NCCC208: Nutrition and Management of Feedlot Cattle to Optimize Performance, Carcass Value and Environmental Compatibility (NCT192)

(Multistate Research Coordinating Committee and Information Exchange Group)

Status: Inactive/Terminating

Project Menu

SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[07/29/2009] [07/26/2010] [09/03/2011] [07/13/2012] [09/09/2013]

Date of Annual Report: 07/29/2009

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 05/19/2009 - 05/21/2009
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2008 - 09/01/2009

Participants

Brown, Mike (msbrown@mail.wtamu.edu)-West Texas A&M University
Loerch, Steve (Loerch.1@osu.edu)-Ohio State University
Loy, Dan (dloy@iastate.edu) - Iowa State University
Vasconcelos, Judson (vasconcelos2@unl.edu) -University of Nebraska
Rust, Steven (rust@msu.edu)- Michigan State University
Wagner, John (John.Wagner@colostate.edu)Colorado State University
Williams, Jim (williamsje@missouri.edu) University of Missouri
Randunz, Amy University of Wisconsin
Turzillo, Adele (aturzillo@csrees.usda.gov) CSREES
Schoomaker, Jon (jschoonm@purdue.edu)Purdue University
Holland, Ben South Dakota State University
Shike, Dan University of Illinois
Swanson, Kendall (kswanson@uoguelph.ca)invited guest, University of Guelph, ON

Participants Attachment:

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Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

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Accomplishments

Short-term Outcomes: Use of the growing supply of biofuel co-products in cattle diets increases the economic sustainability of beef cattle production without impacting beef quality or safety. The research projects identified the impact of inclusion rates of corn co-products on average daily gain, feed to gain and carcass characteristics. The impact of co-products appears to be greater in dry rolled or high moisture than steam-flaked corn diets.. Adoption of co-product feeding in the feedlots has been significant. Survey results indicate that nearly 91% of cattle on feed in Nebraska in 2007 were fed corn-co-products. This high adoption rate demonstrates the producers confidence in the use of corn co-products in feedlot diets to maintain performance, food safety and profitability.. In addition, valuing manure at 2008 fertilizer nutrient prices and feeding 20% or 40% WDGS instead of feeding corn-based diets improved the profitability by $7 to $17 per steer finished ($4 to $11 per ton of manure) due to the higher nitrogen and phosphorous levels in the manure. Furthermore, limit feeding corn co-product was shown to extend forage supplies in beef cow calf operations. Glycerol, a co-product of soy biodiesel, can replace up to 15% of corn in feedlot rations as well. This research on feeding biofuel co-products contributes to the confidence and high adoption rates that have saved beef producers millions of dollars annually and significantly increase the value of co-products to biofuel producers. Research on production systems identified production, quality, profit and risk management opportunities for beef producers. Multiple year comparisons of calf-fed and yearling programs found similar profits between the two programs but less market risk with calf-feds. Factors affecting profitability among steers sired by Simmental or Angus bulls were largely due to yield grade, marbling score, and feed conversion while sire and carcass weight were minor factors. Adoption of these findings will initially improve farm profitability and ultimately reduce beef cost to consumers. Outputs: In the last year members of the project produced: " 48 Peer reviewed journal articles or book chapters " 108 Technical articles and extension publications " 89 Abstracts " 82 Presentations " 12 Courses or curriculums. Activities: A total of 80 research trials covering 4 objectives were conducted and reported upon by members of the project. Objective 1. To enhance the utilization of alternative feedstuffs including those which are available as a result of increased biofuel production while reducing reliance on cereal grains. " The effect of ensilage storage duration and proportion of wet distillers grains and straw on in situ dry matter disappearance. " Influence of starch intake at a young age on gene expression in early-weaned steers. " Effects of feeding wet distillers grain plus solubles on feedlot manure value. " Effect of dietary cation-anion difference on feedlot performance, nitrogen mass balance and manure pH in open feedlot pens. " Effect of dietary cation-anion difference on intake and urinary pH in high concentrate diets. " Composting or stockpiling feedlot manure: Nutrient concentration and recovery. " Effects of environmental factors on body temperature of feedlot cattle. " Effects of surface soil temperature on daily water intake in feedlot cattle. " Profit variability for calf-fed and yearling production systems. " Effects of sorting cattle by weight and time of year on finishing performance, carcass characteristics and economics. " An economic overview of ethanol co-product utilization in Nebraska. " Effect of low phytate corn and phytase on nutrient excretion and performance of feedlot cattle " Effects of wet corn distillers grain with solubles and non-protein nitrogen on growth performance and carcass characteristics of yearling steers. " Reducing phosphorus inputs for grazing Holstein steers. " Beef cattle feeding in a bedded hoop barn:Three year summary. Objective 2. To enhance quality and safety of beef through emerging pre-harvest technologies and management strategies. " The impact of trace mineral source, water quality, and short term chlorine supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing steers. " Effect of feeding ethanol by-products on performance and marbling deposition in steers fed high-concentrate or high-forage diets. " Isolation, identification, and effects of the co-culture of M. Elsdenii, strain RK02 and E. Faecium, strain RK03 on ruminal fermentation in vitro. " Effects of Megasphaera elsdenii (RK02) with Enterococcus faecium (RK03) on fermentation characteristics in the rumen of steers fed a concentrate diet and of steers induced into acute acidosis. " Impact of distillers grain and glycerin on cattle fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 " Feeding distillers grains and E. coli O157:H7. " Effect of dietary vitamin A and D on finishing beef cattle. " The influence of feeding various levels of wet and dry corn distillers grain to yearling steers on carcass characteristics, meat quality and retail case life of longissimus muscle. " Genotype by diet effect on fatty acid profile of intramuscular fat in beef steers. " Extended withdrawal of zilpaterol hydrochloride: Effects on performance, carcass traits, meat tenderness and retail cutout of finishing beef steers. " Effects of dietary fat and crude protein on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, circulating plasma metabolites, and meat quality in steers fed differing levels of distillers dried grains with solubles. " Effects of added protein and dietary fat on lamb performance and carcass characteristics when fed differing levels of dried distillers grain with solubles. " Effects of distillers dried grain with solubles and crude glycerin on performance, carcass characteristics, and metabolite concentrations in early weaned beef calves. " Effects of differing levels of glycerol supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics in feedlot steers. " Effects of crude glycerin on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of market lambs. " Effects of crude glycerin on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing wether lambs. Objective 3. To enhance the environmental sustainability of the feedlot industry through N, P, K, and S management by improving nutrient utilization and excreted nutrient conservation. " The effect of beta-agonists and crude protein withdrawal on growth performance, nitrogen retention, nitrogen excretion and ammonia emissions from the surface of feedlot pens. " Oscillating dietary protein in finishing cattle rations to reduce nitrogen inputs, with or without subcutaneous implants does not affect performance or final carcass composition. " Influence of feed efficiency on profitability of individually fed feedlot cattle. " Feedlot performance of Holstein steers fed treated-wheat straw-distillers grain diets as a corn replacement pellet. " Understanding biological sources of variation in residual feed intake. " Factors affecting profitability of steers sired by Simmental and Angus bulls. " Animal performance, storage losses and feasibility of ensiling a mixture of Tub ground low quality hay and wet distillers grain for growing cattle. " Evaluation of beef growing and finishing systems to reduce corn use. " Effects of feeding distillers grain on fat deposition in feedlot cattle. " Timing of Optaflexx inclusion in feedlot diets on performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers. " Value of spayed heifers during backgrounding, and evaluation of implant strategies for spayed and intact heifers during the finishing phase " Evaluation of interventions to reduce negative effects of S in distillers grain-based diets " The assessment of complex I concentration in muscle mitochondria of crossbred steers with high and low residual feed intake (RFI). " Relationship between residual feed intake, diet, production traits and serum concentrations of glucose, insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in beef steers. " Limiting time of access to round bales of hay with additional co-product supplementation for wintering fall-calving beef cows. " Using wet corn gluten feed to adapt cattle to finishing diets. " The effects on ruminal pH, feed intake and digestibility when using wet corn gluten feed to adapt cattle to finishing diets. " Effect of the grains-to-solubles ratio in diet containing wet distillers grain ± solubles fed to finishing steers. " Effects of substituting wet distillers grain with solubles in a wet corn gluten feed-based diet on finishing performance. " Wet gistillers grain plus solubles or solubles in feedlot diets containing wet corn gluten feed. " Cattle performance and economic analysis of diets containing wet distillers grain and dry-rolled or steam-flaked corn. " Effects of wet corn gluten feed and roughage inclusion levels in finishing diets containing modified distillers grain plus solubles. " Effects of roughage source and level with the inclusion of wet distillers grain on ruminal metabolism and nutrient digestibility. " Effects of feeding high levels of byproducts in different combinations to finishing steers. " Sulfur in distillers grain. " Ruminal sulfide levels in corn byproduct diets with varying roughage levels. " Hydrogen sulfide gas levels post feeding. " Effects of Rumensin® and Tylan® in finishing diets with wet distillers grain plus solubles. " Impact of a new direct-fed microbial on intake and ruminal pH. " Effect of weaning and production management strategies on calf growth and carcass traits " Effects of distillers dried grain with solubles on growing and finishing steer intake, performance, carcass characteristics, color and sensory attributes " Effects of dietary prepartum energy source on post-natal skeletal muscle development and growth in offspring of beef cattle. " Effects of limit feeding dried distillers grain on feed efficiency, growth, diet digestibility, and carcass characteristics. " Effects of copper supplementation on cattle limit fed 60% DDGS diets. " Effects of nutrient restriction during early gestation on carcass and organ weights of beef steers. " Effects of dried distillers grain during preconditioning on subsequent wheat pasture and finishing performance of fall-weaned beef steers. " Distillers grain in flaked corn diets. " Performance and economic assessment of two management systems for spring-born calves. " Effects of Mannheimia haemolytica challenge on blood gas, oxygen consumption and net splanchnic flux of volatile fatty acids in fed or fasted steers. " Effect of water consumption on rumen temperature. " Rumen temperature monitoring for determination of health. " Sorting heifers with high risk of bovine respiratory disease based on arrival serum haptoglobin concentration. " Animal performance and blood gas variables of steers pulled and/or treated for Bovine Respiratory Disease. " A comparison of a single vaccination to vaccination and revaccination with a modified live IBRV-BVDV (type 1 and 2)-PI3V-BRSV vaccine in the prevention of bovine respiratory disease. " The effects of co-ensiling wet distillers grain plus solubles with haylage on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of finishing steers. " Effects of an insect growth regulator on growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot heifers. " Effects of a direct-fed microbial containing Bacillus subtilis strains on health and performance of high-risk calves. " A pilot study assessing the efficacy of Morinda Citrifolia extract of health and growth performance of high-risk calves. " Finishing steers with diets based on corn, high-tannin sorghum, or a mix of both: feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and beef sensory attributes. Objective 4. To enhance the health and production efficiency of feedlot cattle through management strategies and technologies which enhance cattle comfort and well-being. " The effect of steam-flaked corn storage method on enzymatic starch availability and in situ dry matter disappearance. Milestones: " Add additional members interested in the project objectives during 2009-10.

Publications

Publications Attachment:

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Impact Statements

Initial results have identified the relative value and optimal inclusion rates of specific biofuel co-products in diets containing dry rolled or steam flaked corn. The impact of co-product feeding on manure nutrients and the value of the manure in cropping systems was evaluated. Initial analysis was completed on the potential for efficiency enhancing technologies to reduce the loss of nutrients to the environment creating a win-win of improved production efficiency and lower cost beef for consumers and improved environmental performance from cattle feedlots.
Members conducted 80 research projects related to the stated objectives. They published 48 peer reviewed journal articles or book chapters, 108 technical articles and extension publications, and 89 abstracts; made 82 presentations and developed 12 courses or curriculums. These activities and outputs have furthered the science on utilizing biofuel co-products, enhancing beef quality and safety, increased environmental sustainability of feedlots through improved nutrient utilization and management and improved the health and production efficiency of feedlot cattle.
Research on production systems identified production, quality, profit and risk management opportunities for beef producers. Multiple year comparisons of calf-fed and yearling programs found similar profits between the two programs but less market risk with calf-feds. Factors affecting profitability among steers sired by Simmental or Angus bulls were largely due to yield grade, marbling score, and feed conversion while sire and carcass weight were minor factors. Adoption of these findings will initially improve farm profitability and ultimately reduce beef cost to consumers.

Date of Annual Report: 07/26/2010

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 05/25/2010 - 05/27/2010
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2008 - 09/01/2009

Participants

Loy, Dan Iowa State
Hansen, Stephanie Hansen Iowa State
Erickson, Galen University of Nebraska
Schoonmaker, Jon Purdue
Loerch, Steve The Ohio State
Felix, Tara The Ohio State
Richards, Chris Oklahoma State
Reinhardt, Chris Kansas State
Holland, Ben South Dakota State
Schaefer, Dan University of Wisconsin
Radunz, Amy University of Wisconsin
Rust, Steve Michigan State
Eun, Jong-Su Utah State
DiCostanzo, Alfredo University of Minnesota
Crawford, Grant University of Minnesota
Brown, Mike West Texas A&M
MacDonald, Jim Texas AgriLife Research

Brief Summary of Minutes

An agenda was prepared and circulated before the meeting and arrangements were made to transport attendees from the Amarillo airport to Canyon as needed.
The meeting was called to order by secretary Mike Brown at 3 pm on May 25, 2010. A conference line was established for the meeting for John Lawrence and Steve Smith to join via telephone. Steve provided an update on the NIFA program and encouraged all to supply stakeholder input by the June 7 deadline to help shape the future direction of the program. Steve Loerch described challenges he has encountered in the time that elapsed between notice of 2 awards last October and receipt of capital the following April to begin the work. Steve Smith indicated that he would welcome helping to address issues like this for the committee.
John Lawrence posed several questions to Steve Smith on the NIFA program. The first question was when to expect the next round of requests for proposals. Steve indicated that they are trying to return to the normal timeline with adequate notice, but indicated that political struggles in Washington could cause a delay in achieving this objective soon. John then asked about the impact of stakeholder input on future requests for proposals. Steve indicated that stakeholder is taken very seriously and there is some potential that such input could redefine all components of NIFA. The impact of the stakeholder input received is likely to have a time delay beyond 1 to 2 years before it is incorporated. Lastly, John asked on the status of review panels. Steve indicated that there is a constant need and it is helpful if interested parties identify their interest areas. Steve indicated that he would be happy to facilitate forwarding the information of interested parties to the appropriate destination.
Johns update included sharing that our committee is current on reporting. We do have a mid-term report due December 15. This report will need to capture impacts from the past 3 years, including collaborations. Alfredo DiCostanzo was identified as a key individual to assist with report preparation due to his previous experience. In future reporting, John encouraged us to focus on complimentarity/synergy/collaboration and to tie our outputs with NIFA initiatives. John further encouraged attendees to supply stakeholder input and young and mid-career scientists to volunteer for review panels.
Following these updates, potential locations for the meeting next year were discussed. Our committee historian, Steve Loerch, had previously provided a thorough listing of previous locations hosting the annual meeting (see below). After thorough discussion, it was decided that South Dakota State would be the most suitable location for the meeting on May 24 to 26, 2011. Ben Holland was elected secretary for the upcoming year by unanimous vote. Purdue University was identified as a potential location for the 2012 meeting.

1982 Illinois 1983 Missouri 1984 Michigan St 1985 Ohio State
1986 Purdue 1987 South Dakota State 1988 Iowa State 1989 Nebraska
1990 Wisconsin 1991 Garden City, KS 1992 Purdue 1993 Illinois
1994 MARC, Clay Center, NE 1995 Minnesota
1996 South Dakota State 1997 Colorado State 1998 Michigan State
1999 St. Louis 2000 Iowa State 2001 Kansas City 2002 Concord, NE
2003 North Dakota State 2004 Colorado State 2005 Illinois
2006 Wisconsin 2007 Kansas State 2008 Oklahoma State 2009 Michigan State

The business meeting concluded at 4:15 PM. The committee began the first station reports at that time and concluded the presentation of reports for the evening at 7:30 pm. The group then adjourned for dinner and discussion at the Lone Star Grill.
On the morning of 5/26, the group traveled to Lubbock to tour the Texas Tech Burnett Center and talk with Mike Galyean about research capabilities. We returned to Canyon at approximately 12:30 pm for lunch at the El Patio restaurant. From there, the group traveled to Bushland to tour the shared facilities of the USDA ARS Conservation and Production Laboratory and the Texas AgriLife Research station with Andy Cole and Jim MacDonald. The group then traveled to rural Canyon to tour the WTAMU Research Feedlot until approximately 6:00 pm. Station reports were continued until 8:30 pm. Attendees were then transported to the hotel and joined for dinner at the Buffalo Grill one block from the hotel at 9 pm.
The group reconvened at 8 am for an update on dust and odor research by Andy Cole and Gary Marek (a PhD student working with Brent Auvermann at Texas AgriLife Research in Amarillo). Station reports resumed at approximately 9 am and were concluded by noon at which time the meeting was adjourned.

Accomplishments

IOWA STATE " Short-term Outcomes: There may be a trend for slightly less average daily gain for the highest stocking densities (40 sq. ft./animal; 6% less in the hoop and 3% less in the open front). Implanting a second time resulted in an increase in carcass weights, an almost significant reduction in % Choice but still resulted in a numerical, non-significant increase in carcass value. The relative importance ranking of carcass and management variables confirmed previous work; hot carcass weight and feed to gain were next behind marbling followed by ribeye area. " Outputs: Publications: see Publication section Presentations: New Strategies in Feeding Cattle, Tri State Beef Days, Prairie du Chen, WI and Waukon, IA Feeding Corn Processing and Ethanol, Washington State University, Beef Co-products on the Ranch Information Series (distance presentation) How to Control Costs and Maximize Profit in Feedlot and Cow-Calf Operations, Iowa Veterinary Medical Association Winter Conference, Ames IA Farm Visit Biosecurity Issues, National Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan Development Course, Des Moines, IA Ruminant Animal Feed Management, National Comprehensive Issues Nutrient Management Plan Development Course, Des Moines, IA Extension/Outreach Activities Lawrence, John, Dan Loy, Darrell Busby and Joe Sellers. 2009. Alternative cattle finishing systems to reduce feed cost. Iowa Beef Center Loy, Dan and Darrell Strohbehn. 2009. How to control costs and maximize profit in feedlot and cow-calf operations. Proceedings Iowa Veterinary Medical Association Winter Conference. Loy, Dan. 2009. Improving cattle comfort in the winter. Growing Beef, Vol. 1, Issue 6. Iowa Beef Center. January, 2009. Loy, Dan. 2009. New solutions for wet distillers grains storage challenges. Growing Beef, Vol. 1, Issue 9, May 2009. Loy, Dan. 2009. Fall prep for tackling winter cattle comfort. Growing Beef, Vol. 2, Issue 3, October 2009. Loy, Dan, Joe Sellers, Byron Leu and Daryl Strohbehn. 2009. Supplementing distillers grains to beef cattle grazing on pasture. Iowa Beef Center Bull. IBC 09-02. Aug 2009. Leu, Byron, Joe Sellers and Dan Loy. 2009. Grazing corn residueusing resources and reducing costs. Iowa Beef Center Bull. IBC-09-02. Aug 2009. Loy, Dan. 2009. Understanding hormone use in beef. Iowa Beef Center Factsheet. Courses or Conferences Organized: Cattle Feeders ConferenceA New Era in Management. June 10-11, 2009 " Activities: Effects of Stocking Density on Steer Performance and Carcass Characteristics in Bedded Hoop and Open Front Confinement Facilities: Progress Report Effects of Second Implant on Feedlot Gain and Carcass Traits Assessing the Cost of Beef Quality Revisited KANSAS STATE " Short-term Outcomes: Increasing dose and duration of implant increases performance in both steers and heifers, but implants have a more pronounced effect on marbling score in steers than in heifers. Zilmax increased shear force in steaks by 1.19 lb (P < 0.001), but shear force declined linearly with additional aging (P < 0.01), yielding loin steaks with acceptable shear-force after 14 or 21 d of aging. These data suggest that nutrient restriction does not alter IGF-1 response or subsequent cellular nutrient uptake response due to implants. " Outputs: Publications: see Publication section Presentations: None. Extension/Outreach Activities 02/03/2010 Ottawa Cty Cattlemens Efficiencies of Cow Size 03/16/2010 Pfizer Tech Team Report Implants, Performance, and Quality Grade 11/20/2009 Nemaha Cty Cattlemen's Assn Pharmaceutical use in the fdyd 11/10/2009 Eastern KS Agents Update Efficiencies of Cow Size 11/5/2009 Western KS Agents Update Efficiencies of Cow Size 10/22/2009 Eastern IA VMA Disposition on Quality Grade 10/16/2009 Novartis Vet Consortium Disposition on Quality Grade 10/12/2009 Kansas Vet Consortium Effects of Morbidity on performance 5/20/2009 Gray County Cattle Feeders Feeding Distillers Grains on Quality Grade 5/20/2009 Clark County Cattle Feeders Feeding Distillers Grains on Quality Grade Courses or Conferences Organized: 5/20/2010 Int. Symp. On Beef Cattle Welfare Animal Welfare (and Health) of the Cow/Calf Pair 10/19/2009 Vinitsia State Agr Univ - Ukraine Use of DG in beef cattle 7/28/2009 KSU/Alpharma Research Team Effects of Disposition on Quality Grade 3/3-5/2009 LandOLakes Feedlot Series Grain Processing and Performance 1/14/2009 KS Hay and Grazing Conference By-product Supplementation on Grass " Activities: Implant Programs Affect Performance and Quality Grade. Effects of Extended Withdrawal of Zilpaterol hydrochloride on Performance and Carcass Traits in Finishing Beef Heifers. Effects of nutrient balance and implant status on IGF-1 and PUN concentrations of feedlot calves. MICHIGAN STATE " Short-term Outcomes: The average H2S emissions actually showed a reduction from 40% DGS (123.24 mg/d) to 60% DGS (104.81 mg/d). The use of 6 ppm Mo and 60 ppm Cu did not reduce hydrogen sulfide emissions when 40% DGS diets were fed. Most hydrogen sulfide (~100 %) and ammonia (88.2 %) emissions were from the manure and not eructated by the animal. Most methane emissions were due to eructation (~100 %). Feeding MDGS tended to improve G:F and increased SF with minimal effects on IMF, and no effect on color and tenderness. " Outputs: Publications: see Publication section Presentations: Rust, S. R. 2009. Direct-fed microbials for beef cattle. Seminar to Delegation from Burkina Faso.. Texas A&M Univ. College Station, TX. Rust, S. R. 2009. Direct-fed microbials for beef cattle. Institute Nutrition. Texas A&M Univ. College Station, TX. Rust, S. R. 2009. Mechanism of direct-fed microbials for ruminants. 16th Discover Conf. Food Anim. Agric. Nashville, IN. Rust, S. R. 2009. The changing landscape of co-products from the bio-fuels industry (distillers grain and glycerol). Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse. East Lansing, MI. Rust, S. R. 2009. The changing landscape of co-products from the bio-fuels industry (distillers grain and glycerol). Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse. Bowling Green, OH. Rust, S. R. 2009. The changing landscape of co-products from the bio-fuels industry (distillers grain and glycerol). Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse. Wyoming, ON. Rust, S. R. 2009. Is it always profitable to feed to USDA Choice quality grade? Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse. East Lansing, MI. Rust, S. R. 2009. Is it always profitable to feed to USDA Choice quality grade? Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse. Bowling Green, OH. Rust, S. R. 2009. Is it always profitable to feed to USDA Choice quality grade? Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse. Wyoming, ON. Extension/Outreach Activities Rust, S. R. 2009. Feeding corn screenings to cattle. Anim. Sci. Staff Paper # 554. October. Rust, S. R. 2009. What can I afford to pay for feeder cattle this year? Anim. Sci. Staff Paper #553. Rust, S. R. 2009. Summary of three research trials for 2009 Beef day. Anim. Sci. Staff Paper #552. Casey, B.A., S.R. Rust, and D.B. Buskirk. 2009. Incorporating distillers grain into beef cattle diets. Anim. Sci. Staff Paper # 551. Rust, S. R. 2009. What can I afford to pay for feeder cattle this year?. Cattle Call Newsletter 14(3), 4th Quarter/Autumn, 3-5. Ritchie, H. D., D. B. Buskirk, and S.R.Rust. 2009. Research Updates. American Red Angus Magazine, March, 60,62. Ritchie, H. D., D.B.Buskirk, S.R. Rust. 2009. Beef Research Update. American Red Angus Magazine, January, 76,78. Courses or Conferences Organized: Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse " Activities: Effect of Feeding Distillers Grain with a soluble on Hydrogen Sulfide Emissions. Effects of feeding distillers grains on fat deposition in feedlot cattle. Update UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA " Short-term Outcomes: No ECO157 was found either prior to or during the experiment. The pathogen prevalence of cattle fed DGS was similar to previous surveys monitoring of animals not fed DGS. Steers implanted with a Synovex Choice-Synovex Plus combination tended to have greater ADG, and also produced a greater percentage of USDA YG 1 and 2 carcasses and a lower percentage of carcasses grading USDA Choice and higher than steers receiving a single Revalor XS implant. Intact heifers receiving melengestrol acetate had greater performance than spayed heifers during backgrounding. Yeast culture addition in high-sulfur diets increased total H2S compared to HS + without yeast culture, low sulfur without yeast culture, and low sulfur with yeast culture. Concentrations between 1000 and 2000 ppm Mn supplied as MnO demonstrated potential to decrease 24-h H2S production from high-sulfur substrate without reducing microbial fermentation in vitro. Supplementing 1000 ppm Mn in high-S finishing diets may initially maintain higher ruminal pH to reduce cumulative ruminal H2S gas concentration without affecting DMI in feedlot cattle. The two higher starch levels (35 and 60 % DM) resulted in greater (P < 0.05) H2S release. Conversely, no effect (P > 0.05) of dietary sulfur on total H2S release was detected. Ration batches prepared with LIQ supplement appeared to be more consistent across bunks and within bunks, albeit off target for CP and ADF, and less variable for ADF than dry supplement. " Outputs: Publications: see Publication section Presentations: DiCostanzo, A. 2009. Variables affecting beef profits: Whats changed and whats not. Interstate Land OLakesQLF Feedlot Symposium. Cedar Rapids and Council Bluffs, IA, and Sioux Falls, SD. March, 2009. DiCostanzo, A. 2009. Formulation of diets and receiving nutrition challenges. Land O Lakes Alpharma Symposium. July, 2009. DiCostanzo, A. 2009. Managing diets in receiving cattle. Alpharma Feedlot Symposium. Des Moines, IA. September, 2009. DiCostanzo, A. 2009. Stepping cattle up on feed and effects of diet (intake) changes on performance. 95th Annual Meeting. Lewis and Clark Conference. Interstate Veterinary Medical Association, Inc. Sioux City, NE. October, 2009. Extension/Outreach Activities 1/7/09 Measuring profitability in feedlot Alfredo DiCostanzo 1/21/09 Measuring profitability in cow/calf Alfredo DiCostanzo 6/24/09 Cost of creep feeding Alfredo DiCostanzo Courses or Conferences Organized: MN Cattle Feeder Days, December 2009 " Activities: Impact of distillers grains and glycerin on cattle fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 in Minnesota fed cattle. Comparison of a single Revalor XS implant with a Synovex Choice-Synovex Plus implant combination on feedlot steer performance and carcass characteristics. Value of spayed heifers during backgrounding, and evaluation of implant strategies for spayed and intact heifers during the finishing phase Effects of dietary S level (high, HS, or low, LS) and yeast culture (YC or NoYC) inclusion on H2S release in in vitro cultures using adapted (fed YC for 21 d; ADAPT, or not; NoADAPT). Effects of supplemental manganese on ruminal pH and hydrogen sulfide concentration in beef steers fed high-sulfur diets containing distillers grains plus solubles. Effect of starch (5, 35 and 60% of DM) and sulfur (0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 % of DM) on In vitro H2S release. Effects of including 1000 ppm manganese (Mn; supplied as manganese oxide) in high dietary sulfur (S) feedlot diets containing distillers grains plus solubles on ruminal parameters and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration. Nutrient concentration as affected by supplement form (liquid vs dry) in a high moisture finishing ration. UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA " Short-term Outcomes: Ethanol produced in Nebraska has a superior environmental impact compared to ethanol produced in Iowa or Texas. Although the combined producer savings from all three wet co-products totaled nearly $39 million, this value was not net of all cost differences between co-products and corn, including transportation, storage, and handling costs. Feeding WDGS at increased levels in HMC-based diets provided performance superior to DRC with or without WDGS. Percentage N loss was not different between dietary treatments; however, amount of N lost increased with MDGS + fiber due to the greater N intake and excretion. The omasal fatty acid profile of steers fed WDGS is less saturated than cattle fed corn diets with or without corn oil, CCDS, or beef tallow. In addi¬tion, the efficiency of fat and fatty acid absorption was not decreased with high fat feedlot diets. Prices of feed¬stuffs (i.e., corn prices, wet corn gluten feed prices, and pasture and cornstalk rental rates) were the next most impor¬tant factors explaining profit risk after cattle prices. Cattle performance variables and interest rates had the smallest impact on profit varia¬tion. Results indicated standard devia¬tions of calf-fed profits could be reduced by $35-$47/head through routine hedg¬ing. Routine hedges of yearling cattle, however, resulted in profit declining nearly $50/head, but profit variability also decreased. Calf-fed and yearling corn hedging scenarios gener¬ally generated positive average returns to hedging by lowering net corn prices. The yearling corn hedging scenarios initiated closer to feedlot placement were associated with greater average profits as compared to those hedges initiated when yearlings were initially purchased. Steers fed WDGS were 2.1 times more likely (P < 0.01) to shed E. coli O157:H7 than cattle fed CONTROL. Vaccination resulted in cattle that were 43% less likely (P < 0.01) to test positive for E. coli O157:H7 than the unvaccinated cattle. Steers on the TE-IS/ S treatment had a lower (P < 0.01) feed:gain ratio (F:G) compared to those on the Rev-XS and TE-200 treatments. Cattle receiving the TE-IS/S implants and the Rev-XS implant had greater (P < 0.05) final BW and lower F:G (P < 0.05) than the cattle that received the TE-200 treatment. Daily gain was improved (P = 0.04) when comparing TE-IS/S to TE-200, but intermediate for steers that received the Rev-XS treatment. Cattle receiving Revalor XS performed similar to cattle implanted with RevIS-S using a tradi¬tional reimplant program. Diets containing 40% WCGF with high moisture corn fed with Proternative CF or SF did not alter feedlot performance or carcass characteristics. Feeding WDG diets supple¬mented with vitamin E mitigates the surface discoloration of aged beef strip loin steaks during retail display. Values of polyunsaturated, Omega 6 and trans fatty acids linearly increased as levels of modified wet distillers grains increased. Feeding this byproduct increases polyunsaturated, trans and Omega 6 fatty acids in beef. Feeding WDGS increased polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreased18:1 (n-7), which may lead to oxidation and off flavors, respectively. High O2 packaging led to lower tenderness when compared to other packaging methods (P < 0.05), and vitamin E supplementation provided color stability to steaks from animals fed WDGS. Feeding WDGS increased livery and off-flavor intensities and vitamin E supplementation helped to reduce livery flavor when steaks were aged for 28 days. Results demonstrate that increases in the energy level of the diet result in increases in TT. However, the response appears to be dependent on season of year. During cooler and moderately hot periods, cattle change TT in a stair-step or incremental pattern, while under hot conditions, average TT of group-fed cattle moves in conjunction with ambient conditions, indicating that thermoregulatory mechanisms are at or near maximum physiological capacity. Ruminal pH was higher for traditionally adapted steers compared to steers adapted to distillers grains in adaptation diets two and three. Ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentration did not appear to be a problem. These data would indicate that forage inclu¬sion can reduce the risk of polio and that polio is related to ruminal H2S concen¬trations. Steers fed WDGS had lower DMI (P < 0.01) and F:G (P = 0.02) compared to steers fed WCGF. It appears that optimal inclusion of E-corn is 20% of diet DM. " Outputs: Publications: see Publication section Presentations: Beef Producer Roundup sponsored by the Nebraska Beef Council. Presentation on Use of ethanol byproducts by beef cattle. Date: 12/03/2009 Presentation Type: Extension Scope: Statewide Invitation Type: Invited Form-A-Feed customer meeting in Tracy, MN. Presentation on Use of ethanol byproducts. Date: 02/17/2009 Presentation Type: Extension Scope: Regional (Multi-state) Invitation Type: Invited Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Center webcast on Methods to increase manure N in open lots. Date: 02/20/2009 Presentation Type: Extension Scope: National Invitation Type: Invited Elanco Animal Health Feedlot Technical Meeting in Argentina. Presentation via polycom on Designing feedlot programs to solve environmental challenges related to nitrogen and phosphorus. Date: 04/20/2009 Presentation Type: Extension Scope: International Invitation Type: Invited American Association of Bovine Practitioners annual meeting in Omaha. Presentation on Use of wet byproducts versus dry byproducts and implications on mineral nutrition. Date: 09/11/2009 Presentation Type: Extension Scope: National Invitation Type: Invited Extension/Outreach Activities 2009 Husker Nutrition Conference Scope: National Sessions: Program Date: 11/06/2009 Hours Taught: 6.50 Number of Learners: 105 2009 Beef Feedlot Roundtable Scope: Statewide Sessions: Program Date: 02/10/2009 Hours Taught: 7.00 Number of Learners: 110 Program Date: 02/11/2009 Hours Taught: 7.00 Number of Learners: 84 Program Date: 02/12/2009 Hours Taught: 7.00 Number of Learners: 78 Ethanol Co-Product Storage Conference Scope: Regional (Multi-state) Additional States: Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, South Dakota, North Dakota Sessions: Program Date: 06/02/2009 Hours Taught: 2.00 Number of Learners: 110 " Activities: Distillers Grains and Livestock are Important to Ethanol Energy and Greenhouse Gas Balance The Economic Impact of Feeding Wet Corn Co-Products in Nebraska Update: Meta-Analysis of UNL Feedlot Trials Replacing Corn with WDGS Feeding Fiber from Wet Corn Gluten Feed and Corn Silage in Feedlot Diets Containing Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles Metabolism Characteristics of Feedlot Diets Containing Different Fat Sources Determinants of Profit Variability in Calf-Fed and Yearling Production Systems Routine Hedging of Fed Cattle Sales Price for Calf-Fed and Yearling Production Systems Routine Hedging of Corn Price for Calf-Fed and Yearling Production Systems Vaccination to Reduce the Prevalence of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 in Feedlot Cattle Fed Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles Evaluation of a New Single Implant Strategy vs. Two Common Implant Strategies in Beef Finishing Steers Comparison of Revalor-XS vs. Two Common Implant Strategies in Finishing Steers Comparison of Revalor XS to a Revalor IS / Revalor S Implant Strategy in Finishing Steers Evaluation of ProTernative Stress Formula and ProTernative Continuous Fed Formula in a High Energy Feedlot Diet Effect of Wet Distillers Grain Feeding Supplemented with Vitamin E on Case Life of Beef Modified Wet Distillers Grains Finishing Diets May Increase the Levels of Polyunsaturated and Trans Fatty Acids of Beef Fatty Acid Profile of Beef from Steers Fed Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles (WDGS) and Vitamin E Effects of Feeding Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles and Vitamin E on Beef Tenderness and Color Under Different Packaging Systems Wet Distillers Grains Diets Supplemented with Vitamin E Affect Sensory Attributes of Beef m. longissimus lumborum Tympanic Temperature of Steers Fed Different Levels of Metabolic Energy Intake During Summer and Winter Tympanic Temperature Profiles of Confined Beef Cattle Effects of Using Wet Distillers Grains with Solubles to Adapt Cattle to Finishing Diets on Feed Intake, Ruminal pH, and Ruminal Hydrogen Sulfide Concentration Relating Hydrogen Sulfide Levels to Polioencephalomalacia Evaluation of Feedlot and Carcass Performance of Steers Fed Different Levels of E-Corn, a Potential New Feed Product from Ethanol Plants THE OHIO STATE " Short-term Outcomes: Prepartum maternal dietary energy source may alter fetal adipose tissue development and insulin sensitivity resulting in long-term impacts on intramuscular fat deposition. Increasing intakes of DDGS during the growing phase increased marbling while increasing intakes of corn decreased marbling. While 65% DDGS can be successfully limit fed in a growing phase diet, it had 12% less energy for gain than corn. Cattle consuming diets with S above the maximum tolerable limit may be supplemented with Cu to improve Cu absorption and feed efficiency. " Outputs: Publications: see Publication section Presentations: Six extension presentations in Ohio; 2 in Argentina Extension/Outreach Activities None. Courses or Conferences Organized: None. " Activities: Prepartum dietary energy source fed to beef cows: II. Effects on progeny postnatal growth, glucose tolerance, and carcass composition. Effects of limit feeding corn or dried distillers grains (DDGS) at two intakes during the growing phase on feedlot cattle performance. Effects of copper supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of cattle fed diets containing 60% DDGS. OKLAHOMA STATE " Short-term Outcomes: Top functions of IPA network 1 for WP_FP included cellular movement and cellular growth while top functions for IPA network 1 of both SF_FP and PF_FP included lipid metabolism and molecular transport. Cattle challenged with BRD pathogens alter gene expression to promote cellular proliferation and differentiation with concomitant tissue regeneration. These results suggest that muscle wasting via the ubiquitin pathway, as well as increased expression of TNF± may decrease growth potential in heifers treated several times for BRD. These results indicate potential benefits of using rumen temperature boluses to assist in health management of receiving cattle. These data indicate that when fed for 20 d, zilmax improves performance and carcass traits, and has no impact on daily average and maximum core body temperature of finishing beef steers. Muscle and adipose tissue alter expression of cytokines in response to pathogens related to bovine respiratory disease. Supplementation strategies that differ in type and amount of supplement may not influence marbling development by stocker cattle wintered on dormant native range at relatively low energy intakes and rates of gain. The immunological results of the trial showed higher levels of serum IgA, granulocytes, and monocytes as a percentage of white blood cells in the treatment group at 36 hours, 48 hours, and day 7 post-challenge respectively. There were no significant differences between treatments for animals that were negative or positive for E. coli O157:H7 throughout the trial. Less than 20 additional days on feed were required for heifers treated 3 times to have similar weights and carcass characteristics to heifers never treated for BRD. " Outputs: Publications: see Publication section Presentations: 1/22/09. Presented seminar titled Nutrition and Health Needs in the Feedlot at the Novus Beef Retreat, St. Charles, MO. 2/20/09. Presented Use of wet and dry distillers grains in flaked corn feedlot diets at the High Plains Biofuels CoProduct Nutrition Conference. Garden City, KS. 2/20/09. Presented seminar titled Bovine Respiratory Disease, Immune Response, and Animal Growth to the Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames. 3/11/09. Presented Oklahoma beef systems from pasture to plate at the Oklahoma Beef Council Beef from Pasture to Plate Tour for Human Nutritionist. Oklahoma City, OK. 4/10/09. Presented seminar titled Interaction of Nutrition, Health, Management, and Technology to Improve the Efficiency of Cattle Feeding at the Plains Nutrition Council Spring Conference, San Antonio, TX. 4/22/09. Presented seminar titled Animal Species Applications Direct Fed Microbials and Prebiotics Beef Cattle at the Sixteenth ADSA DISCOVER Conference on Food Animal Agriculture: Direct Fed Microbials/Prebiotics for Animals: Science and Mechanisms of Action, Brown County Inn, Nashville, IN. 6/11/09. Presented Nutrient requirements and feed additives for growing calves Barn Talk. Stillwater, OK. 7/1/09. Presented seminar titled A Brief Biographical Sketch of My Research Career and My Vision for a Nutrition Research Unit at the Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE. 7/9/09. Presented Recent receiving calf health findings at the Sparks Center at the Oklahoma Assoc. of Ext. Agric. Agents Conference. Stillwater, OK. 9/24/09. Presented seminar titled Methods to Improve Feed Efficiency in Feedlot Cattle at the 30th Western Nutrition Conference, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. 10/15/09. Presented Two Treatment Protocols Using Draxxin: Impact on Performance, Treatment Response, Body Temperature, and Pathogens from Bronchoalveolar Lavage Specimens at the Pfizer Food Animal Health and Performance Update. Stillwater, OK. Extension/Outreach Activities None. Courses or Conferences Organized: 1. Oklahoma Cattlemens College. July, 2009 2. OSU Master Cattlemen Summit, August 2009 5-State Beef Conference, September 2009 " Activities: Use of microarray to determine genes differentially expressed in muscle and subcutaneous fat of heifers never treated or considered chronically morbid after a 63-d preconditioning program. Effects of different winter growing programs and subsequent finishing on gene expression in different adipose tissue depots in beef steers. Transcriptome analysis of muscle tissue from calves infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus and Mannheimia haemolytica. Effect of times treated for bovine respiratory disease during preconditioning on gene expression in muscle and adipose tissue of beef heifers. Use of rumen temperature for health monitoring in cattle. Zilpaterol hydrochloride impact on core body temperature, performance, and carcass characteristics of finishing steers. Effect of timing of Mannheimia haemolytica challenge following short-term exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1b on serum cytokine concentrations and muscle and fat gene expression changes in growing beef steers. Performance and carcass characteristics of stocker cattle grazing dormant native range. Effects of starch versus fiber-based supplements on adipose tissue gene expression of stocker cattle grazing dormant native range. Comparison of fatty acid profiles of longissimus muscle from Angus and Charolais finishing steers. Feedlot growth performance and carcass characteristics of heifers treated for clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease during preconditioning. Determination of the mechanism(s) by which direct-fed microbials control Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle. PURDUE " Short-term Outcomes: Calcium and vitamin D concentrations will be determined in muscle, liver, and kidney samples. Performance and carcass data will be analyzed and presented at the 2010 meeting. Growth performance and feed efficiency will be evaluated in these progeny from weaning until harvest. Hot carcass weight will be determined at harvest and carcass characteristics will be determined following a 24-48 hr chill. Trial is ongoing; preliminary data will be presented at the 2010 meeting. " Outputs: Publications: see Publication section Presentations: None. Extension/Outreach Activities None. Courses or Conferences Organized: None. " Activities: Effect of dietary vitamin D and zilpaterol hydrochloride (Zilmax) on performance and carcass characteristics of steers. Impact of feeding DDGS to gestating heifers on reproductive performance and subsequent performance of their offspring. SOUTH DAKOTA STATE " Short-term Outcomes: Expression of factors that regulate adipocyte development did differ as a result of maternal nutrition. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations differ in cattle of differing body composition. Cattle finished with protection or in confinement during the winter months in South Dakota had improved growth performance compared to those fed in open pens. " Outputs: Publications: see Publication section Presentations: Nutritional considerations for weaned calves. October 2009. Wessington Springs, SD. Impact of health and disposition on carcass quality. January 2010. Beef 2020. Brookings, SD. Feedbunk management. January 2010. Dakota Southern Cattlemenss Association. Tripp, SD. Preparing your calves for the feedlot. February 2010. Faith Ranchers Forum. Faith, SD. Extension/Outreach Activities None. Courses or Conferences Organized: None. " Activities: Performance of Cattle Finished in Three Different Feedlot Housing Systems. Effects of growing rate of gain on body composition, plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations. Effect of maternal nutrition on fetal adipocyte development. UTAH STATE " Short-term Outcomes: The low DGS and high DGS diets improved ADG and G:F of growing steers, whereas both diets resulted in similar responses on ADG and G:F of finishing steers compared to the C diet. This study indicates that feed enzyme product containing protease activity effectively increased the in vitro degradation of DDGS when it was added at 1.4 mg/g DM. Supplementation of an exogenous proteolytic enzyme product at the dose rate used in this study did not alter growth performance of growing beef steers fed a DDGS-based TMR diet. " Outputs: Publications: see Publication section Presentations: None. Extension/Outreach Activities None. Courses or Conferences Organized: None. " Activities: Influence of replacing barley grain with corn-based dried distillers grains with solubles on production and carcass characteristics of growing and finishing beef steers Effects of exogenous proteolytic enzyme to improve in vitro degradation of dried distillers grains with solubles for ruminants Effects of supplementing an exogenous proteolytic enzyme on growth performance in growing beef steers WEST TEXAS A&M " Short-term Outcomes: Optimum performance for cattle fed 15% WCDG occurred when the diet contained between 1.5 and 3.0% non-protein N, but removing all supplemental non-protein N was necessary to optimize performance in diets containing 30% WCDG. Results suggest that rate of gain on a carcass basis can be improved by feeding DDG with silage, whereas forage source was less important when no DDG was fed. Data suggest that dressed yield, Cu absorption or retention, and cytochrome c oxidase activity may be reduced by WDGS when fed at higher levels in diets based on steam-flaked corn. Growth performance was not influenced by Probios FS Daily under the conditions of the study. " Outputs: Publications: see Publication section Presentations: Intervet technical seminar 'Zilmax Value to Feedyards' meeting, invited talk, April 8, 2009, San Antonio, Texas. 2nd Brazilian Ruminant Nutrition Conference, 2 talks, April 23 and 24, 2009, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Plains Nutrition Council meeting, invited talk, April 9 and 10, 2009, San Antonio, Texas. Academy of Veterinary Consultants Winter Meeting, invited talk on Nutraceuticals for growing and finishing cattle, December 3 to 5, 2009, Denver, Colorado. Extension/Outreach Activities None. Courses or Conferences Organized: None. " Activities: Effects of wet corn distillers grains with solubles on degradable N needs by growing and finishing cattle. Effects of forage source and dry distillers grains on growth performance and carcass characteristics of yearling steers. Effects of the dietary concentration of wet distillers grains with solubles on visceral organ mass, trace mineral balance, and activity of antioxidant and energy metabolism enzymes. Effects of Probios FS Daily on growth performance and carcass characteristics of steer calves fed 15% wet corn distillers grains with solubles. University of Wisconsin " Short-term Outcomes: Using current technologies resulted in more rapid (18%) daily gain, improved (16%) gain:feed, and heavier live final (6%) and hot carcass (8%) weights (P < 0.0001). " Outputs: Publications: see Publication section Presentations: None. Extension/Outreach Activities None. Courses or Conferences Organized: None. " Activities: Economic assessment of the implementation of current technologies in feedlot steer nutritional management.

