Annual/Termination Reports:

[02/02/2011] [06/21/2012] [01/16/2013] [03/06/2014] [02/23/2015]

Report Information

Participants

Harsh, James (harsh@wsu.edu) - Washington State University;
Strawn, Daniel (dgstrawn@uidaho)  University of Idaho;
Anderson, Stephen (andersons@missouri.edu) - University of Missouri;
Bloom, Paul (pbloom@soils.umn.edu) - University of Minnesota;
Gimenez, Daniel (gimenez@envsci.rutgers.edu) - Rutgers University;
Hettiarachichi, Ganga (ganga@ksu.edu) - Kansas State University;
Loeppert, Richard (r-loeppert@tamu.edu) Texas A&M;
Smucker, Alvin (smucker@msu.edu) - Michigan State University;
Kang, Xia (kx6@msstate.edu) - Mississippi State University;
Ron Turco (AA) (rturco@purdue.edu) - Purdue University;
William Bland (incoming AA) (wlbland@wisc.edu) - University of Wisconsin;
Cavallaro, Nancy (NCAVALLARO@csrees.usda.gov) - NIFA;
Raymond Knighton (rknighton@nifa.usda.gov) - NIFA

Brief Summary of Minutes

Jim Harsh, Alvin Smucker, and Stephen Anderson met separately on Nov. 1 to discuss plans for the Bouyoucos Conference because Stephen was not available for the regular meeting.

Jim Harsh welcomed participants, introduced the incoming academic advisor William Bland, and asked for reports from participants on interactions at national labs and other facilities. Harsh noted a National Academy postdoc opportunity from Chunming Su (EPA). Ganga reported that Steve Sutton and others at the GSECARS is in the process of adding another endstation to Sector 13 at the APS to open to S, Mn and like elements while also having accessible K- or L-edges of heavier elements. Joseph Dvorak and few others at NSLS has submitted a proposal to built a soft x-ray beamline to help soil science and a few members wrote support letters for that. Strawn says there is a Canadian synchrotron source in Saskatchewan (CLS) with both soft and hard x-rays that is not heavily used and could be available for our group. There is a dedicated microtomography unit at the SIMBIOS Centre, Abertay University in Scotland. Phillippe Baveye is currently a scientist there. Smucker said that Kravchenko is developing with PNNL scientists a smooth surface model that can be used for 3D modeling.

Members discussed the relevance of the last AFRI call to soil science in general and synchrotron work in particular. Knighton and Cavallaro pointed out that stakeholders must provide input when requested. Air quality RFP mentioned synchrotron studies but there were no synchrotron proposals submitted. Smucker suggested a white paper from the group suggesting research areas for soils. Cavallaro said to be sure research is tied to Grand Challenge areas. Reaching out to groups not using synchrotron, like proteomics researchers, could be fruitful (Knighton). This would bring the group into modeling and scaling issues. Turco noted that the climate change RFA included genomics work and Argonne is pushing metagenomics for soils. Knighton discussed the National Atmospheric Deposition Program, which could provide samples. Synchrotron and other spectroscopic work could serve to differentiate particulate sourcese.g. agricultural vs. industrialand strengthen research in aerobiology.

Discussion of the upcoming Bouyoucos ConferenceAugust, 2011included potential speakers and other invitees. In addition to presenters suggested invitees included the PDs of soil processes and air quality AFRI programs, Society division chairs, representatives of other regional research groups. Some concern was voiced about getting too big and inability to get small focused breakout groups. Most agreed that the Conference could serve as the official meeting in 2011. Deadline for abstracts is Jun 1 2011. Registration will be $50. The NRI project directors meetings could be held in conjunction with the meetings. Final preparations will be carried out through email discussion with Smucker taking the lead. Bloom, Harsh, and Strawn will assist.

To meet Objective 3, it was suggested we start by compiling a list of liaisons for user facilities. Harsh volunteered to act as liaison for PNNL, Bloom and Toner for APS/AlS, and Strawn for SSRL. We also need to start documenting educational talks given to potential synchrotron and spectroscopy users at conferences, seminars, etc. It was announced that fellowships for PhD students are given at Argonne National Laboratory.

Elections were held and it was determined to keep Jim Harsh as chairman, Daniel Gimenez as vice-chair, and Dan Strawn as secretary.

Accomplishments

Members wrote and submitted a revised proposal for NC-1022, which is now the current NC-1187. The revised proposal was reviewed, suggested changes were made, and the project was approved.<br /> <br /> Plans for the Bouyoucos Conference were firmed up and no-cost extensions were obtained from NIFA and the Bouyoucos Conference funds. It will take place in Estes Park, Colorado on August 1-2, 2011.<br /> <br /> Members of the group used synchrotron spectroscopy and microscopy to better understand the biogeochemical reactions occurring on particulates in soils and air. Results from the groups research are providing better remediation strategies, improved agricultural practices, and protection of soil resources. Beamtime at the synchrotron facilities is obtained by peer-review of proposals. Group members have applied for beamtime and been allocated time at all of the major facilities. Utilizing the beamlines provides impetus for beamline scientists and engineers to design the capabilities of the beamlines to accommodate environmentally relevant samples. Publishing in highly regarded journals helps raise the stature of group members, making our beamtime request proposals more likely to be awarded.<br /> Group members have published numerous papers in international research journals on molecular speciation and transformation of chemicals associated with environmental particles. This work includes, but is not limited to, studies of metals, metalloids, and xenobiotics availability to plants and microorganisms as affected by particle-element interactions; toxicity and uptake of nanoparticles; bioavailability of plant; distribution and speciation of particle-associated elements in soil; transformations of metals and compounds on particle surfaces, adsorption of organics to soil minerals; mobility of colloids and nanoparticles in soils; and the role of soil particle surface on aggregation of soil particles and macro- and micro-porosity of soils.<br />

Publications

Aouad, A., A.S. Anastacio, F. Bergaya, and J.W. Stucki. 2010. A Mossbauer spectroscopic study of aluminum- and iron-pillared clay minerals. Clays and Clay Minerals 58:164-173.<br /> Baker, L.L., D.G. Strawn, and R.W. Smith. 2010. Cation Exchange on Vadose Zone Research Park Subsurface Sediment, Idaho National Laboratory. Vadose Zone Journal 9:476-485.<br /> Basso, B., M. Amato, G. Bitella, R. Rossi, A. Kravchenko, L. Sartori, L.M. Carvahlo, and J. Gomes. 2010. Two-Dimensional Spatial and Temporal Variation of Soil Physical Properties in Tillage Systems Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography. Agronomy Journal 102:440-449.<br /> Biasioli, M., J.K. Kirby, G.M. Hettiarachchi, F. Ajmone-Marsan, and M.J. McLaughlin. 2010. Copper Lability in Soils Subjected to Intermittent Submergence. (in English) Journal of Environmental Quality 39:2047-2053.<br /> Boparai, H.K., S.D. Comfort, T. Satapanajaru, J.E. Szecsody, P.R. Grossl, and P.J. Shea. 2010. Abiotic transformation of high explosives by freshly precipitated iron minerals in aqueous Fe-II solutions. Chemosphere 79:865-872.<br /> Breier, J.A., K. Anantharaman, B.M. Toner, and G.J. Dick. 2010. Biotic-abiotic interactions in deep-sea hydrothermal plumes. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 74:A120-A120.<br /> Breier, J.A., C.G. Rauch, K. McCartney, B.M. Toner, S.C. Fakra, S.N. White, and C.R. German. 2009. A suspended-particle rosette multi-sampler for discrete biogeochemical sampling in low-particle-density waters. (in English) Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers 56:1579-1589.<br /> Feng, X.H., M.Q. Zhu, M. Ginder-Vogel, C.Y. Ni, S.J. Parikh, and D.L. Sparks. 2010. Formation of nano-crystalline todorokite from biogenic Mn oxides. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 74:3232-3245.<br /> Ginder-Vogel, M., G. Landrot, J.S. Fischel, and D.L. Sparks. 2009. Quantification of rapid environmental redox processes with quick-scanning x-ray absorption spectroscopy (Q-XAS). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106:16124-16128.<br /> Han, T., H.R. An, and G. Mainelis. 2010. Performance of an Electrostatic Precipitator with Superhydrophobic Surface when Collecting Airborne Bacteria. Aerosol Science and Technology 44:339-348.<br /> Heller, H., A. Bar-Tal, G. Tamir, P. Bloom, R.T. Venterea, D. Chen, Y. Zhang, C.E. Clapp, and P. Fine. 2010. Effects of Manure and Cultivation on Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Corn Field under Mediterranean Conditions. (in English) Journal of Environmental Quality 39:437-448.<br /> Hettiarachchi, G.M., E. Lombi, M.J. McLaughlin, D.J. Chittleborough, and C. Johnston. 2010. Chemical behavior of fluid and granular Mn and Zn fertilisers in alkaline soils. Australian Journal of Soil Research 48:238-247.<br /> Khalid, S., W. Caliebe, P. Siddons, I. So, B. Clay, T. Lenhard, J. Hanson, Q. Wang, A.I. Frenkel, N. Marinkovic, N. Hould, M. Ginder-Vogel, G.L. Landrot, D.L. Sparks, and A. Ganjoo. 2010. Quick extended x-ray absorption fine structure instrument with millisecond time scale, optimized for in situ applications. Review of Scientific Instruments 81.<br /> Khwaja, A.R., P.R. Bloom, and P.L. Brezonik. 2010. Binding Strength of Methylmercury to Aquatic NOM. (in English) Environmental Science & Technology 44:6151-6156.<br /> Kim, H.M., S.H. Anderson, P.P. Motavalli, and C.J. Gantzer. 2010. Compaction effects on soil macropore geometry and related parameters for an arable field. Geoderma 160:244-251.<br /> Kumar, S., S.H. Anderson, and R.P. Udawatta. 2010a. Agroforestry and Grass Buffer Influences on Macropores Measured by Computed Tomography under Grazed Pasture Systems. (in English) Soil Science Society of America Journal 74:203-212.<br /> Kumar, S., S.H. Anderson, R.P. Udawatta, and C.J. Gantzer. 2010b. CT-measured macropores as affected by agroforestry and grass buffers for grazed pasture systems. (in English) Agroforestry Systems 79:59-65.<br /> Kwon, L.W., K.L. Armbrust, and K. Xia. 2010. Transformation of Triclosan and Triclocarban in Soils and Biosolids-applied Soils. Journal of Environmental Quality 39:1139-1144.<br /> Kwon, J. W., K. L. Armbrust, D. Vidal-Dorsch, S. M. Bay, K. Xia*. 2009. Determination of 17±-ethynylestradiol, carbamazepine, diazepam, simvastatin, and oxybenzone in fish livers. J. AOAC International. 92: 359-370.<br /> Lafferty, B.J., M. Ginder-Vogel, and D.L. Sparks. 2010a. Arsenite Oxidation by a Poorly Crystalline Manganese-Oxide 1. Stirred-Flow Experiments. Environmental Science & Technology 44:8460-8466.<br /> Lafferty, B.J., M. Ginder-Vogel, M.Q. Zhu, K.J.T. Livi, and D.L. Sparks. 2010b. Arsenite Oxidation by a Poorly Crystalline Manganese-Oxide. 2. Results from X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction. Environmental Science & Technology 44:8467-8472.<br /> Landrot, G., M. Ginder-Vogel, and D.L. Sparks. 2010b. Kinetics of Chromium(III) Oxidation by Manganese(IV) Oxides Using Quick Scanning X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy (Q-XAFS). Environmental Science & Technology 44:143-149.<br /> Langell, M.A., E. Kadossov, H. Boparai, and P. Shea. 2009. Effect of sodium dithionite on the surface composition of iron-containing aquifer sediment. Surface and Interface Analysis 41:941-950.<br /> Lioy, P.J., Y. Nazarenko, T.W. Han, M.J. Lioy, and G. Mainelis. 2010. Nanotechnology and Exposure Science What Is Needed To Fill the Research and Data Gaps for Consumer Products. (in English) International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 16:378-387.<br /> Liyanapatirana, C., S.R. Gwaltney, and K. Xia. 2010. Transformation of Triclosan by Fe(III)-Saturated Montmorillonite. Environmental Science & Technology 44:668-674.<br /> Mainelis, G., and M. Tabayoyong. 2010. The Effect of Sampling Time on the Overall Performance of Portable Microbial Impactors. Aerosol Science and Technology 44:75-82.<br /> Oram, L.L., D.G. Strawn, M.J. Morra, and G. Moller. 2010. Selenium Biogeochemical Cycling and Fluxes in the Hyporheic Zone of a Mining-Impacted Stream. Environmental Science & Technology 44:4176-4183.<br /> Parikh, S.J., B.J. Lafeerty, T.G. Meade, and D.L. Sparks. 2010. Evaluating Environmental Influences on As-III Oxidation Kinetics by a Poorly Crystalline Mn-Oxide. Environmental Science & Technology 44:3772-3778.<br /> Peltier, E., D. van der Lelie, and D.L. Sparks. 2010. Formation and Stability of Ni-Al Hydroxide Phases in Soils. Environmental Science & Technology 44:302-308.<br /> Premarathna, H.L., M.J. McLaughlin, J.K. Kirby, G.M. Hettiarachchi, D. Beak, S. Stacey, and D.J. Chittleborough. 2010. Potential Availability of Fertilizer Selenium in Field Capacity and Submerged Soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 74:1589-1596.<br /> Quazi, S., B. Toner, and P. Bloom. 2010b. The fate of phosphorus in biosolids treated soils: Speciation, transport and accumulation. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 74:A841-A841.<br /> Shang, J.Y., M. Flury, J.B. Harsh, and R.L. Zollars. 2010. Contact angles of aluminosilicate clays as affected by relative humidity and exchangeable cations. (in English) Colloids and Surfaces a-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 353:1-9.<br /> Shimizu, M., M. Ginder-Vogel, S.J. Parikh, and D.L. Sparks. 2010. Molecular Scale Assessment of Methylarsenic Sorption on Aluminum Oxide. Environmental Science & Technology 44:612-617.<br /> Smucker, A., E.J. Park, W. Wang, W.J. Sul, and M. Rivers. 2009. Forms and functions of meso and micro-niche capacities within soil aggregates. Journal of Nematology 41:381-381.<br /> Smucker, A.J.M., W. Wang, A.N. Kravchenko, and W.A. Dick. 2010a. Forms and Functions of Meso and Micro-niches of Carbon within Soil Aggregates. Journal of Nematology 42:84-86.<br /> Strawn, D.G., and L.L. Baker. 2009. Molecular characterization of copper in soils using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Environmental Pollution 157:2813-2821.<br /> Sunil, V.R., K.J. Patel, G. Mainelis, B.J. Turpin, S. Ridgely, R.J. Laumbach, H.M. Kipen, Y. Nazarenko, M. Veleeparambil, A.J. Gow, J.D. Laskin, and D.L. Laskin. 2009. Pulmonary effects of inhaled diesel exhaust in aged mice. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 241:283-293.<br /> Sverjensky, D.A., C.M. Jonsson, C.L. Jonsson, C.F. Estrada, N. Lee, K. Klochko, H.J. Cleaves, R.M. Hazen, S.J. Parikh, J.D. Kubicki, and D.L. Sparks. 2010. Attachment of acidic amino acids to mineral surfaces: Implications for prebiotic chemistry. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 74:A1011-A1011.<br /> Thelen, K.D., B.E. Fronning, A. Kravchenko, D.H. Min, and G.P. Robertson. 2010. Integrating livestock manure with a corn-soybean bioenergy cropping system improves short-term carbon sequestration rates and net global warming potential. Biomass & Bioenergy 34:960-966.<br /> Tomanek, L., J.M. Diehl, S.E. Johnson, K. Xia, and S.J. Teh. 2010. Nonylphenol in marine organisms in North American estuaries: Trophic chain accumulation and proteomic responses. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology a-Molecular & Integrative Physiology 157:S47-S48.<br /> Toner, B.M. 2010. Retention of biogeochemical signatures by iron oxyhydroxide minerals in deep-sea deposits. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 74:A1048-A1048.<br /> Toner, B.M., R.A. Lesniewski, J.J. Marlow, C.M. Santelli, W. Bach, B.N. Orcutt, and K.J. Edwards. 2010. Mineralogy selects microbial community characteristics at low-temperature along the global mid-ocean ridge. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 74:A1049-A1049.<br /> Vasilyeva, G.K., E.R. Strijakova, S.N. Nikolaeva, A.T. Lebedev, and P.J. Shea. 2010. Dynamics of PCB removal and detoxification in historically contaminated soils amended with activated carbon. Environmental Pollution 158:770-777.<br /> Verma, K.S., and K. Xia. 2010. Analysis of Triclosan and Triclocarban in Soil and Biosolids Using Molecularly Imprinted Solid Phase Extraction Coupled with HPLC-UV. Journal of Aoac International 93:1313-1321.<br /> Williams, M. A., K. Xia. 2009. Characterization of the water soluble soil organic pool following the rewetting of dry soil in a drought prone tallgrass prairie. Soil Biology Biochem.41:21-28.<br /> Xia, K., J. Atkins, C. Foster, and K. Armbrust. 2010. Analysis of Cyromazine in Poultry Feed Using the QuEChERS Method Coupled with LC-MS/MS. J. Agricul. Food Chem. 58:59455949.<br /> Xia, K., L.S. Hundal, K. Kumar, K. Armbrust, A.E. Cox, and T.C. Granato. 2010. Triclocarban, triclosan, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and 4-nonylphenol in biosolids and in soil receiving 33-year biosolids application. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 29:597-605.<br /> Yao, M.S., Y. Wu, S.Q. Zhen, and G. Mainelis. 2009. A comparison of airborne and dust-borne allergens and toxins collected from home, office and outdoor environments both in New Haven, United States and Nanjing, China. Aerobiologia 25:183-192.<br /> Zhu, M.Q., M. Ginder-Vogel, and D.L. Sparks. 2010a. Ni(II) Sorption on Biogenic Mn-Oxides with Varying Mn Octahedral Layer Structure. Environmental Science & Technology 44:4472-4478.<br /> Zhu, M.Q., M. Ginder-Vogel, S.J. Parikh, X.H. Feng, and D.L. Sparks. 2010b. Cation Effects on the Layer Structure of Biogenic Mn-Oxides. Environmental Science & Technology 44:4465-4471. <br />

Impact Statements

1. A Bouyoucos Conference is funded and is planned for Estes Park, CO on August 1-2, 2011. The conference will bring together scientists, program managers, and stakeholders to review current research and form breakout groups to write new proposals on the impact of particulate matter on air, soil, and water quality.
2. Liaisons were established for PNNL (Harsh), SSRL (Strawn), and APS/ALS (Bloom and Toner). The liaisons will communicate group needs to the facilities and keep project participants informed of calls for user proposals and upgrades in instrumentation.
3. Harsh is a co-PI on a grant from the National Science Foundation to study the role of biofilms in the transfer of plant nutrients from mineral particulates to trees via ectomycorrhizal fungi--NSF-ETBC $491,421 6/1/2010-12/1/2012. This grant is interdisciplinary with scientists from geology (Kent Keller), plant pathology (Linda Thomashow), and environmental science (Richard Gill). The research will increase our understanding of the role of biofilms the weathering of particulates in soils and the sustainability of agricultural and forest ecosystems.
4. Harsh will study the mobility of Tc-99 under waste tanks at the Hanford Site where caustic solutions have formed new particulates, which could incorporate Tc and lower its mobility. This project depends directly on cooperation with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory where state-of-the-art instrumentation is acquired and maintained. The work is directly related to remediation of the site in that priorities for efficient clean-up can be based on current scientific results. Dan Strawn will likely be brought into this project for his XAS expertise. DOE-ERSP Exploratory $150,000. 7/2009-6/2012.
5. Hettiarachchi will study reaction products and pathways of P in fertilized soils using XANES spectroscopy, in cooperation with the Advanced Photon Source, in combination with wet chemical methods measuring potential availability of P. Knowledge of the dominant solid P species present in soil following application of P fertilizers and linking that to potential P availability would help to efficiently manage P in our agricultural soil systems and to design more efficient P fertilizers. This research is funded by International Plant Nutrition Institute and the industry.
6. Hettiarachchi will study Se, S and some other constituents biochemical behavior in constructed wetland treatment system designed for the remediation of the flue gas desulphurization (FGD) wastewater stream. This work is interdisciplinary with researchers from the biological and agricultural engineering (Stacy Hutchinson), chemical engineering (Larry Erickson) and biochemistry (Lawrence Davis).
7. Kang Xia is PI on a grant from NSF-GLTG to study interactions between small peptides and mineral surfaces using phage display technology coupled with synchrotron based spectroscopy-$200,028, 07/01/2010  06/30/2013. This grant is in collaboration with environmental microbiology (Mark Williams). An interdisciplinary approach combines a broad array of novel molecular, biological, and synchrotron-based spectroscopic techniques to investigate the interaction mechanisms between soil minerals and small peptides, key components of soil organic nitrogen.

