Annual/Termination Reports:

[10/05/2009] [11/06/2009] [11/15/2011] [11/13/2012] [10/07/2013]

Report Information

Participants

Collison, Delany, Erf, Heidari, Hillman (Administrative Advisor), Juul-Madsen, Keeler, Klasing, Koci, Lamont (Secretary), Parcells, Parmentier, Qureshi (CSREES Liaison), Rath, Rodriquez-LeCompte, Scott, Sharif, Taylor, van der Poel, van Ginkell, Wakenell (Chair);
Guests: Ashwell, Dalloul, Dawes, Dreschler, Irizarry, Lillehoj

Brief Summary of Minutes

The meeting was hosted in Washington DC at the Waterfront Building by Dr. Muquarrab Qureshi, with co-hosting of special events (special dinner and ARS-Beltsville site tour) by Dr. Hyun Lillehoj.

October 5, 2008

The meeting opened with a 6:00 p.m. reception at the Waterfront Building for members and guests, with delectable homemade food and an opportunity for scientists to informally network.

October 6 - 7, 2008

Dr. Qureshi, CSREES Liaison, welcomed the group.

Meeting participants introduced themselves.

Dr. Meryl Broussard, Deputy Administrator, Plant and Animal Systems, CSREES, delivered greetings from the agency.

Annual station reports were delivered by the members in attendance, and introductions to their research were given by the guests in attendance, on October 6 and 7.

In the afternoon of October 6, participants took a bus tour of the USDA-ARS Beltsville facilities, which ended by meeting at a restaurant where participants received written information about ARS programs and had a program of informative overviews of these programs by several administrators.

Business meeting

The Business meeting opened at 8:05 a.m. on October 7, 2008.

1. Dr. Peter Johnson reviewed the transition to the Agriculture and Food Institute (AFRI). Programs will be posted on the web in November, with the first deadlines in March 2009. Projects can be integrated or 100% research, teaching or extension. Grants are more flexible, with times up to 5 years (some, 10 years). The Indirect Cost Rate is raised to 22% maximum. A minimum of 30% of the money will go to Integrated proposals. The system is changing to Adobe-based, rather than PureEdge. Section 1433 (Animal Health Formula Funds) of $5 million was zeroed out by the President and the Senate kept it at zero. The fate is currently not known and there is a question as to whether these funds might instead go to rural veterinary student loan repayments.

2. Dr Brad Hillman (Administrative Advisor; Director for Research at Rutgers University) introduced his background as a plant virologist and expressed his sincere interest in working with this multi-state research project. He indicated that the new project (NE-1034) commenced as of October 1, 2008.

3. Taylor announced that he would not chair the re-write committees for this project in the future, and was thanked for his excellent efforts in doing so in the past.

4. Scott volunteered to compile (from the members contributions) the 5-year termination report, and to submit it.

5. Klasing moved and van Ginkel seconded that Lamont would move from secretary to chair position in 2009. Motion approved by voice vote.

6. Scott moved and Lamont seconded that Rodriguez-LeCompte serve as secretary in 2009. Motion approved by voice vote.

7. Discussion was held on potential locations for the future meetings.

2009: Arkansas (Erf) with Purdue and Wakenell as back-up location, avoiding the dates of the European Breeders Roundtable. (NOTE: Erf later confirmed the ability to host the meeting in 2009 with dates to be announced after the football schedule is published.)
2010: Delaware (Keeler) with Denmark and the Netherlands as backup locations.
2011: Cornell (Schat).
2012 ADOL (Heidari).

Meetings should be held after October 1, the start of the federal fiscal year.

8. Taylor moved, and Purcells seconded, that the following scientists be invited to membership in the NE-1034 Technical Committee: Dawes, Dreschler and Irizarry of Western University, Ashwell of NCSU, and Dalloul of Virginia Tech. Motion approved by unanimous vote. Invitees were reminded of their duties as members: annual written reports each year, participation in annual meetings of the Technical Committee, and submission of the proper paperwork through their Experiment Station (or through the committees administrative advisor, if they are not at an AES).

9. The meeting hosts, Qureshi and Lillehoj, were recognized by the participants for their outstanding hospitality, delicious meals, and arrangement of educational tours.

Meeting adjourned at 9:14 a.m.

Accomplishments

Publications

Impact Statements

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Report Information

Participants

Technical Committee Members present: Dalloul* (VA), Drechsler* (WU), Erf* (AR), Heidari* (USDA), Hillman (Administrative Advisor), Juul-Madsen* (DK), Klasing* (CA), Koci* (NC), Lamont* (IA, Chair), Miller* (CH), Parcells* (DE), Qureshi (NIFA Representative), Sharif* (ON), Taylor* (NH, Secretary), van Ginkel* (AL), Wakenell*(IN), Zhou* (TX);

Technical Committee Members absent: Ashwell* (NC), Delany (CA), Keeler*(DE), Rodriguez-LeCompte (MB), Schat* (NY), Scott (SC);

Collaborators/Guests present: Bowen, Cotter, Fulton, Golovan (DE), Heggen-Peay, Kapszinski, Lillehoj, Okimoto, Parmentier*(NL), Pevzner, Rath, Thi, van der Poel*(NL), Whitfill, several University of Arkansas poultry faculty and students

* = written annual station report submitted

Brief Summary of Minutes

The October 5, 2009 NE-1034 Technical Committee Business meeting was called to order at 8:00 a.m. by Chair Sue Lamont.

In the absence of the elected Secretary, Juan Carlos Rodriguez-LeCompte, Bob Taylor volunteered to assume the Secretary duties. The members further decided by acclamation that Bob Taylor would rotate as the 2010 Technical Committee Chair and Juan Carlos would serve as Secretary for that meeting.

NIFA Representatives Report

Muquarrab Qureshi, NIFA Representative, complemented the Technical Committee on the quality of the meeting. He discussed the October 1, 2009 change of CSREES to the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA). Dr. Roger Beachy, formerly of the Danforth Foundation, has been appointed by the President to be the first NIFA Director.

Dr. Rajiv Shah is the NIFAs Chief Scientist after prior service with the Gates Foundation. The structural composition of NIFA has not been finalized but all legislative authorities remain with the organization. The future agenda will be outcome driven rather than priority driven.

Administrative Advisors Report

Bradley Hillman, Administrative Advisor, observed that the NE-1034 Technical Committee provides clear evidence for outcomes of collaboration. He further indicated that newer members who join the project provide stimulus to the research effort in terms of technology and vigor.

Chair Sue Lamont acknowledged the hard work of Drs. Qureshi and Hillman.

Preparation of Chairs Report

Sue Lamont requested that all reports be provided to her as MS Word documents to facilitate preparation of the Chairs report.

Future Meetings

Mark Parcells will host the 2010 meeting at the University of Delaware. The membership voted to avoid, to the extent possible, a schedule conflict with the Avian Immunology Research Group in Budapest, Hungary on October 7  10, 2010.

2011 = Ton Schat will host at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY

2012 = Mohammad Heidari will host at ADOL, East Lansing, MI

Distribution of Station Reports

A question arose about distributing station reports to non-members. Sue Lamont suggested that non-members send their requests to the Chair by a specified deadline.

The Chair would forward these external requests to the members who then could provide or withhold their station reports.

Visitor Policy

Gisela Erf mentioned the policy for visitors. In prior years, visitors were added to a special invitation list. For 2009, the members were provided a list of those visitors who might attend the meeting. There was general agreement among the members that 1) this process should continue as it worked satisfactorily; and 2) future meetings would begin with official introduction of all attendees.

New Member

Sergei Golovan, University of Delaware, was nominated for Technical Committee membership by Shayan Sharif. Mark Parcells seconded the motion. Bob Taylor asked that Sergei be advised of the attendance policy and the membership responsibilities. Mark Parcells said that he and Calvin Keeler will communicate that information to Sergei.

Bob Taylor will mail the current address list to all members and collaborators with a stated deadline for additions and corrections. The updated list will then be distributed.

Other Business

Muquarrab Qureshi mentioned possible liaisons with other technical committees. He pointed out that the S-10 Technical Committee will hold a meeting in France with several dairy industry groups hosting the committee. He added the possibility of coordinating the NE-1034 meeting with international gatherings such as the Avian Immunology Research Group.

Bradley Hillman cautioned that Agricultural Experiment Station funds are not available for international travel.

Thanks

Sue Lamont thanked the following individuals and organizations:

Gisela Erf = meeting host

Jeannine Durdik = Welcome reception host

Tyson, Inc. = Sponsor

University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture = Sponsor

University of Arkansas Department of Poultry Science = Sponsor

Tyson Chair of Immunology = Sponsor

Gisela Erf thanked Sue Lamont for her service as Chair. She also recognized Sue for her eventful 2009 when she was elected a Poultry Science Association Fellow and won the PSA Embrex Award.

Bob Taylor moved to adjourn the meeting. Pat Wakenell seconded the motion which passed without opposition.

Accomplishments

<b>OBJECTIVE 1.</b> Identify and characterize genes and their relationships to disease resistance in poultry with an emphasis on the major histocompatibility complex as well as other genes encoding alloantigens, communication molecules and their receptors and other candidate systems.<br /> <p>Specialized poultry genetic lines for research were maintained at several stations (AR, CA, DK, IA, NC, NL, NY, USDA, VA). <br /> <p>CH demonstrated a role of BG1 in MHC-linked resistance to Mareks disease. The MHC B-region map was enriched with 46 genes in 242 kb (CH). CH, in collaboration with colleagues in Japan, has provided insights into the contribution of mutation, recombination and gene conversion to the diversity among 14 MHC -B haplotypes. CH and CA showed the order of genes to be: MHC-B  GC-rich region  MHC-Y  NOR. CH analyzed the structure of YF class I molecule and are also characterizing cells with natural killer activity. DK determined the sequence of the B21-like haplotypes B131 and BW1. MHC haplotypes were shown to affect susceptibility to the parasite, Ascaridia galli (DK). MHC was associated with SBRC antibody response and with body weight (NC). NL produced a more extensive description of MHC haplotypes in 12 layer lines. Proteomics of MD-infected spleens showed differential expression between B19 and B21 chickens (ON). VA cloned chicken IL-19 and the recombinant protein was shown to increase expression of Th2 cytokines in splenocytes and monocytes. Decreased expression of liver expressed protein-2 (LEAP-2) expression was correlated with high lesion scores from coccidiosis (VA). Infection with <i>E. praecox</i> decreased the expression of TLR-15, cathelidin and LEAP in gut tissue (VA). DK characterized variation in the region of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) gene that controls expression. QTL associated with anti-SRBC antibodies were identified (NC). QTL regions on GGA 3, 4, 5, 7, 26 and Z and a selection of candidate genes were shown to be associated with several immune-response parameters (NL). NH demonstrated differential gene expression between aortic tissue of lines of pigeons resistant or susceptible to atherosclerosis, and between right ventricles of broiler lines resistant or susceptible to ascites, and in embryonic tissues of high or low SRBC antibody selected lines treated with testosterone proprionate. IA profiled the transcriptional response of chicken macrophages to endotoxin. TX found that many miRNAs were differentially regulated during avian influenza virus (AIV) infection. Polymorphisms in the Mx gene were associated with virus titer in embryos and young broilers (TX). T cell responses to AIV and the corona virus, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were characterized in detail by WU. Transcriptional profiling of chicken gene expression during MDV cytolytic infection demonstrated differential patterns of immune response transcriptome between latent and cytolytic phases (USDA). Transcriptional response of chicken macrophages to several stimulants of toll-like receptors (TLRs) suggested that TLR15 in chickens may partly fill the role of mammalian TLR9 (IA). Investigation of MHC-matched but MD resistant and susceptible lines showed that the CD8+ T cell populations differed (USDA). Effect of genetic breed was demonstrated on the expression of immune-related genes in isolated heterophils, and in splenocytes of chickens either fed immunomodulators of challenged with <i>Salmonella enteritidis</i> (IA). Serological data from SPF flocks supported the hypothesis of latency as an important aspect of chicken infectious anemia virus pathogenesis (NY). Cytokines were shown to be differentially expressed in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets (ON).<br /> <p><b>OBJECTIVE 2.</b> Identify and characterize environmental, dietary and physiologic factors that modulate immune system development, optimal immune function and immune system related disease resistance and welfare in poultry genetic stocks.<br /> <p>Feeding of high dose dietary beta-glucans, compared to low dose or none, reduced coccidiosis lesions in young broilers (VA). Direct feeding of microbials (DFM) resulted in thymii that consume more energy, more rapid onset of anti-SRBC response, and decreased expression of Th1-related genes (NC). Organic and conventional diets were shown to induce differences in immune responses of layers (NL). Modulation of response to <i>E. coli</i> by yolk was demonstrated (CA). The two-generation model of sub-clinical vitamin A deficiency effects on bursa was further characterized (CA). Challenge with airborne antigens initiated changes in immune response and heart morphology in broilers (NL). Antibiotic-induced absence of Gram-negative bacteria in the gut of young chickens was shown to result in a lower systemic antibody response to model antigens (NL). Natural antibody levels (Nab) were related to risk of mortality (NL). Comparison of broilers and layers at the same age showed mixed (high/low) relative relationships of response with type of chicken (NL). Inflammatory components were shown to affect natural antibody binding characteristics (NL). NL estimated NAb heritabilities to be about 0.30. Differentially expressed genes were identified in cecal tonsils of broilers infected with <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> (TX); the expression profile differs between resistant and susceptible genetic lines and between resistant and susceptible individuals within each line. Gene expression and histopathology were characterized during the development of vitiligo in Smyth line (SL) chickens (AR). Various environmental triggers of vitiligo in the SL were examined (AR). Different strains of MDV were shown to induce different percentages of vitiligo in the SL chickens (AR, USDA). MDV isolated from a quail cell line was shown to be similar to JM strain in pathogenesis in quail and chickens. The full length pp38 expression was shown to be important for the development of MDV tumors (NY). Collaboration among ON, NY and USDA developed an aerosol model of MDV infection. Study of lung tissue showed induction of innate host responses to MDV infection (NY, USDA, ON).<br /> <p><b>OBJECTIVE 3.</b> Develop, evaluate and characterize methodologies, reagents and genotypes to assess immune function and disease resistance to enhance production efficiency through genetic selection in poultry.<br /> <p>AR continued characterization of the feather pulp as an <i>in vivo</i> test tube. With involvement in the Turkey Genome Sequencing project, VA has initiated analysis of immune-response elements in the turkey. The CFSE proliferation method was proven useful for studying vaccine-induced antigen-specific T cell responses in the chicken (DK). Assay optimization for macrophage and T cell activity was conducted (WU). A T cell epitope of AIV was shown to be recognized by chicken T cells (ON). DE characterized the Meq oncogene of MDV, regarding selection for expression, recombination, virus replication, tumor incidence, and pathogenicity. DE conducted immunophenotypic analyses of RB-1B and 1137-transformed cell lines. WU constructed a coronavirus vector for AIV by reverse genetics. The immune responses to IBV in the Harderian gland and cecal tonsils of immunocompetent chickens and chickens infected with chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) and/or infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was compared (AL). Response to <i>in ovo</i> vaccination against AIV Ad5-H5 was characterized (AL). The conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) in chickens was characterized by FACS and immunohistochemistry (AL). NC developed a peptide antibody to turkey iNOS.

Publications

Impact Statements

1. Several genes were cloned, sequenced and/or characterized for their function in immune response and resistance to disease in poultry. Additionally, QTL and differentially expressed genes were identified for immune response and disease-resistance traits. These may be used as markers for genetic selection and/or for production of recombinant proteins to improve health.
2. Dietary immunomodulators were found to influence immune response and, therefore, may be fed to enhance immunity or reduce pathology in poultry.
3. Essential reagents such as recombinant proteins, antibodies, and characterized pathogen strains, as well as unique, validated assays for use in poultry, will enhance scientific investigations into genetics of immunity and resistance to disease. Identification of specific immunogenic and protective epitopes may lead to rational development of vaccines.

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Report Information

Participants

Technical Committee Members present:;
Dalloul* (VA); Erf* (AR, Secretary); Rodriguez-LeCompte(MB); Heidari* (USDA); Juul-Madsen*(DK); Klasing*(CA); Koci*(NC); Lamont* (IA); Parcells*(DE); Qureshi (NIFA Representative); Schat* (NY); Taylor* (NH); van Ginkel*(AL); Wakenell*(IN); Zhou*(TX, Chair)

Technical Committee Members absent:

;Ashwell*(NC); Delany (CA); Dreshsler (WC); Keeler (DE); Scott (SC); Sharif*(ON); Miller* (CH)

Collaborators/Guests present:

;Collisson*(WU); Cotter, Fulton, Sun*(NL); Vries (NL); Parmentier*(NL); Pevzner, Ansah, Berres (UW)

* = written annual station report submitted

Brief Summary of Minutes

October 30, 2011

NE-1034 Business meeting  8:30 am

1. Report from NIFA  Dr. Muquarrab Qureshi
Dr. Qureshi reminded the technical committee members that the current NE-1034 Project expires in 2013 and that formation of a writing team for renewal should be considered at this meeting. The project will need to be submitted in 2012.

Regarding NIFA:

- NIFA is still in transition leadership; the first presidentially-appointed Director of NIFA, Dr. Roger Beachy, resigned May 2011. The current acting Director is Chavonda Jacobs-Young. The Director of NIFA needs to be appointed by the President; currently there are three candidates being interviewed.

- The Farm Bill is being drafted, there are challenges with reductions; $25 Billion are expected to be cut from the current Farm Bill as part of the deficit reductions over the next 10 years.

- Challenge grants are being written up for 2011 and 2012 together.

