Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Sept. 27. 8:30 AM - Louis Hesler, WCC-66 chair, opened the meeting. Kevin Shufran (secretary/chair elect) was not in attendance due to an injury. Do Mornhinweg acted as secretary for the meeting. Dr. Hesler thanked Mike Smith, John Reese, and Gerald Wilde for the local arrangements and welcomed participants to the meeting. A sign up sheet was passed around for attendance and to update professional information. A brief discussion of the schedule followed and Louis introduced our unscheduled guest speaker, Rick Meyers form CSREES. 8:40 AM  Tom Holtzer, administrative co-advisor, encouraged the group to keep up the good work and pointed out the importance of documenting our accomplishments and impact in WCC-66 reports. He encouraged attendees who were not official members to consider becoming members by applying at the WCC-66 website. 9:00 AM- Rick Meyers, National Program Leader for entomology, gave us a budget update for CSREES. He discussed the status of funds available for NRI grants and indicated that 25% of that funding would go to integrated IFAFS-like projects. He encouraged us all to continue to submit and resubmit grants. 9:10 AM Louis introduced J. P Michaud to present data and lead a discussion on RWA biotypes - Field biology and Cultivar development. J.P. presented information on the performance of a novel strain of RWA (RWA2), on 3 wheat cultivars, Trego (susceptible to RWA1), and Stanton and Halt (both resistant to RWA1). He reported the reproductive rate of RWA2 was high for all 3 cultivars whereas RWA1 had a high reproductive rate only on Trego and low reproductive rate on Stanton and Halt. Although RWA 2 damaged all three cultivars, that damage was not as high as the damage of RWA1 on Trego. Trego had the most leaf rolling from RWA2, but there was also more leaf rolling on Stanton and Halt than with RWA1. J.P. next reported results on the benefits of group feeding in Diuraphis noxia as affected by variety and temperature. For RWA1, at 20oC, there was significantly greater survival of young aphids feeding in a group compared to young aphids alone. At 24oC, the benefits of group feeding were negated. For RWA2, the reverse was true with better survival of singles at 20oC and better survival of group feeding aphids at 24oC. He concluded that there are different thermal optimums for the two biotypes. Frank Peairs - Test environment is critical  especially temperature but also photoperiod length. A discussion ensued concerning rearing techniques for biological studies centering on the host effect. Traditionally aphids are reared on susceptible. Frank Peairs - In a controlled study you usually rear on the cultivar it will be tested on for several generations before the test. Rearing for screening one usually rears on a mixture of resistant and susceptible. Rearing on Halt resulted in 10% reduction in aphid weight compared to TAM107. Perhaps it is best to rear on a mix based on acreage in the state. John Burd  began discussion on determination of biotypes based on plant response and suggested the necessity of a matrix of designated Dn genes. Marion Harris  There are currently 31 genes for Hessian fly resistance and 31 differentials. Mike Smith  CI 2401 which is resistant to RWA2 has Dn4 as well as another gene for resistance. Gary Puterka  how many aphid populations exist in the field now? Colorado is looking at several beyond RWA2 and John Burd suspects he has at least 3 new biotypes. The discussion turned to uniformity in testing for biotype. Do you test on vernalized or nonvernalized seedlings? The kind of cage may affect test results. Phil - CI and PIs used for testing will they all be the same genetically? Temperature is important as well as what cultivar or mix the aphids were reared on. Do we have enough knowledge to standardize? What rating scale would we use? We need to identify and define certain givens or set up parameters for standardized biotyping. Sue Blodgett  we need to set up the best standard conditions we can at this meeting including the proposal of a matrix of plant differentials to characterize new populations. A formal paper needs to be submitted to JEE. Seed purity and sources for Dn resistance genes need to be discussed. This discussion was tabled to the Aphid-Ecology and Plant  Insect Interactions subcommittee meeting scheduled for 3:00. 1:00 PM State reports from Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Stillwater  USDA-ARS, South Dakota, Texas, and Washington. See appendix (p. 6) for written reports. 