Back to top

Report Information

Participants

Stephen Anderson, University of Missouri
Paul Bloom, University of Minnesota
James Harsh, Washington State University
Alvin Smucker, Michigan State University
Daniel Strawn, University of Idaho
William Bland, University of Wisconsin
Raymond Knight, NIFA

Brief Summary of Minutes

Convened at Rocky Mountain Park Inn, Tuesday, August 2, 2011
Held in conjunction with NIFA Bouyoucos conference: Synchrotron characterization of airborne soil mineral and organic particulates originating from agriculturally modified ecosystems.
Present: Bill Bland, Jim Harsh, Paul Bloom, Ray Knight, Stephen Anderson, Alvin Smuckers, Cliff Johnston, Dan Strawn
Participant Reports
All participants are asked to send a list of all activities related to project objectives to Jim Harsh to include in annual report. This includes papers, presentations, and service.
Action Items
Discussed coordinating an effort to inform soil science students of training opportunities and scholarships in application of advanced instrumentation to soils research.
Discussed interest in conducting annual meeting in conjunction with other meetings, either multi-state or society meetings
Discussed developing a symposium for the 2012 SSSA annual meetings
Discussed developing a training workshop focused on soils and analytical capabilities. May be done in conjunction with another workshop, e.g., a summer synchrotron workshop.
Ray mentioned there are opportunities for group members to participate in funded CAP grants.
Group should inquire about participation at long-term research sites
We need to increase participation, particularly early career professionals.
USDA has higher education and challenge grants and the pre-doc fellowship programs that can be targeted for student funding.
Next meeting will be will be at PNNL. Jim Harsh is coordinating.
Election results are status quo: Chair-Jim Harsh, Vice-chair- , Secretary- Dan Strawn

Accomplishments

Outputs: Publications 10/2010--09/2011<br /> <br /> Aramrak, S., M. Flury, and J.B. Harsh. 2011. Detachment of Deposited Colloids by Advancing and Receding Air-Water Interfaces. Langmuir 27:9985-9993.<br /> Baker, L.L., D.G. Strawn, K.L. Vaughan, and P.A. McDaniel. 2010. XAS STUDY OF Fe MINERALOGY IN A CHRONOSEQUENCE OF SOIL CLAYS FORMED IN BASALTIC CINDERS. Clays and Clay Minerals 58:772-782.<br /> Baker, L.L., D.G. Strawn, W.C. Rember, and K.F. Sprenke. 2011. Metal content of charcoal in mining-impacted wetland sediments. Science of the Total Environment 409:588-594.<br /> Barrocas, P.R.G., W.M. Landing, and R.J.M. Hudson. 2010. Assessment of mercury(II) bioavailability using a bioluminescent bacterial biosensor: Practical and theoretical challenges. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China 22:1137-1143.<br /> Beak, D.G., J.K. Kirby, G.M. Hettiarachchi, L.A. Wendling, M.J. McLaughlin, and R. Khatiwada. 2011. Cobalt Distribution and Speciation: Effect of Aging, Intermittent Submergence, In Situ Rice Roots. Journal of Environmental Quality 40:679-695.<br /> Bedmar, F., P.E. Daniel, J.L. Costa, and D. Gimenez. 2011. SORPTION OF ACETOCHLOR, S-METOLACHLOR, AND ATRAZINE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE SOIL HORIZONS OF ARGENTINA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 30:1990-1996.<br /> de Livera, J., M.J. McLaughlin, D. Beak, G.M. Hettiarachchi, and J. Kirby. 2011a. Release of Dissolved Cadmium and Sulfur Nanoparticles from Oxidizing Sulfide Minerals. Soil Science Society of America Journal 75:842-854.<br /> de Livera, J., M.J. McLaughlin, G.M. Hettiarachchi, J.K. Kirby, and D.G. Beak. 2011b. Cadmium solubility in paddy soils: Effects of soil oxidation, metal sulfides and competitive ions. Science of the Total Environment 409:1489-1497.<br /> Gonzalez-Chavez, M.d.C.A., J.A. Aitkenhead-Peterson, T.J. Gentry, D. Zuberer, F. Hons, and R. Loeppert. 2010. Soil microbial community, C, N, and P responses to long-term tillage and crop rotation. Soil & Tillage Research 106:285-293.<br /> Guido, A.S., G.M. Hettiarachchi, C. Attanayake, P. Defoe, and M. Palomo. 2011. Bioavailability of lead in urban soil environments. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 241.<br /> Han, T., Y. Nazarenko, P.J. Lioy, and G. Mainelis. 2011. Collection efficiencies of an electrostatic sampler with superhydrophobic surface for fungal bioaerosols. Indoor Air 21:110-120.<br /> Hass, A., R.H. Loeppert, M.G. Messina, and T.D. Rogers. 2011. Determination of Phosphate in Selective Extractions for Soil Iron Oxides by the Molybdenum Blue Method in an Automated Continuance Flow Injection System. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 42:1619-1635.<br /> Kang, D.-H., S.C. Gupta, P.R. Bloom, A.Z. Ranaivoson, R. Roberson, and J. Siekmeier. 2011. Recycled Materials as Substitutes for Virgin Aggregates in Road Construction: II. Inorganic Contaminant Leaching. Soil Science Society of America Journal 75:1276-1284.<br /> Kaufhold, S., R. Dohrmann, J.W. Stucki, and A.S. Anastacio. 2011. LAYER CHARGE DENSITY OF SMECTITES - CLOSING THE GAP BETWEEN THE STRUCTURAL FORMULA METHOD AND THE ALKYL AMMONIUM METHOD. Clays and Clay Minerals 59:200-211.<br /> Kaufhold, S., K. Ufer, A. Kaufhold, J.W. Stucki, A.S. Anastacio, R. Jahn, and R. Dohrmann. 2010. QUANTIFICATION OF ALLOPHANE FROM ECUADOR. Clays and Clay Minerals 58:707-716.<br /> Khaokaew, S., R.L. Chaney, G. Landrot, M. Ginder-Vogel, and D.L. Sparks. 2011. Speciation and Release Kinetics of Cadmium in an Alkaline Paddy Soil under Various Flooding Periods and Draining Conditions. Environmental Science & Technology 45:4249-4255.<br /> Kim, H., S.H. Anderson, P.P. Motavalli, and C.J. Gantzer. 2010. Compaction effects on soil macropore geometry and related parameters for an arable field. Geoderma 160:244-251.<br /> Kravchenko, A., R.E. Falconer, D. Grinev, and W. Otten. 2011a. Fungal colonization in soils with different management histories: modeling growth in three-dimensional pore volumes. Ecological Applications 21:1202-1210.<br /> Kravchenko, A.N., A.N.W. Wang, A.J.M. Smucker, and M.L. Rivers. 2011b. Long-term Differences in Tillage and Land Use Affect Intra-aggregate Pore Heterogeneity. Soil Science Society of America Journal 75:1658-1666.<br /> Kravchenko, A.N., A.N.W. Wang, A.J.M. Smucker, and M.L. Rivers. 2011c. Long-term Differences in Tillage and Land Use Affect Intra-aggregate Pore Heterogeneity. Soil Science Society of America Journal 75:1658-1666.<br /> Kumar, S., R.P. Udawatta, and S.H. Anderson. 2010. Root length density and carbon content of agroforestry and grass buffers under grazed pasture systems in a Hapludalf. Agroforestry Systems 80:85-96.<br /> Kwon, H.-Y., and R.J.M. Hudson. 2010. Quantifying management-driven changes in organic matter turnover in an agricultural soil: An inverse modeling approach using historical data and a surrogate CENTURY-type model. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 42:2241-2253.<br /> Lafferty, B.J., M. Ginder-Vogel, and D.L. Sparks. 2010a. Arsenite Oxidation by a Poorly Crystalline Manganese-Oxide 1. Stirred-Flow Experiments. Environmental Science & Technology 44:8460-8466.<br /> Lafferty, B.J., M. Ginder-Vogel, M. Zhu, K.J.T. Livi, and D.L. Sparks. 2010b. Arsenite Oxidation by a Poorly Crystalline Manganese-Oxide. 2. Results from X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction. Environmental Science & Technology 44:8467-8472.<br /> Lee, S.S., C.J. Gantzer, A.L. Thompson, and S.H. Anderson. 2011. Polyacrylamide efficacy for reducing soil erosion and runoff as influenced by slope. (in English) Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 66:172-177.<br /> Li, T., Z. Di, X. Yang, and D.L. Sparks. 2011. Effects of dissolved organic matter from the rhizosphere of the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii on sorption of zinc and cadmium by different soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials 192:1616-1622.<br /> Lombi, E., G.M. Hettiarachchi, and K.G. Scheckel. 2011. Advanced in situ Spectroscopic Techniques and Their Applications in Environmental Biogeochemistry: Introduction to the Special Section. Journal of Environmental Quality 40:659-666.<br /> Masue-Slowey, Y., R.H. Loeppert, and S. Fendorf. 2011. Alteration of ferrihydrite reductive dissolution and transformation by adsorbed As and structural Al: Implications for As retention. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 75:870-886.<br /> Munoz, J.D., and A. Kravchenko. 2011. Soil carbon mapping using on-the-go near infrared spectroscopy, topography and aerial photographs. Geoderma 166:102-110.<br /> Nazarenko, Y., T.W. Han, P.J. Lioy, and G. Mainelis. 2011. Potential for exposure to engineered nanoparticles from nanotechnology-based consumer spray products. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 21:515-528.<br /> Oram, L.L., D.G. Strawn, and G. Moeller. 2011. Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability of Selenium in the Rhizosphere of Symphyotrichum eatonii from Reclaimed Mine Soils. Environmental Science & Technology 45:870-875.<br /> Parikh, S.J., J.D. Kubicki, C.M. Jonsson, C.L. Jonsson, R.M. Hazen, D.A. Sverjensky, and D.L. Sparks. 2011. Evaluating Glutamate and Aspartate Binding Mechanisms to Rutile (alpha-TiO2) via ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Calculations. Langmuir 27:1778-1787.<br /> Paudel, B.R., R.P. Udawatta, and S.H. Anderson. 2011. Agroforestry and grass buffer effects on soil quality parameters for grazed pasture and row-crop systems. Applied Soil Ecology 48:125-132.<br /> Pereira, M.C., L.C.D. Cavalcante, F. Magalhaes, J.D. Fabris, J.W. Stucki, L.C.A. Oliveira, and E. Murad. 2011. Composites prepared from natural iron oxides and sucrose: A highly reactive system for the oxidation of organic contaminants in water. Chemical Engineering Journal 166:962-969.<br /> Shalat, S.L., A.A. Stambler, Z. Wang, G. Mainelis, O.H. Emoekpere, M. Hernandez, P.J. Lioy, and K. Black. 2011. Development and In-Home Testing of the Pretoddler Inhalable Particulate Environmental Robotic (PIPER Mk IV) Sampler. Environmental Science & Technology 45:2945-2950.<br /> Shimizu, M., Y. Arai, and D.L. Sparks. 2011. Multiscale Assessment of Methylarsenic Reactivity in Soil. 1. Sorption and Desorption on Soils. Environmental Science & Technology 45:4293-4299.<br /> Somenahally, A.C., E.B. Hollister, R.H. Loeppert, W. Yan, and T.J. Gentry. 2011. Microbial communities in rice rhizosphere altered by intermittent and continuous flooding in fields with long-term arsenic application. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 43:1220-1228.<br /> Son, E.K., V. Krumins, B.J. Schwab, G. Mainelis, and D.E. Fennell. 2009. Monitoring Growth and Activity of Bacteria in Air. Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology 109.<br /> Stucki, J.W. 2011. A review of the effects of iron redox cycles on smectite properties. Comptes Rendus Geoscience 343:199-209.<br /> Tamir, G., M. Shenker, H. Heller, P.R. Bloom, P. Fine, and A. Bar-Tal. 2011. Can Soil Carbonate Dissolution Lead to Overestimation of Soil Respiration? Soil Science Society of America Journal 75:1414-1422.<br /> Udawatta, R.P., S.H. Anderson, P.P. Motavalli, and H.E. Garrett. 2011. Calibration of a water content reflectometer and soil water dynamics for an agroforestry practice. Agroforestry Systems 82:61-75.<br /> Urbanek, E., A.J.M. Smucker, and R. Horn. 2011. Total and fresh organic carbon distribution in aggregate size classes and single aggregate regions using natural C-13/C-12 tracer. Geoderma 164:164-171.<br /> Wang, W., A.N. Kravchenko, A.J.M. Smucker, and M.L. Rivers. 2011a. Comparison of image segmentation methods in simulated 2D and 3D microtomographic images of soil aggregates. Geoderma 162:231-241.<br /> Wang, W., A.N. Kravchenko, A.J.M. Smucker, and M.L. Rivers. 2011b. Comparison of image segmentation methods in simulated 2D and 3D microtomographic images of soil aggregates. Geoderma 162:231-241.<br /> <br /> Activities:<br /> <br /> In August, 2011, in association with our annual meeting, Alvin Smucker and other NC-1187 members (Bloom, Harsh, Strawn, Anderson) held a Bouyoucos Conference on "Synchrotron Characterization of Soil Mineral Surfaces, Organic and Inorganic Particulates and Pores in Agricultural Soils and other Modified Ecosystems" The primary focus of this conference was to explore the expanded use of synchrotron spectromicroscopy and other techniques in the atmospheric and soil sciences to better assist scientists, and state and federal regulators who are struggling to understand and regulate soil biological, chemical and physical transformations of particulate emissions from agricultural and forest ecosystems and range lands. New applications of emerging micro-scale synchrotron analytical approaches for characterizing these interactions occurring among airborne soil particulates were proposed and discussed by a diverse group of Conference participants. Leading scientists from field including soil mineralogy/chemistry, atmospheric modeling, x-ray microtomography, x-ray spectromicroscopy, and global modeling gave keynote talks to bring attendees up to date on the current state of both large scale modeling and spectroscopic techniques. Attendees presented posters of their current work. Breakout sessions were conducted outline potential collaborations for request for proposals coming out from NIFA and other funding agencies. <br /> <br /> Milestones:<br /> The Bouyoucos Conference was held. The working proposal group has not yet been formed.<br /> <br />