Publications

Iowa State: Strohbehn, Daryl, Dan Loy, Joe Sellers, Kevin Maher and Dennis Maxwell. 2009. Use of wet distillers grains with soluble mixed with ground hay and bunker stored in a heifer development program. Iowa State Univ. Anim. Industry Rep. ASL-2410 Strohbehn, Daryl, Dan Loy, Joe Sellers, Kevin Maher and Dennis Maxwell. 2009. Evaluation of mixing wet distillers grains with ground hay in a bunker and covering modified distillers grains to extend storage lifea demonstration. Iowa State Univ. Anim. Industry Rep. ALS-R2411 Loy, Dan, Daryl Strohbehn, Dan Morrical, Joe Sellers and Allen Trenkle. 2009. Animal performance, storage losses and feasibility of ensiling a mixture of tub ground low quality hay and wet distillers grains for growing cattle. Iowa State Univ. Anim. Industry Rep. ASL-R2412. Loy, Dan and Allen Trenkle. 2009. Evaluation of beef growing and finishing systems to reduce corn use. Iowa State Univ. Anim. Industry Rep. ASL-R2413. Loy, Dan, Daryl Strohbehn, Joe Sellers and Dan Morrical. 2009. Effectiveness of mixing wet distillers grains and hay with a mixer wagon or a front end loader for long term storage. Iowa State Univ. Anim. Industry Rep. ASL-R2414. Baskett, Joel, Ashley Nelson, Kelsey Vincent, Daryl Strohbehn, Dan Loy, Carl Bern and Thomas Brumm. 2009. Storage and handling of high moisture co-products from ethanol production in beef operationsbeef producer study. Iowa State Univ. Anim. Industry Rep. ASL-R2416. Baskett, Joel, Ashley Nelson, Kelsey Vincent, Daryl Strohbehn, Dan Loy, Carl Bern and Thomas Brumm. 2009. Storage and handling of high moisture co-products from ethanol production in beef operationsfeed specialist and veterinarian study. Iowa State Univ. Anim. Industry Rep. ASL-R2417. Kansas State: Reinhardt, C.D., and L.R. Corah. 2010. Effects of anabolic implants on growth and carcass traits of feedlot steers and heifers: A meta-analysis. J. Anim. Sci. 88 (supp. 2). Lee, T., L.K. Mamedova, S. Guillossou, B.J. Bradford, C.D. Reinhardt, and D.U. Thomson. Effects of nutrient balance and implant status on IGF-1 and PUN concentrations of feedlot calves. J. Anim. Sci. 88 (supp. 2). Thompson, L. K., C. J. Schneider, G. L. Parsons, K. A. Miller, C. D. Reinhardt and J. S. Drouillard. 2010. Effects of initial body composition on carcass characteristics of heifers when fed Zilmax. J. Anim. Sci. 88 (supp. 1). Drouillard, J.S., and C.D. Reinhardt. 2009. Nutritional regulation of intramuscular fat deposition. J. Anim. Sci. 86 (E-supp. 2):124. Parsons, G. L., B. E. Depenbusch, C. D. Reinhardt, D. A. Yates, J. P. Hutcheson, and J. S. Drouillard. 2009. Effects of extended zilpaterol hydrochloride withdrawal on performance, carcass traits, and shear-force value of steaks from finishing heifers. J. Anim. Sci. (supp.2):519. Parsons, G. L., B. E. Depenbusch, C. D. Reinhardt, D. A. Yates, J. P. Hutcheson, and J. S. Drouillard. 2009. Effects of Extended Zilmax Withdrawal on Performance, Carcass Traits, and Shear-force Value of Steaks from Finishing Heifers. Plains Nutrition Council Spring Conference, San Antonio, TX April 8-10, 2009. Refereed Journal Articles and Book Chapters: S. Uwituze, G. L. Parsons, M. K. Shelor, B. E. Depenbusch, K. K. Karges, M. L. Gibson, C. D. Reinhardt, J. J. Higgins, and J. S. Drouillard. 2010. Evaluation of dried distillers grains and roughage source in steam-flaked corn finishing diets. J. Anim. Sci. 88: 258-274. Reinhardt, C. D., W.D. Busby, and L.R. Corah. 2009. Relationship of various incoming cattle traits with feedlot performance and carcass traits. J. Anim. Sci. 87: 3030-3042. Wallace, Justin O., MS; Chris D. Reinhardt, PhD; Daniel U. Thomson, DVM, PhD. 2009. Effects of Concurrent Metaphylaxis with Chlortetracycline and Tulathromycin on High-Risk Cattle Health and Performance. Bov. Pract. 43 (1) : 14-17. Donley, H. J., C.D. Reinhardt, J. J. Sindt, S. P. Montgomery, and J. S. Drouillard. 2009. Evaluating relationships among blood glucose, plasma urea nitrogen, performance, morbidity, and mortality in high-risk feedlot heifers. Bov. Pract. 43 (2):122-127. May, M. L., M. J. Quinn, C. D. Reinhardt, L. Murray, M. L. Gibson, K. K. Karges, and J. S. Drouillard. 2009. Effects of Dry-Rolled or Steam-Flaked Corn Finishing Diets with or without 25% Distillers Dried Grains on Ruminal Fermentation and Apparent Total Tract Digestion. J. Anim. Sci. 87: 3630-3638. Wileman, B.W., D. U. Thomson, C.D. Reinhardt, and D. G. Renter. 2009. Analysis of modern technologies commonly used in beef cattle production: Conventional beef production verses non-conventional production using meta-analysis. J. Anim. Sci. 87: 3418-3426. Stevens, Elliot T., MS, DVM; Daniel U. Thomson, PhD, DVM; Christopher D. Reinhardt, PhD; Nels Lindberg, DVM. 2009. Effect of Testing and Removal of Feeder Calves Persistently Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus at the Time of Feedlot Arrival and Outcome on Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics. Bov Pract 43(2): 117-121 Proceedings and Technical Reports: Chris Reinhardt, Ph.D. 2009. Corn Processing: Getting More Out of What Youve Got. Land O Lakes/Quality Liquid Feeds Feedlot Symposium Series. Cedar Rapids, IA; Council Bluffs, IA; Sioux Falls, SD; March 3-5, 2009. Chris Reinhardt, Ph.D. 2009. Use of Byproduct Feeds for Pasture Supplementation. KSU Hay and Grazing Conference, Manhattan, KS January 14, 2009. J.S. Drouillard and C.D. Reinhardt. 2009. Nutritional influences on marbling score. Midwest Section ASAS, DesMoines, IA March 28, 2009. Experiment Station Publications: Reinhardt, C.D. Implant Programs Affect Performance and Quality Grade. 2010 Beef Cattle Research Report, Report of Progress 1029, Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Thompson, L., C. Schneider, G. Parsons, K. Miller, C. Reinhardt, and J. Drouillard. 2010. Among heifers fed Zilmax leaner, heavier heifers with smaller initial ribeye areas experience more ribeye area growth. 2010 Beef Cattle Research Report, Report of Progress 1029, Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Wallace, J. O., C. D. Reinhardt, and D. U. Thomson. 2009. Concurrent Metaphylaxis with Aureomycin and Draxxin in High-Risk Calves Has No Additive Effects on Cattle Health and Performance. 2009 Beef Cattle Research Report. Report of Progress 1010, Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Wallace, J. O., J. S. Drouillard, and C. D. Reinhardt. Dried Corn Germ in Natural Finishing Programs Reduces Incidence of Liver Abscess. 2009 Beef Cattle Research Report. Report of Progress 1010, Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Black, P. L., G. L. Parsons, M. K. Shelor, K. K. Karges, M. L. Gibson, C. D. Reinhardt, and J. S. Drouillard. 2009. Feeding Steam-Flaked Diets With and Without Dry-Rolled Corn and Dried Distillers Grains Results in Similar Feedlot Performance. Report of Progress 1010, Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Michigan State: Ungerfeld, E. M., S. R.Rust, R. Burnett. 2009. The effects of thiamine inhibition on ruminal fermentation: a preliminary study. Folia Microbiologica 54 (6): 521-526. Proceedings and Technical Reports: Casey, B.A., S. R. Rust, and D.B. Buskirk.. 2009. Incorporating distillers grain in beef cattle diets. Mich. State Univ. Extension Bull. E-3074, November Abstracts Casey, B. A., S.R. Rust, and J.P. Grobbel. 2009. Effects of feeding distiller's grains on fat deposition in feedlot cattle. American Society of Animal Science, March 17. University of Minnesota: J. M. Cassady, T. D. Maddock, A. DiCostanzo and G. C. Lamb. 2009. Body composition and estrous cyclicity responses of heifers of distinct body conditions to energy restriction and repletion. J. Anim. Sci. 87:22552261. J. M. Cassady, T. D. Maddock, A. DiCostanzo and G. C. Lamb. 2009. Initial body condition score affects hormone and metabolite response to nutritional restriction and repletion in yearling postpubertal beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 87:22622273. M. Blanch, S. Calsamiglia, N. DiLorenzo, A. DiCostanzo, S. Muetzel and R. J. Wallace. 2009. Physiological changes in rumen fermentation during acidosis induction and its control using a multivalent polyclonal antibody preparation in heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 87:17221730. J. M. Kelzer, C. R. Dahlen, G. I. Crawford, and A. DiCostanzo. 2009. Timing of Optaflexx inclusion in feedlot diets on performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 87E(Suppl. 3.):79-80. DiCostanzo, A. 2009. Nutritional Effects of Cow Size. MN Cow-Calf and Cattle Feeder Days Proceedings. 2009. CD format. University of Nebraska: Corrigan, M. E., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, M. K. Luebbe, K. J. Vander Pol, N. F. Meyer, C. D. Buckner, S. J. Vanness, and K. J. Hanford. 2009. Effect of corn processing method and corn wet distillers grains plus solubles inclusion level in finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 87: 3351-3362. Folmer, J. D., T. B. Farran, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, C. D. Reinhardt, B. D. Dicke, J. S. Drouillard, M. N. Streeter, and J. T. Vasconcelos. 2009. Evaluation of Revalor-IH and Revalor-IS as initial implants compared with traditional initial implants for finishing heifers and steers. Prof. Anim. Scient. 25:580-585. Griffin, W. A., G. E. Erickson, B. D. Dicke, T. J. Klopfenstein, R. J. Cooper, D. J. Jordon, R. S. Swingle, W. M. Moseley, G. E. Sides, and D. J. Weigel. 2009. Effects of ractopamine (optaflexx) fed in combination with melengesterol acetate on feedlot heifer performance. Prof. Anim. Scient. 25:33-40. Harrelson, F. W., M. K. Luebbe, N. F. Meyer, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, D. S. Jackson, and W. A. Fithian. 2009. Influence of corn hybrid and processing method on nutrient digestibility, finishing performance, and carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 87:2323-2332. Luebbe, M. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and W. A. Fithian. 2009. Influence of corn hybrid traits and processing method on nutrient digestibility. Prof. Anim. Scient. 25:496-509. Meyer, N. F., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, M. A. Greenquist, M. K. Luebbe, P. Williams, and M. A. Engstrom. 2009. Effect of essential oils, tylosin, and monensin on finishing steer performance, carcass characteristics, liver abscesses, ruminal fermentation, and digestibility. J. Anim. Sci. 87:2346-2354. Vander Pol, K. J., M. K. Luebbe, G. I. Crawford, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2009. Performance and digestibility characteristics of finishing diets containing distillers grains, composites of corn processing coproducts, or supplemental corn oil. J. Anim. Sci. 87:639-652 Corrigan, M. E., T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, N. F. Meyer, K. J. Vander Pol, M. A. Greenquist, M. K. Luebbe, K. K. Karges, and M. L. Gibson. 2009. Effects of level of condensed distillers solubles in corn dried distillers grains on intake, daily body weight gain, and digestibility in growing steers fed forage diets. J. Anim. Sci. 87:40734081. Greenquist, M. A., T. J. Klopfenstein, W. H. Schacht, G. E. Erickson, K. J. Vander Pol, M. K. Luebbe, K. R. Brink, A. K. Schwarz, and L. B. Baleseng. 2009. Effects of nitrogen fertilization and dried distillers grains supplementation: Forage use and performance of yearling steers. J. Anim. Sci. 87: 3639-3646. Griffin, W. A., T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, D. M. Feuz, K. J. Vander Pol, and M. A. Greenquist. 2009. Effect of sorting and optaflexx supplementation on feedlot performance and profitability of long yearling steers. Prof. Anim. Scient. 25:273-282. Liska, A. J., H. S. Yang, V. R. Bremer, T. J. Klopfenstein, D. T. Walters, G. E. Erickson, and K. G. Cassman. 2009. Improvements in life cycle energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions of corn-ethanol. J. Industrial Ecology 13:58-74. Moxley R. A., D. R. Smith, M. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and D. Rogan. 2009. Escherichia coli O157:H7 vaccine dose-effect in feedlot cattle. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 6:879-884. Sellin, M. K., D. D. Snow, S. T. Gustafson, G. E. Erickson, A. S. Kolok. 2009. The endocrine activity of beef cattle wastes: Do growth-promoting steroids make a difference? Aquatic Toxicology 92:221-227. Smith, D. R., R. A. Moxley, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. A randomized longitudinal trial to test the effect of regional vaccination within a cattle feedyard on Escherichia coli O157:H7 rectal colonization, fecal shedding, and hide contamination. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 6:885-892. Smith, D. R., R. A. Moxley, R. E. Peterson, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, G. Bretschneider, E. M. Berberov, and S. Clowser. 2009. A two-dose regimen of a vaccine against type III secreted proteins reduced Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonization of the terminal rectum in beef cattle in commercial feedlots. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 6:155-161. Adams, D. R., M. K. Luebbe, W. A. Griffin, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. Effects of sorting cattle by weight and time of year on finishing performance, carcass characteristics and economics. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:43-46. Benton, J. R., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, M. K. Luebbe, and R. U. Lindquist. 2009. Effects of wet corn gluten feed and roughage inclusion levels in finishing diets containing modified distillers grains plus solubles. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:70-72. Benton, J. R., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, N. F. Meyer, and C. D. Buckner. 2009. Effects of roughage source and level with the inclusion of wet distillers grains on ruminal metabolism and nutrient digestibility. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:73-75. Bremer, V. R., J. R. Benton, M. K. Luebbe, K. J. Hanford, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and R. A. Stock. 2009. Wet distillers grains plus solubles or solubles in feedlot diets containing wet corn gluten feed. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:64-65. Bremer, V. R., T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, R. K. Koelsch, R. E. Massey, and J. Vasconcelos. 2009. Effects of feeding wet distillers grains plus solubles on feedlot manure value. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:89-90. de Mello Jr., A. S., C. R. Calkins, B. E. Jenschke, L. S. Senaratne, M. E. R. Dugan, T. Carr, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. Fatty acid profile of three beef muscle from yearlings and calf-fed steers fed wet distillers grains plus solubles. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:107-109. de Mello, Jr., A., C. R. Calkins, B. E. Jenschke, L. S. Senaratne, M. E. R. Dugan, T. Carr, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. Modified wet distillers grains finishing diets may increase the levels of polyunsaturated and trans fatty acids of beef. MP92:118-119. Godsey, C. M., M. K. Luebbe, J. R. Benton, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2009. Effect of the grains-to-solubles ratio in diets containing wet distillers grains ± solubles fed to finishing steers. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:59-61. Godsey, C. M., W. A. Griffin, M. K. Luebbe, J. R. Benton, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2009. Cattle performance and economic analysis of diets containing wet distillers grains and dry-rolled or steam-flaked corn. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:66-69. Greenquist, M. A., T. J. Klopfenstein, W. H. Schacht, G. E. Erickson, K. J. Vander Pol, M. K. Luebbe, K. R. Brink, A. K. Schwarz, and L. B. Baleseng. 2009. Replacing fertilizer nitrogen with dried distillers grains supplement to yearling steers grazing bromegrass pastures: Daily gain and nitrogen use efficiency. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:22-24. Greenquist, M. A., T. J. Klopfenstein, W. H. Schacht, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. Replacing fertilizer nitrogen with dried distillers grains supplement to yearling steers grazing bromegrass pastures: Economics and modeling. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92: 25-27. Huls, T. J., M. K. Luebbe, W. A. Griffin, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and R. A. Stock. 2009. Using wet corn gluten feed to adapt cattle to finishing diets. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:53-55. Huls, T. J., N. F. Meyer, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and R. A. Stock. 2009. The effects on ruminal pH, feed intake and digestibility when using wet corn gluten feed to adapt cattle to finishing diets. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:56-58. Kovarik, L. M., M. K. Luebbe, R. J. Rasby, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. Limit feeding beef cows with bunkered wet distillers grains plus solubles or distillers solubles. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:11-12. Luebbe, M. K. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, M. A. Greenquist, and J. R. Benton. 2009. Effect of dietary cation-anion difference on feedlot performance, nitrogen mass balance and manure pH in open feedlot pens. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:91-93. Luebbe, M. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and N. F. Meyer. 2009. Effect of dietary cation-anion difference on intake and urinary pH in high concentrate diets. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:94-95. Luebbe, M. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and J. R. Benton. 2009. Composting or stockpiling feedlot manure: Nutrient concentration and recovery. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:96-98. Meyer, N. F., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, J. R. Benton, M. K. Luebbe, and S. B. Laudert. 2009. Effects of Rumensin® and Tylan® in finishing diets with wet distillers grains plus solubles. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:86-88. Nichols, C. A., M. K. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, R. A. Stock, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2009. Effects of substituting wet distillers grains with solubles in a wet corn gluten feed-based diet on finishing performance. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:62-63. Nuttelman, B. L., M. K. Luebbe, J. R. Benton, T. J. Klopfenstein, L. A. Stalker, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. Energy value of wet distillers grains in high forage diets. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:28-29. Peterson, M. M., M. K. Luebbe, R. J. Rasby, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, and L. M. Kovarik. 2009. Level of wet distillers grains plus solubles and solubles ensiled with wheat straw for growing steers. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92: 35-36. Rolfe, K. M., N. F. Meyer, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and R. A. Mass. 2009. Impact of a new direct-fed microbial on intake and ruminal pH. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:99-101. Senartatne, L. S., C. R. Calkins, A. S. de Mello Jr., T. P. Carr, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. Fatty acid composition of beef from cattle fed set distillers grains diets supplemented with vitamin E. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:110-112. Senaratne, L. S., C. R. Calkins, A. S. de Mello Jr., and G. E. Erickson. 2009. Vitamin E mitigates the boost in lipid oxidation of beef due to wet distillers grains feeding. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:113-115. Senaratne, L. S., C. R. Calkins. A. S. de Mello Jr., G. A. Sullivan, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. Effect of set distillers grain feeding supplemented with vitamin E on case life of beef. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:116-117. Vanness, S. J., T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, and K. K. Karges. 2009. Suflur in distillers grains. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:79-80. Vanness, S. J., N. F. Meyer, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. Ruminal sulfide levels in corn byproduct diets with varying roughage levels. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:81-83. Vanness, S. J., N. F. Meyer, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. Hydrogen sulfide gas levels post feeding. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:84-85. Waterbury, J. A., D. R. Mark, R. J. Rasby, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. An economic budget for determining co-product storage costs. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:20-21. Waterbury, J. A., D. R. Mark, S. M. Thoms, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2009. An economic overview of ethanol co-product utilization in Nebraska. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:50-52. Wilken, M. F., M. K. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and J. R. Benton. 2009. Feeding corn distillers solubles or wet distillers grains plus solubles and cornstalks to growing calves. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:30-32. Wilken, M., T. L. Mader, G. E. Erickson, and L. J. Johnson. 2009. Comparison of dry distillers or modified wet distillers grains plus solubles in wet or dry forage-based diets. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:33-34. Wilken, M. F., M. K. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and J. R. Benton. 2009. Effects of feeding high levels of byproducts in different combinations to finishing steers. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:76-78. Abstracts: Erickson, G. E., and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2009. Nutritional and management methods to decrease nitrogen losses from beef feedlots. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 87. E-Suppl. 2:370. Benton, J. R., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, M. K. Luebbe, and R. U. Lindquist. 2009. Effects of wet corn gluten feed and roughage inclusion levels in finishing diets containing modified distillers grains plus solubles. J. 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Erickson, 2009. A meta-analysis evaluation of supplementing dried distillers grains plus solubles to cattle consuming forage based diets. . J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 87. E-Suppl. 2:136. Griffin, W. A., T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson. D. R. Mark, and K. M. Rolfe. 2009. The economic impact of increasing corn price and supplementation decisions on economics of beef production systems. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 87, E-Suppl. 3:56. Griffin, W. A., B. L. Nuttelman, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, L. A. Stalker, J. A. Musgrave, and R. N. Funston. 2009. The effect of supplementing dried distillers grains to steers grazing cool season meadow. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 87, E-Suppl. 3:99. Huls, T. J., M. K. Luebbe, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, W. A. Griffin, R. A. Stock, and D. R. Mark. 2009. Utilizing wet corn gluten feed instead of roughage during grain adaptation in finishing feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 87, E-Suppl. 3:262. Nichols, C. A., G. E. Erickson, J. T. Vasconcelos, M. N. Streeter, B. D. Dicke, D. J. Jordon, R. J. Cooper, T. L. Scott, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2009. Comparison of Revalor XS, a new single dose implant, to a Revalor IS and Ravalor S implant strategy in finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 87, E-Suppl. 3:252. Nichols, C. A. Nichols, J. T. Vasconcelos, G. E. Erickson, S. A. Frman, J. J. Sindt, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2009. Evaluation of component TE-IS with Tylan followed by componet TE-S with Tylan vs. a single component TE-200 with Tylan or a single Ravalor XS implant in beef finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 87, E-Suppl. 3:253. Nichols, M. K. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, R. A. Stock, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2009. Effects of substituting wet distillers grains with solubles in a wet corn gluten feed based diet on finishing performance. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 87, E-Suppl. 3:264. Nuttelman, B. L., M. K. Luebbe, J. R. Benton, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. 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Use of microarray to determine genes differentially expressed in muscle and subcutaneous fat of heifers never treated or considered chronically morbid after a 63-d preconditioning program. Plains Nutr. Council Spring Conf. Publ. p. 95. Texas A&M Research and Extension Center, Amarillo. Johnson, J., D. R. Stein, L. O. Burciaga-Robles, B. P. Holland, D. L. Step, J. W. Ritchey, U. DeSilva, and C. R. Krehbiel. 2009. Effect of times treated for bovine respiratory disease during preconditioning on gene expression in muscle and adipose tissue of beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 87(E-Suppl. 2/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 92, E-Suppl. 1):527. Kinman, L.A., D.L. VanOverbeke, C.J. Richards, J. Morgan, G. Hilton, C. Krehbiel, and R. Hicks. 2009. The influence of feeding various levels of wet and dry corn distillers grains to yearling steers on carcass characteristics, meat quality, retail case life and fatty acid profiles of longissimus muscle. Annual Meeting of the Institute of Food Technology. 027-25. Lancaster, P. A., E. D Sharman, G. W. Horn, C. R. Krehbiel, D. R. Stein, and U. DeSilva. 2009. Effects of starch versus fiber-based supplements on adipose tissue gene expression of stocker cattle grazing dormant native range. J. Anim. Sci. 87(E-Suppl. 3):115. Lunsford, A. K., J. W. Dillwith, C. R. Krehbiel, and R. G. Mateescu. 2009. Comparison of fatty acid profiles of longissimus muscle from Angus and Charolais finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 87(E-Suppl. 2/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 92, E-Suppl. 1):530. Mills, R. L., L. Carlos-Valdez, L. O. Burciaga-Robles, D. Stein, D. L. Step, R. W. Fulton, U. DeSilva, and C. R. Krehbiel. 2009. Microarray analysis of muscle tissue from beef calves using an experimental model of acute bovine respiratory disease. Page 83 in Proc. Bovine Respiratory Disease Symposium, Colorado Springs, CO. Mills, R. L., L. Carlos-Valdez, L. O. Burciaga-Robles, D. Stein, D. L. Step, R. W. Fulton, U. DeSilva, and C. R. Krehbiel. 2009. Transcriptome analysis of muscle tissue from calves infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus and Mannheimia haemolytica. J. Anim. Sci. 87(E-Suppl. 2/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 92, E-Suppl. 1):526. Sharman, E. D., P. A. Lancaster, G. G. Hilton, C. R. Krehbiel, H. T. Purvis, and G. W. Horn. 2009. Performance and carcass characteristics of stocker cattle grazing dormant native range. J. Anim. Sci. 87(E-Suppl. 3):114. Sharman, E. D., P. A. Lancaster, G. G. Hilton, C. R. Krehbiel, H. T. Purvis, D. R. Stein, U. DeSilva, and G. W. Horn. 2009. Effects of type and amount of supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, and gene expression of adipose tissue in steers wintered on dormant native range. Plains Nutr. Council Spring Conf. Publ. p. 103. Texas A&M Research and Extension Center, Amarillo. Sims, L. E., T. K. Dye-Rose, C. L. Goad, B. P. Holland, L. O. Burciaga-Robles, D. L. Step, C. R. Krehbiel, and C. J. Richards. 2009. Use of rumen temperature for health monitoring in cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 87(E-Suppl. 2/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 92, E-Suppl. 1):120. Sims, L. E., T. K. Dye-Rose, B. P. Holland, L. O. Burciaga-Robles, D. L. Step, C. R. Krehbiel, and C. J. Richards. 2009. Continuous rumen temperature monitoring for bovine respiratory disease detection. Page 77 in Proc. Bovine Respiratory Disease Symposium, Colorado Springs, CO. Stein, D., A. Pillai, U. DeSilva, C. R. Krehbiel, G. W. Horn, M. McCurdy, J. J. Wagner, P. Ayoubi, J. B. Morgan, and R. D. Geisert. 2009. Effects of different winter growing programs and subsequent finishing on gene expression in different adipose tissue depots in beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 87(E-Suppl. 3):75. Terrill, S. J., C. R. Krehbiel, R. D. Madden, J. W. Dillwith, and L. O. Burciaga-Robles. 2009. Identification of bovine respiratory disease related metabolic fingerprints in beef steers. Plains Nutr. Council Spring Conf. Publ. p. 104. Texas A&M Research and Extension Center, Amarillo. Wahrmund, J. L., B. P. Holland, C. R. Krehbiel, M. N. Streeter, D. A. Yates, J. P. Hutcheson, W. T. Nichols, C. L. Goad, and C. J. Richards. 2009. Performance, carcass traits, and core body temperature of finishing beef cattle offered zilpaterol hydrochloride. Plains Nutr. Council Spring Conf. Publ. p. 107. Texas A&M Research and Extension Center, Amarillo. Wahrmund, J. L., B. P. Holland, C. R. Krehbiel, M. N. Streeter, D. A. Yates, J. P. Hutcheson, W. T. Nichols, C. L. Goad, and C. J. Richards. 2009. Zilpaterol hydrochloride impact on core body temperature, performance, and carcass characteristics of finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 87(E-Suppl. 2/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 92, E-Suppl. 1):293. Dye-Rose, T.K., C.J. Richards, L.O. Burciaga-Robles and C.R. Krehbiel. 2009. Effect of diet on rumen temperature during grain adaptation and finishing in individually fed calves. OSU Animal Science Research Report. http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/research/2009/index.htm Lancaster, P. A., E. D. Sharman, G. W. Horn, C. R. Krehbiel, D. R. Stein, and U. DeSilva. 2009. Effects of starch versus fiber-based supplements on adipose tissue gene expression by stocker cattle grazing dormant native range. http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/research/research-reports-1/2009/Lancaster_2009%20Research%20report.pdf Sharman, E. D., P. A. Lancaster, G. G. Hilton, C. R. Krehbiel, and G. W. Horn. 2009. Effects of starch- versus fiber-based supplements during winter grazing on growth rate of stocker cattle and final carcass characteristics. http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/research/research-reports-1/2009/Sharman_Research%20Report%202009%20.pdf Shook, J. N., D. L. VanOverbeke, L. A. Kinman, C. R. Krehbiel, B. P. Holland, M. N. Streeter, D. A. Yates, and G. G. Hilton. 2009. Effects of zilpaterol hydrochloride and zilpaterol hydrochloride withdrawal time on beef carcass cutability and tenderness. http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/research/research-reports-1/2009/shook%20research%20report%201.pdf Wahrmund, J.L., B.P. Holland, C.R. Krehbiel, D.L. VanOverbeke, and C.J. Richards. 2009. Zilpaterol hydrochloride impact on core body temperature, performance, and carcass characteristics in finishing beef steers. http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/research/2009/index.htm Purdue University: J. M. Reecy, R. G. Tait, D. L. VanOverbeke, A. J. Garmyn, R. G. Mateescu, A. L. Van Eenennaam, Q. Duan, Q. Liu, J. P. Schoonmaker, M. E. Drewnoski, D. C. Beitz, K. Kizilkaya, R. L. Fernando, and D. J. Garrick. 2010. Use of genomics to improve healthfulness and quality of meat. 10th World Congress of Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, Leipzig, Germany (submitted). J. P. Schoonmaker, A. H. Trenkle, and D. C. Beitz. 2010. Effect of feeding wet distillers grains on performance, marbling deposition, and fatty acid content of beef from steers fed low or high forage diets. J. Anim. Sci. (submitted). Schoonmaker, J. P. 2010. Nutrition of Ruminants. (Chapter 6). In: Animal Science and Industry, 8th Edition, Pearson& Prentice Hall (in press). Proceedings and Technical Reports: None Abstracts: J. P. Schoonmaker, M. E. Persia, and D. C. Beitz. 2010. Effect of corn modified to contain amylase on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci 88(E-Suppl. 3):abstract # 281 South Dakota State: Delvaux, C. L., J. S. Jennings, A. E. Wertz-Lutz. 2010. Abundance of growth hormone secreteagogue receptor and PPARy2 in longissimus dorsi of beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 87 (Suppl.1):Abstr. Jennings, J.S., R.H. Pritchard, D.H. Keisler, A.D. Weaver, J.A. Clapper, and A. E. Wertz-Lutz. 2010. The relationship between plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations and the presence of the ghrelin receptor in beef cattle exhibiting differences in composition of gain. J. Anim. Sci. 88 (Suppl. 2):Abstr 274. Jennings, T. D., K. R. Underwood, A. E. Wertz-Lutz, and A. D. Weaver. 2010. Maternal nutrition differentially influenced expression of genes responsible for fetal adipocyte development. J. Anim. Sci. 87 (Suppl.1)1:Abstr. Utah State: Eun, J.-S., D. R. ZoBell, C. M. Dschaak, D. E. Diaz, and J. M. Tricarico. 2009. Case Study: Effects of supplementing a fibrolytic feed enzyme on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers. Prof. Anim. Sci. 25:382-387. Eun, J.-S., D. R. ZoBell, R. D. Wiedmeier. 2009. Influence of replacing barley grain with corn-based dried distillers grains with solubles on production and carcass characteristics of growing and finishing beef steers. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 152:72-80. Waldron, B. L., J.-S. Eun, D. R. ZoBell, and K. C. Olson. 2010. Review: Forage kochia for fall and winter grazing. Small Rumin. Res. http://www.sciencedirect.com/dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.01.011 Eun, J.-S., D. R. ZoBell, and Suhubdy. 2009. Improvement of in vitro ruminal fermentation of ensiled peppermint (Mentha piperitae) byproduct when combined with alfalfa hay or corn silage. Pages 174-175 in Ruminant Physiology: Digestion, metabolism, and effects of nutrition on reproduction and welfare. Proceedings, XIth International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology, Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands. Vera, J. M.a, J.-S. Eun*, A. J. Young, and D. R. ZoBell. 2009. Effects of exogenous proteolytic enzyme to improve in vitro degradation of dried distillers grains with solubles for ruminants. ASAS-CAAV Pacific Rim Conference. Beijing, China. West Texas A&M University Defoor, P. J., Brown, M. S. , & Owens, F. N. (2009). Reconstitution of grain sorghum for ruminants. In F. N. Owens (Ed.) Proceedings of the Cattle Grain Processing Symposium MP-177, (pp. 94-99). Stillwater, OK: Oklahoma State University. Cole, N. A., Galyean, M. L. , MacDonald, J. C. , & Brown, M. S. (2009). Interaction of grain co-products with grain processing: associative effects and management. In F. N. Owens (Ed.) Proceedings of the Cattle Grain Processing Symposium MP-177, (pp. 193-206). Stillwater, OK: Oklahoma State University. Brown, M. S. (2009). Need for ruminally degraded nitrogen by finishing cattle fed processed grains. In F. N. Owens (Ed.) Proceedings of the Cattle Grain Processing Symposium MP-177, (pp. 146-150). Stillwater, OK: Oklahoma State University. Brown, M. S. & Nagaraja, T. G. (2009). Direct-fed microbials for growing and finishing cattle. Plains Nutrition Council (09-18), Texas A&M Research and Extension Center, 42-61. Brown, M. S. (2009). Ruminal fermentation and ecology - adaptation of beef cattle to high-concentrate diets. 2nd Brazilian Ruminant Nutrition Conference. Brown, M. S. (2009). Grain adaptation practices. 2nd Brazilian Ruminant Nutrition Conference. Maxwell, C. L., Brown, M. S., Coufal, B., Wallace, J. O., & Ponce, C. H. (2009). Effects of a commercial product containing Morinda citrifolia extract on growth performance and health of calves with a high risk of developing bovine respiratory disease. J Anim Sci 87(E-Suppl 2):83. Ponce, C. H., Brown, M. S. , Cole, N. A. , Maxwell, C. L. , & Silva, J. C. (2009). Effects of ruminally degradable N in diets containing wet corn distiller's grains and steam-flaked corn on feedlot cattle performance and carcass characteristics. Plains Nutrition Council, Texas A&M Research and Extension Center, 101. Ponce, C. H., Brown, M. S. , Cole, N. A. , Maxwell, C. L. , & Silva, J. C. (2009). Effects of ruminally degradable N in diets containing wet corn distillers grains and steam-flaked corn on feedlot cattle performance and carcass characteristics. J Anim Sci 87(E-suppl. 2):190. Vann, R. C., Willard, S. T. , Schenck, E. L. , Martin, J. M. , Moulton, K., W. Holmes, A. Brown, B. Thomas, T. E. Lawrence, and M. S. Brown, (2009). Growth and carcass characteristics of steers fed an omega-3-fatty acid-fortified supplement from flaxseed while on improved pastures and following feedlot finishing. J Anim Sci 87(E-suppl. 2):368. University of Wisconsin Larraín, R. E., D. M. Schaefer, S. C. Arp, J. R. Claus, and J. D. Reed. 2009. Finishing steers with diets based on corn, high-tannin sorghum or a mix of both: feedlot performance, carcass characteristics and beef sensory attributes. J. Anim. Sci. 87:2089-2095. Guo, W. S., D. M. Schaefer., X. X. Guo., L. P. Ren., and Q. X. Meng. 2009. Nitrate as a sole dietary nitrogen source to improve rumen microbial nitrogen synthesis and to inhibit methane production in vitro. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 22:542-549.

