NCERA212: Soybean Diseases

(Multistate Research Coordinating Committee and Information Exchange Group)

Status: Inactive/Terminating

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[05/19/2010] [04/01/2011] [05/24/2012] [04/15/2013] [06/30/2014]

Date of Annual Report: 05/19/2010

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 02/24/2010 - 02/25/2010
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2008 - 09/01/2009

Participants

Paul Esker (Univ. Wisconsin)
Carl Bradley (Univ. Illinois)
Doug Jardine (Kansas St. Univ.)
Anne Dorrance (Ohio St. Univ.)
Kiersten Wise (Purdue Univ.)
Daren Mueller (Iowa St. University)
Steven Slack (Ohio St. Univ.)
Peter Lundeen (Iowa St. Univ.)
Nenad Tatalorie (Iowa St. Univ.)
Berlin Nelson (North Dakota St. Univ.)
X. B. Yang (Iowa St. Univ.)
Aordra Kachroo (Univ. Kentucky)
Don Hershman (Univ. Kentucky)
Glen Hartman (USDA-ARS, Urbana, IL)
Madan Bhattacharyha (Iowa St. Univ.)
Alex Luckew (Iowa St. Univ.)
Shuxian Li (USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS)
Chris Little (Kansas St. Univ.)
Jim Kurle (Univ. Minnesota)
Leonor Leandro (Iowa St. Univ.)
Dean Malvick (Univ. Minnesota)
Martin Chilvers (Michigan St. Univ.)
Loren Giesler (Univ. Nebraska)
Albert Tenuta (Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs)
David Wright (Iowa Soybean Association / North Central Soybean Research Program)
Arvydas Grybauskas (Univ. Maryland)
Alison Robertson (Iowa St. Univ.).

Brief Summary of Minutes

The meeting of the NCERA 212: Soybean Diseases Committee was held at the Sheraton Westport Chalet Hotel, St. Louis, MO on February 24, 2010. The meeting was held in conjunction with the Soybean Breeders Workshop and the Corn Disease Working Group.

The meeting was called to order at 9:00 am by Chair, Paul Esker (Univ. Wisconsin). The meeting began with introductions of everyone in attendance.

Brian Diers (Univ. Illinois) updated the group about a research study to evaluate yield gains in soybean over time. The study involves evaluating disease resistance of genotypes in Maturity Groups II to IV developed several years ago. Brian asked the group if there was interest in collaboration in evaluating resistance to specific diseases.

Anne Dorrance (Ohio St. Univ.) notified the group that John Rupe (Univ. Arkansas) is rotating off the soybean germ plasm committee as the representative from plant pathology, and that the committee needed a nomination from NCERA 212. It was suggested that a nomination be made during the NCERA 212 business meeting.

Brief oral reports on the crop and disease situation and research projects in each state were given. In addition to the oral reports, some states also provided a written report. Brief summaries of these oral and written state reports are provided below:

Wisconsin: In 2009, soybean was planted on 1.63 million acres with 1.62 million acres harvested. The statewide yield was 40 bu/A for a total production of 64,800 thousand bushels. Yield was +5 bu/A from 2008, but still ~4 bu/A lower than 2005 and 2006 yields. In general, there has been a negative trend in soybean yield for about the last 10 years in Wisconsin. In 2009, Sclerotinia stem rot, soybean cyst nematode, brown stem rot (maybe some sudden death syndrome), seedling diseases, and seed decays were the major problems. From a survey of audience members at Wisconsin Extension meetings, most people responded that Sclerotinia stem rot reduced yields from 1 to 10%. Thirteen different research and extension projects were listed that focused on soybean diseases that are on-going with University of Wisconsin faculty involved.

Illinois: Approximately 9.4 million acres of soybean were harvested in Illinois in 2009. The state average yield was 46 bu/A. Most fields in the state were planted later than normal due to large amounts of rainfall in May. Sclerotinia stem rot was the most severe it had been in the past several years, and affected most of the northern half of the state. Results from a foliar fungicide trial conducted near DeKalb, IL in 2009 indicated that Sclerotinia stem rot caused at least a 40% yield reduction in that trial. A number of soybean pathology research projects are being conducted at the University of Illinois, including those focused on: foliar and seed treatment fungicide evaluations; interaction between Rhizoctonia root rot and soybean cyst nematode; fungicide resistance monitoring for Cercospora sojina, overwinter survival of C. sojina, genetic diversity of C. sojina, soybean rust monitoring, soybean cyst nematode, bacterial pustule, charcoal rot, soybean rust, sudden death syndrome, and developing multiplex Q-PCR assays for soybean pathogen detection.

Kansas: Kansas soybean producers harvested 3.65 million acres of soybean in 2009 with an average yield of 44 bu/A. This compares to 3.25 million acres in 2008, when the average yield was 37 bu/A. Timely rains across most of the state reduced levels of charcoal rot to the lowest level in the past 25 years and were a major contributor to the increased yield average. Seedling blights and soybean cyst nematode caused the most yield loss of the diseases present in 2009. Frogeye leaf spot was prevalent in the eastern portion of the state, and brown spot and bacterial blight were common everywhere in the state. Sudden death syndrome also was observed in the Kansas River Valley. A number of soybean pathology research projects are on-going at Kansas State Univ. and include those focused on: charcoal rot, frogeye leaf spot, soybean cyst nematode, sudden death syndrome, and fungicide evaluations.

Ohio: Ohio weather conditions during 2009 started out very favorable for disease outbreaks in the early part of the season with heavy rains, cool weather, and delayed planting. Conditions across the state were cooler than normal. Flowering was delayed, and canopy was closed through much of the state at flowering. Outbreaks of Sclerotinia stem rot were common with up to 50% plants affected in some fields. Sudden death syndrome, Phytophthora root rot, brown stem rot, and soybean cyst nematode also caused losses. The number of minor diseases present in fields (i.e. bacterial pustule, bacterial blight, powdery mildew, etc.) was greater than normal. There are reports of high incidence of Phomopsis seed rot as well as Fusarium graminearum present in seed germination tests. Key findings during 2009 included new information about Cercospora sojina survival and optimum conditions for growth; effect of soil physical and chemical properties on Pythium; effect of seed treatments on Phytopthora root rot of soybean cultivars with different combinations of Rps genes and levels of partial resistance.

North Dakota: Soybean acreage in 2009 was approximately 3.9 million acres. Soybean disease research projects in 2009 were: 1) incorporation of resistance to Phytophthora sojae and soybean cyst nematode (SCN) into soybean lines/cultivars; 2) effect of crop rotation and crops on SCN; 3) effect of SCN on dry bean growth; 4) effect of soil type on SCN; 5) biology of Fusarium root rot of soybean; 6) genetic variation and virulence in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; 7) identification of soybean viruses in North Dakota; 8) monitoring for soybean rust; and 9) survey for emerging diseases in North Dakota.

Minnesota: Minnesota produced soybean on approximately 7.1 million acres in 2009. The average yield was 41 bu/A, which is up 3 bu/A from 2008. The most important soybean disease problems were SCN, brown stem rot, Sclerotinia stem rot, Rhizoctonia root rot, and sudden death syndrome, although pod and stem blight and Phytophthora rot and other root rots also were important in some areas. Leaf diseases generally were at low incidence and severity. Selected Minnesota research projects and progress in 2009:
" In continued work, results suggest an expanded host range for Fusarium virguliforme that includes other hosts that develop severe root symptoms as well as potential asymptomatic hosts capable of sustaining or supporting pathogen survival in the absence of soybean.
" The brown stem rot pathogen has been shown to reduce leaf area and xylem vessels in soybean plants, and the A and B types of the pathogen can colonize stem tissues and cells differently.
" In a study of root rots of soybean in Minnesota, a diversity of Fusarium species are associated with soybean. At least 11 pathogenic Fusarium species have been confirmed to be associated with soybean roots in Minnesota. Many of these species have also been sown to be capable of causing significant root rot on corn in greenhouse studies.
" Soybean cyst nematode continues to be a major problem in Minnesota and was found for the first time in three northern counties in 2009. HG types capable of reproducing on PI 88788 and Peking sources of resistance are being detected more frequently.

Indiana: In 2009, approximately 5.5 million acres of soybean were grown in Indiana. The average yield was 49 bu/A, which was the highest in three years. Wet weather in April and May forced many producers to plant soybean later than normal, and temperatures were cooler than normal throughout the season. Sclerotinia stem rot was widespread, and further south and west than normal. Sudden death syndrome also was widespread. Yield losses caused by Phytophthora root rot and soybean cyst nematode continued to be important in 2009. Phomopsis and Cercospora blight were problematic in southern Indiana fields due to late rains and cool conditions near harvest. Screening soybean for resistance to Phytophthora root rot, SDS, and frogeye leaf spot continue to be important projects. Additionally, research focused on the effect of foliar fungicides on soybean continued.

Michigan: Approximately 2 million acres of soybean were planted in 2009, and 1.99 million acres were harvested. The average yield for the state was 40 bu/A, which was up 3 bu/A from 2008. Growing conditions in 2009 were cool and wet, with excessive moisture early in the season which caused some delayed planting. In June and July, extensive brown spot was noted in some fields. From August to September, downy mildew developed across the state. Sclerotinia stem rot caused the most losses across the state, and was most severe in the thumb region of the state and in irrigated fields. Sudden death syndrome was confirmed in the state for the first time in 2009. Current soybean pathology research projects include: IPM-PIPE sentinel plots for soybean rust; mapping distribution of soybean death syndrome in the state; breeding soybean for multi-disease resistance; fungicide and biocontrol of Sclerotinia stem rot; prediction of Sclerotinia stem rot; and irrigation effects on SDS.

Nebraska: In 2009, Nebraska soybean producers harvested 4.76 million acres of soybean (similar to the 4.85 million acres harvested in 2008), with a record average yield of 54.5 bu/A. This was up 8.5 bu/A from the previous year. Early dry conditions resulted in most growers planting on time, but heavy rains following planting resulted in stand problems in some fields. Cooler temperatures and moderate rainfall resulted in less disease activity later in the season. Phytophthora was a problem in many fields that received early season rains, and the most common seedling disease problems were caused by Phytophthora and Pythium. Foliar diseases observed were bacterial blight, bacterial pustule, brown spot, Cercospora blight, downy mildew, and frogeye leaf spot. Low incidence of bean pod mottle virus and soybean mosaic virus was detected in 2009, and tobacco ringspot virus was detected in one field. Sudden death syndrome, which was first found in Nebraska in 2009, appears to be spreading in the state. Brown stem rot was a problem in some fields in 2009. Over the last four years, soybean cyst nematode has been confirmed in 23 new Nebraska counties, indicating that this pathogen is spreading. Pod and stem blight, charcoal rot, and Sclerotinia stem rot caused isolated problems in 2009. Soybean pathology research projects ongoing in Nebraska include soybean fungicide efficacy trials and research on soybean cyst nematode.

Kentucky: Anthracnose, downy mildew, brown spot, sudden death syndrome, soybean rust (late season), pod and stem blight, frogeye leaf spot, soybean cyst nematode, seedling diseases (mostly caused by Pythium and Rhizoctonia), various virus diseases (mostly bean pod mottle and soybean mosaic) and Cercospora leaf blight/purple seed stain were detected in Kentucky in 2009. Ongoing research projects include: 1) study host factors that contribute primarily to soybean defense against Soybean mosaic virus and Phytophthora sojae; 2) fungicide efficacy testing; and 3) soybean cyst nematode management.

Iowa: The major soybean diseases in Iowa in 2009 were Sclerotinia stem rot, sudden death syndrome, and Cercospora blight. Ongoing soybean pathology research projects include: soybean cyst nematode x sudden death syndrome interactions; infection of the SDS pathogen; genome sequencing of the SDS pathogen; fungicide efficacy; and soybean rust forecasting.

Missouri: Missouri soybean production totaled 231 million bushels in 2009, up 21% from the 2008 crop. Farmers in Missouri harvested 5.3 million of the 5.35 million acres in the state, 5% more than last year. Missouri yields averaged 43.5 bu/A, up 5.5 bu/A from last year, but 1.5 bu/A below the record set in 2004. Wet conditions delayed planting by as much as 20 to 30 days in some areas of the state. The growing season was unusually cool and wet. Phytophthora root rot was evident both as a seedling blight disease and later in the season. Foliar diseases were neither widespread nor severe. Soybean cyst nematode continues to be a major problem throughout the state. Symptoms of sudden death syndrome were widespread, but was not as severe as expected. Cercospora blight was widespread in central and northern Missouri during September and October. Seed decay problems such as Phomopsis seed decay and purple seed stain were reported, but were not as widespread or severe as weather conditions might have suggested. Ongoing research projects include fungicide efficacy trials, sudden death syndrome regional trial, and soybean cyst nematode regional trial.

Ontario: Sudden death syndrome was prevalent, especially in southwestern Ontario. Sclerotinia stem rot and bacterial blight also were prevalent. Soybean cyst nematode continues to be a problem. Seedling / root rot diseases caused by Phytophthora, Fusarium, and Rhizoctonia also were observed. Soybean virus surveys detected soybean mosaic virus, alfalfa mosaic virus, and bean pod mottle virus.

Leonor Leandro (Iowa St. Univ.) and Chris Little (Kansas St. Univ.) provided an update on research conducted on sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean and its causal agents. The research update focused on SDS distribution and detection; causal agents of SDS; pathogen detection, pathogen diversity, toxin characterization, interactions with other pathogens; host resistance; resistance screening methods; and evaluation of management practices for control of SDS.

Anne Dorrance (Ohio St. Univ.) and Loren Giesler (Univ. Nebraska) led a discussion on the role of NCERA 212 in APS symposiums (i.e. soybean rust symposium, and potential new symposiums). The importance and future of the APS Soybean Rust Symposium was discussed. Questions about the necessity of continuing the Soybean Rust Symposium as a separate meeting and the possibility of creating a new Soybean Disease Symposium were raised. Discussion on potential timing of when to hold a new Soybean Disease Symposium, if created, followed. It was suggested that this type of symposium could potentially be held in conjunction with or just following the National Association of Crop Consultants Meeting.

Anne Dorrance (Ohio St. University) led a discussion on the Soybean Pathology White Paper. The paper needs to be updated. Ideas on updating the publication were discussed, and topics were assigned to individuals. The revised paper will be posted on the Plant Health Initiative website when completed.

Loren Giesler (Univ. Nebraska) presented an idea for a regional publication on root and stem rot diseases in which NCERA 212 members could collaborate in writing. A committee was formed to work on this publication, which included Loren Giesler, Anne Dorrance, Paul Esker, Kiersten Wise, Daren Mueller, Albert Tenuta, Alison Robertson, Loren Giesler, Doug Jardine, and Martin Chilvers.

Loren Giesler (Univ. Nebraska) reported on the workshop that was conducted for soybean breeder technicians just prior to the NCERA 212 meeting. Members of NCERA 212 and others participated in this workshop. An impact assessment was completed for this workshop by Loren. It was suggested that NCERA 212 consider conducting such a workshop every time NCERA 212 meets with the soybean breeders group.

Don Hershman (Univ. Kentucky) gave a presentation titled, Hindrances to effective SCN extension programming to the group. The presentation focused on problematic issues related to providing real SCN management solutions to soybean growers. A discussion followed.

The meeting was adjourned at 5:30 pm on February 24 and resumed in the morning of February 25 at 8:00 am.

Steve Slack (Ohio St. Univ.-administrative advisor) provided some information about multi-state activities and the different types of projects. The NCERA 212 project is approved through 2014. Steve also provided an update on the National Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) and upcoming research funding opportunities through NIFA. NIFA is the new structure for CSREES, and is built around four institutes: food production and sustainability; bionenergy, climate, and environment; food safety and nutrition; and youth, family, community. Global food security and hunger, climate change, sustainable energy, childhood obesity, and food safety are the science priority areas. The target date for release of the new NIFA RFAs is March 15, 2010. NIFA is looking to award around $800 million this year. Hatch and Smith Lever funds were proposed to stay at the same level as the previous fiscal year.