- Foundational RFAs will go out soon, in 2013 the program will likely be revisited.

- New collaboration between NIFA and other funding agencies: RFA for Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases releases with NIH and NSF; Genomics /bioinformatics program discussed with NSF;

- New working group on animal genetics/genomics, possibly with Europe and US collaboration

- Lakshmi Matukumalli hired as National Program Leader for Animal Breeding, Genetics and Genomics

- NIFA in turn-over, people ready to retire and will not be replaced

Dr. Qureshi is excited to continue the partnership with this technical committee.

2. Nomination for secretary for the 2012 NE-1034 meeting:

Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Lecompte was nominated and approved as the secretary for the 2012 NE-1034 meeting;

Gisela Erf, current secretary, will be Chair of the 2012 meeting.

3. Next years meeting will be at ADOL, East Lansing, Michigan; Mohammad Heidari will be host.

4. Discussion regarding 2013 meeting venue:

Mary Delany and Kirk Klasing offered to host the 2013 meeting at UC-Davis, Davis, California; it was noted that the Avian Immunology Research Group (AIRG) meeting may be held at UC-Davis in 2014; hence, it was decided to coordinate the 2014 NE-1034 meeting with the AIRG meeting at UC-Davis.

Matt Koci offered to host the 2013 NE-1034 meeting at North Carolina State University in Raleigh, NC; Nomination to host the 2013 meeting at NC-Sate was approved.

5. Huaijun Zhou, Chair of the 2011 NE-1034 meeting, reminded everyone to send their NE-1034 report as a Microsoft Word file to him so that he can prepare the annual report. A short paragraph summarizing this years report would be helpful as well.

6. The group acknowledged and thanked Ton Schat and Laura Stenzler for their outstanding hospitality and efforts in hosting the 2011 NE-1034 meeting. The group also thanked the sponsors of the meeting Cobb Vantress, represented by Dr. Igal Pevzner, and Hendrix Genetics, represented by Dr. George Ansah, for their generous contributions in support of the meeting.

7. Discussion regarding the project renewal

The new proposal, as well as, a termination report, will need to be submitted in late 2012.

Gisela Erf will be coordinator of these efforts and will be contacting Dr. Bradley Hillman for specifics. Gisela will send the current Objectives to technical committee members for review and possible revision.

For the project renewal, she will coordinate efforts with Rami Dalloul, Kirk Klasing and Huaijun Zhou who will be writing Objective 1, 2 and 3, respectively.

The cooperation of individual members to summarize their contributions towards each objective for the coordinators in a timely fashion will be essential for this effort to go smoothly.

Bob Taylor reminded the group that for the project renewal and termination reports there are specific sections that are limited in length based on number of characters. To be sure to be within limits, he advised the coordinators to look at each section and divide the number of allowed characters by the number of people that are contributing; he also advised that members should provide short, simple statements about outputs and outcomes of their research. There will need to be a firm deadline for all to get their information together in a timely manner.

Mark Parcells suggested formation of a Google.doc set-up so everyone can have access to the developing document and upload their information. The coordinator agreed to try, but may drop this approach if contributors encounter problems.

8. New member nominations: Dr. Mark Berres, Assistant Professor of Avian Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, University of WisconsinMadison was nominated; nomination was accepted. Mark will need to follow up with the appropriate paper work through his experiment station.

9. Bob Taylor acknowledged Dr. Briles continued activity in research. Asked everyone to sign a birthday card for his 94th birthday.

10. A list was sent around to update email information of members. Bob Taylor will distribute an updated list to everyone.

Meeting adjourned at 9:25 am 10/30/2011

Accomplishments

OBJECTIVE 1. Identify and characterize genes and their relationships to disease resistance in poultry with an emphasis on the major histocompatibility complex as well as other genes encoding alloantigens, communication molecules and their receptors and other candidate systems.<br /> <br /> CA demonstrated impact of MHC on IBV associated clinical illness. The resistance to IBV was greater for chicks with the B2/B2 and B5/B5 than the B12/B12 and B19/B19 MHC haplotype. Response of macrophages to IFN³, and Poly I:C differ with haplotype, correlating with viral resistance, and macrophages of B2 homozygous birds are consistently more responsive to both poly I:C and IFN³ than macrophages from the B19 homozygous birds (CA). To increase understanding of avian epithelial cell proteins involved in these processes, membrane proteins from the LMH hepatocellular carcinoma cell line were isolated. The study identified 318 unique integral membrane proteins (IMPs), 265 unique membrane-associated proteins (MAPs), and an additional group of 784 non-membrane proteins (NMPs) among the TX-114 enriched proteins. The data also experimentally confirmed 355 proteins presently annotated in IPI and the chicken genome database (build 2.1) as either hypothetical or putative uncharacterized proteins (CH). CH and DK also developed an assay for analyzing promoter/enhancer activity at the mannose binding lectin (MBL) locus. CH and TX demonstrated trisomy mapping and aCGH can be combined for assigning additional sequences to GGA 16. IA found NLRC5 knock-down negatively mediates expression of IFNA and IFNB in the chicken macrophage HD11 cell line. Transcriptional profiling in broiler liver with SE infection, and in broiler leukocytes with E. coli were analyzed (IA). NC Identified and characterized turkey iNOS, CD8alpha and its expression in the intestinal epithelium following infection with turkey astrovirus type-2 (TAstV-2). Gene expression in the embryonic immune tissue from high (HAS) and low (LAS) SRBC antibody selected lines exposed to testosterone propionate was examined (NH). USDA conducted comparative transcriptional profiling of gene expression in rMd5 and rMd5Dmeq-infected chickens, and identified and characterized of MDV gene(s) associated with bursal-thymic atrophy. VA evaluated genetic resistance to clostridial toxin in chicken selected for low (LA) or high (HA) antibody response to SRBC, and avian Nod1 and IL-22 were characterized. Serum protein profile of broilers as influenced by genetic background and Eimeria sp. was analyzed (VA). MHC haplotypes in the 29th generation of the Wageningen selection lines was examined (WU).<br /> <br /> <br /> OBJECTIVE 2. Identify and characterize environmental, dietary and physiological factors that modulate immune system development, optimal immune function and immune system related disease resistance and welfare in poultry genetic stocks.<br /> <br /> CA examined the mechanism by which the immunomodulatory nutrients lutein and n-3 PUFA affect inflammation. Both lutein and n-3 PUFA were found to blunt LPS-induced PPAR± and RXR± downregulation. The effects of lutein appear to have an epigenetic component that allows this immunomodulation and continue after withdrawal for at least one year. In order to better understand critical components leading to vitiligo development, Transcriptomic gene-expression analysis in growing feathers throughout the course of vitiligo development in SL chickens was analyzed (AR). The gene expression of proteins related to melanocyte activities prior to and at onset of SLV were examined, and the results suggest altered melanocyte activity and evidence of cellular stress at the transcriptome level in melanocytes from SL chickens that were going to develop vitiligo compared to those that were not (AR). DK also demonstrated MBL is involved in the regulation of the adaptive immune response, and may serve as an adjuvant for vaccine development. The effects of heat stress in ovo or on chicks including Fayoumi, broiler and AIL of the broiler-Fayoumi cross were tested, and data were collected on growth, body temperature, natural antibodies (with P. Cotter), blood gas parameters (IA). The ability of TLR ligands to stimulate immune responses in chickens and efficacy to protect chickens against avian influenza virus, and MD vaccination were examined (UG). The IFN-gamma can positively influence immunity conferred by HVT vaccination against challenge with a very virulent Mareks disease virus (vvMDV) in chickens (UG). Gene expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4, MyD88, TRIF, and IL-4 in chicken B lymphoma cell line DT40 exposed to LBP and LPS was examined, and intestinal immune responses and gene expression of broilers chickens fed with yeast derivate carbohydrate were investigated (MB). High-throughput proteomic analysis in chicken lung with avian influenza virus infection by MASS spectrometry was studied and host innate response to Campylobacter jejuni infection in the broiler bursa using systems biology approach was analyzed (TX). The effect on performance and innate immunity with in ovo probiotics treatment was evaluated (VA). Effects of husbandry on immune responsiveness of chickens from the Wageningen High and Low (and Control) selection lines were investigated, and immuno-modulation of the immune response, especially via the innate immune system, with special emphasis on Natural antibodies, probiotics and PAMPs., natural antibodies in chickens, divergent selection of layers to SRBC, and relationship between immunity and behavior were studied (WU).<br /> <br /> <br /> OBJECTIVE 3. Develop, evaluate and characterize methodologies, reagents and genotypes to assess immune function and disease resistance to enhance production efficiency through genetic selection in poultry.<br /> <br /> Specialized poultry genetic lines for research were maintained at several stations (AR, CA, DK, IA, NC, NL, USDA, VA). <br /> AR identified changes in serum peptides and proteins of chickens with tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) for use as possible biomarkers. DE characterized Meq effect on MDV replication, and tumor composition, and the role of spliced products of Meq in latency and transformation, and effect of mutation in glycoprotein on MDV virulence. Intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) combined with flow cytometry was proven useful method to assess antigenspecific T cell responses (DK). The recombinant chicken interferon-gamma for incorporation into vaccines was generated (UG). NC demonstrated recombinant cell line for the detection of avian CXCL8 (IL-8) bioactivity was developed. VA has recently completed sequencing of additional BAC clones to provide additional coverage of MG18 (MHC) and the Z chromosome. These sequences are currently being incorporated into the latest turkey assembly (UMD 4.0) that will cover over 95% of the genome.<br />