Impact Statements

Management strategies that facilitate feedlot cattle production in an environmentally and economically sustainable manner have been discovered and developed.
Quality and safety of beef have been enhanced through emerging pre-harvest technologies and management strategies.
Alternative feeding programs and management strategies have enhanced cattle health, well-being, performance, and carcass value.

Date of Annual Report: 09/03/2011

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 05/24/2011 - 05/26/2011
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2009 - 09/01/2010

Participants

Drewnoski, Mary Iowa State University; Hansen, Stephanie Iowa State University; Loy, Dan Iowa State University; Rust, Steve Michigan State University; Crawford, Grant University of Minnesota; DiCostanzo, Alfredo University of Minnesota; Jaderborg, Jeff University of Minnesota; Swanson, Kendall North Dakota State University; Felix, Tara Ohio State University; Loerch, Steve Ohio State University; Maxwell, Casey Oklahoma State University
Schoonmaker, Jon Purdue University; Holland, Ben South Dakota State University; Lutz, Aimee South Dakota State University; Pritchard, Robbi South Dakota State University; Eun, Jong-Su Utah State University

Brief Summary of Minutes

The 2011 meeting of the NCCC-208 Committee was hosted by South Dakota State University on May 24 26th, 2011. Prior to the meeting an agenda was circulated and travel arrangements made my attending members.

On the afternoon of May 24th, Ben Holland met Casey Maxwell and Kendall Swanson in Brookings and travelled to the Opportunities Farm, near Lennox. They picked up Steve Loerch, Tara Felix, Jon Schoonmaker, and Steve Rust at the airport in Sioux Falls en route to the farm. At the Opportunities farm they were met by Dan Loy, Stephanie Hansen, Mary Drewnoski, Alfredo DiCostanzo, and Jeff Jaderburg. The Opportunities Farm manager, Matt Loewe, and Ben Holland guided a tour of the farm. The group traveled to Mad Marys steakhouse in Flandreau, SD for supper. There John Mrozinski presented data from his Masters Thesis on economics of operating facilities at the Opportunities Farm and Ben Holland presented a cattle performance summary of the farm.

On the morning of May 25th, the group traveled to Redstone Feeders near DeSmet, SD and visited with Bill and Todd Wilkinson regarding their operation and facilities. Following the tour, they returned to the SDSU Animal Science Complex in Brookings where John Lawrence joined by video conference. Dr. Lawrence discussed current situations in USDA regarding the percent of federal dollars required to be used for multi-state and integrated programs. He also discussed progress on the 2012 Farm Bill, and changes on programming priorities, citing the pull back on the NIFA-AFRI climate change request for applications.

The committee underwent a midterm review in 2010, and was successful. Dr. Lawrence stressed the importance of the committee documenting collaborative and coordinated efforts in its station reports and suggested an executive summary under each committee objective, followed by short-term outcomes, etc. After the video conference ended, it was suggested by Steve Loerch that Jon Schoonmaker assist Ben Holland in developing a format for the 2011 and future reports. A question was raised as to what activities were. The 2012 meeting was set to be held at Purdue University, and Jon Schoonmaker will be secretary. A suggested site for the 2013 meeting is the University of Minnesota. Following the business meeting, lunch was served the SDSU graduate students.
After lunch, the group toured the feedlot at the SDSU Ruminant Nutrition Center and metabolism facilities in the Animal Science Complex discussing research methods and capabilities. Station reports were then held until the meeting was adjourned for supper and discussion at 6:00 pm.

The meeting resumed at 8:00 am on May 26th when Steve Smith joined by telephone to give a report on personnel changes and funding opportunities within NIFA. He pointed out the broad spectrum of the recent requests for applications for the foundational programs and indicated RFAs would be coming soon in other program areas. He encouraged members to closely read RFAs in order to find appropriate programs to apply to. He also encouraged soliciting and submitting stakeholder input, and encouraged members to contact him with further questions. Station reports were resumed at 8:45 am and were concluded at 10:45 am. Dr. Aimee Lutz presented some of her work on the hormonal regulation of feed intake and composition of gain in growing cattle. The meeting adjourned at 11:30 am.

Accomplishments

Section A: Short term outcomes Objective 1. To enhance the utilization of alternative feedstuffs including those which are available as a result of increased biofuel production while reducing reliance on cereal grains. Iowa State University Producers may be able to feed greater amounts of dietary sulfur than previously recommended by the NRC when sufficient levels of roughage are included in the diet. Wet or modified distillers grains can be stored successfully for long periods with minimal costs and 7-12% storage losses. Calcium oxide-treated stover may be fed at up to 20% of the diet dry matter along with modified distillers grains as a partial replacement for corn grain in feedlot diets without adversely affecting daily bodyweight gains or feed efficiency. University of Minnesota Conventional distillers grains and low-fat distillers grains, at 35% inclusion, can be fed in place of dry rolled corn without affecting live performance or carcass characteristics. Both distillers grains treatments led to increased PUFA compared with the dry-rolled corn control. Low-fat distillers grains may lead to greater lipid oxidation compared with a dry-rolled corn control or a traditional distillers grains-containing diet. Increasing the dietary S concentration from 0.25 to 0.50% led to a reduction in DMI and ADG, but did not affect feed efficiency. Low sulfur steers had greater marbling scores and 12th rib backfat, and had a higher percentage of USDA Choice-grading carcasses than high sulfur steers. Substrate S concentration did not affect final pH of incubations. Total gas production increased with increasing starch concentrations. Total H2S release was affected by starch concentration, but not by sulfur concentration. Increasing dietary S concentration generally increased H2S gas concentration. Distillers grains inclusion and increasing roughage inclusion generally increased culture pH. Inclusion of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product did not affect DMI or ADG. Inclusion of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation did not affect marbling, LM area, or backfat thickness. The Ohio State University Sulfuric acid in DDGS and not organic acid production may be responsible for the low rumen pH observed and may influence the maximum inclusion of DDGS in cattle diets. Monensin supplementation decreased H2S concentration and may decrease the risk of polioencephalomalacia for cattle fed high DDGS diets. Cattle fed 60% DDGS diets benefitted from increased dietary forage and the effects of monensin and forage were additive for ADG and HCW. Despite the lack of starch in DDGS, propionate concentrations increased with increasing dietary DDGS. Low rumen pH contributes to increased production of H2S, alters rumen VFAs, and creates a hostile environment for fiber fermentation. Thus, the low rumen pH resulting from the sulfuric acid present in DDGS may be a primary cause for reduced intake, growth rate, and increased incidence of PEM when high dietary levels of DDGS are fed. Rumen concentrations of acetate (A), propionate (P), and A:P were not affected by monensin supplementation. Contrary to some in vitro data, our study suggests that monensin does not increase the risk of S-induced PEM when cattle are fed 60% DDGS diets. Daily urine output increased linearly with increasing dietary inclusion of DDGS. Urine pH decreased linearly with increasing dietary DDGS. These data suggest urine is a major route for excretion of acid when high S diets containing DDGS are fed. Oklahoma State University Feedlot performance was drastically decreased for cattle fed a WDGS transition ration compared to a traditional ration. There were no effects of transition method (two-ration blend vs. traditional) on feedlot performance. Purdue University Gestating heifers fed forage supplemented with distillers grains (DG) produced progeny with increased birth and feedlot entry weights compared to gestating heifers fed corn silage.Milk production was not different, but milk from DG supplemented heifers contained elevated long-chain fatty acids, PUFA, CLA, and milk urea nitrogen. In addition, milk from DG supplemented heifers had lower concentrations of short-chain and saturated fatty acids than from heifers not fed DG. Feedlot performance of progeny was not affected by gestation supplementation. However, steers from heifers fed DG had greater dressing percentage than steers from non-supplemented heifers. Diets containing 0, 30, or 60% DDGS fed during the early feeding period (d 1 99) to early weaned (134 d of age) steers did not impact finishing performance. However, dressing percentage, HCW, fat thickness, rib-eye area, and %KPH were affected quadradically by DDGS level, increasing from 0 to 30% DDGS and decreasing from 30-60% DDGS. South Dakota State University Performance by yearling steers fed 40% by-product finishing diets was used to estimate relative energy content of evolving by-products of ethanol production. The diets were based on DRC. The DRC was assumed to contain 100 Mcal/cwt NEM and 68 Mcal/cwt NEG. By-products, their EE and glycerol content, and estimated NEG were: WCGF-DDGS blend (Golden Synergy) 8.2% EE, 6.8% glycerol, 65.8 Mcal NEG; WDG (w/o syrup) 8.9% EE, 4.2% glycerol, 71.5 Mcal NEG; and WDGS 12.2% EE, 8.0% glycerol, and 78.1 Mcal NEG. Finishing steers fed dry-rolled corn-based finishing diets with supplemental nitrogen from soybean meal (SBM), slow release non-protein nitrogen (SRN, Optigen, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY), or SBM and OPT had similar finishing performance and carcass characteristics. Cover crops including a mixture of turnips, radishes, lentils, oats, and millet provided a suitable pasture for grazing weaned calves for 45-d when supplemented with a DDGS-based supplement. However, ADG was less for steers on pasture (1.56 lb/d) than on a corn-based backgrounding diet (2.90 lb/d). After all calves were placed on similar backgrounding diets for 45 additional days, cover-crop calves had superior ADG and feed efficiency, resulting in a less expensive backgrounding system overall. Utah State University Steers grazing tall fescue, with or without N fertilizer, had higher concentrations of C18:3 cis-9, cis-12, cis-15 and C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 fatty acids (FA) in subcutaneous fat compared with those fed a high-concentrate barley-based feedlot diet (0.41 vs. 0.20 and 0.48 vs. 0.25 g/100 g FA, respectively; P < 0.01). However, steers in the feedlot had higher concentrations of C18:1 cis-9 and C18:1 cis-11 FA than grazing steers. Nitrogen fertilization of tall fescue had minor impacts on the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat. University of Wisconsin Feed efficiency was improved for steers fed 40 vs.20% inclusion of dried distillers grains (DDGS) and for steers fed chopped hay versus corn silage in feedlot finishing diets, whereas DDGS inclusion level and fiber type did not affect carcass cutability characteristics. Objective 2. To enhance quality and safety of beef through emerging pre-harvest technologies and management strategies. University of Minnesota Neither soy glycerin nor corn processing method stimulated E.coli O157:H7 shedding. Within 20 days of treatment initiation, all calves, regardless of treatment, were basically devoid of E. coli shedding. At day 14 of sampling, no E. coli O157 was present in any cattle, regardless of treatment. Modified distillers grains inclusion at 30% of dietary DM increased DMI and tended to decrease feed efficiency compared with no distillers grains inclusion, and led to 13% lower iterated dietary ME values compared with diets without distillers grains. Inclusion of soy glycerin at 10% of dietary DM did not affect any live performance or carcass measurements. In three Minnesota feedlots, overall E. coli O157:H7 prevalence measured 4.15%, and ranged from 1.03 to 6.38%. Dietary distillers grains inclusion of greater than 25% did not result in increased E. coli O157:H7 shedding compared with dietary distillers grains inclusion of less than 25%. Overall prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 was 11.7% at a Minnesota fed cattle packing plant. E. coli O157:H7 probability was lower when cattle were fed distillers compared to those not fed distillers grains. Prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 tended to be lower in winter compared to spring and fall. The Ohio State University Gestational energy source did not affect feedlot performance or carcass traits of progeny; however, it did affect glucose clearance rate and initial insulin response. Days on feed increased insulin resistance and decreased glucose tolerance when cattle were fed a high-grain diet. Purdue University Supplemental vitamin D (0.25 x 106 IU for 165 d or 5.0 x 106 IU for 10 d) did not improve tenderness in cattle fed 0 or 8.3 mg/kg zilpaterol hydrochloride (Zilmax). Short-term vitamin D supplementation resulted in lower HCW, less 12th-rib fat thickness, and smaller longissimus muscle area than long-term vitamin D. Zilmax increased final BW and HCW. Neither dietary beta-carotene inclusion nor source of beta-carotene affected feedlot performance or marbling scores of finishing steers and heifers. Synthetic B-carotene (1x, 5x, or 10x NRC requirements) increased longissimus muscle area linearly. South Dakota State University Steers were identified as having CC, CT, or TT single nucleotide polymorphisms of the leptin gene. During backgrounding (720 to 950 lb) steers were fed to allow 2.5 or 2.9 lb ADG. A common finishing diet and common harvest endpoint (0.47 in. ribfat) followed backgrounding. When marbling was expressed relative to total carcass fatness, the CC genotype resulted in lower (P < 0.06) marbling than the TT genotype, regardless of backgrounding management. The CT genotype expressed marbling similar to the CC genotype if backgrounded at the lower ADG, but marbled similar to the TT genotype if backgrounded at the higher ADG (interaction P = 0.12). Plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations increased for cattle fed a high-grain diet from weaning to finish as they became increasingly fatter. However, cattle initially fed a high-forage diet had similar plasma leptin concentrations but low plasma ghrelin concentrations at a similar subcutaneous fat thickness. Abundance of growth hormone secreteagogue receptor (GHS-R), to which ghrelin binds, was present in bovine liver and adipose tissue, but not sternomandibularis muscle. Abundance of GHS-R did not differ as a result of dietary treatment in bovine liver and adipose tissue. Abundance of GHS-R in bovine liver and adipose tissue increased as cattle became increasingly fatter. Differences in plasma ghrelin concentrations relative GHS-R abundance in liver and adipose tissue warrants further investigation into the role of ghrelin in growth and efficiency in cattle. Nutrient restriction and abundance during a specific period in mid-gestation altered expression of genes involved in the development of adipose tissue but did not influence calf birth weight or crown-rump length. This justifies further investigation into the long-term impact of maternal nutrition on growth and carcass composition of beef offspring. Utah State University Plant tannin extracts inhibited the in vitro growth of pathogenic and ruminal acidosis-causing bacteria. In one experiment, chestnut tannins (CNT) were the most effective followed by mimosa (MT) tannins across all pathogen studied while quebracho tannins (QT) did not affect bacterial growth. In another experiment, CNT decreased the growth of Streptococcus bovis 73% at 24 h. Objective 3. To enhance the environmental sustainability of the feedlot industry through N, P, K, and S management by improving nutrient utilization and excreted nutrient conservation. Michigan State University As DDGS replaced high moisture corn in finishing diets (0, 40%, or 60% DDGS) sulfur increased linearly from 13.3 to 44.6 g/d and total S expelled increased linearly. However, total S air emissions/unit of S intake were greatest for 40% and least for 0% DDGS. Retention of S was similar across level of DDGS inclusion. In a second study, finishing diets containing 40% DDGS resulted in greater H2S emissions than diets containing 0% DDGS, but the addition of 6 ppm Mo and 60 ppm Cu to 40% DDGS diets numerically reduced H2S emissions 23% compared to no additional Mo and Cu. The addition of Mo and Cu did not change the route of S removal from the animal. Objective 4. To enhance the health and production efficiency of feedlot cattle through management strategies and technologies which enhance cattle comfort and wellbeing. Michigan State University Tail docking did not affect finishing performance or carcass quality of cattle finished in a slatted-floored barn (7 hd per pen; 20 ft2/hd; 160 d on feed) compared to cattle whose tails were not docked. However, the incidence of tail lesions was higher for calves without docked tails (n=12) compared to those with docked tails (n=1; P = 0.004). Tail docking did not affect the incidence of lameness of other health indices. Oklahoma State University There were no differences on feedlot performance between bull calves surgically castrated by knife or elastration. Knife cut calves experienced greater morbidity than elastrated calves. Steers had greater ADG, improved feed efficiency and lower morbidity compared to bulls, resulting in improved cost of gains. Bulls should be bought at 6.1% discount compared to steers due to decreased performance. Management information was able to be effectively and securely communicated to and from active ear tags in scenarios where cattle were managed in a manner consistent with common production practices. Presentations Iowa State University Drewnoski, M.E. 2011. Today's Beef Implant Strategies and Cow Nutrition and Using By-Products. Presented to SWIVMA. Drewnoski, M.E. 2011. Managing High Levels of Co-Product Feeding. McNay Veterinary Update. Hansen, S.L. 2011. Whats new in beef feedlot research? Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse. East Lansing, MI. Hansen, S.L. 2011. Whats new in beef feedlot research? Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse. Bowling Green, OH. Hansen, S.L. 2011. Whats new in beef feedlot research? Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse. Wyoming, ON. Hansen, S.L. 2011. Alleviating sulfur toxicity- ISU Research Update. Plains Nutrition Council. Hansen, S.L., J.W. Spears and R.S. Fry. 2010. Using nutrigenomics to elucidate interrelationships in trace mineral metabolism. Invited speaker. J. Anim. Sci. 88, E-Suppl. 2 (Abstr. 159). Hansen, S.L. 2010. Trace Mineral Interactions. Invited speaker for CPC Commodities. Hansen, S.L. 2010. High sulfur in cattle diets. Invited speaker for Land OLakes Technical Update. Loy, D. 2010 Supplementing Beef Rations with Byproducts. West Virginia Extension Series. Loy, D. 2010. Iowa Beef Center Overview. Invited speaker for Land OLakes Technical Update. Loy, D. 2010. Basic Beef Nutrition. Iowa National Guard Unit. Des Moines and Ames, IA Michigan State University Rust, S. R. 2010. Vomitoxin in corn meeting-Livestock feeding. Michigan Farm Bureau, Springport, MI Rust, S. R. 2010. Vomitoxin in corn meeting-Livestock feeding. Michigan Farm Bureau, Hillsdale, MI Rust, S. R. 2010. Effects of feeding distillers grain on hydrogen sulfide emissions. Michigan Corn growers Assoc., DeWitt, MI. Rust, S. R. 2010. What is the cost of a poor receiving program? Winter Conference, Wisconsin Cattlemens Assoc., Tomah, WI. Rust, S. R. 2010. Getting the most out of a poor corn crop. Winter Conference, Wisconsin Cattlemens Assoc., Tomah, WI. Rust, S. R. 2010. Feeding distillers soluble to beef cattle. Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse. East Lansing, MI. Rust, S. R. 2010. Feeding distillers soluble to beef cattle. Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse. Bowling Green, OH. Rust, S. R. 2010. Feeding distillers soluble to beef cattle. Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse. Wyoming, ON. Rust, S. R. 2010. E. coli 0157:H7- What is it, why is the beef industry being criticized, and how to prevent it? Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse. East Lansing, MI. Rust, S. R. 2010. E. coli 0157:H7- What is it, why is the beef industry being criticized, and how to prevent it? Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse. Bowling Green, OH. Rust, S. R. 2010. E. coli 0157:H7- What is it, why is the beef industry being criticized, and how to prevent it? Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse. Wyoming, ON. University of Minnesota DiCostanzo, A. January 2010. Beef Breeds for Organic Production Systems. Minnesota Organic Agriculture Conference. Minnesota Department of Agriculture DiCostanzo, A. March 2010. Adding Value to Feeder Cattle. MN Angus Association Sale. DiCostanzo, A. March 2010. Minnesota Beef Production Systems. National Beef Industry Youth Meeting. DiCostanzo, A. April 2010. Uso de Granos de Destileria in Bovinos de Carne. Michoacan, Mexico. DiCostanzo, A. April 2010. Uso de Granos de Destileria in Bovinos de Carne. Veracruz, Mexico. DiCostanzo, A. and G. I. Crawford. August 2010. Optimizing Performance in Confined Cattle Feeding Systems. Cargill Feedlot Seminar. Sioux City, Cedar Rapids, and Atlantic, IA. Crawford, G. I. November 2010. Distillers Grains Usage in the United States. Argentina and Uruguay Beef Nutritionists United States Feedlot Tour. Omaha, NE. Crawford, G. I. October 2010 . The effect of distillers grains on meat quality. Lewis and Clark Veterinary Conference. South Sioux City, NE. Crawford, G. I. September 2010. Feeding the next generation of corn ethanol byproducts to beef cattle. Minnesota Nutrition Conference. Owatonna, MN. Crawford, G. I. September 2010. Basics of Mineral Nutrition and Application for Beef Cattle. Kent Feeds Dealer Meeting. Sargeant Bluff, IA. Crawford, G. I. September 2010. New Byproduct Feeding Opportunities. Land O Lakes Purina Cattle Feeders Meeting. Shoreview, MN. Crawford, G. I. August 2010. Basics of Body Condition Scoring Beef Cows. NRCS Field Day. Thief River Falls, MN. Crawford, G. I. June 2010. University of Minnesota Carcass Merit Program. NRCS Field Day. Grand Rapids, MN. Crawford, G. I. April 2010. Understanding Quality and Yield Grade in Beef. Youth Beef Industry Conference. Saint Paul, MN. Crawford, G. I. April 2010. The U of M Beef Team and Russia. Minnesota Association of Extension Educators Annual Meeting. Farmington, MN. Crawford, G. I. March 2010. Understanding Feed Efficiency in Beef Feedlot Cattle: Measurement, Value, and Application. Wulf Limousin Pre-Sale Education Seminar. Morris, MN. South Dakota State University Bruns, K. W. 2010. Duration of Feeding: Decision Points. Plains Nutrition Council. San Antonio, TX. Holland, B. P. July 2010. Feedlot housing systems. Dakotalands Feeds/Pfizer Animal Health Summer Meeting. Mitchell, SD. Holland, B. P. October 2010. Feedlot housing systems at the Opportunities Farm. Iowa Beef Center Professional Development. Ames, IA. Holland, B. P. December 2010. Cattle feeding economics: Dealing with high feed prices. South Dakota Cattlemans Association, Aberdeen, SD. Holland, B. P. December 2010. Nutrition Programs for Receiving Cattle. Minnesota Cattle Feeders Days. 5 locations in southern and southeastern Minnesota. Holland, B. P. January 2011. Sorghum for silage production. Sorghum Lunch and Learn, Chamberlain, SD. Holland, B. P. February 2011. Effects of BRD and feedlot performance and carcass characteritstics of beef cattle and housing systems of cattle feeding. SDVMA James Bailey Herd Health Conference. Brookings, SD. Pritchard, R.H. 2010. Simmental-Red Angus Young Guns Program. Brookings, SD. Pritchard, R.H. August 2010. US Cattle Feeding. CREA Pica-Baron. Brookings, SD Pritchard, R.H. 2010. Feeding management strategies to improve carcass quality. Beef 2020. Brookings, SD. Pritchard, R. H. 2010 Minnesota Cattlemans Association. The Ohio State University Six extension presentations in Ohio and Pennsylvania Oklahoma State University 1/21/10. Presented Web-based beef information resources at the OSU State Extension Conference. Stillwater, OK. 2/17/10. Presented Animal Science beef extension programs at the OSU New Educators Workshop. Stillwater, OK. 4/15/10. Presented What is new in livestock ID technology at the Eastern In-service at Wilburton, OK. 2/22/10. Presented OSU Beef Cattle Nutrition research and extension programs at the National Young Farm Bureau Conference. Tulsa, OK. 5/10/10. Presented High stress cattle receiving systems for the Texas County Agents Assoc. Stillwater, OK. 7/23/10. Presented Health and nutrition management of calves at the OSU Veterinary School Boot Camp. Stillwater, OK. 7/29/10. Presented Recent additions and upcoming beef extension activities at the Oklahoma Cattlemens Association Annual meeting. Midwest City, OK. 8/5/10. Coordinated OSU campus animal agricultural activities tour for the Murray, Pontotoc, and Seminole County Cattlemens Tour. Stillwater, OK. 8/5/10. Presented Management and research of high risk cattle at the Sparks feedlot for the Murray, Pontotoc, and Seminole County Cattlemens Tour. Stillwater, OK. 8/14/10. Presented OSU Animal Science beef extension programs at the Southern Plains Beef Symposium. Ardmore, OK. 10/9/10. Presented Receiving calves for stocker programs at the fall meeting of the Oklahoma Feed Industry Association. Krebs, OK. 12/2/10. Presented Cost effective winter feeding at the Northwest Oklahoma Beef Cattle Conference. Alva, Woodward, Enid, and Ponca City, OK. 12/9/10. Presented Alternative feeds to the Garfield County Master Cattlemen. Enid, OK. 12/9/10. Presented Vitamin and mineral nutrition of grazing cattle to the Garfield County Master Cattlemen. Enid, OK. Purdue University Schoonmaker, J.P. Effect of Zilmax and vitamin D supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of steers. Purdue Beef Field Day. April 17, 2010. Schoonmaker, J. P. Factors affecting beef tenderness. Purdue Workshop for Youth. June, 2010. Schoonmaker, J. P. By-product feeds for use in beef cattle rations. Purdue Workshop for Youth, June, 2010. Schoonmaker, J. P. Impact of distillers grains on beef carcass characteristics. Purdue College of Agriculture Roundtable. March 2011 University of Wisconsin Radunz. 2010. Fetal Programming, Potential Implications for Livestock Production. ISU Beef Team In-Service, Des Moines, IA. Radunz. 2010. Fetal Programming: Implications for the Beef Industry: World Beef Expo. Millwaukee, W Radunz. 2010. De-worming Strategies for Beef Cattle. West Central WI Beef Days. Acardia, WI Radunz. 2010. De-worming Strategies for Beef Cattle. West Central WI Beef Days. Sparta, WI Radunz. 2010. Beef Quality Assurance: ROI. UW Extension Dairy and Beef Cattle Husbandry Conference. Kimberly, WI. Radunz. 2010. Feedlot management strategies to improve feed efficiency and feeding a poor corn crop. UW Extension Cattle Feeder Clinics. Janesville, WI Radunz. 2010. Feedlot management strategies to improve feed efficiency and feeding a poor corn crop. UW Extension Cattle Feeder Clinics. Lancaster, WI Radunz. 2010. Feedlot management strategies to improve feed efficiency and feeding a poor corn crop. UW Extension Cattle Feeder Clinics. Acardia, WI Radunz. 2010. Feedlot management strategies to improve feed efficiency and feeding a poor corn crop. UW Extension Cattle Feeder Clinics. Eau Clairie, WI Radunz. 2010. Feedlot management strategies to improve feed efficiency and feeding a poor corn crop. UW Extension Cattle Feeder Clinics. Oconoto, WI Radunz. 2010. Feedlot management strategies to improve feed efficiency and feeding a poor corn crop. UW Extension Cattle Feeder Clinics. Green Bay, WI Radunz. 2010. Feedlot management strategies to improve feed efficiency and feeding a poor corn crop. UW Extension Cattle Feeder Clinics. Richland Center, WI Radunz. 2010. Feedlot management strategies to improve feed efficiency and feeding a poor corn crop. UW Extension Cattle Feeder Clinics. Sparta, WI Radunz. 2010. Feedlot management strategies to improve feed efficiency and feeding a poor corn crop. UW Extension Cattle Feeder Clinics. Found du Lac, WI Radunz. 2010. Feedlot management strategies to improve feed efficiency and feeding a poor corn crop. UW Extension Cattle Feeder Clinics. River Falls, WI Radunz. 2010. Feedlot management strategies to improve feed efficiency and feeding a poor corn crop. UW Extension Cattle Feeder Clinics. Hancock, WI

