Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The annual meeting was held January 2-4, 2006 at the Desert Research Institute near Las Vegas, NV.The meeting was called to order by Mart Oostrom at 8:00 am on Monday January 2, 2006. CSREES representative Ray Knighton presented his agency report and announced current RFP's. The committee elected a new secretary Thomas Harter of UC Davis. The remainder of the sessions were devoted to rersearch presentations by the participants and a lengthy discussion of what models are appropriate for studies at the watershed scale. Details of the minutes as well as the complete annual report may be found on the W1188 website at http://www.soilsci.ndsu.nodak.edu/W188/W-188.html

Objective 1: To develop an improved understanding of the fundamental soil physical properties and processes governing mass and energy transport and the biogeochemical interactions these mediate. Researchers from Washington State University (WSU) focused on (1) elucidating mechanisms of colloid fate and transport in unsaturated porous media, (2) colloid-facilitated contaminant transport, and (3) sorption of the radionuclide Cs on mineral surfaces. They completed studies on colloidal stability in vadose zone pore waters and colloid-facilitated Cs transport under unsaturated flow conditions. WSU researchers also conducted a study focusing on detailed field monitoring and WEPP modeling of runoff and erosion under two drastically different management practices at the PCFS near Pullman, WA, over the 20032004 winter season . Two main mechanisms causing runoff and erosion were observed in the field. First, runoff and erosion may result solely from soil thawing and snowmelt. Second, when rain fell on a snow-covered frozen ground, runoff would start as a consequence of the rain input and snowmelt. We determined relative mineral labilities under alkaline conditions representative for Hanford tank farm leaks. Cs sorption experiments on micaceous clays as affected by rhizosphere processes showed that bacterial exudates can enhance Cs desorption from minerals and alter Cs availability. WSU results have revealed important processes in colloid and colloid-facilitated contaminant transport, namely preferential colloid attachment to solid-water interfaces near the gas-solid-water interface and contaminant stripping from colloidal carriers. We have also demonstrated that over long time scales of months to years, colloidal suspensions in the vadose zone are likely not stable. At North Dakota State University, field and laboratory experiments included identification of fate, mobility, occurrence and persistence of bioactive chemicals. 17²-Estradiol and its primary metabolite estrone were evaluated to identify the dynamic processes of fate and transport as 17²-estradiol undergoes transformations in the soil. First, 17²-estradiol was continuously applied to a soil column and effluent was collected from the water moving through and out of the column. The metabolism of 17²-estradiol was identified as well as its simultaneous transformation. Second, a series of incubation studies were done to identify the degradation process of 17²-estradiol and whether it is an aerobic and/or aerobic process and whether microorganisms govern it. 17²-estradiol were only degraded under aerobic conditions and only by microorganisms. A series of soil sorption and column transport experiments were also done using non-toxic dioxins isomers of the most toxic dioxin, 2378-TCDD. TCDD dioxins were strongly bound to the soil, but their transport was possibly facilitated by colloidal transport. Lastly, a field plot study was done where manure was applied to three different plots where lysimeters were installed (60 cm below the surface) which were compared to a control. In all the lysimeter there were relatively high levels of 17²-estradiol detected in the leachate collected by the lysimeter and that there concentrations persisted throughout the collection period. These results did not agree with laboratory results, where it was expected there would be little or no mobility and very high metabolism rates. USU contribution to W1188 included an ongoing NASA-funded flight experiment focused on basic soil physics principles in reduced gravity. A flight experiment is scheduled to launch to the International Space Station in the summer of 2006. Second, part of an Inland Northwest Research Alliance (INRA)-funded Ph.D. fellowship project evaluated electromagnetic induction sensor performance. Third, ongoing work is underway for development of a field-scalewater content mapping system. NASAs Advanced Life Support (ALS) program anticipates plant growth as part of any long-term, bio-regenerative, life-support system in microgravity (e.g. ISS, Lunar or Mars mission). In order to insure reliable plant-growth, the porous-media rooting environment needs to be well controlled and monitored to support plant growth under the intense energy, mass, and volume constraints of space flight. Limited, costly and infrequent opportunities for long-duration experiments on orbit and the cost and limitations of short-term microgravity (¼g) opportunities on earth have limited progress toward quantifying unsaturated hydraulic properties of porous media under reduced gravity conditions. Scientists at the USDA-ARS National Soil Tilth Laboratory and Iowa State University developed methodology for predicting thermal conductivity at low water contents. They hypothesized that the addition of small amounts of water to a dry soil increases thermal conductivity by increasing the contact between mineral grains. University of Iowa and Minnesota scientists performed studies of coupled heat and water transfer in unsaturated soil for a series of conditions including 2 soils, 2 water contents, 3 mean temperatures, 3 constant imposed temperature gradients, and 3 oscillating temperature gradients. Thermo-TDR sensors (combined heat-pulse and TDR) were installed within closed soil cells for observing transient temperature and moisture conditions throughout the experiments. Boundary temperature gradients were applied using programmable water baths and heat exchangers. Temperature conditions approaching steady state were achieved within 4-5 days. The nondestructive techniques used in these experiments allow new insights into coupled heat and water movement with repeated and transient measurements of moisture and temperature for a given volume of soil under a variety of conditions. Preliminary work has been conducted to measure thermal and hydraulic properties of hydrophobic soil materials for the next series of experiments. Results indicate increasing water redistribution with increasing mean temperature and temperature gradient. Little thermally driven water redistribution was observed for sand at high water contents. The results will provide a comprehensive data set suitable for testing and developing coupled heat and water flow models. In the arid west, turfgrass is an intensively managed biota due to the high visual quality requirement. The high nitrogen (N) fertilizer inputs