Publications

Aramrak, S., M. Flury, and J.B. Harsh. 2011. Detachment of Deposited Colloids by Advancing and Receding Air-Water Interfaces. Langmuir 27:9985-9993.<br /> Baker, L.L., D.G. Strawn, K.L. Vaughan, and P.A. McDaniel. 2010. XAS STUDY OF Fe MINERALOGY IN A CHRONOSEQUENCE OF SOIL CLAYS FORMED IN BASALTIC CINDERS. Clays and Clay Minerals 58:772-782.<br /> Baker, L.L., D.G. Strawn, W.C. Rember, and K.F. Sprenke. 2011. Metal content of charcoal in mining-impacted wetland sediments. Science of the Total Environment 409:588-594.<br /> Barrocas, P.R.G., W.M. Landing, and R.J.M. Hudson. 2010. Assessment of mercury(II) bioavailability using a bioluminescent bacterial biosensor: Practical and theoretical challenges. Journal of Environmental Sciences-China 22:1137-1143.<br /> Beak, D.G., J.K. Kirby, G.M. Hettiarachchi, L.A. Wendling, M.J. McLaughlin, and R. Khatiwada. 2011. Cobalt Distribution and Speciation: Effect of Aging, Intermittent Submergence, In Situ Rice Roots. Journal of Environmental Quality 40:679-695.<br /> Bedmar, F., P.E. Daniel, J.L. Costa, and D. Gimenez. 2011. SORPTION OF ACETOCHLOR, S-METOLACHLOR, AND ATRAZINE IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE SOIL HORIZONS OF ARGENTINA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 30:1990-1996.<br /> de Livera, J., M.J. McLaughlin, D. Beak, G.M. Hettiarachchi, and J. Kirby. 2011a. Release of Dissolved Cadmium and Sulfur Nanoparticles from Oxidizing Sulfide Minerals. Soil Science Society of America Journal 75:842-854.<br /> de Livera, J., M.J. McLaughlin, G.M. Hettiarachchi, J.K. Kirby, and D.G. Beak. 2011b. Cadmium solubility in paddy soils: Effects of soil oxidation, metal sulfides and competitive ions. Science of the Total Environment 409:1489-1497.<br /> Gonzalez-Chavez, M.d.C.A., J.A. Aitkenhead-Peterson, T.J. Gentry, D. Zuberer, F. Hons, and R. Loeppert. 2010. Soil microbial community, C, N, and P responses to long-term tillage and crop rotation. Soil & Tillage Research 106:285-293.<br /> Guido, A.S., G.M. Hettiarachchi, C. Attanayake, P. Defoe, and M. Palomo. 2011. Bioavailability of lead in urban soil environments. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 241.<br /> Han, T., Y. Nazarenko, P.J. Lioy, and G. Mainelis. 2011. Collection efficiencies of an electrostatic sampler with superhydrophobic surface for fungal bioaerosols. Indoor Air 21:110-120.<br /> Hass, A., R.H. Loeppert, M.G. Messina, and T.D. Rogers. 2011. Determination of Phosphate in Selective Extractions for Soil Iron Oxides by the Molybdenum Blue Method in an Automated Continuance Flow Injection System. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 42:1619-1635.<br /> Kang, D.-H., S.C. Gupta, P.R. Bloom, A.Z. Ranaivoson, R. Roberson, and J. Siekmeier. 2011. Recycled Materials as Substitutes for Virgin Aggregates in Road Construction: II. Inorganic Contaminant Leaching. Soil Science Society of America Journal 75:1276-1284.<br /> Kaufhold, S., R. Dohrmann, J.W. Stucki, and A.S. Anastacio. 2011. LAYER CHARGE DENSITY OF SMECTITES - CLOSING THE GAP BETWEEN THE STRUCTURAL FORMULA METHOD AND THE ALKYL AMMONIUM METHOD. Clays and Clay Minerals 59:200-211.<br /> Kaufhold, S., K. Ufer, A. Kaufhold, J.W. Stucki, A.S. Anastacio, R. Jahn, and R. Dohrmann. 2010. QUANTIFICATION OF ALLOPHANE FROM ECUADOR. Clays and Clay Minerals 58:707-716.<br /> Khaokaew, S., R.L. Chaney, G. Landrot, M. Ginder-Vogel, and D.L. Sparks. 2011. Speciation and Release Kinetics of Cadmium in an Alkaline Paddy Soil under Various Flooding Periods and Draining Conditions. Environmental Science & Technology 45:4249-4255.<br /> Kim, H., S.H. Anderson, P.P. Motavalli, and C.J. Gantzer. 2010. Compaction effects on soil macropore geometry and related parameters for an arable field. Geoderma 160:244-251.<br /> Kravchenko, A., R.E. Falconer, D. Grinev, and W. Otten. 2011a. Fungal colonization in soils with different management histories: modeling growth in three-dimensional pore volumes. Ecological Applications 21:1202-1210.<br /> Kravchenko, A.N., A.N.W. Wang, A.J.M. Smucker, and M.L. Rivers. 2011b. Long-term Differences in Tillage and Land Use Affect Intra-aggregate Pore Heterogeneity. Soil Science Society of America Journal 75:1658-1666.<br /> Kravchenko, A.N., A.N.W. Wang, A.J.M. Smucker, and M.L. Rivers. 2011c. Long-term Differences in Tillage and Land Use Affect Intra-aggregate Pore Heterogeneity. Soil Science Society of America Journal 75:1658-1666.<br /> Kumar, S., R.P. Udawatta, and S.H. Anderson. 2010. Root length density and carbon content of agroforestry and grass buffers under grazed pasture systems in a Hapludalf. Agroforestry Systems 80:85-96.<br /> Kwon, H.-Y., and R.J.M. Hudson. 2010. Quantifying management-driven changes in organic matter turnover in an agricultural soil: An inverse modeling approach using historical data and a surrogate CENTURY-type model. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 42:2241-2253.<br /> Lafferty, B.J., M. Ginder-Vogel, and D.L. Sparks. 2010a. Arsenite Oxidation by a Poorly Crystalline Manganese-Oxide 1. Stirred-Flow Experiments. Environmental Science & Technology 44:8460-8466.<br /> Lafferty, B.J., M. Ginder-Vogel, M. Zhu, K.J.T. Livi, and D.L. Sparks. 2010b. Arsenite Oxidation by a Poorly Crystalline Manganese-Oxide. 2. Results from X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction. Environmental Science & Technology 44:8467-8472.<br /> Lee, S.S., C.J. Gantzer, A.L. Thompson, and S.H. Anderson. 2011. Polyacrylamide efficacy for reducing soil erosion and runoff as influenced by slope. (in English) Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 66:172-177.<br /> Li, T., Z. Di, X. Yang, and D.L. Sparks. 2011. Effects of dissolved organic matter from the rhizosphere of the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii on sorption of zinc and cadmium by different soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials 192:1616-1622.<br /> Lombi, E., G.M. Hettiarachchi, and K.G. Scheckel. 2011. Advanced in situ Spectroscopic Techniques and Their Applications in Environmental Biogeochemistry: Introduction to the Special Section. Journal of Environmental Quality 40:659-666.<br /> Masue-Slowey, Y., R.H. Loeppert, and S. Fendorf. 2011. Alteration of ferrihydrite reductive dissolution and transformation by adsorbed As and structural Al: Implications for As retention. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 75:870-886.<br /> Munoz, J.D., and A. Kravchenko. 2011. Soil carbon mapping using on-the-go near infrared spectroscopy, topography and aerial photographs. Geoderma 166:102-110.<br /> Nazarenko, Y., T.W. Han, P.J. Lioy, and G. Mainelis. 2011. Potential for exposure to engineered nanoparticles from nanotechnology-based consumer spray products. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 21:515-528.<br /> Oram, L.L., D.G. Strawn, and G. Moeller. 2011. Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability of Selenium in the Rhizosphere of Symphyotrichum eatonii from Reclaimed Mine Soils. Environmental Science & Technology 45:870-875.<br /> Parikh, S.J., J.D. Kubicki, C.M. Jonsson, C.L. Jonsson, R.M. Hazen, D.A. Sverjensky, and D.L. Sparks. 2011. Evaluating Glutamate and Aspartate Binding Mechanisms to Rutile (alpha-TiO2) via ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Calculations. Langmuir 27:1778-1787.<br /> Paudel, B.R., R.P. Udawatta, and S.H. Anderson. 2011. Agroforestry and grass buffer effects on soil quality parameters for grazed pasture and row-crop systems. Applied Soil Ecology 48:125-132.<br /> Pereira, M.C., L.C.D. Cavalcante, F. Magalhaes, J.D. Fabris, J.W. Stucki, L.C.A. Oliveira, and E. Murad. 2011. Composites prepared from natural iron oxides and sucrose: A highly reactive system for the oxidation of organic contaminants in water. Chemical Engineering Journal 166:962-969.<br /> Shalat, S.L., A.A. Stambler, Z. Wang, G. Mainelis, O.H. Emoekpere, M. Hernandez, P.J. Lioy, and K. Black. 2011. Development and In-Home Testing of the Pretoddler Inhalable Particulate Environmental Robotic (PIPER Mk IV) Sampler. Environmental Science & Technology 45:2945-2950.<br /> Shimizu, M., Y. Arai, and D.L. Sparks. 2011. Multiscale Assessment of Methylarsenic Reactivity in Soil. 1. Sorption and Desorption on Soils. Environmental Science & Technology 45:4293-4299.<br /> Somenahally, A.C., E.B. Hollister, R.H. Loeppert, W. Yan, and T.J. Gentry. 2011. Microbial communities in rice rhizosphere altered by intermittent and continuous flooding in fields with long-term arsenic application. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 43:1220-1228.<br /> Son, E.K., V. Krumins, B.J. Schwab, G. Mainelis, and D.E. Fennell. 2009. Monitoring Growth and Activity of Bacteria in Air. Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology 109.<br /> Stucki, J.W. 2011. A review of the effects of iron redox cycles on smectite properties. Comptes Rendus Geoscience 343:199-209.<br /> Tamir, G., M. Shenker, H. Heller, P.R. Bloom, P. Fine, and A. Bar-Tal. 2011. Can Soil Carbonate Dissolution Lead to Overestimation of Soil Respiration? Soil Science Society of America Journal 75:1414-1422.<br /> Udawatta, R.P., S.H. Anderson, P.P. Motavalli, and H.E. Garrett. 2011. Calibration of a water content reflectometer and soil water dynamics for an agroforestry practice. Agroforestry Systems 82:61-75.<br /> Urbanek, E., A.J.M. Smucker, and R. Horn. 2011. Total and fresh organic carbon distribution in aggregate size classes and single aggregate regions using natural C-13/C-12 tracer. Geoderma 164:164-171.<br /> Wang, W., A.N. Kravchenko, A.J.M. Smucker, and M.L. Rivers. 2011a. Comparison of image segmentation methods in simulated 2D and 3D microtomographic images of soil aggregates. Geoderma 162:231-241.<br /> Wang, W., A.N. Kravchenko, A.J.M. Smucker, and M.L. Rivers. 2011b. Comparison of image segmentation methods in simulated 2D and 3D microtomographic images of soil aggregates. Geoderma 162:231-241.<br />

Impact Statements

1. Generate new fundamental knowledge of the properties of micro-and nano-meter scale particles in air, soil, and water. We will examine particles in agricultural systems that directly impact the availability of nutrients and to water and living organisms. Microscopic and spectroscopic methods will be used to characterize the locations, bonding mechanisms, and concentrations of P, K, Fe, micronutrients, and contaminant species associated with organic and inorganic particles.
2. Characterization of particles will be combined with macroscopic studies to link the thermodynamics and kinetics of dissolution and transport to the microscopic and molecular characterization in order to link particle properties with environmental behavior. We will develop mechanistic models for the partitioning of material at interfaces to link micro- and nano-meter scale processes to mass transfer at larger scales. These models will be applied to environmental and agricultural systems, including interactions between minerals and plant roots, atmosphere and air-borne particles, sediment and water, and nanoparticles and microbial cells.
3. Increase the utilization of national laboratory supported advanced analytical techniques by agricultural scientists. Members will use their contacts and influence on user committees of national laboratories and other service centers to gain access to state-of-the-art instrumentation. In addition, they will inform other members of the availability and capabilities of instrumentation through seminars, email, and posts to the project homepage. Each member will work to educate and encourage colleagues and collaborators at their institutions in the use and means of accessing modern instrumentation, including synchrotron sources and national user facilities.

Back to top

Report Information

Participants

James Harsh, Washington State University
William Bland, University of Wisconsin
Nancy Cavallero, NIFA
Alvin Smucker, Michigan State University
Donald Sparks, University of Delaware
Ganga Hettiarachchi, Kansas State University
Steven Anderson, University of Missouri
Arthur P. Schwab, Texas Agrilife Research

Brief Summary of Minutes

The annual meeting of the Multistate Research Project, NC1187 convened Tuesday, Oct 23, 2012 at 12 PM in Cincinnati, Ohio in conjunction with the ASA-CSA-SSSA Annual International Meeting. We welcomed Paul Schwab, a new participant from Texas A&M, following Richard Loepperts retirement. Jim Harsh, the current chair reminded the group that his term is completed and Daniel Gimenez will become the new chair, Dan Strawn, vice-chair, and Ganga Hettiarachchi was elected secretary. Their terms will begin in 2013.

The meeting began with a report from Nancy Cavallaro on RFPs from NIFA that would be relevant to our project. Relevant topics for NC1187 included nanoparticles in the environment; chemicals of environmental concern, including human and animal waste as well as stormwater. One year of funding was missed so there is significant funding in soil chemistry/contaminant areas. Proposals for graduate and post-doctoral fellows should be considered and take care that the project is not simply a re-statement of an advisors grant. These are meant to generate independent projects for the fellow. Other areas to be funded next year involve climate variability and change, bioenergy, and food safety, including pathogen transport and water quality. Dr. Cavallaro stressed how important it is not to give a Hatch Project the title as a NIFA grant because it can be mistakenly perceived as duplicate funding issues, even though they are normally not.

Each participant highlighted some of his or her current work relevant to NC1187. Harsh described the colloid transport studies from his collaboration with Dr. Markus Flury. This work is particularly focused on transport as a function of water content and transient flow. Stephen Anderson is using x-ray computed tomography to follow iodide and iodophenol transport in porous media. Retardation parameters could be estimated from the spatial distribution and compared favorably with those determined by conventional column flow experiments. SSSA will publish the 2nd edition of a Special Publication on tomography in 2012 and Anderson is co-editor. Dr. Rajib attended as a guest and talked about his scanning electron microscope work involving carbon sequestration. Alvin Smucker is using CT to study tortuosity in soil at near micrometer resolution. Tomographic data is interfaced with transport modeling with HYDRUS 3D. Issues of concern are carbon sequestration from bacteria, bacteria transport through pores, effects of long term management on pore structure, and how the use of PEG to increase soil water holding capacity effects root growth. Dr. Ganga Hettiarachchi highlighted two projects. An NSF EPSCOR project on C sequestration is being carried out at long term management sites. She is using EXAFS and spectromicroscopy to get C speciation and distribution as a function of management (e.g. till vs. no-till, manure application). Her second project concerns colloid-contaminant transport and remediation in mining areas from both chemical and microbiological perspectives. She is using XAS for S as well as heavy elements and pointed out that APS is working on a new beamline in sector 13 for S chemistry as well as trace levels of heavy metals. Dr. Don Sparks is looking at C-Fe complexation under different land use regimes. He is also characterizing airborne particulates from poultry waste. He is using synchrotron sources at Brookhaven as well as the relatively less-used Canadian source. He is finding As, Fe, Mn in particles as well as evidence for methylation. Bacteria can be observed in the particles with confocal microscopy.'

At the conclusion, Harsh stated that he would compile the last years report and reminded everyone to look at the NCRA Impact Statement Form and to consider what they can add.