Publications

PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS<br /> <br /> Addison, B., R.E. Ricklefs, and K.C. Klasing. 2010. Do maternally derived antibodies and early immune experience shape the adult immune response? Functional Ecology. 24:824-829.<br /> <p>Alizadeh, M., A. Rogiewicz , H. Echeverry, J.C. Rodriguez-Lecompte, and B.A. Slominski. 2011. The effects of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and yeast-derived products on growth performance and gut morphology of broilers. Poult. Sci. Vol. 90 E-Suppl 1:58 (Abstract 206)*.<br /> <p>Al-Rubaye, A. A. K., N. B. Anthony, G. F. Erf, R. F. Wideman, and D. D. Rhoads. 2011. Using quantitative PCR to investigate three candidate genes related to pulmonary hypertension in the chicken. Poult. Sci. <br /> <p>Anderson, J. L., S. C. Smith and R. L. Taylor, Jr. 2011. Spontaneous atherosclerosis in pigeons: A good model of human disease. Pages xx-yy In: Atherogenesis. A. Lazinica, (ed.) InTech, Inc., Rijeka, Croatia (Review) (in press).<br /> <br /> Ardia, D. R., H. K. Parmentier, and L. A. Vogel. 2011. The role of constraints and limitation in driving individualvariation in immune response. Functional Ecology. 25:61-73.<br /> <br /> Berghof, T.V. L., G. De Vries Reilingh, M. G. B. Nieuwland, and H.K. Parmentier. 2010. Effect of aging andrepeated intratracheal challenge on levels of cryptic and overt natural antibodies in poultry. PoultryScience. 89:227-235.<br /> <br /> Bergstra,T.J., K. Smeets, M.G.B. Nieuwland, and H. K. Parmentier. 2010. In vivo and in vitro post translationalpolymorphism of chicken natural auto-antibodies. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 34:821-827.<br /> <br /> Biscarini, F., H. Bovenhuis, J. A. M. Van Arendonk, H. K. Parmentier, A. P. Jungerius, and J. J. Van DerPoel Across-line SNP association study of innate and adaptive immune response in laying hens. 2010. Animal Genetics. 41(1):2638.<br /> <br /> Biscarini, F., H. Bovenhuis , J. van der Poel , T. B. Rodenburg ,A. P. Jungerius, and J. A. M. van Arendonk . 2010. Across-Line SNP Association Study for Direct and Associative Effects on Feather Damage inLaying Hens. Behav <br /> Genet. 40:715727.<br /> <br /> Brady, J., A. Yitbarek, H. Echeverry, J.D. Hernandez-Doria, S. Sharif, W. Guenter, J.D. House, and J.C. Rodriguez-Lecompte. 2011. Toll-like receptors and cytokines profile of necrotic enteritis-producing of Clostridium perfringens from chickens fed organic diets supplemented with MOS. Poult. Sci. Vol. 90 E-Suppl 1:107 (Abstract 392) AAAP Abstract *<br /> <br /> Breedlove, C., J.K. Minc, D.C. Tang, V.L. van Santen, F.W. van Ginkel, and H. Toro. 2011. Avian influenza adenovirus-vectored in ovo vaccination: Target embryo tissues and combination Mareks Disease Vaccine. Avian Dis. (in press).<br /> <br /> Brisbin J.T., J. Gong, S. Orouji, J. Esufali, A.I. Mallick, P. Parvizi, P.E. Shewen, and S. Sharif. 2011. Oral treatment of chickens with lactobacilli influences elicitation of immune responses. Clin Vaccine Immunol. Sep:18(9):1447-55. Epub 2011 Jul 6. <br /> <br /> Byrne, K. A., L. Dong, N. Stepicheva, F. Shi, and G. F. Erf. 2011. Innate immune function in autoimmune-vitiligo-prone Smyth line and control chickens. Poult. Sci. <br /> <br /> Casterlow, S., H. Li, E.R. Gilbert, R.A. Dalloul, A.P. McElroy, D.A. Emmerson, and E.A.Wong. 2011. An antimicrobial peptide is downregulated in the small intestine of Eimeria maxima infected chickens. Poultry Science. 90:1212-1219. <br /> <br /> Chang S., J.R. Dunn, M. Heidari, L.F, Lee, C.W. Ernst, J. Song, and H. Zhang. 2011. Vaccine by chicken line interaction alters the protective efficacy against challenge with a very virulent plus strain of Mareks disease virus in white leghorn chickens. World J. Vaccine (submitted 9/26/11). <br /> <br /> Chazara O, H.R. Juul-Madsen, C-S Chang, M. Tixier-Boichard, and B. Bedhom. 2011. Correlation in chicken between the marker LEI0258 alleles and Major Histocompatibility Complex sequences. BMC Proc. Jun 3,5 Suppl 4:S29.<br /> <br /> Chuammitri, P., S.B. Redmond, K. Kimura, C.B. Andreasen, S.J. Lamont, and D. Pali. 2011. Heterophil functional responses to dietary immunomodulators vary in genetically distinct chicken lines. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.05.019.<br /> <br /> Ciraci, C.,and S.J. Lamont. 2011. Avian-specific TLRs and downstream effector responses to CpG-induction in chicken macrophages. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 35:392398.<br /> <br /> Coble, D. J., S. B. Redmond, B. Hale,and S.J. Lamont. 2011. Distinct lines of chickens express different splenic cytokine profiles in response to Salmonella enteritidis challenge. Poultry Sci. 90:16591663.<br /> <br /> Dalgaard,T. S., L. R. Norup, E.H. Wattrang, and H.R. Juul-Madsen . 2011. I ntracellular cytokine staining of IFN-³ in peripheral T cells from chickens vaccinated against Newcastle disease virus. Vaccine (Submitted).<br /> <br /> de Greeff, A., M. Huber, L. van de Vijver, W. Swinkels, H. Parmentier, and J. Rebel. 2010. Effect of organically andconventionally produced diets on jejunum physiology in chickens. Brit. J. Nutrition. 103: 696-702.<br /> <br /> Echeverry, H., A. Yitbarek, P. Munyaka, M. Alizadeh, P. Wang P, O K, and J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte J. C. 2011. Low inclusion of a blend of organic trace mineral (Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn) to broiler chickens diet is able to regulate oxidative stress. Poult. Sci. Vol. 90 E-Suppl 1:39 (Abstract 136) AAAP Abstract<br /> <br /> Erf, G. F. 20 Chicken models for vitiligo and other spontaneous autoimmune/autoinflammatory disorders. Pigment Cell & Melanoma Res. 24: 772.<br /> <br /> Gadde, U., H. D. Chapman, T. R. Rathinam, and G. F. Erf. 2011. Cellular immune responses, chemokines and cytokine profiles in turkey poults following infection with the intestinal parasite Eimeria adenoeides. Poult Sci. 90:2243-50.<br /> <br /> Gilbert, E. R., C. M.Cox., P. A. Williams, A. P. McElroy, R. A. Dalloul, A. Barri, and K. A. Ray. 2011. Emmerson D.A., Wong E.A., Webb K.E., Jr. Eimeria species and genetic background influence the serum protein profile of broilers with coccidiosis. PLoS One. 6(1): e14636. <br /> <br /> Gadde, U, H. D. Chapman, T. Rathinam, and G. F. Erf. 2011. Cellular immune responses, chemokine,and cytokine profiles in turkey poults following infection with the intestinal parasite Eimeria adenoeides. Poult. Sci. <br /> <br /> Haq, K., I. Elawadli, P. Parvizi, A. I. Mallick, S. Behboudi, and S. Sharif. 2011. Interferon-³ influences immunity elicited by vaccines against very virulent Marek's disease virus. Antiviral Res. Jun;90(3):218-26. <br /> <br /> Haq, K., T. Fear, A. Ibraheem, M. F. Abdul-Careem, and S. Sharif. Influence of vaccination with CVI988/Rispens on load and replication of a very virulent Mareks disease virus strain in feathers of chickens. (in press)<br /> <br /> Hermes, R G., E. G. Manzanilla, S.M. Martin-Orue, J. F. Perez, and K. C. Klasing. 2011. Influence of dietary ingredients on in vitro inflammatory response of intestinal epithelial cells challenged by an enterotoxigenic <br /> Escherichia coli (K88). Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases. 34:511-560.<br /> <br /> Huber, M., L. P. L. van de Vijver, H. Parmentier, H. Savelkoul, L. Coulier, S. Wopereis, E. Verheij, J. vander Greef, D. Nierop, and R. A. P. Hoogenboom. 2010. Effect of organically and conventionally produced feedon biomarkers of health in a chicken model. Brit. J. Nutrition. 103:663-676.<br /> <br /> Juul-Madsen, H. R., L. R. Norup, P. H. Jørgensen, K. J. Handberg, E. Wattrang, and T. S. Dalgaard. 2011. Crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune responses to Infectious bronchitis virus after vaccination and challenge in chickens varying in serum mannose-binding lectin concentration. Manuscript accepted for publication in Vaccine. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.016.<br /> <br /> Kerje, S., W. Ek, A.-S. Asahlquist, O. Ekwall, G. Erf, Ö. Carlborg, L. Andersson, and O. Kämpe. 2011. Genetic mapping of loci underlying vitiligo in the Smyth line chicken model. Pigment Cell & Melanoma Res. 24: 831. <br /> <br /> Klasing, K.C. 2011. Environmentally induced stochasticity of adaptive immunity. Good, bad, or ugly? Integrative and Comparative Biology. 51:70-79.<br /> <br /> Krishnamoorthy, S. R., F. Wideman, D. D. Rhoads, G. F. Erf and N. B. Anthony. 2 011. Validation of microsatellites linked to a candidate gene as markers for ascites and economically important traits in broilers. Poult. Sci. <br /> <br /> Kumar, S., C. Ciraci, S. B. Redmond, P. Chuammitri, C. B. Andreasen, D. Pali, and S. J. Lamont. 2011. Immune response gene expression in spleens of diverse chicken lines fed dietary immunomodulators. Poultry Sci. 90:10091013.<br /> <br /> Kumar, P. M., V. Arumugaswami, H. Dong, Y. Farnell, R. L. Dienglewicz, P. Tavlarides-Hontz, and M. S. Parcells. 2011. Spliced gene products of the Meq oncoprotein of Mareks disease virus (MDV) are expressed during latency, bind to the MDV genome, are potent transcriptional repressors and inducecellular proliferation. JVI, (in revision).<br /> <br /> Kumar, P. M., H. Dong, D. Lenihan, S. Gaddamanugu, U. Katneni, S. Shaikh, P. Tavlarides-Hontz, S.M. Reddy, W. Peters, and M. S. Parcells. 2011. Selection of a recombinant Mareks disease virus (MDV) in vivo through expression of the Meq oncoprotein: characterization of an MD5-based mutant expressing the Meq protein of RB-1b. Avian Dis., (Submitted).<br /> <br /> Lai, H. T. L., M.G.B. Nieuwland, B. Kemp, A.J.A. Aarnink, and H.K. Parmentier. 2011. Effects of repeated intratracheally administered lipopolysaccharide on primary and secondary specific antibody responses, and body weight gain of broilers. Poultry Science. 90: 337-357. <br /> <br /> Lammers, A.,W. H. Wieland, L. Kruijt, A. Jansma, T. Straetemans, A. Schots, G. den Hartog, and H.K. Parmentier. 2010. Successive immunoglobulin and cytokine expression in the small intestine of juvenile chicken. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 34:1254-1262. <br /> <br /> Leandro,N. M. , R. Ali, M. Koci, V. Moraes, R. Malheiros, M. J. Wineland, and E. O. Oviedo-Rondón. 2011. Broiler Breeder Feeding Programs and Trace Minerals on Maternal Antibody Transfer and Broiler Humoral Immune Response. British Poultry Science Journal. (Submitted).<br /> <br /> Leandro, N.M., R. Ali, M. Koci, V. Moraes, R. Malheiros, M. J. Wineland, and E. O. Oviedo-Rondón. 2011. Effects of Broiler Breeder Genetics, Diet Type, and Feeding Program on Maternal Antibody Transfer and Development of Lymphoid Tissues. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. (in press).<br /> <br /> Leandro, N. M. , R. Ali, M. Koci, V. Moraes, P. E. Eusebio-Balcazar, J. Jornigan, R. D. Malheiros, M. J. Wineland, J. Brake, and E. O. Oviedo-Rondón. 2011. Maternal Antibody Transfer to Broiler Progeny Varies Among Strains and Is Affected by Grain Source and Cage-Density. Poultry Science. (in press).<br /> <br /> Lee, L.F., H. Zhang, M. Heidari, B. Lupiani , and S. Reddy. 2011. Evaluation of factors affecting vaccine efficacy of recombinant Mareks disease virus lacking the meq oncogene in chickens. Avian Dis. 55:172-179.<br /> <br /> Lee, S.H., H. S. Lillehoj, S. I. Jang, C. Baldwin, D. Tompkins, B. Wagner, M. Parcells, E. Del Cacho, Y. H. Hong, W. Min, and E. P. Lillehoj. 2011. Characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies reactive with chicken interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (CD25). Vet. Immunol. and Immunopathol. doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.08.001 (in press).<br /> <br /> Li, S., E. Khafipour, D. Krause, J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte, and J.C. Plaizier. 2010. Free endotoxins in the feces of lactating dairy cows. Canadian Journal of Animal Sciences. 90:591-594.<br /> <br /> Li, X., C. L. Swaggerty, M. H. Kogut, H. Chiang, Y. Wang, K. J. Genovese, H. He, and H. Zhou. 2010. Cecal transcriptome analysis of colonized and non-colonized chickens within two genetic lines that differ in cecal colonization by Campylobacter jejuni. Animal Genetics. 42:491-500.<br /> <br /> Li X., C. L. Swaggerty, M. H. Kogut, H. Chiang, Y. Wang, K. J. Genovese, H. He, F. McCarthy, S. Burgess, Y. Pevzner,and H. Zhou. 2011. Systemic Response to Campylobacter jejuni Infection by Profiling Gene Transcription in the Spleens of Two Genetic Lines of Chickens. Immunogenetics (in press).<br /> <br /> Livingston, K.A., and K.C. Klasing. 2011. Retinyl palmitate does not have an adjuvant effect on the antibody response of chicks to keyhole limpet hemocyanin regardless of vitamin A status. Poultry Science. 90: 965-970.<br /> <br /> Mallick, A.I., K. Haq, J. T. Brisbin, M. F. Mian, R. R. Kulkarni, and S. Sharif. 2011. Assessment of bioactivity of a recombinant chicken interferon-gamma expressed using a baculovirus expression system. J Interferon Cytokine Res. Jun;31(6):493-500. <br /> <br /> Mallick , A.I., P. Parvizi, L. R. Read, E. Nagy, S. Behboudi, and S. Sharif. 2011. Enhancement of immunogenicity of a virosome-based avian influenza vaccine in chickens by incorporating CpG-ODN. Vaccine. Feb 11;29(8):1657-65.<br /> <br /> Meriwether, L. S., B. D. Humphrey, D.G. Peterson, K. C. Klasing, and E.A. Koutsos. 2010. Lutein exposure, in ovo or in the diet, reduces parameters of inflammation in the liver and spleen of laying-type chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus). Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 94:e115-e122.<br /> <br /> Meyerhoff, R., R. A. Ali, K. Liu, G-Q. Huang, and M. D. Koci. 2011. Comprehensive Analysis of Commercially Available Mouse Anti-Chicken Monoclonal Antibodies for Cross-Reactivity with Peripheral Blood Leukocytes from Commercial Turkeys. Poultry Science. (Submitted). <br /> <br /> Meyerhoff, R.R., P. K. Nighot, R. A. Ali, A. T. Blikslager, and M. D. Koci. 2011. Characterization of Turkey Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Identification of its Expression in the Intestinal Epithelium Following Astrovirus Infection. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology, and Infectious Diseases. (Submitted). <br /> <br /> Munyaka, P., G. Tactaman, O. K., House JD., and Rodriguez Lecompte J.C. 2011. Effects of dietary folic acid supplementation and Lipopolysaccharide on systemic acute immune response of young laying hens. Poult. Sci. Vol. 90 E-Suppl 1:71 (Abstract 262)*<br /> <br /> Munyaka, P., H. M. Echeverry, A. Yitbarek, G. Carmelo-Jaimes, S. Sharif , W. Guenter , J. D. House, and J.C. Rodriguez-Lecompte. 2011. Performance and innate immune system responses of chickens fed with yeast-derivate carbohydrates. Poult. Sci. Vol. 90 E-Suppl 1:71 (Abstract 261)*.<br /> <br /> Norup, L.R., T. S.Dalgaard, R. Pedersen, R. Asger R., .K. J. Handberg, P. H. Jørgensen, and H. R. Juul-Madsen. 2011. Assessment of Newcastle Disease specific T cell proliferation in different inbred MHC chicken lines. Scand J Immunol 74: 23-30. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02534.x.<br /> <br /> Palacios,M. G., D.W. Winkler, K. C. Klasing, D. Hasselquist, and C. M. Vleck. 2011. Consequences of immune system aging in nature: a study of immunosenescence costs in free-living Tree Swallows. Ecology. 92: 952-966.5. <br /> <br /> Parcells, M. S., J. Burnside, and R. W. Morgan. 2012. Mareks Disease Virus-induced T-cell Lymphomas. Chapter 13 in Current Cancer Research: Cancer Associated Viruses, E. Robertson (ed.) Springer Science and Business Media, LLC, ISBN 978-1-4419-9999-3<br /> <br /> Parmentier, H. K., G. de Vries Reilingh, P. Freke, R.E. Koopmanschap, and A. Lammers. 2010. Immunological and physiological differences between layer- and broiler chickkens after concurrent intratracheal<br /> administration of lipopolysaccharide and human serum albumin. Int. J. Poultry Sci. 9:574-583.<br /> <br /> Parvizi, P., A.I. Mallick, K. Haq, B. Schlegel, and S. Sharif. A Toll-like receptor 3 agonist (polyI:C) elicits innate host responses in the spleen and lungs of chickens. (in press).<br /> <br /> Ploegaert, T.C. W., E. Tijhaar, T. J. G. M. Lam, A. Taverne-Thiele, J. J. vander Poel, J.A.M. van Arendonk, H. F. J. Savelkoul, and H.K. Parmentier. Natural antibodies in bovine milk and blood plasma: variability among cows, repeatability within cows, and relation between milk and plasma titers. Vet <br /> Immunol. Immunopathol. (in press).<br /> <br /> Ploegaert,T.C.W., S. Wijga, E. Tijhaar, J.J. van der Poel, T. J. G. M. Lam, H. F. J. Savelkoul, H. K. Parmentier, and J.A.M. van Arendonk. 2010. Genetic variation of natural antibodies in milk of Dutch Holstein-Friesian cows. J. Dairy Science. 93:5467-5473.<br /> <br /> Ploegaert,T. C. W., B. J. Ducro, T. Verhoeven, J. J. van der Poel, T. J. G. M. Lam, H. K. Parmentier, J.A.M. van Arendonk, H. F. J. Savelkoul, and E. Tijhaar. Relation of natural antibodies with risk for mastitis and high somatic cell count in Dutch Holstein Friesian cows. J. Dairy Science. (Submitted)<br /> <br /> Qiu, R. , J. Croom, R. A. Ali, C. Ashwell, H. M. Hassan, C. C. Chiang, and M. D. Koci. 2011. Direct Fed Microbial Supplementation Repartitions Host Energy to the Immune System. Journal of Animal Science. (Submitted). <br /> <br /> Rasaputra, K.S., R. Liyanage, J. O. Lay Jr, F.M. McCarthy , and N.C. Rath. 2010. Tibial dyschondroplasia-associated proteomic changes in chicken growth plate cartilage. Avian Dis.54:1166-71.<br /> <br /> Rath N. C., K.S. Rasaputra, and others. 2011. Dithiocarbamate toxicity: an appraisal pp. 17-32 in: Pesticides in the Modern World - Effects of Pesticides Exposure. M. Stoytcheva, Ed, InTech - Open Access Publisher.<br /> <br /> Redmond, S. B., P. Chuammitri, C.B. Andreasen, D. Palic, and S.J. Lamont. 2011. Genetic control of chicken heterophil function in advanced intercross lines: associations with novel and with known Salmonella resistance loci and a likely mechanism for cell death in extracellular trap production. Immunogenetics. 63:449-458. DOI 10.1007/s00251-011-0523-y.<br /> <br /> Redmond, S.B., P. Chuammitri, C. B. Andreasen, D. Palic, S.J. Lamont. 2011. Proportion of circulating chicken heterophils and CXCLi2 expression in response to Salmonella enteritidis are affected by genetic line and immune modulating diet. Vet. Immunol. Immunopath. 140:323-328. <br /> <br /> Sandford, E.E., M. Orr, E. Balfanz, N. Bowerman, X. Li, H. Zhou, T. J. Johnson, S., Kariyawasam, P. Liu, L.K. Nolan, and S. J. Lamont. 2011. Spleen transcriptome response to infection with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in broiler chickens. BMC Genomics. 12:469-481.<br /> <br /> Schokker, D., M. A. Smits, A. J. W. Hoekman, H. K. Parmentier, J. M. J. 2010. Rebel. Effects of Salmonella onspatial-temporal processes of jejunal development in chickens. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 34:1090-1100.