3:00 PM Breakout into Subcommittee Discussions 4:30 PM- Recess 4:30 -5:30 PM -Greenbug consortium meeting. Sept. 28 8:15 AM- Subcommittee Reports Aphid Ecology and Plant- Insect Interactions Subcommittee Report Chair: David Porter Secretary: Do Mornhinweg Discussion began with an outline from Frank Peairs on important points concerning screening for biotypes: 1. differentials 2. test conditions a. pre-vernalized plants b. photoperiod  16D/8N 3. aphid parameters a. infestation rate  sieve to one aphid size, put on leaf pieces at bottom of each plant b. culture on blend of field cultivars (susceptible and resistant) Next discussed naming of biotypes and agreed on the following: CO A = RWA1 CO B = RWA2 TX1 = RWA3 WY1 = RWA4 TX2 = RWA5 CO C = RWA6 A discussion on differentials followed and it was proposed by Dave that Cheryl Baker would raise and maintain founders seed which would be available soon for all interested in screening or biotyping to begin their seed increases. We would all start on the same page. The following differential list was proposed: Dn4 - Yumar Dny - Stanton Dn7 - Gamtoos R Susceptible - Yuma Some discussion followed the presentation of the report to the whole membership and it was proposed that Gary Puterka would maintain cultures of all RWA biotypes and would send these aphids on request to those wishing to screen. Again we would all be on the same page. Dave thanked the group for their role in obtaining Garys position at Stillwater. It was further decided that field collections in all states would be tested against Dn4 and Dn7. If a reaction to Dn7 was found, the aphids would be sent to Gary for further biotyping and maintenance. It is hoped that this would become a world wide effort to assess global diversity for virulence. Biological Control Subcommittee Report Chair: Not recorded Secretary: Not recorded Discussion following: Can predict control with parasitoids. Sorghum  lady beetle larvae hard to find  eaten by fist hatched larvae plus other cannibals out there too. Sibling egg cannibalism 40%. Kris Giles  planting of canola acreage has potential for major harboring of parasitoids. Cabbage aphids bad problem sprayed several times for control in experimental plots. Suggested workshops for next meeting  Lady beetle or carabids identification problem suggested workshop organizers: Lady beetles  Jerry Michels Carabids  Frank or Sue Discussion on Rice Root Aphid  Dean will soon have another paper out. Do we want to sample other states such as ND or TX? Counties in each state with confirmed RRA can be sent to Chris or Dean for identification - circulation of a sampling protocol involving sending soil sample through a Bulazie funnel Keith Pike  when sampling for RRA may find other aphids on the roots of wheat and grasses  send Keith adults and he will identify them the biggest aphid you find a better chance of it being and adult. 70% alcohol and send to Keith. 9:15 AM Nomination and election of officers. Kevin Shufran, current Vice Chair and Secretary, will assume duties as Chair and Do Mornhinweg was nominated and confirmed by vote as incoming Vice Chair and Secretary. 9:20AM  Site Selection. Ft. Collins was unanimously voted as the site for the next meeting with a tentative date of Sept. 18-20. A workshop is proposed for Sunday the 18. 9:25 AM Other business. Send a list of members and information on membership to all attendees. Chair, Chair elect and Vice-chair elect will draft a renewal document and send to members for comments and suggestions sometime after the first of the year. 9:30 AM- Meeting adjourned

A standardized naming system for Russian wheat aphid biotypes was proposed and agreed upon. The extant Dn4 non-injurious population (CO A) was agreed to be called biotype 1 and the new (discovered in 2003) Dn4 injurious population (CO B) was agreed to be called biotype 2. Clones/biotypes identified and named by various people and institutions are to follow this convention and are now referred to as: CO A = RWA1; CO B = RWA2; TX1 = RWA3; WY1 = RWA4; TX2 = RWA5; and CO C = RWA6. This is significant because it will allow clear communication within and among scientists and extension personnel. It eliminates confusion and ambiguity. In relation to the naming of biotypes, it was agreed upon that four wheat varieties, each carrying different genes for Russian wheat aphid resistant would be used for biotype screening and founder seed made available. The plant differentials for biotype screening are: Dn4 - Yumar; Dny - Stanton; Dn7 - Gamtoos R; and susceptible - Yuma. This standardization will also eliminate confusion and ambiguity in the reporting of biotypes when done by different individuals, at different institutions, and at different geographic locations.

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