in golf-course turfgrass have raised some concerns regarding the potential for nitrate to leach into groundwater. A University of California Riverside study was conducted to investigate the amount of nitrate leaching on an overseeded bermudagrass fairway during the cool and warm season. consisting of 5 metal cylinders. Results showed that nitrate concentration and mass of the leachate in the the volume (R3-1) of leachate was collected from lysimeter assemblies each sand was lower than in the sandy loam. The difference was attributed to N immobilization through plant uptake and clipping removal since both clipping yield in the early stage and the root density after the completion of the 3-yr experiment in the sand were significantly higher than in the sandy loam. The leaching volume was greater in the sand than in the sandy loam that followed the same irrigation management practices due to the higher water holding capacity of the latter. It was further shown that the average nitrate concentration of the leachate was lower than that of the irrigation water in 5 out of the 6 seasons, implying that if the turfgrass is properly managed, it may provide an opportunity to mitigate nitrate loading to surface and ground waters, even when N application rate is high. In other work at Riverside, degradation of four commonly used pesticides diazinon, chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, and pendimethalin in waters from two nursery recycling ponds were investigated at an initial pesticide concentration of 50 ¼g/L. Results showed the persistence of diazinon and chlorpyrifos appeared to be prolonged in recycling pond waters as compared to surface stream waters, possibly due to decreased contribution from biotic transformation, while degradation of chlorothalonil and pendimethalin was enhanced. Activation energies of biotic degradation of all four pesticides were lower than abiotic degradation, indicating microbial transformation was less affected by temperature than chemical transformation. Overall, the pesticide degradation capacity of recycling ponds was better buffered against temperature changes than in surface stream waters. The University of Idaho contribution in 2005 were primary focused on development and improvement of understanding of the fundamental soil physical properties and processes governing mass and energy transport, and development and evaluation of instrumentation and methods of analysis for characterizing mass and energy transport in soils at different scales. We continued studies on hydraulic and swelling properties of clays. To gain better understanding regarding initiation and evolution of surface crack networks in active clay soils we performed well controlled dehydration experiments in conjunction with X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT) observations. A collaborative project with the University of Connecticut yielded an analytical model for prediction of seepage into subsurface tunnels and cavities. In addition we concluded a collaborative NASA project (USU, UConn, UI, KSU, USRA, and NCSER) on liquid behavior in porous media under reduced gravity conditions. Oregon State University activities focused on elucidating the mechanisms that govern the movement of liquid and solutes when cracks are present in a soil profile. In 2005 we completed the first stage toward the development of a numerical model to simulate water and solute redistribution within a soil profile with cracks. The model investigated the effect of the crack on (1) evaporative flux from the profile, (2) salt flux and salt accumulation towards the crack surface, and (3) the effect of crack presence on net downward flux of solute through the vadose zone. As part of this project we proposed a mechanism for enhanced evaporation consisting of thermally driven nighttime convective venting of the fractures. Convective venting leads to evaporative fluxes that can be far greater than those driven by diffusive venting. This project has brought to light a very important mechanism of evaporation that has not calculations of land-atmospheric water fluxes, or for the impact this has on salt redistribution and transport within the vadose zone. The project has further developed a strong infrastructure of expertise and tools, which provides a solid foundation for future theoretical, numerical, laboratory and field investigations. OBJECTIVE 2: To develop and evaluate instrumentation and methods of analysis for characterizing mass and energy transport in soils at different scales Washington State University tested fiberglass wicks for their suitability to sample colloids from vadose zone pore water. It has been possible so far to coat silica sand with aluminum and iron oxides and humic acid, but no method for clay coating was available. Our methodology allows the generation of a clay-based porous matrix, with hydraulic properties that can be varied by adjusting the grain size of the inert silica support. Impact: Our efforts on testing fiberglass wicks for colloid sampling provide the first systematic data on colloid sampling from vadose zone pore water. In situ colloid sampling in the subsurface is a challenging, but important, endeavor. Good and reliable tools are needed to assess colloid transport in situ. The technique developed to coat silica sand with aluminosilicate clays provides the tool to conduct dynamic flow experiments with clays, something that has not been possible before, because clays have such a low hydraulic permeability. Cal State Fresno University developed a transparent permeameter was designed and constructed for fast measurement of saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks. This device allows direct reading of water levels from the side of the tank, quick start/stop of batch measurements, and individual uses of the cells in a small tank or glass beak. Impact: This new design and construction of permeameter provide convenient and fast measurement of saturated hydraulic conductivity which is one of the most often needed parameters for characterizing water flow and contaminant transport in variably saturated soils and other porous media. North Dakota State developed a method for predicting field-scale transport was developed and evaluated An in situ method was used to estimate field soil preferential flow properties for a surface soil. These preferential flow soil properties were then used to calibrate a mechanistic-stochastic stream tube model to predict field-scale solute transport. To evaluate this prediction, a field-scale leaching study was done and solute redistribution was monitored over a period of nearly 40 days. This method reasonably predicted the field-scale transport over this time period. Utah State University conducted a study to determine the effect of variable temperature environments on instrumental drift as well as to compare the bulk soil electrical conductivity (ECa)  depth relationship between the DUALEM 1-S and Geonics EM38-DD instruments. Soil mapping in water sheds using electromagnetic induction for electrical conductivity measurements