<br /> <br /> Selvaraj, R. K., R. Shanmugasundaram, and K. C. Klasing. 2010. Effects of dietary lutein and PUFA on PPAR and RXR isomer expression in chickens during an inflammatory response. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology a-Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 157: 198-203.<br /> <br /> Shawn, A., F.W. van Ginkel, K. S. Macklin, and J. P. Blake. 2011. Effects of phytase supplementation in broiler diets on a natural Eimeria challenge in naïve and vaccinated birds. Poultry Science. 90:781-790<br /> <br /> Shi, F. and G. F. Erf. 2011. Interplay of interferon-gamma, interleukin-10 and interleukin-21 in evolving autoimmune lesions of Smyth line of chickens with autoimmune vitiligo. J.Invest. Dermatol. (in press)<br /> <br /> Smith, S. C., E. C. Smith, and R. L. Taylor, Jr. 2011. Genetic analysis of spontaneous aortic atherosclerosis in susceptible and resistant pigeons. Animal Science Image Gallery. NAL 5153 (in press).<br /> <br /> St Paul, M., A. I. Mallick, K. Haq, S. Orouji, M. F. Abdul-Careem, S. Sharif. 2011. In vivo administration of ligands for chicken toll-like receptors 4 and 21 induces the expression of immune system genes in the spleen. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. <br /> <br /> Sun, Y., H. K. Parmentier, K. Frankena, and J .J. van der Poel. 2011. Natural antibody isotypes as predictors of survival in laying hens. Poultry Science . 90 :22632274.<br /> <br /> Sunkara, L.T., M. Achanta, N. B. Schreiber, Y. R. Bommineni, G. Dai, W. Jiang, S. J. Lamont, H. S. Lillehoj, A. Beker, R. G. Teeter, and G. Zhang. Butyrate enhances disease resistance of chickens by inducing antimicrobial host defense peptide gene expression. PLos One (accepted). <br /> <br /> Tactacan, G.B., J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte, O, K., and House J. D. 2011. The adaptive transport of folic acid in the intestine of laying hens with increased supplementation of dietary folic acid. (Accepted Poulryt Science).<br /> <br /> Tactacan, G.B., J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte, O, K., and House J. D. 2011. Functional Characterization of Folic Acid Transport in the Intestine of Laying Hen. Poult Sci. 90 (1):83-90.<br /> <br /> Tactacan, G. B., J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte, O K., and House J. D. 2011. The regulation of intestinal folic acid absorption in the laying hen supplemented with increased levels of dietary folic acid. Poult. Sci. Vol. E-Suppl 1:171 (Abstract 608) *<br /> <br /> Taylor, R. L., Jr. 2011. Letter to the Editor  Technology develops faster than we adapt. The New Hampshire 100(48):16.<br /> <br /> Taylor, R. L., Jr., T. A. Burks, P. B. Siegel, and C. M. Ashwell. 2011. Modulation of embryonic bursal gene expression after exposing high and low antibody response lines to testosterone. Poult. Sci. 90(Suppl. 1):71.<br /> <br /> Toro, H., D. L.Suarez, D.C. Tang, F.W. van Ginkel, and C. Breedlove. 2011. Avian influenza mucosal vaccination in chicken with replication-defective recombinant adenovirus vaccine. Avian Dis. 55:43-47. <br /> <br /> Trindade Neto, M. A., B. H. C. Pacheco, R. Albuquerque, E. A. Schammass , and J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte. 2011. Dietary effects of chelated zinc supplementation and lysine levels on early and late performance and egg quality in Isa-Brown laying hens. (Accepted Journal of Poultry Science, July 2011).<br /> <br /> van der Most, P. J. , B. de Jong, H. K. Parmentier, S. Verhulst. 2011. Trade-off between growth andimmunocompetence: a meta-analysis of selection experiments. Functional. Ecology. 25:74-80.<br /> <br /> van der Poel, J. J., F. Biscarini, T. B. Rodenburg, J.A.M. van Arendonk, H.K. Parmentier, A.P. Jungerius, and H. Bovenhuis. 2011. Across-line SNP association study for (innate) immune and behavioral traits in layinghens. BMC Proceedings. 5(Suppl 4):S18, June 2011.<br /> <br /> van Ginkel, F.W., S.L. Gulley, A. Lammers , F. J. Hoerr, R. Gurjar, and H. Toro. 2011. Conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue in avian ocular immunity. Dev. Comp. Immunol. doi:10.1016/j.dci.2011.04.012.<br /> <br /> van Knegsel, T. M. , M. Hostens, G. de Vries Reilingh, A. Lammers, B. Kemp, G. Opsomer, H. K. Parmentier. Natural antibodies related to metabolic and mammary health in dairy cows. Prev Vet Med. (in press).<br /> <br /> Wang, Y., N. Ghaffari, C. D. Johnson, U. M. Braga-Neto, H. Wang, R. Chen, and H. Zhou. 2011. Evaluation of the coverage and depth of transcriptome by RNA-Seq in chickens. BMC Bioinformatics. 12: Suppl 10, doi:10.1186/1471-2105-12-S10-S5.<br /> <br /> Wideman, R., K. Hamal, M. Bayona, A. Lorenzoni, F. Khajali, D. Rhoads, G. Erf, and N. Anthony. 2011. Plexiform lesions in the lungs of domestic fowl selected for susceptibility to pulmonary arterial hypertension: Incidence and histology. Anatom. Rec. 294:739-755.<br /> <br /> Woyengo, T.A., J. C.Rodríguez-Lecompte, O. Adelona, and C. M. Nyachoti. 2011. Histomorphology and small intestinal sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 gene expression in piglets fed phytic acid and phytasesupplemented diets. Journal of Animal Science. 89 (8):2485-90.<br /> <br /> Xu, M., S. D. Fitzgerald, H. Zhang, D. M. Karcher, and M. Heidari. 2011. Very virulent plus strains of MDV induce acute form of transient paralysis in both susceptible and resistant chicken lines. Virology (submitted 9/26/11). <br /> <br /> Xu, M., H. Zhang, L. F. Lee, H. Gao, S. Sharif, R. F. Silva, and M. Heidari. 2011. Gene expression profiling in rMd5- and rMd5-Dmeq-infected chickens. Avian Dis. 55:358-367. <br /> Yitbarek, A., H. M. Echeverry, P. Munyaka., G. Carmelo-Jaimes, S. Sharif, <br /> <br /> W. Guenter, J. D. House, J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte. 2011. Supplementation of broiler diets with functional yeast-derivate macromolecules on local and systemic toll-like receptors and cytokines profiles. Poult. Sci. Vol. 90 E-Suppl 1:70 (Abstract 260) *<br /> <br /> Yu, Y., J. Luo, A. Mitra, S. Chang, F. Tian, H. Zhang, P. Yuan, H. Zhou, and J. Song. 2011. Temporal Transcriptome Changes Induced by MDV in Marek's Disease-Resistant and -Susceptible Inbred Chickens. BMC Genomics. 12:501.<br /> <br /> <br /> REPORTS<br /> <br /> Animal Industry Reports at: http://www.ans.iastate.edu/report/air<br /> Balfanz, E., E. Sandford, M. G.Kaiser, and S.J .Lamont. 2011. Differential Immunological Gene Expression after Escherichia coli Infection in Chickens, Iowa State University Animal Industry Report, 2011, A. S. Leaflet-R2618<br /> <br /> Dunnington, E.A., R.A. Dalloul, and P.B. Siegel. 2011. Genetics of immune response in chickens; 4. Viral and bacterial challenges. Animal Science Image Gallery (http://anscigallery.nal.usda.gov/) NAL 5151. 2011.<br /> <br /> Dunnington, E.A., R.A. Dalloul, and P.B. Siegel. 2010. Genetics of immune response in chickens; 3. Alloantigen systems. Animal Science Image Gallery (http://anscigallery.nal.usda.gov/) NAL 5073. 2010.<br /> <br /> Dunnington, E.A., R. A. Dalloul, and P.B. Siegel PB. 2010. Genetics of immune response in chickens; 2. Correlated responses to selection. Animal Science Image Gallery (http://anscigallery.nal.usda.gov/) NAL 5072. 2010.<br /> <br /> Dunnington, E.A., R.A. Dallou., and P.B. Siegel. 2010. Genetics of immune response in chickens; 1. The selection experiment. Animal Science Image Gallery (http://anscigallery.nal.usda.gov/) NAL 5071. 2010.<br /> Lai, H. T. L., A .J. A. Aarnink, M. Cambra-López, T. T. T. Huynh, H .K. <br /> <br /> Parmentier, and P. W.G. Groot Koerkamp. Size distribution of airborne particles in animal houses. Submitted<br /> <br /> <br /> ABSTRACTS & PROCEEDINGS<br /> <br /> Abernathy, J. ,X. Li, Y. Wang, and H. Zhou. 2011. Assessment of gene regulation of microRNA-155 in the chicken macrophage during Salmonella typhimurium infection. Proc. Plant & Animal Genome XIX, San Diego, CA.<br /> <br /> Addison, B., K. C. Klasing, W. D. Robinson, S. H. Austin, and R. E. Ricklefs. 2009. Ecological and life-history factors influencing the evolution of maternal antibody allocation: a phylogenetic comparison. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 276: 3979-3987.<br /> <br /> Alizadeh, M., A. Rogiewicz , H. Echeverry, J.C. Rodriguez-Lecompte, and B.A. Slominski. 2011. The effects of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and yeast-derived products on growth performance and gut morphology of broilers. Poult. Sci. Vol. 90 E-Suppl 1:58 (Abstract 206)*.<br /> <br /> Brady, J., A. Yitbarek, H. Echeverry, J.D. Hernandez-Doria, S. Sharif, W. Guenter, J.D. House, and J.C. Rodriguez-Lecompte. 2011. Toll-like receptors and cytokines profile of necrotic enteritis-producing of Clostridium perfringens from chickens fed organic diets supplemented with MOS. Poult. Sci. Vol. 90 E-Suppl 1:107 (Abstract 392) AAAP Abstract *<br /> <br /> Burks, T., C. M. Ashwell, and R. L. Taylor, Jr. 2011. Embryonic bursal gene expression in chicken lines selected for differential antibody response is altered by testosterone exposure. 20th UNH COLSA Undergraduate Research Conference p.41.<br /> <br /> Coble, D. J., Sandford, E., Abernathy, J., Zhou, H., and Lamont, S.J. 2011. Impacts of Salmonella enteritidis infection on liver transcriptome in broilers. Plant & Animal Genome XIX, January 2011, San Diego, CA. (URL: http://www.intl-pag.org/19/abstracts/P07a_PAGXIX_718.html)<br /> <br /> Croom, J., M. Koci, and J. Brake. 2010. Is Intestinal Absorption Rate-Limiting for Growth in Poultry? November 2010. 37th Annual Poultry Nutrition Conference. Raleigh, NC.<br /> <br /> Dalloul, R.A. Immune Responses to Coccidiosis in Poultry: An Update. Coccidiosis Symposium, the 100th Meeting of the Poultry Science Association, St. Louis, MO. July 2011. <br /> <br /> Dalloul, R.A., S. Kim, K. B.Miska, M.C. Jenkins, R. H. Fetterer, C.M. Cox, and L.H. Stuard. The Biological effects of the avian macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) on immune cell function. The Avian Immunology Research Group (AIRG) meeting, Budapest, Hungary. October 2010.<br /> <br /> Echeverry, H., A. Yitbarek, P. Munyaka, M. Alizadeh, P. Wang P, O K, and J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte J. C. 2011. Low inclusion of a blend of organic trace mineral (Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn) to broiler chickens diet is able to regulate oxidative stress. Poult. Sci. Vol. 90 E-Suppl 1:39 (Abstract 136) AAAP Abstract<br /> <br /> C. Foret, C. , R. A. Ali, P. K. Nighot, A. T. Blikslager, and M. D. Koci. 2011. Effects of Astrovirus Infection on ERK1/2. April 2011. The 20th Annual NC State University Undergraduate Research Symposium. Raleigh, NC.<br /> Grimes, J.L., M. D. Koci, C. R. Stark, T. F. Middleton, P. K. Nighot, and J. E. <br /> <br /> Nixon. 2011. Efficacy Feed Additives to Reduce the Biological Effect of Naturally Occurring Mycotoxins Fed to Turkey Hen Poults Reared to 6 Weeks of Age. January 2011. International Poultry Scientific Forum, Southern Poultry Science Society. Atlanta, GA.<br /> <br /> Grimes, J.L., M. Koci, C. Stark, P. Nighot, and J. Nixon. 2010. The Effect of Mycotoxins and the Use of Binders in Poultry. November 2010. 37th Annual Poultry Nutrition Conference. Raleigh, NC.<br /> <br /> Gulley, S.L., R. Gurjar, A. Lammers, H. Toro, and F.W. van Ginkel. 2010. Adaptive Immunity in Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue after Ocular Immunization. Proceedings of Phi Zeta Research Emphasis Day,page 46, November 10, 2010, Auburn, AL.<br /> <br /> Haghighi, H. R., L.R. Read, S.M. Haeryfar, S. Behboudi, and S. Sharif. 2010. Characterization of immune response to a T cell epitope of the HA antigen of avian influenza virus H5 subtype in chickens. Avian Immunology Research Group Meeting, Budapest, Hungary, October 2010<br /> <br /> Haq, K., M. F. Abdul-Careem, S. Shanmuganthan, N. Thanthrige-Don, L. R. Read, a nd S. Sharif. 2010. Vaccine-induced host responses against very virulent Mareks disease virus infection in the lungs of chickens. The 5th International Workshop on the Molecular Pathogenesis of Marek's Disease Virus, Athens, Georgia, October 2010.<br /> <br /> Haq ,K., I. Elawadli, P. Parvizi, A. I. Mallick, H. Haghighi,and S. Sharif. 2010. Immune enhancing activities of interferon-gamma in vaccine-conferred protection against very virulent Mareks disease virus. The 5th International Workshop on the Molecular Pathogenesis of Marek's Disease Virus, Athens, Georgia, October 2010.<br /> <br /> Jacob, R., E. D. Peebles, R. L. Taylor, Jr., S. L. Branton, B. Weathers, and G. T. Pharr. 2011. Expression of the EphA4 receptor in the bursa of Fabricius. International Poultry Scientific Forum, Atlanta, GA Poult. Sci. 90(Suppl. 1):216<br /> <br /> Lemyre, M., R. A. Ali, P. K. Nighot, A. T. Blikslager, and M. D. Koci. 2011. Development of a Recombinant Adenovirus Expression System to Understand the Role of Astrovirus Nonstructural Proteins in the Development of Diarrhea. April 2011. The 20th Annual NC State University Undergraduate Research Symposium. Raleigh, NC.<br /> <br /> Mallick, A.I., P. Parvizi, L. R. Read, É. Nagy, S. Behboudi, and S. Sharif. 2010. Development of a virosome-based vaccine against avian influenza virus. Avian Immunology Research Group Meeting, Budapest, Hungary, October 2010<br /> <br /> Mallick, A.I., R. Kulkarni, P. Parvizi, L. Read, É. Nagy, S. Behboudi, and S. Sharif. 2011. Development of a virosome-based vaccine against avian influenza virus. Presented at the AAAP Meeting, July 2011, St. Louis, USA.<br /> <br /> Nazmi, A., J. Zhang, X. Li, C. L. Swaggerty, M. H. Kogut, H. I. Chiang, Y. Wang, K. Genovese, H. He, V. J. Dirita, I. Pevzner, and H. Zhou. 2011. Gene expression profiles of ceca in different broiler lines infected with wild-type and mutant Campylobacter jejuni. 100th Annual Poultry Science meeting, St. Louis, MO.<br /> <br /> Nutrition, Microbiota, and Immunity. Pancosma Worldwide Scientific Exchange. Paris, France. December 2010.<br /> <br /> Poult Viral Enteritis: Even More Complicated than We Thought. Turkey Science and Productions Conference. Pott Shrigley, UK. March 2011.<br /> <br /> Rasaputra, K. S., R. Liyanage, R. Okimoto, J.O. Lay Jr, and N.C. Rath. 2011. Serum peptide changes in chickens with metabolic skeletal problems associated with lameness. Biology, Nanotechnology, Toxicology, and Applications, AIP Conf. Proc. 1326, 177-183. <br /> <br /> Reed, K.M., and R.A Dalloul. 2011.The turkey genome sequence: implications for enhancing turkey biology. Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Turkey Production, Berlin, Germany. In press, 2011.<br /> <br /> Sandford, E., Orr, M., Li, X., Zhou, H., Johnson, T., Kariyawasam, S., Liu, P., Nolan, L., and Lamont, S.J. 2011. Blood leukocyte transcriptomics of broiler chicks infected with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Poultry Science Assoc. July 2011, St. Louis, MO<br /> <br /> Stepicheva, N. A., R. Liyanage, J. O. Lay Jr., R. L. Dienglewicz, and G. F. Erf. 2010. The alteration in lipid composition of melanosomes in Smyth line chickens appears to be the result rather than the cause of vitiligo expression. Arkansas INBRE Conference, B58. <br /> <br /> Stringfellow, K. ,Y. Wang, H. Zhou, Y. Farnell, D. Caldwell, J. Lee, S. Anderson, M. Mohnl, R. Beltran, G. Schatzmayr, S. Fitz-Coy, C. Broussard, and M. Farnell. 2011. Effect of probiotic administration on avian beta-defensin expression in coccidiosis vaccinated broilers. 100th Annual Poultry Science meeting, St Louis, MO.<br /> <br /> Tactacan, G. B., J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte, O K., and House J. D. 2011. The regulation of intestinal folic acid absorption in the laying hen supplemented with increased levels of dietary folic acid. Poult. Sci. Vol. E-Suppl 1:171 (Abstract 608) *<br /> <br /> Toro, H., H. R. Gallardo, V. van Santen, F. W. van Ginkel, C. Breedlove, and S. Gulley. 2011. Immune selection during Infectious Bronchitis virus. In Proceedings of the 1st International Avian Respiratory Disease Conference, May 15-18, 2011 Athens, GA, USA.<br /> <br /> van Ginkel, F. W., S.L. Gulley, A. Lammers, F. J. Hoerr, R. Gurjar, and H. Toro. 2011. Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in Avian Mucosal Immunity. In Proceedings of the 1st International Avian Respiratory Disease Conference, May 15-18, 2011 Athens, GA, USA.<br /> <br /> van Ginkel. F. W. 2011. The Role of Head-Associated Lymphoid System in Generating Immune Protection in Chicken. Presentation in Scot Ritchey Research Center, Auburn AL, May 26, 2011.<br /> <br /> Wang Y., V. Brahmakshatriya, B. Lupiani, S. Reddy, B. S. Lamont, and H. Zhou. 2 011. Identification of differentially expressed MicroRNAs associated with Avian Influenza Virus Infected in two genetically distinct Chicken Lines. Proc. Plant & Animal Genome XIX, San Diego, CA.<br /> <br /> Wang, X., F. Chen, A. Stewart, G. Kelley, H. Zhou, H. Cheng, and S. Nahashon. 2011. Potential candidate genes for fat deposition revealed by transcriptome and proteome analysis. 100th Annual Poultry Science meeting, St. Louis, MO.<br /> <br /> Wang, Y., H. Wang , R. Chen, and H. Zhou. 2011. Evaluation of coverage and depth of transcriptome by RNA-Seq in chickens. Proceeding of Eighth MidSouth Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Society.<br /> <br /> Wang, Y., Y. Shi, Y. Song, Y. Zhang, J. Yuan , S. Dai , V. Brahmakshatriya, B. Lupiani, S. M. Reddy, S. J. Lamont, and H. Zhou. 2011. High-throughput proteomic analysis in chicken lung with avian influenza virus infection by MASS spectrometry. 100th Annual Poultry Science meeting, St Louis, MO.<br /> <br /> Yitbarek, A., H. M. Echeverry, P. Munyaka., G. Carmelo-Jaimes, S. Sharif, W. Guenter, J. D. House, J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte. 2011. Supplementation of broiler diets with functional yeast-derivate macromolecules on local and systemic toll-like receptors and cytokines profiles. Poult. Sci. Vol. 90 E-Suppl 1:70 (Abstract 260) *<br /> <br /> Zhou, H., X. Li, C. L. Swaggerty, M. H. Kogut, K. Drake, V. DiRita, and I. Pevzner. 2011. Host innate response to Campylobacter jejuni infection in the broiler bursa using systems biology approach. 16th International workshop on Campylobacter, Helicobacter & Related Organisms. Vancouver, Canada.<br /> <br /> <br /> THESIS/DISSERTATIONS<br /> <br /> Dong, H. 2011. The Role of Mareks Disease Virus Meq Gene Products on MDV Pathogenicity and Oncogenicity. Defended August 2011.<br /> <br /> Gaddamanugu, S. 2011. Cloning and Expression of the Infected Cell Protein 4 (ICP4) and Virion Protein 16 (VP16) gene of a Field Strain of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV). Defended September 2011.<br /> <br /> Shaikh, Shireen R. 2011. The Role of a Deletion in the Glycoprotein L Gene of Mareks Disease Virus (MDV) on MDV Virulence. Defended August 2011.<br />