Anne Dorrance (Ohio St. Univ. / APS Council) reported on potential upcoming changes in the American Phytopathological Society (APS) governance. The proposed changes would drop the size of the APS Council to 12 members to become one strategic body.

Dean Malvick (Univ. Minnesota) provided an update on past and on-going research on brown stem rot of soybean.

Loren Giesler (Univ. Nebraska) and Carl Bradley (Univ. Illinois) provided an update on the North Central Soybean Research Program -funded project on soybean cyst nematode.

Paul Esker (Univ. Wisconsin) led a discussion on Sclerotinia stem rot. This included discussion on the biological control product Contans, resistance screening techniques and the importance of light, population and row spacing considerations, fungicide application timing, and potential prediction of Sclerotinia stem rot using forecasting models.

Paul Esker called the official business meeting to order:
" Nominations for the NCERA 212 representative to the Soybean Germ Plasm Committee were opened. Anne Dorrance (Ohio St. Univ.) nominated Jim Kurle (Univ. Minnesota). Doug Jardine (Kansas St. Univ.) seconded the motion. The nominations were closed, and Jim Kurle was unanimously elected as the Soybean Germ Plasm Committee representative from NCERA 212.
" Nominations for the NCERA 212 secretary for 2011 (chair for 2012) were opened. Leonor Leandro (Iowa St. Univ.) was nominated (self-nomination), and Anne Dorrance (Ohio St. Univ.) seconded the motion. The nominations were closed, and Leonor Leandro was unanimously elected as the secretary of NCERA 212 for 2011 and chair for 2012.
" It was suggested that NCERA 212 meet jointly with the Southern Soybean Disease Workers (SSDW) in 2011. The SSDW has met in Pensacola, FL during the second week of March for the last several years. Carl Bradley (Univ. Illinois) will bring the idea to the SSDW officers, to find out their interest in such a meeting.
" The group thanked Paul Esker for his efforts in organizing the meeting.
" The official business meeting was adjourned at 12:00 noon.

The afternoon meeting on February 25 was a joint session with the Corn Disease Working Group.

Loren Giesler (Univ. Nebraska) and Tamra Jackson (Univ. Nebraska) led a discussion on corn and soybean nematodes. This discussion focused on the challenges of managing these nematodes, renewed interest in corn nematodes, and new management tools available now and on the horizon.

Tom Mueller (Univ. Tennessee) presented information on his research focused on open and closed plot designs in corn. In his research, Tom found more consistent results with foliar fungicides in a closed design. A discussion followed.

Palle Pedersen (Syngenta Crop Protection) presented information on use of seed treatments in high yield soybean production systems. In addition, Palle provided an update on a new fungicide combination seed treatment product available on corn.

Paul Vincelli (Univ. Kentucky) presented information on the letter to EPA written by members of Land Grant Universities and the response by EPA. This letter was written in response to the EPA registering Headline fungicide for Plant Health. Paul provided a time-line of events that followed after the letter was sent to the EPA.

A group discussion on how industry groups and university groups can better work together was led by Paul Esker (Univ. Wisconsin) and Gary Schmitz (BASF Corporation). Potential ideas that emerged were fungicide resistance monitoring; forecasting for diseases; evaluation of hybrids or varieties for characteristics that can predict response to fungicides; and evaluation of fungicides on endophytes.

The meeting adjourned at 5:30 pm.

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

The objectives of NCERA 212 are to: 1. Foster collaborative research and information exchange on soybean diseases among scientists in the north central region including soybean breeders and entomologists that will lead to improved disease screening protocols, additional sources of disease resistance genes and ultimately, improved host plant resistance. Accomplishments for objective 1. The 2010 NCERA 212 meeting was held in conjunction with the Soybean Breeders Workshop and the Corn Disease Working Group. Meeting jointly with the other groups improved the exchange of information and ideas, which can help foster collaborative research projects. Members of NCERA 212 organized and participated in a soybean breeder technician workshop prior to the NCERA 212 meeting. This workshop provided information on disease screening protocols, which ultimately may result in the development of improved host plant resistance. Members of NCERA 212 participated in the planning of the 2009 APS Soybean Rust Symposium. This meeting allowed for the exchange of information across university scientists -industry personnel -and producers, which will ultimately help improve management of this disease. Discussion at the 2010 NCERA 212 meeting may lead to the planning of additional APS soybean disease meetings. 2. Evaluate the impacts of changing production practices such as earlier planting dates, new sources of host plant resistance, increased use of fungicide seed treatments and foliar fungicides, and other new or improved crop production technologies on soybean diseases. Accomplishments for objective 2. Members of NCERA 212 published a new collaborative research article focused on the evaluation of fungicide seed treatments on soybean cultivars with different levels and types of resistance to Phytophthora sojae. This multi-state research provided new information that can help improve management of Phytophthora root rot and soybean production. 3. Develop research projects to study the ecology and epidemiology of soybean diseases important in the north central region. Accomplishments for objective 3. NCERA 212 members are working collaboratively on on-going multi-state research projects focused on sudden death syndrome, soybean cyst nematode, soybean rust, frogeye leaf spot, and charcoal rot. A multi-state research/extension project focused on Sclerotinia stem rot is being developed by NCERA 212 members. 4. Improve knowledge transfer about soybean diseases and their management in the North Central Region to researchers, Extension faculty, producers and the agribusiness community through the use of web sites, podcasts and other new technologies as they are developed. Accomplishments for objective 4. Plans to revise the Soybean Disease White Paper were finalized at the 2010 NCERA 212 meeting. The revised white paper will be posted onto the Plant Health Initiative website (http://planthealth.info) so that it can be openly accessible. Members of NCERA 212 participated in developing new webcasts for the Focus on Soybean section of the Plant Management Network (www.plantmanagementnetwork.com). New or updated webcasts for 2009 developed by NCERA 212 members include, Brown stem rot of soybean and Soybean viruses. 5. Continue to monitor for any new or reemerging pathogens of soybean in the north central region and develop appropriate responses to their emergence as they occur. Accomplishments for objective 5. Working collaboratively with the NCERA 208 Soybean Rust Committee, members of NCERA 212 worked together to establish a network of soybean disease monitoring through the use of sentinel plots and mobile scouting in 2009. Data from the monitoring efforts were uploaded onto the IPM PIPE database.

Publications

Refereed Publications: Bradley, C. A., Allen, T. W., Dorrance, A. E., Dunphy, E. J., Giesler, L. J., Hershman, D. E., Hollier, C. A., Horn, V., and Wrather, J. A. 2009. Evaluation of the soybean rust pest information platform for extension and education (PIPE) public website's impact on certified crop advisers. Online. Plant Health Progress (In press). Bradley, C. A., Hines, R. A., Pataky, N. R., Haudenshield, J. S., and Hartman, G. L. 2009. First report of soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, on kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) in Illinois. Plant Disease (In press). Broders, K. D., Lipps, P. E., Ellis, M. L., and Dorrance, A. E. 2009. Pythium delawarii -a new species of Pythium isolated from soybean in Ohio. Mycologia 101:232-238. Broders, K. D., Wallhead, M. W., Austin, G. D., Lipps, P. E., Paul, P. A., Mullen, R. W., and Dorrance, A. E. 2009. Association of soil chemical and physical properties with Pythium species diversity, community composition, and disease incidence. Phytopathology 99:957-967. Calla, B., Voung, T., Radwin, O., Hartman, G. L., and Clough, S. J. 2009. Gene expression profiling soybean stem tissue early response to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and in silico mapping in relation to resistance markers. Plant Genome 2:149-166. Chakraborty, N., Curley, J., Frederick, R. D., Hyten, D. L., Nelson, R. L., Hartman, G. L., and Diers, B. W. 2009. Mapping and confirmation of a new allele at Rpp1 from soybean PI 504538A conferring RB lesion type resistance to soybean rust. Crop Science 49:783-790. Cruz, C. D. and Dorrance, A. E. 2009. Characterization and survival of Cercospora sojina in Ohio. Online. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2009-0512-03-RS. Cui, D., Zhang, Q., Li, M., Zhao, Y., and Hartman, G. L. 2009. Detection of soybean rust using a multispectral image sensor. Sens. & Instrumen. Food Qual. Saf. 3:49-56. Dorrance, A. E., Robertson, A. E., Cianzo, S., Giesler, L. J., Grau, C. R., Draper, M. A., Tenuta, A. U., and Anderson, T. R. 2009. Integrated management strategies for Phytophthora sojae combining host resistance and seed treatments. Plant Dis. 93:875-882. Fu, D-Q, Ghabrial, S., and Kachroo, A. 2009. GmRAR1 and GmSGT1 are required for basal, R gene-mediated and systemic acquired resistance in soybean. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interactions 22:86-95. Goradia, L., Hartman, G. L., and Daniel, S. L. 2009. Evaluation of glyphosate-resistant soybean cultivars for resistance to bacterial pustule. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 124:331-335. Hartman, G. L., and Haudenshield, J. S. 2009. Movement of Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soybean rust) urediniospores by non-conventional means. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 123:331-335. Helms, T. C., Nelson, B. D., and Goos, R. J. 2009. Registration of "Cavalier" soybean. J. Plant Registrations 3:19-21. Helms, T. C., Nelson, B. D., and Goos, R. J. 2009. Registration of "Ashtabula" soybean. J. Plant Registrations 3:253-255. Hill, C. B., Kim, K. S., Crull, L., Diers, B. W., and Hartman, G. L. 2009. Inheritance of resistance to the soybean aphid in soybean PI200538. Crop Sci. 49:1193-1200. Hughes, T. J., Atallah, Z. K., and Grau, C. R. 2009. Real-time PCR assays for the quantification of Phialophora gregata f. sp. sojae IGS genotypes A and B. Phytopathology 99:1008-1014. Hughes, T. J., Koval, N. C., Esker, P. D., and Grau, C. R. 2009. Influence of monocropping brown stem rot-resistant and susceptible soybean accessions on soil and stem populations of Phialophora gregata f. sp. sojae. Plant Dis. 93:1050-1058. Impullitti, A. E., Malvick, D. K., and Grau, C. R. 2009. Characterizing reaction of soybean to Phialophora gregata using pathogen population density and DNA quantity in stems. Plant Dis. 93:734-740. Li, S., Hartman, G. L., and Chen, Y. 2009. Evaluation of aggressiveness of Fusarium virguliforme isolates that cause sudden death syndrome. J. Plant Pathol. 91:77-86. Morales, M. J. Y., Martinez, M. A., Malvick, D. M., Kurle, J. E., Floyd, C. M., and Krupa, S. V. 2009. Soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) detected in the state of Campeche on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Plant Dis. 93:847. Mueller, T. A., Miles, M. R., Morel, W., Marios, J. J., Wright, D. L., Kemerait, R. C., Levy, C. and Hartman, G. L. 2009. Effect of fungicide and timing of application on soybean rust severity and yield. Plant Dis. 93:243-248. Nelson, B. D. and Domier, L. L. 2009. First report of Soybean mosaic virus in North Dakota. Plant Dis. 93:760. Paul, C. and Hartman, G. L. 2009. Sources of soybean rust resistance challenged with single-spored isolates of Phakopsora pachyrhizi collected from the USA. Crop Sci. 49:1781-1785. Peltier, A. J., Hatfield, R. D., and Grau, C. R. 2009. Soybean stem lignin concentration relates to resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Plant Dis. 93:149-154. Pham, T. A., Miles, M. R., Frederick, R. D., Hill, C. B., and Hartman, G. L. 2009. Differential responses of resistance soybean genotypes to ten isolates of Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Plant Dis. 93:224-228. Poromarto, S. H., and Nelson, B. D. 2009. Reproduction of soybean cyst nematode on dry bean cultivars adapted to North Dakota and northern Minnesota. Plant Dis. 93:507-511. Scherm, H., Christiano, R. X. C., Esker, P. D., Del Ponte, E. M., and Godoy, C. V. 2009. Quantitative review of fungicide efficacy trials for managing soybean rust in Brazil. Crop Prot. 28:774-782. Silva, A. P., Bolton, M. D., and Nelson, B. D. 2009. Transformation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with the green fluorescent protein and fluorescence of hyphae in four inoculated crops. Plant Pathol. 58:487-496. Tao, Z., Malvick, D., Claybrooke, R., Floyd, C., Bernacchi, C., Spiden, G., Kurle, J., Gay, D., Bowersox, V., and Krupa, S. 2009. Predicting the risk of soybean rust in Minnesota. Int. J. Biometeorol. 53:509-521. Twizeyimana, M., Ojiambo, P. S., Sonder, K., Ikotun, T., Hartman, G. L., and Bandyopadhyay, R. 2009. Pathogenic variation of Phakopsora pachyrhizi infecting soybean in Nigeria. Phytopathology 99:353-361. Willie, B. D., and Hartman, G. L. 2009. Two species of symbiotic bacteria present in the soybean aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Environmental Entomology 38:110-115. Abstracts, Book Chapters, Edited Scientific Reports, and Proceedings: Bienapfl, J. C., Percich, J. A., and Malvick, D. K. 2009. Identification and evaluation of Fusarium species associated with root diseases of soybean and corn in Minnesota. Phytopathology 99:S12. Bradley, C. A., Esker, P. D., Paul, P. A., Robertson, A. E., and Mueller, D. S. 2009. Corn and soybean disease management: does IPM play a role? Pages 24025 in: Proc. 6th Int. Pest Manage. Symp., Portland, OR. Bradley, C. A., Wood, A., Zhang, G., Murray, J. E., Phillips, D., and Ming, R. 2009. Genetic diversity of Cercospora sojina revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Proceedings of the 2009 North Central Division Meeting of the American Phytopathological Society, Ames, IA. Cruz, D. A. and Little, C. R. 2009. Influence of soils, nutrition, and water relations upon charcoal rot disease processes in Kansas. Phytopathology 99:S26. Dorrance, A. E., and Grunwald, N. J. 2009. Phytophthora sojae: Diversity among and within populations. In: Oomycete Genetics and Genomics: Biology Interactions with Plant and Animals and Toolbox. Editors: K. Lamour and S. Kamoun. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pp. 197-212. Esker, P. and Scherm, H. 2009. Effect of foliar fungicides used to control soybean rust. Phytopathology 99:S162. Giesler, L. J. 2009. Soybean disease update. Crop Protection Clinic Proceedings, pp. 129-132. University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension. Giesler, L. J., Bradley, C., Dorrance, A., Niblack, T., Tylka, G., Jardine, D., Malvick, D., Sweets, L., Markell, S., Osborne, L., Esker, P., Bird, G., Faghihi, J, and Tenuta, A. 2009. Improving management of soybean cyst nematode through extension demonstration and outreach. Proc. of the 2009 North Central American Phytopathological Society Meeting. Giesler, L. J. and Gustafson, T. C. 2009.Soybean seed treatment fungicide efficacy in Nebraska, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports 3:ST005. Giesler, L. J., and Gustafson, T. C. 2009. Foliar fungicide efficacy on brown spot in soybeans, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports 3:FC045. Giesler, L. J, Vidaver, A. K., Ziems, A. D., Jackson, T. A., and Hein, G. L. 2009. The doctor of plant health: a new interdisciplinary program for plant health practioiners. Phytopathology 99:S43. Hughes, T .J., Esker, P. D., and Conley, S. P. 2009. Phytophthora root rot-like lymptoms on soybeans containing Rps 1k in Wisconsin in 2008. Proc. North Central APS Meeting, Ames, IA. Hughes, T. J., Koval, N. C., Esker, P. D., and Grau, C. R. 2009. Soil and stem populations of Phialophora gregata f. sp. sojae following the monoculture of brown stem rot-resistant and susceptible soybean cultivars. Phytopathology 99:S56. Kolander, T., Malvick, D. M., and Kurle, J. E. 2009. Optimizing extraction of Fusarium virguliforme DNA from crop residue and conidia. Proc. 2009 North Central APS Meeting, Ames, IA. Long, J. H., Jardine, D., and DeWolf, E. 2009. Foliar fungicide application on full-season and double-crop soybean. KAES Report of Progress, No. 1013, p. 48-49. Malvick, D., Impullitti, A., and Floyd, C. 2009. Brown stem rot caused by types A and B of Phialophora gregata reduces yield and growth of soybean. Phytopathology 99:S78. Mattupalli, C., and Esker, P. D. 2009. Effect of co-inoculation of Fusarium virguliforme and Phialophora gregata on soybean. Proc. North Central APS Meeting, Ames, IA. Meyer, P. W., Clancey, M., Brose, I. E., and Kurle, J. E. 2009. First report of Fusarium root rot in soybean caused by Fusarium tricinctum in Minnesota. Proc. 2009 North Central APS Meeting, Ames, IA. Poromarto, S., and Nelson, B. D. 2009. Crop hosts of soybean cyst nematode in the northern Great Plains. Phytopathology 99:S103-104. Weems, J. D., Zhang, G., Ames, K. A., Bond, J. P., and Bradley, C. A. 2009. Field and greenhouse evaluation of fungicide seed treatment control of sudden death syndrome of soybean. Proceedings of the 2009 North Central Division Meeting of the American Phytopathological Society, Ames, IA. Wise, K. A. and Buechley, G. 2009. Efficacy of foliar fungicides on soybean diseases in central and southeastern Indiana, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports 3:FC091. Extension Publications and Articles, Popular Press Articles: Bradley, C. A. 2009. Considerations for using fungicide seed treatments on soybean. University of Illinois Pest Management and Crop Development Bulletin, Issue No. 3. Bradley, C. A. 2009. Soybean rust update. University of Illinois Pest Management and Crop Development Bulletin, Issue No. 13. Bradley, C. A. 2009. Conditions favorable for Phytophthora root and stem rot on soybean. University of Illinois Pest Management and Crop Development Bulletin, Issue No. 14. Bradley, C. A. 2009. Conditions favorable for Sclerotinia stem rot (white mold) on soybean. University of Illinois Pest Management and Crop Development Bulletin, Issue No. 18. Bradley, C. A. 2009. Soybean disease update. University of Illinois Pest Management and Crop Development Bulletin, Issue No. 21. Bradley, C. A. 2009. Soybean rust confirmed in thirteen Illinois counties so far in 2009. University of Illinois Pest Management and Crop Development Bulletin, Issue No. 23. Bradley, C. A. 2009. Soybean white mold fungicide trial results from the Northern Illinois Agronomy Research Center. University of Illinois Pest Management and Crop Development Bulletin, Issue No. 25. Bradley, C. A., Bond, J. P., and Bellm, R. C. 2009. Foliar fungicides for soybean: playing the odds. Outreach publication produced by the Illinois Soybean Association. Conley, S. P. Martinka, M. J., Gaska, J. M., Esker, P., and Koval, N. C. 2009. Wisconsin Soybean Variety Test Results. A3654. Esker, P. 2009. Conditions favorable for Sclerotinia stem rot development. Wisconsin Crop Manager 16(24):102. Esker, P. 2009. Conditions favorable for Sclerotinia stem rot. WCPA Industry News Quarterly, Fall 2009, Vol. 6, Issue 4, Page 30. Esker, P., and Conley, S. 2009. Considerations for spraying foliar fungicides in soybean. Wisconsin Crop manager 16(21):84-86. Esker, P., and Conley, S. 2009. Early season assessments for soybean stress. Wisconsin Crop Manager 16(13):59-60. Esker, P., and Conley, S. 2009. Sampling and managing soybean cyst nematode -it's relevant. Wisconsin Crop Manager 16(10):35-36. Esker, P., and Conley, S. 2009. Sclerotinia stem rot and soybean in Wisconsin. Wisconsin Soy Sentinel, Fall 2009, Vol. 6, Issue 2, Pages 12-13. Giesler, L., Bradley, C., Dorrance, A., Niblack, T., Tylka, G., Jardine, D., Malvick, D., Sweets, L., Markell, S., Osborne, L., Esker, P., Bird, G., Faghjihi, J., Tenuta, A., and Welacky, T. 2009. Soybean cyst nematode management: understanding how management actions influence nematode populations. Outreach publication produced for the North Central Soybean Research Program. Giesler, L. J., and Wilson, J. A. 2009. Soybean cyst nematode: identification and management. G1383. University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension. Hughes, T. and Esker, P. 2009. Visual Quick Guide -Common soybean diseases in Wisconsin. A3879-01. Hughes, T., Esker, P., and Conley, S. 2009. Taking advantage of a stressful situation: stem canker and charcoal rot in soybeans. Wisconsin Crop Manager 16(2):9-11. Hughes, T., Esker, P., and Conley, S. 2009. Did the Rps 1k gene fail in Wisconsin in 2008? Wisconsin Soy Sentinel, Spring 2009, Vol. 6, Issue 1, Pages 12-13. Wise, K. 2009. Field crop diseases recap for 2008 and forecast for 2009. Purdue Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue 1. Wise, K. 2009. Soybean rust forecast for 2009. Purdue Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue 4. Wise, K. 2009. Soybean rust update. Purdue Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue 4. Wise, K. 2009. Soybean rust update. Purdue Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue 21. Wise, K. 2009. Sudden death syndrome in soybean. Purdue Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue 20. Wise, K. 2009. White mold reported in Indiana. Purdue Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue 21.

