Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

A list of presentations discussed at the annual meeting are attached. We also discussed location for the 2027 W5170 conference.

Objective 1: Evaluate the Short- and Long-Term Fate, Bioavailability, Persistence, and Risks of PFAS and Other Emerging Contaminants

PFAS Occurrence and Environmental Monitoring

1. Researchers at the University of Hawaii investigated the occurrence of PFAS in recycled water and biosolids generated by wastewater treatment facilities throughout Hawaii. Results demonstrated detectable concentrations of PFAS in both treated effluent and biosolids, with total PFAS concentrations ranging from 17 to 663 ng L⁻¹ in effluent and from 23 to 68 ng g⁻¹ in biosolids. Application of the Total Oxidizable Precursor (TOP) assay revealed additional precursor PFAS compounds, emphasizing the importance of considering both targeted PFAS analytes and precursor compounds when evaluating environmental risks associated with biosolids reuse. These findings provide foundational information for future monitoring and regulatory efforts in tropical environments.
2. Researchers at Pennsylvania State University expanded PFAS monitoring through innovative community-science approaches involving approximately 200 private well owners. Results were incorporated into a statewide extension tool that provides PFAS occurrence information for public and private drinking water sources throughout Pennsylvania. This effort significantly expanded public awareness and stakeholder engagement regarding PFAS contamination and groundwater management.

 PFAS Fate and Transport

1. Research conducted at The Ohio State University focused on PFAS transport through biosolids-amended soils representing a wide range of soil properties. Column studies demonstrated that PFAS leaching was strongly affected by biosolids composition, organic matter content, iron and aluminum oxide concentrations, and clay content. Multiple linear regression models explained between 74% and 92% of observed variability in PFAS transport, suggesting that integrated soil-property approaches provide useful predictive capability for PFAS movement following biosolids applications. Results further demonstrated that water-soluble PFAS fractions are often more informative predictors of environmental mobility than total PFAS concentrations.
2. At Pennsylvania State University, researchers continued evaluating PFAS transport from biosolids-amended fields into riparian buffer systems and groundwater resources. Preliminary findings suggested that riparian buffer effectiveness was highly site-specific and dependent upon local hydrologic, soil, and management conditions. Concurrent groundwater investigations at the Living Filter beneficial reuse system demonstrated important relationships among groundwater elevation, PFAS concentrations, nitrate occurrence, and pharmaceutical transport dynamics. These findings provide valuable guidance for managing wastewater irrigation sites and biosolids application programs.

 PFAS Treatment and Mitigation Technologies

1. Research conducted by Qingguo Huang and colleagues at the University of Georgia advanced innovative PFAS destruction technologies utilizing electrochemical oxidation with titanium suboxide anodes. Researchers evaluated fluorine distribution among liquid, solid, and gaseous phases while tracking target and non-target PFAS transformation products. Findings improved understanding of PFAS mineralization mechanisms and established a foundation for integrated treatment systems utilizing ion-exchange resins followed by electrochemical oxidation.
2. Georgia researchers also advanced enzyme-catalyzed oxidative humification reactions (ECOHRs) and demonstrated transformation of 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid using laccase-mediated systems. Collectively, these studies suggest that enzyme-based treatment systems may provide cost-effective alternatives for PFAS remediation in biosolids, wastewater, soils, and agricultural systems.
3. Researchers at the University of Florida investigated amendment strategies intended to reduce PFAS mobility from biosolids. Findings indicated that sorbent amendment rates less than 10% by weight had limited impact on PFAS leachability, suggesting that substantially greater amendment rates may be required to achieve meaningful reductions in bioavailability and transport.

 Crop Uptake, Bioaccumulation, and Phytoremediation

1. Research at Pennsylvania State University evaluated PFAS uptake in hemp and orchard grass exposed to biosolids-amended soils. Across multiple greenhouse experiments, hemp consistently accumulated significantly greater PFAS concentrations than orchard grass, particularly for short-chain compounds. Results demonstrated that hemp effectively removed both short- and long-chain PFAS compounds and may serve as a practical phytoremediation crop for PFAS-impacted agricultural landscapes. Importantly, increasing biosolids application rates did not substantially increase PFAS accumulation in plant tissues, suggesting that soil fertility management and PFAS remediation objectives may be compatible.
2. Researchers at the University of Minnesota investigated PFAS accumulation in biosolids-amended agricultural soils and crop systems. Their findings contributed to understanding crop uptake, dietary risk, and long-term behavior of PFAS in agricultural landscapes receiving biosolids applications.