Impact Statements

1. Several genes were cloned, sequenced and/or characterized for their function in immune response and resistance to disease in poultry. Additionally, SNPs, proteins and differentially expressed genes were identified for immune response and disease-resistance traits. These may be used as markers for genetic selection and/or for production of recombinant proteins to improve health.
2. The non-required nutrients were found to modulate immune response and, therefore, may be fed to enhance immunity or reduce pathology in poultry.
3. Essential reagents such as recombinant proteins, antibodies, and characterized pathogen strains, as well as unique, validated assays for use in poultry, will enhance scientific investigations into genetics of immunity and resistance to disease. Identification of specific immunogenic and protective epitopes may lead to new generation vaccines development.
4. The turkey genome sequence provides resources to further understand the evolution of vertebrate genomes and genetic variation underlying economically important quantitative traits in poultry

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Report Information

Participants

Participants:
* = written annual station report submitted;


Technical Committee Members present:

Berres, Mark* (WI)

Dreshsler, Yvonne* (WU)

Erf, Gisela* (AR, Chair)

Heidari, Mohammad* (USDA)

Juul-Madsen, Helle* (DK)

Klasing, Kirk* (CA)

Lamont, Susan* (IA)

Miller, Marcia* (CH)

Qureshi, Muquarrab (NIFA Representative)

Rodriguez-LeCompte, Juan (MB now PEI,Secretary)

Taylor, Robert* (NH)

van Ginkel, Frederik* (AL)

Sharif, Shayan*(ON)

Zhou, Huaijun*(CA);


Technical Committee Members absent:

Ashwell, Chris (NC)

Dalloul, Rami* (VA)

Delany, Mary* (CA)

Keeler, Calvin (DE)

Koci, Matthew* (NC)

Parcells, Mark* (DE)

Schat, Karel (NY-retired)

Wakenell, Patricia (IN);

Collaborators/Guests present:

Arts, Joop (NL)

Beckstead, Robert (GA)

Cheng, Hans (USDA)

Cotter, Paul

Fulton, Janet,

Gallardo, Rodrigo (CA)

Sun, Yanyan*(NL, for Vander Poel, Jan )

Parmentier, Henk*(NL)

Pevzner, Igal

Robinson, Charmaine (CA, for Delany, Mary)

Selvaraj, Ramesh (OH)

Brief Summary of Minutes

October 6, 2012

NE-1034 Business meeting  4:30 pm

Report from NIFA  Dr. Muquarrab Qureshi.