Impact Statements

The NCERA 212 Soybean Disease Committee fostered collaborative research and information exchange by meeting jointly with the Soybean Breeders Group and the Corn Disease Working Group. A soybean breeders technician workshop organized by members of NCERA 212 provided the latest information on soybean diseases and screening for host resistance. This workshop will help allow for more uniform disease screening procedures used across soybean breeding programs, which may ultimately result into improved host resistance.
A multi-state collaborative research project was completed that was focused on Phytophthora root rot. New information resulting from that research was published in the peer-reviewed journal Plant Disease in 2009. This information that focused on integrating management strategies for control of Phytophthora root rot will be used to better manage Phytophthora root rot and improve soybean production.
Members of NCERA 212 are actively collaborating in research projects focused on sudden death syndrome, soybean cyst nematode, soybean rust, frogeye leaf spot, and charcoal rot. These multi-state collaborative projects will ultimately improve the knowledge base of the soybean pathogens and diseases, which will result into improved disease management and soybean production.
Members of NCERA 212 are actively working to revise the Soybean Disease White Paper. In addition, members of NCERA 212 participated in developing and updating new webcasts for the Focus on Soybean section of the Plant Management Network. These outreach activities help direct attention to the importance of soybean diseases and ultimately help producers better manage soybean diseases.

Date of Annual Report: 04/01/2011

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 03/09/2011 - 03/10/2011
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2009 - 10/01/2010

Participants

Administrative Advisor:
Dr. Steven Slack
OARDC
The Ohio State University
1680 Madison Ave.
Wooster, OH 44691

Chair:
Dr. Carl Bradley
Department of Crop Sciences
University of Illinois
1102 S. Goodwin Ave.
Urbana, IL 61801

Secretary:
Dr. Leonor Leandro
Department of Plant Pathology
Iowa State University
351 Bessey Hall
Ames, IA 50010

Members and guests in attendance:
Carl Bradley (Univ. Illinois), Leonor Leandro (Iowa State Univ.), Paul Esker (Univ. Wisconsin), Doug Jardine (Kansas State Univ.), Anne Dorrance (Ohio State Univ.), Kiersten Wise (Purdue Univ.), Daren Mueller (Iowa State Univ.), Steven Slack (Ohio State Univ.), Berlin Nelson (North Dakota State Univ.), X. B. Yang (Iowa State Univ.), Don Hershman (Univ. Kentucky), Glen Hartman (USDA-ARS, Urbana, IL), Dean Malvick (Univ. Minnesota), Martin Chilvers (Michigan State Univ.), Loren Giesler (Univ. Nebraska), Albert Tenuta (Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs), David Wright (Iowa Soybean Association/North Central Soybean Research Program), Laura Sweets (Univ. Missouri), Tom Allen (Mississippi State Univ.), Ed Sikora (Auburn Univ.), Tom Chase (South Dakota Univ.), Boyd Padgett (Louisiana State Univ.), Lijuan Xing (Syngenta Seeds), Richard Joost (United Soybean Board/SmithBucklin), Jason Bond (Southern Illinois Univ.), and Clayton Hollier (Louisiana State Univ.).

Brief Summary of Minutes

The meeting of the NCERA 212: Soybean Diseases Committee was held at the Hilton Pensacola Beach Gulf Front Hotel, March 9, 2011. The meeting was held in conjunction with the Southern Soybean Disease Workers (SSDW) meeting.

The meeting was called to order at 7:45 am by Chair, Carl Bradley (Univ. Illinois). The meeting began with introductions of everyone in attendance.

Steve Slack called in at 7:45 am and provided information about the Federal budget. FY2011 should have started in October 2010 but has not yet been approved. There are current discussions in the House and Senate about the FY2011 and FY2012 budgets. The potential outcomes are unknown. There could be a continuing budget or reconciliation of budgets. Because of the large change in Congress last November, negotiations are ongoing for determine the budget value. The new House is focused on going back to 2008 levels of funding, which represents a significant difference in base funding that supports hatch and Smith-Lever extension lines. Steve stated that he continued to be very pleased with the activity of the NCERA 212 program. Every state that has a history in the committee continues to be represented. It is important that we continue to have interaction with the SSDW and other groups. We should keep developing the annual reports and spend time reporting on the impact of the committee. The annual report needs to be submitted by 1st week of April. Anne Dorrance asked what kinds of numbers would work best for the impact statement of the committee. Steve responded that we should give an idea of the numbers of acres of soybeans and the impact of the group on those acres.

Anne Dorrance suggested making state reports voluntary during our meeting so that we could spend time discussing the budget and other topics. Leonor Leandro agreed to send a PDF file with all reports by email to the group.

Brief oral reports were given on the crop and disease situation in each state. In addition to the oral reports, some states also provided a written report. Brief summaries of these oral and written state reports are provided below. Complete reports for each state can be found in the PDF attachment.

Carl Bradley called the official business meeting to order:
" Carl Bradley motioned to accept the minutes from 2010. It was seconded by Glen Hartman, and approved by all.
" Nominations for the NCERA 212 secretary for 2012 (chair for 2013) were opened. Tom Allen nominated Kiersten Wise, Anne Dorrance seconded the motion. The nominations were closed, and Kiersten Wise was unanimously elected as the secretary of NCERA 212 for 2012 and chair for 2013.
" Carl Bradley motioned to close nominations, it was seconded by Loren Giesler, and approved unanimously.
" Plans for the 2011 meeting were discussed. Glen Hartman and Carl Bradley suggested meeting with the SSDW group again. Berlin Nelson thought it was important to set aside a full day for NCERA meeting to discuss research projects and other topics of interest. Loren Giesler agreed.
" Carl motioned to meet with the SSDW with a full day to meet as the NCERA 212, it was seconded by Doug Jardine, and approved unanimously.

Other meeting opportunities were discussed.
" Tom Chase proposed to host an online conference to allow communication between group members during the growing season. The goal is to notify the group of disease onset and progress in each state. The conference will be hosted by SDSU.
" Dean Malvick discussed the possibility of meeting in the last week of August in Wisconsin with the soybean group that usually met to discuss Phytophthora and Sclerotinia diseases. An internet connection option was discussed for those who cannot attend the meeting.
" Berlin Nelson suggested the organization of a mini-symposium offered by the NCERA 212 in the 2013 joint meeting with the soybean breeders. This will require communication between the breeders meeting organizer and the chair of NCERA 212. Symposium topics discussed included fungicide resistance (Anne Dorrance) and the effects of roundup on diseases (Daren Mueller).

Glen Hartman reported on the progress with the preparation of the new edition of the soybean disease compendium and requested submission of good disease images. An online version of the compendium will be available.

Berlin Nelson reported on an emerging issue from APS. The industry relations committee has requested training for their employees because they are hiring agriculture majors that have no field experience. These industry employees need certifications in plant pathology. APS would like to tap into the current education programs. Kiersten Wise said that Purdue University already offers this type of training. Loren Giesler said that the University of Nebraska has a Doctor of Plant Health degree. Companies need broadly trained plant pathologists and we are not producing them.

Kiersten Wise provided background information about the claims of disease increases and health concerns due to glyphosate applications. To date there is no scientific data to support the claims. The group showed concern that claims are being disseminated via public press, instead of research data being published in scientific journals. Scientific data is needed before any conclusions are made about the possible effects of glyphosate. Kiersten Wise and Anne Dorrance both wrote online articles to clarify the facts on the topic. Anne Dorrance commented that one major restriction to research is the lack of free access to soybean isolines. Anne suggested writing a letter to Monsanto to explain that their restrictions on using plant material for research are preventing hypothesis testing on the topic. The group thanked Kiersten and Anne for writing scientific articles to help answer grower questions. David Wright stated that the article answered many questions from the soybean board members. Growers were starting to change practices in response to non-scientifically validated claims.

Anne Dorrance (Ohio St. University) led a discussion on the preparation of impact statements for the NCERA 212. The group agreed to work together on a list of accomplishments to include in the annual report.

Carl Bradley called the meeting to adjourn:
" The group thanked David Wright for the NCSRP funding that covered the costs of the meeting.
" The group motioned to recognize Tom Allen for local arrangements of the meeting.
" The group thanked Carl Bradley for his efforts in organizing the meeting.
" The meeting was adjourned at 11:20 am on March 9, 2011.
" The NCERA 212 met jointly with SSDW in the afternoon of March 9 and for a full day on March 10, 2011.

NCERA 212 Impact Statement:
Soybean production continues to play a prominent role in US agriculture. It is the number one crop in terms of harvested acres in several North Central states and second only to corn in value of production. The 2010 cash market value of soybeans increased 32 percent from 29.5 billion to 38.9 billion dollars. With rising production value, new markets for green energy, and soybean oil replacing crude oil in industrial processes, there is a greater demand to improve yield and quality. Soybean yields have remained steady since 2002, with average yields of 43.3 and 43.5 bu/A reported for 2009 and 2010, respectively (USDA Crop Production Report, Feb 2011). The frequency and spread of soybean diseases has played a role in these stagnant yields in several production areas within the North Central region.

Our mission
The NCERA 212 Committee monitors the development of soybean diseases and directs science-based information to breeders and agricultural companies across the US. The committee has a system of rapid exchange of information about current and emerging pathogen issues that helps mitigate yield losses and assists growers and companies in cost savings.