was also explored as a means of characterizing soil properties. Measurements are related to soil texture and other properties of interest from distributed sampling. A vertical 2m deep by 1x1m instrumented plot was established with TDR probes and thermocouples for characterization of the vertical profile measurement character of the EMI instrument. The instrument comparison paper will provide users with valuable information regarding instrument and environmental factors affecting measurement quality. Ongoing work is utilizing EMI measurements for determination of texture and other soil properties. University of Arizona reports from last year were published. Included were the affect of variations in waterheads on infiltration in borders and basins and predominantly vertical flow through a spherical inclusion using the analytic element method. Also published were results for effective unsaturated hydraulic conductivity through a repeating, 1-D layered system. Objective 3: To develop and evaluate scale-appropriate methodologies for the management of soil and water resources. WSU conducted a study to investigate the effects of digital elevation models (DEMs) on deriving topographic and hydrologic attributes, and on predicting watershed erosion using WEPP v2005. A 3D-distributed watershed model was developed to simulate catchment-scale hydrological process like runoff, infiltration, plant water uptake, and discharge. The model directly interfaces with GIS data. We tested the model by comparing: (a) simulated and observed soil water contents for a laboratory experiment on one-dimensional infiltration in a soil slab, (b) simulated and observed soil water contents for a field experiment with one-dimensional flow, and (c) three-dimensional simulated and observed stream flow data for a 0.75-km2 hilly catchment in Central Italy. Cal State Fresno conducted a preliminary study to develop a Sequentially Activated Micro-Flood Irrigation System (SAMFIS). The practical purpose is to reduce agricultural runoff and deep percolation for ecosystem restoration in Central Valley and the Bay-Delta area of California. Irrigation efficiency can be significantly improved if control of water flow is engineered into the system and not left to human control, such as in the center pivot sprinkler systems. Flood irrigation mechanization has met with limited success, partly due to the complex physics involved in predicting the simultaneous surface sheet flow and unsteady infiltration in the soil, and balancing hydraulic parameters and the volume of runoff and deep percolation. We attempted to incorporate a computer program for surface irrigation simulation and design with innovative water delivery system that results in an automated surface irrigation system in which a low cost Sequential Irrigation Valve (SIV) will be used as the critical water-flow control device. The new concept of surface irrigation will result in a scientifically designed and technically programmed system that can be achieved without changing the existing field layouts and without arbitrary human intervention. University of California Riverside developed a new comprehensive simulation tool HP1 (HYDRUS1D-PHREEQC) that was obtained by coupling the HYDRUS-1D one-dimensional variably-saturated water flow and solute transport model with the PHREEQC geochemical code. The HP1 code incorporates modules simulating (1) transient water flow in variably-saturated media, (2) transport of multiple components, and (3) mixed equilibrium/kinetic geochemical reactions. The program numerically solves the Richards equation for variably-saturated water flow and advection-dispersion type equations for heat and solute transport. The program can simulate a broad range of low-temperature biogeochemical reactions in water, soil and ground water systems including interactions with minerals, gases, exchangers, and sorption surfaces, based on thermodynamic equilibrium, kinetics, or mixed equilibrium-kinetic reactions. We have released a new version 3.0 of HYDRUS-1D, a software package for simulating water, heat and solute movement in one-dimensional variably saturated media. The new features include a) flow equation that may consider dual-porosity-type flow with a fraction of water content being mobile, and fraction immobile, b) the transport equations that include provisions for kinetic attachment/detachment of solute to the solid phase and it can be thus used to simulate transport of viruses, colloids, or bacteria, c) modules for simulating carbon dioxide and major ion solute movement, d) new model of hysteresis, e) new analytical models for the soil hydraulic properties, and f) compensated root water uptake. North Dakota State University performed a statistical study to identify the interactions of nitrogen, weather, soil type, and irrigation on corn yield (Derby, 2005b). The significant interactions on yield were from nitrogen amounts and weather. Several zone delineation methods for precision management of nitrogen at the field scale were also compared (Franzen, 2005). Also, the six-year water quality history under irrigate corn production was reported (Derby, 2005a), where there was strong evidence for in-situ nitrate reduction as a result of denitrification. The statistical study on the interactions of various factors on corn yield can help to develop methods that conserve nutrient application. Potentially, in years that have poor growing weather, nutrient requirements can be adjusted so that maximum yields can be achieved while minimizing economic inputs. The zone management comparison study will lead to a more efficient use of nitrogen fertilizer and less environmental impacts from its use. Utah State University is continuing to develop and test TDR-based water content measurements in a mobile system that can be integrated with agricultural machinery to provide mapping of soil water content, temperature, bulk electrical conductivity and other key properties of field soils. The ability to obtain field scale water content distribution maps is an important goal for improving management of irrigated and rain-fed agriculture within watersheds as well as to rangeland and forestry. The goal is to develop field-scale water content and soil property mapping approaches using statistical models that lead to linkages between infield measurements and remotely sensed data for improved resource management. The automation and incorporation of this technology will facilitate improved monitoring and mapping of saline soils. Current research in Nevada is focusing on a multifaceted approach to investigating soil hydrology at a variety of scales, from the micron to the landscape. At the meso-scale, we have developed a modified evaporation experiment (Meadows et al., 2005c) to examine the hydraulic properties of individual soil peds. Significant variability (2 orders of magnitude) in hydraulic properties was shown to exist at the scale of tens of cm on older, well-developed desert pavements. Research from Nevada seeks to define effective hydraulic parameters for various large scale