 Other Emerging Contaminants

1. The University of Florida developed and applied methods for extracting and quantifying microplastics in drinking water treatment residuals. Results demonstrated substantially lower microplastic concentrations in calcium-based residuals relative to aluminum- and iron-based materials, supporting their beneficial reuse.
2. Researchers from the University of Washington collaborated on studies evaluating pharmaceuticals and personal care products in biosolids and biosolids-amended soils. Findings indicated minimal ecosystem transfer potential for these compounds under the evaluated conditions.

Objective 2: Evaluate and Optimize Beneficial Reuse, Soil Health, Nutrient Recovery, and Ecosystem Services

Soil Carbon Sequestration and Climate Benefits

1. Research conducted by Guanglong Tian at the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago demonstrated remarkable long-term carbon sequestration associated with biosolids applications. Forty years after the final application, biosolids-treated soils maintained significantly greater soil organic carbon concentrations than conventionally fertilized soils. Net carbon sequestration averaged 37.1 Mg ha⁻¹, while greenhouse gas emission reductions averaged approximately 0.59 Mg CO₂-equivalent per Mg biosolids applied. These findings provide strong evidence supporting biosolids use as a climate mitigation strategy.
2. Research conducted by Michael Kaiser and colleagues at the University of Nebraska demonstrated that biosolids-biochar co-application increased soil carbon storage by as much as 20 Mg ha⁻¹ while simultaneously improving nutrient retention. Results from one of the largest active field-scale biochar experiments in the United States emphasized the potential of biosolids-biochar systems to support smart soil management.
3. Researchers at the University of Washington documented substantial improvements in soil health indicators following long-term biosolids application in dryland wheat systems. Enhanced soil function persisted years beyond application and contributed to improved crop performance and increased farm profitability.

 Nutrient Recovery and Circular Resource Management

1. Researchers at Kansas State University continued development of phosphorus and ammonium recovery technologies from livestock wastewater streams using anaerobic membrane bioreactor systems. Recovered nutrient products demonstrated potential as effective fertilizer alternatives while supporting circular nutrient economies.
2. At the University of Florida, researchers demonstrated that aluminum-based drinking water treatment residuals effectively reduced phosphorus mobility in legacy biosolids-impacted soils and outperformed several commercially available alternatives. These findings support the beneficial reuse of residuals for nutrient management and water-quality protection.

 Urban Soil Remediation

1. Researchers at Kansas State University continued field-based studies evaluating biosolids, biochars, phosphorus amendments, and other residual-derived materials for mitigation of lead contamination in urban environments. Results confirmed the potential of residual-based amendments to reduce lead bioaccessibility and improve environmental quality in residential neighborhoods.
2. At The Ohio State University, researchers advanced understanding of lead bioavailability, heavy metal remediation, ecological risk assessment, and remediation approaches utilizing compost and related amendments in contaminated soils. These studies contribute to improved management of urban and industrially impacted landscapes.

Peer-Reviewed Publications

Ahmad, A., Radovich, T., Hue, N., Meaney, S., Rodriguez, G., and Zhang, Y. 2026. Evaluating the Effects of Three Seaweed Extracts on the Growth and Yield of Three Crops. Sustainability, 18:8420.

Brown, S., and G. Hettiarachchi. 2025. Considering Risks and Benefits Associated with Urban Green Space Through the Lens of Environmental Justice. Soil & Environmental Health.

Brown, S., M. Vernik, D. Butman, D. Griffin-LaHue, J. Finlinson. 2026. Quantifying the Environmental and Economic Impact of Municipal Biosolids Use in Dryland Wheat in Washington State. Urban Agriculture & Regional Food Systems.

Desjardins, M., J.A. Ippolito, A.I. Bary, S.B. Cappellazzi, D. Liptzin, D. Griffin-LaHue. 2025. Long-Term Biosolids Applications Improve Key Soil Health Functions for Semi-Arid Dryland Systems. Science of the Total Environment.

Ghaznavi, S.M., M. Choudhary, M. Hannan, G. Hettiarachchi, O.G. Apul. 2025. A Critical Review of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Adsorption by Soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials: Organics.

