Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

NRSP-6 (Potato Genebank) Technical Advisory Committee Meeting Sturgeon Bay, June 29-30, 2004 Present: J. Bamberg, P. Bretting, C. Brown (Chair), W. De Jong (Secretary), D. Douches (Vice-Chair), S. Jansky, L-S. Lin, T. Nelson, C-Y. Hu, M. Martin, C. Miller, A. Mosley, R. Novy, S. Reiling, W. Roca, J. Schartner, S. Slack, D. Spooner, R. Tarn, A.M. Thro 1. C. Brown called the meeting to order at 8:30 A.M. The meeting agenda was distributed, introductions were made, and announcements were invited. [Thro, Roca, Novy, and Lin were present as part of an external (five year) review of the genebank. They were joined on June 30 by D. Sklarczyk and R. Lower]. 2. Minutes of last years TAC meeting were approved without change. 3. Resolutions committee was appointed (C. Miller, D. Douches, and A. Mosley). 4. S. Slack provided general administrative comments. New guidelines have been developed for NRSP projects. Clear intent is to support projects of national significance only for a limited duration. Recent letter from Experiment Station Committee on Organization and Policy (ESCOP), detailing what NRSP-6 would need to demonstrate for continued support (project uniqueness, plan for transition to other funding sources), was discussed at length. Slack drafted a reply letter, received feedback, and will send revised letter to ESCOP. Timetable for project renewal: Outline due in September, full proposal in December. ESCOP decision will be made in March 2005. Slack suggested Bamberg and Bretting make informational (not sales) presentation to experiment station directors in Sept, so that directors, many of whom have held their position for relatively short periods, can learn of potato genebank activities. Thro suggested that State directors should be asked: do they wish to support crop genebanks in general? Or should they be supported entirely by ARS? Bretting noted that having CSREES support provided operational flexibility, insofar as it allowed state employees to be hired. The potato genebank is located on state, not federal, property. At present off-the-top funding provides $160,000 of genebank annual $700,000 budget. ARS and Univ. of WI provide the rest. Bretting noted that all genebanks were once funded 50:50 by federal and state sources, but is currently more like 85:15 federal:state. Added that selling the project as leveraging other sources of funding was most likely to succeed. Nelson stated that farm bill is more oriented towards environmental than production issues, and would likely assume a nutritional emphasis in the future. These priorities should be reflected in project renewal proposal. 6. Technical advisor comments. Regional reports were distributed by Brown, De Jong, Douches, and Miller. For the benefit of the external review panel members present Brown pointed out that one of the largest users of germplasm for research purposes was the genebank director; Bambergs role is clearly much more than just curator. De Jong asked whether it was worth revisiting longstanding genebank policy of maintaining relatively few clones, as there is increasing interest in heritage varieties by organic growers. Also suggested that it might be wise to place a priority on maintaining varieties that are outstanding other than for a single weakness that could be repaired in the future by transgenic approaches. Miller noted that potato consumption is so high (circa 140 pounds per capita) that even small improvements in nutritional quality could make a significant impact on human health. Accordingly together with Bamberg he is continuing to screen germplasm for high antioxidant activity. Douches observed that the North Central Region has had a long history of studies in potato genetics; many of the several thousand accessions distributed in the NCR during 2003 were again requested for this purpose. The other region that requests very large quantities from the genebank is the Northwest; Mosley noted that 2003 requests for this region had doubled compared to 2002. Tarn reported that genetic fingerprinting of many blue-fleshed varieties in Fredericton had shown that many were identical; observed the same for some purple skinned/white fleshed clones, and some fingerlings. The Canadian program is also screening for improved nutritional quality (e.g. high antioxidants). 7. Bamberg provided an overview of all genebank activities. Based on recent TAC recommendations has been seeking to increase genebank profile: is working to improve web page, he and M. Martin have made presentations about genebank at annual PAA and Crop Science meetings. His emails to genebank users that describe new material as it becomes available, has increased germplasm requests. He also discussed 40+ page project renewal proposal at length, received feedback from both TAC and external review panel members. 