen*, X. Chen, J. Zhang, D. See, Sh. Chao and J.M. Bonman. 2015. Identifying quantitative trait loci for high-temperature adult-plant resistance to stripe rust of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Poster presentation at 2015 Borlaug Global Rust Initiative, Sydney, Australia, Sep. 17 to 20, 2015. Bowman, B., J. Zhang, J. M. Bonman, H. Bockelman, J. Wheeler, and J. Chen. 2015. Association Analysis of Yield in a Diverse Panel of Spring Wheat (T. aestivum L.) Genotypes. Poster presentation at PAG meeting, San Diego, California, Jan. 10-11, 2015. COLORADO El-Feki, W.M., P.F. Byrne, S.D. Reid, and S.D. Haley. 2015. Registration of CO940610/‘Platte’ wheat doubled haploid mapping population. J. Plant Reg. 9:419-423. Manmathan, H., V.A. Anderson, and S.D. Haley. 2015. Combining genotyping-by-sequencing and functional marker genotyping in wheat. Proc. CROPS 2015, Improving Agriculture with Genomics, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, May 2015. Stromberger, J., S.D. Haley, and J. Johnson. 2015. Wheat quality evaluations from the 2014 CSU dryland and irrigated variety trials. p. 34-40. In Colorado State University Agric. Exp. Stn. Technical Report, Wheat Field Days Edition, July 2015. Vinson, E.R., J. Chaparro, S.D. Haley, and A.L. Heuberger. 2015. Integrating metabolomics profiling and sensory analysis to improve flavor quality in bread wheat. 2015. Proc. Colorado Biological Mass Spectroscopy Society, Boulder, CO, 29 Oct. 2015. MONTANA Varella, A. C., D. K. Weaver, J. D. Sherman, N. K. Blake, H-Y. Heo, J. Kalous, S. Chao, M. L. Hofland, J. M. Martin, K. D. Kephart, and L. E. Talbert. 2015. Association analysis of stem solidness and wheat stem sawfly resistance in a panel of spring wheat germplasm from North America. Crop Sci. 55:2046- 2055. Kalous, J. R., J. M. Martin, J. D. Sherman, H. –Y. Heo, N. K. Blake, S. P. Lanning, J. L. A. Eckhoff, S. Chao E. Akhunov and L. E. Talbert. 2015. Impact of the D genome and quantitative trait loci on quantitative traits in a spring durum by spring bread wheat cross. Theor. Appl. Genet. 128:1799-1811. Blake, N. K., J. M. Martin, H.-Y. Heo,K. D. Kephart, S. P. Lanning and L. E. Talbert. 2015. Registration of near-isogenic lines for photoperiod response in hard red spring wheat. J. Plant. Reg. 9:239-243. Jordan, Katherine W., Shichen Wang, Yanni Lun, Laura-Jayne Gardiner, Ron Maclachlan, Pierre Hucl, Krysta Wiebe, Debbie Wong, Kerrie Forrest, IWGSC, Andrew G Sharpe, Christine HD Sidebottom, Neil Hall, Christopher Toomajian, Timothy Close, Jorge Dubcovsky, Alina Akhunova, Luther Talbert, Urmil Bansal, Harbans S Bariana, Matthew Hayden, Curtis Pozniak, Jeffrey J Jeddeloh, Anthony Hall and Eduard Akhunov. 2015. A haplotype map of allohexaploid wheat reveals distinct patterns of selection on homoeologous genomes. Genome Biology 16:48. Sherman, J. D.,N. K. Blake, J. M. Martin, K. D. Kephart, J. Smith, D. R. Clark, M. L. Hofland, D. K. Weaver, S. P. Lanning, H.-Y. Heo, M. Pumphrey, J. Chen, and L. E. Talbert. 2015. Agronomic impact of a stem solidness gene in near-isogenic lines of wheat. Crop Sci. 55:514-520. Berg, J.E., P.F. Lamb, J.H. Miller, D.M. Wichman, K.D. Kephart, R.N. Stougaard, G.P. Pradhan, D.L. Nash, W.E. Grey, D. Gettel, S. Gale, Y. Jin, J.A. Kolmer, X. Chen, G. Bai, T.D. Murray, and P.L. Bruckner. 2016. Registration of ‘Northern’ hard red winter wheat. J. Plant Reg. In press. Hystad, S.M., Martin, J.M., Graybosch, R.A., and M.J. Giroux. 