Publications

Section C: Publications 2010 Refereed Journal Articles and Book Chapters: Iowa State University Fry, R.S., T.T. Brown Jr, K.E. Lloyd, S.L. Hansen, L.R. Legleiter, W.P. Robarge and J.W. Spears. 2010. Effect of dietary boron on physiological responses in growing steers inoculated with bovine herpesvirus type-1. Res. Vet. Sci. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.04.016. Hansen, S.L., M.S. Ashwell, A.J. Moeser, R.S. Fry, M.D. Knutson, and J.W. Spears. 2010. High dietary iron reduces transporters involved in iron and manganese metabolism and increases intestinal permeability in calves. J. Dairy Sci.93(2):656-665. Hansen, S.L., Trakooljul, H.C. Liu, J.A. Hicks, M.S. Ashwell, and J.W. Spears. 2010. Proteins involved in iron metabolism in beef cattle are affected by copper deficiency in combination with high dietary manganese, but not by copper deficiency alone. J. Anim. Sci. 88(1):275-83. Hansen, S.L., Trakooljul, N., Spears J.W., and H.C. Liu. 2010. Age and dietary iron affect expression of genes involved in iron acquisition and homeostasis in young pigs. J. Nutr. 140:271-277. University of Minnesota Zehnder, C. M., T. D. Maddock, A. DiCostanzo, L. R. Miller, J. M. Hall and G. C. Lamb. 2010. Using alfalfa leaf meal as a supplement in late-gestation beef heifer and nursing beef calf diets. J. Anim. Sci. 88:2132-2138. The Ohio State University Relling, A. E., J. L. Pate, C. K. Reynolds, and S. C. Loerch. 2010. Effect of feed restriction and supplemental dietary fat on gut peptide and hypothalamic neuropeptide mRNA concentrations in growing wethers. J. Anim. Sci. 88:737-748. Relling, A. E., S. C. Loerch, and C. K. Reynolds. 2010. Effects of Abomasal Soybean Oil, Corn Starch and Casein Infusion on Plasma Ghrelin and Oxyntomodulin Concentration in Lactating Dairy Cows. Dom. Anim. Endocr. 38:284-288. Pickworth, C. L., S. C. Loerch, S. G. Velleman, J. L. Pate, D. H. Poole, F. L. Fluharty. 2010. Adipogenic differentiation state-specific gene expression as related to bovine carcass adiposity. J. Anim. Sci. 88:3229. Radunz, A. E., F. L. Fluharty, M. L. Day, H. N. Zerby, and S. C. Loerch. 2010. Prepartum dietary energy source fed to beef cows: I. Effects on pre- and postpartum cow performance. JAS. 88:2717-2728. Cernicchiaro, N., H. N. Zerby, F. L. Fluharty, and S. C. Loerch, M. D. Kauffman, and J. T. LeJeune. 2010. A randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of dietary energy sources, feed supplements, and the presence of super-shedders on the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in feedlot cattle using different diagnostic procedures. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 9:1071-1081. Smith, S. N., M.E. Davis, and S. C. Loerch. 2010. Residual feed intake of Angus beef cattle divergently selected for feed conversion ratio. Livestock Science. 132:41-47. Oklahoma State University Holland, B.P., L.O. Burciaga-Robles, D.L. VanOverbeke, J.N. Shook, D.L. Step, C.J. Richards, and C.R. Krehbiel. 2010. Effect of clinical bovine respiratory disease during the growing phase on subsequent feedlot growth performance, carcass characteristics, and beef attributes. J. Anim. Sci. 88:24862499. Burciaga-Robles, L.O., C.R. Krehbiel, D.L. Step, B.P. Holland, C.J. Richards, M.A. Montelongo, A.W. Confer, and R.W. Fulton. 2010. Effects of exposure to calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1b and subsequent infection with Mannheima haemolytica on clinical signs and immune parameters: Model for bovine respiratory disease via viral and bacterial interaction. J. Anim. Sci. 88:21662178. Burciaga-Robles, L.O., C.R. Krehbiel, D.L. Step, B.P. Holland, C.J. Richards, M.A. Montelongo, A.W. Confer, and R.W. Fulton. 2010. Effects of exposure to calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1b and Mannheimia haemolytica challenge on animal performance, N balance, and visceral organ mass in beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 88:21792188. Dye, T.K., L.O. Burciaga-Robles, C.R. Krehbiel, D.L. Step, R.W. Fulton, A.W. Confer, and C.J. Richards. 2010. Rumen temperature change monitored with remote reporting rumen temperature boluses following challenges with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Mannheimia haemoytica. J. Anim. Sci. (published online Dec. 17, 2010). Kinman, L.A., G.G. Hilton, C.J. Richards, J.B. Morgan, C.R. Krehbiel, R.B. Hicks, J.W. Dillwith, and D.L. VanOverbeke. 2010. Impact of feeding various levels of wet and dry distillers grains to yearling steers on palatability, fatty acid profile, and retail case life of longissimus muscle. J. Anim. Sci. (published online Oct. 8, 2010). Purdue University Garmyn, A. J., G. G. Hilton, R. G. Mateescu, J. B. Morgan, J. M. Reecy, R. G. Tait, D. C. Beitz, Q. Duan, M. S. Mayes, J. P. Schoonmaker, and D. L. VanOverbeke. 2011. Estimation of relationships between mineral concentration and fatty acid composition of longissimus muscle and beef palatability traits. J. Anim. Sci. (accepted). South Dakota State University Wertz-Lutz, A. E., J. S. Jennings, and J. A. Clapper. 2010. Plasma ghrelin concentrations of beef cattle consuming a similar amount of dietary energy supplied by different ingredients. J. Anim. Sci. 88:2289-2299. Proceedings and Technical Reports: Iowa State University Hansen, S.L. 2011. Alleviating Sulfur Toxicity- ISU Research Update. Plains Nutrition Council. Utah State University Noviandi, C. T., J.-S. Eun, D. R. ZoBell, R. D. Stott, B. L. Waldron, and M. D. Peel. 2011. Growth performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers grazing tall fescue without and with nitrogen fertilization. Western Section, American Society of Animal Science. (accepted) Eun, J.-S., B. R. Min, B. J. Min, D. R. ZoBell, and A. J. Young. Effects of tannin extracts on in vitro growth of pathogenic and ruminal acidosis-causing bacteria. 8th International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores. (submitted) University of Minnesota Crawford, G. I. and R. B. Cox. 2010. The effect of distillers grains on meat quality. Proc. 2010 Lewis and Clark Veterinary Conference. Crawford, G. I. 2010. Feeding the next generation of corn ethanol byproducts to beef cattle. Proc. 2010 Minnesota Nutrition Conference. pp. 90-101. DiCostanzo, A., and G. I. Crawford. 2010. Considerations on feedlot facility design, retrofitting, and maintenance. Proc. 2010 Cargill Feedlot Conference. South Dakota State University Bruns, K. W., and R. H. Pritchard. 2010. Duration of Feeding: Decision Points. Proc. The Plains Nutrition Council Spring Conference. Pub. AREC 10-57 Tex. A&M Univ. Res. and Ext. Ctr., Amarillo. University of Wisconsin Radunz, A. E., 2010. Considerations for feeding 2009 poor corn crop to beef cattle. UW Extension Cattle Feeder Clinics Proceedings. http://fyi.uwex.edu/wbic/resources/feedlot/ Radunz, A. E., 2010. Feedlot management strategies to improve feed efficiency. UW Extension Cattle Feeder Clinics Proceedings. http://fyi.uwex.edu/wbic/resources/feedlot/ Abstracts: Iowa State University Drewnoski, M.E., D.C Beitz, D.D. Loy, S.M. Ensley and S.L. Hansen. 2011. Factors affecting ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentration of cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 89, E-Suppl. 2 (Abstr. 310). Morine, S.J., M.E. Drewnoski and S.L. Hansen. 2011. Effects of corn addition to fiber-based supplements on growing cattle performance and forage digestion. J. Anim. Sci. 89, E-Suppl. 2 (Abstr. 355). Pogge, D.J. and S.L. Hansen. 2011. Effect of supplemental vitamin C on performance and carcass characteristics of cattle fed varying concentrations of dietary sulfur. PNC. Richter, E.L., M.E. Drewnoski, C.J. Ziemer and S.L. Hansen. 2011. High dietary sulfur modifies volatile fatty acid profiles and increases hydrogen sulfide gas production. J. Anim. Sci. 89, E-Suppl. 2 (Abstr. 313). Drewnoski, M.E., E.L. Richter, and S.L. Hansen. 2010. Days on feed and dietary sulfur content affect rumen hydrogen sulfide concentrations in feedlot steers J. Anim. Sci. 88, E-Suppl. 2 (Abstr. 558). Hansen, S.L., J.W. Spears and R.S. Fry. 2010. Using nutrigenomics to elucidate interrelationships in trace mineral metabolism. J. Anim. Sci. 88, E-Suppl. 2 (Abstr. 159). Hansen, S.L., E.L. Richter, and M.E. Drewnoski. 2010. Angus and Simmental calves exhibit differential trace mineral metabolism. J. Anim. Sci. 88, E-Suppl. 2 (Abstr. 388). Loy, D.D., D.R. Strohbehn, H.J. Sellers and D.G. Morrical. 2010. Extended storage of modified distillers grains. J. Anim. Sci. 88, Suppl. 3:60 (Abstr. 55). Loy, D.D., D.R. Strohbehn, H.J. Sellers and D.G. Morrical. 2010. Extended storage of wet distillers grains mixed with ground hay. J. Anim. Sci. 88, Suppl. 3:60 (Abstr. 56). Richter, E.L., M.E. Drewnoski, and S.L. Hansen. 2010. Dietary sulfur negatively affects gain and mineral status in beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 88, E-Suppl. 2 (Abstr. 552). University of Minnesota Fink, R. C., J. M. Popowski, J. P. Jaderborg, D. M. Paulus, K. M. McClelland, J. L. Dahlberg, G. I. Crawford, A. DiCostanzo, R. B. Cox, and F. Diez-Gonzalez. 2011. The prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle fed distillers grains and harvested through an abattoir in Minnesota. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 2): 305(Abstr.). Jaderborg, J. P., G. I. Crawford, and A. DiCostanzo. 2011. Effect of length of hay access on body weight gain and hay waste in beef cows. Midwest Section Meeting of ASAS/ADSA. Des Moines, Iowa. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 2): 318(Abstr.). Kelzer, J. M. Popowski, S. Bird, R. Cox, G. I. Crawford, and A. DiCostanzo. 2011. Effects of including low fat dried distillers grains in finishing diets on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers. Midwest Section Meeting of ASAS/ADSA. Des Moines, Iowa. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 2): 104(Abstr.). Paulus, D. M., J. P. Jaderborg, C. Belknap, G. I. Crawford, and A. DiCostanzo. 2011. Effect of inclusion of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product in feedlot diets with two different sulfur concentrations. Midwest Section Meeting of ASAS/ADSA. Des Moines, Iowa. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 2): 96(Abstr.). Popowski, J. M., R. C. Fink, J. P. Jaderborg, D. M. Paulus, K. M. McClelland, J. L. Dahlberg, G. I. Crawford, A. DiCostanzo, R. B. Cox, and F. Diez-Gonzalez. 2011. Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle fed distillers grains in Minnesota feedlots. Midwest Section Meeting of ASAS/ADSA. Des Moines, Iowa. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 2): 304(Abstr.). Popowski, J., J. Kelzer , G. I. Crawford, A. DiCostanzo, and R. Cox. 2011. Effect of low fat dried distillers grains on consumer sensory characteristics of longissimus strip steaks and cooked sausage. Midwest Section Meeting of ASAS/ADSA. Des Moines, Iowa. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 2): 149(Abstr.). Ruiz Moreno, M., E. Seitz, G. Crawford, A. DiCostanzo, and M. D. Stern. 2011. In vitro effect of starch and sulfur on rumen gas production and hydrogen sulfide release. Midwest Section Meeting of ASAS/ADSA. Des Moines, Iowa. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 2): 312(Abstr.). Jaderborg, J. P., S. L. Bird, G. I. Crawford, R. Walker, B. J. Funnell, and A. DiCostanzo. 2010. Effects of feeding site and hay processing on dry matter intake and hay waste by wintering beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 88(E-Suppl. 3):132(Abstract 294). Jaderborg, J. P., S. L. Bird, G. I. Crawford, R. Walker, B. J. Funnell, and A. DiCostanzo. 2010. Supplement moisture and feeding site affect feed intake and waste by wintering beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 88(E-Suppl. 3):66(Abstract 85). Jaderborg, J. P., G. I. Crawford, C. Lahr, H. Blalock, and A. DiCostanzo. 2010. Nutrient concentration as affected by supplement form (liquid vs dry) in a high moisture finishing ration. J. Anim. Sci. 88(E-Suppl. 3):139(Abstract 323). Kelzer, J. M., C. R. Dahlen, G. I. Crawford, and A. DiCostanzo. 2010. Effects of spaying and terminal implant strategy on performance and carcass characteristics of beef feedlot heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 88(E-Suppl. 3):71(Abstract 97). Kelzer, J.M., M. V. Fossa, M. Ruiz-Moreno, G. I. Crawford, and A. DiCostanzo. 2010. Effect of dehydrated yeast culture on in vitro gas and hydrogen sulfide production in cultures using low- or high-sulfur feedlot diets as substrate. J. Anim. Sci. 88(E-Suppl. 3):125(Abstract 266). Kelzer, J.M., T. D. Maddock, T. N. Holt, A. DiCostanzo, G. I. Crawford, and G. C. Lamb. 2010. Effects of supplemental manganese on performance and stress responses in beef cattle fed low- and high-sulfur finishing diets containing distillers grains plus solubles. J. Anim. Sci. 88(E-Suppl. 2):512 (Abstract 556). Kelzer, J. M., T. D. Maddock, M. Ruiz-Moreno, A. DiCostanzo, G. I. Crawford, and G. C. Lamb. 2010. Effects of supplemental manganese on ruminal pH and hydrogen sulfide concentration in beef steers fed high-sulfur diets containing distillers grains plus solubles. J. Anim. Sci. 88(E-Suppl. 2):512 (Abstract 555). Kelzer, J.M., M. Ruiz-Moreno, A. DiCostanzo, and G. I. Crawford. 2010. Effect of manganese oxide on in vitro gas and hydrogen sulfide production in cultures using high-sulfur distillers grains based substrate. J. Anim. Sci. 88(E-Suppl. 3):125(Abstract 267). Michigan State University Cross, L.D., S. R. Rust, and W. J. Powers. 2010. Inclusion of molybdenum and copper with high distillers grain diets as a strategy to mitigate hydrogen sulfide emissions. American Society of Animal Science Annual Meeting. J. Anim. Sci., 88(E-Suppl. 2):511. Grooms, D.L., J. Schweihofer, K. Metz, and S.R. Rust. 2010. Effect of tail-docking on health and performance on feedlot calves housed in confined slatted floor facilities. Amer. Assoc. Bovine Prac. The Ohio State University Felix, T.L., and S.C. Loerch. 2010. Effects of copper supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of cattle fed diets containing 60% DDGS. Joint Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 88:E-Suppl. 2. Felix, T.L., and S.C. Loerch. 2010. Effects of limit feeding corn or dried distillers grains (DDGS) at two intakes during the growing phase on feedlot cattle performance. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 88:E-Suppl. 3. Oklahoma State University Burken, D.B., J.L. Wahrmund, B.P. Holland, C.R. Krehbiel, and C.J. Richards. 2010. Two ration blending vs. traditional step-up adaptation to finishing diets: Performance and carcass characteristics. Plains Nutr. Council Spring Conf. Publ. p. 99. Texas A&M Research and Extension Center, Amarillo. Wahrmund, J.L., D.B. Burken, B.K. Wilson, S.J. Terrill, D.L. Step, C.R. Krehbiel, C.L. Goad, and C.J. Richards. 2010. Bovine respiratory disease identification in newly received feedlot cattle using remote ruminal temperature monitoring: Performance, health, and carcass characteristics. Plains Nutr. Council Spring Conf. Publ. p. 124. Texas A&M Research and Extension Center, Amarillo. Burken, D.B., K.G. Hanger. R.B. Hicks, D.L. VanOverbeke, J.L. Wahrmund, B.P. Holland, J.J. Martin, P.K. Camfield, and C.J. Richards. 2010. Supplemental vitamin E concentration in beef finishing diets containing wet distillers grains with solubles: feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 88(E-Suppl. 2):702. Wahrmund, J.L., J.R. Ronchesel, C.R. Krehbiel, and C.J. Richards. 2010. Ruminal and rectal temperatures during acidosis challenge. J. Anim. Sci. 88(E-Suppl. 2):573. Wahrmund, J.L., D.B. Burken, B.K. Wilson, S.J. Terrill, D.L. Step, C.R. Krehbiel, C.L. Goad, and C.J. Richards. 2010. Newly received feedlot heifers managed with three respiratory disease protocols. J. Anim. Sci. 88(E-Suppl. 2):738. Purdue University Reecy, J. M., R. G. Tait, D. L. VanOverbeke, A. J. Garmyn, R. G. Mateescu, A. L. Van Eenennaam, Q. Duan, Q. Liu, J. P. Schoonmaker, M. E. Drewnoski, D. C. Beitz, K. Kizilkaya, R. L. Fernando, and D. J. Garrick. 2010. Use of genomics to improve healthfulness and quality of meat. Proceedings of the 9th World Congress of Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, Leipzig, Germany. Nafikov, R. A., J. P. Schoonmaker, K. T. Korn, K. Noack, D. J. Garrick, K. J. Koehler, J. Minick-Bormann, J. M. Reecy, D. E. Spurlock, and D. C. Beitz. 2010. Association of polymorphisms in GPAT4 and SLC27A6 genes with bovine milk fat percentage and fatty acid composition. J. Anim. Sci. 88, E. Suppl./J. Dairy Sci. 93, D. Suppl./Poult. Sci. 89, E. Suppl./i-ii. Korn, K. T., M. C. Claeys, R. P. Lemenager, and J. P. Schoonmaker. 2011. Vitamin D3 effect on performance and meat tenderness in steers fed zilpaterol hydrochloride. J. Anim. Sci. 89, E. Suppl. 2/J. Dairy Sci. 94, E. Suppl. P 120 Reecy, J. M., R. G. Tait, D. L. VanOverbeke, A. J. Garmyn, R. G. Mateescu, A. L. Van Eenennaam, Q. Duan, Q. Liu, J. P. Schoonmaker, M. E. Drewnoski, D. C. Beitz, K. Kizilkayal, R. L. Fernando, and D. J. Garrick. 2011. Use of genomics to improve the fatty acid composition of meat. J. Anim. Sci. 89, E. Suppl. 2/J. Dairy Sci. 94, E. Suppl. P 51. South Dakota State University Beck, R. M., A. E. Wertz-Lutz, J. Held. C. Wright, R. D. Zelinsky, and C. L. Delvaux. 2010. Effects of glycerol and sire breed on growth and carcass traits of finishing whether lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 88 (Suppl. 2): Abstr. 81. Delvaux, C. L., J. S. Jennings, A. E. Wertz-Lutz. 2010. Abundance of growth hormone secreteagogue receptor and PPARy2 in longissimus dorsi of beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 88 (Suppl.2):Abstr. W157. Jennings, T. D., K. R. Underwood, A. E. Wertz-Lutz, and A. D. Weaver. 2010. Maternal nutrition differentially influenced expression of genes responsible for fetal adipocyte development. J. Anim. Sci. 88 (Suppl.1)2:Abstr. 636. Jennings, J.S., R.H. Pritchard, D.H. Keisler, A.D. Weaver, J.A. Clapper, and A. E. Wertz-Lutz. 2010. The relationship between plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations and the presence of the ghrelin receptor in beef cattle exhibiting differences in composition of gain. J. Anim. Sci. 88 (Suppl. 2): Abstr. 274. Mrozinski, J. M., R. H. Pritchard, B. P. Holland, and G. W. Warmann. 2011. Cost Analysis of Cattle Feeding Systems. Pub. AREC 2011-15 Tex. A&M Univ. Res. and Ext. Ctr., Amarillo. Utah State University Min, B. J., B. R. Min, J. M. Sieg, J.-S. Eun, D. R. ZoBell, and D. C. Tice. Effects of tannin extracts on in vitro growth of selected food-borne pathogenic bacteria. 2011 ADSA-ASAS Annual Meeting. (accepted) Eun, J.-S., B. R. Min, J. M. Sieg, D. R. ZoBell, and A. J. Young. Tannin extracts decrease in vitro growth of ruminal acidosis-causing bacteria in pure culture. 2011 ADSA-ASAS Annual Meeting. (accepted) Vera, J. M., C. T. Noviandi, A.-H. Smith, D. R. ZoBell, and J.-S. Eun. Effects of supplementing an exogenous proteolytic enzyme on growth performance in finishing beef steers. 2011 ADSA-ASAS Annual Meeting. (accepted) Vera, J. M., T. Astuti, A.-H. Smith, D. R. ZoBell, and J.-S. Eun. Effects of supplementing an exogenous proteolytic enzyme in beef finishing diets on ruminal fermentation in continuous cultures. 2011 ADSA-ASAS Annual Meeting. (accepted) Noviandi, C. T., R. E. Ward, J.-S. Eun, D. R. ZoBell, R. D. Stott, T. Astuti, B. L. Waldron, and M. D. Peel. Fatty acid profiles in adipose tissue of grazing and feedlot beef steers. 2011 ADSA-ASAS Annual Meeting. (accepted) Experiment Station Publications: Iowa State University IBC 46. Drewnoski, M.E., S.L. Hansen, D.D. Loy. 2011. How much distillers can I include in my feedlot diet? A Factsheet about managing risk of sulfur toxicity when feeding high levels of distillers grains in feedlot cattle diets. AS Leaflet-R2581 Fed Cattle Performance in Open Lots and Bedded Confinements (Authors: Jeff Pastoor, Dan Loy) AS Leaflet-R2582 Environmental Conditions in Beef Deep-Bedded Mono-Slope Facilities (Authors: Mindy Spiehs, Bryan Woodbury, Beth Doran, Roger Eigenberg, Kris Kohl, Vince Varel, Elaine Berry, James Wells) AS Leaflet-R2583 A Summary of Iowa Cattle Market Data (Authors: Garland Dahlke, Daryl Strohbehn) AS Leaflet-R2584 Diesel Fuel Price as a means of Forecasting Livestock Yardage Costs (Author: Garland Dahlke) AS Leaflet-R2586 Potential of Chemically Treated Corn Stover and Modified Distiller Grains as a Partial Replacement for Corn Grain in Feedlot Diets (Authors: Jim Russell, Dan Loy, Jessica Anderson, Mike Cecava) AS Leaflet-R2587 Factors Affecting Ruminal Hydrogen Sulfide Concentration of Cattle (Authors: Mary Drewnoski, Don Beitz, Dan Loy, Stephanie Hansen, Steve Ensley) AS Leaflet-R2588 Days on Feed and Dietary Sulfur Content Affect Rumen Hydrogen Sulfide Concentrations in Feedlot Steers (Authors: Mary Drewnoski, Erin Richter, Stephanie Hansen) AS Leaflet-R2589 Effects of Dietary Sulfur Concentration on Carcass Quality, Performance and Mineral Status of Beef Cattle (Authors: Erin Richter, Mary Drewnoski, Stephanie Hansen) AS Leaflet-R2590 Mixing Wet Distillers Grain in Beef Feed Rations (Authors: Nathan Schuler, Daryl Strohbehn, Dan Loy, Carl Bern, Thomas Brumm) AS Leaflet-R2591 The Feeding Value of Heat Damaged Corn Grain in Cattle Diets (Authors: Garland Dahlke, Mary Drewnoski) AS Leaflet-R2593 Trace Mineral Clearance from Plasma and Liver Following Injection is Affected by Cattle Breed (Authors: Danielle Pogge, Erin Richter, Mary Drewnoski, Stephanie Hansen) Michigan State University Rust, S. R. 2010. What is the cost of a poor receiving program? Anim. Sci. Staff Paper #557 Rust, S. R. 2010. Getting the most out of a poor corn crop. Anim. Sci. Staff Paper #558 Rust, S.R. 2010. Feeding distillers soluble to beef cattle. Anim. Sci. Staff Paper # 559. Rust, S. R. 2010. E coli O157:H7- What is it, why is the beef industry being criticized and how to prevent it. Anim. Sci. Staff Paper # 560. Rust, S. R. 2010. Feeding vomitoxin contaminated corn. Anim. Sci. Staff Paper # 561. South Dakota State University Wertz-Lutz, A. E., R. H. Pritchard, D. C. McFarland, and K.W. Bruns. 2010. Effects of dietary energy source and corn oil inclusion on plasma metabolite and lipid profiles and intramuscular adipose and muscle accretion in beef cattle. 2010-10. Pages 52-63. South Dakota Ag. Exp. Sta. Beef Report, Brookings. Jennings, J. S. R. H. Pritchard, K. W. Bruns, D. H. Keisler, and A. E. Wertz-Lutz. 2010. Relationship of circulating ghrelin and leptin concentrations in beef cattle exhibiting differences in composition of gain. 2010-08. Pages 34-43. South Dakota Ag. Exp. Sta. Beef Report, Brookings. Jennings, J. S., J. A. Clapper, A. D. Weaver, and A. E. Wertz-Lutz. 2010. The presence of growth hormone secretagogue receptor (ghrelin receptor) in metabolic tissues of beef cattle with differences in composition of gain. 2010-09. Pages 44-51. South Dakota Ag. Exp. Sta. Beef Report, Brookings. Jennings, T. D., K. R. Underwood, A. E. Wertz-Lutz, and A. D. Weaver. 2010. Effect of maternal nutrition on fetal adipocyte development. South 2010-11. Pages 64-70. South Dakota Ag. Exp. Sta. Beef Report, Brookings. Pritchard, R. H., A. Wertz-Lutz, K. W. Bruns, and D. M. Wulf. 2010. Influence of dietary corn oil on production efficiencies and adipose and muscle accretion in beef cattle. 2010-04. Pages 1319. South Dakota Ag. Exp. Sta. Beef Report, Brookings. Bartosh, A. J., A. E. Wertz-Lutz, and C. L. Wright. 2010. Effect of supplemental fat from dried distillers grains with solubles or corn oil on nutrient digestibility. 2010-05. Pages 20-26. South Dakota Ag. Exp. Sta. Beef Report, Brookings. Section D. Extension/Outreach Activities Publications including Trade Publications and Newsletters: Iowa State University Loy, D. 2010. Background systemsadding value, adding pounds. Proceedings 2010 Iowa Beef Center Winter Cow Meeting Series-Doing Business in an Information-based Marketplace (11 meetings across Iowa) Loy, D. 2010. Feed Managementbunker to bunk. Proceedings 2010 Iowa Beef Center Feedlot Forum (6 meeting series across Iowa) Loy, D. 2010. Supplementing beef rations with byproducts (Three meetings across West Virginia) University of Minnesota Crawford, G. I. The importance of carcass data for the beef cow/calf producer. Minnesota Farm Guide. September 2010. Crawford, G. I. Backgrounding provides opportunity to add value to beef calves after weaning. Minnesota Farm Guide. July 2010. Crawford, G. I. Dairy steers present challenges, opportunities for feedlot producers. Minnesota Farm Guide. June 2010. Crawford, G. I. Development of youth in the beef industry the focus of the Minnesota Beef Industry Partners Conference. Minnesota Farm Guide. June 2010. Michigan State University Cross, L.D., S. R. Rust. 2010. Levels of distillers grain plus soluble in feedlot diets and strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. The Michigan Cattleman. Vol 25:16-17. South Dakota State University Holland, B. P. 2010. Expectations of cattle performance. The South Dakota Cattleman. Sept.-Oct. 2010. Pierre, SD. Holalnd, B. P. 2011. Profit trends and optimum end points for cattle. The South Dakota Cattleman. May-June 2011. Pierre, SD. Holland, B. P. 2010. West River Beef Days. 5 locations in western SD. Holland, B. P. 2011. BeefSD. 3 locations in western SD. University of Wisconsin Radunz, A. E. 2010. Beef Quality Assurance: Return on Investment. UW Extension Dairy and Beef Cattle Husbandry Conference Miller, Z., B. Halfman, and A. E. Radunz. 2010. Receiving health program critical for cattle purchased at sale barn. Courses or Conferences Organized: Iowa State University Sulfur and distillers grains-what are the limits? 2011. Webinar. Iowa State University and University of Nebraska-Lincoln joint production. University of Minnesota Minnesota Beef Industry Partners Conference, June 2010 Carcass Merit Program Open House, September 2010 Minnesota Beef Expo Youth Beef Experience, October 2010 Northwest Minnesota Fall Beef Roundup, November 2010 Minnesota Cattle Feeder Days, December 2010 Minnesota Beef Cow/Calf Days, February 2011 Michigan State University Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse Oklahoma State University Oklahoma Cattlemens College. July 2010. OSU Beef Industry Conference. April 2010. 5-State Beef Conference. September 2010. South Dakota State University FEDs Summer Feedlot and Marketing Considerations. July 2010. Opportunities Farm Livestock Seminar. July 2010. Beginning Entrepreneurs Expanding the Future of South Dakota (BEEFSD). 2011-2014. University of Wisconsin UW Extension Cattle Feeder Clinics 11 locations, Feb. 2010 Section E. Activities In addition to the NCCC-208 annual meeting hosted by South Dakota State University in Brookings, SD May 24-26, 2011, the committee held a preliminary planning meeting at the Midwest Section of the American Society of Animal Science annual meeting in Des Moines, IA March 19, 2011. Additional collaborative activities involving members of the committee included the ISU-UNL Sulfur webinar held 1/6/11. Collaborative grant submissions to the USDA-AFRI included multiple submissions with 2 or more committee member collaborators.