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

1. Foster collaborative research and information exchange on soybean diseases among scientists in the north central region including soybean breeders and entomologists that will lead to improved disease screening protocols, additional sources of disease resistance genes and ultimately, improved host plant resistance. Accomplishments for objective 1: a) The 2011 NCERA 212 meeting was held in conjunction with the Southern Soybean Disease Workers (SSDW). Meeting jointly with the southern soybean scientists improved the exchange of information and ideas, which helped foster collaborative research projects. b) Members of NCERA 212 participated in the planning of the 2012 joint meeting with the SSDW and (possibly) the nematology committee. This meeting will allow the exchange of information across university scientists, industry personnel, and producers, which will ultimately help improve management of diseases. c) Members of the NCERA 212 agreed to collaborate in an online conference to allow communication between group members during the growing season. d) Discussion at the 2011 NCERA 212 meeting may lead to the planning of additional soybean disease meetings. 2. Evaluate the impacts of changing production practices such as earlier planting dates, new sources of host plant resistance, increased use of fungicide seed treatments and foliar fungicides, and other new or improved crop production technologies on soybean diseases. Accomplishments for objective 2 a) Members of the NCERA 212 are working collaboratively to evaluate the effectiveness of seed treatments and fungicide applications against soybean pathogens. b) Discussions were initiated to develop a soybean fungicide publication in collaboration with SSDW and NCERA 208 (soybean rust working group). This will be led by Daren Mueller (Iowa State), Kiersten Wise (Purdue) and Nick Dufault (Florida). This publication will replace the national Soybean Rust Compendium. c) Carl Bradley (Illinois) summarized his work with members of SSDW group to identify baseline sensitivities of soybean pathogens to fungicides. This is to establish a fungicide resistance screen for pathogens such as Cercospora sojina. In 2010, fungicide resistance was identified in strains of Cercospora sojina in Tennessee, Kentucky and southern Illinois. Discussion on the implications of these finds and future research were beneficial for both NCERA 212 and SSDW members. d) Leonor Leandro led a discussion on how Iowa experienced the perfect storm in 2010 for sudden death syndrome. Discussion included how early planting followed by cool temperatures and mid-season rainfall (second highest in last 125+ years) led to unprecedented levels of SDS. e) Dean Malvick summarized a study on Fusarium pathogens in Minnesota. 3. Develop research projects to study the ecology and epidemiology of soybean diseases important in the north central region. Accomplishments for objective 3 a) NCERA 212 members are working collaboratively on on-going multi-state research projects focused on sudden death syndrome, soybean cyst nematode, soybean rust, frogeye leaf spot, and charcoal rot. b) A multi-state research/extension project focused on root rot pathogens is being developed by NCERA 212 members. 4. Improve knowledge transfer about soybean diseases and their management in the North Central Region to researchers, Extension faculty, producers and the agribusiness community through the use of web sites, podcasts and other new technologies as they are developed. Accomplishments for objective 4 a) Members of the NCERA 212 completed revisions of the Soybean Disease White Paper. The revised white paper will be posted onto the Plant Health Initiative website (http://planthealth.info) so that it can be openly accessible. b) Members of NCERA 212 participated in developing new webcasts for the Focus on Soybean section of the Plant Management Network (www.plantmanagementnetwork.com). New or updated webcasts for 2010 developed by NCERA 212 members include: - Soybean Cyst Nematode Varieties - Terry Niblack, University of Illinois, September 2010 - Bean Pod Mottle Virus - John Hill, Iowa State University, August 2010 - Impacts of Subsurface Drainage in Corn-Soybean Rotations - Matt Helmers, Iowa State University, August 2010 - Benefits and Utility of Bedding Systems for Improved Productivity and Profitability of Soybean Production in the Mid-South U.S. - Trey Koger, Mississippi State University, August 2010 - Soybean Aphid Scouting - Kelley Tilmon, South Dakota State University, July 2010 - Soybean Growth Stages - Trey Koger, Mississippi State University, June 2010 - Soybean White Mold (Sclerotinia Stem Rot) - Paul Esker, University of Wisconsin-Madison, May 2010 - Bean Leaf Beetle in Soybean - Erin Hodgson, Iowa State University, March 2010 - Double Cropped Soybeans in the South - David L. Wright, University of Florida, March 2010 - Glyphosate Stewardship for Soybeans - Chris Boerboom, University of Wisconsin-Madison, February 2010 - Principles of Nematode Management in the Southern U.S. - John Mueller, et al; Clemson University, North Carolina State University, and University of Arkansas; January 2010 - How to Maximize Soybean Yield - Palle Pedersen, Iowa State University, January 2010 - Benefits and Utility of Bedding Systems for Improved Productivity and Profitability of Soybean Production in the Mid-South U.S. - Trey Koger, Mississippi State University, November 2009 5. Continue to monitor for any new or reemerging pathogens of soybean in the north central region and develop appropriate responses to their emergence as they occur. Accomplishments for objective 5 a) Members of NCERA 212 worked together to evaluate the soybean rust pest information platform for extension and education (PIPE) public websites impact on certified crop advisers. b) Regional surveys of the presence and distribution of important diseases of soybean were concluded, and new surveys were started. c) Monitoring for fungicide-resistant C. sojina isolates will be an emphasis for the NCERA 212 group in 2011.

Publications

Refereed Publications: 1. Bienapfl, J. C., Malvick, D. K., and Percich, J. A. 2010. First report of Fusarium redolens causing root rot of soybean in Minnesota. Plant Disease 94:1069. 2. Bradley, C. A., Allen, T. W., Dorrance, A. E., Dunphy, E. J., Giesler, L. J., Hershman, D. E., Hollier, C. A., Horn, V., and Wrather, J. A. 2010. Evaluation of the soybean rust pest information platform for extension and education (PIPE) public websites impact on certified crop advisers. Online. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2010-0701-RS. 3. Bradley, C. A., Hines, R. A., Pataky, N. R., Haudenshield, J. S., and Hartman, G. L. 2010. First report of soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi on kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) in Illinois. Plant Disease 94:477. 4. Buck, J. W., Dong, W., Mueller, D. S. 2010. Effect of light exposure on in vitro germination and germ tube growth of eight species of rust fungi. Mycologia. 102:11341140. 5. Byamukama, E., Robertson, A. R., and Nutter, F. W. Jr. 2010. Quantification of temporal and spatial dynamics of Bean pod mottle virus at different spatial scales. Online. Plant Health Progress doi:10.109.1094/PHP-2010-05XX-01-SY. 6. Chilvers, M. I. and Brown-Rytlewski, D. E. 2010. First report and confirmed distribution of soybean sudden death syndrome caused by Fusarium virguliforme in southern Michigan. Plant Disease 94:1164. 7. Cruz, C., Mills, D., Paul, P. A., and Dorrance, A. E. 2010. Impact of brown spot caused by Septoria glycines on soybean in Ohio. Plant Disease 94:820-826. 8. Cui, D., Zhang, Q., Li, M., G.L. Hartman, and Y. Zhao. 2010. Image processing methods for quantitatively detecting soybean rust from multispectral images. Biosystems Engineering 107:186-193. 9. Dorrance, A.E., Cruz, C., Mills, D., Bender, R., Koenig, M., LaBarge, G., Leeds, R., Mangione, D., McCluer, G., Ruhl, S., Siegrist, H., Sundermeier, A., Sonnenberg, D., Yost, J., Watters, H., Wilson, G., and Hammond, R.B. 2010. Effect of foliar fungicide and insecticide applications on soybean in Ohio. Online. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2010-0122-01-RS. 10. Hill, C.B., L. Crull, T. Herman, D.J. Voegtlin, and G.L. Hartman. 2010. A new soybean aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) biotype identified. Journal of Economic Entomology 103:509-515. 11. Hobbs, H.A., T.K. Herman, T.L. Slaminko, Y. Wang, B.T. Nguyen, N.K. McCoppin, L.L. Domier, and G.L. Hartman. 2010. Occurrences of soybean viruses, fungal diseases, and pests in Ilinois soybean rust sentinel plots. Plant Health Progress Online:doi:10.1094/PHP-2010-0827-01-BR. 12. Hughes, T. J., and C. R. Grau. 2010. Influence of soybean monoculture on Phialophora gregata f. sp. sojae IGS-genotype B isolate aggressiveness. Plant Disease 94: 69-74. 13. Kim, K.S., C.B. Hill, G.L. Hartman, D.L. Hyten, M.E. Hudson, and B.W. Diers. 2010. Fine mapping the soybean aphid resistance gene Rag2 in soybean PI 200538. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 121:599-610. 14. Kim, K.S., S. Bellendir, K.A. Hudson, C.B. Hill, G.L. Hartman, D.L. Hyten, M.E. Hudson, and B.W. Diers. 2010. Fine mapping the soybean aphid resistance gene Rag1 in soybean. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 120:1063-1071. 15. Kirk, W.W., R. Schafer and P. Tumbalam. 2010. Evaluation of fungicides for control of foliar diseases in soybean, DeWitt, MI, 2009. PDMR (in press). 16. Li, S., G.L. Hartman, and D.L. Boykin. 2010. Aggressiveness of Phomopsis longicolla and other Phomopsis spp. on soybean. Plant Disease 94:1035-1040. 17. Li, X., Esker, P., Pan, Z., Dias, A. P., and Yang, X. B. 2010. Uniqueness of soybean rust pathosystem: improved understanding of the risk in different regions of the world. Plant Disease 84: 796-806. 18. Lygin, A.V., C.B. Hill, O.V. Zernova, L. Crull, J.M. Widholm, G.L. Hartman, and V.V. Lozovaya. 2010. Response of soybean pathogens to glyceollin. Phytopathology 100:897-903. 19. Lu, X., Byamukama, E., Robertson, A., and Nutter, F. W., Jr. 2010. Prevalence, incidence and spatial dependence of Soybean mosaic virus in Iowa. Phytopathology 100:931-940. 20. Lu, X., Robertson, A. E., and Nutter, F. W., Jr. 2010. Evaluating the importance of stem canker of soybean in Iowa. Plant Dis. 94:167-173. 21. Ma, J., C.B. Hill, and G.L. Hartman. 2010. Production of Macrophomina phaseolina conidia by multiple soybean isolates in culture. Plant Disease 94:1088-1092. 22. Ngugi, N. K., P. D. Esker, and H. Scherm. 2010. Meta-analysis to determine the effect of plant disease management measures: Review and case studies on soybean and apple. Phytopathology 101: 31-41. 23. Paul, C., C.R. Bowen, R. Bandyopadhyay, H. Tefera, R. Adeleke, E. Sikora, M.D. Pegues, and G.L. Hartman. 2010. Registration of three soybean germplasm lines resistant to Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soybean rust). Journal of Plant Registrations 4:244-248. 24. Pedersen, P., G.L. Tylka, A.P. Mallarino, A.E. MacGuidwin, N.C. Koval, and C.R. Grau. 2010. Correlation between soil pH, Heterodera glycines population densities, and soybean yield. Crop Science 50:14581464, doi: 10.2135/cropsci2009.08.0432. 25. Pham, T.A., C.B. Hill, M.R. Miles, B.T. Nguyen, T.T. Vu, T.D. Vuong, T.T. VanToai, H.T. Nguyen, and G.L. Hartman. 2010. Evaluation of soybean for resistance to soybean rust in Vietnam. Field Crop Research 117:131-138. 26. Poromarto, S. H., Nelson, B.D., and Goswami, R. 2010. Effect of soybean cyst nematode on growth of dry bean in the field. Plant Dis. 94:1299-1304. 27. Poromarto, S. H., and Nelson, B. D. 2010. Evaluation of northern-grown crops as hosts of soybean cyst nematode. Online. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2010-0315-02-RS. 28. Redinbaugh, M.G., Molineros, J.E., Vacha, J., Berry, S.A., Hammond, R.B., Madden, L.V., and Dorrance, A.E. 2010. Bean pod mottle virus spread in insect-feeding-resistant soybean. Plant Dis. 94: 265-270. 29. Rotundo, J.L., G.L. Tylka, and P. Pedersen. 2010. Source of resistance affects soybean yield, yield components, and biomass accumulation in Heterodera glycines-infested fields. Crop Science 50:25652574. 30. Selote D, Kachroo A (2010) Structurally conserved RIN4-like proteins mediate pathogen effector perception in diverse plants. Plant Signaling and Behavior 5:1453-1456 31. Selote D, Kachroo A (2010) RPG1-B derived resistance to AvrB expressing Pseudomonas syringae requires RIN4-like proteins in soybean. Plant Physiology 153:1199-1211 32. Slaminko, T.L., C.R. Bowen, and G.L. Hartman. 2010. Multi-year evaluation of commercial soybean cultivars for resistance to Phytophthora sojae. Plant Disease 94: 368-371. 33. Soria-Guerra, R., S. Rosales-Mendoza, S. Chang, J.S. Haudenshield, D. Zheng, S.R. Suryadevara, G.L. Hartman, S.A. Ghabrial, and S.S. Korban. 2010a. Identifying differentially expressed genes in leaves of Glycine tomentella by suppression subtractive hybridization. Planta 232:1181-1189. 34. Soria-Guerra, R., S. Rosales-Mendoza, S. Chang, J.S. Haudenshield, A. Padmanaban, S. Rodriguez-Zas, G.L. Hartman, S.A. Ghabrial, and S.S. Korban. 2010b. Transcriptome analysis of resistant and susceptible genotypes of Glycine tomentella during Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection reveals novel rust resistance genes. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 120:1315-1333. 35. Soto-Arias, J.P., and Munkvold, G.P. 2010. Impacts of foliar fungicides on infection of soybean by Phomopsis spp. in Iowa. Crop Protection. 30:577-580; DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2010.11.018. 36. Tang, E., C.B. Hill, and G.L. Hartman. 2010. Carbon utilization profiles of Fusarium virguliforme isolates. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 56:979-986. 37. Tucker, D.M., Saghai Maroof, M.A., Mideros, S., Skoneczka, J.A., Nabati, D.A., Buss, G.R., Hoeschele, I., Tyler, B.M., St. Martin, S.K., and Dorrance, A.E. 2010. Mapping quantitative trait loci for partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae in a soybean interspecific cross. Crop Sci. 50: 628-635. 38. Twizeyimana, M., and G.L. Hartman. 2010. Culturing Phakopsora pachyrhizi on detached leaves and urediniospore survival at different temperatures and relative humidities. Plant Disease 94:1453-1460. 39. Wang, H., Waller, L., Tripathy, S., St. Martin, S.K., Zhou, L., Krampis, K., Tucker, D.M., Mao, Y., Hoeschele, I., Saghai Maroof, M.A., Tyler, B.M., and Dorrance, A.E. 2010. Analysis of genes underlying soybean quantitative trait loci conferring partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae. The Plant Genome 3: 23-40. Doi: 10.2835/plantgenome2009.12.0029. 40. Zelaya-Molina, L.X., Ellis, M.L., Berry, S.A., and Dorrance, A.E. 2010. First report of Phytophthora sansomeana causing wilting and stunting on corn in Ohio. Plant Dis. 94: 125. 41. Zelaya-Molina L.X., Ortega, M.A., and Dorrance, A.E. 2010. Easy and efficient protocol for oomycete DNA extraction suitable for population genetic analysis. Biotechnol Lett. 2010 Nov 24. PMID 21107649. 42. Zheng, Y., Duan, Y., Chen, S., Sun, J. and Chen, L. 2010. Responses of soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines to macroelement and microelement compounds. Bulgarian J. Agric. Sci. 16:172-180. Abstracts, Book Chapters, Edited Scientific Reports, and Proceedings: 1. Aldrich-Wolfe, L., Travers, S. E. and Nelson, B. D. 2010. Genetic variation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on four corps from the north central United States. Phytopathology 100: S4. 2. Bestor, N.R., Mueller, D. S., Robertson, A. E. 2010. Management of anthracnose stem blight of soybean with foliar fungicides. North Central APS Abstract. 3. Bienapfl, J.C., Percich, J.A., Malvick, D.K. 2010. Identification and characterization of fungal communities associated with soybean roots in Minnesota. (Abstr.). Phytopathology 100:S14. Presented at the National APS Meeting in Charlotte, NC 2010. 4. Floyd, C.M. and Malvick. D.K. 2010. Widespread latent and pathogenic infection of soybean by the Phomopsis disease complex in Minnesota. Presented at the North Central APS Meeting, Rapid City, SD. 5. Kurle, J. E., Malvick, J.K., Floyd, C.M. and Anderson, G.M. 2010. Five years of monitoring foliar diseases of soybean in Minnesota. (Abstr.). Phytopathology 100:S66. Presented at the National APS Meeting in Charlotte, NC 2010. 6. Luckew, A., Leandro, L, and S. Cianzio. 2010. A Method to Increase Precision In Screening to Identify Differences In Resistance to Sudden Death Syndrome of Soybeans From Resistant by Resistant Crosses. ASA 90-1. American Society of Agronomy Meeting, Oct 2010. 7. Mattupalli, C., and P. D. Esker. 2010. Interactions between Fusarium virguliforme and Phialophora gregata in soybean using greenhouse studies. Phytopathology 100:S79. 8. Mbofung, G., Vincent, M., Fessehaie, A., Bhattacharyya, M. and L. Leandro. 2010. Quantifying Fusarium virguliforme in soil using SYBR green and Taqman assays. Phytopathology 100:S80 9. Poromarto, S. H., and Nelson, B. D. 2010. Lack of adaptation toward greater reproduction of soybean cyst nematode on dry bean. Phytopathology 100:S102 10. Poromarto, S. H., and Nelson, B. D. 2010. Effects of soybean cyst nematode on growth of kidney and navy bean. Phytopathology 100:S102 11. Qi, M., Wang, D., Bradley, C. A., and Zhao, Y. 2010. Genome sequence and comparative genomics of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycinea. Phytopathology 100:S104. 12. Rudolph, K., Bolton, M. D., and Nelson, B. D. 2010. Soybean cyst nematode infects roots of sugar beet. Phytopathology 100:S111 13. Zhang, G., Phillips, D. V., and Bradley, C. A. 2010. Baseline sensitivity of Cercospora sojina to azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, and pyraclostrobin. Phytopathology 100:S145. Extension Publications and Articles, Popular Press Articles: 1. Amiri, A., C. R. Grau, N. C. Koval, and P. D. Esker. 2010. Understanding the epidemiology of Cercospora kikuchii on soybean using foliar fungicides. North Central Division Meeting of the American Phytopathological Society, Rapid City, SD. 2. Asian soybean rust, National commentary for 2010 on the IPM-PIPE website. Rotating every second month with Glen Hartman. 3. Chilvers, M. 2010. Soybean northern stem canker. CAT alert. September, 23, 2010. 4. Chilvers, M. 2010 Testing for soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS). CAT alert. September, 23, 2010. From September 23rd - December 1, 2010, there were 118 page views. 5. Chilvers, M. 2010. Soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS) Fusarium virguliforme. CAT alert. July, 29, 2010. From July 29 - December 1, 2010, there were 441 page views. 6. Chilvers, M. 2010. Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean, identification, factors and management. CAT alert. July, 21, 2010. From July 21 - December 1, 2010, there were 416 page views. 7. Chilvers, M. and Byrne, J. 2010. Soybean and corn seed rot, seedling blight and damping off. CAT alert. May, 27, 2010. 8. Conley, S. P., M. J. Martinka, J. M. Gaska, P. Esker, and N. C. Koval. 2010. 2010 Wisconsin soybean variety test results. Wisconsin Crop Manager 17(30): 143. 9. Esker, P., and A. Peltier. 2010. White mold management in soybean. 2010 Indiana CCA Conference, Indianapolis, IN. 10. Esker. 2010. Plant Management Network Focus on Soybean: Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Soybean (http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/): 11. Esker, P., A. MacGuidwin, and R. Proost. 2010. Nematodes: The overlooked yield robbers in corn and soybean. Publication available through the Nutrient and Pest Management Program. 12. Esker, P., and S. Conley. 2010. Soybean cyst nematode Look at the whole picture. Wisconsin Soy Sentinel (Winter Issue). 13. Esker, P., and S. Conley. 2010. Sudden death syndrome in soybean 2010. Wisconsin Soy Sentinel (Fall Issue). 14. Esker, P., and S. Conley. 2010. Managing Sclerotinia stem rot in 2010 Core recommendations based on field history. Wisconsin Soy Sentinel (Spring Issue). 15. Esker, P. 2010. Current statewide findings for Sudden death syndrome and Brown stem rot in soybean. Wisconsin Crop Manager 17(24): 102. 16. Esker, P. 2010. Reports of Frogeye leaf spot in soybean. Wisconsin Crop Manger 17(22): 93. 17. Esker, P. 2010. Late season stem diseases Look closely& Wisconsin Crop Manager 17(22): 92-93. 18. Esker, P. 2010. Reports of white mold Soybean too late to spray. Wisconsin Crop Manager 17(21): 90. 19. Esker, P. 2010. Scouting for Sudden death syndrome in soybean. Wisconsin Crop Manager 17(21): 89 20. Esker, P., A. Peltier, J. Gaska, and S. Conley. 2010. White mold in soybean in 2010 Factors to consider. Wisconsin Crop Manager 17(16): 68-69. 21. Faghihi, J., Wise, K., Krupke, C., and Ferris, V. 2010. Nematode Updates. Purdue Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue 23, September 3, 2010. 22. Markell, S., Malvick, D., and Nelson, B. D. 2010. Disease management and identification. Pages 94 -122 In: Soybean Production field Guide for North Dakota and Northwestern Minnesota, A-1172. NDSU Extension Service, Fargo, ND 172 p. 23. Mueller, D., A. Robertson, A. Sisson, and G. Tylka. 2010. Soybean diseases. Iowa State University Extension Publication CSI 0004, 36 pp. 24. Mueller, D. S. Be on the lookout for white mold. Iowa Soybean Association Agronomic Tip. January 2010. 25. Mueller, D. S. and Robertson, A. E. Summary: Foliar Fungicide on Soybean in Iowa (2006 2009). Integrated Crop Management News site. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/CropNews/2010/0707muellerandrobertson.htm. July 7, 2010. 26. Mueller, D. S. 2010 Soybean Rust Update. Integrated Crop Management News site. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/CropNews/2010/0520mueller.htm. May 20, 2010. 27. Mueller, D. S. 2009 soybean rust summary. Integrated Crop Management News site. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/CropNews/2010/0104mueller.htm. January 4, 2010. 28. Mueller, D. S. Another disease, another call for selecting resistant varieties. Iowa Soybean Association Agronomic Tip. January 2010. 29. Peltier, A. J., A. Amiri, and P. D. Esker. 2010. Understanding factors that influence the efficacy of seed treatments for soilborne pathogens in corn and soybean. Wisconsin Crop Manager 17(8): 29-31. 30. Peltier, A. J., Y. Chen, and P. D. Esker. 2010. Relative aggressiveness of Contans WG and native Coniothyrium minitans isolates from Wisconsin soybean fields. North Central Division Meeting of the American Phytopathological Society, Rapid City, SD. 31. Ritson, R., Bestor, N., Robertson, A., ONeal, M., Mueller, D., Pedersen, P. Impact of fungicide-insecticide tank mixes on soybean in Iowa. Proceedings of the 20th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. pg. 27- 32. December 2009. 32. Robertson, A. E. and Mueller, D. S. Be on the Lookout for Soybean Diseases. Integrated Crop Management News site. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/CropNews/2010/0802muellerrobertson.htm. August 2, 2010. 33. Wise, K. 2010.Soybean disease monitoring in 2010. Purdue Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue 3, April 16th, 2010. 34. Wise, K. 2010. Update on fungicides for soybean rust. Purdue Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue 10, June 4th, 2010. 35. Wise, K. 2010. Sudden death syndrome in soybean. Purdue Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue 18, July 30th, 2010. 36. Wise, K. 2010. Soybean disease update. Purdue Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue 21, August 20, 2010. 37. Wise, K. 2010. Sudden death syndrome and brown stem rot in soybean. Purdue Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue 23, September 3, 2010.