8. Spooner gave a half-hour slide presentation, summarizing current taxonomic efforts. One finding of interest: both molecular and careful phenotypic analyses are unable to separate many so-called potato species into distinct groups. 9. National program leader Bretting distributed a handout and reported that ARS germplasm units as a whole recently hired 15 more scientists. Implications for germplasm users of International Treaty for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, as well as the Convention on Biodiversity, are still not completely clear. The most important issues will hopefully be resolved in the coming year. Roca noted that 90% of CIP germplasm was acquired before December 1993, and thus not subject to restrictions on distribution and use. [Meeting suspended 5 pm, resumed 8:30 on June 30. A delicious fish boil intervened.] 10. Resolutions: the following motions were submitted by the Resolutions committee and unanimously approved by participants. - Whereas, the NRSP-6 Project is reviewed by CSREES every five years; and Whereas, the 2004 review was scheduled to overlap with the annual meeting of the NRSP-6 TAC in Sturgeon Bay, WI, in order to provide maximum insight into the workings of the Committee and the Project in general; and Whereas the Review Team was composed of Dr. Liang-Shiu Lin, Dr. Richard Lower, Dr. Richard Novy, Dr. Willy Roca, Mr. Don Sklaczyk, and Chaired by Dr. Ann Marie Thro; Therefore, be it resolved that the NRSP-6 TAC express sincere appreciation to the review team members for their time and thoughtful evaluation and suggestions regarding the Project. - Whereas, Charles (Chico) Fernandez has faithfully served NSRP-6 and the potato industry for more than 25 years; and Whereas, the National Plant Germplasm System recognized his dedicated and insightful contributions to the collection, maintenance and characterization of potato genetic resources by presenting him with the 2004 NPGS Special Achievement Award and cash prize of $2,000, Therefore, be it resolved that NRSP-6 personnel and members to the TAC warmly congratulate Charles, on this auspicious occasion and express sincere appreciation for his continuing efforts in promoting NRSP-6 goals relative to germplasm characterization, preservation and distribution. - Whereas, John Bamberg, David Spooner, Jesse Schartner, Max Martin, Sheila Stoneman, Alfonso del Rio, Charles Fernandez and Adele Douglass perform necessary maintenance, conduct original research, collect new germplasm, provide leadership relative to primitive cultivars and wild species, and distribute germplasm without restriction to US scientists and the world at large, and Whereas, these activities are conducted in an exemplary fashion and as an altruistic service to the scientific establishment and the world at large, Therefore, be it resolved that we express our appreciation to this elite team of professionals who have made the NRSP-6 a highly respected premiere genebank throughout the potato world. - Whereas, Dr. John Bamberg and his staff hosted the 2004 meeting of the NRSP-6 in Sturgeon Bay, WI, June 29-30, 2004; and Whereas, the NRSP-6 staff arranged the excellent meeting facilities, refreshments and accommodations; and Whereas, the committee is most appreciative of the social and whitefish dinner arranged by the NRSP-6 staff; Therefore, be it resolved that the NRSP-6 TAC express sincere thanks to the staff for arranging a highly successful and productive meeting. - Whereas, NRSP-6 personnel prepared materials documenting seven years of progress in collecting, evaluating, distributing, and preserving potato germplasm; and Whereas, project leader John Bamberg and staff created and nurtured a forum conducive to open, objective exchange of ideas intended to enhance germplasm availability and utilization, and; Whereas members of the 2004 CSREES review team effectively used all aforementioned materials and available human resources in formulating steps assuring the continued success of NRSP-6 plans and aspirations; Therefore be it resolved that members of the NRSP-6 TAC express sincere appreciation to all persons present for their dedicated efforts in furthering potato germplasm usage. 11. Officers for coming year: Secretary: C. Miller Vice-Chair: W. De Jong Chair: D. Douches 12. Venue for 2005: Oregon, precise site TBA. A. Mosley hosting. Late June or early July. 13. Meeting adjourned 9:10 am, June 30. Tour of facilities followed.