hydrologic processes in heterogeneous fields. The study of Zhu and Mohanty (2005a) investigated the effective hydraulic parameters for transient infiltration in terms of the optimal averaging schemes for the input fields of hydraulic and environmental parameters. The optimal effective p-norm derived for the random (input) parameters defines an optimal averaging scheme for the random input fields Nevada has also been examining whether an organic-based emulsion, used to stabilize environmental contaminants near the soil surface, may produce undesired impacts on local desert ecosystems The examination included potential hydrologic impacts as well as its impact on dust emission potential. The Encapco emulsion used in this study is a blend of organic esters, surfactants, water, and a proprietary chelating agent. The emulsion was tested on desert alluvial soils at the Yuma Proving Ground (YPG), Yuma, AZ, USA, and on controlled soil materials near Las Vegas, NV, USA. At YPG, triplicate tension infiltrometer measurements and rainfall simulation experiments were conducted to examine the temporal dynamics (~0 mo, 3 mo, 6 mo, 12 mo), dilution ratio (control, 4:1, 6:1), geomorphic effects (young vs. old soils), and surface disturbance (raked vs. natural) impact to the soils hydrologic properties. Results at YPG showed that the emulsion significantly reduced (~1 order of magnitude) the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil and decreased the time to ponding immediately following application. However, six months after treatment, few plots differed statistically from the pretreatment values, indicating a relatively short-lived hydrologic effect. Additional studies and details may be found in the complete annual report found on the W1188 website (see minutes).

Abdu, H., D.A. Robinson and S.B. Jones. 2005. A Complex Permittivity Model for a Coated Coaxial TDR Probe in Saline Solutions. Agronomy Abstracts, ASA, Madison, WI. Al-Jabri, S.A., J. Lee, A. Gaur, R. Horton, and D.B. Jaynes. 2006. A dripper-TDR method or in situ determination of hydraulic conductivity and chemical transport properties of surface soils. Adv. Water Resour. 29(2):239-249. Bahaminyakamwe, L., J. `imunek, J. Dane, J. F. Adams, and J. W. Odom, Copper mobility in soils as affected by sewage sludge and low molecular weight organic acids, Soil Sci., (in press). Beresnev, I. A., R. D. Vigil, W. Li, W. D. Pennington, R. M. Turpening, P. Iassonov, and R. P. Ewing. Elastic waves push organic fluids from reservoir rock. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32: L13303, 2005 Blonquist, J.M., S.B. Jones and D.A. Robinson. 2005. A Low Cost Time Domain Transmission Sensor with TDR Performance Characteristics for Determining Water Content in Soils. J. Hydrology 314:235-245. Blonquist, J.M., S.B. Jones, and D.A. Robinson. 2005. Standardizing Characterization of Electromagnetic Water Content Sensors: Part II. Evaluation of Seven Sensing Systems. Vadose Zone J. 4:1059-1069. Blonquist, J.M.Jr., S.B. Jones, and D.A. Robinson. 2005. Precise Irrigation Scheduling Using a Subsurface Electromagnetic Soil Moisture Sensor. Agronomy Abstracts, ASA, Madison, WI. 10 Boivin, A., J. `imunek, M. Schiavon and M. Th. van Genuchten, A comparison of pesticides transport processes in three contrasting field soils using Hydrus-2D, Vadose Zone Journal, (in press). Bradford, S. A., and M. Bettahar. 2005. Straining, attachment, and detachment, of Cryptosporidium oocysts in saturated porous media. Journal of Environmental Quality, 34, 469-478 (Log # 156114). Bradford, S. A., and M. Bettahar. 2006. Concentration dependent colloid transport in saturated porous media. Journal Contaminant Hydrology, 82:99-117. Bradford, S. A., J. `imunek, M. Bettahar, Yadata Tadassa, M. Th. van Genuchten, and S. R. Yates, Straining of Colloids at Textural Interfaces, Water Resources Research, 41, W10404, doi:10.1029/2004WR003675, 17 pp, 2005. Bradford, S. A., M. Th. van Genuchten, and J. Simunek. 2005. Modeling of colloid transport and deposition in porous media. Workshop on HYDRUS: Advanced modeling of water flow and solute transport in the vadose zone, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, October 17-19, pp. 1-5. Bradford, S. A., Y. F. Tadassa, and Y. Pachepsky. 2006. Transport of Giardia and manure suspensions in saturated porous media. Journal of Environmental Quality, In Press. Caldwell, T.G., E.V. McDonald, and M.H. Young, 2005b. Soil water balance, seedbed microclimate, and the revegetation of arid lands in the Mojave Desert, In, The Mojave Desert: Ecosystem Processes and Sustainability, (Eds) R.H. Webb, L.F. Fenstermaker, J.S. Heaton, D.L. Hughson, E.V. McDonald, D.M. Miller, Submitted. Caldwell, T.G., E.V. McDonald, and M.H. Young. 2005c. Soil disturbance and hydrologic response at the National Training Center, Ft. Irwin, California, J. Arid Environs., revised. Caldwell, T.G., E.V. McDonald, and T. Bullard. 2005a. Linking Soils, Landscape and Geomorphology: Catalina Island, CA. Oak Researchers Workshop, Long Beach CA, March 22. Casey, F. X. M., J. `imunek, J. Lee, G. L. Larsen, and H. Hakk, Sorption, mobility, and transformation of estrogenic hormones in natural soil, J. of Environ. Quality, 34, 1372- 1379, 2005. Casey, F.X.M., J. Lee, and S. J. 2005. Sorption, Mobility, and Transformation of Estrogenic Hormones in Natural Soil. J. Envrion. Qual. 34:1372-1379. Chaplot, V.; A. Saleh, and D.B. Jaynes. 2005. Effect of the accuracy of spatial rainfall information on the modeling of water, sediment, and NO3-N loads at the watershed level. J.Hyrol. 312(1-4): 223-234. Chen, G. and Flury, M., 2005. Retention of mineral colloids in unsaturated porous media as related to their surface properties. Colloids Surf. Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 256: 207- 216. Chen, G., Flury, M., Harsh, J. B. and Lichtner, P. C., 2005. Colloid-facilitated transport of cesium in variably-saturated Hanford sediments. Environ. Sci. Technol., 39: 3435-3442. Chen, L. and M.H. Young. 2005. Green-Ampt model for sloping surfaces. Water Resour. Res. Under revision. Coquet, Y., C. Coutadeur, C. Labat, P. Vachier, M. Th. van Genuchten, J. Roger-Estrade, and J. `imunek, Water and solute transport in a cultivated silt loam soil: 1. Field Observations, Vadose Zone Journal, 4, 573-586, 2005. Coquet, Y., J. `imunek, and J. Roger-Estrade, Modelling the effects of soil tillage on water and solute transport: the HYDRUS-2D/SISOL coupling, In: S. Torkzaban and S. M. 11 Hassanizadeh (eds.), Proc. of Workshop on HYDRUS Applications, October 19, 2005, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, ISBN 90-39341125, 78-81, 2005. Coquet, Y., J. `imunek, C. Coutadeur, M. Th. van Genuchten, V. Pot, and J. Roger-Estrade, Water and solute transport in a cultivated silt loam soil: 2. Numerical analyses, Vadose Zone Journal, 4, 587-601, 2005. Czigany, S., Flury, M. and Harsh, J. B., 2005a. Colloid stability in vadose zone Hanford sediments. Environ. Sci. Technol., 39: 1506-1512. Czigany, S., Flury, M., Harsh, J. B., Williams, B. C. and Shira, J. M., 2005b. Suitability of fiberglass wicks to sample colloids from vadose zone pore water. Vadose Zone J., 4: 175- 183. Das, B. S., J. M. Wraith, G. J. Kluitenberg, H. M. Langner, P. J. Shouse, and W. P. Inskeep. 