Impact Statements

Fostered collaborative research and information exchange by bringing 56 number of soybean pathologists together at a joint meeting of the Southern Soybean Disease Workers and the NCERA-212 Soybean Disease Committee.
Actively collaborated in research projects focused on sudden death syndrome, soybean cyst nematode, soybean rust, frogeye leaf spot, scelotinia stem rot, and charcoal rot. These multi-state collaborative projects generated approximately 1.2 million dollars in research and extension support toward the improvement of soybean plant health. Results from these projects will ultimately improve the knowledge base of the soybean pathogens and diseases, which will improve disease management and soybean production.
Prepared a revised version of the Soybean Disease White Paper. The white paper outlines research needed to assist in the development of high yielding, disease resistant varieties that will reduce yield losses to pathogens. This white paper will be used to identify national research needs for the North Central Soybean Research Program, United Soybean Board, state soybean checkoff boards and the USDA.
Developed new webcasts for the Focus on Soybean section of the Plant Management Network. This site received 10,965 unique visitors in 2010. (http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/infocenter/topic/focusonsoybean/ ).
Conducted regional surveys of the presence and distribution of important diseases of soybean that will impact grower decisions about soybean production practices and provide early warnings about emerging disease threats to soybean production. Early warnings will focus extension efforts on preventing yield losses through implementation of appropriate disease management practices.
Identified strobilurin fungicide resistance in Cercospora sojina. This discovery will impact how producers manage frogeye leaf spot with fungicides by limiting their choices of products to those in the triazole family of fungicides. This discovery may also influence fungicide selection by soybean (and corn) growers by increasing awareness of the risks of fungicide-resistant pathogens.
Coordinated a comprehensive effort on pathogen diagnostics. The national plant diagnostic network (www.npdn.org) allows for rapid responses to the identification of new or re-emerging pathogens in a region by focusing education efforts on yield loss mitigation.
Developed education programs that resulted in savings for farmers and the regional economy. These educational programs included fungicide stewardship, management of important diseases such as SDS and white mold, managing SCN using host-plant resistance and proper use of fungicide seed treatments. Educating growers about soybean disease cycles saved an average of $25 per acre by reducing unnecessary pesticides applications when environmental conditions were unfavorable for disease (eg. white mold) or when fungicide applications are ineffective against disease (eg. SDS).
Evaluated effectiveness of seed treatments and fungicide application, resulting in recommendations to help growers get maximum returns. Growers maximized returns by selecting the most effective fungicides when disease was present and saving $25/acre when spraying was unnecessary.
Contributed to a steady increase in soybean yields resulting from resistance breeding efforts by developing improved screening methods and increasing the knowledge base on soybean pathogens.

Date of Annual Report: 05/24/2012

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 03/06/2012 - 03/07/2012
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2010 - 09/01/2011

Participants

Carl Bradley (Univ. Illinois);
Clayton Hollier (Louisiana State Univ.);
Tom Allen (Mississippi State Univ.);
Richard Joost (United Soybean Board);
Albert Tenuta (OMAFRA, Ontario, Canada);
Ed Sikora (Auburn);
Doug Jardine (Kansas State Univ.);
Teresa Hughes (USDA);
Scott Isard (Penn State Univ.);
Loren Giesler (University of Nebraska);
Steve Slack (The Ohio State Univ.);
Boyd Padgett (Louisiana State U);
Kiersten Wise (Purdue Univ);
Laura Sweets (Univ. Missouri);
Dean Malvick (Univ. Minnesota);
Greg Tylka (Iowa State Univ.);
Martin Chilvers (Michigan State Univ.);
Daren Mueller (Iowa State University);
Richard Meyers (Cheminova);
Tom Welacky (AAFC);
Patricia Bollich (LSU AgCenter);
Lawrence Datnoff (LSU Ag Center);
Terry Niblack (Ohio State Univ);
Leslie Lloyd (Pioneer)

Brief Summary of Minutes

The meeting was called to order at 8:00 am by Chair, Leonor Leandro (Iowa State University). The meeting began with introductions of everyone in attendance.

Brief oral reports on the status of the soybean crop and prevalent diseases were given for each state with a member in attendance. Written reports were also provide and compiled into a PDF document. This document is attached for your information and records.

Daren Mueller and Kiersten Wise presented an update on a new field crops fungicide publication that is tentatively titled, Fungicides in Field Crops. The goal of this new publication is to update and merge two key publications: Field crop fungicides for the North Central United States (2008;
http://www.iasoybeans.com/productionresearch/publications/fieldcropfungicides/fieldcropfungicides.pdf), and Using Foliar Fungicides to Manage Soybean Rust (2007; http://oardc.osu.edu/soyrust). The goal of this manual is to provide an updated reference for crop advisors, pesticide applicators, extension educators and other agribusiness personnel. Chapters in the new manual will cover the basics of fungicide usage and application, the decision process to apply a fungicide, fungicide resistance and the FRAC code, conducting on-farm fungicide trials, etc. Nick Dufault, Carl Bradley, and Marty Chilvers are also authors on this publication. A final version is in progress, and states were surveyed to determine how many each would want, and if there were potential funding sources to use for publication costs. There was discussion about various funding sources that Daren and Kiersten will pursue. A list of images needed for the publication will be sent to the group for contributions.

Loren Geisler presented data on fungicide and insecticide research trials conducted in Nebraska. The trend from this data set indicates that a fungicide and insecticide application can increase yield by an average of 2.1 bu/A with a fungicide, and 4.1 bu/A with a fungicides plus insecticide. Tom Allen presented similar soybean fungicide research conducted in Mississippi. Fungicides applied at R3-R4 gave a return on investment approximately 50-60% of the time in these trials. There was discussion about similar trends observed in Iowa and Canada, and the potential impact of soybean cyst nematode on a fungicide yield response. Loren suggested pooling data and looking at these sets to determine a frequency response from a fungicide. This issue prompted discussion of fungicide resistance to strobilurin fungicides, and the appropriate way to recommend fungicide use in soybeans. The consensus was that fungicides should be recommended for disease control and Extension personnel should educate producers about limitations of fungicides and fungicide resistance management.

Leonor Leandro provided an update on research examining the frequency of Fusarium species and their association with soybean roots in Iowa. F. oxysporum, F. acuminatum, and F. solani were the most prevalent species each year. Isolates varied in aggressiveness in greenhouse studies, and research was initiated to look at genetic diversity within isolates of F. oxysporum. Field microplot studies were initiated and inoculated with various isolates, however no yield impact was observed from isolates in any year, despite noticeable root rot symptoms. were observed, but no impact on yield in field. Dean Malvick presented similar research conducted in Minnesota. Over 95% of all isolates collected in this study were Fusarium species. He identified them morphologically and genetically, and determined that F. oxysporum and F. solani were the dominant species identified in both years. Isolates were also found that were not pathogenic on soybean. Field microplot studies indicated significant damage at seedling stage, but plants were unaffected at later growth stages, and appeared to grow out of symptoms. There was no indication that fungicide seed treatments are effective at managing root rots.
The following group discussion on root rots led to questions about the importance of root rots and the impact on yield.

Jason Bond presented an update on a project to identify seedling pathogens of soybean. The goal of this project is to identify organisms and improve genetic diagnostic tools for ID of fungal seedling pathogens. In addition, this project will characterize pathogenicity and aggressiveness of isolates, screen for sensitivity to seed treatment fungicides, and examine environmental conditions and production practices that favor Pythium and Rhizoctonia. This project will be underway this summer and data will be provided next year.

Jason Bond also presented an update a comprehensive management program for foliar diseases of soybean, including frogeye leaf spot, brown spot, and Cercospora leaf blight. This project will characterize population diversity, race structure, and the influence of host resistance on management of C. sojina. In addition, they will monitor for fungicide resistance, and determine a baseline sensitivity of the pathogens for triazoles. Varieties will be identified with resistance to FLS and brown spot, and examine efficacy of fungicides for Phomopsis. The goal is to develop a soybean foliar disease prediction system for these three foliar diseases, and update outreach material for foliar diseases.

Scott Isard gave an update on the IPM PIPE and the soybean rust (SBR) monitoring program. This year, SBR monitoring will occur in gulf coast states, SC, and OK. Monitoring for frogeye leaf spot (FLS) will also occur this year. There will also be an option for confirming where FLS-fungicide resistant isolates have been detected. There was discussion on if industry and independent crop consultants should have access to post disease observations onto the PIPE. There were many pros and cons discussed, and it was determined that prior to industry confirmations and entry into the site, samples must be diagnosed and confirmed by an independent diagnostic lab that is capable of issuing phytosanitary certificates.