Accomplishments

Short-term Outcomes: A new, passive particle deposition air sampler, called the EinsteinLioy Deposition Sampler (ELDS), has been developed to fill a gap in passive sampling for near-field particle emissions. The sampler can be configured in several ways: with a protective hood for outdoor sampling, without a protective hood, and as a dust plate. The sampler both collects mass and allows for the measurement of an environmental contaminant. The ELDS can be used indoors and outdoors in a variety of configurations to suit the user's needs. (Einstein, et al., 2012). The Mainelis group also developed a personal sampling surrogate: the Pretoddler Inhalable Particulate Environmental Robotic (PIPER) sampler to better estimate pretoddler exposure to allergens, mold spores, and endotoxin. During sampling, PIPER simulates the activity patterns, speed of motion, and the height of the breathing zones of young children, and mechanically resuspends the deposited dust just as a young child does during running and crawling (Wang et al., 2012). <br /> <br /> Outputs: Participants at the 2012 NC1187 Annual Meeting reported on their research progress. These included: Harshs work on colloidal transport at both micro- and field lysimeter scale; separate studies by Smucker and Anderson groups to characterize soil pores with x-ray tomography and estimate transport parameters. Dr. Anderson found good agreement with macroscopic retardation factors determined by conventional column experiments. The immediate application is to fluid and solute transport. Dr. Smucker was able to interface tortuosity determineation at the microscale with transport modeling (HYDRUS 3D). In addition to transport, Smuckers group is interested in carbon sequestration, bacteria transport, effects of long-term management, and use of polyethylene glycol for water retention in relation to soil pore structure. Dr. Hettiarachchi has been using x-ray absorption spectroscopy to examine carbon sequestration as a function of soil management and the role of colloid transport and chemical speciation on contaminant transport and remediation in mining areas. Carbon sequestration under different management regimes is also under investigation by Dr. Sparks, working from the aspect of C-Fe interactions. He is also characterizing airborne particulates from poultry waste and finding As, Fe, and Mn with evidence of methylation on the particles. Bacteria were seen on the particles with confocal laser microsocopy.<br /> <br /> In collaboration with Dr. Markus Flury, Jim Harsh has conducted research on the effect of transient flow on colloid detachment and transport in the vadose zone. Colloids attached to glass capillary tube walls were subjected to incremental water flow after mapping colloid distribution with confocal microscopy. Detachment was quantified following advancing and receding air-water interfaces and we found that detachment was significant following an advancing but not receding interfaces. Results could be explained by capillary forces acting at the air-water interface. Following our publication last year in Langmuir a second publication was submitted in 2013 applying both theory and experiment to non-spherical particles. In a field study, we determined the transport of europium hydroxycarbonate particles in lysimeters filled with material from the Hanford Formation at the Hanford Site in Central Washington. Under transient flow conditions from both irrigated and natural rainfall water additions, a small number of colloids were detected at over 2 m depth after only 2.5 months and 20 mm cumulative rainfall. Over longer time periods colloid velocities were in line with average recharge rates at the site. Most particles remained in the top 30 cm of the lysimeters. These results were consistent with the detachment phenomena in capillary tubes described above. A manuscript has been submitted to and reviewed twice by ES&T and the final revision submitted. Another lysimeter study is in process using an undisturbed Hanford Formation sediment core (50 cm i.d; 59.5 cm depth) and conducted under laboratory conditions. At a solution application rate of 18 mm per year, native colloid (silicates, aluminosilicates, and oxides) transport has been quantified in the outflow for 5.3 years so far. Only 0.5% of the total dispersible particles were recovered in the outflow. Fitted colloid release parameters were six to seven orders of magnitude smaller than ones determined at lower flow rates in disturbed columns. Nevertheless, results show that continuous mobilization of colloids does occur even under low recharge rates and water contents typical of a semi-arid environment. One manuscript has been submitted to Water Resources Research. Dr. Harsh also collaborated with Drs. Seyoum Gebrimariam, Marc Beutel, Markus Flury, and David Yonge in a study of chlorpyrifos sorption hysteresis in soils. At environmentally relevant concentrations, chlorpyrifos exhibited strong adsorption/desorption and hysteresis that correlated significantly with organic matter content. Chlorpyrifos desorption was biphasic and followed a falling desorption isotherm with zero intercept. The isotherm was estimated using a memory-dependent mathematical model. The labile component comprised 18 to 28% of the original solid-phase concentration, and the residue was predicted to slowly partition to the aqueous phase implying long-term desorption from contaminated soils or sediments. The mechanism of hysteresis and biphasic desorption was explained by the unfavorable thermodynamic energy landscape leading to limitation of diffusivity of water molecules through the strongly hydrophobic domain of soils and sediments. Results indicate that contaminated soils and sediments could serve as a secondary long-term source of pollution. Long-term desorption may also explain the detection of chlorpyrifos and other hydrophobic organic compounds in aquatic systems far from application sites, an observation that contradicts conventional transport predictions. Two manuscripts were published in 2012.<br /> <br /> Dr. Steven Anderson has introduced computed tomography (CT) measurement systems as a method to measure fluid transport at the macropore-scale to estimate transport parameters. The objective was to use x-ray CT methods to measure transport of iodophenol solution in geomedia columns and estimate spatial distributions of chemical retardation. An initial CT-measured breakthrough curve experiment was conducted with potassium iodide to spatially estimate pore-water velocity and dispersivity in the geomedia core, followed with a transport experiment with iodophenol to estimate the spatial distribution of chemical retardation. A geomedia core was removed from the surface horizon of Sarpy loamy sand (Typic Udispamment). Spatial distributions followed a fractal pattern with dimensional values similar among pore-water velocity, dispersivity and retardation coefficient parameters. The retardation coefficient estimated using CT methods was similar compared to the dynamic fluid experiment, thus indicating this new method may be appropriate for pollutant transport analysis. This study illustrates that the CT method is useful for evaluating solute transport on a macropore-scale for porous materials. Information on chemical adsorption during actively flowing water transport will contribute to improved modeling of solute transport for environmental sites. Eight publications resulted from this project.<br /> <br /> Drs. Alexandra Kravchenkos and Alvin Smuckers groups at Michigan State University are investigating the role of intra-aggregate pores in controlling soil processes on a micro-scale. Differences in parent materials, pedogenic processes, land use, and management practices can have a substantial effect on their characteristics. The goal of this study is to examine intra-aggregate pore characteristics using X-ray computed microtomography (mu CT) images in soils of two contrasting parent materials and of contrasting land use and management. In addition, to quantify pore characteristics in aggregate exterior and interior layers we have developed an approach for aggregate boundary delineation in mu CT images. Soil aggregates from a Hapludalf under Long Term Ecological Research conventional tillage treatment (LTER-CT) and native succession vegetation treatment (LTER-NS) in southwest Michigan, and from an Ustochrept under native succession vegetation and bare soil in northeast China were used. The LTER-CT aggregates had significantly greater macro-porosity (>14.6 mu m in diameter) than those of LTER-NS. The LTER-NS aggregates had more large pores (>97.5 mu m) and more small pores (<15 mu m) than LTER-CT aggregates, while more medium size pores (37.5-97.5 mu m) were found in LTER-CT aggregates. Greater abundance of medium sized pores in LTER-CT aggregates could be the cause of their reported lower stability and higher macro-aggregate turnover rate. The differences in pore size distributions between LTER-CT and LTER-NS were more pronounced in the aggregate interiors, as compared to the exterior layers. In aggregates from both studied soils large pores tended to prevail in the aggregate interiors while medium size pores (37.5-97.5 mu m) were more abundant in the aggregate exteriors. There were three publications.<br /> <br /> Dr. Daniel Strawn and his associate Dr. Leslie Baker used Fe K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy to examine local molecular structure and cation distribution in the natural nanosilicate hisingerite and synthetic nanoaluminosilicate allophane in comparison to crystalline counterparts. From XAFS interpretations, the following structural information was concluded: (1) Fe in both hisingerite and allophane is present in well-defined octahedral sites, (2) less long-range structure is observed in hisingerite and allophane than in smectites, and (3) Fe in allophane is present in small clusters in the octahedral sheet. The best fit for hisingerite was obtained using a 1:1 model structure rather than a 2:1 model, supporting a description of it as a ferric halloysite-type structure. Allophane could not be fit using paths based on Fe-substituted proto-imogolite nanospherical models but was successfully fit using a montmorillonite structure. Published models of nanospherical particles suggest backscattering path lengths in allophane and hisingerite should be shortened compared to clay minerals; however, no such shortening was observed, suggesting the nanosphere model does not accurately describe the local atomic structure of these Fe-substituted minerals. Dr. Strawns group published three manuscripts in 2012.<br /> <br /> Dr. Toner in her last year as a participant in NC-1187 has studied deep-sea hydrothermal plume particles known to sequester seawater trace elements and influence ocean-scale biogeochemical budgets. Suspended particulate material was collected from a non-buoyant hydrothermal plume. Analyses included elemental composition with X-ray fluorescence, speciation of Fe, S, and C by 1s X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy, and crystallography with X-ray diffraction. Particle aggregates were common and composed of minerals embedded in an organic matrix. Over 20 different minerals were observed, nine of which were either unpredicted by thermodynamic modeling or had no close match in the thermodynamic database. The organic matrix was: (1) always associated with minerals, (2) composed of biomolecules, and (3) rich in S. These results indicate that particle aggregation with organic material is prevalent in dispersing hydrothermal plume fluxes, as well as in sinking particulate matter at this site. Particle aggregation and organic coatings can influence the reactivity, transport, and residence time of hydrothermal particles in the water column. Thus a biogeochemical approach to particulate analysis is critical to understanding the net effect of hydrothermal fluxes on ocean and sedimentary trace element budgets. Five papers were published overall. <br /> <br /> Dr. Ganga Hettiarachchi and her collaborators have examined the ability of high-Fe biosolids-based composts to reduce the bioaccessibility of Pb and As in contaminated orchard soils in Washington State. The composts were amended with Fe using Fe powder, waste treatment residuals (WTR), or Fe-chloride salt and applied at different rates. Bioaccessibility was assessed with an in vitro assay and chemical speciation with micro-X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and ¼-XANES. Results showed that the ability to reduce bioaccessability depended on Fe source and reduction of Pb bioaccessibility was more consistent than for As. Another study used ¼-EXAFS, ¼-XRF, and ¼-XRD to characterize Zn speciation in soil contaminated with Pb and Zn from smelters and amended with phosphate sources. Phosphate rock (PR), triple super phosphate (TSP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and fluid ammonium polyphosphate induced Zn phosphate formation, but phosphoric acid increased Zn solubility by lowering pH. Hettiarchchi and colleagues also characterized Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn speciation within and around soil pores at an Alfisol B-horizon/E-horizon interface using ¼-XRF and ¼-EXAFS. While only Ca was found in the pore, Fe- and Mn- were associated with each other and around the pore. Zn occurred in association with carbonate, sulfate, and silicate. Her group also determined differences P speciation in agricultural soils as a function of time and P source and application. Deep banding with liquid sources favored P adsorption and greater lability. Formation of Fe-associated P occurred in broadcast treatments and Ca-phosphate precipitates increased with time. She also participated in a study of how zinc oxide nanoparticle coating of macronutrient fertilizers influence dissolution rates, Five publications came from this group.<br /> <br /> Joseph Stucki and others at the University of Illinois studied the ability of polydiallyldimethylammonium-exchanged ferruginous smectites to adsorb and abiotically reduce nitrate. The positively-charged clay was able to adsorb nitrate and when Fe in the smectites was reduced to Fe(II), able to reduce nitrate to nitrite. One publication resulted.<br /> <br /> Dr. Gediminas Mainelis and coworkers have been working to develop samplers for airborne particulates that simulate uptake by humans and that allow for characterization of collected particles by XRF. Particle size and chemical measurements with TEM, XRF, and laser diffraction have allowed them to determine the effect of particle size on inhalation and region of deposition. They have also quantified and located nanoparticles from cosmetics and found that predominant deposition of nanomaterial(s) can occur in the tracheobronchial and head airways, not in the alveolar region as would be expected based on the size of primary nanoparticles. This could potentially lead to different health effects than expected based on the current understanding of nano-particle behavior and toxicology studies for the alveolar region.<br /> <br /> Activities: Stephen Anderson was a co-organizer of a symposium entitled Tomography and Imaging for Soil-Water-Root Processes at the International Meeting of the SSSA, October, 2012 in Cincinnati, Ohio. This symposium provided an update of tomography and imaging methods for evaluation of soils. Specific methods discussed included x-ray computed tomography, synchrotron microtomography, neutron imaging, geophysical imaging tools, and other tomography techniques for evaluating soil and root systems. These presentations provided a unique collection of topics exploring applications of imaging and tomography systems for soil science. Several new procedures and applications have been developed over the past two decades that were discussed.<br /> <br /> Milestones: The Bouyoucos Conference did not result in specific publications it did act as a springboard for this years symposium described in the paragraph above. In addition, it started the discussion for multi-investigator proposals within the group that are continuing. Finally, some users are beginning to use the Canadian Light Source in Saskatoon reporting that it is not heavily used. We will explore further its capabilities and the potential for use by members of our group and others. <br />

Publications

Baker, L.L., W.C. Rember, K.F. Sprenke and D.G. Strawn. 2012. Celadonite in continental flood<br /> basalts of the Columbia River Basalt Group. American Mineralogist 97: 1284-1290.<br /> doi:10.2138/am.2012.4129.<br /> Baker, L.L. and D.G. Strawn. 2012. Fe K-edge XAFS spectra of phyllosilicates of varying<br /> crystallinity. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 39: 675-684. doi:10.1007/s00269-012-<br /> 0521-0.<br /> Bangira, C., Y. Deng, R.H. Loeppert, C.T. Hallmark and J.W. Stucki. 2011. Soil Mineral<br /> Composition in Contrasting Climatic Regions of the Great Dyke, Zimbabwe. Soil<br /> Science Society of America Journal 75: 2367-2378. doi:10.2136/sssaj2011.0134.<br /> Bloom, P.R., G.W. Rehm, J.A. Lamb and A.J. Scobbie. 2011. Soil Nitrate is a Causative Factor<br /> in Iron Deficiency Chlorosis in Soybeans. Soil Science Society of America Journal 75:<br /> 2233-2241. doi:10.2136/sssaj2010.0391.<br /> Breier, J.A., B.M. Toner, S.C. Fakra, M.A. Marcus, S.N. White, A.M. Thurnherr, et al. 2012.<br /> Sulfur, sulfides, oxides and organic matter aggregated in submarine hydrothermal plumes<br /> at 9 degrees 50 ' N East Pacific Rise. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 88: 216-236.<br /> doi:10.1016/j.gca.2012.04.003.<br /> Brown, S.L., I. Clausen, M.A. Chappell, K.G. Scheckel, M. Newville and G.M. Hettiarachchi.<br /> 2012. High-Iron Biosolids Compost-Induced Changes in Lead and Arsenic Speciation<br /> and Bioaccessibility in Co-contaminated Soils. Journal of Environmental Quality 41:<br /> 1612-1622. doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0297.<br /> Diehl, J., S.E. Johnson, K. Xia, A. West and L. Tomanek. 2012. The distribution of 4-<br /> nonylphenol in marine organisms of North American Pacific Coast estuaries.<br /> Chemosphere 87: 490-497. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.040.<br /> Dong, H. and J.W. Stucki. 2011. ADVANCES IN CLAY SCIENCE IN CHINA. Clays and Clay<br /> Minerals 59: 435-437. doi:10.1346/ccmn.2011.0590500.<br /> Edwards, K.J., B.T. Glazer, O.J. Rouxel, W. Bach, D. Emerson, R.E. Davis, et al. 2011. Ultradiffuse<br /> hydrothermal venting supports Fe-oxidizing bacteria and massive umber<br /> deposition at 5000 m off Hawaii. Isme Journal 5: 1748-1758. doi:10.1038/ismej.2011.48.<br /> Einstein, S.A., C.-H. Yu, G. Mainelis, L.C. Chen, C.P. Weisel and P.J. Lioy. 2012. Design and<br /> validation of a passive deposition sampler. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 14:<br /> 2411-2420. doi:10.1039/c2em30174a.<br /> Fortuna, A.-M., C.W. Honeycutt, G. Vandemark, T.S. Griffin, R.P. Larkin, Z. He, et al. 2012.<br /> Links among Nitrification, Nitrifier Communities, and Edaphic Properties in Contrasting<br /> Soils Receiving Dairy Slurry. Journal of Environmental Quality 41: 262-272.<br /> doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0202.<br /> Han, T. and G. Mainelis. 2012. Investigation of inherent and latent internal losses in liquid-based<br /> bioaerosol samplers. Journal of Aerosol Science 45: 58-68.<br /> doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2011.11.001.<br /> Holden, J.F., J.A. Breier, K.L. Rogers, M.D. Schulte and B.M. Toner. 2012. Biogeochemical<br /> Processes at Hydrothermal Vents Microbes and Minerals, Bioenergetics, and Carbon<br /> Fluxes. Oceanography 25: 196-208.<br /> Ippolito, J.A., D.G. Strawn, K.G. Scheckel, J.M. Novak, M. Ahmedna and M.A.S. Niandou.<br /> 2012. Macroscopic and Molecular Investigations of Copper Sorption by a Steam-<br /> Activated Biochar. Journal of Environmental Quality 41: 1150-1156.<br /> doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0113.<br /> Jassogne, L., G. Hettiarachchi, A. McNeill and D. Chittleborough. 2012. Characterising the<br /> chemistry of micropores in a sodic soil with strong texture-contrast using synchrotron Xray<br /> techniques and LA-ICP-MS. Soil Research 50: 424-435. doi:10.1071/sr11312.<br /> Jones, L.C., B.J. Lafferty and D.L. Sparks. 2012. Additive and Competitive Effects of Bacteria<br /> and Mn Oxides on Arsenite Oxidation Kinetics. Environmental Science & Technology<br /> 46: 6548-6555. doi:10.1021/es204252f.<br /> Kelly, J.G., F.X. Han, Y. Su, Y. Xia, V. Philips, Z. Shi, et al. 2012. Rapid Determination of<br /> Mercury in Contaminated Soil and Plant Samples Using Portable Mercury Direct<br /> Analyzer without Sample Preparation, a Comparative Study. Water Air and Soil<br /> Pollution 223: 2361-2371. doi:10.1007/s11270-011-1030-3.<br /> Khaokaew, S., G. Landrot, R.L. Chaney, K. Pandya and D.L. Sparks. 2012. Speciation and<br /> Release Kinetics of Zinc in Contaminated Paddy Soils. Environmental Science &<br /> Technology 46: 3957-3963. doi:10.1021/es204007t.<br /> Kwon, J.-W. and K. Xia. 2012. Fate of triclosan and triclocarban in soil columns with and<br /> without biosolids surface application. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 31: 262-<br /> 269. doi:10.1002/etc.1703.<br /> Lafferty, B.J., M. Ginder-Vogel and D.L. Sparks. 2011. Arsenite Oxidation by a Poorly-<br /> Crystalline Manganese Oxide. 3. Arsenic and Manganese Desorption. Environmental<br /> Science & Technology 45: 9218-9223. doi:10.1021/es201281u.<br /> Landrot, G., R. Tappero, S.M. Webb and D.L. Sparks. 2012. Arsenic and chromium speciation in<br /> an urban contaminated soil. Chemosphere 88: 1196-1201.<br /> doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.069.<br /> Li, T., Z. Xu, X. Han, X. Yang and D.L. Sparks. 2012. Characterization of dissolved organic<br /> matter in the rhizosphere of hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii and its effect on the<br /> mobility of zinc. Chemosphere 88: 570-576. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.031.<br /> Livi, K.J.T., B. Lafferty, M. Zhu, S. Zhang, A.-C. Gaillot and D.L. Sparks. 2012. Electron<br /> Energy-Loss Safe-Dose Limits for Manganese Valence Measurements in<br /> Environmentally Relevant Manganese Oxides. Environmental Science & Technology 46:<br /> 970-976. doi:10.1021/es203516h.<br /> Maruya, K.A., D.E. Vidal-Dorsch, S.M. Bay, J.W. Kwon, K. Xia and K.L. Armbrust. 2012.<br /> Organic contaminants of emerging concern in sediments and flatfish collected near<br /> outfalls discharging treated wastewater effluent to the Southern California Bight.<br /> Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 31: 2683-2688. doi:10.1002/etc.2003.<br /> Miguel, C.S., D. Gimenez, U. Krogmann and S.W. Yoon. 2012. Impact of land application of<br /> cranberry processing residuals, leaves and biosolids pellets on a sandy loam soil. Applied<br /> Soil Ecology 53: 31-38. doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.11.001.<br /> Milani, N., M.J. McLaughlin, S.P. Stacey, J.K. Kirby, G.M. Hettiarachchi, D.G. Beak, et al.<br /> 2012. Dissolution Kinetics of Macronutrient Fertilizers Coated with Manufactured Zinc<br /> Oxide Nanoparticles. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 60: 3991-3998.<br /> doi:10.1021/jf205191y.<br /> Munoz, J.D. and A. Kravchenko. 2011. Soil carbon mapping using on-the-go near infrared<br /> spectroscopy, topography and aerial photographs. Geoderma 166: 102-110.<br /> doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.07.017.<br /> Nazarenko, Y., H. Zhen, T. Han, P.J. Lioy and G. Mainelis. 2012. Potential for Inhalation<br /> Exposure to Engineered Nanoparticles from Nanotechnology-Based Cosmetic Powders.<br /> Environmental Health Perspectives 120: 885-892. doi:10.1289/ehp.1104350.<br /> Parsekian, A.D., L. Slater and D. Gimenez. 2012. Application of ground-penetrating radar to<br /> measure near-saturation soil water content in peat soils. Water Resources Research 48.<br /> doi:10.1029/2011wr011303.<br /> Premarathna, H.M.P.L., M.J. McLaughlin, J.K. Kirby, G.M. Hettiarachchi and S. Stacey. 2012.<br /> Influence of submergence and subsequent drainage on the partitioning and lability of<br /> added selenium fertilizers in a sulphur-containing Fluvisol. European Journal of Soil<br /> Science 63: 514-522. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.2012.01462.x.<br /> Premarathna, L., M.J. McLaughlin, J.K. Kirby, G.M. Hettiarachchi, S. Stacey and D.J.<br /> Chittleborough. 2012. Selenate-Enriched Urea Granules Are a Highly Effective Fertilizer<br /> for Selenium Biofortification of Paddy Rice Grain. Journal of Agricultural and Food<br /> Chemistry 60: 6037-6044. doi:10.1021/jf3005788.<br /> Shafer, M.M., B.M. Toner, J.T. Oyerdier, J.J. Schauer, S.C. Fakra, S. Hu, et al. 2012. Chemical<br /> Speciation of Vanadium in Particulate Matter Emitted from Diesel Vehicles and Urban<br /> Atmospheric Aerosols. Environmental Science & Technology 46: 189-195.<br /> doi:10.1021/es200463c.<br /> Shi, Z., E. Peltier and D.L. Sparks. 2012. Kinetics of Ni Sorption in Soils: Roles of Soil Organic<br /> Matter and Ni Precipitation. Environmental Science & Technology 46: 2212-2219.<br /> doi:10.1021/es202376c.<br /> Strawn, D.G., P.J. Hickey, P.A. McDaniel and L.L. Baker. 2012. Distribution of As, Cd, Pb, and<br /> Zn in redox features of mine-waste impacted wetland soils. Journal of Soils and<br /> Sediments 12: 1100-1110. doi:10.1007/s11368-012-0543-8.<br /> Subroy, V., D. Gimenez, D. Hirmas and P. Takhistov. 2012. On Determining Soil Aggregate<br /> Bulk Density by Displacement in Two Immiscible Liquids. Soil Science Society of<br /> America Journal 76: 1212-1216. doi:10.2136/sssaj2011.0333.<br /> Sylvan, J.B., B.M. Toner and K.J. Edwards. 2012. Life and Death of Deep-Sea Vents: Bacterial<br /> Diversity and Ecosystem Succession on Inactive Hydrothermal Sulfides. Mbio 3.<br /> doi:10.1128/mBio.00279-11.<br /> Tamir, G., M. Shenker, H. Heller, P.R. Bloom, P. Fine and A. Bar-Tal. 2012. Dissolution and<br /> Re-crystallization Processes of Active Calcium Carbonate in Soil Developed on Tufa.<br /> Soil Science Society of America Journal 76: 1606-1613. doi:10.2136/sssaj2012.0041.<br /> Toner, B.M., M.A. Marcus, K.J. Edwards, O. Rouxel and C.R. German. 2012. Measuring the<br /> Form of Iron in Hydrothermal Plume Particles. Oceanography 25: 209-212.<br /> Wang, W., A.N. Kravchenko, A.J.M. Smucker, W. Liang and M.L. Rivers. 2012. Intra-aggregate<br /> Pore Characteristics: X-ray Computed Microtomography Analysis. Soil Science Society<br /> of America Journal 76: 1159-1171. doi:10.2136/sssaj2011.0281.<br /> Wang, W., A.N. Kravchenko, A.J.M. Smucker, W. Liang and M.L. Rivers. 2012. Intra-aggregate<br /> Pore Characteristics: X-ray Computed Microtomography Analysis. Soil Science Society<br /> of America Journal 76: 1159-1171. doi:10.2136/sssaj2011.0281.<br /> Wang, Z., S.L. Shalat, K. Black, P.J. Lioy, A.A. Stambler, O.H. Emoekpere, et al. 2012. Use of a<br /> robotic sampling platform to assess young children's exposure to indoor bioaerosols.<br /> Indoor Air 22: 159-169. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2011.00749.x.<br /> Xia, K., G. Hagood, C. Childers, J. Atkins, B. Rogers, L. Ware, et al. 2012. Polycyclic Aromatic<br /> Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Mississippi Seafood from Areas Affected by the Deepwater<br /> Horizon Oil Spill. Environmental Science & Technology 46: 5310-5318.<br /> doi:10.1021/es2042433.<br /> Yoon, S.W. and D. Gimenez. 2012. Entropy Characterization of Soil Pore Systems Derived<br /> From Soil-Water Retention Curves. Soil Science 177: 361-368.<br /> doi:10.1097/SS.0b013e318256ba1c.<br /> Zhu, M., C.L. Farrow, J.E. Post, K.J.T. Livi, S.J.L. Billinge, M. Ginder-Vogel, et al. 2012.<br /> Structural study of biotic and abiotic poorly-crystalline manganese oxides using atomic<br /> pair distribution function analysis. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 81: 39-55.<br /> doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.12.006.