2015. Genetic characterization and expression analysis of wheat (Triticum aestivum) line 07OR1074 exhibiting very low polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 128(8):1605-1615. Hogg, A.C., J.M. Martin, F.A. Manthey, and M.J. Giroux. 2015. Nutritional and quality traits of pasta made from SSIIa null high amylose-durum wheat. Cereal Chem. 92(4):395-400. Kammeraad, J.D., M.J. Giroux, A.C. Hogg, and J.M. Martin. Mutagenesis derived Puroindoline alleles in Triticum aestivum and their impacts upon end-product quality. Cereal Chemistry, accepted October 2015, in press. USDA-ARS WESTERN WHEAT QUALITY LAB Carter, A.H., Kidwell, K.K., DeMacon, V., Balow, K.A., Shelton, G.B., Higginbotham, R.W., Chen, X.M., Engle, D.A., Baik, B., and Morris, C.F. 2015. Registration of ‘Sprinter’ hard red winter wheat. J. Plant Registrations 9:196-200. Carter, B.P., Galloway, M.T., Morris, C.F., Weaver, G.L., and Carter, A.H. 2015. The case for water activity as a specification for wheat tempering and flour production. Cereal Foods World 60:166-170. Kiszonas, A.M., Fuerst, E.P., and Morris, C.F. 2015. Modeling end-quality in United States soft wheat germplasm. Cereal Chem. 92:57-64. Kiszonas, A.M., Fuerst, E.P., and Morris, C.F. 2015. Repeatability of mice consumption discrimination of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties across field experiments and mouse cohorts. J. Food Sci. 80:S1589-S1594. Kiszonas, A.M., Fuerst, E.P., and Morris, C.F. 2015. Use of a students’s t statistic as a phenotype of relative consumption preference of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain. J. Cereal Sci. 65:285-289. Kiszonas, A.M., Fuerst, E.P., Luthria, D., and Morris, C.F. 2015. Arabinoxylan content and characterisation throughout the bread-baking process. International J. Food Sci. Tech. 50:1911-1921. Kiszonas, A.M., Fuerst, E.P., Luthria, D., and Morris, C.F. 2015. Tracking arabinoxylans through the preparation of pancakes. Cereal Chem. 92:37-43. Kowalski, R.J., Morris, C.F., and Ganjyal, G.M. 2015. Waxy soft white wheat: extrusion characteristics and thermal and rheological properties. Cereal Chem. 92:145-153. Lu, Y., Fuerst, E.P., Lv, J., Morris, C.F., Yu, L., Fletcher, A., Kiszonas, A.M., Yu, L., and Luthria, D. 2015. Phytochemical profile and antiproliferative activity of dough and bread fractions made from refined and whole wheat flours. Cereal Chem. 92:271-277. Morris, C.F., Casper, J., Kiszonas, A.M., Fuerst, E.P., Murray, J., Simeone, M.C., and Lafiandra, D. 2015. Soft kernel durum wheat–a new bakery ingredient? Cereal Foods World 60:76-83. Morris, C.F. and Fuerst, E.P. 2015. Chapt. 30: Quality Characteristics of Soft Kernel Durum–A New Cereal Crop. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Wheat Genetics Symposium; Ogihara, Y., Takumi, S., and Handa, H., eds. Yokohama, Japan. Springer Publishing, pp. 275-278. Park, E.Y., Baik, B.-K., Miller, P.R., Burke, I.C., Wegner, E.A., Tautges, N.E., Morris, C.F., and Fuerst, E.P. 2015. Functional and nutritional characteristics of wheat grown in organic and conventional cropping systems. Cereal Chem. 92:504-512. Szymanski, R.M., and Morris, C.F. 2015. Internal structure of carbonized wheat (Triticum spp.) grains: relationships to kernel texture and ploidy. Vegetation History & Archaeobotany 24:503-515.

Impact Statements

Methods of analyzing the physical and chemical properties of wheat grain were improved.