Don Hershman provided an update on Cercospora sojina nomenclature. Liiterature in mycological societies indicated that the name should be changed to Passalora sojina based on conidia shape and conidial scars, and this change was initiated in 1996. Additional email discussion after the meeting confirmed that the correct nomenclature is still Cercospora, and the NCERA members should still use C. sojina to refer to frogeye leaf spot. Tom Allen mentioned the viral disease Soybean necrotic vein virus (SNVV), which is thrips vectored and present in south and mid-south. The disease has been confirmed in east as well now. Although it is present, it is not clear if it is a yield-limiting disease. Don Hershman mentioned collaborating on an Extension publication on this issue.

Martin Chilvers updated the group on the USDA Oomycete CAP project which surveyed 12 states in 2011. Of these surveys, 43 Pythium species were found, and only two Phytophthora species were observed. The group is working on finding high-throughput molecular diagnostic techniques to speed identification. Pathogenicity assays will be performed.

Leonor Leandro called the business meeting to order at 4:10 PM.

Steve Slack gave an administrative update and provided information about the Federal budget. Steve mentioned that the meeting was productive and this group should use their connections to disseminate information through new technology, like app development and smartphone technology. In future planning, the group should evaluate projects when putting the program together to aid in reporting. The group has had good participation and reviews, and needs to update the current roster. The objectives should be reviewed and changes and new avenues should be emphasized. The project will need to be updated and revised in 2014, and planning for the rewrite should begin in the coming year. The Federal budget has had changes that were expected. Smith-Lever and Hatch funds were reduced by 1.5 million. Overall, total funds for research and extension will be similar, but some budget lines were rearranged, which increases money for research, but rearranges all IPM and IR4 programs into a single crop protection budget line. This new budget could be approved by August, however the expectation is that all focus will be on elections and there is uncertainty if the budget should be passed prior to election.

Leonor Leandro discussed minutes from 2011 and asked for corrections or additions. Loren Geisler motioned to approve the minutes, and Daren Mueller seconded the motion. The minutes were unanimously approved.

Nominations for the NCERA 212 secretary for 2013 (chair for 2014) were opened. Dean Malvick nominated Marty Chilvers and Carl Bradley moved to close nominations. Marty Chilvers was unanimously elected as the secretary of NCERA 212 for 2013, and chair for 2014. Plans for the 2013 meeting were discussed. The 2013 meeting has traditionally been held with the Soybean Breeders meeting in St. Louis. Loren Geisler motioned to meet with this group, and Teresa Hughes seconded the motion. It was unanimously approved to meet with this group in 2013. Loren Geisler posed the question about an additional workshop for this meeting that would include breeding technicians to discuss disease screening and rating methods. Loren Geisler will contact group to see if there is interest, and the meeting was adjourned.

The meeting reconvened at 8:15 AM on Wednesday morning, March 7th, with a discussion of soybean cyst nematodes.

Vincent Klink of Mississippi State University presented an update on molecular interactions of nematode parasitism with SCN, and Greg Tylka addressed the impact of soil moisture on SCN development, and an update on SCN seed treatments. Greg also gave an update on the SCN seed treatments. There was a discussion on efficacy of products, timings, and ratings for SCN and seed treatments.

NCERA 212 Impact Statement: Soybean production continues to play a prominent role in US agriculture. It is the number one crop in terms of harvested acres in several North Central states and second only to corn in value of production. The 2010 cash market value of soybeans increased 32 percent from 29.5 billion to 38.9 billion dollars. With rising production value, new markets for green energy, and soybean oil replacing crude oil in industrial processes, there is a greater demand to improve yield and quality. Soybean yields have remained steady since 2002, with average yields of 43.3 and 43.5 bu/A reported for 2009 and 2010, respectively (USDA Crop Production Report, Feb 2011). The frequency and spread of soybean diseases has played a role in these stagnant yields in several production areas within the North Central region.

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

Publications

Refereed Scientific Publications: Bienapfl, J.C., Malvick, D.K.,and Percich, J.A. 2011. Specific molecular detection of Phytophthora sojae using conventional and real-time PCR. Fungal Biology. 115 733-740. Bao, Y., Neher, D.A.,Chen, S.Y. 2011. Effect of soil disturbance and biocides on nematode communities and extracellular enzyme activity in soybean cyst nematode suppressive soil. Nematology 13: 687-699. Chilvers, M.I., Warner, F.W., Jacobs, J.L. and Wang, J. In Press. Efficacy of nematicide and fungicide seed treatments for soybean cyst nematode and soybean sudden death syndrome in Michigan, 2011. Plant Disease Management Reports. Chilvers, M.I., Jacobs, J.L. and Boyse, J.F. In Press. Triazole foliar fungicide efficacy on Septoria brown spot in soybeans in Michigan, 2011. Plant Disease Management Reports. Chilvers, MI., Zehr, G.L. and Munoz, J.D. 2011. Foliar fungicide efficacy on brown spot in soybeans in Michigan, 2010. Plant Disease Management Reports. 5:FC006. Domier, L. L., Hobbs, H. A., McCoppin, N. K., Bowen, C. R., Steinlage, T. A., Chang, S., Wang, Y., and Hartman, G. L. 2011. Multiple loci condition seed transmission of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and SMV-induced seed coat mottling in soybean. Phytopathology 101:750-756. Gongora, C. C., and Leandro, L. F. S. 2011. Plant age affects root infection and development of foliar symptoms of soybean sudden death syndrome. Plant Disease, 95:242-247. Gongora, C., and Leandro, L. F. S. 2011. Effect of soil temperature and plant age at time of inoculation on progress of root rot and foliar symptoms of soybean sudden death syndrome. Plant Disease 95:436-440. Gongora, C. C., Nutter, F. W. Jr., and Leandro, L. F. S. 2011. Temporal dynamics of root and foliar symptoms of soybean sudden death syndrome at different inoculum densities. European J. Plant Pathology (in press). On-line: DOI: 10.1007/s10658-011-9849-4. Hartman, G. L., Hill, C. B., Twizeyimana, M., Miles, M. R., and Bandyopadhyay, R. 2011. Interaction of soybean and Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the cause of soybean rust. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veternary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources 6:1-25. Hartman, G. L., West, E., and Herman, T. 2011. Crops that feed the world 2. Soybean-worldwide production, use, and constraints caused by pathogens and pests. Food Security 3:5-17. Haudenshield, J. S., and Hartman, G. L. 2011. Exogenous controls to increase negative call veracity in multiplexed, quantitative PCR assays for Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Plant Disease 95:343-352. Henry, R.S. Wise, K.A., and Johnson, W.G. 2011. Glyphosates effect upon mineral accumulation in soybean. Crop Manag. doi:10.1094/CM-2011-1024-01-RS. Henry, R.S. Johnson, W.G., and Wise, K.A. 2011. The impact of a fungicide and insecticide on soybean growth, yield, and profitability. Crop Prot. 30:1629-1634. Jardine, D.J. and J.H. Long. 2011. Effect of seed treatment fungicides and insecticides on stand and yield of soybeans at Columbus Kansas, 2010. Plant Disease Management Reports 5:ST017. Jardine, D.J. and J.H. Long. 2011. Effect of seed treatment fungicides and insecticides on stand and yield of soybeans at Columbus Kansas, 2010. Plant Disease Management Reports 5:ST018. Mbofung, G. C. Y., Fessehaie, A., Bhattacharyya, M. K., and Leandro, L. F. S. 2011. A new Taqman real-time PCR assay for quantification of Fusarium virguliforme in soil. Plant Disease 94:860-866. Mengistu, A., Wrather, A., Little, C.R., Bond, J., Rupe, J., Shannon, G., Newman, M., Canaday, C., Arelli, C., and Chen, P. 2012. Evaluation of soybean genotypes for seedborne diseases in no-till and non-irrigated fields. Plant Health Progress: In Press. Mengistu, A., Arelli, P.A., Bond, J.P., Shannon, G.J., Wrather, A.J., Rupe, J.B., Chen, P., Little, C.R., Canaday, C.H., Newman, M.A., and Pantalone, V.R. 2011. Evaluation of soybean genotypes for charcoal rot. Plant Health Progress: Online (DOI: 10.1094/PHP-2011-0323-01-RS). Miles, M. R., Bonde, M. R., Nester, S. E., Berner, D. K., Frederick, R. D., and Hartman, G. L. 2011. Characterizing resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi in soybean. Plant Disease 95:577-581. Paul, C., Hill, C. B., and Hartman, G. L. 2011. Comparisons of visual rust assessments and DNA levels of Phakopsora pachyrhizi in soybean genotypes varying in rust resistance. Plant Disease 95:1007-1012. Peltier, A.J., Bradley, C.A., Chilvers, M.I., Malvick, D.K., Mueller, D.S., Wise, K.A., Esker, P.D. Submitted Dec-2011. Biology, yield loss, and control of Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean. Journal of Integrated Pest Management. Poromarto, S. H., Nelson, B. D., and T. C. Helms. 2011. Reproduction of soybean cyst nematode on dry bean cultivars over multiple generations. Plant Disease 95:1239-1243. Qi, M., Wang, D., Bradley, C. A., and Zhao, Y. 2011. Genome sequence analyses of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycinea and subtractive hybridization-based comparative genomics with nine pseudomonads. PLoS One 6:e16451. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016451 Richardson, M., Lagos, D., Mitchell, R., Hartman, G. L., and Voegtlin, D. J. 2011. Life history and morphological plasticity of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 140:139-145. Twizeyimana, M., Ojiambo, P. S., Hartman, G. L., and Bandyopadhyay, R. 2011. Dynamics of soybean rust epidemics in sequential plantings of soybean cultivars in Nigeria. Plant Disease 95:43-50. Twizeyimana, M., Ojiambo, P. S., Haudenshield, J. S., Caetano-Anollés, G., Pedley, K. F., Bandyopadhyay, R., and Hartman, G. L. 2011. Genetic structure and diversity of Phakopsora pachyrhizi isolates from soyabean. Plant Pathology 60:719-729. Valdes-Lopez, O., Thibivilliers, S., Qiu, J., Xu, W., Nguyen, T., Libault, M., Le, B., Goldberg, R., Hill, C. B., Hartman, G. L., Diers, B. W., and Stacey, G. 2011. Identification of quantitative trait loci controlling gene expression during the innate immunity response of soybean. Plant Physiology doi: 10.1104/pp.111.183327. Walker, D., Boerma, H., Phillips, D., Schneider, R., Buckley, J., Shipe, E., Mueller, J., Weaver, D., Sikora, E., Moore, S., Hartman, G., Miles, M. R., Harris, D., Wright, D. L., Marois, J. J., and Nelson, R. L. 2011. Evaluation of USDA soybean germplasm accessions for resistance to soybean rust in the Southern United States. Crop Science 51:678-693. Extension publications: Chilvers, M. and Silva, G. MSU Extension News. Septoria brown spot of soybeans. September, 26, 2011. Chilvers, M. MSU Extension News. 2011 wasnt a year for white mold & was it? September, 14, 2011. Chilvers, M. and Nagelkirk, M. MSU Extension News. Stem Canker and the Diaporthe-Phomopsis complex. September, 12, 2011. Chilvers, M., Wang, J. and Byrne, J. MSU Extension News. Soybean sudden death syndrome found in four new counties in 2011. September, 6, 2011. Esker, P., Peltier, A., Bradley, C., Chilvers, M., Malvick, D., Mueller, D., and Wise, K. 2011. Management of white mold in soybean. North Central Soybean Research Program Plant Health Initiative, booklet. Approximately 30,000 units printed. Henry, R. Wise, K., Johnson, W., and Krupke, C. 2011. Profitability of fungicides and insecticides in soybean. Purdue Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue 17. Leandro, L., Mueller, D., Robertson, A., and Sisson, A. Sudden death syndrome-resistant soybean varieties for Iowa Iowa State University Extension: PM 3009. January 2011. MacKellar, B., and Chilvers, M. 2011. MSU Extension News. Soybean sudden death syndrome symptoms beginning to develop in Ingham County. August, 16, 2011. MacKellar, B., Chilvers, M. and Hao, J. 2011. MSU Extension News. White mold becoming evident in southwest Michigan irrigated soybean fields. July, 27, 2011. MacKellar, B., Chilvers, M. 2011. MSU Extension News. Sudden death syndrome beginning to show symptoms in southwest Michigan soybean fields. July, 1, 2011. MacKellar, B., Chilvers, M., Bird, G., and Wang, D. 2011. CAT alert. MSU soybean diseases research in Van Buren county will continue to investigate practices to manage sudden death syndrome in 2011. February, 25, 2011. Mueller, D. and Sisson, A. Scouting White Mold in Soybean. Iowa State University Extension: CSI 020. September 2011. Mueller, D., Sisson, A., Hodgson, E., Mallarino, A., McGrath, C., ONeal, M., Pedersen, P., Pilcher, C., Pope, R., Rice, M., Robertson, A., Sawyer, J., Schaefer, K., Simon, K., Tylka, G., and Wright, D. Soybean field guide Second Version Iowa State University Extension: CSI 010. March 2011. Sisson, A., Mueller, D., Hodgson, E., and Schaefer, K. Early season soybean scouting. Iowa State University Extension: CSI 006. January 2011. Wise, K. 2011. Are late-planted soybeans at risk for soybean rust? Purdue Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue 9. Wise, K. 2011. Bacterial blight in soybean. Purdue Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue 13.

Impact Statements

Fostered collaborative research and information exchange by bringing a number of soybean pathologists together at a joint meeting of the Southern Soybean Disease Workers and the NCERA-212 Soybean Disease Committee.
Actively collaborated in research projects focused on sudden death syndrome, soybean cyst nematode, soybean rust, frogeye leaf spot, sclerotinia stem rot, and charcoal rot. These multi-state collaborative projects generated approximately 1.2 million dollars in research and extension support toward the improvement of soybean plant health. Results from these projects will ultimately improve the knowledge base of the soybean pathogens and diseases, which will improve disease management and soybean production.
Prepared a revised version of the Soybean Disease White Paper. The white paper outlines research needed to assist in the development of high yielding, disease resistant varieties that will reduce yield losses to pathogens. This white paper will be used to identify national research needs for the North Central Soybean Research Program, United Soybean Board, state soybean checkoff boards and the USDA.
Developed new webcasts for the Focus on Soybeansection of the Plant Management Network. (http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/infocenter/topic/focusonsoybean/ ).
Conducted regional surveys of the presence and distribution of important diseases of soybean that will impact grower decisions about soybean production practices and provide early warnings about emerging disease threats to soybean production. Early warnings will focus extension efforts on preventing yield losses through implementation of appropriate disease management practices.
Identified strobilurin fungicide resistance in multiple states for Cercospora sojina. This discovery will impact how producers manage frogeye leaf spot with fungicides by limiting their choices of products to those in the triazole family of fungicides. This discovery may also influence fungicide selection by soybean (and corn) growers by increasing awareness of the risks of fungicide-resistant pathogens.
Coordinated a comprehensive effort on pathogen diagnostics. The national plant diagnostic network (www.npdn.org) allows for rapid responses to the identification of new or re-emerging pathogens in a region by focusing education efforts on yield loss mitigation.
Developed education programs that resulted in savings for farmers and the regional economy. These educational programs included fungicide stewardship, management of important diseases such as SDS and white mold, managing SCN using host-plant resistance and proper use of fungicide seed treatments. Educating growers about soybean disease cycles saved an average of $25 per acre by reducing unnecessary pesticides applications when environmental conditions were unfavorable for disease (eg. white mold) or when fungicide applications are ineffective against disease (eg. SDS).
Evaluated effectiveness of seed treatments and fungicide application, resulting in recommendations to help growers get maximum returns. Growers maximized returns by selecting the most effective fungicides when disease was present and saving $25/acre when spraying was unnecessary.
Contributed to a steady increase in soybean yields resulting from resistance breeding efforts by developing improved screening methods and increasing the knowledge base on soybean pathogens.