Gamage, K.H.H., G. Hettiarachchi, E. Heronemus, P. Parameswaran. 2026. Recovered Calcium-Based Phosphorus Products from Synthetic Swine Wastewater: Fate and Behavior in Soils. Environmental Science & Technology.

Hettiarachchi, G.M., L. Lake, A.D.E. Mudiyanselage, N. Basta, K. Scheckel. 2026. Bioavailability of Lead and Exposure Pathways to Humans. In S. Hayes, C. Alpers, T. Sowers, D. Brabander, R. Root (Eds.) Lead in the Environment: Mineralogy, Geochemistry, Sources, and Remediation. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry.

Judy, J.D., C. Gravesen, P.C. Wilson, A. Wilkie, J. Sarchapone, F. Hinz, X. Yang, N. Renwick. 2026. Uptake and Elimination of 7 Selected PFAS in Eisenia Fetida Exposed in Artificial Soil. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 116(5), 92.

Kosiarski, K., T.L. Veith, F.A. Kibuye, P.J. Drohan, O.G. Apul, H.E. Preisendanz. 2026. Hydrogeologic Drivers and Management Implications of PFAS, Nitrate, and Pharmaceuticals in Groundwater at a Karst Beneficial Reuse System. ACS ES&T Water.

Kosiarski, K., H.E. Preisendanz, F.A. Kibuye. 2025. County-Level Summary of PFAS in Pennsylvania Drinking Water Sources. Penn State Extension.

Kosiarski, K., H.E. Preisendanz, F.A. Kibuye. 2025. PFAS in Pennsylvania Groundwater and Factors Influencing Occurrence. Penn State Extension.

Lai, Y.R., N.T. Basta. 2025. Beneficial Use of Byproducts to Reduce Phosphorus Loss from Agricultural Land. Journal of Environmental Management, 396:128090.

Lai, Y.R., N.T. Basta, K. Xia, A. Wang, J.A. Ippolito. 2026. Predicting Per- and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances Leaching Potential from Biosolids-Amended Soils Based on Soil Properties. Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances.

Lopez, A.R., J.D. Judy. 2025. Extraction and Quantification of Microplastics Contained Within Al, Fe and Ca Drinking Water Treatment Residuals. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 115(2), 30.

Mudiyanselage, N., G. Hettiarachchi. 2026. Comparative Assessment of Mobility, Potential Availability, and Speciation of Reclaimed Struvite and Conventional Phosphorus Fertilizers in Mildly Calcareous, Neutral, and Acidic Soils. Journal of Environmental Quality.

Munir, U., Y. Wang, X. Zhu, Y. Ji, M.Y. Habteselassie, A. Squartini, Q. Huang. 2026. Transformation of 6:2 Fluorotelomer Sulfonic Acid in Laccase-Mediator Systems. Frontiers in Environmental Engineering.

National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2026. PFAS in agricultural systems: Guidance for conservation programs at USDA. Committee on assistance to the U.S. Department of Agriculture in building a framework for addressing PFAS on agricultural land. Ippolito, J.A. (committee chair), T.W. Christensen, J.M. Gibson, B.M. Gramig, J.L. Guelfo, L.S. Lee, H. Li, E.B. Mallory, and T. Rosen. National Academies Press, Washington, DC. Available on-line at: https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications/29272.

Ngoetjana, M.P., E.H. Tesfamariam, S. Brown, M. Wooding. 2025. Occurrence, Distribution, and Risk Assessment of Selected Pharmaceuticals in Municipal Biosolids from the Four Wastewater Treatment Plants in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Scientific Reports, 15:45232.

Ngoetjana, M.P., E.H. Tesfamariam, S. Brown, M. Wooding, M.A. Dippenaar. 2025. Occurrence, Concentration, and Risk Assessment of Selected Pharmaceuticals in Representative Cropland Soils and Their Underlying Groundwater in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 197:986.

Qiu, Z., K. Zhang, Y. Han, X. Wang, B. Song, H. Shi, H. Shi, G. Hou, B. Wang, H. Wang, S. Gao, Q. Huang. 2026. Electrochemical Activation of Peracetic Acid for Efficient Sulfamethoxazole Degradation: Transformation of Hydroxyl Radical into Organic Radical. Separation and Purification Technology.

Reid, M.T., N.T. Basta, A.P. Dacres, M.S. Gonzalez-Serrano, A.M. Zearly. 2026. An Approach to More Accurately Estimate Soil Lead Bioavailability for Ecological Risk Assessment by Incorporating Diet into a Novel Avian In Vitro Gastrointestinal Assay. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.