Impact Statements

Beef cattle feeders have reduced the use of cereal grain in rations and have lowered feed cost per pound of gain by effectively increasing the percentage of Distillers Dried Grains and Soulbles.
Common production practices were evaluated for their economic value to help buyers and sellers evaluate the cost-benefit trade off of such practices.

Date of Annual Report: 07/13/2012

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 05/22/2012 - 05/24/2012
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2010 - 09/01/2011

Participants

Felix, Tara University of Illinois
Hansen, Stephanie Iowa State University
Loy, Dan Iowa State University
Rust, Steve Michigan State University
DiCostanzo, Alfredo University of Minnesota
Erickson, Galen University of Nebraska
Loerch, Steve Ohio State University
Schoonmaker, Jon Purdue University
Condron, Kaitlin Purdue University
Shee, Christie Purdue University
Pritchard, Robbi South Dakota State University
Eun, Jong-Su Utah State University

Brief Summary of Minutes

Meeting Minutes

The 2012 meeting of the NCCC-208 Committee was hosted by Purdue University on May 22 24, 2012. Prior to the meeting an agenda was circulated and travel arrangements made by attending members.

On the afternoon of May 22nd, Jon Schoonmaker met Alfredo DiCostanzo and Galen Erickson at the Indianapolis airport and travelled to Elanco in Greenfield, IN. At Elanco they were met by Steve Loerch, Tara Felix, Dan Loy, Stephanie Hansen, and Robbi Pritchard. At Elanco, the group was given a tour of the facilities and Andrea Brake, Judson Vasconcelos, Bill Platter, and Nathan Pyatt presented updates on research and development, Elanco Knowledge Solutions, and Elanco products. The group then traveled to Fogo de Chao in Indianapolis for supper.

On the morning of May 23rd, the group met in Lilly Hall at Purdue University where they were welcomed by Dr. Alan Matthew, Animal Sciences Department Head. Dr. Maynard Hogberg joined by telephone and provided the administrative report. Dr. Hogberg discussed the importance of the committee documenting collaborative and coordinated efforts in its station reports and informed the committee that its 5-year project renewal is due in September of 2012. After the telephone conference ended, new objectives were discussed and Alfredo DiCostanzo, Tara Felix, and Jon Schoonmaker agreed to write the renewal documents.

Committee members contributed discussion on what focus areas for the upcoming re-write process should be considered. The decision was made to focus on feeding and managing feedlot cattle for segment and industry efficiency under reduced beef supply expected for the next 8 to 10 years. The committee also discussed if it should focus one of its objectives on food safety considering that there are other regional or national committees already tasked to do so. After some deliberation, the committee agreed to eliminate the current objective dealing with food safety although a secondary focus on this area will likely be retained by representatives already linked to microbiology and food safety experts within their university. The committee also agreed to encourage participation by states not traditionally represented in this committee: Texas A&M, West Texas A&M, Texas Tech, Oklahoma State, University of California.

The 2013 meeting was set to be held May 21 to 23 at the University of Minnesota, and Alfredo DiCostanzo will be secretary. A suggested site for the 2014 meeting is Utah State University. After the meeting some discussion was started, due to the possible retirement of Dr. Steve Loerch in 2014, to have our 2014 meeting at the Ohio State University. More discussion will follow and the final decision will likely be made March 2013 at the time of the ASAS/ADSA Midwest Region Meetings in Des Moines, IA.

Dr. Charlotte Kirk-Baer and Dr. Steve Smith joined the committee by telephone to give a report on personnel changes and funding opportunities within NIFA. They encouraged members to closely read RFAs in order to find appropriate programs to apply to. They also encouraged soliciting and submitting stakeholder input, and encouraged members to contact them with further questions. Lastly, the committee will need to consider how they will present impact evidence measures in the new project. Following the NIFA reports, discussion focused on the current request for committee members to serve on the new Beef NRC. Station reports were then held until lunch. After lunch, the group toured the feedlot at the Purdue University Animal Sciences Research and Education Center discussing research methods and capabilities. Station reports were then held until the meeting was adjourned for supper and discussion at 7:00 PM.

The meeting resumed at 8:00 AM on May 24th with a presentation by Dr. Linda Chezem on animal welfare law. Following, the group contacted Dr. Austin Miles by phone to discuss possible input into the new Beef NRC publication. Station reports were resumed at 10:00. The meeting adjourned at 11:30 AM.

Accomplishments

Section A: Short term outcomes Objective 1. To enhance the utilization of alternative feedstuffs including those which are available as a result of increased biofuel production while reducing reliance on cereal grains. Summary: Increasing DDGS inclusion and its impact on performance and sulfur metabolism continue to be a primary focus of the committee. Increasing dietary forage, changing forage type, and utilizing treated low quality forage to maximize fiber digestibility of DDGS appear to be a promising alternatives to cereal grains that decreased hydrogen sulfide gas production, increases usage of readily available feed resources, maintains performance, and decreases feed costs. University of Illinois Spring-calving cows (n=191) were utilized to evaluate the effects of late gestation diet type on subsequent progeny. Cows were placed one of two dietary treatments that were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous 90 d prior to expected calving date: corn coproducts and ground cornstalks, or ground hay. Cows were placed on a common diet post-calving with feedlot progeny (n=87) finished on a common diet. Feedlot calf performance and carcass characteristics were not affected by maternal diet type during late gestation. Fall-calving cows (n=260) grazing fescue/clover pastures were allotted to 1 of 2 dietary treatments 60 d prior to calving: 1) no supplement, or 2) supplementation of 2.1 kg DM/head/d dried distillers grains plus solubles offered daily. Subsequent steer progeny (n=82) were weaned at an average of 82 +/- 14d of age and finished on a common diet. Late gestation supplementation of DDGS at low levels did not affect subsequent calf feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Two hundred fifty Angus-based calves were blocked by weight and sex and assigned to one of five diets for a 112 d growing phase: 1) high starch (CNT); 2) isofat, isonitrogenous coproduct diet (LFLP); 3) isofat, high protein coproduct diet (LFHP); 4) high fat, isonitrogenous coproduct diet (HFLP); 5) high protein, high fat coproduct diet (HFHP). A common finishing diet was fed for the last 112 d. Starch based control improved performance in the growing phase, but feedlot performance was unaffected by diet. High fat diets improved marbling score. Cattle were fed 20% of a treated stover product that was either stored in an ag bag or extruded through a Readco with 40% MWDGS. Compared to their feedlot controls, corn-based diets, cattle fed corn stover, regardless of processing method, ate less and gained less; therefore, they tended to have lower final bodyweights. Cattle were fed diets of 20% stover that was processed 4 different ways: 1) treated with 5% CaO then put in an ag bag, 2) treated with 5% CaO then extruded, 3) treated with 4% CaO and 1% NaOH then extruded, and 4) treated with 3% CaO and 2% NaOH then extruded. Cattle fed a control corn diet ate more than any of the cattle fed treated stover; however, gains did not differ. Diets containing 50% DDGS or 50% MWDGS were fed to 140 steers. DGS were either treated with 2.5% CaO or untreated. There was no effect of treatment on gains. Currently, 300 hd are on trial to investigate the use of corn stover (20% DMB) and MWDGS (40% DMB) to replace corn in the diet. These cattle will finish in September. Iowa State University Six ruminally-fistulated steers were fed diets containing 0.5 % S, from a combination of distillers grains and condensed corn distillers solubles. The experimental design was a 2 x 3 factorial with two roughage sources: cornstalks or bromegrass hay, at 1 of 3 levels of added roughage NDF of 4, 7, or 10 % on a DM basis. When balanced for NDF levels, chopped cornstalks and chopped bromegrass grass hay did not differ in their effects on rumen H2S concentrations and ruminal pH. The increased inclusion of roughage resulted in increased ruminal pH and decreased ruminal H2S. In a follow up study 150 steers were fed one of five diets formulated to contain 4, 6.5, 9, 11.5, or 13 % NDF from bromegrass hay. Steers fed increasing roughage increased DMI and thus gains were not affected. Increasing hay inclusion in the diet from 5% to 12% (DM basis) decreased H2S concentrations and appears to be a practical way to increase inclusion of high S ingredients such as ethanol co-products while reducing the risk of S toxicity. Supplementation of a rumen-protected vitamin C (10 g"h-1"d-1 during the finishing period) to cattle consuming a high sulfur (0.56% S) diet enhanced meat quality and may potentially increase tenderness of the final meat product. Increasing the inclusion of dietary sulfur resulted in less activation µ-calpain and lower marbling scores, however, the addition of vitamin C to the high sulfur diet alleviated the negative effects. TBARS values were greater in cattle consuming vitamin C but may be related to the greater iron content of rib-facings. Because DDGS-based diets are often high in S, feeding vitamin C to cattle may allow producers to reap the economic benefits of a DDGS-based diet while still maintaining the quality and tenderness that consumers expect. University of Minnesota A total collection experiment was conducted on 32 Angus steers to determine the effects of adding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (XP) to cattle diets with high (HS) or low (LS) sulfur concentrations on nutrient metabolism. No differences were found in DM or OM intake, retention, or excretion. No differences were observed for nitrogen or energy intake or retention; however, increased fecal nitrogen and fecal energy excretion were observed with the LS treatments. Additionally, the treatments did not alter the animals stress response to a vaccine containing Mannheimia haemolytica type A1. High sulfur diets led to an increase in zinc intake, fecal zinc, total zinc excretion, zinc retention, urine calcium, and phosphorus retention. Additionally, the LS + XP treatment led to an increase in fecal calcium. The HS + NXP also led to an increase in total calcium excreted, while the LS + NXP led to a decrease in total calcium excreted. Overall, it is clear that the S content of feedlot diets has an impact on nutrient metabolism through alterations in mineral retention. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of differing dietary concentrations of roughage (R; 5%, 10% or 15%) and sulfur (S; 0.28% or 0.56%) in beef cattle feedlot finishing diets. Treatments were arranged in a 2 x 3 factorial. Results suggest that increasing dietary roughage concentration increases DMI while high dietary S concentrations decrease DMI. However, no interactions occurred to suggest that performance may be enhanced by feeding increased roughage in high-S feedlot diets. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of supplementing 1,000 ppm Mn as manganese oxide (MnO) to diets containing 0.35 (LS) or 0.60% (HS) dietary S, resulting in four treatments from a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Dietary inclusion of MnO was effective during the first 28 d of feeding high S diets, but had no effect beyond 28 d. High dietary S concentrations had a major effect on live performance and carcass characteristics throughout the experiment. This experiment was designed to determine the effect of substituting modified distillers grains with solubles (DGS, 0% or 40%) or soy glycerin (0% or 10%) for steam-flaked corn (SFC; 36.5 lb/bu flake density) in finishing diets on incidence of E. coli O157:H7, performance and carcass characteristics of yearling cattle. in treatments resulting from a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Neither co-product sustained viable E. coli O157:H7 beyond day 14. Iterated ME values of diets containing DGS were 13% lower than those without DGS. At the inclusion levels in this study, soy glycerin had a similar energy value and DGS a lesser energy value than SFC. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of increasing degradable intake protein (DIP) concentrations in finishing diets on feedlot cattle performance and carcass characteristics. Forty-two Angus and Angus-crossbred steers were assigned randomly to one of three dietary treatments (DM basis): 0% (CON), 0.4% (LU), and 0.6% (HU) dietary urea inclusion. Increasing DIP through inclusion of 0.6% urea in finishing diets containing 20% DG resulted in improvements in ADG and Feed:Gain, without affecting carcass characteristics. University of Nebraska Three refereed journal articles were published on utilization of distillers grains and impact on cattle performance. Results were presented on improving protein formulation in diets with distillers grains. In dry-rolled corn based diets it is not necessary to include urea as a degradable protein source when wet or dry distillers grains are included in the diet at 20% or greater. Variation in nutrient content of distillers grains from a large sampling project was published that included 6 ethanol plants (10 samples/d for 5 consecutive d) during 2 separate months. The goal was to characterize nutrient variability within and among plants. For each measured nutrient (DM, fat, S, ash, and NDF), coefficients of variation were provided for both across ethanol plant and within plant variation. As ethanol plants change their production practices (fractionation) the nutrient composition and feeding value changes with each new type of distillers grains. One method results in a byproduct that contains approximately 27% starch, 15% crude protein, and 10.5% ether extract. Results from both growing and finishing studies suggested the energy value was slightly improved compared with the corn grain it replaced, up to 45% of the diet. In the 2012 Nebraska beef report, 14 articles focused on utilization of byproducts. Data were presented with byproducts which included different grain sources (field peas, barley, corn processing methods), condensed distillers solubles, wet beet pulp, and 5 experiments using greater concentrations of byproducts during grain adaptation (replacing traditional forages and a portion of grain). Two experiments were completed to determine the impact of feeding spoiled wet distillers grains to both growing and finishing cattle. Surprisingly, spoilage had little impact on growth performance even when 10 to 20% (DM basis) of the material was visually spoiled and measured as spoilage. There were significant losses of nutrients (and DM); however, it may be okay to just pile wet distillers grains and feed it despite appearance. Additionally, 2 experiments were conducted to determine the impact of using 5% calcium oxide to treat low quality forage. When treated forages replaced 20% of corn grain in diets containing wet distillers grains, performance or carcass quality was not compromised and it appeared to be a cost-effective alternative to feeding grain. The Ohio State University Rumen pH can be altered by treating DDGS with 2% NaOH prior to feeding. This treatment not only reduced the risk of rumen acidosis by increasing rumen pH but it also increased rumen degradation of NDF in diets that contain 60% DDGS. Treating DDGS with 2% NaOH has the potential to reduce PEM risk and may allow for increased dietary inclusion of DDGS without sacrificing feedlot performance. Increasing dietary hay from 7 to 14% did not improve DMI, ADG, G:F, or final BW for cattle fed corn or 60% DDGS-based diets. Cattle fed 60% DDGS had reduced DMI, decreased final BW, and tended to have decreased ADG compared to those fed corn. However, supplementing DDGS-based diets with additional hay tended to improve rumen pH and measures of rumen fiber fermentation. The shift in rumen pH with added hay was not sufficient to alter sulfur metabolism in the rumen. Following an abrupt switch to diets containing 3 levels of S, results indicate it takes at least 29 d to achieve peak H2S production. Purdue University Performance, rumen pH, VFA production, and urine and feces output were determined for cattle fed 60% DDGS diets and either 0, 0.8, 1.6, or 2.4% CaO DM basis. Inclusion of CaO up to 1.6% increased ADG with no effect on DMI. 0.8 and 1.6% CaO delayed rumen pH decline and 2.4% CaO stabilized rumen pH to the greatest extent.Acetate, butyrate, and total VFA concentrations were increased linearly (P d 0.05) at pre-feeding and at 3, 6, and 12 h h post-feeding with increasing CaO. Urine pH increased linearly while urine production decreased linearly as CaO inclusion increased. Feeding DDGS to lactating beef cows did not change BW or BCS, but did improve timed AI rates and alter milk composition. As a result, cows bred back sooner and male progeny from cows fed DDGS had a higher ADG which resulted in heavier BW at both termination of the study and at weaning. Feeding DDGS to cows during early lactation could be used as a method to program the neonate for improved long-term growth. Calves are currently in the feedlot and the study in ongoing. South Dakota State University Steam flaked corn based finishing diets were fed to yearling steers in a 138d study. Diets (n=6) contained either 0 or 15% WDGS and either 0, 3, or 6% steep. Including only WDGS increased (P<.05) ADG, DMI, and carcass fatness. Including 3 or 6% steep(without WDGS) resulted in cattle performance comparable to that observed for the no byproducts control diet. The combination of WDGS + steep caused poorer ADG and F/G than feeding WDGS alone. The response to increasing steep in the presence of WDGS was quadratic (P<0.10) with lower ADG and higher F/G being associated with the 3% level of steep inclusion. Utah State University A series of experiments was conducted to investigate the effects of adding an exogenous proteolytic enzyme (EPE) on the growth performance of beef steers fed growing and finishing diets containing 30% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS; Exp. 1), and results corroborated by in vitro ruminal fermentation in continuous cultures (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, 48 Angus crossbred steers were randomly allotted to 12 pens (4 animals per pen) and assigned to 2 treatments (6 pens per treatment) in a completely randomized design: DDGS TMR (DT) without and with EPE (27 mg of azocasein hydrolyzed/min/kg DM TMR). The addition of EPE during the growing phase increased DMI, but had no effects on final BW, BW change, ADG, and G:F. There was a tendency for both ADG and final BW to increase during the finishing phase without affecting BW change and G:F. As opposed to the growing phase, EPE increased digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, and ADF. In Exp. 2, 4 dietary treatments were assessed in continuous cultures; non-DDGS TMR (NDT) or DT finishing beef steer diet was combined without or with EPE in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Feeding the DT increased total VFA concentration which corresponded with a decreased pH compared with the NDT diet regardless of EPE supplementation. Supplementing EPE tended to increase the total VFA concentration in both diets, but only increased digestibility of DM, OM, and NDF when added to the DT diet, leading to tendencies on TMR × enzyme interaction. Addition of the EPE product assessed in this study resulted in positive responses in Exp. 1 and 2 when added to finishing beef steer diets, and thus it is clear that use of protease enzyme products may be more effective in high concentrate diets such as finishing beef steer diets containing DDGS. University of Wisconsin A comparison of corn silage verses chopped hay in finishing diets containing 20 vs. 40% dried distillers grains (DDGS) in replacement of corn was conducted. No overall effects of forage type or inclusion level of DDGS was detected for feedlot performance or carcass traits, except G:F was greater for cattle fed chopped hay verses corn silage as a forage source. Feeding chopped hay verses corn silage in finishing diets containing DDGS may improve feed efficiency and at higher inclusion level of DDGS may result in higher marbling score. Effects of the inclusion of white clover or urea into tall or meadow fescue pastures on animal performance and forage characteristics. Tall Fescue (TF) produced more available forage than Meadow Fescue (MF), which then allowed for a greater carrying capacity for TF. The inclusion of clover decreased available forage in both of the grasses, but did increase CP, IVTD and decreased NDF percentages in the pasture swards. MF had greater ADG than TF but similar gain per acre. Including white clover (WC) into the pastures increased ADG by 0.35 lbs/d. WC also increased gain per acre compared to monoculture pastures. Including white clover in pasture swards increased animal daily gain and total animal gain per acre. Both grasses produced similar gain per acre, but animal performance did differ. Objective 2. To enhance quality and safety of beef through emerging pre-harvest technologies and management strategies. Iowa State University Steers were fed a trace mineral adequate or trace mineral deficient diet for 90 d, during the growing phase, followed by a 20 h shipping period, and then a 90 d finishing phase with a common trace mineral adequate diet, where half of the animals from each diet were injected with Multimin®90, or sterilized saline. Trace mineral content of the diet did not impact steer performance during the growing phase, but trace mineral adequate steers lost less weight per day and recovered feed intake more quickly than mildly trace mineral deficient steers after the shipping period. A multi-element trace mineral injectable improved ADG of mildly trace mineral deficient steers post-shipping. Steers previously on a trace mineral adequate diet had greater marbling scores, and mineral injection increased rib eye area and marbling score. Michigan State University A study is ongoing to evaluate the role the rumen environment has on fecal shedding of STEC organisms. Rumen fluid was collected from 82 animals across five dairy and beef herds. Rumen fluid samples were collected at 2-3 week intervals for a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 5 sample periods. Rumen fluid was used in two assays to measure the growth of STEC organisms. The first assay measures the non-microbial inhibition factors (chemical), whereas the second assay provided an estimate of the growth/inhibition in a rumen fluid as it is collected. Growth of the altered E coli was reduced by 27% in assay 1 and 214% in the in vitro fermentation test (assay 2). The correlation between chemical inhibition and pH, valerate, propionate and isobutyrate were .23, -.20, -.13, and -.14, respectively. The opportunity exists to identify animals with greater ruminal inhibition of E. coli O157:H7. University of Minnesota An experiment was conducted comparing the effects of soy glycerin (0% vs 10% GLY) and corn processing: rolled corn (DRC) vs steam flaked corn (SFC) on Escherichia coli O157:H7 shedding in E. coli O157:H7 inoculated cattle (1011 CFU per calf with a cocktail of four E. coli O157:H7 strains resistant to two specific antibiotics (nalidixic acid and rifampin). No significant differences in E. coli O157:H7 concentrations were found between the treatments. Overall average fecal counts of E. coli O157:H7 decreased over time from 4.5 to less than 1.0 log CFU/g 20 d after inoculation. Results from this experiment indicate that neither soy glycerin inclusion nor corn processing method stimulated the shedding of artificially inoculated of E. coli O157:H7. Therefore, under the conditions of our experiment, we conclude that feeding soy glycerin and processed corn had little impact on the colonization of cattle by E. coli O157:H7. Two surveys were conducted to assess the impact of feeding diets containing Distillers Grains and Solubles (DGS) on the incidence of E. coli O157:H7 in fecal samples removed from pen surfaces (feedlot; n = 1,376) or hides (abattoir; n = 1,211) in Minnesota. Results from feedlot surveillance indicated an overall E. coli O157:H7 prevalence of 9.74% when averaged across the three farm sites. Dietary concentration of DGS (e 20, 17-19.9, d 16.9 DM basis) had no effect on the odds of a positive test occurring. A positive test was 2 times more likely to be found for yearlings than for calves. We observed the highest prevalence for shedding of E. coli O157:H7 in the summer (31.25%) and the lowest prevalence in fall (4.93%). Results from the abattoir surveillance indicated an overall prevalence of 11.23% when averaged across all samples. Distillers grains had no effect on occurrence of positive samples. Results from this study indicate the inclusion of DGS in beef cattle feedlot diets did not affect E. coli O157:H7 prevalence in Minnesota-fed feedlot cattle and at a commercial abattoir. University of Nebraska Two beef reports were published in 2012 on cattle growth that focused on optimizing use of zilpaterol and the influence of condensed distillers solubles on shelf life. When zilpaterol is fed to cattle, USDA quality grade is reduced by approximately 10%. When zilpaterol was fed to cattle sorted by body weight, carcass weights were increased without increasing variation in carcass weight, and allowed for cattle to reach an optimum fat endpoint. This management strategy can help offset some negative carcass quality issues that are commonly reported. Previous research has demonstrated that feeding distillers grains increases oxidation in retail cuts which decreases shelf life. Strip loins were collected from feedlot cattle fed 0, 9, 18, 27, and 36% condensed distillers solubles to determine the impact on retail product shelf life. When feeding condensed distillers solubles, no detrimental effects in shelf life were observed. These data suggest that the unprotected fat in solubles is available to rumen microbes and biohydrogenation of the fat occurs to a greater extent compared to the fat in distillers grains. The Ohio State University Removal of supplemental vitamin A from barley based finishing diets increased marbling without affecting backfat, gains, or animal health. Purdue University Supplemental vitamin D did not improve tenderness in cattle fed 0 or 8.3 mg/kg zilpaterol hydrochloride (Zilmax). Zilmax decreased mRNA expression of MHC-1 and MHC-2a fiber types. 5.0 x 106 IU for 10 d increased mRNA expression of MHC-2a when cattle were not fed Zilmax. Correlation analysis revealed that muscle fiber type, concentration of 1,25-(OH)2 in longissimus muscle, and plasma Ca concentrations at feedlot entry are most correlated with beef tenderness. Ninety steers were allotted to three treatments to evaluate the effects of DCAD on beef tenderness. Treatments were initiated 2 weeks prior to slaughter and consisted of 3 DCAD (mEq/100 g) concentrations: +16, 0, and -16. Urine pH did not differ at the initiation of the study, but did decrease (linear and quadratic) on d 7 and d 14 of the study as DCAD decreased from +16 to 0 to -16, respectively. Carcass characteristics, including tenderness, did not differ among DCAD treatments. Beta-carotene supplementation seems to inhibit expression of enzymes involved in metabolism of beta-carotene and vitamin A, potentially allowing these metabolites to accumulate in muscle, thus altering fatty acid profile and fat deposition. South Dakota State University Steer calves were sorted and managed based on SNP of the leptin gene. Only CC and TT types were used. Both genotypes of steers were grown from 720 to 980 lb on lower (43Mcal NEg) or higher (56Mcal NEg) diets and then finished to a common fat endpoint on a common diet. Grower diets influenced steer performance during the finishing phase. Genotype had no effect on the rate or efficiency of growth. The primary interest was in whether there would be a genotype x growth rate influence on final carcass traits. No interactions were evident. Carcass composition (9-10-11 rib) of a subsample of the population indicated that the TT genotype was associated with greater carcass fatness. However, this was not evident in Yield Grade data for the larger population of steers on this study. Objective 3. To enhance the environmental sustainability of the feedlot industry through N, P, K, and S management by improving nutrient utilization and excreted nutrient conservation. Michigan State University A study was conducted to evaluate the affects of dried distillers grain with soluble (DDGS) on ammonia (NH3) emissions. Twelve Holstein steers were housed in environmentally controlled rooms; 4 steers per dietary treatment. Three dietary treatments were fed; 0% DDGS, 40% DDGS, and 40% DDGS plus 6 ppm molybdenum (Mo) and 60 ppm copper (Cu) added to the diet. The study was divided into phases; phase 1 monitored emissions data for 22 d from the animal and manure (feces and urine mixture) and phase 2 monitored emissions for 4 d while steers were fitted with fecal bags to separate feces from urine. Ammonia emissions across all treatments were reduced from 74.8 mg/g N intake (NI)/d during phase 1 to 11.2 mg/g NI/d during phase 2. Within phase 1, both 40% DDGS diets had significantly greater NH3 emissions at 83.0 mg/g NI/d compared to the control diets at 58.5 mg/g NI/d. The 40% DDGS diet also differed in NH3 emissions from 76.3 mg/g NI/d to 89.7 mg/g NI/d in 40% DDGS plus. A total N balance was calculated from data collected during phase 2. Nitrogen intake increased from 129.8 g/d to 214.1 g/d in both 40% diets. Nitrogen loss from gas (NH3, NO2, and NO-) and feces were similar among treatments; however urine increased from 43.2 g/d to 78.1 g/d in both 40% DDGS diets. Additionally, inclusion of DDGS at 40% increased N retention from 1.6 g/d in the control diets to 49.8 g/d in the 40% DDGS diets. University of Nebraska Three refereed journal publications published in 2011 focused on N losses or greenhouse gas emissions from beef production systems. Four beef reports focused on manure management and nitrogen losses. The impact of greenhouse gas emissions and the Corn-Cattle-Ethanol cycle was evaluated at different distillers grains level and moisture content, nitrogen use efficiency throughout a production system. Feeding wet distillers to feedlot cattle provided the optimum feed use of distillers grains. Partial (modified distillers grains) or complete drying (dried distillers) reduced the feeding value and increased ethanol greenhouse gas emissions relative to wet distillers grains. Six experiments were conducted to evaluate dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) in concentrate diets on urinary pH, feedlot performance, and N mass balance. The goals of these experiments were to determine the extent that urinary pH could be reduced and if the reduced urinary pH would shift more of the N in the manure (urine, feces, and soil) to ammonium and reduce N loss. Feeding low DCAD diets reduced urinary pH but the buffering capacity of soil in open-lot pens neutralized the acidic urine. Manure cleaned from pens in the spring across 2 years was used to determine the effect of aerobically composting or anaerobically stockpiling manure. Organic C and N losses were greater for composted manure compared with stockpiled manure. The proportion of ammonium N was greater for stockpiled manure compared with composted manure. However, when samples from each storage method were dried after the active composting process (>100 d), the additional N loss as ammonia from the stockpiled manure was less compared with the total N loss from composting. Utah State University A 2-year grazing study was conducted to evaluate the effects of finishing beef cattle grazed on tall fescue (TF) pasture with (TF+NF) or without (TFNF) N fertilization on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and carcass characteristics. In each grazing season, 18 Angus crossbred steers were arranged based on a completely randomized design with repeated measures. In response to N fertilization, greater CP concentration was detected on TF+NF compared with TFNF in 2011. Nitrogen fertilization increased overall ADG of steers grazed TF+NF in 2-year grazing seasons, and tended to increase overall DMI and G:F in 2010. Regardless of N fertilization, ADG was peaked at wk 4 and 8, and then declined until wk 16. Gradually decline of G:F was noticed with progression in grazing seasons. Higher total VFA concentration was detected on steers grazed TF+NF, but minor effect was showed on individual VFA (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) concentrations and acetate-to-propionate ratio. Ruminal ammonia-N (NH3-N) concentration increased due to N fertilization, while NH3-N:total VFA increased with the progression of grazing seasons. Overall results of this study indicate that N fertilization on TF affected ruminal fermentation which positively influenced growth performances, but did not affect carcass characteristics of grazing beef steers. Objective 4. To enhance the health and production efficiency of feedlot cattle through management strategies and technologies which enhance cattle comfort and wellbeing. University of Illinois Supplemental DDGS to grazing heifers did not decrease fecal egg counts when compared to corn supplementation. However, DDGS supplementation increased heifer performance including ADG, final BW, and PCV when compared to corn supplementation. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a Tylan® pellet on implant defects and resulting performance in finishing steers. A 2x2 factorial was set up to study the impacts of clean and dirty implanting procedures on cattle implanted with implants containing Tylan® or with regular implants. Tylan® containing implants and clean implanting procedures reduced implant defects and improved performance. University of Nebraska Two reports focused on feeding elevated concentrations of S. Data from 1 experiment confirmed previous research that the source of S (organic vs. inorganic) has an impact on ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentration and reduces performance. To determine the risk of sulfur toxicity, ruminal degradable S should be evaluated as well as total dietary S. A meta-analysis of finishing trials was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary S on feedlot health. For a given level of dietary S the relative risk for polioencephalomalacia decreased as forage NDF increased. As rumen degradable S increased in the diet, the incidence increased. Similar to the previous study, determining the concentration of rumen degradable S is a better measure of risk because it accounts for the dietary S that contributes to hydrogen sulfide production. Utah State University We investigated changes in ruminal fermentation when high concentration of Se was administered in mixed ruminal cultures in fermentors. A dual-flow continuous culture system was used in a completely randomized design (n = 4) to test 2 dietary treatments: control (no Se addition) and 50 ppm Se addition. Grass hay (20 g DM/d) containing 0.12 ppm Se was added to the fermentors in 2 equal portions at 0800 and 1700 h. Selenium (sodium selenate) was added to the Se addition treatment by gradually increasing the concentration from 2 to 50 ppm over the 11 d in adaptation period. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration averaged 52.2 and 55.5 mM in the control and Se treatment, respectively, and addition of Se did not affect the VFA concentration. Molar proportions of acetate and propionate did not differ due to Se addition, resulting in a similar acetate-to-propionate ratio. However, addition of Se tended to increase ammonia-N concentration. Additionally, Se addition increased methane production. Selenate-respiring microorganisms were detected by the most probable number enumeration technique in 3 of the 4 replications receiving Se. Addition of 50 ppm Se in grass hay of the diet had no negative impacts on ruminal fermentation, as was observed in similar culture pH and VFA concentration. However, addition of Se affected microbial N metabolism by increasing ammonia-N concentration. Overall data in this study suggest that the addition of Se up to 50 ppm would not interfere with in vitro ruminal metabolism by microbiota. Presentations Illinois 1 Iowa 13 Michigan 16 Minnesota 20 Nebraska 12 Ohio State 6 Purdue 2 South Dakota 8 Wisconsin 12