Impact Statements

1. At Michigan State University teams of graduate and undergraduate students basically followed previously published research methods. New approaches included modified glass bead matrices, which retained multiple sized soil aggregates from different soil management treatments in Ohio and Michigan. The information has direct application to understanding flow rates of bacterial into and through meso and micropores of soil aggregates.
2. One particulate sampler developed by Mainelis et al. collects mass and allows for the measurement of an environmental contaminant while the Pretoddler Inhalable Particulate Environmental Robotic (PIPER) sampler better estimates pretoddler exposure to allergens, mold spores, and endotoxin. These samplers will increase the efficiency and capabilities of both indoor and outdoor particulate characterization and distribution.

Back to top

Report Information

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

Participants:
Alvin Smucker, Michigan State University
Kang, Xia, Virginia Tech;
Nancy Cavallaro  NIFA;
Gimenez, Daniel Rutgers University;
Sasha Kravchenko, Michigan State University;
Ganga Hettiarachchi, Kansas State University;
Peter Tomlinson, Kansas State University;
Strawn, Daniel, University of Idaho;
James Harsh, Washington State University
The annual meeting of the Multistate Research Project, NC1187 convened Tuesday, Nov 5, 2013 at 5 PM in Tampa, Florida in conjunction with the ASA-CSA-SSSA Annual International Meeting. This was the beginning year for the new committee: Daniel Gimenez, the new chair, Dan Strawn, vice-chair, and Ganga Hettiarachchi, secretary. Daniel Gimenez welcomed participants, and asked for approval for the 2012 Annual Meeting minutes. This was moved to approve by Alvin Smucker and seconded by Nancy Cavallaro. Gimenez also asked for last year report from the group to be compiled in the annual report. Prior to this meeting in FL he sent a form to be used for this and reminded everyone to fill that out.
We welcomed new participants, Peter Tomlinson from Kansas State University and Sasha Kravchenko from Michigan State University. For the benefit of our new as well as all participants, each participant highlighted some of his or her current work relevant to NC1187. Daniel Gimenez suggested that the group can work together on a white paper and collaborative grant proposals and group talked about how to move forward with those two ideas. Alvin Smucker offered to share the proposal and the program for the conference on Synchrotron Characterization of Airborne Particulates Originating from Agricultural Soils and other Modified Ecosystems organized by members of this group as a framework for the future white paper and discussion. Discussion will be continued through email with Gimenez taking the lead.
The next item was a report from Nancy Cavallaro on RFPs from NIFA that would be relevant to our project. Dr. Cavallaro mentioned that there will be no big cuts in the formula funds or competitive grants; AFRI programs will continue. Cavallaro again reminded the group how important it is not to give a Hatch Project the title as a NIFA grant because it can be mistakenly perceived as duplicate funding issues. Mandatory program areas to be funded next year involve Biomass initiatives, Food safety and Food security. She also mentioned that AFRI Foundational Program RFPs will be announced in December 2013 and those will be primarily focus on Water Sustainability- Research, Education and Extension. Questions were raised regarding 2013 Carbon Cycle proposals and Dr. Cavallaro said agencies involved are looking at these proposals but funding situations need to be clarified prior to making any decisions.
At the conclusion, Gimenez stated that he would compile the last year reports and work on creating an outline of a white paper.

Accomplishments

Members of this project are applying a wide range of analytical tools to elucidate mechanisms of physical and chemical protection of carbon in soils, colloid transport through soil, removal of soil contaminants, effect of climate change on soil structure, and deposition of synthetic nanoparticles on the human respiratory system. More detailed description of research outcomes by the different groups is presented below. <br /> Drs. Alexandra Kravchenko and Alvin Smucker together with their co-workers continued their work on the characterization of the internal structure of soil aggregates in relation to the ability of microorganisms to move and grow in a physically and chemically heterogeneous environment. The structure of intra-aggregate pores governs accessibility of C to microbial decomposition within the aggregates and therefore substantially contributes to C sequestration in soils. The goal of their work is to identify and quantitatively describe relationships between soil intra-aggregate structure, soil C processes, microbial activity, and microbial community compositions using X-ray computed micro-tomography (CT) tools. The working hypothesis of the group at Michigan is that when greater micro-scale spatial heterogeneity of soil physical structure is generated by enhanced plant root activities it becomes one of the key forces enabling physical protection of C in soils of terrestrial ecosystems. Their work has demonstrated that continuous vegetative coverage strongly enhances formation of soil aggregates with greater internal heterogeneity of intra-aggregate pore distributions. In such aggregates, pore characteristics can restrict the movement of microorganisms only to areas accessible via medium sized pores, while relatively large intra-aggregate domains can remain inaccessible to microorganisms moving with water flow. Moreover they are finding that indigenous microbial community composition can be also affected by intra-aggregate physical structure, with some bacterial groups being more prevalent in the intra-aggregate areas with greater presence of large pores. They also found that spatial patterns in intra-aggregate pore structure appear to be related to content of total soil C, higher values of which were found associated with greater intra-aggregate pore heterogeneity. Their preliminary results indicate that pore structure has a major effect on the rate of decomposition of the freshly added plant residue as well as on the processes of decomposition of inherent soil organic matter associated with presence of plant residue, also known as the priming effect. <br /> Dr. Stephen Anderson and his group also used X-ray computed tomography, but in their case to study chemical dispersivity in soil. Chemical dispersivity is a common parameter needed for pollutant fate and transport models in geomedia environments. Dr. Andersons group conducted a study to estimate the effect of distance on dispersivity measured in columns using X-ray computed tomography. Columns containing natural and homogeneous media were evaluated. The convection-dispersion equation appeared to be appropriate for the column distances used in this study. Dispersivity was found to be a function of distance from the upstream end in the column studies for the natural porous media but not the homogeneous porous media. Dispersivities were estimated using the average breakthrough slope for selected scan planes (mean slope method), using the solution of the convection-dispersion equation fit to the average breakthrough for selected scan planes (curve fit method), and using groups of pixels in the selected scan planes (group pixel method). Values estimated using the mean slope method or the curve fit method were found to be scale dependent; however values with the group pixel method were not. Fractal dimension values appeared within appropriate ranges when estimated for the core samples using the mass versus radius relationship. Results suggest dispersivity may be dependent upon the sampling volume rather than the straight-line length solute travels through media.<br /> Dr. Daniel Giménez and his group continued investigating the effect of climatic variables sustained for several years on soil structure. In July 2013, an experiment at the Konza Prairie Biological Station near Manhattan, Kansas (39°059 N, 96°359 W), was sampled. This experiment was established in 1991 and consisted of altering the natural precipitation regime of the area through selective irrigation. The objective of this sampling was to determine if a change in precipitation regime (amount and frequency) induced changes in soil structure and related water retention. The design of this long-term experiment includes two irrigated plots alternated in space with two non-irrigated plots. Each plot spans a distance of about 140 m over a topographic gradient between summit and footslope of about 7 m. Irrigation is achieved with sixteen 1.0-m tall high-impact rotating sprinkler heads placed at a separation interval of 10 m. The irrigation protocol is aimed at maintaining the average volumetric soil water content in the root zone (0-30 cm) at a level of 0.25 or higher throughout the growing season. The two replicates of irrigated and non-irrigated plots were sampled at the footslope and summit positions (4 plots x 2 positions: 8 sampling locations). Sampling procedures at each site included the excavation of a large undisturbed block for determination of the fractal dimension of mass and the extraction of two soil cores for measurement of water retention properties. In addition, fifteen determinations of infiltration rates were made in the field at each sampling site with automated tension infiltrometers. Each determination consisted of measurements of steady state at infiltration rates at equilibrium with 5 pressure potentials (-0.5, -1.5, -2.5,-3.5 and -4.5 cm). Infiltration rates were corrected for temperature and expressed at a temperature of 20 °C. Combination of 2D and 3D determinations of soil volume allowed us to cover an unprecedented range of soil volumes. These data will be used to estimate one or more fractal dimensions over the measured range, which, in turn, will be used to infer changes in soil structure that may have resulted from changes in the amount and frequency of water inputted to a soil through rainfall or rainfall plus precipitation. The analysis of infiltration rates show that treatment (irrigated vs. non-irrigated) as well as position (summit vs. footslope) influenced infiltration rates. This is an important result stressing the importance of considering soil properties when projecting the effects of climate change on ecosystem processes. Infiltration rates at various tensions can be used as a proxy for pore size distribution. In this case, irrigated plots had less porosity in the range of pore sizes between 0.6 and 1 mm corresponding to pressure potentials of -2.5 cm and -1.5 cm, respectively. The mechanisms leading to lower infiltration rates in irrigated plots are currently under investigation, but they are likely related to an increase in root biomass.<br /> Dr. James Harsh and co-workers applied transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray to study the elemental composition of colloids migrating through a lysimeter sampled from the US Department of Energy Hanford site. The Hanford site is located in a semiarid region and has a deep vadose zone with low recharge rates. The overall goal of the project was to study colloid-facilitated movement of contaminants originating from nuclear waste processing under low recharge rates. The hypothesis of the work was that the low recharge rates and low water contents in semiarid regions would tend to inhibit movement of colloidal particles, thereby reducing the risk for colloid-facilitated contaminant transport. The goal of this study was to investigate whether in situ natural colloids can be mobilized and transported in undisturbed, deep vadose zone sediments at the Hanford site under typical, semiarid recharge rates. An undisturbed sediment core (i.d. 50 cm, 59.5 cm height) was sampled from a depth of 17 m below ground at the Hanford 200 Area. The core was set up as a laboratory lysimeter and exposed to an infiltration rate of 18 mm/yr by applying simulated pore water onto the surface. Particle concentrations were quantified in the column outflow, and selected samples were examined microscopically using transmission electron microscopy and for elemental composition with energy dispersive X-ray. Measured water contents and potentials were used to calibrate a numerical model (HYDRUS-1D), which was then applied to simulate colloid mobilization from the sediment core. During 5.3 years of monitoring, natural colloids like silicates, aluminosilicates, and Fe-oxides were observed in the core outflow, indicating the continuous mobilization of in situ colloids. The total amount of particles mobilized during 5.3 years corresponded to 1.1% of the total dispersible colloids inside the core. Comparison of the amounts of colloids released with weathering rates suggests that mineral weathering can be a major source of the mobilized colloids. The fitted colloid release rate coefficient was 6 to 7 orders of magnitude smaller than coefficients reported from previous studies, where disturbed Hanford sediments and higher flow rates were used. Their findings demonstrate that even under low recharge rates and water contents typical for semiarid, deep vadose zone sediments, particles can continuously be mobilized, although the total mass of particles is low.<br /> In a related study, the same group used electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis to study the transport of Europium (Eu) colloids in the vadose zone at the semiarid Hanford site. Eu-hydroxy-carbonate colloids, Eu(OH)(CO3 ), were applied to the surface of field lysimeters, and migration of the colloids through the sediments was monitored using wick samplers. The lysimeters were exposed to natural precipitation (145 231 mm/year) or artificial irrigation (124 348 mm/year). Wick outflow was analyzed for Eu concentrations, supplemented by electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Small amounts of Eu colloids (<1%) were detected in the deepest wick sampler (2.14 m depth) 2.5 months after application and cumulative precipitation of only 20 mm. They observed rapid transport of Eu colloids under both natural precipitation and artificial irrigation; that is, the leading edge of the Eu colloids moved at a velocity of 3 cm/day within the first 2 months after application. Episodic infiltration (e.g., Chinook snowmelt events) caused peaks of Eu in the wick outflow. While a fraction of Eu moved consistent with long-term recharge estimates at the site, the main mass of Eu remained in the top 30 cm of the sediments. This study illustrates that, under field conditions, near-surface colloid mobilization and transport occurred in Hanford sediments.<br /> Dr. Kang Xia and co-workers have used the phage display technique to identify peptides that specifically bind to montmorillonite (2:1 layersilicate) and kaolinite (1:1 layersilicate), hematite (Fe2O3), alumina (Al2O3), and silica (SiO2). Using synchrotron-based spectroscopy, it was demonstrated that small peptides adsorbed at a titled angle relative to surface of montmorillonite, however, the binding motif of a peptide significantly affects the degree of molecular orientation angle. The group found strong evidence of preferential accrual of peptides/proteins over other organic nitrogen compounds associated with soil minerals in three independent undisturbed ecosystems developed across 4000, 20,000, and 60,000-year chronosequences, respectively. The result from this investigation strongly support that peptide/protein-mineral interaction plays an important role in affecting terrestrial N cycle. They have found that the mineral-associated organic C consists of four major species: aromatic-C, phenolic-C, aliphatic-C, carboxylic-C, and O/N-alkyl-C. The mineral-associated organic C speciation composition varied significantly during the soil development for all 3 independent soil chronosequences. The results from this investigation suggest that there is continuous mineral sequestration and stabilization of aliphatic-C and O/N-alkyl-C compounds during soil development, while the aromatic-C compounds associated with soil minerals were continuously transformed into other C species. Bioavailable amino acids and organic C speciation in soils of north-south and west-east transects of continental United States were assessed. This study suggested that precipitation has more impact on modifying amino acid composition and soil organic C speciation than temperature.<br /> Dr. Ganga Hettiarachchi and her group are using new generation analytical techniques such as synchrotron based-STXM-NEXAFS, -XANES, and XRD, and 13C NMR as well as traditional wet chemical analysis such as iron/aluminum fractionation techniques to understand physical, chemical, and mineralogical mechanisms of carbon (C) sequestration. Chemical protection of soil organic carbon (SOC), due to adsorption of SOC onto mineral surfaces through different bonding mechanisms and chemical recalcitrance, protects SOC from decomposition. On the other hand differences in mineralogy, physical locations of organic carbon, and SOC and mineral distribution could result in differences in SOC protection and therefore, a differential response to global climate change. Overall objective of this research is to understand process-level physico-chemical mechanisms that control soil aggregate development and stabilization. The research focuses on gathering information on how interactions between physical location, OC chemistry, and mineralogy of soil aggregate contribute to SOC sequestration. In 2013, Dr. Hettiarachchi and her group did research on soil aggregates collected from two long-term field sites in temperate and tropical climates. They were under differing management practices (such as tillage, crop rotation, manure addition, and/or fertilization), which led to different levels of aggregation, soil C, and microbial communities. The group applied new generation analytical techniques such as synchrotron based-STXM-NEXAFS, -XANES, and XRD, and 13C NMR as well as traditional wet chemical analysis such as iron/aluminum fractionation techniques to understand physical, chemical, and mineralogical mechanisms of C sequestration. This work is mainly supported by the NSF Award No. EPS-0903806 and K-State Research and Extension. Other ongoing projects by Dr. Hettiarachchi focused on investigating mobility, availability and reaction products of phosphorus fertilizers in different soils; and using synchrotron based x-ray techniques to obtain contaminant (lead, arsenic, zinc or selenium) speciation to understand/explain contaminant mobility and/or bioavailability in soils.<br /> Dr. Daniel Strawn and co-workers applied X-ray absorption spectroscopy to the study of molecular analysis of copper solution treated with sugar beet lime. They found that the copper adsorbed on the lime waste as a hydroxide mineral on the lime surface.<br /> <br /> Dr. Donald Sparks and his group have shown in numerous publications that mixed metal (e.g., Ni and Zn) hydroxide precipitates, of the layered double hydroxide (LDH) type, form on mineral surfaces and in contaminated field soils. The formation of these phases greatly sequesters the metal and reduces its bioavailability. Such precipitate formation is an important natural attenuation strategy for immobilizing toxic trace metals such as Co, Ni, and Zn in soils. However, in soils the presence of anionic ligands may affect the metal precipitation formation. They therefore studied the role of glyphosate (GPS), one of the most widely used herbicides in agricultural production systems, on Zn sorption/precipitation on ³-alumina using a batch technique, Zn K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The EXAFS analysis revealed that, in the absence of glyphosate, Zn adsorbed on the aluminum oxide surface mainly as bidentate mononuclear surface complexes at pH 5.5, whereas ZnAl layered double hydroxide (LDH) precipitates formed at pH 8.0. In the presence of glyphosate, the EXAFS spectra of Zn sorption samples at pH 5.5 and 8.0 were very similar, both of which demonstrated that Zn did not directly bind to the mineral surface but bonded with the carboxyl group of glyphosate. Formation of ³-alumina-GPS-Zn ternary surface complexes was further suggested by 31P solid state NMR data which indicated the glyphosate binds to ³-alumina via a phosphonate group, bridging the mineral surface and Zn. Additionally, they showed the sequence of additional glyphosate and Zn can influence the sorption mechanism. At pH 8, ZnAl LDH precipitates formed if Zn was added first, and no precipitates formed if glyphosate was added first or simultaneously with Zn. In contrast, at pH 5.5, only ³-alumina-GPS-Zn ternary surface complexes formed regardless of whether glyphosate or Zn was added first or both were added simultaneously. <br /> Dr. Gediminas Mainelis and co-workers modeled deposition of particles released from nanotechnology-based consumer sprays in the human respiratory system. Five nanotechnology-based and five regular spray products were included in these calculations. Modeling was performed using ICRP lung deposition model. For seven out of ten sprays, the highest inhalation exposure was observed for the coarse (2.5  10 ¼m) particles, while being minimal or below the detection limit for the remaining three sprays. Nanosized aerosol particles (14  100 nm) were released, which resulted in low, but measurable inhalation exposures from all the investigated consumer sprays. Eight out of ten products produced high total deposited aerosol doses on the order of 101  103 ng/kg bw/application, ~85  88% of which were in the head airways and only <10% in the alveolar region and <8% in the tracheobronchial region. One nano and one regular spray produced substantially lower total deposited doses (by 2  4 orders of magnitude less), only ~52  64% of which were in the head while ~29  40% in the alveolar region. Outputs<br /> <br /> 1. Drs. Alexandra Kravchenko and Alvin Smucker are developing a new set of tools to enable researchers to take full advantage of data obtained with X-ray CTs. In particular, ability to use X-ray CT to identify presence, quantities, and characteristics of particulate organic matter (POM) within intact soil samples will be of great use for soil C research. They have developed and tested a procedure for POM determination using X-ray CT images of intact soil samples. The procedure combined image pre-processing steps with discriminant analysis classification. Image pre-processing was used for preliminary POM identification based on the range of gray values (GV) along with shape and size of POM pieces. Final POM identification was achieved with discriminant analysis conducted using statistical and geostatistical characteristics. POM identified in the intact individual soil aggregates using the proposed procedure was in a good agreement with POM measured in the studied aggregates using conventional lab method (R2 of 0.78 and RMSE of 0.0028 g/g). The manuscript describing the developed procedure has been submitted to the Soil Science Society of America Journal. <br /> 2. Dr. Daniel Strawn and co-workers investigated a method for efficient removal of copper from spent dairy cow hoof baths. The method will allow copper to continue to be used as a fungicide while preventing copper from being added to agricultural soils with the manure. <br /> 3. Research by Dr. Ganga Hettiarachchi and her group will help to develop or improve management options for climate change adaptation or mitigation. Finally understanding the relative importance of chemical and mineralogical contribution for carbon stabilization is needed to develop process-based soil carbon models. Speciation of phosphorus and contaminants in soils will help to design better and efficient P fertilizers and P management practices for various soils and remediation or management of contaminants in soils, respectively. <br /> 4. This project facilitated the training of graduate students and postdocs at the participating institutions. At Michigan State University, one postdoctoral research associate worked on research related to the project, a PhD student and multiple undergraduate students participating in soil and image analyses were trained. At the University of Missouri, a graduate student completed a PhD degree studying the environmental benefits of agroforestry buffers for claypan soils assessed using APEX and fuzzy logic models. At Virginia Tech, two postdoctoral researchers gained experience on designing and conducting independent research and synthesizing experiment results for presentation and publication and two graduate students were trained at two state of- the-art international research facilities to utilize synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy for research on C and N biogeochemistry. At Kansas State University, eight beamtime proposals had allocated beamtime and six graduate students have had opportunities to train and/or conduct synchrotron based research work at the APS, ALS and CLS. At the University of Delaware, the project assisted on the training of three graduate students and a postdoctoral researcher. One doctoral student, who conducted research associated with the project, received his Ph.D. degree in December, 2013. At Rutgers University, a graduate student participating in this project became proficient in the use of sophisticated aerosol measurement equipment used to measure airborne nano-sized particles (Mainelis). Sampling at the Konza Prairie Biological Station (Giménez) was achieved with the help of two undergraduate students from Rutgers University and one MS visiting student from the Ecole d'Ingénieurs de PURPAN (France). One MS student from the University of Kansas also participated in data collection. <br />