PROGRESS AND PRINCIPAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS A. Introduction of New Stocks Dr. Bamberg and Charles Fernandez (US Potato Genebank) had a successful expedition to the southwest United States and obtained four new accessions of Solanum jamesii. They explored the Northwest corner of Arizona and found the first potato germplasm from Mojave County, two new collections at previous herbarium record sites near Flagstaff, and a new site on the south rim of the Grand Canyon. A total of 13 accessions were assigned PI numbers in 2003: two from Sweden, one from Poland, one from Mexico, five from the United Kingdom, and four from the SW United States. These accessions are now available from the NRSP-6 Solanum germplasm collection. Several steps were taken in the past year to promote and educate researchers of NRSP-6s services and stocks. The NRSP-6 web page (http://www.ars-grin.gov/nr6) has been updated and made more user friendly. Clientele that have ordered from NRSP-6 in the past four years are contacted biannually informing them of new materials that are now available either as true seed, tubers, in vitro plantlets, or herbarium samples. An NRSP-6 informational poster was presented at the PAA and CSSA meetings. A new trifold pamphlet was printed for distribution to school and tour groups and is available on the web page. B. Preservation and Increase of Stocks In 2003, a total of 124 accessions were increased as botanical seed populations. A total of 900 potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) tests were performed on seed increase parents, seedlots and research materials. Germination tests were performed on 1,437 accessions, ploidy determinations were made on 51 accessions, and tetrazolium seed viability tests were done on 101 seedlots. Tetrazolium testing is a new tool to help increase understanding of poor germination on some seedlots. Investigations continue on low germ seedlots, trying different heat treatments and longer GA presoak. A project with NSSL on long-term potato seed viability in different storage systems and methods of prestorage handling was started. The Association of Potato Intergenebank Collaborators (APIC) (visit the APIC database at www.potgenebank.org/ipd/) have several cooperative research projects planned: a graduate student working on an in-situ pollen study at CIP (The International Potato Center), a recessive allele mining study for nematode resistance in S. andigena with Russian (VIR) colleagues, and a completed publication of the screening S. andigena for new sources of nematode resistance in collaboration with Dr. S. Kiru (VIR). Dr. A. Del Rio attended the APIC meeting in Valdivia, Chile in March 2004. Publications of collections and documentation of stocks play an important role in information dissemination. 2003 had two publications of significant importance to the Genebank: Wild Potatoes (Solanum section Petota) of North and Central America, Spooner et al. and A decade of collecting and research on wild potatoes of the Southwest USA, Bamberg et al. Work continued with Dr. C. Millers lab screening for antioxidants in uncolored wild potato species tubers. Previous screening among species identified ones with promising levels of tuber antioxidant capacity. Some diploid Mexican species seem to have high antioxidants in common: S. cardiophyllum, S. jamesii, and S. pinnatisectum. Continued fine screening is discovering high levels of antioxidants in species that are crossable to tuberosum and known to have acceptable levels of glycoalkaloids. Screening the minicore collection for the ability to stop or reduce the growth of tumors of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. From a literature search on anti-cancer foods there is evidence that some potato varieties have high levels of proteinase inhibitors known to help in the fight against some forms of cancer. Cold resistant breeding work continues with recurrent selection of S. tuberosum, S. acaule and S. commersonii hybrids. S. commersonii cytoplasm was eliminated as a source of frost resistance in cytoplasmic substitution backcross families. Materials are now maturing earlier with the introgression of very early varieties and which survive in vitro leaf