Publications

Section C: Publications 2011 Refereed Journal Articles and Book Chapters: Iowa State University Fry, R.S., T.T. Brown Jr, K.E. Lloyd, S.L. Hansen, L.R. Legleiter, W.P. Robarge and J.W. Spears. 2011. Effect of dietary boron on physiological responses in growing steers inoculated with bovine herpesvirus type-1. Res. Vet. Sci. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.04.016. Koknaroglu, H., D. Loy, M. Hoffman, A. Trenkle and J. Lawrence. 2011. Integration of pasture systems for cattle finishing programs. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 6 (2):132-154. Pastoor, J. W., D. D. Loy, A. Trenkle, and J. D. Lawrence. 2011. Comparing Fed Cattle Performance in Open lot and bedded confinement feedlot facilities. Professional Animal Scientist (submitted) Pogge, D.J., E. L. Richter, M. E. Drewnoski and S. L. Hansen. 2012. Mineral concentrations of plasma and liver following injection with a trace mineral complex differ among Angus and Simmental cattle. J. Animal. Sci. Papers in press: doi:10.2527/jas.2011-4482. Drewnoski, M.E., S.M. Ensley, D.C. Beitz, D.D. Loy, P.M. Imerman, J.A. Rathje, and S.L. Hansen. 2012. Assessment of ruminal hydrogen sulfide or urine thiosulfate as diagnostic tools for sulfur induced polioencephalomalacia in cattle. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation (accepted). N. J. Schuler, C. J. Bern, D. D. Loy, T. J. Brumm, D. R. Strohbehn. 2012. Mixing beef feed rations containing wet distillers grains. Applied Engineering in Agriculture (submitted) University of Minnesota Marino, C.T., W.G. Otero, P.H.M. Rodrigues, A. DiCostanzo, D.D. Millen, R.L.D. Pacheco, N. DiLorenzo, C.L. Martins, and M.D.B. Arrigoni. 2011. Effects of adding polyclonal antibody preparations on ruminal fermentation patterns and digestibility of cows fed different energy sources. J.Anim. Sci. 89:3228-3235. DiCostanzo, A. and C.L. Wright. 2011. Distillers Grains for Beef Cattle. In: Distillers Grains: Production, Properties and Utilization. (K. Liu and K.A. Rosentrater, editors). AOCS Publishing. 2011. University of Nebraska Bremer, V. R., A. K. Watson, A. J. Liska, G. E. Erickson, K. G. Cassman, K. J. Hanford, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2011. Impact of distillers grains moisture and inclusion level in livestock diets on greenhouse gas emissions in the corn ethanol livestock life cycle. Prof. Anim. Sci. 27:449-455. Buckner, C. D., V. R. Bremer, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, K. J. Vander Pol, K. K. Karges, and M. L. Gibson. 2011. Evaluation of a prefermentation-fractionated by-product corn grain dry milling ethanol process in growing and finishing cattle diets. Prof. Anim. Sci. 27:295-301. Buckner, C. D., M. F. Wilken, J. R. Benton, S. J. Vanness, V. R. Bremer, T. J. Klopfenstein, P. J. Kononoff, and G. E. Erickson. 2011. Nutrient variability for distillers grains plus soluble and dry matter determination of ethanol by-products. Prof. Anim. Scient. 27:57-64. Driskell, Judy A., Young-Nam Kim, David W. Giraud, Fayrene L. Hamouz, Amilton S. de Mello Jr., Galen E. Erickson, and Chris R. Calkins. 2011. Vitamin and mineral content of value cuts from beef steers fed distillers grains. J. Food Comp. Analy. 24:362-367. Jenkins, K. H., K. J. Vander Pol, J. T. Vasconcelos, S. A. Fruman, C. T. Milton, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2011. Effect of degradable intake protein supplementation in finishing diets containing dried distillers grains or wet distillers grains pus solubles on performance and carcass characteristics. Prof. Anim. Sci. 27:312-318. Luebbe, M. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, M. A. Greenquist, and J. R. Benton. 2011. Effect of dietary cation-anion difference on urinary pH, feedlot performance, nitrogen mass balance and manure pH in open feedlot pens. J. Anim. Sci.89:489-500. Luebbe, M. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, M. A. Greenquist, and J. R. Benton. 2011. Composting or stockpiling of feedlot manure in Nebraska: Nutrient concentration and mass balance. Prof. Anim. Scient. 27:83-91. The Ohio State University Relling, A. E., C. K. Reynolds, and S. C. Loerch. 2011. Effect of feeding fat or intra-jugular infusion of glucagon-like peptide-1 and cholecystokinin on dry matter intake, digestibility, and digesta rate of passage in growing wethers. J. Anim. Sci. 89:168-178. Pickworth, C. L., S. C. Loerch, S. G. Velleman, J. L. Pate, D. H. Poole, F. L. Fluharty. 2011. Adipogenic differentiation state-specific gene expression as related to bovine carcass adiposity. J. Anim. Sci. 88:355-366. Radunz, A. E., F. L. Fluharty, H. N. Zerby, and S. C. Loerch. 2011. Winter feeding systems for gestation sheep: I. Effects on pre- and postpartum ewe performance and lamb progeny preweaning performance. J. Anim. Sci. 89:467-477. Radunz, A. E., F. L. Fluharty, I. Susin, T. L. Felix, H. N. Zerby, and S. C. Loerch. 2011. Winter feeding systems for gestation sheep: II. Effects on feedlot performance, glucose tolerance, and carcass composition of lamb progeny. J. Anim. Sci. 89:478-488. Zerby, H. N., J. L. Bard, S. C. Loerch, P. S. Kuber, A. E. Radunz, and F. L. Fluharty. 2011. Effects of diet and Aspergillus oryzae extract or Saccharomyces on growth and carcass characteristics of lambs and steers fed to meet requirements of natural markets. J. Anim. Sci. 89:2257-2264. Rodriguez-Palacios, A., C. Pickworth, S. Loerch, and J. T. LeJeune. 2011. Clostridium difficile in finishing beef cattle: Transient fecal shedding and limited animal-to-animal transmission in a naturally infected feedlot. Applied Environmental Microbiology. 77:3391-3397. Felix, T. L. , A. E. Radunz, and S. C. Loerch. 2011. Effects of limit feeding corn or dried distillers grains with solubles at two intakes during the growing phase on the performance of feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 89:2273-2279. Felix, T. L. and S. C. Loerch. 2011. Effects of haylage and monensin supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, and ruminal metabolism of feedlot cattle fed diets containing 60% dried distillers grains. J. Anim. Sci. 89:2614-2623. Ferreira, E. M., A. V. Pires, I. Susin, C. Q. Mendes, M. A. A. Queiroz, R. C. Araujo, F. S. Urano, G. H. Rodrigues, and S. C. Loerch. 2011. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, and eating behavior of feedlot lambs fed high-concentrate diets containing soybean hulls. J. Anim. Sci. 89:4120-4126. Ferreira, E. M., A. V. Pires, I. Susin, C. Q. Mendes, M. A. A. Queiroz, R. C. Araujo, F. S. Urano, G. H. Rodrigues, and S. C. Loerch. 2011. Apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance, and ruminal constituents in ram lambs fed high-concentrate diets containing soybean hulls. J. Anim. Sci. 89:4127-4133. Gibb, D. J., F. H. Herk, P. S. Mir, S. C. Loerch, and T. A. McAllister. 2011. Removal of supplemental vitamin A from barley-based diets improves marbling if feedlot heifers. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 91:669-674. Purdue University Garmyn, A. J., G. G. Hilton, R. G. Mateescu, J. B. Morgan, J. M. Reecy, R. G. Tait, D. C. Beitz, Q. Duan, M. S. Mayes, J. P. Schoonmaker, and D. L. VanOverbeke. 2011. Estimation of relationships between mineral concentration and fatty acid composition of longissimus muscle and beef palatability traits. J. Anim. Sci. 89:2849-2858. Schoonmaker, J. 2012. Nutrition of Ruminants. (Chapter 6). In: Animal Science and Industry, 8th Edition, Edit. M. Cunningham, M. A. Latour, and D. Acker., Pearson & Prentice Hall, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Schoonmaker, J. P., and D. C. Beitz. 2012. Hydrogen sulphide: synthesis, physiological roles and pathology associated with feeding cattle maize co-products of the ethanol industry. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (in press) South Dakota State University Mueller, C. J., H. M. Blalock, and R. H. Pritchard. 2011. Use of soybean hulls as a replacement for dry rolled corn in beef cattle feedlot receiving diets. J. Anim. Sci. 89:3954-3972 Jennings, J.S., A.E. Wertz-Lutz, R.H. Pritchard, A.D. Weaver, D.H. Keisler, and K.W. Bruns. 2011. Circulating ghrelin and leptin concentrations and growth hormone secretagogue receptor abundance in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue of beef cattle exhibiting differences in composition of gain. J. Anim. Sci. 89:3954-3972 Utah State University Noviandi, C. T., R. E. Ward, D. R. ZoBell, R. D. Stott, B. L. Waldron, M. D. Peel, and J.-S. Eun. 2011. Fatty acid composition in adipose tissue of pasture- and feedlot-finished beef steers. Prof. Anim. Sci.28:184193. Vera, J. M., A. H. Smith, D. R. ZoBell, A. J. Young, and J.-S. Eun. 2011. Effects of an exogenous proteolytic enzyme on growth performance of beef steers and in vitro ruminal fermentation in continuous cultures. Prof. Anim. Sci. (manuscript in press) Proceedings and Technical Reports: Iowa State University Hansen, S.L. 2011. Alleviating Sulfur Toxicity- ISU Research Update. Plains Nutrition Council. Michigan State University Rust, Steven R. 2011. "Potential Uses of Algal Products in Agriculture." July. Utah State University Eun, J.-S., B. R. Min, B. J. Min, D. R. ZoBell, and A. J. Young. 2011. Effects of tannin extracts on in vitro growth of pathogenic and ruminal acidosis-causing bacteria. Advances in Animal Biosciences 2:299. Noviandi, C. T., J.-S. Eun, D. R. ZoBell, R. D. Stott, B. L. Waldron, and M. D. Peel. 2011. Growth performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers grazing tall fescue without or with nitrogen fertilization. Pages 337-340 in Proceedings, Western Section, American Society of Animal Science, Montana State Univ., Miles City, MT. University of Minnesota Jaderborg, J. P., G. I. Crawford, and A. DiCostanzo. 2011. Access time to hay feeder by gestating beef cows affects dry matter intake and hay waste. University of Minnesota Beef Report. BR-1103. Kelzer, J. M., J. M. Popowski, S. Bird, R. B. Cox, G. I. Crawford, and A. DiCostanzo. 2011. Effects of including low fat, high protein dried distillers grains in finishing diets on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of steers. University of Minnesota Beef Report. BR-1104. Paulus, D. M., J. P. Jaderborg, C. Belknap, G. I. Crawford, and A. DiCostanzo. 2011. Effect of inclusion of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product in feedlot diets with two different sulfur concentrations. University of Minnesota Beef Report. BR-1105. University of Wisconsin Radunz, A. E. 2011. Dairy Beef Production as an Alternative Enterprise. In: National Dairy Calf and Heifer Conference Proceedings. Abstracts: University of Illinois Pickworth, C.L., T.L. Felix, I. Susin, L.M. Shoup, and S.C. Loerch. 2011. Effects of supplemental dried distillers grains on performance and internal parasites of grazing lambs. Joint Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 89:E-Suppl. 1. Retallick1, K.M., D.B.Faulkner, T.G. Nash, R.L.Botts, N.A. Pyatt, and J.L. Bargen. 2011. Impact of Component TE-S and Component TE-S with Tylan on implant defects and performance in steers implanted under clean and dirty conditions. Plains Nutrition Council, April 2011. Loerch, S.C., F.L. Fluharty, L.A. Morrow, S.A. Metzger, and T.L. Felix. 2012. Effects of dietary sulfur on rumen hydrogen sulfide concentrations over time. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 90: E-Suppl. 2. Morrow, L.A., T.L. Felix, F.L. Fluharty, S.A. Metzger, and S.C. Loerch. 2012. Effects of hay supplementation in corn and dried distillers grains based diets on performance and rumen metabolism in feedlot cattle. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 90: E-Suppl. 2. Retallick1, K.M., D.B.Faulkner, T.G. Nash, R.L.Botts, N.A. Pyatt, and J.L. Bargen. 2012. Impact of Component TE-S and Component TE-S with Tylan on implant defects and performance in steers implanted under clean and dirty conditions. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 90: E-Suppl. 2. Welker, L.R., T.L. Felix, F.A. Ireland, and D.B. Faulkner. 2012. Effects of supplemented dried distillers grains versus corn on internal parasites and performance in growing beef heifers. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 90: E-Suppl. 2. Wilson, T.B, D. W. Shike, D. B. Faulkner, T. G. Nash, and N. Post. Influence of prepartum diet type on cow performance and subsequent calf performance. 2012. J. Anim. Sci. 90: E-Suppl. 2. Wilson, T.B., D. W. Shike, D. B. Faulkner, A. R. Schroeder, T. G. Nash, and F. A. Ireland. Effects of prepartum distillers grains supplementation on subsequent steer feedlot performance. 2012. J. Anim. Sci. 90: E-Suppl. 2. Iowa State University Drewnoski, M.E., P. Doane, and S.L. Hansen. 2011. Ferric citrate decreases ruminal hydrogen sulfide production in feedlot cattle fed diets high in sulfate. Late Breaking Abstract. J. Anim. Sci.(Suppl. 1) 89:iii. Pogge, D.J. and S.L. Hansen. 2011. Effect of supplemental vitamin C on performance and antioxidant capacity of cattle fed varying concentrations of dietary sulfur. J. Anim. Sci.(Suppl. 1) 89:259. Drewnoski, M.E. and S.L. Hansen. 2011. Effect of delaying the feeding of high sulfur diets to feedlot cattle until after adaptation to a finishing diet. J. Anim. Sci.(Suppl. 1) 89:451. Drewnoski, M.E., D.C Beitz, D.D. Loy, S.M. Ensley and S.L. Hansen. 2011. Factors affecting ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentration of cattle. J. Anim. Sci.(Suppl. 2) 89:149. Morine, S.J., M.E. Drewnoski and S.L. Hansen. 2011. Effects of corn addition to fiber- based supplements on growing cattle performance and forage digestion. J. Anim. Sci.(Suppl. 2) 89:163. *Undergraduate Poster Competition Paper-1st place Richter, E.L., M.E. Drewnoski, C.J. Ziemer and S.L. Hansen. 2011. High dietary sulfur modifies volatile fatty acid profiles and increases hydrogen sulfide gas production. J. Anim. Sci.(Suppl. 2) 89:150. Russell, J. R., D. D. Loy, and M. Cecava. 2011. Potential of calcium oxide-treated corn stover and modified distillers grains as a partial replacement for corn grain in feedlot diets. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 89:362, E-Suppl. 1 (Abstr. T291). Taylor, J. F., J.E. Beever, S.C. Fahrenkrug, D.B. Faulkner, H.C. Freetly, D.J. Garrick, K.A. Johnson, S.L. Hansen, M.S. Kerley, D.D. Loy, H.L. Neibergs, E.J. Pollak, D. Pomp, C.M. Seabury, R.D. Schnabel, D.W. Shike, T.S. Sonstegard, M.L. Spangler, J.R. Tait, R.L. Weaber. 2011. US consortium for the genetic improvement of feed efficiency in beef cattle. International WorkshopBovine Genetics Contributions to the Future of Livestock. INRA (France). Oct. 2011. Michigan State University Venegas, C, R. Mosci, L. Ouellete, A. Khare, P. Singh, S.R. Rust, P. Bartlett, D. Grooms, and S. Manning. 2011. . Prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) genes by multiplex PCR in cattle and their environment, Michigan 2011. [Abstract] CRWAD. Cross, L. D., Rust, Steven R., Powers, Wendy J. 2011. Effects of distillers grain with soluble and supplemental copper and molybdenum on ammonia emissions and nitrogen retention. J. Anim. Sci. 90(Suppl. 3):Abstract 121. University of Minnesota Fink, R.C., J.M. Popowski, J.P. Jaderborg, D.M. Paulus, K.M. McClelland, J.L. Dahlberg, G.I. Crawford, A. DiCostanzo, R.B. Cox, and F. Diez-Gonzalez. 2011. The prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle fed distillers grains and harvested through a commercial abattoir in Minnesota. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 2):147 (Abstract 305). Jaderborg, J., G. Crawford, and A. DiCostanzo. 2011. Access time to hay feeder by gestating beef cows affects dry matter intake and hay waste. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E- Suppl. 2):151 (Abstract 318). Ruiz-Moreno, M., E. Seitz, G. Crawford, A. DiCostanzo, and M.D. Stern. 2011. In vitro effect of starch and sulfur on rumen gas production and hydrogen sulfide release. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 2):150 (Abstract 312). Kelzer, J.M., J.M. Popowski, S. Bird, R. Cox, G.I. Crawford, and A. DiCostanzo. 2011. Effects of including low fat dried distillers grains in finishing diets on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 2):78 (Abstract 104). McClelland, K.M., J. P. Jaderborg, D. M. Paulus, J. M. Popowski, G. I. Crawford, A. DiCostanzo, and R. B. Cox. 2011. Effect of Modified Distillers Grains with Solubles and Crude Glycerin Inclusion in Beef Cattle Finishing Diets on Shear Force and Moisture Loss of Beef Strip Steaks. AMSA 64th Reciprocal Meats Conference Manhattan, KS. June 20-22, 2011. Abstract no. 47822. McClelland, K.M., J. P. Jaderborg, D. M. Paulus, J. M. Popowski, G. I. Crawford, A. DiCostanzo, and R. B. Cox. 2011. Effect of Modified Distillers Grains with Solubles and Crude Glycerin Inclusion in Beef Cattle Finishing Diets on Shelf Life and Sensory Characteristics of Beef Strip Steaks and Ground Beef. AMSA 64th Reciprocal Meats Conference Manhattan, KS. June 20-22, 2011. Abstract no. 47824 Paulus, D.M., J.P. Jaderborg, C. Belknap, G.I. Crawford, and A. DiCostanzo. 2011. Effects of inclusion of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product in feedlot diets with two different sulfur concentrations. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 2):75 (Abstract 96). Popowski, J.M., R.C. Fink, J.P. Jaderborg, D.M. Paulus, K.M. McClelland, J.L. Dahlberg, G.I. Crawford, A. DiCostanzo, R.B. Cox, and F. Diez-Gonzalez. 2011. Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle fed distillers grains Minnesota feedlots. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 2):147 (Abstract 304). Popowski, J.M., J. M. Kelzer, G.I. Crawford, A. DiCostanzo, R. B. Cox. 2011. Effect of High Protein Dried Distillers Grains Used in Beef Finishing Diets on Carcass Characteristics, Shear Force, and Moisture Loss of Beef. AMSA 64th Reciprocal Meats Conference Manhattan, KS. June 20-22, 2011. Abstract no. 47846 Popowski J.M., J. M. Kelzer, G.I. Crawford, A. DiCostanzo, R. B. Cox. 2011. Effect of High Protein Dried Distillers Grains Used in Beef Finishing Diets on Fatty Acid Profile, and Retail Shelf Life in Fresh and Further Processed Products. AMSA 64th Reciprocal Meats Conference Manhattan, KS. June 20-22, 2011. Abstract no. 47842 Popowski, J.M., J.M. Kelzer, G.I. Crawford, A. DiCostanzo, and R.B. Cox. 2011. Effect of low fat dried distillers grains on consumer sensory characteristics on Longissimus strip steaks and cooked sausage. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 2):93 (Abstract 149). Purdue University Gunn, P. J., J. P. Schoonmaker, R. P. Lemenager, and G. A. Bridges. 2011. Feeding distillers grains as an energy source to gestating and lactating heifers: Impact on calving and pre-weaning progeny performance. J. Anim Sci 89(E-Suppl 1):627. Gunn, P. J., J. P. Schoonmaker, R. P. Lemenager, and G. A. Bridges. 2011. Feeding distillers grains as an energy source to gestating and lactating heifers: Impact on milk production, composition, and fatty acid profile. J. Anim Sci 89(E-Suppl 1):627. Gunn, P.J., J. P. Schoonmaker, R. P. Lemenager, and G. A. Bridges. 2011. Feeding distillers grains as an energy source to gestating and lactating heifers: Impact on ovarian function and reproductive efficiency. J. Anim Sci 89(E-Suppl 1):729. Schoonmaker, J. P., M. C. Claeys, and R. P. Lemenager. 2012. Effect of increasing distillers grains inclusion on performance and carcass characteristics of early- weaned steers. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Supplement 2):124. Condron, K.N., R. P. Lemenager, M. C. Claeys, and J. P. Schoonmaker. 2012. Effect of ²-carotene supplementation on plasma vitamin A, growth, performance, and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Supplement 2):80. Shee, C.N., R. P. Lemenager, M. C. Claeys, and J. P. Schoonmaker*. 2012. Effect of feeding distillers dried grains with solubles during lactation on cow performance, milk composition and pre-weaning progeny performance. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Supplement 2):42. South Dakota State University Holland, B.P., E.R. Loe, and R.H. Pritchard. 2011. Cattle performance comparison in three feedlot facility designs in South Dakota. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 1):501 Pritchard, R.H. 2011. Cow size and keeping perspective. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 1):161 Winterholler, S.J., N.L. Hojer, R.H. Pritchard, and K. VanderWal. 2011. The influence of glycerol supplementation during late gestation on beef cow performance and dietary digestibility. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 1):360 Utah State University Min, B. J., B. R. Min, J. M. Sieg, J.-S. Eun, D. R. ZoBell, and D. C. Tice. 2011. Effects of tannin extracts on in vitro growth of selected food-borne pathogenic bacteria. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 1):136. (Abstr.) Eun, J.-S., B. R. Min, J. M. Sieg, D. R. ZoBell, and A. J. Young. 2011. Tannin extracts decrease in vitro growth of ruminal acidosis-causing bacteria in pure culture. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 1):136. (Abstr.) Vera, J. M.a, C. T. Noviandi, A.-H. Smith, D. R. ZoBell, and J.-S. Eun. 2011. Effects of supplementing an exogenous proteolytic enzyme on growth performance in finishing beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 1):612. (Abstr.) Vera, J. M., T. Astuti, A.-H. Smith, D. R. ZoBell, and J.-S. Eun. 2011. Effects of supplementing an exogenous proteolytic enzyme in beef finishing diets on ruminal fermentation in continuous cultures. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 1):612. (Abstr.) Noviandi, C. T., R. E. Ward, J.-S. Eun, D. R. ZoBell, R. D. Stott, T. Astuti, B. L. Waldron, and M. D. Peel. 2011. Fatty acid profiles in adipose tissue of grazing and feedlot beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 1):617. (Abstr.) University of Wisconsin Burgett, R.L., D. M. Schaefer, and A. E. Radunz. 2011. Effects of forage type and inclusion level of dried distillers grains plus solubles on feedlot cattle performance and carcass characteristics. Midwest ASAS-ADSA Meetings Schaefer, M.R., A. E. Radunz, and D. M. Schaefer. 2011. Economic and feedlot responses to the addition of current technologies in yearling cattle. Midwest ASAS-ADSA Meetings Experiment Station Publications: Iowa State University IBC 46. Drewnoski, M.E., S.L. Hansen, D.D. Loy. 2011. How much distillers can I include in my feedlot diet? A Factsheet about managing risk of sulfur toxicity when feeding high levels of distillers grains in feedlot cattle diets. AS Leaflet-R2683 The Feeding Value of Heat Damaged Soybeans in Cattle Diets (Authors: Garland Dahlke, Mary Drewnoski) AS Leaflet-R2688 Revalidation of a REA, IMF and BF Projection Model Using Real-time Ultrasound Imaging and Feeding Data in Cattle (Authors: Garland Dahlke) AS Leaflet-R2689 Effect of Vitamin C on Performance and Antioxidant Capacity of Cattle Fed Varying Concentrations of Dietary Sulfur (Authors: Danielle Pogge, Stephanie Hansen) AS Leaflet-R2693 Investigation of the Impact of Mineral Status and Use of an Injectable Mineral on Beef Cattle Performance (Authors: Olivia Genther, Stephanie Hansen) AS Leaflet-R2694 Effect of Delaying the Feeding of High Sulfur Until After Adaptation to a Finishing Diet (Authors: Mary Drewnoski, Stephanie Hansen) AS Leaflet-R2695 Determining the Influence of Dietary Roughage Concentration and Source on Rumen Parameters related to Sulfur Toxicity (Authors: Sara Morine, Mary Drewnoski, Stephanie Hansen) AS Leaflet-R2696 Effects of Dietary Sulfur Source on Rumen pH and Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Concentration (Authors: Carmen Brasche, Mary Drewnoski, Stephanie Hansen) AS Leaflet-R2697 Effects of Stocking Density on Steer Performance and Carcass Characteristics in Bedded Hoop Barns (Authors: Mark Honeyman, Dallas Maxwell, Darrell Busby, Shawn Shouse) University of Nebraska Dib, M. G., J. O. Sarturi, K. M. Rolfe, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and R. Lindquist. 2012. Feeding modified distillers grains with solubles and wet corn gluten feed (Synergy) to adapt cattle to finishing diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:94-95. Doerr, A. J., B. L. Nuttelman, W. A. Griffin, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, J. R. Benton, and M. J. Rincker. 2012. Effect on performance and nutrient mass balance of feeding micro-aid in wet distillers grains plus solubles diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:98-100. Harding, J. L., J. E. Cornelius, K. M. Rolfe, A. L. Shreck, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2012. Effect of storage method on nutrient composition and dry matter loss of wet distillers grains. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:58-60. Harding, J. L., K. M. Rolfe, C. J. Schneider, B. L. Nuttelman, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2012. Spoilage of wet distillers grains plus solubles and feed value. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:61-63. Hussey, E. M., G. E. Erickson, R. E. Peterson, L. O. Burciaga-Robles. 2012. Effects of barley diets with distillers grains plus solubles on feedlot performance and N and P balance. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:101-103. Hussey, E. M., G. E. Erickson, B. L. Nuttelman, W. A. Griffin, T. J. Klopfenstein, and K. J. Vander Pol. 2012. Impact of sorting prior to feeding zilpaterol hydrochloride on feedlot steers. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:115-118. Nichols, C. A., K. H. Jenkins, G. E. Erickson, M. K. Luebbe, S. A. Furman, B. L. Sorensen, K. J. Hanford, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2012. Wet distillers grains and ratios of steam-flaked and dry-rolled corn. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:70-72. Nichols, C. A., M. K. Luebbe, K. H. Jenkins, G. E. Erickson, S. A. Furman, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2012. Effect of corn processing on feedlot steers fed sugarbeet pulp. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:73-74. Nichols, C. A., V. R. Bremer, A. K. Watson, C. D. Buckner, J. L. Harding, D. R. Smith, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2012. Meta-analysis of the effect of dietary sulfur on feedlot health. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:82-84. Pesta, A. C., B. L. Nuttelman, W. A. Griffin, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2012. Increasing levels of condensed distillers solubles and finishing performance. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:64-65. Pesta, A. C., B. L. Nuttelman, W. A. Griffin, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2012. Feeding condensed distillers solubles in finishing diets containing WDGS or synergy. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:66-67. Pesta, A. C., A. L. Shreck, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2012. Metabolism of finishing diets containing condensed distillers solubles and WDGS. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:68-69. Pesta, A. C., S. A. Furman, M. K. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, and K. H. Jenkins. 2012. Feeding field peas in finishing diets containing wet distillers grains plus solubles. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:77-78. Rolfe, K. M., W. A. Griffin, T. J. Klopfenstein, D. R. Mark, G. E. Erickson, and D. E. Bauer. 2012. Grazing supplementation and subsequent feedlot sorting of yearling cattle. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:112-114. Sarturi, J. O., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, K. M. Rolfe, C. D. Buckner, and M. K. Luebbe. 2012. Ruminal degradable sulfur and hydrogen sulfide in cattle finishing diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:79-81. Schneider, C. J., B. L. Nuttelman, K. M. Rolfe, W. A. Griffin, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2012. Complete-feed diet RAMP in grain adaptation programs. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:85-86. Schneider, C. J., B. L. Nuttelman, K. M. Rolfe, W. A. Griffin, D. R. Smith, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2012. Use of complete-feed diets RAMP and test starter for receiving cattle. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:87-88. Schneider, C. J., A. L. Shreck, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2012. Effects of RAMP on feed intake and ruminal pH during adaptation to finishing diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:89-90. Schneider, C. J., M. K. Luebbe, K. H. Jenkins, S. A. Furman, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2012. Using beef pulp to adapt cattle to finishing diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:96-97. Shreck, A. L., B. L. Nuttelman, W. A. Griffin, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and M. J. Cecava. 2012. Chemical treatment of low-quality forages to replace corn in cattle finishing diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:106-107. Shreck, A. L., B. L. Nuttelman, W. A. Griffin, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and M. J. Cecava. 2012. Reducing particle size enhances chemical treatment in finishing diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:108-109. Varnold, K. A., C. R. Calkins, A. L. Haack, J. E. Hergenreder, S. Pokharel, L. S. Senaratne, A. C. Pesta, and G. E. Erickson. 2012. Condensed distillers solubles and beef shelf life. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:119-121. Watson, A. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, R. K. Koelsch, R. E. Massey, and J. H. Harrison. 2012. Feedlot manure utilization as influenced by application scheme and diet. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:104-105. Section D. Extension/Outreach Activities Publications including Trade Publications and Newsletters: University of Illinois Felix, Tara and Steve Loerch. Reducing sulfide toxicosis key. Feedstuffs. June 20, 2011. Iowa State University Loy, Dan. 2011. Dietary sulfur recommendations are changing. January 2011 Iowa Cattleman and Iowa Beef Center Growing Beef Newsletter. Loy, Dan. 2011. Why beef research? February 2011 Iowa Cattleman and Iowa Beef Center Growing Beef Newsletter Loy, Dan. 2011. People, cattle, land and water. March 2011 Iowa Cattleman and Iowa Beef Center Growing Beef Newsletter Loy, Dan and Mary Drewnoski. 2011. Grass tetanyan ounce of prevention. April Iowa Beef Center Growing Beef Newsletter. Loy, Dan. 2011. Optimism in May. May 2011 Iowa Cattleman and Iowa Beef Center Growing Beef Newsletter Loy, Dan. 2011. Is it time to reconsider corn silage? June 2011 Iowa Beef Center Growing Beef Loy, Dan. 2011. Measuring and managing costs. August 2011 Iowa Cattleman and Iowa Beef Center Growing Beef Newsletter Loy, Dan. 2011. Fall is time for change. September 2011 Iowa Cattleman and Iowa Beef Center Growing Beef Newsletter Loy, Dan. 2011. From one extreme to another. October 2011 Iowa Cattleman and Iowa Beef Center Growing Beef Newsletter Loy, Dan. 2011. Managing Feed Costs. Iowa Cattleman. October 2011. Loy, Dan 2011. Making the most of weaning. October 2011 Iowa Beef Center Growing Beef Newsletter. Loy, Dan. 2011. Should Iowa cattlemen feed the world? November 2011 Iowa Cattleman and Iowa Beef Center Growing Beef Newsletter Loy Dan. 2011. Time for learning. December 2011 Iowa Cattleman and Iowa Beef Center Growing Beef Newsletter. Michigan State University Rust, S. R. 2011. Feeding beta-agonists to beef cattle and their impact on profitability. The Michigan Cattleman 26(4), 1st Quarter/Winter, 16-17. Rust, S. R., D. Grooms, and J.R. Black. 2011. What can I do to improve my net returns with high corn prices?. The Michigan Cattleman 26(3), 4th Quarter/Autumn, 16-17. Rust, S. R. 2011. What can I afford to pay for feeder cattle during 2011-2012?. Cattle Trader Center, December 6. www.cattletradercenter.com/news/industry-headlines/What can I afford to pay for feeder cattle during 2011-2012? Black, J. R. and S.R. Rust. 2011. "Guidelines for Pricing Corn Silage and Earlage from Immature Corn." 4th Quarter/Autumn. beefteam.msu.edu. Gould, K and S.R. Rust. 2011. "Ration formulation with distiller grains with solubles." August 4. beefteam@msu.edu. Rust, S R., and J.R Black. 2011. "What can I afford to pay for feeder cattle during 2011-2012?." Merck Animal Health, August 4. www.beefteam.msu.edu. Rust, S R., and J.H. Hilker. 2011. "Why are Michigan farms getting bigger?." August 4, 2011. University of Minnesota Look at various factors when considering feedlot facility expansion. Minnesota Farm Guide. November 2011. Grazing cornstalk residue after harvest an option for cows and calves. Rock County Ag Newsletter. October 2011. Nutrition and management for newly received cattle. Minnesota Farm Guide. September 2011. Co-authored with Alfredo DiCostanzo. Management and awareness of feed shrink as important as ever when feeding cattle. Rock County Ag Newsletter. September 2011. Consider harvesting corn earlage for cattle feed this fall. Minnesota Farm Guide. August 2011. Consider harvesting earlage for cattle feed this fall. Rock County Ag Newsletter. August 2011. Stretch cattle feeding dollar to compensate for high feed prices. Tri-State Neighbor. August 2011. Incorporating alternative feedstuffs into beef feedlot rations. Minnesota Farm Guide. July 2011. The next generation of distillers grains. Progressive Cattlemen Magazine. May 2011. Co-authored with Mark Corrigan. New developments in the management of sulfur in beef cattle feedlot diets. Minnesota Farm Guide. April 2011. The Ohio State University OSU Beef Team Newsletter (weekly) University of Wisconsin Radunz, A. E. 2011. Feedlot Cost of Gain Assessment. UW Extension Cattle Feeder Clinic Proceedings. http://fyi.uwex.edu/wbic/resources/feedlot/ Halfman, B., and A. E. Radunz. 2011. Considerations for Implant Strategies. UW Extension Cattle Feeder Clinic Proceedings. http://fyi.uwex.edu/wbic/resources/feedlot/ Website: Wisconsin Beef Information Center (http://fyi.uwex.edu/wbic/) articles: " A. Radunz and B. Halfman. 2011 Fall Feedlot Projections 10.3.11 " A. Radunz. 5 Tips to Reduce Heat Stress in Cattle. 7.21.11 " A. Radunz. Use of Beta Agonists in Beef Cattle. 3.4.11 Courses or Conferences Organized: University of Illinois Adding value to southern Illinois beef and improving marketing options, April 2011 Benton, IL Dudley Smith Summer Field Day, June 2011 - Pana, IL Orr Beef Research Center Field Day, August 2011 - Perry, IL Beef Day at DSAC, August 2011 - Simpson, IL Dudley Smith Fall Field Day, November 2011 - Pana, IL Heart of America Grazing Conference, January 2012 - Mt. Vernon, IL Fulton Co. Beef Day, January 2012 - Lewistown, IL Northern IL Cow-Calf Conference, February 2012 - Kewanee, IL Central IL Cow-Calf Conference, February 2012 - Springfield, IL IL Cattle Feeders Meeting, March 2012 - Dixon, IL Cattle breeding and synchronization workshop, March 2012 - Simpson, IL Iowa State University Heifer Development Clinics, Winter/Spring 2012 Michigan State University Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse University of Nebraska Nebraska Feedlot Roundtable, February 8-10 Feedlot School, June 29, August 15, August 18 Husker Nutrition Conference, October 28 The Ohio State University OSU Beef Team Feedlot cattle short course (Jan and Feb, 2012). Purdue University Purdue Workshop for Youth, Beef section, June 2011. Utah State University Utah Beef Cattle Field Day, January, 2012 University of Wisconsin Wisconsin Cattle Feeder Clinics, January 2012 held in 10 locations throughout Wisconsin. Steer to Steak Workshop. Feb. 2012 held at UW- Madison campus.