Dr. Qureshi briefly discussed some of the highlights of the information outlined in the written NIFA update he sent to the group. NIFA leadership changes include Dr. Sonny Ramaswamys appointment as Director on May 7, 2012.

The group congratulated Dr. Qureshi on his promotion to Assistant Director, Institute of Youth, Family and Communication Systems effective June 3, 2012.
Dr. Qureshi talked about his long-time association with NE-1034, and possibility of not being able to attend the meetings in the future, due changes in his position and responsibilities within the agency

1. The group discussed and approved to accept three new members in the group. They are:

Rodrigo Gallardo DVM, PhD, ACPV. Avian Diseases Pop. Health and Rep, UC Davis, 1114-C Tupper Hall. Phone: (530) 752-1078; ragallardo@ucdavis.edu

Ramesh Selvaraj, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691. Ph: 330-2633793 Fax: 330-263-3949 selvaraj.7@osu.edu

Robert B. Beckstead, Ph.D. Department of Poultry Science, 119 Poultry Science Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2772. Office Phone: 706-542-0387 Lab Phone: 706-583-0087 Lab Room: 121 Poultry Science Building Fax: 706-542-1827 e-mail: robertb@uga.edu.

2. Next years meeting will be at North Carolina State University in Raleigh, NC; Matt Koci will be the host of the 2013. Dr. Koci will provide dates for the meeting as soon as possible.

3. Discussion regarding the project renewal.
Dr. Erf thanked all the members who have been helping and responding to her emails to move this proposal ahead; she reminded the members to submit the summary of their contribution to NE-1034 in the last four years.

The revised Objectives for the NE-1034 proposal renewal were approved by unanimous vote:

Obj. 1. Identify and characterize genes that regulate or affect innate and adaptive immunity and determine their relationships to disease resistance in poultry.

Obj. 2. Identify, characterize, and modulate environmental and physiologic factors that regulate or affect immune system development, optimal immune function and disease resistance in poultry.

Obj.3. Increase poultry production efficiency and disease resistance by developing and evaluating methods and reagents, including specialized genetic stocks, to assess or modulate immune system development, patterning and function.

Before submission, Dr. Erf will be sending the proposal draft for review to all the members.

The proposal also will need to be reviewed by scientists outside the group. It was suggested that Drs. K. A. Schat, P. Kaiser and B. Kaspers would be suitable candidates for this task. More suggestions will be welcome, as we get closer to starting the review process.

4. Discussion regarding 2013 meeting venue:
In 2011, Mary Delany and Kirk Klasing offered to host the 2013 meeting at UC-Davis, Davis, California; at that time the possibility to host the Avian Immunology Research Group (AIRG) meeting UC-Davis in 2014 was also considered. Hence, it was decided to coordinate the 2014 NE-1034 meeting with the AIRG meeting at UC-Davis. However, Dr. Shayan Sharif will be the host of the 2014 AIRG meeting and offered to also host the 2014 NE-1034 meetings in Guelph, Canada. Several possible meeting dates were discussed but no final decision was made as to if and when Guelph will host the NE-meeting in 2014. Dr. Sharif will send emails to participants of AIRG find out a suitable time for holding the meeting.

5. There was a discussion about of the 2013 Experiment Station Section Award for Excellence in Multistate Research. It was decided to talk with our advisor regarding the possibility of nomination.

6. Nomination for secretary for the 2013 NE-1034 meeting: Dr. Mark Berrers was nominated and approved as the secretary for the 2013 NE-1034 meeting. Juan C. Rodriguez-Lecompte, current secretary, will be Chair of the 2013 meeting.

7. Dr. Taylor thanked to Dr. Erf all her tremendous effort and commitment with the proposal. Regarding the proposal Dr. Erf thanked all the members for their help and contribution (Dr. Taylor).

8. Gisela Erf, Chair of the 2011 NE-1034 meeting, reminded everyone to send their NE-1034 report as a Microsoft Word file to her so that she can prepare the annual report. A short paragraph summarizing this years report would be helpful as well.

9. The group acknowledged and thanked Dr. Mohammad Heidari for his excellent organization and efforts in hosting the 2012 NE-1034 meeting. The group also thanked the sponsors of the meeting Cobb Vantress, represented by Dr. Igal Pevzner, for their generous contribution in sponsoring the dinner on Saturday, October 6.


10. Bob Taylor acknowledged Dr. Lyman Crittendens contribution to NE-1034.


Meeting adjourned at 5:45 pm 06/10/12

Accomplishments

<br /> OBJECTIVE 1. Identify and characterize genes and their relationships to disease resistance in poultry with an emphasis on the major histocompatibility complex as well as other genes encoding alloantigens, communication molecules and their receptors and other candidate systems.<br /> <br /> CH in collaboration with CA reported mapping of additional genes to chicken chromosome 16, beyond MHC-B, MHC-Y and NOR present on the long arm of this chromosome. Specifically, clusters of olfactory receptor genes and genes from the CD163 gene family were identified on the small arm of chromosome 16. CH reported that BG1, which is a single distinctive BG gene physically separated from the other BG gene families and located near MHC-B class I and class II genes, more generally affect both T cell maturation and activation. Considering the known role of BG1 in the incidence of MD in chickens, BG1 may contribute to genetic resistance to a wide variety of infectious diseases in chickens. CHs studies into the MHC-Y protein structure, suggest that the YF binding groove is hydrophopic and too narrow to accommodate peptide antigens. Rather smaller, unidentified, possibly lipids, may be presented by YF class I molecules. Additionally, only a few YF genes are expressed in the chickens. Further studies are underway to determine the effect of YF allelic polymorphism on antigen presentation and recognition during an immune response. CH lead a focused research effort into MHC class I target recognition, phenotypes and proteomic profiles of natural killer (NK) cells within the spleens of day-14 chick embryos (E14), the purest and richest source of NK cells in chickens. Cell-mediated cytotoxicity assays revealed a complex NK cell target cell discrimination ability, which is in line with the presence of multiple NK cell receptors. Immunophenotyping and DAVID and KEGG analyses of IL-2 stimulated E14 isolated NK cells provided evidence of a heterogenous NK cell population, NK cell activation pathways and evidence of monocytes within the E14 splenocyte cultures. Viral integration into the chicken genome was studied by CA to gain insight into the role of this mechanism in Mareks disease (MD) both with respect to MD virus induced pathology and T cell transformation. These studies revealed both cell phenotype of viral replication and chromosomal integration, whereby chromosomal integration became the predominant cell phenotype as the infection progressed. CAs chromosome analysis of MHC and NOR complexes in Japanese quail (JQ) identified NOR loci on microchromosomes in JQ with the MHC-B physically linked to one of the 3 NOR loci. CA established the presence of the umami taste receptors TS1/TS3 that recognize foreign peptides and augment phagocytosis are expressed on chicken blood monocytes, heterophils and thrombocytes. Functional analysis of the chicken mannose binding lectin (MBL) promoter by DK revealed that the A1 MBL promoter haplotypes has lower transcription efficacy than other haplotypes, which correlates with lower serum levels of MBL in chickens carrying the A1 genotype. A snip assay was developed to distinguish the frequency of MBL gene promoter haplotypes. Chickens from lines with polyvalent resistance to infectious disease did not carry the A1 haplotype, but A1 was found at a frequency of up to 30% in a commercial broiler line. WI initiated studies into the effect of proximity to domestic poultry operations on Mx allele frequencies and on viral loads in wild red jungle fowl. USDA examined the MHC influence on NK cell function in chickens by expression of MHC class I BF2 (major) and BF1 (minor) glycoproteins from the B13 and B21 haplotype in RP9 target cells. Target cell lysis by intestinal NK-like cells isolated from either B13 or B21 chickens was inhibited by B13/B21 expressing target cells but not in target cells expressing the RP9 endogenous MHC-haplotypes (B2 and B15). Using macrophage depletion, USDA examined the role of macrophages in MDV infection. A combination of i.v. and i.t. treatment with clodronate was successful in depletion of 80% of monocytes and drastically reducing transmigration of these phagocytes to the lung. USDA showed that side-effects of Meq-deleted recombinant MD vaccines on bursa and thymus can be alleviated by attenuation of the mutant construct by cell culture passage. NH compared gene-expression in embryonic immune tissue of HAS and LAS selected lines without (C) and with testosterone propionate (TP) exposure. Bursal gene-expression differences in LAS- and HAS-C groups suggest diverse B-cell maturation. Networks unique to TP- vs C-groups imply TP exposure influences pathways distinct from HAS and LAS selection. For the Wageningen high (H) and low (L) Ab selection lines (31 generation), WU observed shifts in MHC-haplotypes. H-line exhibited increasing frequency of a Bnew allele and a loss of B15 and B24, while in the L-line B15 had reached a frequency of 74% and the Bnew type had disappeared. Different shifts in MHC allele frequency in these lines were associated with a 2 year selection for high or low natural antibody (NAb) titers. Across-line SNP associations were found to be different for NAb IgM and IgG isotypes in laying hens. Forty-three significant associations between SNPs and Nab isotype titers were detected. Some of the SNPs were associated with the titers of either or both isotypes and associations varied with flock ages. CA-WU demonstrated impact of MHC on IBV M41 virus associated clinical illness. Compared to B19/B19 chickens, B2 and B8 homozygous chickens exhibiting greater resistance to IBV, had a lower incidence of detectable virus in lungs, tracheas and kidneys and less lymphocytic-plasmocytic infiltrates in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Using subunit vaccines, a positive correlation between IBV resistance and resistance to AIV has been found, whereby B2/B2 chicks had a better antibody response to the NP subunit than the B19B19 chickens. Impact of MHC-haplotype on innate immunity was also demonstrated by WU. Compared to B19/B19 monocytes, B2/B2 monocytes differentiated earlier into macrophages and exhibited higher activation responses in culture. Deep sequencing of generated cDNA derived from IFN-³ activated B2/B2 of B19/B19 macrophages revealed increases in mRNA expression of more pathways in B2 than B19 macrophages. For example for the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway, 37 elements were upregulated in the B2 macrophages at 4 hours after stimulation compared to 13 in the B19 derived macrophages. The differences in B2 versus B19 macrophage function are consistent with differences in respiratory illness. Work reported by NC on pathogenesis and host response to the type-2 turkey astrovirus (TAstV-2) showed that acute diarrhea induced by this virus in turkey poults is associated with changes in the apical expression of sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3). Oral administration of recombinantly expressed TAstV-2 capsid protein is sufficient to induce diarrhea, altered intestinal barrier function and NHE3 activity. This is the first demonstration that a viral structural protein can induce symptoms and pathology of acute diarrhea seen with various enteric pathogens. Genomic study of the response to avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) by IA has moved from 44K microarray analyses of spleen and WBC transcriptome, to deep sequencing based analysis of immune tissues/organs. Comparison of non-challenged and challenged groups with mild and severe pathology revealed crucial pathways for T cell receptor signaling and microbial metabolism in diverse environments. VA investigated the genetic susceptibility of poultry to clostridial disease using Dr. P. Siegels lines of chickens selected for low (LAS, B13) or high (HAS, B21) antibody response to SRBC. These two genetic lines clearly displayed divergent immune responses to C. perfringens toxin exposure, observations which could lead to uncovering genetic markers associated with resistance that can be employed in selective breeding. VA also reported the cloning and expression of recombinant chicken IL-22 (rChIL-22) and its soluble receptor. Characterization of biological effects of rChIL-22 indicates an important role of ChIL-22 on epithelial cells and hepatocytes during inflammation. rChIL-22 enhanced LPS-stimulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and antimicrobial peptides in epithelial cells and induced acute phase reactants without co-stimulation in hepatocytes. Chicken and turkey genome analysis by VA revealed the presence of a second TCR-delta locus with unusual V-genes that are more related to IgH V genes than to TCR V genes.<br /> <br /> <br /> Objective 2. Identify and characterize environmental, dietary and physiological factors that modulate immune system development, optimal immune function and immune system related disease resistance and welfare in poultry genetic stocks.<br /> <br /> AL reported on the induction, expansion and contraction phase of the chicken immune response to ocular IBV vaccination in Harderian glands, CALT and spleen. Assessment included kinetics of IgA spot forming cells, IgA levels in tears and plasma, cytokine expression and splenic IBV-specific B cell levels. Ocular IBV administration resulted in a biphasic Th1-type response that coincided with T memory/effector activity. A Th1 memory response to IBV was detected in the spleen but not the Harderian gland or CALT. Based on initial analysis of IBV-specific IgA in the intestinal tract after ocular and oral vaccination, limited humoral mucosal immunity appears to be generated after exposure to IBV vaccine. AR continued to examine the multifactorial nature of complex, non-communicable disease such as autoimmune vitiligo in the Smyth line (SL) chicken. The IL-21/IL-21R ligand receptor pair emerged as a candidate promoting the autoimmune response. Inherent weaknesses in the melanocyte (target cell) were revealed through in vitro and in vivo studies. Studies into the environmental trigger of vitiligo expression in susceptible SL individuals confirmed a role of MD viruses (HVT) and established an age-limitation (first 6 weeks of life) when this virus can precipitate autoimmune disease expression in susceptible SL chickens. With the goal of mapping the immune response in poultry during parasitic infection and development of a mucosal recombinant vaccine, DK compared parasite-specific immunoglobulin levels in serum and bile of two MHC chicken lines during sustained infection with Ascardia galli, tested protection induced by oral or i.m. injection of Ascardia galli soluble antigen, assessed local adaptive immunity after infection with Ascardia galli in chickens, examined cytokine gene-expression profiles in the spleen and intestinal tissues during Ascaridia infection and demonstrated impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity to vaccination against Newcastle disease virus in Ascaridia galli infection. CA conducted fine-mapping of chicken genomic aberrations that were identified by copy number variants associated with Camphylobacter jejuni colonization in genetically distinct line A (resistant) and line B (susceptible) broilers. CA used the newly developed Agilent chicken miRNA microarray to examine differential expression of miRNA associated with AIV infections in two genetically distinct, highly inbred lines known to exhibit resistance or susceptibility to AIV. ON (UG) evaluated the efficacy of adjuvanted virosome-based vaccines against AIV infection in chickens. Virosomes adjuvanted with CpG-ODN or interferon-gamma reduced AIV shedding after virus challenge and elicited AIV specific antibody responses. In this context, TLR were also studied as possible prophylactic treatment to enhance host resistance, whereby TLR3 appeared to be most effective. Characterization by ON of chicken thrombocyte responses to TLR-ligands revealed that thrombocytes constitutively express transcripts for pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in addition to proteins associated with anti-viral responses and antigen-presentation. TLR ligands greatly increased the expression of cytokines, nitric oxide production and phagocytic activity of thrombocytes. Chicken responses to TLR2 and TLR5 ligands were reported by ON to involve a mixed Th1- and Th2-like response. MB has been investigating the effects of bacterial cell wall products, DDGS and yeast-derived products on B cells, gastrointestinal tract development, immune system function and growth performance of broiler chickens. Using the chicken B lymphoma cell line DT40, in vitro studies indicate that yeast and yeast-derived products may be able to control LPS induced inflammatory activity. MB continues research on using carbohydrates for nutritional intervention in local and systemic innate immunity in poultry. CA monitored aggregate chances in the mass and amino acid content of leukocytes and effector proteins at maintenance (health) and during a response to E. coli injected i.v. into laying hens. Observations suggested that there is no net cost of the adaptive immune response as it is easily fueled by the decay of the acute phase proteins produced during the innate response. Some amino acids needed for the immune response were predicted to be limiting in a diet formulated for growth. As part of VAs studies on effects of in ovo delivery of probiotics in broilers, the effect of a commercially available probiotic on broiler hatchability, post-hatch performance and intestinal gene-expression of T helper cytokines was examined. In ovo supplementation did not impact hatchability but immunomoculatory effects on T helper cytokine production were observed. NL continues research on husbandry effects on immune responsiveness demonstrating the importance of inhaled pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) and dust on immunocompetence and immune responses in broilers and in genetic lines of chickens. Influence of the gut microbiota, specifically gram-negative bacteria, on systemic immune responses and immune system development, but not on the antibody repertoire, was also reported by NL. NL extended their studies into natural auto-antibodies prone to post-translational polymorphism induced by biochemical (inflammation) and physical factors by establishing binding profiles of these antibodies to liver homogenates. This quantitative Western blot finger-printing revealed unique profiles that may be used as a health marker for individual chickens. A 6 year project on divergent selection on NAb was initiated starting with pheno- and geno-typing of G0 birds. IA reported work on a USDA-AFRI funded Climate change project investigating the interaction of heat-stress and exposure to the inflammation-inducing agent LPS in two genetic lines.<br /> <br /> <br /> Objective 3. Develop, evaluate and characterize methodologies, reagents and genotypes to assess immune function and disease resistance to enhance production efficiency through genetic selection in poultry.<br /> <br /> Specialized poultry genetic lines for research were maintained at several stations (AR, CA, DK, IA, NC, NL, USDA, VA). For their studies on MDV evolution of virulence, UD focused on two MDV genes that appear to be under some level of selection, namely Meq and glycoprotein L. Recombinant viruses with Meq genes from different pathotypes of MDV will be used in combination mutation rate modeling to determine the contribution of Meq mutations on overall MDV pathotype and virulence evolution. Examination of tumor composition (% CD4+ T cells, CD30, MATSA) revealed different tumor composition with different MDV pathotype viruses providing insight into the role of Meq mutation in changing MDV virulence. A mutation in glycoprotein L (gL) seen in field strains affecting maternal antibody positive (mAb+) commercial broilers, was studied in vitro and in vivo. It appeared that the mutant gL selection was not at the level of mAb escape. Further research lead to the hypothesis that the gL mutation was selected as it causes the gL signal peptide epitope to be seen as a cellular protein and not as a foreign peptide (as in the case of the parental gL peptide). The role of splice-variants of Meq protein, which occur in in vivo MDV infection, in latency and transformation was also examined by UD. Based on their finding it seems likely that the splice variants are involved in silencing the MDV genome during latency and may be more important in targeting CtBP-1 to specific gene loci during MDV latency than the full length form of Meq. To evaluate changes in innate immune signaling in response to MDV infection, construction and testing of macrophage cell line HTC-based reporter constructs for various cytokines and components of innate immunity is underway. Similarly, efforts are underway by UD constructing recombinant vaccines targeting the spread of co-infecting field strain MDVs. DK is assessing the binding-affinity of MBL to mannose and other sugar residues present on the surface of many viruses, parasites and bacteria in in vitro assays. The binding affinity of MBL to Salmonella was shown to differ depending on the Salmonella serotype groups. WI initiated development of a comprehensive in vivo procedure to assess the anti-viral efficacy of avian Mx allele to protect a live host against low and high pathogenic AIV infection. Approaches used will include genetic modification technologies based on HIV-lentiviral transduction and development of the model in an inbred line of leghorn chickens, GHS6 provided by IA. Based on their work on resistance to respiratory viruses, WU is working on defining a monocyte/macrophage response assay as a screening tool of poultry with greater resistance to IBV and not other respiratory pathogens. AR continues monitoring tissue immune responses using the growing feather as an in vivo test-tube. ON is developing an interfering RNA strategy to knockdown chicken cytokine expression. Selection of siRNA and feasibility studies of adeno-associated virus to deliver siRNA in vitro have been successful. VA reported progress on the turkey genome sequencing projects. The latest assembly presents nearly 95% coverage of the genome. Turkey tissue collection has been carried out and transcriptome sequencing using the Illumina Hi-Seq platform has been initiated to aid both annotation of the latest assembly as well as create gene-expression data sets. IA continues the effort of genetic population development, maintenance and characterization providing resources in the form of highly inbred and advanced intercross lines of mainly egg-type chickens, as well as, non-inbred and advanced intercross broiler lines. <br />