Date of Annual Report: 04/15/2013

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 02/13/2013 - 02/14/2013
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2011 - 09/01/2012

Participants

Carl Bradley, (Univ. Illinois), Albert Tenuta (OMAFRA, Ontario, Canada), Ed Sikora (Auburn), Doug Jardine (Kansas State Univ.), Teresa Hughes (USDA), Scott Isard (Penn State Univ.), Loren Giesler (University of Nebraska), Steve Slack (The Ohio State Univ.), Kiersten Wise (Purdue Univ), Laura Sweets (Univ. Missouri), Dean Malvick (Univ. Minnesota), Martin Chilvers (Michigan State Univ.), Daren Mueller (Iowa State University), Damon Smith (Univ. Wisconsin-Madison), Ron Burgundy (UCLA), Anne Dorrance (The Ohio State Univ.), Don Hershman (Univ. Kentucky), Glen Hartman (USDA-ARS @ UIUC), Heather Kelly (Univ. Tennessee), Sam Markell (North Dakota State Univ.), Jim Kurle (Univ. Minnesota), Berlin Nelson (North Dakota State Univ.), Chris Little (Kansas State Univ.), Kelly Whiting (United Soybean Board), Aardrea Kachzoo (Univ. Kentucky), Mark ORourke (Bayer Crop Science), Chip Graham (Bayer Crop Science), Jennifer Riggs (Bayer Crop Science), Yannis Tzanetakis (Univ. Arkansas), Ravi Chitrampalam (North Dakota State Univ.)

Brief Summary of Minutes

The meeting of the NCERA 212: Soybean Diseases Committee was held at the Sheraton Westport Hotel, St Louis, MO, February 13-14, 2013. The meeting was held in conjunction with the Soybean Breeders Workshop.

The meeting was called to order at 1pm on the 13th of February by Chair, Kiersten Wise (Purdue Univ.). The meeting began with brief introductions of everyone in attendance.

Brief oral state reports were given on soybean production in 2012, drought was a major factor however some states were not affected as severely as expected. Soybean vein necrosis virus was noted to be an emerging disease which was widespread across most states.

Soybean vein necrosis virus (SVNV) expert panel:
Don Hershman provided an overview of soybean vein necrosis virus. SVNV has been confirmed in 15 states, as far as we know it has not been reported outside of the US. Yield and quality effects are as yet unknown.

Ioannis Tzanetakis. Conventional RT-PCR, RT-qPCR, ELISA and dot-blot assays are available for diagnostics. Soybean thrips (Sericothrips variabilis) have been demonstrated to be a very effective vector. Morning glories were demonstrated to be an asymptomatic host of SVNV. Legumes tested including soybeans appear not to be hosts of the virus but exhibit a hypertensive (local lesion) response, thus limiting movement of the virus within the plant. Potential exists for the virus to mutate or interact with other viruses to become systemic. Tobacco can be used to maintain the virus in the greenhouse for about a month, before plants succumb to disease. Only the 1st and 2nd thrip larval stages can acquire the virus, not known if SVNV can be passed to thrip offspring, there are only a few tospovirus examples of this.

Les Domier. Metagenomics of viruses in soybean. SVNV detected across states sampled except North Dakota and only very low genetic diversity of the virus found. A new nepovirus was found with high frequently in North Dakota.

Discussion from the floor
Doug Jardine Valent trying to organize meeting for AP3 (Ethaboxam) at North Central APS meeting.

Anne Dorrance led discussion on improving our profile with growers, industry and Universities, to communicate the value of the research and extension that we do both individually, at the University level and as a group. Concern was expressed as to the dissemination of research and extension information and the need to improve this.

It was suggested to improve linkage with local boards, tour them through labs and greenhouses to demonstrate the research. Can we develop a summary of work done by NCERA212 members to improve soybean production and protect yield. Plant health initiative website does not come up very high in soybean searches, this needs to be examined.

Marty Work with Kelly Whiting to arrange to have USB and NCSRP board members to attend NCERA-212 meeting.

Meeting was called to a close at 5pm and reconvened at 8.30 am on the 14th of February.

Carl Bradley led a discussion on the large shift in sensitivity to azoxystrobin in 2010. Isolates collected from Southern Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee. Some of these fields dont have a high use of fungicides. As well as in vitro agar plate assays, the isolates were also demonstrated to be insensitive in the greenhouse. Discriminatory dose determined to be 0.1ppm azoxystrobin, which can be used to screen isolates directly from sporulating leaf material. Resistance has now been detected in IL, MO, KY, TN, AR, MS, LA, and AL. This does not necessarily translate to lack of control in the field. Observational trials demonstrated big shift in population sensitivity to QoIs in contrast to other MOA, in support of this the G143A mutation was detected.

Kiersten Wise discussed foliar fungicide efficacy table, it was noted that a foot note should be inserted to state that these recommendations are for soybean grain only, recommendations for edamame may differ.

Leonor Leandro presented information on the soybean growth stage and susceptibility to F. virguliforme. Tagged plant studies demonstrate that seedlings can grow out of SDS and my not show symptoms for the rest of the season. In flowering delay experiments where reproduction is delayed by picking flowers off plants there was a reduction in SDS foliar incidence and severity and reduction in root rot severity. When plants are exposed to culture filtrate at different growth stages plants demonstrate significantly more symptoms at reproductive stages vs. vegetative stages. [is ethylene involved, can we use GC to see what is happening physiologically?]
Empty BPMV vector increases susceptibility to SDS. Are there viral-SDS interactions in the field?

Anne Dorrance resistance screening discussion. There is a need for a review of screening methods to identify QTLs and minor genes that are being missed by the companies and breeders. Review and comparison of methods is needed. Annes lab lost a field of Conrad to stink bug (all three spp. present) damage. No difference in shape of pod, but seeds will be shriveled, edges of field may have green stems. Need to maintain and secure differentials that are used by many groups. Silvia suggested that the national soybean repository is willing to assist in maintaining these lines.
Send list to Anne of wish list of lines so that we can determine costing on reproduction.

Martin Chilvers discussion on seed treatment efficacy chart. How will growers use the information? Perhaps we need a separate one for us and one for growers? Add additional a.i.s Rhizobium column, may need to add footnote to tell people to check with their rhizobe dealer and label (formulation issue ).

Ed Sikora ipmPIPE discussion of how to use site for frog eye leaf spot, should the site only show counties in which samples have been tested. Decision to be made at NCERA208 meeting for implementation.

Scott Isard iPiPE to facilitate data sharing among agriculture stakeholders, will be the next step in evolution of ipmPIPE, with more diseases and entry of data by more stakeholders. Small scale release in 2013 for us to begin using it and determine what works and what doesnt. Android app available now and iPhone app nearly ready.

Daren Mueller, collecting disease scouting data with Apps. Update on ScoutPro which can be used to collect field data and have that synced up. Can we use this as a tool for improving our collaborative efforts in terms of using consistent rating scales?

Steve Slack presented an administrative update. NCERA-212 committee up for renewal. Current group terminates Sep 2014. Issues and justification section by September of 2014, whole re-write due by Dec. If we want to keep same number need a justification, may want to change number to demonstrate change. Need impact statement, for example how we have addressed frog eye leaf spot, SVNV short statement with photos. Need to emphasize emerging diseases, dynamic system, communicating across state lines to be more efficient. Need to re-request to be on the participant list, need to go through experimental station director to get kept on list. Update objectives to show progress and current situation. Suggest to keep objectives down to about 3 (currently have 7). Take care in how things are worded, to avoid what may look to be duplication of support.
Primary objective for this group is information/data sharing.

Business meeting.
2012 minutes approved, motioned by Carl second Doug, all in favor.
Motion to renew NCERA212 group motioned Marty, second Berlin, all in favor
Motion Loren, second to switch back to 137 from 212 all in favor.
Heather volunteered and elected to secretary in 2014 and chair in 2015, unanimous support.
Options for meeting in 2014 include SSDW which meets in March, or virology group John Hill (Chair, Iowa State), Leonor can initiate contact.

Writing committee for soybean disease committee renewal: Anne, Kiersten, Marty (chair), Loren, Doug, Heather (secretary).

Meeting was adjourned at 12 noon on February 14th.

Please note: The compiled State Reports are included as an attachment to these minutes. State reports also include publications.

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

Our mission: The NCERA 212 Committee monitors the development of soybean diseases and directs science-based information to breeders and agricultural companies across the US. The committee has a system of rapid exchange of information about current and emerging pathogen issues that helps mitigate yield losses and assists growers and companies in cost savings. 1. Foster collaborative research and information exchange on new and emerging soybean diseases among scientists in the north central region including soybean breeders and entomologists that will lead to improved disease screening protocols, additional sources of disease resistance genes and ultimately, improved host plant resistance 2. Compare findings on the impacts of changing production practices such as earlier planting dates, new sources of host plant resistance, increased use of fungicide seed treatments and foliar fungicides, and other new or improved crop production technologies on soybean diseases that could be adopted for other production areas in the region. 3. Compare data from studies of the ecology and epidemiology of soybean diseases important in the north central region. 4. Improve knowledge transfer about soybean diseases and their management in the North Central Region to researchers, Extension faculty, producers and the agribusiness community through the use of web sites, podcasts and other new technologies as they are developed. 5. Continue to monitor and share information for any new or reemerging pathogens of soybean in the north central region and develop appropriate responses to their emergence as they occur.