Renwick, N., Y. Katsenovich, Y. Lin, V. Nair, T. Osborne, J.D. Judy. 2026. Drinking Water Treatment Residuals, Biochar and Commercial Sorbent Blends as Soil Amendments to Reduce Phosphorus Leaching at a Legacy Biosolids Application Site. Revision submitted to JEQ.

Streets, S., E. Souza, M. McNearney, S. Jedinak, A.D. Manzur, J.L. Guelfo, C. Rosen. 2026. Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Land-Applied Biosolids: Accumulation in Soils, Crop Uptake, and Potential Dietary Risk. Journal of Environmental Quality.

Tian, G., O. Oladeji, B. Morgan, E. El-Naggar, A. Cox, H. Zhang, E. Podczerwinski. 2025. Intracellular Carbon Storage of Microorganisms and Resulting C Sequestration in Biosolids-Amended Agricultural Soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 207, 109836.

Umar, M., Y. Wang, Q. Huang. 2025. Enzyme Catalyzed Oxidative Humification Reactions (ECOHRs): PFAS Remediation and Thatch Management. Frontiers in Environmental Engineering, 4, 1673461.

Umeobi, E.C., T.F. Ducey, N.T. Basta, J.A. Ippolito. 2026. Bioaccessibility-Based Human Health Exposure Assessment of Compost-Amended Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soil. Soil Systems.

Umeobi, E.C., T.F. Ducey, N.T. Basta, M.G. Johnson, J.A. Ippolito. 2026. Compost Applications Alter Heavy Metal Speciation and Bioavailability in a Natural and Remediated Contaminated Superfund Soil. Environmental Pollution.

Wang, Y., N. Hue, Z.Y. Du, J. Chen, Q.X. Li. 2026. A Sensitive and Simple Method for Trace Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Plant Guttation.

Wang, Y., Y. Ji, U. Ghimire, B. Rao, D. Reible, Y. Chen, Q. Huang. 2026. An Analysis on the Fate of PFAS in Still Bottoms During Electrochemical Oxidation with a Ti4O7 Anode. Frontiers in Environmental Engineering.

Wekumbura, C., G. Hettiarachchi, W. Hargrove, Q. Ma, M. Newville, A. Lanzirotti, C. Sobin. 2025. Mitigating Lead Bioaccessibility in Metal(loid)-Contaminated Alkaline Soils Using Soil Amendments: Evaluating Efficacy Using In Vitro Bioaccessibility, Sequential Extraction, and Synchrotron Techniques. Journal of Hazardous Materials.

Yang, X., F. Hinz, P.C. Wilson, C. Gravesen, J.D. Judy. 2025. Effects of Drinking Water Treatment Residual Amendment to Biosolids on Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Leachability. JEQ 54(6):1888-1898.

Presentations

Florida

• Judy, J.D. 2026. PFAS Concentrations and Partitioning Trends in Wastewater and Drinking Water Treatment Wastes. University of Florida Water Institute Symposium, Gainesville, Florida, February 24.

Kansas

• Wekumbura, C., G.M. Hettiarachchi1, E. Gutierrez, A.D.E. Mudiyanselage. 2026. Stabilizing Urban Soil Lead: Long-Term Effects of Soil Amendments on Bioaccessibility and Speciation. 23rd World Congress of Soil Science, Nanjing, China. June 7-12.
• Gutierrez, E.E.B., G.M. Hettiarachchi, A.D.E. Mudiyanselage, J. Murphy, C. Wekumbura. 2025. From Lab to Field: A Comparative Study of Biochar and Phosphorus Amendments for Lead Immobilization in Urban Soils. CANVAS 2025. Salt Lake City, UT. Nov. 9-11.
• Hettiarachchi, G.M. 2025. Reducing the Risk: Strategies for Minimizing Toxic Trace Element Uptake in Vegetables Grown in Contaminated Urban Soils. CANVAS 2025. Salt Lake City, UT. Nov. 9-11.
• Mudiyanselage, A.D.E., G.M. Hettiarachchi, C. Wekumbura, R. Kumarasinghe, E. Gutierrez Britto, J. Murphy. 2025. Mitigating lead poisoning in urban residential soils through reducing bioaccessibility. CANVAS 2025. Salt Lake City, UT. Nov. 9-11.
• Wekumbura, C., G.M. Hettiarachchi, E.E. Gutierrez Brito, A.D.E. Mudiyanselage. 2025. Efficacy of phosphorus amendments on reducing soil lead risk: A comparison of routine vs. bioaccessibility assays. CANVAS 2025. Salt Lake City, UT. Nov. 9-11.
• Hettiarachchi, G.M., N. Basta, J. Ippolito. 2025. Mitigation of human health risk in urban neighborhoods through bioavailability-based approaches. International Conference on Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements/ International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment. Busan, South Korea, Sep. 22-26.
• Hettiarachchi, G.M. 2026. Strategies for Minimizing Toxic Trace Element Uptake in Vegetables Grown in Contaminated Urban Soils. School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology. Presented online from the Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, June 10.