2005. Evaluation of mass recovery impacts on transport parameters using least-squares optimization and moment analysis. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 69:1209-1216. Decker, D. L., Ch. Papelis, S. W. Tyler, M. Logsdon, and J. `imunek, Arsenate and arsenite sorption on carbonate hosted precious metals ore, Vadose Zone Journal, (in press). Decker, D. L., J. `imunek, S. W. Tyler, Ch. Papelis, and M. Logsdon, Variably saturated reactive transport of arsenic in heap leach facilities, Vadose Zone Journal, (in press). Derby, N.E., and Casey, F.X.M. 2005a. Six-Year Water Quality History under Irrigated Corn Production. In Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. Derby, N.E., Steele, D.D., Terpstra, J., Knighton, R.E. and Casey, F.X.M. 2005b. Nitrogen, Weather, Soil and Irrigation Effects and Interactions on Corn Yield. Agron. J. 97:1342- 1351. Du, B., A. Saleh, D.B. Jaynes, and J.G. Arnold. 2005. Evaluation of SWAT in simulating atrazine losses in stream discharge for Walnut Creek watershed (Iowa) [CD-ROM]. Watershed Management Conf. Proc. Atlanta, Georgia. Du, B., J.G. Arnold, A. Saleh, and D.B. Jaynes. 2005. Development and application of SWAT to landscapes with tiles and potholes. Trans. ASAE 48(3):1-13. Evett, S.R. 2005. International Soil Moisture Sensor Comparison. In Irrigation Insights No. 1, Second Edition, SOIL WATER MONITORING, P. Charlesworth (ed.). Land & Water Australia, Braddon, Australia. Pp. 68-71. (Chapter)Evett, S.R., Howell, T.A. and Tolk, J.A. 2005b. Time domain reflectometry calibration in terms of travel time, bulk electrical conductivity, and effective frequency. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings (November 6-10, 2005) (Abstract) Evett, S.R. and Parkin, G.W. 2005. Advances in Soil Water Content Sensing: The Continuing Maturation of Technology and Theory. Vadose Zone J 2005 4: 986-991. Special Section: Soil Water Sensing. doi:10.2136/vzj2005.0099 Evett, S.R., Tolk, J.A. and Howell, T.A. 2005a. TDR laboratory calibration in travel time, bulk electrical conductivity, and effective frequency. Vadose Zone Journal 4:10201029 (2005). Special Section: Soil Water Sensing. doi:10.2136/vzj2005.0046 Evett, S.R., Tolk, J.A. and Howell, T.A. 2006. Sensors for Soil Profile Moisture Measurement: Accuracy, Axial Response, Calibration, Precision and Temperature Dependence. Submitted to the Vadose Zone Journal. Fan, Z., F.X.M. Casey, G.L. Larsen, and H. Hakk. 2005a. Fate and transport of 1278-TCDD, 1378-TCDD, and 1478-TCDD in soil-water systems. Chemosphere (In review). 12 Fan, Z., F.X.M. Casey, G.L. Larsen, and H. Hakk. 2005b. Persistence and fate of 17ß-estradiol and testosterone in agricultural soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. (In review). Fares, A., J. `imunek, L. R. Parsons, M. Th. van Genuchten, and K. T. Morgan, Effects of Canopy Shading and Irrigation on Soil Water Content and Temperature, In: S. Torkzaban and S. M. Hassanizadeh (eds.), Proc. of Workshop on HYDRUS Applications, October 19, 2005, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, ISBN 90- 39341125, 6-10, 2005. Franzen, D., Nanna, T., Gautam, R., Casey, F., Derby, N., Staricka, J., Panigrahi, S., Long, D., Sims, A. and Lamb, J. 2005. Evaluation and Effectiveness of Nitrogen Zone Delineation Methods. In Annual Meetings Abastracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. French, C., L. Wu, T. Meixner, D. Haver, J. Kabashima and W. A. Jury. 2005. Modeling nitrogen transport in the Newport Bay/San Diego Creek watershed of Southern California. Agricultural Water Management. (in press). Fuentes, J.-P. and Flury, M., 2005. Hydraulic conductivity of a silt loam soil as affected by sample length. Trans. ASAE, 48: 191-196. Furman, A. and A. W. Warrick. 2005. Unsaturated flow through spherical inclusions with contrasting sorptive numbers. Vadose Zone J., Vol. 4, 255-263. doi:10.21.36/vzj2004.0076. Gärdenäs, A., Hopmans, J. W., B. R. Hanson, and J. `imunek, Two-dimensional modeling of nitrate leaching for various fertigation scenarios under micro-irrigation, Agric. Water Management, 74, 219-242, 2005. Gaur, A., R. Horton, and D. B. Jaynes. 2006. Measured and predicted solute transport in a tile drained field. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. (in press). GEBRENEGUS, T., and M. TULLER, 2005. Quantitative Characterization of Surface Crack Networks in Sand-Bentonite Mixtures with X-Ray Computed Tomography. INRA Environmental & Subsurface Science Symposium, September 19-21, 2005, Big Sky, MT. GEBRENEGUS, T., and M. TULLER, 2005. X-Ray Computed Tomography for Qualitative and Quantitative Characterization of Surface Crack Networks in Clay Soils. SSSA Annual Meeting Abstracts, Nov. 6-10, Salt Lake City, UT. Gonçalves, M. C., J. `imunek, T. B. Ramos, J. C. Martins, M. J. Neves and F. P. Pires, Using HYDRUS to simulate water and solute transports in soil lysimeters, In: S. Torkzaban and S. M. Hassanizadeh (eds.), Proc. of Workshop on HYDRUS Applications, October 19, 2005, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, ISBN 90- 39341125, 38-41, 2005. Grant, S.A. and M.H. Young. 2005. Modification of general model of infiltration to include the effects of temperature and soil texture. Water Resour. Res. Submitted. Green. R., L. Wu, D. Berger. 2005. Development of BMPs for fertilizing lawns to optimize plant performance and nitrogenuptake while reducing the potential for nitrate leaching. CDFA Fertilizer Research & Education Program Conference Proceedings. Pp. 8-13. Greer, R.C., J.Q. Wu, P. Singh, and D.K. McCool, 2005. WEPP simulation of observed winter runoff and erosion in the Pacific Northwest, USA, Vadose Zone J., (in press). Hanson, B., J. W. Hopmans, J. `imunek, and A. Gärdenäs, Effect of fertigation strategy on nitrate availability and nitrate leaching under micro-irrigation, Conf. Proc. 2005 California Plant and Soil Conference, Science & Policy in California Agriculture, 13 California Chapter of the Amer. Soc. Of Agronomy, February 1-2, Modesto, CA, 107- 110, 2005. Haws, N. W., P. S. C. Rao, J. `imunek, and I. C Poyer, Single-porosity and dual-porosity modeling of water flow and solute transport in subsurface-drained fields using effective field-scale parameters, J. of Hydrology (in press). Heinse, R., S.B. Jones and D. Or. 2005. Inverse Modeling of Porous Media Unsaturated Hydraulic Properties in Microgravity. Agronomy Abstracts, ASA, Madison, WI. HEINSE, R., S.B. JONES, S.D. HUMPHRIES, R.W. MACE, S.L. STEINBERG, M. TULLER, R. NEWMAN, and D. OR, 2005. Measurement of Porous Media Water Retention during Parabolic Flight Induced Microgravity. Abstracts of the 33rd International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES), 11-14 July, Rome, Italy. HEINSE, R., S.B. JONES, S.D. HUMPHRIES, R.W. MACE, S.L. STEINBERG, M. TULLER, R. NEWMAN, and D. OR, 2005. Measurement of Porous Media Water Retention during Parabolic Flight Induced Microgravity. Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES), July 2005, Rome, Italy. SAE Technical Paper 2005- 01-2950. Heinse, R., S.B. Jones, S.D. Humphries, R.W. Mace, S.L. Steinberg, M. Tuller, R. Newman, D. Or. 2005. Measurement of Porous Media Water Retention during Parabolic Flight Induced Microgravity. SAE Technical Paper no. 2005-01-2950. Helmke, M.F., W.W. Simpkins, and R. Horton. 2005. Simulating solute transport in fractured till: comparison of three common models. Ground Water 43: 877-889. Helmke, M.F., W.W. Simpkins, and R. Horton. 2005. Fracture-controlled transport of nitrate and atrazine in four Iowa till units. J. Environ. Qual. 34: 227-236. Hendrickx, J. M. H., G. Rodriguez, R. T. Hicks, and J. `imunek, Modeling Study of Produced Water Release Scenarios, Regulatory Analysis and Scientific Affairs Department, API Publication Number 4734, 146 pp., 2005. Heng, L.K. and S.R. Evett (Eds.). 2006. A Practical Guide to Soil Water Sensing. International Atomic Energy Agency. Vienna, Austria. (In Press). Chapters include:Field estimation of soil water content (Hignett, C. and Evett, S.R.); Gravimetric and volumetric direct measurement of soil water content (Evett, S.R.); Neutron moisture meters (Evett, S.R.); Conventional time domain reflectometry systems (Evett, S.R. and Heng, L.K.); Capacitance sensors for use in access tubes (Evett, S.R. and Cepuder, P.); Electrical resistance sensors for soil water tension estimates (Hignett, C. and Evett, S.R.). Horton, R. 2005. Soil physics. In: Lerner and Trigg (eds.) Encyclopedia of Physics. (in press). Horton, R. and A. Globus. 2005. Heat and moisture transport. In: D. Hillel et al. (eds) Encyclopedia of Soil and the Environment, p. 169-175, Elsevier Ltd. Jacques D., J. `imunek, D. Mallants, and M. Th. van Genuchten, Coupled reactive transport modelling based on the new biogeochemical code HP1, In: S. Torkzaban and S. M. Hassanizadeh (eds.), Proc. of Workshop on HYDRUS Applications, October 19, 2005, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, ISBN 90-39341125, 15-17, 2005. Jacques, D., and J. `imunek, User Manual of the Multicomponent Variably-Saturated Flow and Transport Model HP1, Description, Verification and Examples, Version 1.0, SCK"CENBLG- 998, Waste and Disposal, SCK"CEN, Mol, Belgium, 79 pp., 2005. 14 Javaux, M., Z. Wang, J. Feyen, D. Elrick, and M. Vanclooster. Correction to Prediction of fingering in porous media, Water Resour. Res., 41, W04005, doi:10.1029/2004WR003831, 2005. Jaynes, D.B., and D.L. Karlen. 2005. Sustaining soil resources while managing nutrients. In: Proc. Upper Mississippi River Sub-Basin Hypoxia Nutrient Committee Workshop, September 26-28, 2005, Ames, Iowa. Available: http://www.umrshnc.org/files/Hypwebversion.pdf. Jaynes, D.B., T.S. Colvin, and T.C. Kaspar. 2005. Identifying potential soybean management zones from multi-year yield data. Computers Electronics Agricult. 46:309-327 Jerez, J. and Flury, M., 2005. Humic acid, ferrihydrite, and aluminosilicate coated sands for column transport experiments. Colloids Surf. Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, (in press). Jerez, J., Flury, M., Shang, J. and Deng, Y., 2005. Coating of silica sand with aluminosilicate clays. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 294: 155-164. Johnson, D.W., J.F. Murphy, R.B. Susfalk, T.G. Caldwell, W.W. Miller, R.F. Walker, and R.F. Powers. 2005. The effects of wildfire, salvage logging, and post-fire N fixation on the nutrient budgets of a Sierran forest. Forest Ecology & Management 220:155-165. Jones, S.B., J.M. Blonquist, D.A. Robinson, V.P. Rasmussen, and D. Or. 2005. Standardizing characterization of electromagnetic water content sensors: Part I. methodology. Vadose Zone J. 4:1048-1058. Jones, S.B., M. Tuller and D. Or. 2005. Characterizing Liquid Imbibition in Porous Media under Microgravity. Agronomy Abstracts, ASA, Madison, WI. JONES, S.B., M. TULLER, and D. OR, 2005. Characterizing Liquid Imbibition in Porous Media under Microgravity. SSSA Annual Meeting Abstracts, Nov. 6-10, Salt Lake City, UT. Jones, S.B., R. Heinse, G.B. Bingham and D. Or. 2005. Modeling and Design of Optimal Growth Media from Plant-Based Gas and Liquid Fluxes. SAE Technical Paper no. 2005-01-2949. Kaleita, A.L., J.L. Heitman and S.D. Logsdon. 2005. Field calibration of the Theta Probe for Des Moines Lobe Soils. Appl. Eng. Agric. 21(5):865-870. Karlen, D.L., D.L. Dinnes, D.B. Jaynes, C.R. Hurburgh, C.A. Cambardella, T.S. Colvin, and G.R. Rippke. 2005. Corn response to late-spring nitrogen management in the Walnut Creek watershed. Agron. J. 97(4):1054-1061. Kelleners, T. J., R. W. O. Soppe, J. E. Ayars, T. H. Skaggs, and J. `imunek, Inverse analysis of upward water flow in a groundwater table lysimeter, Vadose Zone Journal, 4, 558572, 2005. Kelleners, T.J., D.A. Robinson, R.W.O Soppe, J.E. Ayars, and T.H. Skaggs, 2005. Frequency dependence of the complex permittivity and its impact on dielectric sensorcalibration in soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 69:6776. Kelleners, T.J., R.W.O Soppe, J.E. Ayars, T.H. Skaggs, and J. Simunek. 2005. Inverse analysis of upward water flow in a groundwater table lysimeter, Vadose Zone J., 4:558572. Kluitenberg, G.J. 2002. Heat capacity and specific heat, p. 1201-1208, In J. H. Dane and G. C. Topp, eds. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 4. Physical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin. Knight, J. H., and G. J. Kluitenberg. 2005. Analytical solutions for sensitivity of well tests to variations in storativity and transmissivity. Adv. Water Resour. 28:1057-1075. Kodeaová, R., J. Kozák, J. `imunek, and O. Vacek, Single and dual-permeability models of chlorotoluron transport in the soil profile, Plant, Soil and Environment, 51(7), 310-315, 2005. 15 Kodeaová, R., M. Kocárek, J. `imunek, and J. Kozák, Chlorotoluron transport in the soil profile affected by non-equilibrium flow, In: S. Torkzaban and S. M. Hassanizadeh (eds.), Proc. of Workshop on HYDRUS Applications, October 19, 2005, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, ISBN 90-39341125, 61-64, 2005. Köhne, J. M., B. P. Mohanty, and J. `imunek, Inverse dual-permeability modeling of preferential water flow in a soil column and implications on field-scale solute transport prediction, Vadose Zone Journal, 5, 59-76, 2006. Köhne, J. M., S. Köhne, and J., `imunek, Non-equilibrium Isoproturon Transport in Structured Soil Columns: Experiments and Model Analysis, In: S. Torkzaban and S. M. Hassanizadeh (eds.), Proc. of Workshop on HYDRUS Applications, October 19, 2005, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, ISBN 90-39341125, 49-52, 2005. Köhne, S., B. Lennartz, J. M. Köhne, and J. `imunek, Bromide transport at a tile-drained field site: experiment, one- and two-dimensional equilibrium and non-equilibrium numerical modeling, J. Hydrology, (in press). Köhne, S., J. `imunek, J. M. Köhne, and B. Lennartz, Simulating simultaneous nitrification and denitrification with a modified 2D-mobile immobile model, In: S. Torkzaban and S. M. Hassanizadeh (eds.), Proc. of Workshop on HYDRUS Applications, October 19, 2005, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, ISBN 90-39341125, 65-68, 2005. Kung, K.J.S., M. Hanke, C.S. Helling, E.J. Kladivko, T.J. Gish, T.S. Steenhuis, and D.B. Jaynes. 