Publications

Books Mueller, D.S., Wise, K.A., Dufault, N.S., Bradley, C.A., Chilvers, M.I. 2013. Fungicides for Field Crops. The American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, MN. Refereed publications and abstracts Abdelsamad, N., Mbofung, G. C., Robertson, A. E., Liebman, M., and Leandro, L.F. 2012. Long-term crop rotations suppress soybean sudden death syndrome in Iowa.Phytopathology 475P Abeysekara, N., Matthiesen, R., Cianzio, S., Bhattacharyya, M. and Robertson, A. 2012. Identification of quantitative trait loci for partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae in soybean. Phytopathology 102:S4.1 Diaz-Arias ,M. M., Leandro, L. F., and Munkvold, G. P. 2012. Frequency of isolation, aggressiveness, and impact on yield of Fusarium root rot species in soybean in Iowa. Phytopathology 322P Ellis, M. L. Diaz-Arias, M. M., Cruz, D. R., Munkvold, G. and Leandro, L. F. S. First report of Fusarium commune causing damping-off, seed rot, and seedling root rot on soybean (Glycine max) in the United States. Plant Disease (accepted) Ellis, M. L. Diaz-Arias, M. M., Leandro, L. F. S. and Munkvold, G. 2012. First Report of Fusarium armeniacum Causing Seed Rot and Root Rot on Soybean (Glycine max) in the United States. Plant Disease 96:2693. Leandro, L. F. S., Robertson, A. E., Mueller, D. S., and Yang, X.B. Climatic and environmental trends observed during epidemic and non-epidemic years of soybean sudden death syndrome in Iowa. Plant Health Progress (accepted) Leandro, L. F. S., Tatalovic, N. and Lucked, A. 2012. Soybean sudden death syndrome advances in knowledge and disease management. CAB Reviews 7:053. doi:10.1079/PAVSNNR20127053 Leandro, L.F., Robertson, A.E., Mueller, D.S., and X.B. Yang. 2013. Comparison of environmental conditions during epidemic and non-epidemic years of soybean sudden death syndrome in Iowa. Plant Health Progress. Accepted November 2012. Luckew, A., Cianzio, S. and Leandro, L. F. S. 2012. Screening method for distinguishing soybean resistance to Fusarium virguliforme in resistant by resistant crosses. Crop Science 52 (5): 2215-2223. Matthiesen, R. Abeysekara, N., Robertson, A. and Maroof, S. 2012. Combining isolates to screen for novel sources of resistance to Phytophthora sojae in soybean. Phytopathology 102:S4.77 Mbofung, G. C. Y., Harrington, T. C., Steimel, J., Navi, S. S., Yang, X. B., and Leandro, L. 2012. Multiloci fingerprint analysis reveals genetic variability within Fusarium virguliforme population from Iowa. Canadian J. Plant Pathology 34:83-97. Peltier, A.J., Bradley, C.A., Chilvers, M.I., Malvick, D.K., Mueller, D.S., Wise, K.A., Esker, P.D. 2012. Biology, yield loss, and control of Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean. Journal of Integrated Pest Management. 3(2):B1-B7 Robertson, A.E., Block, C.C., Hurburgh, C.R. and Shepherd, L.M. 2012. Effect of Gosss leaf blight severity on grain quality and on Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis seed infection. Phytopathology 102:S4.101 Rojas, A., Jacobs, J., Bradley, C.A., Esker, P.D., Giesler, L., Jardine, D., Nelson, B.D., Malvick, D. K., Markell, S., Robertson, A.E., Rupe, J.C., Sweets, L. Wise, K.A., Chilvers, M.I. 2012. Survey of oomycete species associated with soybean seedling diseases in the United States. Phytopathology 102 (Suppl): S5.8 Rojas, A., Jacobs, J., Bradley, C.A., Esker, P.D., Giesler, L., Jardine, D., Nelson, B.D., Malvick, D. K., Markell, S., Robertson, A.E., Rupe, J.C., Sweets, L. Wise, K.A., Chilvers, M.I. 2012. Survey of oomycete species associated with soybean seedling diseases in the United States. Phytopathology 102:S4.102 Smith, D.L., Watson, Q., Willis, D.K., German, T.L., Phibbs, A., Mueller, D.S., Dittman, J.D., Saalau-Rojas, E., Whitham, S.A. 2013. First Report of Soybean Vein Necrosis Disease Caused by Soybean vein necrosis-associated virus in Wisconsin and Iowa. Plant Disease. Accepted December 2012 Stewart, S. and Robertson, A.E. 2012. A modified method to screen for partial resistance for Phytopthora sojae in soybean. Crop Science 52:1181-1186 Tatalovic, N., Tylka, G. L., and Leandro, L. F. 2012. Effect of watering on the dynamics of Heterodera glycines and Fusarium virguliforme interaction in soybean roots. Phytopathology 448P Extension publications Sisson, A., Mueller, D., Robertson, A., Hodgson, E., Schaefer, K., Licht, M., and McGrath, C. 2012. Early Season Corn Scouting. Iowa State University Extension: CSI 0017. Sisson, A., Mueller, D., Robertson, A., Hodgson, E., Schaefer, K., Licht, M., and McGrath, C. 2012. Mid-Season Soybean Scouting. Iowa State University Extension: CSI 0007. Sisson, A., Mueller, D., Robertson, A., Hodgson, E., Schaefer, K., Licht, M., and McGrath, C. 2012. Late Season Soybean Scouting. Iowa State University Extension: CSI 0008. Mueller, D. and Sisson, A. Scouting White Mold in Soybean. Iowa State University Extension: CSI 020. September 2011. Bradley, C. A., Wood, A. Zhang, G. R., Murray, J. E., Phillips, D. V., and Ming, R. 2012. Genetic diversity of Cercospora sojina revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 34:410-416. Hill, C. B., Chirumamilla, A., and Hartman, G. L. 2012. Resistance and virulence in the soybean-Aphis glycines interaction. Euphytica 186:635-646. Hobbs, H. A., Jossey, S., Wang, Y., Hartman, G. L., and Domier, L. L. 2012. Diverse soybean accessions identified with temperature-sensitive resistance to Tobacco Streak Virus. Crop Science 52:738-744. Jiang, Y. N., Haudenshield, J. S., and Hartman, G. L. 2012. Characterization of Pythium spp. from soil samples in Illinois. Canadian Journal of Plant Patholgoy 34:448-454. Jiang, Y. N., Haudenshield, J. S., and Hartman, G. L. 2012. Response of soybean fungal and oomycete pathogens to apigenin and genistein. Mycology: An International Journal of Fungal Biology 3:153-157. Kim, K. S., Unfried, J. R., Hyten, D. L., Frederick, R. D., Hartman, G. L., Nelson, R. L., Song, Q., and Diers, B. W. 2012. Molecular mapping of soybean rust resistance in soybean accession PI 561356 and SNP haplotype analysis of the Rpp1 region in diverse germplasm. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 125:1339-1352. Radwan, O., Li, M., Calla, B., Li, S., Hartman, G. L., and Clough, S. J. 2012. Effect of Fusarium virguliforme phytotoxin on soybean gene expression suggests a role in multidimensional defence. Molecular Plant Pathology DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12006. Twizeyimana, M., and Hartman, G. L. 2012. Pathogenic variation of Phakopsora pachyrhizi isolates on soybean in the United States from 2006 to 2009. Plant Disease 95:75-81. Twizeyimana, M., Hill, C. B., Pawlowski, M., and Hartman, G. L. 2012. A cut-stem inoculation technique to evaluate soybean for re- sistance to Macrophomina phaseolina. Plant Disease 96:1210-1215. Vittal, R., Haudenshield, J. S., and Hartman, G. L. 2012. A multiplexed immunofluorescence method identifies Phakopsora pachyrhizi urediniospores and determines their viability. Phytopathology 102:1143-1152. Vittal, R., Yang, H., and Hartman, G. L. 2012. Anastomosis of germ tubes and nuclear migration of nuclei in germ tube networks of the soybean rust pathogen, Phakopsora pachyrhizi. European Journal of Plant Pathology 132:163-167. Yang, H. C., Haudenshield, J. S., and Hartman, G. L. 2012. First report of Colletotrichum chlorophyti causing soybean anthracnose. Plant Disease 96:1699. Zhang, X. C., Freire, M. C. M., Le, M. H., De Oliveria, L. O., Pitkin, J. W., Segers, G., Concibido, V. C., Baley, G. J., Hartman, G. L., Upchurch, G., Pedley, K. F., and Stacey, G. 2012. Genetic diversity and origins of Phakopsora pachyrhizi isolates in the United States. Asian Journal of Plant Pathology DOI: 10.3923/ajppaj.2012. Extension Publications: Ruhl, G. and Wise, K. 2012. Symptoms of soybean vein necrosis linked to a new Tospovirus. Purdue Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue 23. Wise, K. 2012. Sudden death syndrome in soybean appearing in Indiana. Purdue Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue 21. Wise, K. 2012. Fungicide applications in soybean: Risk vs. Reward. Purdue Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue 19. Wise, K., and Hughes, T. 2012. Scout soybean fields for charcoal rot. Purdue Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue 16. Mengistu, A., Arelli, P.A., Bellaloui, N., Bond, J.P., Shannon, G.J., Wrather, A.J., Rupe, J.B., Chen, P., Little, C.R., Canaday, C.H., Newman, M.A., and Pantalone, V.R. 2012. Evaluation of soybean genotypes for resistance to three seedborne diseases. Plant Health Progress: Online (DOI: 10.1094/PHP-2012-0321-02-RS). Mengistu, A., Arelli, P.A., Bond, J.P., Shannon, G.J., Wrather, A.J., Rupe, J.B., Chen, P., Little, C.R., Canaday, C.H., Newman, M.A., and Pantalone, V.R. 2011. Evaluation of soybean genotypes for resistance to charcoal rot. Plant Health Progress: Online (DOI: 10.1094/PHP-2010-0926-01-RS). Pedrozo, R., and Little, C.R. 2012. Identification and characterization of soybean seedborne fungi in Kansas. Phytopathology 102: S4.91 Pedrozo, R. and Little, C.R. APSnet Image of the Week (February 14-28, 2012). "Phomopsis seed decay." APS publication number: FI00147; http://www.apsnet.org/publications/imageresources/Pages/FI00147 .aspx Peltier, A.J., Bradley, C.A., Chilvers, M.I., Malvick, D.K., Mueller, D.S., Wise, K.A., Esker, P.D. 2012. Biology, yield loss, and control of Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean. Journal of Integrated Pest Management 3(2):B1-B7. Chilvers, M.I. and Serven, B.L. Submitted Nov-12-12. Foliar fungicide efficacy on brown spot of soybeans in Michigan, 2012. Plant Disease Management Reports. Mueller, D., Wise, K., Dufalt, N., Bradley, C. and Chilvers, M.I. (Edited) 2013. Fungicides for Field Crops. APS Press. 120 pages. Chilvers, M.I. 2012. Molecular diagnostics in plant disease diagnostic clinics&whats the status? (Editorial) Fungal Genomics and Biology. 2:e102. doi:10.4172/2165-8056.1000e102 Chilvers, M.I., Warner, F.W., Jacobs, J.L. and Wang, J. 2012. Efficacy of nematicide and fungicide seed treatments for soybean cyst nematode and soybean sudden death syndrome in Michigan, 2011. Plant Disease Management Reports. 6:ST003 Chilvers, M.I., Jacobs, J.L. and Boyse, J.F. 2012 2012. Triazole foliar fungicide efficacy on Septoria brown spot in soybeans in Michigan, 2011. Plant Disease Management Reports. 6:FC026 Extension articles in 2012-13 Chilvers, M.I. Phytoplasma (aster yellows) identified on Michigan soybeans. MSU Extension News, Oct, 4, 2012. Chilvers, M.I. Soybean vein necrosis-associated virus (SVNaV) confirmed in Michigan. MSU Extension News, Sep, 13, 2012. Picked up by Plant Management Network Sept, 20, 2012. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/php/news/2012/SVNaV/ Chilvers, M.I. Management of soybean white mold: iTunes podcast now available. MSU Extension News, July, 30, 2012. Chilvers, M.I. et al. Drought: Implications for near-term management decisions in field crops Fungicides: To spray or not to spray? MSU Extension News, July, 5, 2012. Chilvers, M.I., Jacobs, J., and Rojas, A. Multiple Pythium species associated with soybean and corn seedling disease in Michigan. MSU Extension News. May, 1, 2012. Chilvers, M.I. Soybean seedling disease study. Webcast, hosted at University of Nebraska Lincoln. Apr, 4, 2012. View... Robertson, A. and Chilvers, M. Soybean seedling disease study. Developed PowerPoint file in conjunction with Dr. Alison Robertson, Iowa State University to introduce the NIFA-CAP soybean oomycete project and provide introduction to soybean seedling diseases. The file was distributed to the oomycete extension network for use in winter meetings. Jan, 11, 2012. Kolander, T.M., Bienapfl, J.C., Kurle, J.E., and Malvick, D.K. 2012. Symptomatic and asymptomatic host range of Fusarium virguliforme, the causal agent of soybean (Glycine max) sudden death syndrome. Plant Disease 96:1148-1153. J. C. Bienapfl, C. M. Floyd, J. A. Percich, and D. K. Malvick. 2012. First report of Clonostachys rosea causing root rot of soybean in the United States. Plant Disease. 96:1700. Peltier, A.J., Bradley, C.A., Chilvers, M.I., Malvick, D.K., Mueller, D.S., Wise, K.A., Esker, P.D. 2012. Biology, yield loss, and control of Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean. Journal of Integrated Pest Management. 3(2):B1-B7. Chen, S., Kurle, J., Sun, M., Naeve, S., Wyse, D., and Stahl, E. 2012. Preceding Crops Affected Soybean Iron-deficiency Chlorosis and Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Soybean Cyst Nematode Infested Fields. Crop Sci. doi: 10.2135/cropsci2012.03.0170; Published online 8 Oct. 2012. 53:1-10. Gillitzer, P., Martin, A.C., Kantar, M., Kauppi,K.L., Dahlberg, S., Lis, D., Kurle, J., Sheaffer, C., and Wyse, D. 2012.Optimization of screening of native and naturalized plants from Minnesota for antimicrobial activity. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 6:938-949. Abstracts and Posters Malvick, D. K., Curland, R. D., Ishimaru, C. A. 2012. Widespread distribution of Gosss bacterial leaf blight and wilt of corn and potential variation in virulence of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis in Minnesota. Sorur, A. Y., Warner, Reinhardt, A., T., Pfaff, M., Bond, J. P., Leonardo, L, Malvick., D.K, Fakhoury, A. M.. 2012. Profiling microbial communities in soils of SDS-infested sybean fields using next-generation sequencing. Rojas, A., Jacobs, J., Bradley, C. A., Esker, P. D., Giesler, L., Jardine, D., Nelson, B. D.,. Malvick, D. K, Markell, S., Robertson, A. E, Rupe, J. C, Sweets, L., Wise, K. A., Chilvers, M. I.. 2012. Survey of oomycete species associated with soybean seedling diseases in the United States. Anderson, G., Zumwalde, C., Brose, I., and Kurle, J.E. 2012. Increase in Phytophthora sojae virulence and number of pathotypes in Minnesota in the period 1984 to 2011. Phytopathology. 102(Suppl. 5):S5.1. Barbeau, A., Martin, A., Anderson , G., Kurle , J. E., Wyse, D., Use of in-vitro and colorimetric techniques to assay extracts from indigenous plant species for antifungal properties. Phytopathology. 102(Suppl. 5):S5.1. Publications Refereed Journals: Hobbs, H. A., Domier, L. L. and Nelson, B. D. 2012. First Report of Alfalfa mosaic virus and Soybean dwarf virus on Soybean in North Dakota. Plant Dis. 96:1829 Nelson, B.D., Bolton , M. D., Lopez-Nicora, H. D., and Niblack, T. L. 2012. First confirmed report of Heterodera schachtii in North Dakota. Plant Dis. 96:772. Abstracts Ameen, G., del Rio-Mendoza , L., Nelson, B. D. 2012. Characterization of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sensitivity to metconazole in North Central United States. Phytopathology 102:S4.4 Poromarto, S. H., Nelson, B. D., Goswami, R. S., Welsh, M. 2012. Reproduction of soybean cyst nematode on accessions of the core collection of Phaseolus vulgaris. Phytopathology 102:S4.93 A. Rojas, J. Jacobs, C. A. Bradley, P. D. Esker, L. Giesler, D. Jardine, B. D. Nelson, D. K. Malvick, S. Markell, A. E., Robertson, J. C. Rupe, L. Sweets, K. A. Wise, and M. I. Chilvers. 2012. Survey of oomycete species associated with soybean seedling diseases in the United States. Phytopathology 102:S4.102 Zitnick-Anderson, K. and Nelson Jr., B. D. 2012. Characterization and identification of Pythium from soybean roots in North Dakota. Phytopathology 102:S4.145 Zitnick-Anderson, K., and Nelson Jr., B. D. 2012. Stimulation of sexual structure production by Pythium. Phytopathology 102:S4.145 Knodel, J., McMullen, M., Markell, S., Ashley, R., Endres, G., Waldstein, D., Larson, C., and Nelson, D. 2012. Integrated pest management survey for insect and disease pests of oilseed crops in North Dakota. Proceedings of the 7th International IPM Symposium. Memphis, TN. March 27-29, 2012. Qiu, C. and Nelson, B. D. 2012. Genetic Variation and Aggressiveness of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the United States. Proceedings of the 2012 Sclerotinia Initiative Annual Meeting, Bloomington, MN, January 18-20, 2012. http://www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/ad_hoc/54000000WhiteMoldResearch/2012/2012%20Sclerotinia%20Initiative%20Meeting%20Booklet3.pdf Popular Press articles: Nelson, B., and Markell, S. 2012. A season for SCN. The North Dakota Soybean Grower Magazine 1(2):16-17. Wang, H., Wijeratne, A., Wijeratne, S., Lee, S., Taylor, C., St. Martin, S.K., McHale, L., and Dorrance, A.E. 2012. Dissection of two soybean QTL conferring partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae through sequence and gene expression analysis. BMC Genomics.2012, 13:428. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-428. Costamilan, L.M., Clebsch, C.C., Soares, R.M., Seixas, C.D.S., Godoy, C.V., and Dorrance, A.E. 2012. Diversity of Phytophthora sojae pathotypes from Brazil. European J. of Plant Pathol. DOI: 10.1007/s10658-012-0128-9. Nguyen, V.T., Vuong, T.D., VanToai, T., Lee, J.D., Wu, X., Mian M.A.Rouf, Dorrance, A.E., Shannon, J.G., and Nguyen, H.T. 2012. Mapping of quantitative trait loci associated with resistance to Phytophthora sojae and flooding tolerance in soybean. Crop Sci. 52:2481-2493. Ellis, M.L., Wang, H., Paul, P., St. Martin, S.K., McHale, L., and Dorrance, A.E. 2012. Identification of soybean genotypes resistant to Fusarium graminearum and genetic mapping of resistance quantitative trait loci in the cultivar Conrad. Crop Sci. 52:2224-2233. Ellis, M.L., Paul, P.A., Broders, K.D., and Dorrance, A.E. 2012. Two new species of Pythium, P. schmitthenneri and P. selbyi pathogens of corn and soybean in Ohio. Mycologia 104: 477-487. Wang, H., St. Martin, S.K., and Dorrance, A.E. 2012. Comparison of phenotypic methods and yield contributions of quantitative trait loci for partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae in soybean. Crop Science 52:609-622. Luster, D.G., McMahon, M.B., Edwards, H.H., Boerma, B.L., Lewis Ivey, M.L., Miller, S.A., and Dorrance, A.E. 2012. Novel Phakopsora pachyrhizi extracellular proteins are ideal targets for immunological diagnostic assays. AEM 78:3890-3895. Smith, D.L. Fritz, C. Watson, Q. Willis, D.K. German, T.L. Phibbs, A., Mueller, D., Dittman, D., Saalau-Rojas, E., Whitham, S.A. 201x. First Report of Soybean Vein Necrosis Disease Caused by Soybean vein necrosis-associated virus in Wisconsin and Iowa. Plant Dis. In press. Abd-Elmagid, A., Garrido, P.A., Hunger, R., Lyles, J.L., Mansfield, M.A., Gugino, B.K., Smith, D.L., Melouk, H.A., Garzon, C.D. 201x. Discriminatory simplex and multiplex PCR for four species of the genus Sclerotinia. Journal of Microbiological Methods in press. Extension MacGuidwin, A. and Smith, D.L. 2012. Soil Testing for Nematodes. Soy Sentinel. Vol. 9. No. 3. Smith, D.L. and Willis, D.K. 2012. A New Virus of Soybean Confirmed in Wisconsin. Wisconsin Crop Manager. http://ipcm.wisc.edu/wcm/ October 18, 2012. Smith, D.L. and Phibbs, A. 2012. New Phytophthora spp. Causing Root Rot on Soybean in Wisconsin. Wisconsin Crop Manager. http://ipcm.wisc.edu/wcm/ October 2.

Impact Statements

Soybean production continues to play a prominent role in US agriculture. It is the number one crop in terms of harvested acres in several North Central states and second only to corn in value of production. Over the last 6 years the cash market value of soybeans has more than doubled from 20.5 billion dollars in 2006 to 43.2 billion dollars in 2012. With rising production value, new markets for green energy, and soybean oil replacing crude oil in industrial processes, there is a greater demand to improve yield and quality. Soybean yields have remained relatively steady since 2002, with average yields of 41.9 and 39.6 bu/A reported for 2011 and 2012, respectively (NASS, USDA). The frequency and spread of soybean diseases has played a role in these stagnant yields in several production areas within the North Central region.

Date of Annual Report: 06/30/2014

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 03/04/2014 - 03/05/2014
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2013 - 09/01/2014

Participants

Brief Summary of Minutes

See attached "Copy of Minutes" file for NCERA212 (aka NCERA137)'s 2013/2014 annual report.