Publications

BOOK CHAPTERS:<br /> <br /> Guix, S., N. Krishna, and M. D. Koci. 2012. Astrovirus Immunity. Pb. xx-xx. In: Astroviruses. S. Schultz-Cherry, and E. Mendez, Eds. Springer Science. (in press)<br /> <br /> M. Pantin-Jackwood, D. Todd, and M. D. Koci. 2012. Avian Astroviruses. Pb. xx-xx. In: Astroviruses. S. Schultz-Cherry, and E. Mendez, Eds. Springer Science. (in press)<br /> <br /> Cheng, H. H. and Lamont, S J. 2012. Genetics of disease resistance. Pp. xx-xx. In: Diseases of Poultry. 13th ed. Y. M. Saif, A. Fadly, J. Glisson, I. McDonald, L. Nolan, and D. Swayne, Eds., Blackwell Publ. (in press)<br /> <br /> Parcells, M. S., J. Burnside and R. W. Morgan. 2012. Mareks Disease Virus-induced T-cell Lymphomas. Chapter 13. In: Current Cancer Research: Cancer Associated Viruses. E. Robertson (Ed.) Springer Science and Business Media, LLC, ISBN 978-1-4419-9999-3<br /> <br /> <br /> PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS:<br /> <br /> Anderson, J., L., S. C. Smith, and R. L. Taylor, Jr. 2012. Atherosclerosis-susceptible and atherosclerosis-resistant pigeon aortic smooth muscle cells express different genes and proteins in vitro. In: Current Trends in Atherogenesis. R. Rezzani, (ed.) InTech, Inc., Rijeka, Croatia (Review, in press). <br /> <br /> Anderson, J. L., R. L. Taylor, Jr., E. C. Smith, W. K. Thomas, and S. C. Smith. 2012. Differentially expressed genes in aortic smooth muscle cells from atherosclerosis-susceptible and atherosclerosis-resistant pigeons. Poult. Sci. 91:1315-1325.<br /> <br /> Anderson, J. L., S. C. Smith, and R. L. Taylor, Jr. 2011. Spontaneous atherosclerosis in pigeons: A good model of human disease. In: Atherogenesis. S. Parthasarathy, (ed.) InTech, Inc., Rijeka, Croatia (Review) pp. 25-48. http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/spontaneous-atherosclerosis-in-pigeons-a-good-model-of-human-disease<br /> <br /> Brisbin J. T., P. Parvizi, and S. Sharif. 2012. Differential cytokine expression in T-cell subsets of chicken caecal tonsils co-cultured with three species of Lactobacillus. Benef. Microbes. 3(3):205-10. <br /> Burks, T. A., and R. L. Taylor, Jr. 2012. Genetic control of Rous sarcoma virus-induced tumor growth in chickens: Role of the major histocompatibility (B) complex. Animal Science Image Gallery. National Agriculture Library http://anscigallery.nal.usda.gov//index.php #5178 in press<br /> <br /> Byrne, K. A., L. Dong, F. Shi, R. L. Dienglewicz, and G. F. Erf. 2012. Heightened innate immune responsiveness in Smyth line chickens before onset of autoimmune vitiligo. Poult. Sci. 91 (Suppl.1):107.<br /> <br /> Cabral, R., P. Erickson, and R. L. Taylor, Jr. Processing effects on colostrum quality. Animal Science Image Gallery. National Agriculture Library http://anscigallery.nal.usda.gov//index.php #5181 (in press)<br /> <br /> Chang, S., J. R. Dunn, M. Heidari, L. F. Lee, C. W. Ernst, J. Song, and H. Zhang. 2012. Vaccine by chicken line interaction alters the protective efficacy against challenge with a very virulent plus strain of Mareks disease virus in white leghorn chickens. Vaccine 2:1-11. <br /> <br /> Chazara, O., H. R. Juul-Madsen, C. S. Chang, M. Tixier-Boichard, and B. Bed'hom. 2011. Correlation in chicken between the marker LEI0258 alleles and major histocompatibility complex sequences. BMC Proc. 5 Suppl. 4:S29.<br /> <br /> Dong, L., R. L. Dienglewicz, and G. F. Erf. Divergent gene-expression profiles in 4-TBP-injected growing feathers of vitiligo-prone Smyth- and control chickens. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 25:696-697.<br /> <br /> Erf, G. F. 2012. Animal models of vitiligo. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 25:701-702.<br /> Hamal, K. R., G. F. Erf, N. B. Anthony, and R. F. Wideman. 2012. Immunohistochemical examination of plexiform like complex vascular lesions in the lungs of broiler chickens selected for susceptibility to pulmonary arterial hypertension. Avian Pathol. 41:211-219.<br /> <br /> Heinze, C. R., M. G. Hawkins, L. A. Gillies, X. Wu, R. L. Walzem, J. B. German and K. C. Klasing. 2012. Effect of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on red blood cell lipid composition, inflammation and plasma metabolites. J. Anim. Sci. 90(9): 3068-3079.<br /> <br /> Hermes, R. G., E. G. Manzanilla, S. M. Martin-Orue, J. F. Perez, and K. C. Klasing. 2011. Influence of dietary ingredients on in vitro inflammatory response of intestinal epithelial cells challenged by an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases 34(6):479-488.<br /> <br /> Hunt, H. D., and M. Heidari. 2012. MHC allotypes regulate NK-like cell function. Avian Dis. (Submitted).<br /> <br /> Juul-Madsen H. R., L. R. Norup, P. H. Jørgensen, K. J. Handberg, E. Wattrang, and T. S. Dalgaard. 2011. Crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune responses to Infectious bronchitis virus after vaccination and challenge in chickens varying in serum mannose-binding lectin concentration. Vaccine 29:9499-9507. DOI: 10.1016 / J. Vaccine 10.016.<br /> <br /> Kaiser, M. G., S. S. Block, C. Ciraci, W. Fang, M. Sifri, and S. J. Lamont. 2012. Effects of dietary vitamin E type and level on LPS-induced cytokine mRNA expression in broiler chicks. Poult. Sci. 91:1893-1898.<br /> <br /> Kogut, M., H.-I. Chiang, C. Swaggerty, and H. Zhou. 2012. Gene expression analysis of Toll-like receptor pathways in heterophils from genetic chicken lines that differ in their susceptibility to Salmonella enteritidis. Frontiers in Epigenomics (in press).<br /> <br /> Kumar, P. M., H. Dong, D. Lenihan, S. Gaddamanugu, U. Katneni, S. Shaikh, P. Tavlarides-Hontz, S. M. Reddy, W. Peters, and M. S. Parcells. 2012. Selection of a recombinant Mareks disease virus (MDV) in vivo through expression of the Meq oncoprotein: characterization of an rMd5-based mutant expressing the Meq protein of RB-1B. Avian Dis. 56:328-340<br /> <br /> Kuttapan, V. A., Y. S. Lee, G. F. Erf, J. F. Meullenet, S. R. McKee, and C. M. Owens. 2012. Consumer acceptance of visual appearance of broiler breast meat with varying degrees of white striping. Poult. Sci. 91:1240-47.<br /> <br /> Lai, H. T. L., M. G. B. Nieuwland, B. Kemp, A. J. A. Aarnink, and H. K. Parmentier. 2011. Effects of repeated intratracheally administered lipo polysaccharide on primary and secondary specific antibody responses, and body weight gain of broilers. Poult. Sci. 90:337-351.<br /> <br /> Lai, H.T.L., M. G. B. Nieuwland, A. J. A. Aarnink, B. Kemp, H. K. Parmentier. 2012. Effects of two size classes of intratracheally administered airborne dust particles on primary and secondary specific antibody responses and body weight gain of broilers: a pilot study on the effects of naturally occurring dust. Poult. Sci. 91:604-615.<br /> <br /> Lee, L. F., K. Kreager, M. Heidari, H. Zhang, B. Lupiani, S. M. Reddy, and A. Fadly. 2012. Pathogenesis and protective efficacy of cell-culture attenuated Meq null rMd5 virus in commercial chickens. Avian Dis. (Submitted).<br /> <br /> Lee, L. F., M. Heidari, H. Zhang, B. Lupiani, S. Reddy, and A. Fadly. 2012. Cell culture attenuation eliminates rMd5 Meq-induced bursal and thymic atrophy and renders the mutant virus as an effective and safe vaccine against Mareks disease. Vaccine 30:5151-5158. <br /> <br /> Lian, L., C. Ciraci, G. Chang, J. Hu, and S. J. Lamont. 2012. NLRC5 knockdown in chicken macrophages alters response to LPS and poly (I:C) stimulation. BMC Vet. Res. 8:23 doi:10.1186/1746-6148-8-23.<br /> <br /> Lian, L., H. Sun, L. Qu, Y. Chen, S. Lamont, and N. Yang. 2012. Gene expression analysis of host responses to Mareks disease virus infection in susceptible and resistant spleens of chickens. Poult. Sci. 9:2130-2138. <br /> <br /> Mallick, A. I., R. R. Kulkarni, M. St Paul, P. Parvizi, E. Nagy, S. Behboudi , and S. Sharif. 2012. Vaccination with CpG-adjuvanted avian influenza virosomes promotes antiviral immune responses and reduces virus shedding in chickens. Viral Immunol. Jun; 25(3):226-31. <br /> <br /> Meyerhoff, R. R., K. Nighot, R. A. Ali, A. T. Blikslager, and M. D. Koci. 2012. Characterization of turkey inducible nitric oxide synthase and identification of its expression in the intestinal epithelium following astrovirus infection. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 35:63-9.<br /> <br /> Meyerhoff, R. R., R. A. Ali, K. Liu, G. Q. Huang, and M. D. Koci. 2012. Comprehensive analysis of commercially available mouse antichicken monoclonal antibodies for cross-reactivity with peripheral blood leukocytes from commercial turkeys. Poult. Sci. 91:383-92.<br /> <br /> Munyaka, P., G. Tactaman, M. Jing, O. K., J. D. House, and J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte. 2012. Effects of dietary folic acid supplementation and Lipopolysaccharide on systemic acute immune response of young laying hens. Poult. Sci. 91(10):2454-63.<br /> <br /> Munyaka, P., G. Tactaman, M. Jing, O. K., J. D. House. M. St. Paul, S. Sharif, and J. C. Rodriguez Lecompte. 2012. Response of old laying hens to an Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide challenge when fed diets with or without supplemental folic acid. Poult. Sci. (in press). <br /> <br /> Munyaka,P., H. M. Echeverry, A. Yitbarek, G. Carmelo-Jaime, S. Sharif, W. Guenter, J. D. House, and J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte. 2012. Performance and innate immune system responses of chickens fed with yeast-derivate carbohydrates. Poult. Sci. 91(9):2164-724.<br /> <br /> Ndegwa, E. N., K. S. Joiner, H. Toro, F. W. van Ginkel, and V. L. van Santen. 2012. Significance of differences in proportions of specific minor viral subpopulations within Ark-type infectious bronchitis vaccines. Avian Dis. (in press).<br /> <br /> Nie, Q., E. E. Sandford, L. K. Nolan, X. Zhang, S. J. Lamont. 2012. Deep sequencing-based transcriptome analysis of chicken spleen in response to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) infection, PLoS ONE 7(7): e41645. doi:10.1371/J. Pone. 0041645.<br /> <br /> Norup, L. R., T. S. Dalgaard, A. R. Pedersen, H. R. Juul-Madsen. 2011. Assessment of Newcastle disease-specific T cell proliferation in different inbred MHC chicken lines. Scand. J. Immunol. 74(1):23-30. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.02534.x.<br /> <br /> Norup, L. R., T. S. Dalgaard, J. Pleidrup, A. Permin, T. W. Schou, G. Jungersen, D. R. Fink, and H. R. Juul-Madsen. 2012. Comparison of parasite-specific immunoglobulin levels in two chicken lines during sustained infection with Ascaridia galli. Vet Parasitology. (in press) DOI.org/10.1016/ J. Vetpar.07.031. <br /> <br /> Ozpinar, H., I. H. Aydin, K. C. Klasing and I. H. Tekiner. 2012. Interaction of mannan oligosaccharide with immune system "transport of MOS in to the lamina propria". Kafkas Veteriner Dergisi 18(1):121-128.<br /> <br /> Parmentier, H. K., L. P. M. Verhofstad, G. De Vries Reilingh, and M. G. B. Nieuwland. Breeding for high specific immune reactivity affects sensitivity to the environment and is negatively associated with egg production in layers. In press Poult. Sci. (in press)<br /> <br /> Parvizi, P., A. L Mallick, K. Haq, H. R. Haghighi, S. Orouji, N.Thanthrige-Don, M. St Paul, J. T. Brisbin, L. R. Read, S. Behboudi, and S. A. Sharif. 2012. A Toll-like receptor 3 ligand enhances protective effects of vaccination against Marek's disease virus and hinders tumor development in chickens. Viral Immunol. (in press) <br /> <br /> Ploegaert, T. C. W., E. Tijhaar, T. J. G. M. Lam, A. Taverne-Thiele, J. J. vander Poel, J. A. M. van Arendonk, H. F. J. Savelkoul, and H. K. Parmentier. 2011. Natural antibodies in bovine milk and blood plasma: variability among cows, repeatability within cows, and relation between milk and plasma titers. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 144: 88-94. <br /> <br /> Qiu, R. J. Croom, R. A. Ali, A. L. Ballou, C. Smith, C. M. Ashwell, H. M. Hassan, C.-C. Chiang, and M. D. Koci. 2012. Direct fed microbial supplementation repartitions host energy to the immune system. J. Anim. Sci. 90:1-13.M.<br /> <br /> Rasaputra, K. S., R. Liyanage, J. O. Lay, Jr., G. F. Erf, R. Okimoto, and N. C. Rath. 2012. Changes in serum protein profiles of chickens with tibial dyschondroplasia. The Open Proteomics Journal. 5: 1-7. <br /> <br /> Rodríguez-Lecompte, J. C., A. Yitbarek, J. Brady, S. Sharif, M. D. Cavanagh, G. Crow, W. Guenter, J. D. House, and G. Camelo-Jaimes. 2012. The effect of microbial-nutrient interaction on the immune system of young chicks following early probiotic and organic acids administration. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (7):2246-2254.<br /> <br /> Sandford, E. E., M. Orr, M. Shelby, X. Li, H. Zhou, T. J. Johnson, S. Kariyawasam, P. Liu, L.K. Nolan, and S. J. Lamont. 2012. Transcriptome response of leukocytes from chickens infected with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli identifies pathways associated with resistance. Results in Immunol. 2: 44-53.<br /> <br /> Sandford, E. E., M. Orr, X. Li, H. Zhou, T. J. Johnson, S. Kariyawasam, P. Liu, L.K. Nolan, and S. J. Lamont. 2012. Strong concordance between transcriptomic patterns of spleen and peripheral blood leukocytes in response to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli infection. Avian Dis. (in press)<br /> <br /> Sandford, E., M. Orr, M. Shelby, X. Li, H. Zhou, T. J. Johnson, S. Kariyawasam, P. Liu, L. K. Nolan, and S. J. Lamont. 2012. Leukocyte transcriptome from chickens infected with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli identifies pathways associated with resistance. Results in Immunology, 2:44-53.<br /> <br /> Shi, F., and G. F. Erf. 2012. IFN-gamma, IL-21 and IL-10 co-expression in evolving autoimmune vitiligo lesions of Smyth line chickens. J. Invest. Dermatol. 132:642-649.<br /> <br /> Shi, F., B.-W. Kong, J. J. Song, J. Y. Lee, R. L. Dienglewicz, and G. F. Erf. 2012. Understanding mechanisms of spontaneous autoimmune vitiligo development in the Smyth line chicken model by transcriptomic microarray analysis of evolving lesions. BMC Immunology 13:18.<br /> <br /> Smith, S. C., E. C. Smith, and R. L. Taylor, Jr. 2011. Genetic analysis of spontaneous aortic atherosclerosis in susceptible and resistant pigeons. Animal Science Image Gallery. National Agriculture Library http://anscigallery.nal.usda.gov//index.php #5153.<br /> <br /> St. Paul, M, S. Paolucci, L. R. Read, and S. Sharif. 2012. Characterization of responses elicited by Toll-like receptor agonists in cells of the bursa of Fabricius in chickens. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 149(3-4):237-44. <br /> <br /> St. Paul, M., A. I. Mallick , L. R. Read, A. L Villanueva, P. Parvizi, M. F. Abdul-Careem , E. Nagy, and S. Sharif. 2012. Prophylactic treatment with Toll-like receptor ligands enhances host immunity to avian influenza virus in chickens. Vaccine. 30(30):4524-31. <br /> <br /> St. Paul, M., S. Paolucci, N. Barjesteh, R. D. Wood, K. A. Schat, and S. Sharif. 2012. Characterization of chicken thrombocyte responses to toll-like receptor ligands. PLoS One. 7(8):e43381. Epub Aug 20. <br /> <br /> Sun, Y., H. K. Parmentier, K. Frankena, and J. J. van der Poel. 2011. Natural antibody isotypes as predictors of survival in laying hens. Poult. Sci . 90:2263-2274.<br /> <br /> Tactacan G. B., J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte, O, K., and J. D. House. 2012. The adaptive transport of folic acid in the intestine of laying hens with increased supplementation of dietary folic acid. Poult. Sci. 91(1):121-128.<br /> <br /> Taylor, R. L., Jr., T. A. Burks, P. B. Siegel, and C. M. Ashwell. 2012. Temporal and treatment changes in embryonic bursal gene expression after testosterone exposure in high and low antibody lines. Poult. Sci. 91(Suppl. 1):29.<br /> <br /> Toro, H., D. Pennington, R. A. Gallardo, V. L. van Santen, F. W. van Ginkel, J. F. Zhang, and K. S. Joiner. 2012. Infectious bronchitis virus subpopulations in vaccinated chickens after challenge. Avian Dis. (In press)<br /> <br /> van Ginkel, F. W., S. L. Gulley, A. Lammers , F. J. Hoerr, R. Gurjar, and H. Toro. 2012. Conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue in avian ocular immunity. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 36: 289-297.<br /> <br /> van Knegsel, A. T. M., M. Hostens, G. de Vries Reilingh, A. Lammers, B. Kemp, G. Opsomer, and H. K. Parmentier. 2012. Natural antibodies related to metabolic and mammary health in dairy cows. Prev. Vet. Med. 103:287-297.<br /> <br /> Wang, Y. V. Brahmakshatriya, B. Lupiani, S. M. Reddy, B. Soibam, A.L. Benham, P. Gunaratne, H.-C. Liu, M. Trakooljul, N.Ing, R. Okimoto, and H. Zhou. 2012. Integrated analysis of microRNA expression and mRNA transcriptome in lungs of avian influenza virus infected broilers. BMC Genomics 13:278. <br /> <br /> Wideman, R. F., D. D. Rhoads, G. F. Erf, and N. B. Anthony. 2012. Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome (PHS, Ascites Syndrome) in Broilers: A Review. Poult. Sci. (in press)<br /> <br /> Xu, M., S. D. Fitzgerald, H. Zhang, D. M. Karcher, and M. Heidari. 2012. Very virulent plus strains of MDV induce an acute form of transient paralysis in both susceptible and resistant chicken lines. Viral Immunol. (In press). <br /> <br /> Yitbarek, A., H. Echeverry, P. Munyaka , M. Alizadeh, Y.-K. Kim, and J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte. 2012. Prebiotics and symbiotics supplementation to pullets differentially regulate toll-like receptors and cytokines in the intestine and systemically. Poult. Sci. 91 E-Suppl 1:81<br /> <br /> Yitbarek,, A., H. Echeverry, J. Brady, J. Hernandez-Doria, G. Camelo-Jaimes, S. Sharif, W. Guenter, J. D. House, and J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte. 2012. Innate immune response to yeast derived carbohydrates in broiler chickens fed organic diets and challenged with Clostridium <br /> perfringens. Poult. Sci. 91:11051112.<br /> <br /> Zhang L, Katselis, G., R. E.Moore, K. Lekpor, R. M. Goto,T. D. Lee, and M. M. Miller. 2012. MHC class I target recognition, immunophenotypes and proteomic profiles of natural killer cells within the spleens of day-14 chick embryos. Comp. Develop. Immunol. 37: 446-456.<br /> <br /> <br /> ABSTRACTS & PROCEEDINGS<br /> <br /> Abernathy, J., X. Li, X. Jia, and H. Zhou. 2012. Fine-mapping of chicken genomic aberrations by identifying CNVs associated with Campylobacter jejuni colonization. 33rd Conference of the International Society of Animal Genetics, Cairins, Australia <br /> <br /> Abernathy, J., C. Corkill, C. Hinojosa, X. Li, H. Andrew-Polymenis, and H. Zhou. 2012. Host innate immune response to a pflB Salmonella typhimurium mutant with elevated SPI1-mediated virulence. Innate Immunity: Sensing the Microbes and Damage Signals. Colorado. <br /> <br /> Abernathy, J., C. Corkill, C. Hinojosa, X. Li, H. Andrew-Polymenis, and H. Zhou. 2012. Host Response to Gene Knockouts in the Pyruvate Metabolism Pathway of Salmonella typhimurium. Proc. Plant & Animal Genome XX, San Diego, CA.<br /> <br /> Abernathy, J., R. M. Goto, M. M. Miller, and H. Zhou. 2012. Using Trisomy Mapping and Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization to Assign Candidate Genes to Chicken Chromosome 16. Proc. Plant & Animal Genome XX, San Diego, CA.<br /> <br /> Alizadeh, M., H. Echeverry, J. C. Rodriquez-Lecompte, and B. Slominski. 2012. Antibody-mediated response in broiler chickens fed yeast-derived products and distillers dried grains with solubles. AVMA AAAP, San Diego, CA, August 4-5. <br /> <br /> Alizadeh, M., A. Yitbarek, H. Echeverry, P. Munyaka, B. Slominski, and J. C. Rodriquez-Lecompte. 2012. Antibody-mediated immune responses in chicken pullets fed prebiotic, organic trace minerals, and a blend of pre- and probiotic. Southern Conference on Avian Diseases. Atlanta, Georgia, USA. January 23-24. <br /> <br /> Bjorkquist, A., M. Kaiser, E. E. Sandford, L. K. Nolan, and S. J. Lamont. 2012. Toll Like receptor and clusters of differentiation RNA expression levels in the bursa of Fabricius of broiler chickens challenged with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Plant & Animal Genome XX, January 2012, San Diego, CA<br /> <br /> Burks, T., C. M. Ashwell, and R. L. Taylor, Jr. 2012. High or low antibody responder chickens have differential embryonic bursal gene expression after testosterone exposure. 21st UNH COLSA Undergraduate Research Conference 2012 p.8 http://www.unh.edu/urc/sites/unh.edu.urc/files/media/COLSA URC 2012 Abstract Book.pdf<br /> <br /> Coble, D. J., E. E. Sandford, T. Ji, J. Abernathy, D. Fleming, H. Zhou, and S. J. Lamont. 2012. Impacts of Salmonella Enteritidis infection on liver transcriptome in broilers. Proc. 2012 World's Poultry Congress, July 2012, Brazil. Abstract sp27. <br /> <br /> Collisson, E. 2012. Avian cellular immune responses to coronaviruses and avian influenza viruses. Seminar College of Veterinary Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia, June, 2012.<br /> <br /> Collisson, E. 2012. Avian influenza and SARS: A virologists perspective on emerging diseases at the animalhuman interface. Annual Pathology Mtg, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia; and Zadar, Croatia. June, 2012.<br /> <br /> Collisson, E. 2012. Avian influenza and SARS: A virologists perspective on emerging diseases at the animalhuman interface. University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia, June, 2012.<br /> <br /> Collisson, E. 2012. Avian influenza education for families with backyard poultry in Southern California., USDA-APHIS Annual Mtg Live Bird Market, New Orleans, Feb. 201s<br /> <br /> Collisson, E. et al. 2012. Macrophage function as a predictor of resistance to respiratory disease, Avian Immunology Research Group, Aug. 2012.<br /> <br /> Collisson, E., et al. 2012. Macrophage function as a predictor of resistance to coronavirus associated illness in B haplotype defined chicks. AAAP, San Diego, Aug. 2012.<br /> <br /> Croom, J., C. Nash, M. D. Koci, J. Wock, A. Ballou, D. Carver, and J. Brake. Fluoxetine increases growth and feed efficiency in broilers. July 2012. Annual Meeting of the Poultry Science Association. Athens, GA.<br /> <br /> Eads, L., S. L. Gulley, and F. W. van Ginkel. Mucosal vaccine delivery to generate specific immunity to infectious bronchitis virus. Phi Zeta Research Emphasis Day, November 9, 2011, Auburn, AL.<br /> <br /> Eads, L., S. L. Gulley, and F. W. van Ginkel. Ocular and Oral Vaccination to Generate Infectious Bronchitis Virus Specific Immunity. Auburn University Research Week, April 2-5, 2012, Auburn, AL.<br /> <br /> Echeverry, H., A. Yitbarek, and, J. C. Rodriguez-Lecomptempte. 2012. Immunomodulatory effects of yeast and yeast-derived products on avian macrophages toll-like-receptors, and cytokine profile. 12th Avian Immunology Research Group, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, August 28-3. <br /> <br /> Echeverry, H., A. Yitbarek, E. Matini, P. Munyaka, A. Hunde , R. Adhikari, W-K. Kim, and J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte. 2012. Influence of dietary calcium and vitamin D on gene expression of toll-like receptors, cytokines and total IgG production in broilers chickens. 12th Avian Immunology Research Group, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, August, 28-31. <br /> <br /> Echeverry, H., A. Yitbarek, M. Alizadeh, P. Munyaka, B. Slominski, and J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte. 2012. Toll-like receptors and cytokines profile of chicken B cell added with yeast-derivate carbohydrates. AVMA- AAAP, San Diego, CA, August, 4-5, 2012. <br /> <br /> Gurjar, R. S., S. L. Gulley, R. Gallardo, H. Toro, and F. W. van Ginkel. 2011.Infectious bronchitis virus-specific effector and memory T cell responses in white leghorns. Phi Zeta Research Emphasis Day, November 9, 2011, Auburn, AL.<br /> <br /> Gurjar, R. S., S. L. Gulley, R. Gallardo, H. Toro, and F. W. van Ginkel. 2011.Infectious bronchitis virus-specific effector and memory T cell responses in white leghorns. Auburn University Research Week, April 2-5, 2012, Auburn, AL.<br /> <br /> Kaiser, M., E. E. Sandford, M. E. Persia, M. F. Rothschild, C. Ashwell, C. J. Schmidt, and S. J. Lamont. 2012. Physiological differences among chicken breeds in response to embryonic thermal conditioning and post-hatch heat stress. Plant & Animal Genome XX, January 2012, San Diego, CA.<br /> <br /> Kjærup, R. M., T. S. Dalgaard, L. R. Norup, and H. R. Juul-Madsen. 2012. Polymorphism in the chicken Mannose-Binding Lectin 2 gene. Annual Meeting in Danish Society of Immunology, 24th May Aarhus, Denmark.<br /> <br /> Kjærup, R. M., T. S. Dalgaatd, L. R. Norup, R. M. Goti, M. M. Miller, and H. R. Juul-Madsen. 2012. Effect of polymorphism in chicken mannose-binding lectin promoter on the transcription efficiency. 12th Avian Immunology Research Group Meeting 28 - 31. August, Edinburgh, UK. <br /> <br /> Lamont, S. J., M. G. Kaiser, M. F. Rothschild, M. E. Persia, C. M. Ashwell, and C. J. Schmidt. 2012. Genomics of heat stress in poultry. Proc Intl. Soc. Animal Genetics, July, Cairns, Australia.<br /> <br /> Lohani, M., J. Suddeth, D. Shannon, F. W. van Ginkel, and B. Kemppainen. 2012. Effects of American Skullcap on Aflatoxin-Contaminated Feed in Broiler Chickens. Auburn University Research Week, April 2-5, Auburn, AL.<br /> <br /> Mak, Y. T., M. Mendoza, T. Helmy, R. Ali, M. D. Koci, and H. Hassan. 2012. Efficacy of Salmonella detection in poultry: Evaluating different sampling methods to minimize number of animal use. August. 11th Annual NC State University Summer Undergraduate Research Symposium. Raleigh, NC.<br /> <br /> McPherson, M. M. and M. E. Delany. 2012. Cytogenetic Mapping of Ribosomal DNA, the Major Histocompatibility Complex, Telomerase and Telomere Loci in Japanese Quail. International Plant and Animal Genomes XX, January 14-19, San Diego, CA. <br /> <br /> Miller, M. M., Lei Zhang, R. M. Goto, J. Abernathy, H. Zhou, and M. E. Delany. 2012. Insights into MHC evolution provided by interesting genes on Gallus gallus. The American Association of Immunologists. May 4-8, Boston, MA.<br /> <br /> Munyaka, P., G. Tactacan, M. Jing, O K., J. D. House, and J. C. Rodríguez-Lecompte. 2012. Response of old laying hens to an Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide challenge when fed diets with or without supplemental folic acid. Poult. Sci. Vol. 91 E-Suppl 1:80*<br /> <br /> Munyaka, P., J. D. House, M. St. Paul, S. Sharif., and J. C. Rodriiguez-Lecompte. 2012. Age-associated cytokine expression profile in spleen and cecal tonsils in laying hens supplemented with folic acid under an acute Escherichia coli derivate-lipopolysaccharide challenge. AVMA-AAAP, San Diego, CA, August 4-5. <br /> <br /> Nazmi, A., J. Zhang, X. Li , C. L. Swaggerty, M. H. Kogut, H. I. Chiang, Y. Wang, K. Genovese, K., H. He, V. J. Dirita, I. Pevzner, and H. Zhou. 2012. Transcriptional profiling of innate immune response in broiler ceca following campylobacter jejuni infection. 101th Annual Poultry Science meeting, Athens, GA .<br /> <br /> Nazmi, A., J. Zhang, X. Li, C. I. Swaggerty, M. H. Kogut, H. I. ChiangI, Y. Wang, K. Genovese, H. He, V. J. Dirita, I. Pevzner, and H. Zhou. 2012. Global Gene Expression Profiles of Early Cecal Response to Campylobacter jejuni Challenge in Two Genetically Distinct Broiler Lines. Proc. Plant & Animal Genome XX, San Diego, CA.<br /> <br /> Nighot, P., R. Ali, L. A. Moser, P. Freiden, S. Schultz-Cherry, R. DuBois, A. Blikslager, and M. D. Koci. 2012. Turkey astrovirus capsid protein induces electrophysiological changes in the intestinal epithelium. August. The 2012 American Association of Avian Pathologist/American Veterinary Medical Association Meeting. San Diego, CA.<br /> <br /> Orr, N., S. L. Gulley, and F. W. van Ginkel. 2011. Mucosal and systemic immune responses to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) after ocular vaccination. Phi Zeta Research Emphasis Day, November 9, Auburn, AL.<br /> <br /> Orr, N., S. L. Gulley, and F. W. van Ginkel. 2012. Mucosal and systemic immune responses to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) after ocular vaccination. Auburn University Research Week, April 2-5, Auburn, AL.<br /> <br /> Permin, A., Torben Schou, Helle Juul-Madsen, Liselotte Norup, Tina Dalgaard, Janne Pleidrup Andersen, Dorthe Fink og Gregers Jungersen. 2011. The AIM vaccination project- understanding and controlling. <br /> <br /> Pleidrup, A. J., L. R. Norup, T. S. Dalgaard, and H. R. Juul-Madsen. 2012. Chicken immune responses after immunisation with Ascaridia galli antigens and protectivity after challenge infection 2012. Annual Meeting in Danish Society of Immunology, 24th May Aarhus, Denmark. <br /> <br /> Pleidrup, A. J., L. R. Norup, T. S. Dalgaard, P. Kaiser, A. Permin, T. W. Schou, G. Jungersen, P. Sørensen, and H. R. Juul-Madsen. 2012. The effect of A. galli infection on vaccine-induced immunity to NDV in chickens. 12th Avian Immunology Research Group Meeting 28  31. August 2012, Edinburgh, UK. <br /> <br /> Rey, M. R., J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte, T. Joseph, J. Morrison, A. Yitbarek, K. M. Wittenberg, R. Tremblay, M. Undi. and K. H. Ominski. 2012. Effect of vaccination technique and antibody level on primary and secondary response in beef calves after vaccination against bovine viral diarrhea virus. CSAS, Phoenix, AR. <br /> <br /> Robinson, C., H. Cheng, and M. E. Delany. 2012. Mareks disease viral genome status in immune organs post-infection. 9th International Meeting on Mareks Disease and Avian Herpesviruses. June 24-28, Berlin, Germany. <br /> <br /> Rodríguez-Lecompte, J. C., P. Munyaka, H. Echeverry, M. Alizadeh, A. Yitbarek, W. Guenter, and J. D. House. 2012. Effect of Prebiotic, organic trace minerals, and a blend of pre- and probiotics on natural and acdquired maternal antibodies in chicken pullets. Southern Conference on Avian Diseases. Atlanta, Georgia, USA. January 23-24. <br /> <br /> Sandford, E. E., M. Orr, X. Li, H. Zhou, T. Johnson, S. Kariyawasam, P. Liu, L. K.. Nolan, and S. J. Lamont. 2012. Insights from Multi-Tissue Transcriptome Analysis Into the Genomics of Host Resistance to Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Proc. Plant & Animal Genome XX, San Diego, CA.<br /> <br /> Sandford, E. E., M. Orr, X. Li, H. Zhou, T. J. Johnson, S. Kariyawasam, P. Liu, L. K. Nolan, and S. J. Lamont. 2012. Multi-tissue, multi-time transcriptome analysis of host response to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Proc. Avian Immunology Research Group, August 2012, Roslin, U.K. <br /> <br /> Seal, A. G., T. Helmy, R. Ali, E. Akers, M. Mendoza, E. Stafford, H. Hassan, and M. D. Koci. 2012. Development of a Salmonella specific ELISA to test the efficacy of a novel Salmonella vaccine. August 2012. 11th Annual NC State University Summer Undergraduate Research Symposium. Raleigh, NC.<br /> <br /> Sharif, S. 2012. Identification of lactobacilli with immune enhancing activities. Presented at the Poultry Industry Council Research Day, May, 2012.<br /> <br /> Sharif, S. 2012. Immunity against avian influenza virus: implications for vaccine development. Presented at the Pathobiology Seminar Series, March, 2012.<br /> <br /> Sharif, S. 2012. Perspectives on immunity against Mareks disease virus. State-of-the-art lecture given at the Mareks disease conference, Berlin, Germany, June,2012.<br /> <br /> Sharif, S., F. Abdul-Careem, A. I. Mallick, K. Haq, H. Haghighi, S. Orouji, M. Heidari, S. Behboudi, and P. Parvizi. 2012. Toll-like receptor 4 and 21 agonists enhance immunity and delay the onset of clinical disease in chickens infected with Mareks disease virus (Mareks disease conference, Berlin, Germany, June, 2012.<br /> <br /> Ulrich-Lynge, S., T. S. Dalgaard, L. R. Norup, J. E. Olsen, and H. R. Juul-Madsen. 2012. The binding ability of purified chicken Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL) to Salmonells enterica serotype B, C1, and D. 12th Avian Immunology Research Group Meeting 28  31. August 2012, Edinburgh, UK. <br /> <br /> van Ginkel, F. W. Novel research on the immune responses of respiratory and digestive tracts of chickens. Poultry session of the GVMA and AVMA. June 1-3, 2012, Sandestine, FL.<br /> <br /> van Ginkel, F. W., R. Gurjar, N. Orr, H. Toro, and S. L Gulley. 2012. Ocular Infectious Bronchitis Virus Vaccination Induces T and B Cell Responses in Head-Associated Lymphoid Tissues that Differ from that in the Spleen. Avian Immunology Research Group, August 28-31, 2012, Edinburgh, Scotland. <br /> <br /> Wang, Y., V. Brahmakshatriya, B. Lupiani, S. M. Reddy, S. J. Lamont, and H. Zhou. 2012. Differentially expressed microRNAs associated with avian influenza virus infection in two genetically distinct chicken lines. 12th Avian International Immunology Group meeting, Edinburgh, Scotland.<br /> <br /> Wattrang , E., L. R. Norup, H. R. Juul-Madsen, and T. S. Dalgaard. 2012. Preliminary characterisation of CD107a nad CD57 as potential activation markers of chicken cytotoxic T-cells. 12th Avian Immunology Research Group Meeting 28  31. August 2012, Edinburgh, UK. <br /> <br /> Yitbarek, A., H. Echeverry, M. Alizadeh, P. Munyaka, and J. C. Rodiguez-Lecompte. 2012. <br /> Prebiotics and synbiotics supplementation on toll-like receptors and cytokines in the intestine and systemically in pullets stimulated with sheep red blood cells. 12th Avian Immunology Research Group, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, August 28-31. <br /> <br /> Yitbarek, A., H. Echeverry, P. Munyaka, M. Alizadeh, Y-K. Kim, and J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte. 2012. Prebiotics and symbiotics supplementation to pullets differentially regulate toll-like receptors and cytokines in the intestine and systemically. PSA meeting, Athens, Georgia, USA, July, 2012.<br /> <br /> Yitbarek, A., H. Echeverry, E. Matini, P. Munyaka, A. Hunde, R. Adhikari, W-K. Kim, and J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte. 2012. Effects of Vitamin D2, and D3 forms and analog Vitamin D3 25-OH-D3 on immune parameters in laying hen. 12th Avian Immunology Research Group, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, August 28-31. <br /> <br /> Yitbarek, A., H. Echeverry, J. Brady, J. Hernandez-Doria, G. Camelo-Jaimes, S. Sharif, W. Guenter, J. D. House, and J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte.. 2012. Effect of Mannan-Oligosaccharides on Innate Immune Response of Broiler Chickens Fed Organic Diet and Challenged with Clostridium perfringens. Canadian Organic Science Conference, Winnipeg, MB, February.<br /> <br /> Zhou, H., and X. Jia. 2012. Principal component analysis of gene expression profiling to Campybacter infection in two distinctly genetic chicken lines. 33rd Conference of the International Society of Animal Genetics, Cairins, Australia.<br /> <br /> <br /> THESIS-DISSERTATIONS COMPLETED:<br /> <br /> Lei Dong. Ph.D. Sp 2012. Environmental triggers of autoimmune vitiligo expression in vitiligo-susceptible Smyth line chickens. University of Arkansas.<br /> <br /> James Burnett. Honors (ARSC). Fa 2011. Maternal antibodies and lysozyme in eggs of parasitic and non-parasitic birds. University of Arkansas.<br /> <br /> Erin OBrien. Honors (ARSC). Sp 2012. Incidence of, and immune activity to, v-src-induced tumors in Arkansas Progressor chickens. University of Arkansas.<br /> <br />