Impact Statements

Improvements in utilization of alternative feedstuffs were achieved through various additives and alterations to dietary fiber level, type, and digestibility. As a result environmental, animal health, and food safety concerns were diminished and efficiency and profitability of feedlot operations were increased.
Improvements in beef quality (marbling, leanness, tenderness) were achieved through pre-harvest gene testing, vitamin alterations, and beta agonist addition resulting in enhanced feedlot profitability.

Date of Annual Report: 09/09/2013

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 05/21/2013 - 05/23/2013
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2012 - 09/01/2013

Participants

Members present:
Alfredo DiCostanzo (Chairperson and host). Univ. of MN
Steve Loerch (Secretary, Chair elect) The Ohio State Univ.
Mike Brown. West Texas A&M Univ.
Tara Felix. Univ of Illinois
Kristin Hales. USDA MARC
Dan Loy. Iowa State Univ.
Matt Luebbe. Univ. of Nebraska
Steve Rust. Michigan state Univ.
Dan Schaefer. Univ. of Wisconsin
Jon Schoonmaker. Purdue University
Kendall Swanson. North Dakota State Univ.
John Lawrence (Administrative Advisor) Iowa State Univ.
Guests:
Amy Radunz (WI), Adam Birr (MN Corn Growers), Mitch Coulter (MN Corn Growers), Grant Crawford (Form-A-Feed), Jeff Kafka (Elanco), Joe Martin (MN Cattlemens), Fred Owens (Pioneer), Jackie Popowski (American Foods Group), Karin Schaefer (MN Beef Council), Denny Timmerman (AURI), Francis Fluharty (OH), Marcio Ladeira (Brazil), 5 MN graduate students, Allen Bridges (MN), Ryan Cox (MN).

Brief Summary of Minutes

Meeting Minutes

The 2013 meeting of the NCCC-208 Committee was hosted by University of Minnesota from May 21 to May 23, 2013. Prior to the meeting an agenda was circulated and travel arrangements made by attending members.

On the afternoon of May 21st, Alfredo DiCostanzo met Steve Loerch, Mike Brown and Tara Felix at the airport. This group was united with the remaining participants who traveled to the Rosemount Research and Outreach Center of the University of Minnesota for an evening meal, introduction, and pre-meeting discussion.

On the morning of May 22rd, the group met at the conference room of the Center, and were welcomed by Greg Cuomo, Division Head, College of Food Agriculture and Natural Resource Sciences. John Lawrence, administrative advisor, shared the importance of outcome and impact reporting with the committee.

The 2014 meeting was set to be held May 20 to 22 at the Ohio State University with Steve Loerch as host and secretary. A suggested site for the 2015 meeting is Utah State University.

Station reports were then held until lunch. After lunch, reports resumed until the group toured the feedlot at the Rosemount Research and Outreach Center with a focus on facilities and application of industrial pH probe devices to measure ruminal pH. The group was joined by executives from the Minnesota Corn Growers Association, Minnesota State Cattlemens Association, and the Agricultural Utilization Research Institute. A meeting, moderated by Grant I. Crawford of Form-A-Feed, Inc., and University of Minnesota Adjunct Professor, was conducted to address issues of research direction and collaboration for the purpose of providing solutions to cattle feedlot operators in the Upper Midwest. Issues addressed by participants centered on effective and relevant research results which require additional efforts to disseminate by both researchers and funding agencies. Suggestions were made for committee members to collaborate and encouraged by the Minnesota Corn Growers Association to present multi-state research proposals that would leverage resources across universities and commodity funding streams.

The meeting resumed at 8:00 AM on May 23th with station reports and adjourned at 11:30 AM.

Accomplishments

SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES General: Enhanced cooperation and collaboration between Experiment Station members of NCCC206 both within and across Stations was achieved. This was particularly beneficial to stimulate collaborations among the newer committee members. In 2013, 12 committee members attended the annual meeting. In addition, 19 guests participated in meeting activities. These guests represented graduate students, faculty members, commodity organizations, feed industry, pharmaceutical industry, and packer industry. This attendance makes a substantial contribution to project objectives regarding stimulation of scientific discovery and sharing of results with stakeholders. Collaborative summarization and interpretation of reports of progress was performed by NCCC206 members. This occurred via email communications and at 2 committee meetings during each year. Progress was made in regards to standardization of research protocols to evaluate alternative feeds, feedlot nutrient balance, pre-harvest food safety management interventions and disease preventative measures in the pre-feedlot and receiving periods. Dr. Pritchard presented the research template for members to follow; thus, maximizing ability to develop the information with the greatest impact for society. Studies resulting from these collaborations were be pooled across participating experiment stations and years to generate robust datasets for meta-analyses designed to provide conclusive implications and further research direction. Feeding standards were developed for current and new generation alternative feeds derived from processing of oilseeds and grains into biofuels as components of growing and finishing cattle diets. Expected outcomes identified in the NCCC 208 proposal have been achieved. Objective 1. Enhance the utilization of C from energy feeds to compete in an energy economy and improve national food security. Committee members have concentrated their research focus on studying response by feedlot cattle to increasing concentrations of distillers grains, condensed distillers solubles or glycerin as substitutes for grain in high-energy diets. Ancillary impacts of feeding distillers grains such as increased concentrations of sulfur or whether antibiotic residues result from feeding distillers grains were also evaluated. Members from 9 states contributed to this objective (IL, IO, MN, NE, ND, OH, OK, and TX). Cost:benefit analysis and experimentation have determined performance and economic optimum inclusion rates for byproducts from the biofuels industry in cattle feedlot diets. Challenges of sulfur toxicity in distillers grains-based diets have been determined and mitigation strategies have been discovered and reported. Energy values and contributions to cattle nutrient requirements have been assessed. Objective 2. To enhance the environmental sustainability of the feedlot industry through conservation and nutrient management. A significant effort was made under this objective by committee members to evaluate impacts of utilization of co-products on nutrient balance and green house gas emissions. In addition, efforts to determine impact of steroid-base growth-promoting agents on feedlot effluent concentrations of these hormones were initiated by one of the participants. Similarly, research is under way to determine effects of facilities design on capacity to retain nutrients from manure. Residual effects of feeding distillers grains on manure characteristics in a methane fermentation system were determined. Manure from cattle fed distillers grains used in anaerobic digesters improved methane production and DM degradation of manure compared to manure from cattle fed no distillers grains. Effects of ²-adrenergic agonists to increase protein accretion, improve growth performance, and decrease adipose tissue deposition in cattle and consequences for nutrient capture by the animal were determined. Members from IN, MI, MN, NE, and WI contributed to this objective. Objective 3. To enhance the production efficiency and quality of feedlot cattle through management strategies and technologies. Renewed interest in alkali treatment of forages to enhance their value is a new focus of the group. Also, evaluation of slatted floor housing on cattle health and wellbeing is currently being conducted in support of great interest in the country to build confinement facilities. In addition, utilization of antibiotic treatments on cattle health to reduce morbidity and mortality in the feedlot continue. Strategies to increase nutrient digestibility and mitigate ruminal acidosis were identified. These strategies also reduce rumen wall leisions and liver abscesses. Approaches to reduce Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) in newly arrived cattle have been determined. Welfare and quality assurance tools were developed for use in commercial feedlots to facilitate auditing. Antibiotic efficacy and application strategies were determined for stressed feeder calves. Nutrient requirements and nutritional/supplementation strategies to improve health and performance were also completed. Dehorning techniques, lameness assessment tools, and multiple management approaches to enhance animal health and wellbeing were identified. Members from IL, IN, KS, MI, MN, NE, ND, OH, OK, SD, and WI contributed towards this objective. OUTPUTS Committee members from 11 states and USDA MARC make 109 presentations to stakeholders in state, regional, or national meetings. The presentations included webinars, cattle producer meetings, and scientific meetings across the US. Findings associated with NCCC208 Objectives were presented. In 2012, members of the committee published 42 refereed journal articles, 22 papers in proceedings, 46 experiment station publications, and 103 abstracts on project objectives. In addition, committee members published 74 articles in trade publications and newsletters. Thes outputs are communicated to academia, beef producers, feed industries, pharmaceutical industries, and consulting nutritionists and veterinarians. ACTIVITIES Objective 1: Enhance the utilization of C from energy feeds to compete in an energy economy and improve national food security. NCCC-308 members from Purdue University, University of Illinois, and Ohio State University wrote a collaborative proposal and submitted it to USDA-AFRI for funding in January, 2013. The project title is: Novel systems for efficient, sustainable beef production in a high priced grain economy. University of Illinois activities under Objective 1 focused in 4 areas in 2012: Effect of increasing levels of fat from solubles on feedlot cattle; Effects of level of urea inclusion on performance of growing cattle fed a corn silage based diet; Effects of increasing dietary glycerin on growth and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers; and Impact of grazing corn crop residue with mature cows on cattle performance, soil characteristics, and grazing behavior. Iowa State University Continued towards goal of safely increasing distillers grains inclusion in beef cattle diets; works suggests that increasing roughage inclusion in the diet of cattle fed high sulfur diets will minimize risk of decreased performance or toxicity. Michigan State University studied use of AFEX (ammonization under low pressure and temperature) on nutritional value of corn stover. University of Minnesota conducted research to determine energy value of reduced-fat distillers grains in dairyXbeef steers. North Dakota State University investigated influence of supplementation with dried corn distillers grains plus solubles on performance and feeding behavior in backgrounding steers. They also studied the influence or dry roll processing and dried corn distillers grains plus solubles on performance, feeding and ruminating behavior, and carcass traits in finishing steers. Oklahoma State University determined the effects of titrating corn-based dried distillers grains plus solubles with sorghum-based wet distillers grains plus solubles on yearling heifers on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. They also determine optimum blends of byproduct feeds in finishing rations on performance, carcass, and fecal characteristics of yearling heifers. West Texas A&M University conducted 2 experiments under Objective 1. In Exp. 1, crossbred steers (55 pens) were fed iso-fat, iso-N diets in which the N in 10 or 20% condensed distillers solubles was replaced by urea N or cottonseed meal N. Results indicated that the N in condensed distillers solubles is a more effective replacement of urea N than cottonseed meal N. Replacing cottonseed meal N reduced ADG and carcass weight, and produced leaner carcasses, whereas carcass quality was slightly improved when more condensed distillers solubles was fed. In Exp. 2, crossbred steers (36 pens) were fed iso-fat, iso-N diets, which included a control diet or diets that contained 15% wet distillers grains with soluble plus an additional 0, 7.5 or 15% condensed distillers solubles. Based on cattle performance, the NEg of wet distillers grains and condensed distillers solubles fed were 100 and 85%, respectively, of the NEg of steam-flaked corn. Wet distillers grains were effective replacement for steam-flaked corn in finishing rations at 15% of DM and including condensed distillers solubles up to an additional 15% of DM in equal fat diets did not have a negative impact on performance or carcass characteristics. Objective 2: To enhance the environmental sustainability of the feedlot industry through conservation and nutrient management. University of Illinois conducted research to determine effects of diet on methane production and plasma metabolites. Purdue University conducted research to determine effect of CaO inclusion in 60% DDGS diets on nitrogen balance and apparent digestibility. Michigan State University performed experiments to determine the effects of feeding distillers grain with soluble to cattle in a high concentrate ration on air emissions. University of Minnesota determined yearly yield and nutrient value from manure produced by cattle housed in confinement (manure pack or slatted floors over pits) and outdoor lots. Objective 3: To enhance the production efficiency and quality of feedlot cattle through management strategies and technologies. This objective represented a major source of activity for committee members. NCCC-308 members from University of Illinois and Ohio State University wrote a collaborative proposal and submitted it to USDA-AFRI for funding in January, 2013. The project title is: Effects of chromium supplementation during gestation on insulin function, glucose metabolism, growth, development, and reproductive function of progeny. The University of Illinois conducted 6 experiments: Effects of CaO treatment to dry and wet distillers grains plus solubles on feedlot performance of growing steers; Effects of calcium oxide treatment of corn stover and wet distillers grains on digestibility and rumen metabolism of growing steers; Effects of gestational and postnatal nutrition on subsequent performance of progeny; Use of alternate forages for alleviating tall fescue toxicosis in growing beef cattle; Effects of calcium oxide treatment of corn stover and wet distillers grains on rumen metabolism of growing steers; and Effects of calcium oxide treatment of dry and wet distillers grains plus solubles on digestibility, rumen pH, VFA concentration, and in-situ fiber disappearance of growing steers. Purdue University had 8 activities under this objective: Effect of ²-carotene supplementation on plasma vitamin A, growth, performance, carcass characteristics, and expression of genes involved in vitamin A metabolism in feedlot cattle; Effect of dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) on beef tenderness; Effect of feeding distillers dried grains with solubles during lactation on cow performance, milk composition and pre-weaning progeny performance; Effect of increasing distillers grains inclusion on performance and carcass characteristics of early-weaned steers; Effect of CaO inclusion in 60% DDGS diets on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle; Effect of Ca(OH)2 or additional corn silage on performance of feedlot cattle fed 60% DDGS; Effect of Ca(OH)2 and corn stover inclusion in 60% DDGS containing no corn on performance of feedlot cattle; and Effect of supranutritional vitamin D during gestation and/or lactation on cow performance, and feedlot performance of male progeny. Michigan State University developed strategies to minimize the fecal shedding of pathogens and investigated novel feeding systems for Holstein steers. North Dakota State University scientists worked in 6 activity areas: Evaluation of pea forage in growing and finishing feedlot rations; Evaluation of an enzyme supplement to enhance forage digestibility and improve performance of growing calves; Influence of corn and barley inclusion in finishing diets containing distillers grains; Finishing beef cattle on totally-mixed and self-fed rations; Influence of nutrient restriction and melatonin supplementation on maternal and fetal pancreatic function in sheep; and Influence of nutrient restriction and melatonin supplementation on maternal and fetal liver and small intestinal oxygen consumption in sheep. Oklahoma State University conducted research to determine effect of energy density in high byproduct diets on health and performance of receiving calves. South Dakota State University conducted research to evaluate using calcium depletion-repletion in conjunction with feeding zilpaterol to attenuate the increase in sheer force that is caused by the beta-agonist. They also replicated a chromium supplementation study in calf-feds. Activities also included measure of gene expression related to growth of muscle and adipose tissues of the longissimus muscle in steers developed by divergent growth curves. MILESTONES Important milestones on project objectives occurred. The following notable examples are presented. The University of Illinois is focused on strategies to increase inclusion of corn co-products in feedlot cattle diets and reduce costs of production. An intermediate step towards this goal relates to our work in the area of improving digestibility of these feedstuffs through the use of dietary additives and pretreatment processes. This has led to an ongoing collaboration among Ohio State, Purdue, and Illinois to pursue these objectives. Furthermore, we have established our greenhouse gas collection hoods and have begun quantifying enteric methane production from cattle. We will continue to research ways to reduce methane production to improve the efficiency and environmental sustainability of beef cattle production. Purdue University completed a project on addition of alkalizing agents directly to a total mixed ration containing 60% DDGS improves performance of feedlot cattle. This has led to further collaboration among Ohio State, Purdue, and Illinois to pursue these objectives. Michigan State University completed specific experiments and determined feeding 40% DDGS increases nitrogen and sulfur emissions. They also demonstrated that sulfur and nitrogen emissions are drastically reduced by separation of urine and feces. A recently completed experiment suggests feeding molybdenum may reduce methane emissions. A food borne pathogen project revealed that population of STEC producing microorganisms vary within a herd of cattle and the ability of rumen fluid to inhibit growth of SREC producing organisms can vary as high as 4-fold within a herd. University of Minnesota completed a series of experiments that revealed as inclusion of distillers grains in feedlot diets moderates because of corn grain:distillers grains price relationship, we have demonstrated a need to increase DIP content in diets using urea. Further efforts with slow-release urea products will aid in determining whether there is a place for these products in low-inclusion distillers grains diets. Progress was made in another focus area: concentrations of antibiotics in distillers grains are low, and for many types of livestock and poultry destined for harvest, concentrations of antibiotics are well within feed antibiotic recommendations. Further, residues remaining in distillers grains were mostly inactivated. At North Dakota State University a project was completed to optimize use of distillers grains in growing and finishing diets. Data suggests that animals alter their feeding behavior in response to distillers grains inclusion and other dietary factors. Understanding the factors influencing feeding behavior could result in improvements in utilization of distillers grains and other feed resources. West Texas A&M University completed experiments on distillers solubles. This collection of data gives insight into the protein and energy values of condensed distillers solubles to equip nutrition professionals with data necessary to derive a fair economic value of condensed distillers solubles and associated impacts on cattle performance. University of Wisconsin determined that hormones are rapidly degraded in surface water runoff, which suggests minimal impact on aquatic organisms. An animal wellbeing project determined that rubber slat flooring surface reduces lying bout duration.