freezing to 5oC. These samples were tested in the Biotron at Madison using the relative freezing tolerance (RFT) method. The results closely correlate the in vitro leaf-freezing assay. Screening the S. andigena population (170 accessions) for Jelly End with cooperator Dr. Asunta Tompson at North Dakota. Twelve plants per accession were planted in the screenhouse for tuber production, and a parallel planting was done in ND. The screenhouse tubers are planted in Weslaco, TX and will be evaluated in June. High glycoalkaloid levels in the leaves correlates to insect resistance and low levels in the tubers makes them palatable. Continued screening and recurrent selection within accessions for high foliage and low tuber glycoalkaloid levels and generated another cycle of tissue for testing in 2004. A publication entitled The Association of Ecogeographic Parameters and Genetic Diversity in S. verrucosum was completed. Geographical parameters and proximity to related species predict genetic variation in the inbred potato species Solanum verrucosum. Such links had not been previously detected in S. fendleri, S. jamesii or S. sucrense. Resolution and fine-tuning to locations may be enhanced by inbreeding and uniformity. The highest correlations to genetic rarity (a populations average genetic difference from all others) were latitude, longitude and proximity to the nearest S. hjertingii population. It is habit to select the largest seedlings when transplanting. Does this practice unknowingly cause genetic drift? A comparison of the genetics of small and large seedlings from original seedlots to detect potential selection in the genebank at transplanting was initiated. Several interesting mutants were discovered in the collection this past year that are now being crossed for genetic studies. S. fendleri, typically a purple flowered plant with purple highlights, was found pigmentless. A S. microdontum mutant has a fused sepal. Lucky (S. juzepczukii), a Bolivian variety, had a spontaneous clonal dwarf. C. Classification Dr. Spooner et al. have published Wild Potatoes (Solanum section Petota) of North and Central America. Dr. Spooner continues to resolve problems in taxonomic classification that impede both efficient documentation and use of the germplasm. At present he is working on a use-based classification of varieties. D. Distribution NRSP-6 distributed 8,700 units of seed, 63 tuber families, 943 in vitro stocks, and 153 herbarium samples to clientele in 24 states of the United States and 13 other countries. Internally, NRSP-6 used 2,833 units of seed for chromosome counts, germination tests, identification and taxonomic check plantings, in vitro maintenance, seed increases, PSTV tests, and miscellaneous plantings. The volume and types of stocks sent to various consignee categories are summarized in the table below. Anticipated Accomplishments WORK PLANNED FOR 2004 Evaluation experiments will be continued on Solanum species for the following traits: antioxidants, frost hardiness, rooting vigor, tuber calcium, late blight resistance, hormone mutants, proteinase inhibitors, and glycoalkaloids. Continuing high quality service with respect to introduction, preservation, classification, evaluation, and distribution of potato germplasm to clients in the U.S. and around the world will pursue the general objective of NRSP-6, to promote and facilitate potato research and breeding. APIC Intergenebank projects researching the status and dynamics of genetic diversity in the collection using RAPDs and strengthening ties with sister genebanks around the world will be continued

A. Publications issued by NRSP-6 Personnel Bamberg, J.B. and A. del Rio. 2003. Hypothetical obscured recessive traits in tetraploid Solanum estimated by RAPDs. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 78. (Abstract) Bamberg, J.B. and A.H. del Rio. 2003. Vulnerability of alleles in the US Potato Genebank extrapolated from RAPDs. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:79-85. Bamberg, J.B., A.H. del Rio, Z. Huaman, S. Vega, M. Martin, A. Salas, J. Pavek, S. Kiru, C. Fernandez, and D.M. Spooner. 2003. A decade of collecting and research on wild potatoes of the Southwest USA. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:159-172. del Rio, A. and J.B. Bamberg. 2003. The effect of genebank seed increase on the genetics of recently collected potato (Solanum) germplasm. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:215-218. del Rio, A. and J.B. Bamberg. 2003. Geographical parameters and proximity to related species predict genetic variation in the inbred potato species Solanum verrucosum Schlechtd. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 51. (Abstract) Hijmans, R.J., M. Jacobs, J.B. Bamberg, and D.M. Spooner. 2003. Frost tolerance in wild potato species: Assessing the predictivity of taxonomic, geographic, and ecological factors. Euphytica 130:47-59. Lara-Cabrera, Sabina and David M. Spooner. 2003. Taxonomy of North and Central American diploid wild potato (Solanum sect. Petota, Solanaceae) species: AFLP data. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 51. (Abstract) Moreyra, Rocio, J. Bamberg and A. del Rio. 2003. Genetic consequence of collecting tubers vs. seeds of wild potato species indigenous to the USA. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 50. (Abstract) Spooner, D.M., R.G. van den Berg, A. Rodriguez, J. Bamberg, R.J. Hijmans, and S.I. Lara-Cabrera. 2003. Wild potatoes (Solanum section Petota) of North and Central America. Syst. Bot. Monogr. Vega, S.E., A.H. del Rio, G. Jung, J.B. Bamberg, and J.P. Palta. 2003. Marker-assisted genetic analysis of non-acclimated freezing tolerance and cold acclimation capacity in a backcross Solanum population. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:359-369. B. Journal Articles and Abstracts Reporting Research with NRSP-6 Stocks Andrivon, Didier, Roselyne Corbiere, Jean-Marie Lucas, Claudine Pasco, Jean-Michel Gravoueille, Roland Pelle, Jean-Paul Dantec, and Daniel Ellisseche. 2003. Resistance to Late Blight and Soft Rot in six potato progenies and glycoalkaloid contents in the tubers. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:125-134. Babosha, A.V., V.V. Boiko and Z.R. Morozova. 2002. Effect of plant oligoadenylates on viral infection and antistress and growth-regulating properties in potato plants grown in vitro. Russian J. Plant Physio. 49(3):399-405. Bakker, E., P. Butterbach, J.R. van der Voort, E. van der Vossen, J. van Vliet, J. Bakker, and A. Goverse. 2003. Genetic and physical mapping of homologues of the virus resistance gene Rx1 and the cyst nematode resistance gene Gpa2 in potato. Theor. Applied Genetics 106(8):1524-1531. Barta, E., A. Pintar and S. Pongor. 2002. Repeats with variations: accelerated evolution of the Pin2 family of proteinase inhibitors. Trends in Genetics 18(12):600-603. Berthou, F., A. Kouassi, M. Bossis, J.P. Dantec, M. Eddaoudi, Z. Ferji, R. Pelle, M. Tachzouti, D. Ellisseche, and D. Mugniery. 2003. Enhancing the resistance of the potato to Southern Root-knot Nematodes by using Solanum sparsipilum germplasm. Euphytica 132(1):57-65. Bolvaran, Sonia and C.A. Thill. 2003. Selection for resistance to late blight from early generations in a breeding program. University of Minnesota, Department of Horticultural Science. Proc. Of the 33rd Annual Meeting, NCR-84 Potato Breeding and Genetics Technical Committee Feb. 3-4, 2003, East Lansing, MI. Bradeen, J.M., S.K. Naess, J. Song, G.T. Haberlach, S.M. Wielgus, C.R. Buell, J. Jiang, and J.P. Helgeson. 2003. Concomitant reiterative BAC walking and fine genetic mapping enable physical map development for the broad-spectrum late blight resistance region, RB. Mol. Genet. Genom. 269(5):603-611. Buso, J.A., F.A.S. Aragao, F.J.B. Reifschneider, L.S. Boiteux, and S.J. Peloquin. 2002. Assessment under short-day conditions of genetic materials derived from three potato breeding strategies: 4x-4x (intra- Tuberosum), 4x-2x (FDR 2n-pollen), and 4x-4x (diplandrous tetraploid). Euphytica 126(3):437-446. Buso, J.A., L.S. Boiteux and S.J. Peloquin. 2003. Tuber yield and quality of 4x-2x (FDR) potato progenies derived from the wild diploid species Solanum berthaultii and Solanum tarijense. Plant Breeding 122(3):229-232. Cantle, S.E. and G. Wang-Pruski. 2003. Identification of cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and its relationship to after-cooking darkening. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 34. (Abstract) Caromel, B., D. Mugniery, V. Lefebvre, S. Andrzejewski, D. Ellisseche, M.C. Kerlan, P. Rousselle, and F. Rousselle-Bourgeois. 2003. Mapping QTLs for resistance against Globodera pallida (Stone) Pa2/3 in a diploid potato progeny originating from Solanum spegazzinii. Theor. Applied Genetics 106(8):1517-1523. Carputo, D. 2003. Cytological and breeding behavior of pentaploids derived from 3x x 4x crosses in potato. Theor. Applied Genetics 106(5):883-888. Carputo, D., A. Barone, F. Consiglio, M. Ercolano, A. Sebastiano, and L. Frusciante. 2000. Evaluation of tetraploid and diploid potato genotypes suitable for true seed (TPS) production and use. Annali della Facolta di Agraria della Universita degli Studi di Napoli-Federico II, Portici 34:7-14, Napoli, Italy. Carputo, D., L. Frusciante and S.J. Peloquin. 2003. The role of 2n gametes and endosperm balance number in the origin and evolution of polyploids in the tuber-bearing Solanums. Genetics 163(1):287-294. Carputo, D., M. Parisi, F. Consiglio, M. Iovene, G. Caruso, L. Monti, and L. Frusciante. 2003. Aneuploid hybrids from 5x - 4x crosses in potato: chromosome number, fertility, morphology and yield. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:93-101. Chen, Q., L.M. Kawchuk, D.R. Lynch, M.S. Goettel, and D.K. Fujimoto. 2003. Identification of late blight, Colorado potato beetle, and blackleg resistance in three Mexican and two South American wild 2x (1EBN) Solanum species. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:9-19. Coombs, J., D. Douches, S. Cooper, E. Grafius, and W. Pett. 2003. No-choice cage study of glandular trichomes, glycoalkaloids and Bt-Cry3A potato resistance mechanisms for control of Colorado potato beetle. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 58. (Abstract) Cotes, J.J., C.E. Nustez, R. Martinez, and N. Estrada. 2000. Analysis of genotype by environment interaction in potato (Solanum tuberosum spp. andigena) by a non-parametric methodology. Agronomia Colombiana 17(1/3):43-48. Daniele, E., J. Dommes and J.F. Hausman. 2003. Carbohydrates and resistance to Phytophthora infestans in potato plants. Acta Physio. Plant. 25(2):171-178. DeJong, W., D.M. DeJong and M. Bodis. 2003. An approach to measure allele dosage in autotetraploid potato. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 61. (Abstract) Dinu, I.I. and C.A. Thill. 2003. Endosperm and embryo development in interspecific incompatible Solanum crosses. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 46. (Abstract) Dinu, I.I. and C.A. Thill. 2003. Introgression of wild Solanum species germplasm into cultivated potato gene pool using EBN manipulation and sexual crosses. Proc. Of the 33rd Annual Meeting, NCR-84 Potato Breeding and Genetics Technical Committee Feb. 3-4, 2003, East Lansing, MI. Douches, D., K. Felcher, J. Coombs, and W. Kirk. 2003. Field evaluation of foliar resistance to Phytophthora infestans in potato. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 51. (Abstract) Douches, D.S., J. Coombs, K. Jastrzebski, R. Hammerschmidt, W.W. Kirk, C. Long, R.W. Chase, and S. Snapp. 2003. Boulder: A round white multipurpose potato variety. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:345-352. Esplin, D.L. and C.A. Thill. 2003. Selection for cold chipping genotypes in populations derived by sexual polyploidization. Am. J. Potato Res. In press. (Abstract) Esplin, Dave L. and C.A. Thill. 2003. Selection efficiency for cold chipping potato genotypes in three populations developed via sexual polyploidization. Proc. Of the 33rd Annual Meeting, NCR-84 Potato Breeding and Genetics Technical Committee Feb. 3-4, 2003, East Lansing, MI. Evers, D., M. Ghislain, J.F. Hausman, and J. Dommes. 2003. Differential gene expression in two potato lines differing in their resistance to Phytophthora infestans. J. Plant Physiology 160(6):709-712. Ewing, E.E., I. Simko, E.A. Omer, and P.J. Davies. 2003. Polygene mapping as a tool to study the physiology of tuberization and dormancy. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 27. (Abstract) Fischer, L., A. Lovas, Z. Opatrny, and Z. Banfalvi. 