Impact Statements

1. Several genes were cloned, sequenced and/or characterized for their function in immune response, host-pathogen interactions and resistance to disease in poultry. Additionally, SNPs, proteins and differentially expressed genes were identified for immune response and disease-resistance traits. Collectively these efforts will lead to development of markers for genetic selection and/or for production of recombinant proteins for vaccine development, optimization of immune system development and function and improvement of health.
2. Knowledge and understanding of the innate and adaptive immune system function and the influence of nutritional, physiological and environmental influences on the immune system are critical for effective management strategies in poultry production, health and animal wellbeing.
3. Identification of prophylactic and immune system enhancing approaches to avoid/reduce pathogen infection/pathology in poultry will positively impact poultry health and safety of the food supply.
4. Essential reagents such as recombinant proteins, antibodies, and characterized pathogen strains, as well as unique, validated assays for use in poultry, will enhance scientific investigations into genetics of immunity and resistance to disease. Identification of specific immunogenic and protective epitopes may lead to new generation vaccines development.
5. The turkey genome sequence provides resources to further understand the evolution of vertebrate genomes and genetic variation underlying economically important quantitative traits in poultry. Development, maintenance and characterization of genetic lines are critical in providing the necessary resources to study the genetic bases for resistance and immunity to avian disease.

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Report Information

Participants

PRINCIPAL LEADER: S.J. Lamont;
ISU Faculty Collaborators: P. Liu, L.K. Nolan;
ISU Graduate Students/Staff/Visiting Scholars: A. Bjorkquist, D.J. Coble, D. Fleming, M.G. Kaiser, H. Sun;
Collaborators: C. Ashwell, C. Keeler*, H. Lillehoj, Q. Nie, J. van der Poel*, C. Schmidt, X. Zhang, H. Zhou* (*NE-1034 members)

Brief Summary of Minutes

Accomplishments

<p><b>Objective 1: Identify and characterize genes and their relationships to disease resistance in poultry with an emphasis on the major histocompatibility complex as well as other genes encoding alloantigens, communication molecules and their receptors and other candidate systems.</b><br /> <br /> <p>3.1.1 Genomics of response to avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC)<br /> <br>In this project, we are analyzing host transcriptional response to vaccination and/or infection with avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). Our overall objective is to identify genes, signaling pathways and biological networks associated with infection and resistance to APEC in chickens. Broiler chicks were experimentally vaccinated at 2 weeks of age and challenged at 4 weeks of age with APEC. At 1 and 5 days post-infection, whole blood was collected and peripheral blood leukocytes isolated. Gross lesions in the air sacs, pericardium and liver at necropsy were used to assign pathology category, as either mild or severe, to the non-vaccinated, challenged chicks. Therefore, ten treatment groups were classified by a priori factors of vaccination status, challenge status, day post-infection, and the a posteriori factor of pathology severity within the non-vaccinated, challenged groups. In recent years, in cooperation with H. Zhou (UC-Davis), we have conducted and published microarray analyses of the spleen and peripheral WBC transcriptome evaluated utilizing a chicken 44K Agilent microarray (Sandford et al. 2011; 2012; 2013) and in cooperation with Qinghua Nie (South China Agricultural University) analysis of Solexa sequencing of spleen (Nie et al. 2012).<br /> <p>Our current phase of the APEC study is deep-sequence based transcriptome analyses of the primary immune tissues, conducted as part of the dissertation studies of H. Sun. This focus on the primary lymphoid tissues will give novel insights into the earliest transcriptional changes induced in immune-system cells in response to bacterial infections.<br /> <br /> <p>From four individuals of each of the six treatment groups that were not vaccinated, the mRNA has been isolated from bursa, thymus and bone marrow. From these, individual libraries were constructed, and subsequent deep sequencing was done. All the individuals have good read quality. as the quality score is more than 32 in FASTQC. Alignment was then done by using TopHat2 and SAMtool.<br /> Thousands of genes in total were detected as differentially expressed for the six treatments in each tissue, using edgeR. Generally, APEC infection resulted in more up-regulation than down-regulation in all three tissues, which is consistent with the results of the first phase of APEC study on spleen and WBC. In bone marrow, thymus, and bursa, hundreds to thousands of differentially expressed genes were found over time in challenged severe lesion groups (CS5 vs. CS1), and contrasting challenged birds with severe lesions with other groups, within day (CS1 vs. NC1, CS5 vs. CM5 and CS5 vs. NC5). Also, many genes in three contrasts examining pathology and infection status (CS5 vs. NC5, CS5 vs. and CM5, CS5 vs. CS1) were significantly differentially expressed in all three tissues. Little difference was seen between infected birds with mild lesions and the non-infected groups at either time.<br /> <p>In bone marrow and thymus, hundreds of differentially expressed genes existed in challenged birds with severe lesions relative to control, and severe relative to mild, over time; which suggests interaction between treatment and time. However, almost no differentially expressed genes were found in bursa in mild relative to control, in severe relative to control, and severe relative to mild over time, suggesting that no interaction exists between treatment and time in bursa. Analysis of expressed genes by GO term and pathway analysis is commencing.<br /> <p><b>3.2 Objective 2: Identify and characterize environmental, dietary and physiologic factors that modulate immune system development, optimal immune function and immune system related disease resistance and welfare in poultry genetic stocks.</b><br /> <p>3.2.1 Interaction of heat stress and inflammatory response in poultry<br /> Within a USDA-AFRI funded Climate Change project (PD: C. Schmidt, UDEL), we are investigating the interaction of two putative stressors: heat stress and exposure to an inflammation-inducing PAMP (LPS). Birds of two genetic lines (broiler, Fayoumi) that were either exposed to daily cyclic heat episodes or kept at control temperatures were injected with either LPS or saline. Measures of body temperature and blood gas parameters were taken on the live birds, and tissues were collected for future analyses of transcriptomes. This will be part of the dissertation studies of A. Bjorkquist. In the past year, only the experimental design and planning was accomplished for the use of the already collected tissues.<br /> <p><b>3.3 Objective 3: Develop, evaluate and characterize methodologies, reagents and genotypes to assess immune function and disease resistance to enhance production efficiency through genetic selection in poultry.</b><br /> <p>3.3.1 Genetic population development, maintenance, and characterization<br /> Iowa State University maintains 13 chicken genetic lines. In the past year, they were reproduced in one generation. The ISU genetic lines are of two basic genetic structures:<br /> <p>(a) highly inbred lines or (b) advanced intercross lines (AIL). Highly inbred lines (60 – 100 generations of sib-mating) of defined MHC type were maintained, with the inbreeding of the earliest line starting in 1925. Lines are primarily of egg-type origin, but also include the non-commercial Fayoumi and Spanish lines, and one broiler line. Birds of the MHC-defined inbred lines were serologically typed each generation with line-specific anti-erythrocyte antisera to verify line purity (about 800 birds each generation); all birds are typed as chicks and the potential breeders are typed a second time before mating takes place. A non-inbred broiler breeder line is also maintained, as well as two advanced intercross lines (now at generation F21) initiated by crossing outbred broiler males with females of two distinct, highly inbred lines (Leghorn and Fayoumi).<br />

Publications

<b>REFEREED JOURNAL PAPERS:</b><br /> <p>Cheng, H.H., Kaiser, P., and Lamont, S.J. 2013. Integrated genomic approaches to enhance genetic resistance in chickens. Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. 2013. 1:239–260<br /> <p>Coble, D.J., Sandford, E. E., Ji, T., Abernathy, J., Fleming, D., Zhou, H., and Lamont, S.J. 2013. Impacts of Salmonella enteritidis infection on liver transcriptome in broilers. Genesis 51:357–364<br /> <p><b>BOOKS AND CHAPTERS IN BOOKS:</b><br /> <p>Cheng, H.H. and Lamont, S.J. 2013 Genetics of disease resistance. Pp. 70-86. In: Diseases of Poultry. 13th ed. D. E. Swayne, J.R. Glisson, L.R. McDougald, V. Nair, L. Nolan, and D.L. Suarez, Eds. Wiley-Blackwell, Ames<br /> <p>Lamont, S.J., Dekkers, J.C.M., and Zhou, H. 2014. Immunogenetics and mapping immunological functions. Pp. 205-221. In: Avian Immunology. F. Davison, B. Kaspars, P. Kaiser, K.A. Schat, Eds., Elsevier, London, San Diego<br /> <p><b>PUBLISHED ABSTRACTS:</b><br /> <p>Wang, Y., Li, J., Li, Q., Hu, X., Li, N. Hu, S., Brahmakshatriy, V., Lupiani, B., Reddy, S., Lamont, S.J., and Zhou, H. 2013. Effects of avian influenza virus infection on the transcriptome and the DNA methylome in two genetically distinct chicken lines using next generation sequencing. Plant & Animal Genome XXI, January 2013, San Diego, CA<br /> <p>Wang, Y., Lupiani, B., Reddy, S., Wang, H., Chen, R., Lamont, S.J., and Zhou, H. 2013. Lung transcriptome following avian influenza virus infection in two genetically distinct chicken inbred lines using RNA-seq. Epigenetics Conference, June 2013, Japan<br /> <p>Zhou, H.J., Wang, Y., Lamont, S.J., and Ross, P. 2013. Re-annotation of chicken genome using RNA-seq data. Proc. Poultry Sci. Ann. Mtg. San Diego, CA<br /> <p>Zavelo. A.E., Schmidt, C.J., Rothschild, M.F., Persia, M.E., Lamont, S.J., and Ashwell, C.M. 2013. Major histocompatibility complex

Impact Statements

1. Detailed knowledge of immune gene structure and functional genomics, and associations of SNPs and biomarkers with specific immune traits, will allow genetic selection to enhance innate disease resistance in poultry stocks, thereby improving bird health and production.
2. Identifying crucial genes in biological response pathways will aid in the rational design of vaccines, and in determining which genes or pathways are expected to have broad versus narrow protective effects.
3. Studies on the host response to food-safety bacteria may decrease the potential for microbiological contamination of poultry products.
4. Knowledge on the interactions of heat stress and inflammatory response may suggest methods for better management of poultry health and production in hot climates.

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