Publications

2012 Refereed Journal Articles and Book Chapters: Purdue University Drewnoski, M.E., S. M. Ensley, D. C. Beitz, J. P. Schoonmaker, D. D. Loy, P. M. Imerman, J. A. Rathje, and S. L. Hansen. 2012. Assessment of ruminal hydrogen sulfide or urine thiosulfate as diagnostic tools for sulfur induced polioencephalomalacia in cattle. J. Vet. Diag. Invest. 24(4):702-709. Schoonmaker, J. 2012. Nutrition of Ruminants. (Chapter 6). In: Animal Science and Industry, 8th Edition, Edit. M. Cunningham, M. A. Latour, and D. Acker., Pearson & Prentice Hall, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Schoonmaker, J.P., and D. C. Beitz. 2012. Hydrogen sulphide: synthesis, physiological roles and pathology associated with feeding cattle maize co-products of the ethanol industry. In Biofuel co-products as livestock feed: Opportunites and challentes. Pp. 101-113. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy. Iowa State University Drewnoski, M. E., E. L. Richter, and S. L. Hansen. 2012. Dietary roughage level, days on finishing diet, and dietary sulfur content affect rumen hydrogen sulfide concentrations of steers. Journal of Animal Sci. 90:4478-4486. Pastoor, J. W., D. D. Loy, A. Trenkle, and J. D. Lawrence. 2012. Comparing fed cattle performance in open lot and bedded confinement feedlot facilities. Professional Animal Scientist 28:410-416. Pogge, D.J., E. L. Richter, M. E. Drewnoski and S. L. Hansen. 2012. Mineral concentrations of plasma and liver following injection with a trace mineral complex differ among Angus and Simmental cattle. J. Animal. Sci. 90:2692-2698. Richter, E. L., M. E. Drewnoski, and S. L. Hansen. 2012. Effects of increased dietary sulfur on beef steer mineral status, performance, and meat fatty acid composition J. Animal. Sci. 90:3945-3953. Drewnoski, M.E., S.M. Ensley, D.C. Beitz, D.D. Loy, P.M. Imerman, J.A. Rathje, and S.L. Hansen. 2012. Assessment of ruminal hydrogen sulfide or urine thiosulfate as diagnostic tools for sulfur induced polioencephalomalacia in cattle. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 24(4):702-9. Jurgens, M., K. Bregendahl, J. Coverdale, and S. Hansen. 2012. Animal Feeding & Nutrition, 11th Ed. Kendall Hunt Publishers. Dubuque, IA. University of Minnesota Pacheco, R.D.L., D.D. Millen, N. DiLorenzo, C.L. Martins, C.T. Marino, M.V. Fossa, S.L. Beier, A. DiCostanzo, P.H.M. Rodrigues, and M.D.B. Arrigoni. 2012. Effects of feeding a multivalent polyclonal antibody preparation on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, rumenitis and blood gas profile in Bos indicus biotype yearling bulls. J. Anim. Sci. doi:10.2527/jas.2010-3521 Otero, W.G., C.T. Marino, C. Barreto, V.H. Pellizari, D.D. Millen, R.D.L. Pacheco, F.L. Ferreira, A. DiCostanzo, M.D.B. Arrigoni, and P.H.M. Rodrigues. 2012. Rumen microbial diversity under influence of a polyclonal antibody preparation against lactate-producing and proteolytic bacteria in cows fed different energy sources. Rev. Bras. Saúde Prod. Anim. 13:491-502. Rodgers, J. C., S. L. Bird, J. E. Larson, N. DiLorenzo, C. R. Dahlen, A. DiCostanzo, and G.C. Lamb. 2012. An economic evaluation of estrous synchronization and timed artificial insemination in suckled beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 90:4055-4062. University of Nebraska Erickson, G. E., Klopfenstein, T. J., and A. K.. Watson. 2012. Utilization of feed byproducts from the wet and dry milling industry for beef cattle. Pp 77-99. In FAO. Biofuel co-products as livestock feed - Opportunities and challenges, edited by Harinder P.S. Makkar. Rome. Italy. Harrison, J., R. White, V. Ishler, G. Erickson, A. Sutton, T. Applegate, B. Richert, T. Nennich, R. Koelsch, R. Burns, D. Meyer, R. Massey, and G. Carpenter. 2012. Implementation of feed management as part of whole farm nutrient management. Prof. Anim. Scient. 28:364-369. Luebbe, M. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and M. A. Greenquist. 2012. Nutrient mass balance and performance of feedlot cattle fed corn wet distillers grains plus solubles. J. Anim. Sci. 90:296-306. Mello, Jr., A. S., C. R. Calkins, B. E. Jenschke, T. P. Carr, M. E. R. Dugan, and G. E. Erickson. 2012. Beef quality of calf-fed steers finished on varying levels of corn-based wet distillers grains plus solubles. J. Anim. Sci. 90:4625-4633. Mello, Jr., A. S., B. E. Jenschke, L. S. Senaratne, T. P. Carr, G. E. Erickson and C. R. Calkins. 2012. Effects of feeding modified distillers grains plus solubles on marbling attributes, proximate composition, and fatty acid profile of beef. J. Anim. Sci. 90:4634-4640. Pesta, A. C., A. H. Titlow, J. A. Hansen, A. L. Berger, S. A. Furman, M. K. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, and K. H. Jenkins. 2012. Effects of feeding field peas in combination with distillers grains plus solubles in finishing and growing diets on cattle performance and carcass characteristics. Prof. Anim. Scient. 28:534-540. North Dakota State University Salim, H., K. M. Wood, M. K. Abo-Ismail, P. L. McEwen, I. B. Mandell, S. P. Miller, J. P. Cant, and K. C. Swanson. 2012. Influence of feeding increasing levels of dry corn distillers grains plus solubles in whole corn grain-based finishing diets on total tract digestion, nutrient balance, and excretion in beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 90:4441-4448. Doelman, J., H. Cao, N. G. Purdie, J. J. M. Kim, K. C. Swanson, V. R. Osborne, J. Tey, A. Ali, Z. Feng, N. A. Karrow, J. P. Cant. 2012. Transcript profiling of the ruminant liver indicates a unique program of transcriptional regulation of ketogenic enzymes during food restriction. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part D: Genom. Proteom. 7:303-310. Ohio State University Owens, L. B., D.J. Barker, S.C. Loerch, M.J. Shipitalo, J.V. Bonta, and R.M. Sulc. 2012. Nitrate leaching from pastures as impacted by continuous or frequent rotational grazing. J. Environ. Quality. 41:106-113. Relling, A. E., K. Lee, S. C. Loerch, and C. K. Reynolds. 2012. Effects of Glucose, Propionate and Splanchnic Hormones on Neuropeptide mRNA concentrations in the Ovine Hypothalamus. J. Anim. Physiol. and Anim. Nutr. 96:648-654. Felix, T. L. , W. P. Weiss, F. L. Fluharty, and S. C. Loerch. 2012. Effects of copper supplementation on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and rumen sulfur metabolism of growing cattle fed diets containing 60% dried distillers grains. J. Anim. Sci. 90:2710-2716. Pickworth, C. L., S. C. Loerch , and F. L. Fluharty. 2012. Restriction of vitamin A and D in beef cattle finishing diets on feedlot performance and adipose accretion. J. Anim. Sci. 90:1866-1878. Pickworth, C. L., S. C. Loerch , R. E. Kopec, S. J. Schwartz, and F. L. Fluharty. 2012. Concentration of pro-vitamin A carotenoids in common beef cattle feedstuffs. J. Anim. Sci. 90:1553-1561. Felix, T. L., H. N. Zerby, S. J. Moeller, and S. C. Loerch. 2012. Effects of increasing dried distillers grains with solubles on performance, carcass characteristics, and digestibility of feedlot lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 90:1356-1363. Arnett, E. J., F. L. Fluharty, S. C. Loerch, H. N. Zerby, R. A. Zinn, and P. S. Kuber. 2012. Effects of forage level in feedlot finishing diets on carcass characteristics and palatability of Jersey beef. J. Anim. Sci. 90:960-972. Felix, T. L. , I. Susin, L. M. Shoup, A. E. Radunz, and S. C. Loerch. 2012. Effects of supplemental dried distillers grains or soybean hulls on growth and internal parasite status of grazing lambs. Sheep and Goat Res. J. 27:1-8. Felix, T. L., T. A. Murphy, and S. C. Loerch. 2012. Effects of dietary inclusion and NaOH treatment of dried distillers grains with solubles on ruminal metabolism of feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. doi:10.2527/jas.2011-4736. Pickworth, C. L., S. C. Loerch , and F. L. Fluharty. 2012. Effects of timing and duration of dietary vitamin A reduction on carcass quality of finishing beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 90:2677-2691. Radunz, A. E., F. L. Fluharty, A. E. Relling, T. L. Felix, L. M. Shoup, H. N. Zerby, and S. C. Loerch. 2012. Prepartum dietary energy source fed to beef cows: II. Effects on progeny postnatal growth, glucose tolerance, and carcass composition. J. Anim. Sci. doi:10.2527/jas.2012-5098. Felix, T. L., N. A. Pyatt, and S. C. Loerch. 2012. Effects of monensin supplementation on ruminal metabolism of feedlot cattle fed diets containing dried distillers grains. J. Anim. Sci. 90:3905-3913. Morrow, L. A., T. L. Felix, F. L. Fluharty, and S. C. Loerch. 2013. Effects of hay supplementation in corn and dried distillers grains with solubles-based diets on performance and ruminal metabolism in feedlot cattle. Professional Animal Scientist. In press. Morrow, L. A., T. L. Felix, F. L. Fluharty, K. M. Daniels, and S. C. Loerch. 2013. Effects of sulfur and acidity on performance and digestibility in feedlot lambs fed dried distillers grains with solubles. J. Anim. Sci. doi:10.2527/jas.2012-5866. Oklahoma State University Burken, D.B., K.G. Hanger, R.B. Hicks, D.L. VanOverbeke, G.G. Hilton, J.L. Wahrmund, B.P. Holland, C.R. Krehbiel, P.K. Camfield, and C.J. Richards. 2012. Vitamin E supplementation in wet distillers grains with solubles beef finishing diets: Feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 90:1349-1355. Wahrmund, J.L., J.R. Ronchesel, C.R. Krehbiel, C.L. Goad, and C.J. Richards. 2012. Ruminal acidosis challenge impact on ruminal temperature in feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 90:2794-2801. Gifford, C.A., B.P. Holland, R.L. Mills, J.K. Farney, S.J. Terrill, D.L. Step, C.J. Richards, and L.O. Burciaga-Robles and C.R. Krehbiel. 2012. Impacts of inflammation on cattle growth and carcass merit. J. Anim. Sci. 90:1438-1451. Wahrmund, J.L., D.B. Burken, B.K. Wilson, S.J. Terrill, D.L. Step, C.R. Krehbiel, S.M. Trost, and C.J. Richards. 2012. Impact of truck compartment on ruminal temperature during transit and subsequent health and performance of recently weaned beef heifers. Prof. Anim. Sci. 28:670-677. USDAMeat Animal Research Center Hales, K. E., K. J. Kraich, R. G. Bondurant, B. E. Meyer, M. K. Luebbe, M. S. Brown, N. A. Cole, J. C. MacDonald. Effects of crude glycerin on receiving performance and health status of beef steers and nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation characteristics of Holstein steers. J. Anim. Sci. Submitted Feb 4, 2012. Hales, K. E., H. C. Freetly, S. S. Shackelford, D. A. King. 2013. Effects of roughage concentration in dry-rolled corn-based diets containing wet distillers grains with solubles on performance, carcass characteristics, and in vitro dry matter digestibility of finishing beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. In Press. Hales, K. E., R. G. Bondurant, M. K. Luebbe, N. A. Cole, J. C. MacDonald. 2013. Effects of crude glycerin in steam-flaked corn-based diets fed to growing feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. In Press. Hales, K. E., N. A. Cole, J. C. MacDonald. 2013. Effects of increasing concentrations of wet distillers grains with solubles on energy metabolism, carbon-nitrogen balance, and methane emissions of cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 91:819828. Proceedings and Technical Reports: University of Illinois Felix, Tara L. 2012. Alternative Feedstuffs and Changing Co-products: Feedlot Cattle. Driftless Region Beef Conference. January 31, 2013. University of Minnesota DiCostanzo, A., G.I. Crawford, and R.B. Cox. 2012. Distillers grains research results at University of MinnesotaA Review. In Proc. Plains Nutrition Conference. Texas Agri Life Pub AREC 2012-26. pp 108-120. April 12-13, San Antonio, TX. Jaderborg, J.P. and A. DiCostanzo. 2012. Managing feed storage, mixing and delivery for efficiency. In: Proc. 73rd Minnesota Nutrition Conference. Sep 18-19. Owatonna, MN, Ohio State University Loerch, S. C. Nutrition of newly arrived feedlot cattle. Brasil Nutrition Conference, Uberlandia, SP. March 11, 2012. Loerch, S. C. Feed bunk management of cattle fed high-grain diets. Brasil Nutrition Conference, Uberlandia, SP. March 11, 2012. Oklahoma State University Richards, C.J., C.R. Krehbiel, D.L. Step, R.B. Hicks, J.L. Wahrmund, B.K. Wilson, C.L. Maxwell, J. Wagner, and B.T. Johnson. 2012. Evaluation of remote temperature monitoring for detection of bovine respiratory disease and use of wet distillers grains in receiving and finishing diets. Plains Nutr. Council Spring Conf. Publ. p. 99-102. Texas A&M Research and Extension Center, Amarillo. Krehbiel, C.R., B.P. Holland, R.L. Mills, C.L. Maxwell, C. A. Gifford, J.K. Johnson, D.L. Step, C.J. Richards, and L.O. Burciaga Robles. 2012. Impact of Animal Health and Immune Function on Beef Animal Growth. 27th Ann. SW. Nutr. & Mgnt. Conf. p. 95-106. Krehbiel, C.R., S.J. Terrill, R.L. Mills, C.A. Gifford, D.L. Step, C.J. Richards, and L.O. Burciaga Robles. 2012. Inflammation and Nutrient Metabolism in Ruminants. 23rd Annual Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium. p. 44-53. South Dakota State University Pritchard, R.H. 2013. Feedlot Technologies. Proc. Northern States Beef Conference. Watertown, SD. Pritchard, R.H. 2013. Preparing the calf for feedlot: The role of nutrition and management in the pre-weaning period on future health and performance. Proc. of the 24th Florida Nutrition Conference. pp43-48. Pritchard, R.H. 2013. Growing/Backgrounding Programs for Calves Management Regimens, Carryover Influences on Finishing Performance, Carcass Weights and Carcass Composition. Proc Plains Nutrition Council Spring Conference. TAMU Publ. No. AREC 2013-24 pp 65-75. West Texas A&M University Brown, M. S. Feed management practices and considerations. Novus Technial Symposium, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. June 2012. Brown, M. S. Reconstitution of sorghum grain. 7th International Beef Cattle Congress, Piricicba, Sao Paulo, Brazil. December 2012. Brown, M. S. Assessment of steam-flaked grains. 7th International Beef Cattle Congress, Piricicba, Sao Paulo, Brazil. December 2012. Brown, M. S. Key concepts in value ingredient exchanges. 15th International Symposium on Feedlot Cattle Production, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. October 2012. Brown, M. S. Mineral nutrition. Novus Technial Symposium, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. June 2012. Brown, M. S. Protein and fiber considerations in adaptation rations. Novus Technial Symposium, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. June 2012. Brown, M. S. Potential and limitations of feed additives. Brazilian Student Congress of Animal Science, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil. May 2012. Brown, M. S. A review of direct-microbial technology. South African Cattlemen's Conference, Pretoria, South Africa. March 2012. Brown, M. S. Carcass gain concepts. South African Cattlemen's Conference, Pretoria, South Africa. March 2012. USDAMeat Animal Research Center Freetly, H. C. and K. E. Hales. U.S. MARC Research Update. Plains Nutrition Council, San Antonio, TX April 18 - 19, 2013. Cole, N. A., K. E. Hales, R. W. Todd, and J. C. MacDonald. Effects of corn processing method and dietary inclusion of wet distillers grains with solubles on enteric methane emissions of finishing cattle. Livestock and Environmental Learning Center Conference, Denver, CO April 5 6, 2013. Abstracts: University of Illinois Odusote, Lanre, Wes Chapple, and Tara L. Felix. 2012. Use of chemically treated corn stover as a possible alternative to corn in feedlot cattle diets. Summer Research Opportunities Program. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Liu, T., L.F. Rodriguez, A.R. Green, D.W. Shike, and J.R. Segers. 2012. Cattle movement monitoring for the assessment of impacts on pasture based systems. ASABE Paper No. 1100006. Louisville, Ky. ASABE. Liu, T., L. F. Rodríguez, A. R. Green, D. W. Shike, J. R. Segers, G. D. N. Maia, H. D. Norris. 2012. Assessment of cattle impacts on soil characteristics in integrated crop-livestock systems. ASABE Paper No. 121338321. Dallas, TX. ASABE. Norris, H., L. Rodriguez, T. Liu, A. Green, D. Shike, J. Segers, G. Maia, B. Ramirez, 2012. Impact of Livestock on Soil Characteristics in a Crop-Livestock Agroecosystem. Heather Norris. Dallas, TX. ASABE AIM. Duckworth, M.J., A.R. Schroeder, D.B. Faulkner, D.W. Shike, and T.L. Felix. 2013. Effects of feeding CaO treated WDGS or treated corn stover to cattle on performance, carcass characteristics, and ruminal metabolism. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 96: E-Suppl. 2. Nunez, A.J. C., T.L. Felix, S.C. Loerch, R.P. Lemenager, and J.P. Schoonmaker. 2013. Effects of calcium oxide inclusion in beef feedlot diets containing 60% dried distillers grains with soluble on performance and carcass characteristics. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 96: E-Suppl. 2. Long, C.J., T.L. Felix, and S.C. Loerch. 2013. Effects of dietary sulfur source on hydrogen sulfide gas concentrations in feedlot lambs. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 96: E-Suppl. 2. Kloth, A.C., L. M. Shoup, and D. W. Shike. 2013. Effects of late-gestation coproduct supplementation and time of weaning on cow performance and reproduction. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 96:E-Suppl. 2. Milnamow, M. R., T. B. Wilson, D. B. Faulkner, F. A. Ireland, and D. W. Shike. 2013. Effects of grazing novel endophyte-infected fescue following grazing endophyte-infected fescue on steer performance. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 96:E-Suppl. 2. DelValle, T. P., C. F. Shipley, F. A. Ireland, H. M. French, V. L. Jarrell, D. B. Faulkner, J. Fuselier, and D. W. Shike. 2013 Effects of pyrethroid insecticides on reproductive parameters of beef bulls. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 96:E-Suppl. 2. Cassady, C., T. B. Wilson, K. Retallick, D. B. Faulkner, and D. W. Shike. 2013. Relationship between heifer feed efficiency measures and intake of good-quality and poor-quality forage in mature beef cows. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 96:E-Suppl. 2. Kloth, A. M., C. F. Shipley, H. M. French, V. L. Jarrell, D. B. Faulkner, and D. W. Shike. 2013. Effects of pyrethroid insecticide on reproductive parameters of beef cows. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 96:E-Suppl. 2. Sneed, A., and T.L. Felix. 2013. Effects of increasing glycerin inclusion on beef cattle performance. Undergraduate Research Symposium. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Maia, G.D.N., A.R. Green, B.C. Ramirez, Y. Sun, J.R. Segers, D.W. Shike, R.S. Gates, and L.F. Rodriguez. 2013. Overview and Application of a Metabolic Chamber for Quanitification of Greenhouse Gas Generation from Enteric Fermentation. ASABE Intl. Mtg. July 21, Kansas City, MO. St. Joseph, MI: ASABE. (Accepted). Segers, J.S., T.L. Felix, and D.W. Shike. 2013. Effects of energy source and dietary fat concentration from corn coproducts, during the growing phase, on beef cattle performance, carcass traits, digestibility, and ruminal metabolism. Joint Mtg. Abstracts. (Accepted) Chapple, W.P., D.B. Faulkner, M.J. Cecava, P.H. Doane, A.H. Grusby, and T.L. Felix. Effects of feeding treated corn sotver and distillers grains to beef cattle on performance, carcass traits, digestibility, and ruminal metabolism. Joint Mtg. Abstracts. (Accepted). Purdue University J. P. Schoonmaker, M. C. Claeys, and R. P. Lemenager. 2012. Effect of increasing distillers grains inclusion on performance and carcass characteristics of early-weaned steers. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl. 2):124. K. N. Condron, R. P. Lemenager, M. C. Claeys, and J. P. Schoonmaker. 2012. Effect of ²-carotene supplementation on plasma vitamin A, growth, performance, and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl. 2):80 C. N. Shee, R. P. Lemenager, M. C. Claeys, and J. P. Schoonmaker. 2012. Effect of feeding distillers dried grains with solubles during lactation on cow performance, milk composition and pre-weaning progeny performance. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl. 2):42. J. P. Schoonmaker, K. T. Korn, K. N. Condron, C. N. Shee, M. C. Claeys, T. D. Nennich, and R. P. Lemenager. 2012. Effect of dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) on beef tenderness. J. Anim. Sci., 90(Suppl. 3):367. K. N. Condron, J. N. Waddell, M. C. Claeys, R. P. Lemenager, and J. P. Schoonmaker. 2012. Effect of ²-carotene supplementation on fatty acid profile and expression of genes involved in vitamin A metabolism. J. Anim. Sci., 90(Suppl. 3):592. P. J. Gunn, J. P. Schoonmaker, R. P. Lemenager, and G. A. Bridges. 2012. Feeding distillers grains as an energy source to gestating and lactating beef heifers: Impact on growth, ovarian function, puberty attainment and reproductive efficiency of female progeny. J. Anim. Sci,. 90(Suppl. 3):472. P. J. Gunn, J. P. Schoonmaker, R. P. Lemenager, and G. A. Bridges. 2012. Feeding distillers grains as an energy source to gestating and lactating beef heifers: Impact on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and glucose tolerance of steer progeny. J. Anim. Sci., 90(Suppl 3): 432. P. J. Gunn, G. A. Bridges, R. P. Lemenager, and J. P. Schoonmaker. 2012. Feeding distillers grains as an energy source to gestating and lactating beef heifers: Impact on steer progeny longissimus muscle fatty acid profile. J. Anim. Sci., 90(Suppl. 3):338. P. J. Gunn, J. P. Schoonmaker, R. P. Lemenager, and G. A. Bridges. 2012. Meta-analysis on the effects of supplementing distillers grains to beef cows during early lactation on reproductive efficiency and pre-weaning progeny growth. J. Anim. Sci., 90(Suppl. 3):518. A. J. C. Nunez, V. V. Almeida, J. P. Schoonmaker, F. T. Merdcado, F. Pinese, I. E. Borges, R. R. Casagrande, P. R. Leme, and J. C. M. Nogueira Filho. 2012. Concentrate level and combined used of ionophore and virginiamycin on feeding behavior of Nellore steers fed high grain diets. J. Anim. Sci., 90(Suppl. 3):631. Iowa State University Morine, S.J., M.E. Drewnoski, S.L. Hansen. 2012. Determining the influence of dietary roughage concentration and source on rumen parameters related to sulfur toxicity. J. Anim. Sci. (Suppl. 2) 90:15. *Undergraduate Oral Competition Paper Daniels, L.J., M.E. Drewnoski, S.L. Hansen. 2012. Quick Test for Sulfur Level in Ethanol Co-products. J. Anim. Sci. (Suppl. 2) 90:131. *Undergraduate Poster Competition Paper Brasche, C.J., M.E. Drewnoski, S.L. Hansen. 2012. Effects of dietary sulfur source on ruminal pH and hydrogen sulfide of feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. (Suppl. 2) 90:132. *Undergraduate Poster Competition Paper Hansen, SL, D.J. Pogge and S.M. Lonergan. 2012. Effect of supplemental vitamin C on meat quality of cattle fed varying concentrations of dietary sulfur. Reciprocation session at 65th Reciprocal Meats Conference. Genther, O.N. and S.L. Hansen. 2012. Use of an injectable mineral in beef cattle: Growth and carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. (Suppl. 3)90:145. Genther, O.N. and S.L. Hansen. 2012. Use of an injectable mineral in beef cattle: Mineral status. J. Anim. Sci. (Suppl. 3) 90:144. Pogge, D.J., S.M. Lonergan, and S.L. Hansen. 2012. Supplemental vitamin C alleviates negative effects of high sulfur diets on beef quality. J. Anim. Sci. (Suppl. 3) 90:151. Morine, S.J., M.E. Drewnoski, and S.L. Hansen. 2012. Determining the influence of dietary NDF concentration from bromegrass hay on performance of steers fed high sulfur diets. J. Anim. Sci. (Suppl. 3) 90:404. Pogge, D.J, M.E. Drewnoski, and S.L. Hansen. 2012. High dietary sulfur decreases apparent absorption of copper and manganese by steers. J. Anim. Sci. (Suppl. 3) 90:402. Michigan State University Singh, Pallava, Jernigan, Katherine, Radek, Christopher, Britton, Robert, Venegas, Cristina, Rust, Steven R., Bartlett, Paul, Grooms, Daniel, Manning, Shannon D. 2012. Variation in microbiota diversity between beef and dairy cattle. [Abstract] American Society for Microbiology. University of Minnesota Ceconi, I., A.DiCostanzo, and G.I. Crawford. 2012. Effect of urea inclusion in diets containing distillers grains on feedlot cattle performance and carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 90:(Suppl. 2). Abstract 113. Crawford, G.I., J.M. Kelzer, J. Jaderborg, and A. DiCostanzo. 2012. Effects of dietary inclusion of manganese oxide in beef cattle feedlot diets containing high concentrations of sulfur. J. Anim. Sci. 90:(Suppl. 2). Abstract 114. Huber, G.M., A. DiCostanzo, and G.I. Crawford. 2012. Interaction of dietary roughage and sulfur concentration on performance of beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 90:(Suppl. 2). Abstract 117. Kelzer, J.M., M. Ruiz-Moreno, G.I. Crawford, A. DiCostanzo, and G.C. Lamb. 2012. Effects of supplemental manganese oxide on ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentration, ruminal pH, and feedlot performance of beef cattle fed high-sulfur finishing diets. J. Anim. Sci. 90:(Suppl. 2). Abstract 116. McClelland, K.M., J.P. Jaderborg, D.M. Paulus, J.M. Popowski, G.I. Crawford, A. DiCostanzo, and R.B. Cox. 2012. Effect of modified distillers grains with solubles and crude glycerin in finishing diets on fatty acid composition and oxidation of fresh beef. J. Anim. Sci. 90:(Suppl. 2). Abstract 242P. Paulus, D.M., J.M. Kelzer, M.V. Fossa, C. Belknap, G.I. Crawford, and A. DiCostanzo. 2012. Effect of inclusion of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product in beef cattle feedlot diets with two different sulfur concentrations on nutrient metabolism. J. Anim. Sci. 90:(Suppl. 2). Abstract 18. University of Nebraska Burken, D. B., J. L. Harding, T. C. Hoegemeyer, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2012. Corn hybrid and plant density effects on corn silage quality and yield. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl 3):461(Abstr.) Fernando, S. C., A. K. Watson, Y. A. Wanniarachchi, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, J. L. Harding, A. L. Shreck, C. J. Johnson, and M. M. Klosterman, 2012. Microbial community shifts during anaerobic digestion of finishing cattle manure with and without distillers grains in the diet. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl 3):337(Abstr.) Harding, J. L., C. J. Schneider, B. L. Nuttelman, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2012. Effects of spoilage of wet distillers grains plus solubles on performance of growing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl 2):43(Abstr.) Nichols, C. A., M. K. Luebbe, K. H. Jenkins, G. E. Erickson, S. A. Furman, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2012. Effect of corn processing on feedlot steers fed sugar beet pulp. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl 2):11(Abstr.) Nuttelman, B. L., D. B. Burken, C. J. Schneider, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein 2012. Comparing wet and dry distillers grains plus solubles for yearling finishing cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl 3):711(Abstr.) Nuttelman, B. L., A. L. Shreck, J. L. Harding, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2012. Comparing the digestibility of wet and dry distillers grains plus solubles in cattle finishing diets. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl 3):713(Abstr.) Pesta, A. C., A. L. Shreck, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2012. Metabolism of finishing diets containing condensed distillers solubles and wet distillers grains plus solubles. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl 2):42(Abstr.) Pesta, A. C., B. L. Nuttelman, W. A. Griffin, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2012. Feeding condensed distillers solubles in finishing diets containing modified distillers grains plus solubles or synergy. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl 2):42(Abstr.) Sarturi, J. O., G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2012. Ruminal degradable sulfur and ADG in beef cattle finishing diets. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl 2):127(Abstr.) Schneider, C. J., B. L. Nuttelman, K. M. Rolfe, W. A. Griffin, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2012. Use of a complete-feed diet (RAMP) in grain adaptation programs compared to traditional grain adaptation programs. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl 2):80(Abstr.) Schneider, C. J., B. L. Nuttelman, D. B. Burken, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2012. Use of a complete-feed diet (RAMP) to rapidly transition cattle to a finishing diet. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl 2):80(Abstr.) Schneider, C. J., M. K. Luebbe, K. H. Jenkins, S. A. Furman, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2012. Using beet pulp to adapt cattle to finishing diets compared to traditional grain adaptation with alfalfa hay. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl 2):80(Abstr.) Schneider, C. J., A. L. Shreck, R. A. Stock, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G.E. Erickson. 2012. Effects of RAMP on feed intake and ruminal pH during adaptation to finishing diets. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl 3):479(Abstr.) Schneider, C. J., B. L. Nuttelman, W. A. Griffin, D. B. Burken, R. A. Stock, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2012. Evaluation of a complete-feed (RAMP) receiving diet. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl 3):478(Abstr.) Semler, M., C. Calkins, and G. Erickson. 2012. Nutrient differences of beef from different genotypes. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl 2):100(Abstr.) Shreck, A. L., C. J. Schneider, B. L. Nuttelman, D. B. Burken, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and M. J. Cecava. 2012. Performance by feedlot cattle fed varying proportions and amounts of lime treated crop residues and distillers grains as substitutes for corn grain. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl 3):711(Abstr.) Shreck, A. L., J. L. Harding, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and M. J. Cecava. 2012. Evaluation of rumen metabolism and digestibility when treated crop residues are fed in cattle finishing diets. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl 3):712(Abstr.) Shreck, A. L., B. L. Nuttelman, W. A. Griffin, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfentein, and M. J. Cecava. 2012. Reducing particle size enhances chemical treatment in cattle finishing diets. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl 2):14(Abstr.) Titlow, A. H., S. A. Furman, M. K. Luebbe, K. H. Jenkins, A. L. Shreck, and G. E. Erickson. 2012. Replacing steam-flaked corn or dry-rolled corn with condensed distillers solubles in feedlot finishing diets. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl 2):42(Abstr.) Watson, A. K., T. K. Klopfenstein, L. W. Lomas, G. E. Erickson, and B. L. Nuttelman. 2012. Research results are dependent on accurate cattle weights. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl 2):82(Abstr.) Watson, A. K., T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, S. C. Fernando, J. L. Harding, and A. L. Shreck. 2012. Anaerobic digestion of finishing cattle manure with and without distillers grains in the diet. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl 2):81(Abstr.) Watson, A. K., G. E. Erickson, T. K. Klopfenstein, R. K. Koelsch, R. E. Massey, J. H. Harrison, and M. K. Luebbe. 2012. BFNMP$: A tool for estimating feedlot manure economics. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl 2):94(Abstr.) North Dakota State University Montanholi, Y. R., K. C. Swanson, R. Palme, G. Vander Voort, L. S. Haas, and S. P. Miller. 2012. Glucocorticoids as biomarkers for feed efficiency in cattle. Proceedings of the European Association of Animal Production 63rd Annual Meeting, page 184. Rahman, S., and K. C. Swanson. 2012. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from beef cattle pen surfaces in North Dakota. American Society of Agricultural Engineers Annual Meeting. Paper# 121338102. Prezotto, L. D., L. E. Camacho, C. O. Lemley, J. S. Caton, K. A. Vonnahme, M. Kapphahn, M. Van Emon, R. S. Goulart, R. D. Yunosova, T. J. Swanson, and K. C. Swanson. 2012. Effects of nutrient restriction in beef cows during early gestation on maternal and fetal small intestinal and hepatic mass and in vitro oxygen (O2) consumption. J. Anim. Sci. 90(Suppl. 3):50. Doscher, F. E., A. M. Meyer, M. J. Ellison, K. M. Cammack, and K. C. Swanson. 2012. The relationship between feed efficiency and pancreatic ±-amylase and trypsin activity in growing lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 90(Suppl. 3):370. Camacho, L. E., C. O. Lemley, K. C. Swanson, and K. A. Vonnahme. 2012. Maternal diet restriction in beef cows alters fetal cardiovascular hemodynamics and fetal placental development during early pregnancy. J. Anim. Sci. 90(Suppl. 3):151. Camacho, L. E., C. O. Lemley, T. J. Swanson, K. C. Swanson, and K. A. Vonnahme. 2012. Maternal diet restriction effects on fetal organ weights in beef cows during early pregnancy. J. Anim. Sci. 90(Suppl. 3):324. Reyaz, A., F. Yao, M. S. Sane, L. E. Camacho, C. O. Lemley, K. C. Swanson, S. T. ORourke, and K. A. Vonnahme. 2012. Nutrient restriction during early pregnancy alters cotyledon arterial vascular reactivity in response to bradykinin in beef cows. Proceedings ADSA, AMPA, ASAS, CSAS, WSASAS Joint Annual Meeting. J. Anim. Sci. 90(Suppl. 3):323. Wood, K. M., C. J. Fitzsimmons, S. P. Miller, B. W. McBride, and K. C. Swanson. 2012. The effect of limiting feed intake on concentration of proteins associated with energy balance in the pregnant beef cow. J. Anim. Sci. 90(Suppl. 3):679. Wood, K. M., C. J. Fitzsimmons, S. P. Miller, I. B. Mandell, B. W. McBride, and K. C. Swanson. 2012. The effect of limiting feed intake on visceral organ mass and performance in the pregnant beef cow. Proceedings ADSA, AMPA, ASAS, CSAS, WSASAS Joint Annual Meeting. J. Anim. Sci. 90(Suppl. 3):516-517. Awda, B. J., S. P. Miller, Y. R. Montanholi, G. Vander Voort, T. Caldwell, M. M. Buhr, and K. C. Swanson. 2012. The relationship between feed efficiency traits and fertility in young beef bulls. J. Anim. Sci. 90(Suppl. 3):372. Fitzsimmons, C., K. Wood, F. Paradis, B. McBride, S. Miller, I. Mandell, and K. Swanson. 2012. Maternal diet interactions with fetal sex in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 90(Suppl. 3):51. Paradis, F.,Wood, K.M., Swanson. K.C., Mandell, I.B., Miller, S.P., McBride, B.W., and Fitzsimmons, C.J. 2012. The impact of maternal nutrition during pregnancy on fetal calf growth and muscle gene expression in beef cattle. International Congress on Animal Reproduction, July 29- Aug. 2, 2012. Vancouver, BC, Canada. Ab#2001. Wood, K.M., Kim, J.J., Fitzsimmons, C.J., Miller, S.P., McBride, B.W., and Swanson, K.C. 2012. Gene expression does not differ between proteins found to be associated with energy balance in pregnant beef cows fed either above or below maintenance energy requirements. Livestock Gentec: 3rd Annual Conference, Oct. 16 &17, 2012. Edmonton, Alberta. Abstract #20. Paradis, F.,Wood, K.M., Swanson. K.C., Mandell, I.B., Miller, S.P., McBride, B.W., and Fitzsimmons, C.J. 2012. The impact of maternal nutrition during pregnancy on fetal calf growth and muscle gene expression in beef cattle. International Congress on Animal Reproduction, July 29- Aug. 2, 2012. Vancouver, BC, Canada. Ab#2001. Abo-Ismail, M. K., G. Vander Voort, E. J. Squires, K. C. Swanson, J. Thomson, B. Karisa, G. Plastow, S. Moore, and S. P. Miller. 2012. Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms for feed efficiency and performance in crossbred beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 90(Suppl. 3):453. Swanson, K. C., A. M. Meyer, C. O. Lemley, J. S. Caton, and K. A. Vonnahme. 2012. Influence of nutrient restriction and melatonin supplementation of pregnant ewes on maternal and fetal pancreatic ±-amylase and trypsin activity. J. Anim. Sci 90(Suppl. 2):123. Meyer, A. M., K. C. Swanson, B. J. Awda, M. Kapphahn, R. D. Yunusova, L. E. Camacho, J. S. Caton, K. A. Vonnahme, and C. O. Lemley. 2012. Effects of nutrient restriction and melatonin supplementation during mid- to late gestation on ewe and fetal lamb small intestinal and hepatic in vitro oxygen (O2) consumption. J. Anim. Sci 90(Suppl. 2):70. Goulart, R. S., L. G. Nussio, K. Hongyu, A. V. Pires, J. L. P. Daniel, K. C. Swanson, and C. R. Dahlen. 2012. Effect of fiber source on ruminal mat consistency in diets for Nellore steers. J. Anim. Sci 90(Suppl. 2):126. Goulart, R. S., L. G. Nussio, K. Hongyu, A. V. Pires, R. C. Amaral, K. C. Swanson, and C. R. Dahlen. 2012. Adjusted intake based on forage particle length of forage and nonforage fiber sources in diets for Nellore steers. J. Anim. Sci 90(Suppl. 2):127. Awda, B. J., Y. R. Montanholi, S. P. Miller, and K. C. Swanson. 2012. The relationship between feed efficiency and pancreatic lipase, ±-amylase, and trypsin activity in beef steers. J. Anim. Sci 90(Suppl. 2):120. Awda, B. J., K. M. Wood, L. Trouten-Radford, B. W. McBride, S. P. Miller, I. B. Mandell, C. J. Fitzsimmons, and K. C. Swanson. 2012. The influence of feed intake on hepatic oxygen consumption, citrate synthase activity and protein concentration in pregnant beef cows. J. Anim. Sci 90(Suppl. 2):122. Awda, B. J., K. M. Wood, B. W. McBride, S. P. Miller, I. B. Mandell, C. J. Fitzsimmons, and K. C. Swanson. 2012. The influence of feed intake on pancreatic lipase, ±-amylase, and trypsin activities in pregnant beef cows. J. Anim. Sci 90(Suppl. 2):122. Ohio State University Loerch, S. C., F. L. Fluharty, L. A. Morrow, S. A. Metzger, and T. L. Felix. 2012. Effects of dietary sulfur on ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentrations over time. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (suppl. 2): 44. Radunz, A. E., F. L. Fluharty, G. D. Lowe, and S. C. Loerch. 2012. Effects of protein intake in late gestation beef cows on progeny postnatal growth and carcass traits. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (suppl. 2): 122. Morrow, L. A., T. L. Felix, F. L. Fluharty, S. A. Metzger, and S. C. Loerch. 2012 Effects of hay supplementation in corn and dried distillers grains-based diets on performance and rumen metabolism in feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (suppl. 2): 123. Oklahoma State University Johnson, B.T., C.L. Maxwell, B.K. Wilson, J.J. Wagner, S.L. Roberts, B.W. Woolfolk, C.R. Krehbiel, and C.J. Richards. 2012. Blended byproduct feeds in finishing rations on performance, carcass, and fecal characteristics of yearling heifers. Plains Nutr. Council Spring Conf. Publ. p. 128. Texas A&M Research and Extension Center, Amarillo. Maxwell, C.L., B.T. Johnson, B.K. Wilson, J.J. Wagner, C.R. Krehbiel, L.J. McBeth, and C.J. Richards. 2012. The effects of titrating corn-based dried distillers grains plus solubles with sorghum-based wet distillers grains plus solubles on yearling heifers with I.C.E.® on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Plains Nutr. Council Spring Conf. Publ. p. 130. Texas A&M Research and Extension Center, Amarillo. Wilson, B.K., C.L. Maxwell, D.L. Step, B.T. Johnson, J.J. Wagner, C.R. Krehbiel, and C.J. Richards. 2012. Factors influencing the subsequent receiving health and performance of high-risk steer and bull calves purchased at regional livestock markets in 2010 and 2011 Plains Nutr. Council Spring Conf. Publ. p. 144. Texas A&M Research and Extension Center, Amarillo. Johnson, B.T., C.L. Maxwell, B.K. Wilson, J.J. Wagner, C.J. Richards, and C.R. Krehbiel. 2012. The effects of titrating corn-based dried distillers grains plus solubles with sorghum-based wet distillers grains plus solubles on yearling heifers feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 90(Suppl. 3):714. Johnson, B.T., C.L. Maxwell, B.K. Wilson, J.J. Wagner, S.L. Roberts, B.W. Woolfolk, C.J. Richards, and C.R. Krehbiel. 2012. Blended byproduct feeds in finishing rations on performance, carcass, and fecal characteristics of yearling heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 90(Suppl. 3):334. Wagner, J.J., C.L. Maxwell, B.K. Wilson, B.T. Johnson, C.R. Krehbiel, D.L. Step, and C.J. Richards. 2012. Effects of energy density in high byproduct diets on health and performance of receiving calves. Plains Nutr. Council Spring Conf. Publ. p. 143. Texas A&M Research and Extension Center, Amarillo. Johnson, B.T., C.L. Maxwell, B.K. Wilson, J.J. Wagner, S.L. Roberts, B.W. Woolfolk, C.J. Richards, and C.R. Krehbiel. 2012. Blended byproduct feeds in finishing rations on performance, carcass, and fecal characteristics of yearling heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 90(E-Suppl. 3):334. Johnson, B.T., C.L. Maxwell, B.K. Wilson, J.J. Wagner, C.J. Richards, and C.R. Krehbiel. 2012. The effects of titrating corn-based dried distillers grains plus solubles with sorghum-based wet distillers grains plus solubles on yearling heifers feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 90(E-Suppl. 3):714. South Dakota State University L. M. Hoffman, R. H. Pritchard, A. D. Weaver, S. M. Scramlin, M. G. Gonda, A. E. Wertz-Lutz, and K. R. Underwood. 2012. Leptin genotype and growing phase diet effects on carcass traits and meat quality. The 63rd Reciprocal Meat Conference, Fargo, ND. Amer. Meat Sci. Assoc. Cox, C.L., R. H. Pritchard, B. P. Holland, and J. S. Jennings. 2012. Plasma metabolites and rumen ammonia concentration in steers fed high-forage diets and supplemented non-protein nitrogen. J. Anim. Sci. 90:(Suppl 3) p 623. University of Wisconsin Havens, S., T. Barry, C. Hedman, J. Hemming, M. Mieritz, M. Shafer, J. Schauer. Analysis of steroid hormones in surface water runoff from animal farms using sulfuric acid preservation and isotope dilution. Amer Chem Soc 239: 352-Envr. Mar 21 2010 (Abstr). Plaster, S., C. T. Jobsis and D. M. Schaefer. 2011. Preference and lying time of beef steers housed on rubber-covered slats vs. concrete slats. Proc. Fifth Intl. Conf. Assessment of Anim. Welfare at Farm and Group Level, Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. T. Widowski, P. Lawlis and K. Sheppard eds., Wageningen Acad. Publ. p. 121. Wagner, D. R., E. L. Edgerton, C. T. Jobsis, M. R. Schaefer and D. M. Schaefer. 2012. Effect of rubber slatted flooring on behavior, joint health, and production measures of feedlot cattle. Beef Cattle Welfare Symposium, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. USDAMeat Animal Research Center Hales, K. E. 2013. Environmental impact of new feeding choices in the feedlot industry. J. Anim. Sci. (E-Suppl.) Jaderborg J. P., G. I. Crawford, A. DiCostanzo, M. J. Spiehs, K. E. Hales. 2013. Effects of corn processing method and dietary inclusion of corn wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) on nutrient metabolism and enteric gas production in finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. (E-Suppl.)

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Impact Statements

In the last 32 years of this regional feedlot nutrition research committee cattle slaughter weights have risen by 140 kg and time on feed decreased by 60 days. Average daily gains have increased from near 1 kg/d to consistently over 2 kg/d. This has huge economic, environmental, and sustainability impact.
Research conducted under project objectives of this committee facilitated these accomplishments. Students trained at these participating universities have become leaders in academia and the commercial sector (feedlot producers; feed and pharmaceutical industries; consulting nutritionists and veterinarians).
In the past 5 years, the US cow herd has shrunk by more than 10% to a 50 year low of 29 million cows. Yet beef production has increased during this time from 12 million tons to 13 million tons. Discoveries by members of this committee in the areas of nutrition, growth and development, food safety, production efficiency and environmental impacts have contributed to an abundance of affordable, safe, high quality, and sustainable beef supply.
Committee members represent the top 10 states for feedlot capacity, and surrounding states with capacities up to 100,000 cattle on feed. Representatives are leaders in feedlot nutrition and management research and interact with the largest feedlot consulting firms, which together represent over 50% of U.S. fed cattle, feed manufacturing and processing companies, the largest corn-based ethanol refineries, and directly with feedlot owners and managers in their areas of influence.