2002. Structure and expression of a hybrid proline-rich protein gene in the Solanaceous species, Solanum brevidens, Solanum tuberosum, and Lycopersicum esculentum. J. Plant Physiology 159(11):1271-1275. Flier, W.G., N.J. Grunwald, L.P.N.M. Kroon, A.K. Sturbaum, T.B.M. van den Bosch, E. Garay-Serrano, H. Lozoya-Saldana, W.E. Fry, and L.J. Turkensteen. 2003. The population structure of Phytophthora infestans from the Toluca Valley of Central Mexico suggests genetic differentiation between populations from cultivated potato and wild Solanum spp. Phytopathology 93(4):382-390. Frost, K.E., D.I. Rouse and S.H. Jansky. 2003. Introduction of Verticillium wilt (Vw) resistance into advanced clones via 2x x 4x and 4x x 2x crosses between (2x) S. tuberosum  wild species hybrids and (4x) potato. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 78. (Abstract) Gao Gang, Qu DongYu, Lian Yong, Jin LiPing, and Feng LanXiang. 2002. A RAPD marker linked to the potato resistance to bacterial wilt. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica 32(3):267-271. Gillen, A.M. and R. Novy. 2003. Development of molecular markers for introgression of viral resistance genes from Solanum etuberosum. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 54. (Abstract) Gopal, Jai, Vinod Kumar and S.S. Thakur. 2001. Evaluation of potato germplasm for characters important in true potato seed production. In: National symposium on sustainability of potato revolution in India, Shimla, India, July 31, 200l. (Eds: S.M.P. Khurana, S.K. Pandey). J. Indian Potato Assn. 28(1):11-12. Grunwald, N.J., M.A. Cadena Hinojosa, O. Rubio Covarrubias, A. Rivera Pena, H. Lozoya-Saldana, C.R. Brown, and W.E. Fry. 2003. Resistance in Mexican potato germplasm to late blight is high and durable. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 77. (Abstract) Hane, D.C., A.R. Mosley, S.R. James, K.A. Rykbost, C.C. Shock, S.L. Love, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, R.E. Thornton, B.A. Charlton, E.P. Eldredge, and S. Yilma. 2003. Wallowa Russet: A full season long russet for processing and fresh market. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:289-294. Hannapel, D.J., H. Chen, F.M. Rosin, A. Banerjee, and P.J. Davies. 2003. Molecular controls of tuberization. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 26. (Abstract) Hayes, R.J. and C.A. Thill. 2003. Genetic gain from early generation selection for cold chipping genotypes in potato. Plant Breeding 122:158-163. Hayes, R.J. and C.A. Thill. 2003. Selection for late blight tuber resistance within foliar resistant genotypes. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 52. (Abstract) Hayes, Ryan J. and C.A. Thill. 2003. Yield, specific gravity and tuber appearance of cold chipping genotypes from 2x x 4x, 4x x 2x, and 4x x 4x crosses using F2 cultivated potato  wild potato species hybrids and elite 4x x 4x crosses. Proc. Of the 33rd Annual Meeting, NCR-84 Potato Breeding and Genetics Technical Committee Feb. 3-4, 2003, East Lansing, MI. Haynes, K.G., R.W. Goth, D.H. Lambert, and B.J. Christ. 2003. Late blight resistance in a tetraploid potato population with horizontal resistance. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 77. (Abstract) Hosaka, K. 2003. T-type chloroplast DNA in Solanum tuberosum L. ssp. tuberosum was conferred from some populations of S. tarijense Hawkes. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:21-32. Iovene, M., L. Frusciante and D. Carputo. 2002. Shoot regeneration and chromosome doubling in accessions of 2x(1EBN) and 4x(2EBN) wild Solanum species. J. Genet. Breeding 56(2):99-105. Jansky, S.H. and D.I. Rouse. 2003. Multiple disease resistance in potato interspecific hybrids. Plant Disease 87:266-272. Jansky, S.H., D.I. Rouse, E. Mauritz, and J. Clark. 2003. Disease resistance in potato haploids. Acta Horticulturae. In press. Jansky, Shelley, P.J. Kauth and D.I. Rouse. 2003. Inheritance of resistance to potato early dying disease in diploid interspecific hybrids. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 50. (Abstract) Johnson, A.A.T. and R.E. Veilleux. 2003. Integration of transgenes into sexual polyploidization schemes for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Euphytica 133:125-138. Johnson, A.A.T., B.A. Nault and R.E Veilleux. 2003. 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