Publications

Chu, B., K.W. Goyne, S.H. Anderson, C.H. Lin, and R.N. Lerch. 2013. Sulfamethazine sorption to soil: Vegetative management, pH, and dissolved organic matter effects. J. Environ. Qual. 42:794-805.<br /> Chu, B., S.H. Anderson, K.W. Goyne, C.H. Lin, and R.N. Lerch. 2013. Sulfamethazine transport in agroforestry and cropland soils. Vadose Zone J. 12(2):1-14. http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.2136/vzj2012.0124<br /> Senaviratne, G.M.M.M.A., R.P. Udawatta, C. Baffaut, and S.H. Anderson. 2013. Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender simulation of three adjacent row-crop watersheds in the claypan region. J. Environ. Qual. 42: 726-736.<br /> Anderson, S.H., and J.W. Hopmans. 2013. Soil-water-root processes: Advances in tomography and imaging. 304 pp. Soil Science Society of America Special Publication 61, Madison, WI.<br /> Udawatta, R.P., S.H. Anderson, C.J. Gantzer, and S. Assouline. 2013. Computed tomographic evaluation of earth materials with varying resolutions. p. 97-112. In S.H. Anderson and J.W. Hopmans (eds.) Soil-Water-Root Processes: Advances in Tomography and Imaging, Soil Science Society of America Special Publication 61, Madison, Wisconsin.<br /> Anderson, S.H., B. Haeffner, and R.L. Peyton. 2013. Chemical dispersivity affected by homogeneous and fractal porous media. Procedia Computer Science 15:(in press).<br /> Anderson, S.H., H.J. Shieh, and R.L. Peyton. 2013. Chemical transport in undisturbed soils estimated using transfer function models. Procedia Computer Science 15:(in press).<br /> Anderson, S.H., H.J. Shieh, and R.L. Peyton. 2013. Chemical transport in undisturbed soils <br /> estimated using transfer function models. Complex Adaptive Systems Conference Abstracts, 13-15 November, Baltimore, MD.<br /> Anderson, S.H., B. Haeffner, and R.L. Peyton. 2013. Chemical dispersivity affected by <br /> homogeneous and fractal porous media. Complex Adaptive Systems Conference Abstracts, 13-15 November, Baltimore, MD.<br /> Senaviratne, A., R.P. Udawatta, C. Baffaut, and S.H. Anderson. 2013. APEX simulation: Environmental benefits of agroforestry and grass buffers for corn-soybean watersheds. 2013 American Society of Agronomy/Soil Science Society of America International Meeting Abstracts [CD-ROM]. 3-6 November, Tampa, Florida.<br /> Senaviratne, A., R.P. Udawatta, S.H. Anderson, C. Baffaut, and A.L. Thompson. 2013. Performance of geno-fuzzy model on rainfall-runoff predictions in claypan watersheds. 2013 American Society of Agronomy/Soil Science Society of America International Meeting Abstracts [CD-ROM]. 3-6 November, Tampa, Florida.<br /> Simmons, L.A., and S.H. Anderson. 2013. Soil physical properties as affected by logging activities in a Central Hardwood Forest. 2013 American Society of Agronomy/Soil Science Society of America International Meeting Abstracts [CD-ROM]. 3-6 November, Tampa, Florida.<br /> Ananyeva, K., W. Wang, A.J.M. Smucker, M.L. Rivers, A.N. Kravchenko. 2013. Intra-aggregate pore structures are related to total C distribution within soil macro-aggregates. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 57:868-875.<br /> Anderson, S.H., and J.W. Hopmans. 2013. Soil-water-root processes: Advances in tomography and imaging. 304 pp. Soil Science Society of America Special Publication 61, Madison, WI.<br /> Anderson, S.H., B. Haeffner, and R.L. Peyton. 2013. Chemical dispersivity affected by homogeneous and fractal porous media. Procedia Computer Science 15:(in press).<br /> Anderson, S.H., B. Haeffner, and R.L. Peyton. 2013. Chemical dispersivity affected by homogeneous and fractal porous media. Complex Adaptive Systems Conference Abstracts, 13-15 November, Baltimore, MD.<br /> Anderson, S.H., H.J. Shieh, and R.L. Peyton. 2013. Chemical transport in undisturbed soils estimated using transfer function models. Procedia Computer Science 15:(in press).<br /> Anderson, S.H., H.J. Shieh, and R.L. Peyton. 2013. Chemical transport in undisturbed soils estimated using transfer function models. Complex Adaptive Systems Conference Abstracts, 13-15 November, Baltimore, MD.<br /> Aramrak, S., M. Flury, J.B. Harsh, R.L. Zollars and H.P. Davis. 2013. Does Colloid Shape Affect Detachment of Colloids by a Moving Air-Water Interface? Langmuir 29: 5770-5780. doi:10.1021/la400252q.<br /> Chu, B., K.W. Goyne, S.H. Anderson, C.H. Lin, and R.N. Lerch. 2013. Sulfamethazine sorption to soil: Vegetative management, pH, and dissolved organic matter effects. J. Environ. Qual. 42:794-805.<br /> Chu, B., S.H. Anderson, K.W. Goyne, C.H. Lin, and R.N. Lerch. 2013. Sulfamethazine transport in agroforestry and cropland soils. Vadose Zone J. 12(2):1-14. http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.2136/vzj2012.0124<br /> Fahrenfeld, N., K. Knowlton, L. A. Krometis, W. C. Hession, K. Xia, E. Lipscomb, K. Libuit, B. L. Green, A. Pruden. 2013. Effect of Manure Application on Abundance of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and their Attenuation Rates in Soil: Field-Scale Mass Balance Approach. Environ. Sci. Technol. (in review).<br /> Giménez , D., G.B. Runion, J.S. Caplan, B. Clough, S.A. Prior, and H. A.Torbert. 2013. Changes in Soil Structure Resulting From Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen Levels in a Pasture System. ASA-CSSA-SSSA 2013 International Annual Meetings, November 3-6, Tampa, Florida.<br /> Gunatilake, S. R., S. Steelhammer, J. W. Kwon, J. Rodriguez, K. Xia, K. Armbrust, and T. E. Mlsna. 2013. Analysis of Estrogens in Wastewater using solid phase extraction, the QuECHERS cleanup, and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J. AOAC International. 96: 1440-1447.<br /> Hildebrandt, B., A.N. Kravchenko, T.L. Marsh. 2013. Biogeochemical processes controlling soil carbon storage in conventional and cover-crop-enhanced row crop agro-ecosystems. Presented at the 5th Annual Argonne Soil Metagenomics Meeting, Oct 24, Bloomingdale, IL.<br /> Ippolito, J.A., D.G. Strawn, and K.G. Scheckel. 2013. Investigation of copper sorption by sugar beet processing lime waste. J. Environ. Qual., 42:919-924.<br /> Kravchenko A., H.-C. Chun, M. Mazer, W. Wang, J.B. Rose, A. Smucker, and M. Rivers. 2013. Relationships between intra-aggregate pore structures and distributions of Escherichia coli within soil macro-aggregates. Applied Soil Ecology 63:134-142.<br /> Lami, R., L.C. Jones, M. Cottrell, B. Lafferty, M. Ginder-Vogel, D.L. Sparks, and D. Kirchman. 2013. Arsenite modifies structure of soil microbial communities and arsenite oxidation potential. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 84:270-279.<br /> Li, J., G. Evanylo, K. Xia, J. Mao. 2013. Soil carbon characterization ten to fifteen years after organic residuals application: Carbon (1s) K-edge Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) Spectroscopy Study. Soil Science. (in press).<br /> Li, W., X. Feng, Y. Yan, D.L. Sparks, and B.L. Phillips. 2013. Solid state NMR spectroscopic study of phosphate sorption mechanisms on aluminum (hydr)oxides. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47(15): 8308-8315.<br /> Li, W., Y. Wang, M. Zhu, T.T. Fan, D-M. Zhou, B.L. Phillips and D.L. Sparks. 2013. Inhibition mechanism of Zn precipitation on aluminum oxide by glyphosate. A 31P NMR and Zn EXAFS study. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47(9):4211-4219.<br /> Liu, Z.R., M. Flury, J.B. Harsh, J.B. Mathison and C. Vogs. 2013. Colloid mobilization in an undisturbed sediment core under semiarid recharge rates. Water Resources Research 49: 4985-4996. doi:10.1002/wrcr.20343.<br /> Liu, Z.R., M. Flury, Z.F. Zhang, J.B. Harsh, G.W. Gee, C.E. Strickland, et al. 2013. Transport of Europium Colloids in Vadose Zone Lysimeters at the Semiarid Hanford Site. Environmental Science & Technology 47: 2153-2160. doi:10.1021/es304383d.<br /> Ma, L., K. Xia, M. A. Williams, and D. B. Smith. Bioavailable Amino Acids in Soils of North-South and West-East Transects of Continental United States. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings, Tampa, FL. Nov. 3-6, 2013.<br /> Moon J., M. Williams, K. Xia. July 2013. Proteomics to characterize soil ecosystem development. Soil Ecology Society Meeting, Rutgers, New Jersey. July 2013.<br /> Moon J., M. Williams, K. Xia. June 2013. Proteomics to characterize soil pedogenesis. DOE-JGI Workshop. Walnut Creek, California. June 2013.<br /> Negassa W., A. Guber, A. Kravchenko, and M. Rivers. 2013. Soil pore structure influences rates of soil organic carbon and plant residue decomposition: Evidence from coupled incubation and X-Ray computed tomography analyses. Presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Agronomy, Nov 1-3, Tampa, FL.<br /> Negassa W., A. Guber, A. Kravchenko, B. Hildebrandt, T. Marsh, and M. Rivers. 2013. Does X-ray computed Tomography affect soil respiration and microbial activity? Presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Agronomy, Nov 1-3, Tampa, FL.<br /> Senaviratne, A., R.P. Udawatta, C. Baffaut, and S.H. Anderson. 2013. APEX simulation: Environmental benefits of agroforestry and grass buffers for corn-soybean watersheds. 2013 American Society of Agronomy/Soil Science Society of America International Meeting Abstracts [CD-ROM]. 3-6 November, Tampa, Florida.<br /> Senaviratne, A., R.P. Udawatta, S.H. Anderson, C. Baffaut, and A.L. Thompson. 2013. Performance of geno-fuzzy model on rainfall-runoff predictions in claypan watersheds. 2013 American Society of Agronomy/Soil Science Society of America International Meeting Abstracts [CD-ROM]. 3-6 November, Tampa, Florida.<br /> Senaviratne, G.M.M.M.A., R.P. Udawatta, C. Baffaut, and S.H. Anderson. 2013. Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender simulation of three adjacent row-crop watersheds in the claypan region. J. Environ. Qual. 42: 726-736.<br /> Shi, Z., D.M. DiToro, H.E. Allen, and D.L. Sparks. 2013. A general model for kinetics of heavy metal adsorption and desorption on soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47(8):3761-3767.<br /> Simmons, L.A., and S.H. Anderson. 2013. Soil physical properties as affected by logging activities in a Central Hardwood Forest. 2013 American Society of Agronomy/Soil Science Society of America International Meeting Abstracts [CD-ROM]. 3-6 November, Tampa, Florida.<br /> Sosienski, T., K. Xia, R. O. Maguire, and S. Kulesza. Fate of Hormones in Surface-Applied and Subsurface Injected Poultry Litter. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings, Tampa, FL. Nov. 3-6, 2013. <br /> Udawatta, R.P., S.H. Anderson, C.J. Gantzer, and S. Assouline. 2013. Computed tomographic evaluation of earth materials with varying resolutions. p. 97-112. In S.H. Anderson and J.W. Hopmans (eds.) Soil-Water-Root Processes: Advances in Tomography and Imaging, Soil Science Society of America Special Publication 61, Madison, Wisconsin.<br /> Wang, W., A. N. Kravchenko, T. Johnson, S. Srinivasan, A. J. M. Smucker, J. B. Rose, and M. L. Rivers. 2013. Intra-aggregate pore structures and Escherichia coli distribution within and movement out of soil macro-aggregates. Vadoze Zone J. 12(4): doi:10.2136/vzj2013.01.0012.<br /> Williams, M. A., and K. Xia. Protein As the Dominant Form of Soil Organic Matter: More Questions Than Answers About the Role of Enzymes in Soil. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings, Tampa, FL. Nov. 3-6, 2013.<br /> Xia, K., L. Ma, J. Moon, M. A. Williams, D. B. Smith. Soil Organic C Speciation in Surface and Subsurface Soils of North-South and West-East Transects of Continental United States: Carbon K-Edge Nexafs Spectroscopic Investigation. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings, Tampa, FL. Nov. 3-6, 2013.<br />

Impact Statements

1. Graduate student and Postdoctoral Training: This project facilitated the training of undergraduate and graduate students and postdocs at the participating institutions. Details are given in the accomplishments report.
2. Sustainable systems: Dr. Daniel Strawn and co-workers investigated a method for efficient removal of copper from spent dairy cow hoof baths. The method will allow copper to continue to be used as a fungicide while preventing copper from being added to agricultural soils with the manure.
3. Climate Change adaptation and mitigation: Research by Dr. Ganga Hettiarachchi and her group will help to develop or improve management options for climate change adaptation or mitigation. Finally understanding the relative importance of chemical and mineralogical contribution for carbon stabilization is needed to develop process-based soil carbon models. Speciation of phosphorus and contaminants in soils will help to design better and efficient P fertilizers and P management practices for various soils and remediation or management of contaminants in soils, respectively.
4. Improved soil analysis: Drs. Alexandra Kravchenko and Alvin Smucker are developing a new set of tools to enable researchers to take full advantage of data obtained with X-ray Computed Tomograpy to identify presence, quantities, and characteristics of particulate organic matter (POM) within intact soil samples. The method gives results in close agreement with conventional methods and will allow characterization of soil C in situ. This is particularly important for assessing management to enhance carbon sequestration in soil.