2005. Quantifying pore-size spectrum of macropore-type preferential pathways. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.69(4):1196-1208. Langergraber, G. and J. `imunek, Modeling Variably-Saturated Water Flow and Multi- Component Reactive Transport in Constructed Wetlands, Vadose Zone Journal, 4, 924- 938, 2005. Langergraber, G. and J. `imunek, The multi-component reactive transport module CW2D for subsurface flow constructed wetlands, In: S. Torkzaban and S. M. Hassanizadeh (eds.), Proc. of Workshop on HYDRUS Applications, October 19, 2005, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, ISBN 90-39341125, 18-21, 2005. Lazarovitch, N. J. `imunek, M. Th. van Genuchten, and U. Shani, Numerical Analysis of Soil Limiting Flow from Subsurface Sources, In: S. Torkzaban and S. M. Hassanizadeh (eds.), Proc. of Workshop on HYDRUS Applications, October 19, 2005, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, ISBN 90-39341125, 53-56, 2005. Lazarovitch, N., J. `imunek, and U. Shani, System dependent boundary condition for water flow from subsurface source, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 69(1), 46-50, 2005. Lee, J., and F.X.M. Casey. 2005. Development and Evaluation of a Simplified Mechanistic- Stochastic Method for Field-Scale Solute Transport Prediction. Soil Sci. 170:225-234. Lewis, S.A., P.R. Robichaud, B.E. Frazier, J.Q. Wu, and D.M. Laes, 2005. Using hyperspectral imagery to predict post-wildfire soil water repellency, Geomorphology, (in review). Li, W., R. D. Vigil, I. A. Beresnev, P. Iassonov, and R. P. Ewing. Vibration-induced mobilization of trapped oil ganglia in porous media: Experimental validation of a capillary-physics mechanism. J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 289: 193-199, 2005. Loupe, T.M. 2005. The influence of forest litter and biomass reduction on the discharge of inorganic N, P, and S. MS Thesis, Hydrologic Sciences Program, Dept. Natural 16 Resources & Environmental Science, College of Agriculture, Biotechnology, and Natural Resources, University of Nevada  Reno. Loupe, T.M., W.W. Miller, D.W. Johnson, E.M. Carroll, D. Hanseder, D. Glass, and R.F. Lu, and L. Wu. 2005. Technical details and programming guide for a general two-way positive matrix factorization algorithm. J. of Chemometrics. 18:519-525. Mashal, K., Harsh, J. B. and Flury, M., 2005a. Clay mineralogical transformations over time in Hanford sediments reacted with simulated tank waste. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 69: 531-538. Mashal, K., Harsh, J. B., Flury, M. and Felmy, A. R., 2005b. Analysis of precipitates from reactions of hyperalkaline solutions with soluble silica. Appl. Geochem., 20: 1357-1367. Meadows, D.G., M.H. Young, E.V. McDonald. 2005a. A laboratory method for determining the unsaturated hydraulic functions of individual soil peds. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 69 807-815. Meadows, D.G., M.H. Young, E.V. McDonald. 2005b. Estimating clay content and saturated hydraulic conductivity on clay-rich surfaces using GPR. Vadose Zone J. Under revision. Meadows, D.G., M.H. Young, E.V. McDonald. 2005c. Influence of Surface Age on Infiltration Mechanisms of Desert Pavements, Mojave Desert. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. Submitted. Miller, W.W., D.W. Johnson, C. Denton, P.S.J. Verburg, G.L. Dana, and R.F. Walker. 2005. Inconspicuous nutrient laden surface runoff from mature forest Sierran watersheds. J. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 163:3-17. Miller, W.W., D.W. Johnson, T.M. Loupe, J.S. Sedinger, E.M. Carroll, J.D. Murphy, R.F. Walker, and D. Glass. 2006. Fire and runoff water quality in the Lake Tahoe Basin. California Agriculture (Accepted/In Press). MÖLLER, L., M. TULLER, K. KUHLMAN, and M.R. ISLAM, 2005. Deposition and Stability of Surrogate Martian Dust on Spherical and Inclined Surfaces. Engineering Design EXPO Explore, Challenge, Dream, April 29, Moscow, ID. Mon, J. and Flury, M., 2006. Dyes as hydrological tracers. In: J. H. Lehr, J. Keeley and J. Lehr (Editors), The Encyclopedia of Water. John Wiley, New York, (in press). Mon, J., Deng, Y., Flury, M. and Harsh, J. B., 2005a. Cesium incorporation and diffusion in cancrinite, sodalite, zeolite, and allophane. Micropor. Mesopor. Mat., 86: 277-287. Mon, J., Flury, M. and Harsh, J. B., 2005b. A quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) analysis of triarylmethane dye tracers. J. Hydrol. (Amsterdam), 316: 84-97. Mon, J., Flury, M. and Harsh, J. B., 2005c. Sorption of four triarylmethane dyes in a sandy soil determined by batch and column experiments. Geoderma, p. (in press). Mori, Y., J. W. Hopmans, A. P. Mortensen, and G. J. Kluitenberg. 2005. Estimation of vadose zone water flux from multi-functional heat pulse probe measurements. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 69:599-606. Moroke, T.S., Schwartz, R.C., Brown, K.W. and Juo, A.S.R. 2005. Soil water depletion and root distribution of three dryland crops. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 69:197-205. Mortensen, A, P., J. W. Hopmans, Y. Mori, and J. `imunek, Inverse modeling of water, heat, and solute transport in the vadose zone using data collection with a multi-functional heat pulse technique, Advances in Water Resources, (in press). Murphy, J.D., D.W. Johnson, W.W. Miller, R.F. Walker, and R.R. Blank. Prescribed fire effects on forest floor and soil nutrients in a Sierra Nevada ecosystem. Soil Science (In Press). Murphy, J.D., D.W. Johnson, W.W. Miller, R.F. Walker, E.F. Carrol, and R.R. Blank. Wildfire effects on soil nutrients and leaching in a Tahoe Basin watershed. Journal of Environmental Quality (In Press). 17 Newman, R. M., G. J. Kluitenberg, and S. L. Steinberg. 2005. Evaluation of the dual-probe heat-pulse method for measuring water content in spaceflight plant growth systems. SAE Paper No. 2005-01-2951. In Proc. 35th International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES) and 8th European Symposium on Space Environmental Control Systems (ESSECS), Rome, Italy, July 11-14, 2005. Norikane, J.H., S.B. Jones, S.L. Steinberg, H.G. Levine and D. Or. 2005. Porous media matric potential and water content measurements during parabolic flight. Habitation. 10:117- 126. OCarroll, D. M., L. M. Abriola, C. A. Polityka, S. A. Bradford, and A. H. Demond. 2005. Prediction of two-phase capillary pressure-saturation relationships in fractional wettability systems. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 77, 247-270. Ochsner, T. E., R. Horton, G. J. Kluitenberg, and Q. Wang. 2005. Evaluation of the heat pulse ratio method for measuring soil water flux. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 69: 757-765. Ochsner, T. E., R. Horton, G. J. Kluitenberg, and Q. Wang. 2005. Evaluation of the heat pulse ratio technique for measuring soil water flux. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 69: 757-765. Olmanson, O.K., and T.E. Ochsner. 2006. Comparing ambient temperature effects on heat pulse and time domain reflectometry soil water content measurements. Vadose Zone J. in press. OR, D., M. TULLER, and R. FEDORS, 2005. Seepage into drifts and tunnels in unsaturated fractured rock. Water Resour. Res., Vol. 41, No. 5, W0502210.1029/2004WR003689. Pachepsky, Y., A. Guber, D. Jacques, J. `imunek, M. Th. van Genuchten, T. Nicholson, R. Cady, Information content and complexity of simulated soil water fluxes, Geoderma, (in press). Pikul, J.L., Schwartz, R.C., Benjamin, J.B., Baumhardt, R.L. and Merrill, S.L. 2005. Cropping system influences on soil physical properties in the Great Plains. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. (In Press). Pot, V., J. `imunek, P. Benoit, and Y. Coquet, Impact of rainfall intensity on the transport of two herbicides in undisturbed grassed filter strip soil cores, In: S. Torkzaban and S. M. Hassanizadeh (eds.), Proc. of Workshop on HYDRUS Applications, October 19, 2005, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, ISBN 90-39341125, 82-85, 2005. Pot, V., J. `imunek, P. Benoit, Y. Coquet, A. Yra and M.-J. Martínez-Cordón, Impact of rainfall intensity on the transport of two herbicides in undisturbed grassed filter strip soil cores. J. of Contaminant Hydrology, 81, 63-88, 2005. Ren, T., Z. Ju, Y. Gong, and R. Horton. 2005. Comparing heat-pulse and TDR soil water contents from thermo-TDR probes. Vadose Zone Journal 4: 1080-1086. Robinson, D. A., T. J. Kelleners, J. D. Cooper, C. M. K. Gardner, P. Wilson, I. Lebron, and S. Logsdon. Evaluation of a Capacitance Probe Frequency Response Model Accounting for Bulk Electrical Conductivity: Comparison with TDR and Network Analyzer Measurements. Vadose Zone J. 2005 4: 992-1003. Robinson, D.A., M.G. Shaap, D. Or, and S.B. Jones. 2005. On the Effective Measurement Frequency of TDR in Dispersive and Non-Conductive Dielectric Materials. Water Resour. Res. 41:W02007. Rucker, D.F., A.W. Warrick, and P.A. Ferre. 2005. Parameter equivalence for the Gardner and van Genuchten soil hydraulic conductivity functions for steady vertical flow with inclusions. Advances in Water Resources 28:689-699. 18 Ruiz, V.M. and L. Wu. 2005. Influence of sodicity and clay mineralogy on soil aggregation and moisture retention. International Salinity Forum Abstracts. Pp. 399-402. Saito, H., J. `imunek, and B. P. Mohanty, Numerical Analysis of One-Dimensional Coupled Water, Vapor and Heat Transport in the Vadose Zone using HYDRUS, In: S. Torkzaban and S. M. Hassanizadeh (eds.), Proc. of Workshop on HYDRUS Applications, October 19, 2005, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, ISBN 90- 39341125, 22-25, 2005. Satish, M. G., and Zhu, J., Boundary Element Formulations for Stochastic Flow in Semiconfined Aquifers with Random Boundary Conditions, Proceedings of 27th World Conference on Boundary Elements and Other Mesh Reduction Methods, Orlando, USA. March 15  17, 2005, pp. 197-210. Sauer, T.J. and R. Horton. 2005. Soil heat flux. In: J.L. Hatfield and J.M. Baker (Editors), Micrometeorology in agricultural systems. ASA Monograph. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin. Schwartz, R.C., Baumhardt, R.L., and Evett, S.R. 2005. Tillage effects on near surface soil water dynamics. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings (November 6-10, 2005) (Abstract) Schwärzel, K., J. `imunek, H. Stoffregen, G. Weselek, and M. Th. van Genuchten, Estimation of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of peat soils: laboratory versus field data, Vadose Zone Journal, (in press). Shafer, D.S., M.H. Young, S.F Zitzer, T.G. Caldwell, E.V. McDonald. 2005. Impacts of coupled pedogenic, hydraulic, biotic and abiotic processes during the past 125,000 years of landscape evolution in the northern Mojave Desert, Nevada, U.S.A. J. Arid Env. Submitted. Sharma, S. M., Mohanty, B. P., and Zhu, J., Including Topography and Vegetation Attributes for Developing Pedo Transfer Functions in Southern Great Plains, SSSAJ, revised, 2005. Shira, J. M., Williams, B. C., Flury, M., Czigany, S. and Tuller, M., 2005. Sampling silica and ferrihydrite colloids with fiberglass wicks under unsaturated flow conditions. J. Environ. Qual., (in press). SHIRA, J.M., S. CZIGANY, B. WILLIAMS, M. FLURY, M. TULLER, and J. HARSH, 2005. Sampling Silica and Ferrihydrite Colloids with Fiberglass Wicks under Unsaturated Conditions. SSSA Annual Meeting Abstracts, Nov. 6-10, Salt Lake City, UT. Shouse, P.J., S. Goldberg, T.H. Skaggs, and D.L. Suarez. 2005. Instrumenting large soilcolumns for salinity and trace element transport studies. International Salinity Forum Poster Presentation Abstracts, April 2527, 2005, Riverside, CA. p. 417420. Shouse, P.J., S. Goldberg, T.H. Skaggs, R.W.O. Soppe, and J. Ayars. 2006. Effects of shallow groundwater management on the spatial and temporal variability of boron and salinity in an irrigated field. Vadose Zone J., In Press. `imunek, J. and J. R. Nimmo, Estimating soil hydraulic parameters from transient flow experiments in a centrifuge using parameter optimization technique, Water Resour. Res., 41(4), W04015, doi:10.1029/2004WR003379, 2005. `imunek, J., and M. Th. van Genuchten, Contaminant Transport in the Unsaturated Zone: Theory and Modeling, Chapter 22 in The Handbook of Groundwater Engineering, Ed. Jacques Delleur, Second Edition, 2006. `imunek, J., D. Jacques, M. Th. van Genuchten, and D. Mallants, Multicomponent geochemical transport modeling using the HYDRUS computer software packages, In: Institutions for 19 Sustainable Watershed Management: Reconciling Physical and Management Ecology in the Asia-Pacific, Proceedings of the AWRA (American Water Resources Association) Summer Specialty Conference, June 27-29, 2005, Honolulu, HI, American Water Resources Association, Middleburg, VA, 7 p., 2005. `imunek, J., M. Th. van Genuchten, and M. `ejna, The HYDRUS-1D software package for simulating the one-dimensional movement of water, heat, and multiple solutes in variably-saturated media. Version 3.0, HYDRUS Software Series 1, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 270pp., 2005. `imunek, J., M. Th. van Genuchten, S. A. Bradford, and R. J. Lenhard, New Features of HYDRUS-1D, Version 3.0, In: S. Torkzaban and S. M. Hassanizadeh (eds.), Proc. of Workshop on HYDRUS Applications, October 19, 2005, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, ISBN 90-39341125, 86-89, 2005. Simunek, J., M. Th. van Genuchten, S. A. Bradford, and R. J. Lenhard. 2005. New features in the version 3.0 of HYDRUS-1D. Workshop on HYDRUS: Advanced modeling of water flow and solute transport in the vadose zone, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, October 17-19, pp. 86-89 (Submitted to ARIS in 2005). `imunek, J., Models for Soil Pollution Risk Assessment, Proc. of NATO Advanced Research Workshop Air, Water and Soil Quality Modelling for Risk and Impact Assessment, Eds. A. Ebel and T. 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