Back to top

Report Information

Participants

Harsh, James (harsh@wsu.edu) - Washington State University; Gimenez, Daniel (gimenez@envsci.rutgers.edu) - Rutgers University; Hetteriachchi, Ganga (ganga@ksu.edu) - Kansas State University; Xia, Kang (kx6@msstate.edu) - Mississippi State University; Alvin Smucker (smucker@msu.edu); Sparks, Donald (dlsparks@udel.edu) - University of Delaware; Zhang, Wei (weizhang@msu.edu) - Michigan State University.

Brief Summary of Minutes

NC-1187 Meeting November 3, 2014 Long Beach Residence Inn

1. Attendees are listed in the "Participants" section. Because of the location and conflicting meetings, there were a few members who were not able to make it to the meeting. They did, however, interact with the chair or advisor on site to contribute to discussion items.

2. Project NC-1187 requires a proposal for renewal this year. As a result, the meeting was used to discuss desired changes in the new proposal and milestones for new products. It was noticed that the objectives in the posted proposal are not ours and Harsh will contact Christina Hamilton to get it fixed.

3. The group decided to leave the first objective as is and add detail to others.

4. One objective needs to emphasize spatial and temporal scales and pushing the limit of resolution below nm scale.

5. Be sure to specify opportunities at the new Brookhaven light source. Emphasize the new capabilities and state that we will take advantage of lines as they become available starting Fall, 2015.

6. Keep the milestone to produce a “white paper” that can serve as a seed to seek extramural funding. Need to decide to whom this should be addressed.

7. Plan for a symposium in Minnesota that emphasizes use of synchrontron sources but also other state of the art capabilities applicable to particle behavior and characterization. This could be a joint symposium including soil chemistry, soil physics, and/or soil mineralogy. Dan Strawn is chair of Soil Chemistry; Markus Flury Chair of Soil Physics; Daniel Hirmas Chair of Soil Mineralogy.

8.Keep milestone of multi-investigator proposal for group.

9. Daniel Gimenez will draft the proposal and send by email to all participants for comments before submitting.

Accomplishments

Outputs: <br /> 1. A soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was used to measure the chemical composition of particulate emitted by gasoline and diesel vehicles at high time resolution and allowed distinction between carbon derived from fuel and lubricant sources.<br /> <br /> 2. For improved chemical characterization of the organic composition of ambient particulate matter, a combined thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph-aerosol mass spectrometer (TAG-AMS) was developed allowing simultaneous and complementary measurements of quantitative organic mass loading and detailed organic speciation. With a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-MS), elemental-level determination of OA oxidation state and improved compound identification and separation of unresolved complex mixtures are enabled. Such measurements will improve the identification of organic constituents of ambient aerosol and contribute to the ability of atmospheric chemistry models to predict ambient aerosol composition and loadings. <br /> <br /> 3. A patent was applied for describing a nanocomposite structure for a sensor that can serve as a building block for surface enhanced Raman scattering substrates.<br /> <br /> 4. To improve exposure characterization of resuspended aerosol PM, a mobile sampler--"Pre-toddler Inhalable Particulate Environmental Robotic (PIPER)"--was developed. Measurements of PM and its constituents with PIPER are more strongly associated with asthma, eczema and wheeze compared with measurements using SIMs. Application of this methodology may provide useful insights into early childhood exposures related to the etiology of childhood illnesses associated with inhalation exposures.<br /> <br /> 5. A stepwise, multiobjective, multivariable automatic calibration method for the Agricultural Environmental Policy eXtender (APEX) model for simulating runoff, sediment, total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) was developed. This is a cost efficient technique that should be of significant benefit to modelers. <br /> <br /> 6. Researchers developed, calibrated, and validated a fuzzy rainfall-runoff model using long-term data of three adjacent field scale row crop watersheds (1.65-4.44 ha) with intermittent discharge in the claypan soils of Northeast Missouri. The fuzzy rainfall-runoff model has the potential for runoff predictions at field-scale watersheds with minimum input. It also could up-scale the predictions for large-scale watersheds to evaluate the benefits of conservation practices. <br /> <br /> 7. An environmentally benign remediation method was found effective for phenol and heavy metal removal from contaminated water. The product is a combination of corn cob silica, alginate, and bacteria immobilized into beads.<br /> <br /> 8. Several studies examined the basic science of colloid transport in the vadose zone. a. An examination of the role of fracking flow-back fluids in colloid mobilization from sand showed that the fluid remobilized in situ colloids via 1) surface tension reduction and steric repulsion and 2) slow kinetic disaggregation of colloid flocs. Increasing the flow rate of the flowback fluid mobilized an additional 36% of colloids, due to the expansion of water filled pore space. This study suggests that hydrofracking fluid may also indirectly contaminate groundwater by remobilizing existing colloidal pollutants. b. Transport and retention of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated silver nanoparticles (PVP-AgNPs) were investigated over a wide range of physicochemical factors in water-saturated columns packed with an Ultisol rich in clay-size particles. The transport and retention of PVP-AgNPs are highly sensitive to physicochemical factors, but mathematical modeling was found to accurately predict the fate of these ENPs in porous media. c. Redistribution of E. coli within soil aggregates was studied as a function of management practices. E. coli movement in soil aggregates was mainly driven by water flow via capillary forces and redistribution was most pronounced in conventional tillage aggregates, followed by no-till, and was almost negligible in native vegetation soil aggregates. d. A geocentrifuge was use to determine if water content or flow rate is more important for colloid transport. Negatively charged polystyrene colloids (220 nm diameter) through unsaturated sand-filled columns under steady-state flow at different water contents and flow rates. Colloid transport decreased with decreasing water content, and below a critical water content, colloid transport was inhibited, and colloids were strained in water films. The flow rate affected retention of colloids in the secondary energy minimum, with less colloids being trapped when the flow rate increased. These results confirm the importance of both water content and flow rate for colloid transport in unsaturated porous media and highlight the dominant role of water content. <br /> <br /> 9. Other research within NC-1187 considered the distribution and characterization of aerosol particles over urban and rural areas. One showed the importance of vehicle lubricants was an important contributor to organic aerosols in addition to fuels. Another examined organic matter in the atmosphere above Bakersfield, Pasadena, Tijuana, and on board the R/V Atlantis. They found that 60-88% of the total OM was attributed to fossil fuel burning. Additional marine, vegetative detritus, and biomass burning or biogenic sources contribute up to 40% of the OM. A study of aerosol amines over a southeastern U.S. forested site and a polluted midwestern site. Amines were concentrated on particulate matter, were dependent on temperature and biomass burning events, and were higher at the polluted site. The study concluded that gas to particle conversion was a concentration determining process at the forested site and the importance of anthropogenic emission sources.<br /> <br /> 10. The dispersion of Fe from deep sea vents was studied from the perspective of Fe-organic complexes. It was found that Fe is scavenged and taken up by microorganisms providing the source of organic matter for complexation. The authors state "cellular iron uptake is a major process in plume microbial communities and suggest new mechanisms for generating Fe-C complexes. This 'microbial iron pump' could represent an important mode of converting hydrothermal iron into bioavailable forms that can be dispersed throughout the oceans." Another study involving Fe-organic interactions showed that Mariprofundus ferrooxydans, which produces strands of ferrihydrite, may use extracellular polysaccharides as templates for ferrihydrite precipitation which is then followed by adsorption of dissolved organic carbon preserving the morphological structure of the Fe mineral.<br /> <br /> There were no new milestones or activities in 2014.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />

Publications

1. Aramrak, S.; Flury, M.; Harsh, J. B.; Zollars, R. L., Colloid Mobilization and Transport during Capillary Fringe Fluctuations. Environmental Science & Technology 2014, 48, (13), 7272-7279.<br /> 2. Ash, P. W.; Boyd, D. A.; Hyde, T. I.; Keating, J. L.; Randlshofer, G.; Rothenbacher, K.; Sankar, G.; Schauer, J. J.; Shafer, M. M.; Toner, B. M., Local Structure and Speciation of Platinum in Fresh and Road-Aged North American Sourced Vehicle Emissions Catalysts: An X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic Study. Environmental Science & Technology 2014, 48, (7), 3658-3665.<br /> 3. Atkinson, C.; Pechanova, O.; Sparks, D. L.; Brown, A.; Rodriguez, J. M., Differentiation of Aflatoxigenic and Non-Aflatoxigenic Strains of Aspergilli by FT-IR Spectroscopy. Applied Spectroscopy 2014, 68, (8), 920-924.<br /> 4. Attanayake, C. P.; Hettiarachchi, G. M.; Harms, A.; Presley, D.; Martin, S.; Pierzynski, G. M., Field Evaluations on Soil Plant Transfer of Lead from an Urban Garden Soil. Journal of Environmental Quality 2014, 43, (2), 475-487.<br /> 5. Babu, A. G.; Shea, P. J.; Oh, B.-T., Trichoderma sp PDR1-7 promotes Pinus sylvestris reforestation of lead-contaminated mine tailing sites. Science of the Total Environment 2014, 476, 561-567.<br /> 6. Babu, A. G.; Shim, J.; Bang, K.-S.; Shea, P. J.; Oh, B.-T., Trichoderma virens PDR-28: A heavy metal-tolerant and plant growth-promoting fungus for remediation and bioenergy crop production on mine tailing soil. Journal of Environmental Management 2014, 132, 129-134.<br /> 7. Babu, A. G.; Shim, J.; Shea, P. J.; Oh, B.-T., Penicillium aculeatum PDR-4 and Trichoderma sp PDR-16 promote phytoremediation of mine tailing soil and bioenergy production with sorghum-sudangrass. Ecological Engineering 2014, 69, 186-191.<br /> 8. Baker, L. L.; Nickerson, R. D.; Strawn, D. G., XAFS STUDY OF Fe-SUBSTITUTED ALLOPHANE AND IMOGOLITE. Clays and Clay Minerals 2014, 62, (1-2), 20-34.<br /> 9. Baker, L. L.; Strawn, D. G., TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON THE CRYSTALLINITY OF SYNTHETIC NONTRONITE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NONTRONITE FORMATION IN COLUMBIA RIVER BASALTS. Clays and Clay Minerals 2014, 62, (1-2), 89-101.<br /> 10. Baker, L. R.; Pierzynski, G. M.; Hettiarachchi, G. M.; Scheckel, K. G.; Newville, M., Micro-X-Ray Fluorescence, Micro-X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy, and Micro-X-Ray Diffraction Investigation of Lead Speciation after the Addition of Different Phosphorus Amendments to a Smelter-Contaminated Soil. Journal of Environmental Quality 2014, 43, (2), 488-497.<br /> 11. Bennett, S. A.; Toner, B. M.; Barco, R.; Edwards, K. J., Carbon adsorption onto Fe oxyhydroxide stalks produced by a lithotrophic iron-oxidizing bacteria. Geobiology 2014, 12, (2), 146-156.<br /> 12. Chen, C.; Dynes, J. J.; Wang, J.; Karunakaran, C.; Sparks, D. L., Soft X-ray Spectronnicroscopy Study of Mineral-Organic Matter Associations in Pasture Soil Clay Fractions. Environmental Science & Technology 2014, 48, (12), 6678-6686.<br /> 13. Chimchart, B.; Kheoruenromne, I.; Suddhiprakarn, A.; Sparks, D. L., Role of Organic Matter on Charge Behavior of Oxisols and Ultisols Under Tropical Savanna and Tropical Monsoon Climates in Thailand. Soil Science 2013, 178, (10), 540-549.<br /> 14. Dallmann, T. R.; Onasch, T. B.; Kirchstetter, T. W.; Worton, D. R.; Fortner, E. C.; Herndon, S. C.; Wood, E. C.; Franklin, J. P.; Worsnop, D. R.; Goldstein, A. H.; Harley, R. A., Characterization of particulate matter emissions from on-road gasoline and diesel vehicles using a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2014, 14, (14), 7585-7599.<br /> 15. Dickson, J. O.; Harsh, J. B.; Flury, M.; Lukens, W. W.; Pierce, E. M., Competitive Incorporation of Perrhenate and Nitrate into Sodalite. Environmental Science & Technology 2014, 48, (21), 12851-12857.<br /> 16. Elbana, T. A.; Sparks, D. L.; Selim, H. M., Transport of Tin and Lead in Soils: Miscible Displacement Experiments and Second-Order Modeling. Soil Science Society of America Journal 2014, 78, (3), 701-712.<br /> 17. Fahrenfeld, N.; Knowlton, K.; Krometis, L. A.; Hession, W. C.; Xia, K.; Lipscomb, E.; Libuit, K.; Green, B. L.; Pruden, A., Effect of Manure Application on Abundance of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Their Attenuation Rates in Soil: Field-Scale Mass Balance Approach. Environmental Science & Technology 2014, 48, (5), 2643-2650.<br /> 18. Fan, J.-X.; Wang, Y.-J.; Liu, C.; Wang, L.-H.; Yang, K.; Zhou, D.-M.; Li, W.; Sparks, D. L., Effect of iron oxide reductive dissolution on the transformation and immobilization of arsenic in soils: New insights from X-ray photoelectron and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2014, 279, 212-219.<br /> 19. Garbuzenko, O. B.; Mainelis, G.; Taratula, O.; Minko, T., Inhalation treatment of lung cancer: the influence of composition, size and shape of nanocarriers on their lung accumulation and retention. Cancer Biology Medicine 2014, 11, (1), 44-55.<br /> 20. Gentner, D. R.; Ford, T. B.; Guha, A.; Boulanger, K.; Brioude, J.; Angevine, W. M.; de Gouw, J. A.; Warneke, C.; Gilman, J. B.; Ryerson, T. B.; Peischl, J.; Meinardi, S.; Blake, D. R.; Atlas, E.; Lonneman, W. A.; Kleindienst, T. E.; Beaver, M. R.; St Clair, J. M.; Wennberg, P. O.; VandenBoer, T. C.; Markovic, M. Z.; Murphy, J. G.; Harley, R. A.; Goldstein, A. H., Emissions of organic carbon and methane from petroleum and dairy operations in California's San Joaquin Valley. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2014, 14, (10), 4955-4978.<br /> 21. Gentner, D. R.; Ormeno, E.; Fares, S.; Ford, T. B.; Weber, R.; Park, J. H.; Brioude, J.; Angevine, W. M.; Karlik, J. F.; Goldstein, A. H., Emissions of terpenoids, benzenoids, and other biogenic gas-phase organic compounds from agricultural crops and their potential implications for air quality. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2014, 14, (11), 5393-5413.<br /> 22. Gentner, D. R.; Worton, D. R.; Isaacman, G.; Davis, L. C.; Dallmann, T. R.; Wood, E. C.; Herndon, S. C.; Goldstein, A. H.; Harley, R. A., Chemical Composition of Gas-Phase Organic Carbon Emissions from Motor Vehicles and Implications for Ozone Production. Environmental Science & Technology 2013, 47, (20), 11837-11848.<br /> 23. Grundtner, A.; Gupta, S.; Bloom, P., River Bank Materials as a Source and as Carriers of Phosphorus to Lake Pepin. Journal of Environmental Quality 2014, 43, (6), 1991-2001.<br /> 24. Gunatilake, S. R.; Craver, S.; Kwon, J.-W.; Xia, K.; Armbrust, K.; Rodriguez, J. M.; Mlsna, T. E., Analysis of Estrogens in Wastewater Using Solid-Phase Extraction, QuEChERS Cleanup, and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Aoac International 2013, 96, (6), 1440-1447.<br /> 25. Guzman-Morales, J.; Frossard, A. A.; Corrigan, A. L.; Russell, L. M.; Liu, S.; Takahama, S.; Taylor, J. W.; Allan, J.; Coe, H.; Zhao, Y.; Goldstein, A. H., Estimated contributions of primary and secondary organic aerosol from fossil fuel combustion during the CalNex and Cal-Mex campaigns. Atmospheric Environment 2014, 88, 330-340.<br /> 26. Hartley, P. E.; Presley, D. R.; Ransom, M. D.; Hettiarachchi, G. M.; West, L. T., Vertisols and Vertic Properties of Soils of the Cherokee Prairies of Kansas. Soil Science Society of America Journal 2014, 78, (2), 556-566.<br /> 27. Hirmas, D. R.; Gimenez, D.; Subroy, V.; Platt, B. F., Fractal distribution of mass from the millimeter- to decimeter-scale in two soils under native and restored tallgrass prairie. Geoderma 2013, 207, 121-130.<br /> 28. Huang, Y. H.; Zhang, T. C.; Shea, P. J.; Comfort, S. D., Competitive Reduction of Nitrate, Nitrite, and Nitrobenzene in Fe-0-Water Systems. Journal of Environmental Engineering 2014, 140, (8).<br /> 29. Karathanasis, A. D., The Role of Colloidal Systems in Environmental Protection Foreword. 2014; p XV-XVI.<br /> 30. Karathanasis, A. D.; Murdock, L. W.; Matocha, C. J.; Grove, J.; Thompson, Y. L., Fragipan Horizon Fragmentation in Slaking Experiments with Amendment Materials and Ryegrass Root Tissue Extracts. Scientific World Journal 2014.<br /> 31. Karl, T.; Misztal, P. K.; Jonsson, H. H.; Shertz, S.; Goldstein, A. H.; Guenther, A. B., Airborne Flux Measurements of BVOCs above Californian Oak Forests: Experimental Investigation of Surface and Entrainment Fluxes, OH Densities, and Damkohler Numbers. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 2013, 70, (10), 3277-3287.<br /> 32. Kavdir, Y.; Zhang, W.; Basso, B.; Smucker, A. J. M., Development of a new long-term drought resilient soil water retention technology. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 2014, 69, (5), 154A-160A.<br /> 33. Kelly, J. G.; Han, F. X.; Su, Y.; Xia, Y.; Philips, V.; Shi, Z.; Monts, D. L.; Pichardo, S. T.; Xia, K., Rapid Determination of Mercury in Contaminated Soil and Plant Samples Using Portable Mercury Direct Analyzer Without Sample Preparation, a Comparative Study (vol 223, pg 2361, 2012). Water Air and Soil Pollution 2014, 225, (7).<br /> 34. Khatiwada, R.; Hettiarachchi, G. M.; Mengel, D. B.; Fei, M., Placement and Source Effects of Phosphate Fertilizers on Phosphorus Availability and Reaction Products in Two Reduced-Till Soils: A Greenhouse Study. Soil Science 2014, 179, (3), 141-152.<br /> 35. Knappenberger, T.; Flury, M.; Mattson, E. D.; Harsh, J. B., Does Water Content or Flow Rate Control Colloid Transport in Unsaturated Porous Media? Environmental Science & Technology 2014, 48, (7), 3791-3799.<br /> 36. Knote, C.; Hodzic, A.; Jimenez, J. L.; Volkamer, R.; Orlando, J. J.; Baidar, S.; Brioude, J.; Fast, J.; Gentner, D. R.; Goldstein, A. H.; Hayes, P. L.; Knighton, W. B.; Oetjen, H.; Setyan, A.; Stark, H.; Thalman, R.; Tyndall, G.; Washenfelder, R.; Waxman, E.; Zhang, Q., Simulation of semi-explicit mechanisms of SOA formation from glyoxal in aerosol in a 3-D model. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2014, 14, (12), 6213-6239.<br /> 37. Kravchenko, A. N.; Negassa, W.; Guber, A. K.; Schmidt, S., New Approach to Measure Soil Particulate Organic Matter in Intact Samples using X-Ray Computed Microtomography. Soil Science Society of America Journal 2014, 78, (4), 1177-1185.<br /> 38. Kravchenko, A. N.; Robertson, G. P., Whole-Profile Soil Carbon Stocks: The Danger of Assuming Too Much from Analyses of Too Little (vol 75, pg 235, 2011). Soil Science Society of America Journal 2014, 78, (4), 1491-1491.<br /> 39. Li, M.; Toner, B. M.; Baker, B. J.; Breier, J. A.; Sheik, C. S.; Dick, G. J., Microbial iron uptake as a mechanism for dispersing iron from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Nature Communications 2014, 5.<br /> 40. Li, T.; Tao, Q.; Liang, C.; Shohag, M. J. I.; Yang, X.; Sparks, D. L., Complexation with dissolved organic matter and mobility control of heavy metals in the rhizosphere of hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii. Environmental Pollution 2013, 182, 248-255.<br /> 41. Ma, Y.; Zheng, X.; Anderson, S. H.; Lu, J.; Feng, X., Diesel oil volatilization processes affected by selected porous media. Chemosphere 2014, 99, 192-198.<br /> 42. Mainelis, G.; Seshadri, S.; Garbuzenko, O. B.; Han, T.; Wang, Z.; Minko, T., Characterization and Application of a Nose-Only Exposure Chamber for Inhalation Delivery of Liposomal Drugs and Nucleic Acids to Mice. Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery 2013, 26, (6), 345-354.<br /> 43. Mejias, J. H.; Alfaro, M.; Harsh, J., Approaching environmental phosphorus limits on a volcanic soil of Southern Chile. Geoderma 2013, 207, 49-57.<br /> 44. Miller, J. O.; Karathanasis, A. D., Biosolid Colloids as Environmental Contaminant Carriers. 2014; p 1-18.<br /> 45. Nazarenko, Y.; Lioy, P. J.; Mainelis, G., Quantitative assessment of inhalation exposure and deposited dose of aerosol from nanotechnology-based consumer sprays. Environmental Science-Nano 2014, 1, (2), 161-171.<br /> 46. Ortega, J.; Turnipseed, A.; Guenther, A. B.; Karl, T. G.; Day, D. A.; Gochis, D.; Huffman, J. A.; Prenni, A. J.; Levin, E. J. T.; Kreidenweis, S. M.; DeMott, P. J.; Tobo, Y.; Patton, E. G.; Hodzic, A.; Cui, Y. Y.; Harley, P. C.; Hornbrook, R. S.; Apel, E. C.; Monson, R. K.; Eller, A. S. D.; Greenberg, J. P.; Barth, M. C.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Palm, B. B.; Jimenez, J. L.; Aiken, A. C.; Dubey, M. K.; Geron, C.; Offenberg, J.; Ryan, M. G.; Fornwalt, P. J.; Pryor, S. C.; Keutsch, F. N.; DiGangi, J. P.; Chan, A. W. H.; Goldstein, A. H.; Wolfe, G. M.; Kim, S.; Kaser, L.; Schnitzhofer, R.; Hansel, A.; Cantrell, C. A.; Mauldin, R. L.; Smith, J. N., Overview of the Manitou Experimental Forest Observatory: site description and selected science results from 2008 to 2013. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2014, 14, (12), 6345-6367.<br /> 47. Park, J. H.; Fares, S.; Weber, R.; Goldstein, A. H., Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions during BEARPEX 2009 measured by eddy covariance and flux-gradient similarity methods. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2014, 14, (1), 231-244.<br /> 48. Pusede, S. E.; Gentner, D. R.; Wooldridge, P. J.; Browne, E. C.; Rollins, A. W.; Min, K. E.; Russell, A. R.; Thomas, J.; Zhang, L.; Brune, W. H.; Henry, S. B.; DiGangi, J. P.; Keutsch, F. N.; Harrold, S. A.; Thornton, J. A.; Beaver, M. R.; St Clair, J. M.; Wennberg, P. O.; Sanders, J.; Ren, X.; VandenBoer, T. C.; Markovic, M. Z.; Guha, A.; Weber, R.; Goldstein, A. H.; Cohen, R. C., On the temperature dependence of organic reactivity, nitrogen oxides, ozone production, and the impact of emission controls in San Joaquin Valley, California. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2014, 14, (7), 3373-3395.<br /> 49. Rabolt, J. F.; Tang, W.; Chase, D. B.; Sparks, D. L. Nanocomposite structure for sensor, has outermost third polyelectrolyte layer that is disposed on each gold nanorod of charged nanorod, and having change that is opposite charge of second polyelectrolyte. WO2014159521-A1.<br /> 50. Ramagopal, M.; Wang, Z.; Black, K.; Hernandez, M.; Stambler, A. A.; Emoekpere, O. H.; Mainelis, G.; Shalat, S. L., Improved exposure characterization with robotic (PIPER) sampling and association with children's respiratory symptoms, asthma and eczema. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 2014, 24, (4), 421-427.<br /> 51. Sang, W.; Stoof, C. R.; Zhang, W.; Morales, V. L.; Gao, B.; Kay, R. W.; Liu, L.; Zhang, Y.; Steenhuis, T. S., Effect of Hydrofracking Fluid on Colloid Transport in the Unsaturated Zone. Environmental Science & Technology 2014, 48, (14), 8266-8274.<br /> 52. Sankar, M. S.; Vega, M. A.; Defoe, P. P.; Kibria, M. G.; Ford, S.; Telfeyan, K.; Neal, A.; Mohajerin, T. J.; Hettiarachchi, G. M.; Barua, S.; Hobson, C.; Johannesson, K.; Datta, S., Elevated arsenic and manganese in groundwaters of Murshidabad, West Bengal, India. Science of the Total Environment 2014, 488, 574-583.<br /> 53. Sarkar, S.; Zhang, L.; Subramaniam, P.; Lee, K.-B.; Garfunkel, E.; Strickland, P. A. O.; Mainelis, G.; Lioy, P. J.; Tetley, T. D.; Chung, K. F.; Zhang, J.; Ryan, M.; Porter, A.; Schwander, S., Variability in Bioreactivity Linked to Changes in Size and Zeta Potential of Diesel Exhaust Particles in Human Immune Cells. Plos One 2014, 9, (5).<br /> 54. Sarkar, S.; Zhang, L.; Subramaniam, P.; Lee, K.-B.; Garfunkel, E.; Strickland, P. A. O.; Mainelis, G.; Lioy, P. J.; Tetley, T. D.; Chung, K. F.; Zhang, J.; Ryan, M.; Porter, A.; Schwander, S., Variability in bioreactivity linked to changes in size and zeta potential of diesel exhaust particles in human immune cells. PloS one 2014, 9, (5), e97304-e97304.<br /> 55. Senaviratne, G. M. M. M. A.; Udawatta, R. P.; Anderson, S. H.; Baffaut, C.; Thompson, A., Use of Fuzzy rainfall-runoff predictions for claypan watersheds with conservation buffers in Northeast Missouri. Journal of Hydrology 2014, 517, 1008-1018.<br /> 56. Senaviratne, G. M. M. M. A.; Udawatta, R. P.; Baffaut, C.; Anderson, S. H., Evaluation of a Stepwise, Multiobjective, Multivariable Parameter Optimization Method for the APEX Model. Journal of Environmental Quality 2014, 43, (4), 1381-1391.<br /> 57. Shim, J.; Babu, A. G.; Velmurugan, P.; Shea, P. J.; Oh, B.-T., Pseudomonas fluorescens JH 70-4 promotes Pb stabilization and early seedling growth of Sudan grass in contaminated mining site soil. Environmental Technology 2014, 35, (20), 2589-2596.<br /> 58. Shim, J.; Lim, J.-M.; Shea, P. J.; Oh, B.-T., Simultaneous removal of phenol, Cu and Cd from water with corn cob silica-alginate beads. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2014, 272, 129-136.<br /> 59. Shim, J.; Shea, P. J.; Oh, B.-T., Stabilization of Heavy Metals in Mining Site Soil with Silica Extracted from Corn Cob. Water Air and Soil Pollution 2014, 225, (10).<br /> 60. Song, E.; Schneider, J. G.; Anderson, S. H.; Goyne, K. W.; Xiong, X., Wetting Agent Influence on Water Infiltration into Hydrophobic Sand: I. Rewettability. Agronomy Journal 2014, 106, (5), 1873-1878.<br /> 61. Song, E.; Schneider, J. G.; Anderson, S. H.; Goyne, K. W.; Xiong, X., Wetting Agent Influence on Water Infiltration into Hydrophobic Sand: II. Physical Properties. Agronomy Journal 2014, 106, (5), 1879-1885.<br /> 62. Stucki, J. W.; Su, K.; Pentrakova, L.; Pentrak, M., Methods for handling redox-sensitive smectite dispersions. Clay Minerals 2014, 49, (3), 359-377.<br /> 63. Subroy, V.; Gimenez, D.; Qin, M.; Krogmann, U.; Strom, P. F.; Miskewitz, R. J., Hydraulic properties of coarsely and finely ground woodchips. Journal of Hydrology 2014, 517, 201-212.<br /> 64. Syswerda, S. P.; Corbin, A. T.; Mokma, D. L.; Kravchenko, A. N.; Robertson, G. P., Agricultural Management and Soil Carbon Storage in Surface vs. Deep Layers (vol 75, pg 92, 2011). Soil Science Society of America Journal 2014, 78, (4), 1489-1489.<br /> 65. Tamir, G.; Shenker, M.; Heller, H.; Bloom, P. R.; Fine, P.; Bar-Tal, A., Organic N mineralization and transformations in soils treated with animal waste in relation to carbonate dissolution and precipitation. Geoderma 2013, 209, 50-56.<br /> 66. Therkorn, J. H.; Mainelis, G., Effect of Agar Plate Volume on Accuracy of Culturable Bioaerosol Impactors. Aerosol Science and Technology 2013, 47, (12), 1353-1362.<br /> 67. Toner, B. M.; Nicholas, S. L.; Wasik, J. K. C., Scaling up: fulfilling the promise of X-ray microprobe for biogeochemical research. Environmental Chemistry 2014, 11, (1), 4-9.<br /> 68. Wang, D.; Ge, L.; He, J.; Zhang, W.; Jaisi, D. P.; Zhou, D., Hyperexponential and nonmonotonic retention of polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles in an Ultisol. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 2014, 164, 35-48.<br /> 69. Wang, W.; Kravchenko, A. N.; Johnson, T.; Srinivasan, S.; Ananyeva, K. A.; Smucker, A. J. M.; Rose, J. B.; Rivers, M. L., Intra-Aggregate Pore Structures and Escherichia coli Distribution by Water Flow within and Movement Out of Soil Macroaggregates. Vadose Zone Journal 2013, 12, (4).<br /> 70. Williams, B. J.; Jayne, J. T.; Lambe, A. T.; Hohaus, T.; Kimmel, J. R.; Sueper, D.; Brooks, W.; Williams, L. R.; Trimborn, A. M.; Martinez, R. E.; Hayes, P. L.; Jimenez, J. L.; Kreisberg, N. M.; Hering, S. V.; Worton, D. R.; Goldstein, A. H.; Worsnop, D. R., The First Combined Thermal Desorption Aerosol Gas Chromatograph-Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (TAG-AMS). Aerosol Science and Technology 2014, 48, (4), 358-370.<br /> 71. Womack, E. D.; Brown, A. E.; Sparks, D. L., A recent review of non-biological remediation of aflatoxin-contaminated crops. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2014, 94, (9), 1706-1714.<br /> 72. Worton, D. R.; Isaacman, G.; Gentner, D. R.; Dallmann, T. R.; Chan, A. W. H.; Ruehl, C.; Kirchstetter, T. W.; Wilson, K. R.; Harley, R. A.; Goldstein, A. H., Lubricating Oil Dominates Primary Organic Aerosol Emissions from Motor Vehicles. Environmental Science & Technology 2014, 48, (7), 3698-3706.<br /> 73. Yan, Y. P.; Liu, F., Jr.; Li, W.; Liu, F.; Feng, X. H.; Sparks, D. L., Sorption and desorption characteristics of organic phosphates of different structures on aluminium (oxyhydr)oxides. European Journal of Soil Science 2014, 65, (2), 308-317.<br /> 74. Yan, Y.; Li, W.; Yang, J.; Zheng, A.; Liu, F.; Feng, X.; Sparks, D. L., Mechanism of Myo-inositol Hexakisphosphate Sorption on Amorphous Aluminum Hydroxide: Spectroscopic Evidence for Rapid Surface Precipitation. Environmental Science & Technology 2014, 48, (12), 6735-6742.<br /> 75. You, Y.; Kanawade, V. P.; de Gouw, J. A.; Guenther, A. B.; Madronich, S.; Sierra-Hernandez, M. R.; Lawler, M.; Smith, J. N.; Takahama, S.; Ruggeri, G.; Koss, A.; Olson, K.; Baumann, K.; Weber, R. J.; Nenes, A.; Guo, H.; Edgerton, E. S.; Porcelli, L.; Brune, W. H.; Goldstein, A. H.; Lee, S. H., Atmospheric amines and ammonia measured with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2014, 14, (22), 12181-12194.<br /> 76. Zhang, H.; Ruehl, C. R.; Chan, A. W. H.; Nah, T.; Worton, D. R.; Isaacman, G.; Goldstein, A. H.; Wilson, K. R., OH-Initiated Heterogeneous Oxidation of Cholestane: A Model System for Understanding the Photochemical Aging of Cyclic Alkane Aerosols. Journal of Physical Chemistry A 2013, 117, (47), 12449-12458.<br /> 77. Zhang, J.; Nazarenko, Y.; Zhang, L.; Calderon, L.; Lee, K.-B.; Garfunkel, E.; Schwander, S.; Tetley, T. D.; Chung, K. F.; Porter, A. E.; Ryan, M.; Kipen, H.; Lioy, P. J.; Mainelis, G., Impacts of a Nanosized Ceria Additive on Diesel Engine Emissions of Particulate and Gaseous Pollutants. Environmental Science & Technology 2013, 47, (22), 13077-13085.<br /> 78. Zhao, Y.; Kreisberg, N. M.; Worton, D. R.; Isaacman, G.; Gentner, D. R.; Chan, A. W. H.; Weber, R. J.; Liu, S.; Day, D. A.; Russell, L. M.; Hering, S. V.; Goldstein, A. H., Sources of organic aerosol investigated using organic compounds as tracers measured during CalNex in Bakersfield. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 2013, 118, (19), 11388-11398.<br /> 79. Zhen, H.; Han, T.; Fennell, D. E.; Mainelis, G., Release of Free DNA by Membrane-Impaired Bacterial Aerosols Due to Aerosolization and Air Sampling. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2013, 79, (24), 7780-7789.<br /> 80. Zhen, H.; Han, T.; Fennell, D. E.; Mainelis, G., A systematic comparison of four bioaerosol generators: Affect on culturability and cell membrane integrity when aerosolizing Escherichia coli bacteria. Journal of Aerosol Science 2014, 70, 67-79.<br />

Impact Statements

1. A soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was used to measure the chemical composition of particulate emitted by gasoline and diesel vehicles at high time resolution and allowed distinction between carbon derived from fuel and lubricant sources.
2. For improved chemical characterization of the organic composition of ambient particulate matter, a combined thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph-aerosol mass spectrometer (TAG-AMS) was developed allowing simultaneous and complementary measurements of quantitative organic mass loading and detailed organic speciation.
3. A patent was applied for describing a nanocomposite structure for a sensor that can serve as a building block for surface enhanced Raman scattering substrates. This could greatly improve detection limits for the technique.
4. To improve exposure characterization of resuspended aerosol PM, a mobile sampler--"Pre-toddler Inhalable Particulate Environmental Robotic (PIPER)"--was developed. Measurements of PM and its constituents with PIPER are more strongly associated with asthma, eczema and wheeze compared with measurements using SIMs. Application of this methodology may provide useful insights into early childhood exposures related to the etiology of childhood illnesses associated with inhalation exposures.
5. A stepwise, multiobjective, multivariable automatic calibration method for the Agricultural Environmental Policy eXtender (APEX) model for simulating runoff, sediment, total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) was developed. This is a cost efficient technique that should be of significant benefit to modelers.
6. A fuzzy rainfall-runoff model was developed with the potential for runoff predictions at field-scale watersheds with minimum input. It also could up-scale the predictions for large-scale watersheds to evaluate the benefits of conservation practices.
7. An environmentally benign remediation method was found effective for phenol and heavy metal removal from contaminated water. The product is a combination of corn cob silica, alginate, and bacteria immobilized into beads.

Back to top