Nebraska

• Fossum, B., A. Malakar, M. Kaiser. 2025 Soil Carbon Dynamics Following Application of Biochar to a No-till Corn-Cover Crop-Soybean System Assessed Using Physico-Chemical Fractionation and Stable Isotope Ratios. CANVAS 2025, Salt Lake City, Utah.
• Fossum, B., A. Malakar, M. Kaiser. 2025. Acre-Scale Application of Biochar and Biosolids and Impacts on Nutrient Dynamics. CANVAS 2025, Salt Lake City, Utah.
• Kaiser, M., B. Fossum, K. Koehler-Cole, A. Malakar. 2026. Effect of biochar and cover crops on soil carbon sequestration revealed by the amount and isotopic signature of particulate and mineral-associated organic matter fractions. 10th International Symposium on Soil Organic Matter, Sao Paulo, Brazil. May 25-29.
• Fossum, B., A. Malakar, M. Kaiser. 2026. Enhanced nutrient retention following biochar application linked to biochar surface functionalization through a common mechanism across management conditions. 10th International Symposium on Soil Organic Matter, Sao Paulo, Brazil. May 25-29.

Ohio

• Reid, M.T., N.T. Basta, A.P. Dacres, M.S. Gonzalez-Serrano, A.M. Zearly. 2026. An approach to incorporate soil Pb bioavailability in ERA by including diet in a novel avian in vitro gastrointestinal assay. SETAC Europe 36^th Annual Meeting, Maastricht, The Netherlands, May 17–21.
• Ippolito, J. 2026. PFAS in agricultural systems. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources PFAS External Advisory Group meeting. Virtual. August 21.
• Hu., X., J. Ippolito. 2026. Connections between biosolids land application, PFAS soil and plant accumulation, and soil health. W5170 National Workgroup Annual Meeting. Albany, NY. July 12-14.
• Hu, X., C.M. Buchanan, S.W. Blecker, A. Wang, K. Xia, S. Hao, J.A. Ippolito. 2026. The nexus between biosolids land application, PFAS soil accumulation, and plant uptake from a soil health perspective. Midwest Biosolids Association’s 3^rd Annual Conference. Milwaukee, WI. June 8-10.
• Hu, X., C.M. Buchanan, S.W. Blecker, A. Wang, K. Xia, S. Hao, J.A. Ippolito. 2026. Tracking PFAS in soil and plants following short and long-term biosolids land application. Midwest Biosolids Association’s 3^rd Annual Conference. Milwaukee, WI. June 8-10.
• Hu, X., C.M. Buchanan, S.W. Blecker, A. Wang, K. Xiz, S. Hao, J.A. Ippolito. 2026. The nexus between biosolids land application, PFAS soil accumulation, and plant uptake from a soil health perspective. OSU College of Food, Agriculture, and Environmental Sciences. April 9.
• Ippolito, J. 2026 PFAS in agricultural soils. 2026 Ohio Certified Crop Advisor Virtual Meeting. February 11.
• Chou, E., Y. Wang, L. Li, H. Li, J.A. Ippolito. 2025. Quantifying and comparing PFAS transport within short-term biosolids application containing varying levels of PFAS concentrations. CANVAS conference. Salt Lake City, UT. November 9-12.

Pennsylvania

• Kosiarski, K. 2026. Evaluating Riparian Buffer Zone Effectiveness on Mitigating PFAS from Biosolids-Amended Fields. W5170 National Workgroup Meeting, Albany Marriott, Albany, NY. July 12-14.
• Pannella, D. 2026. "PFAS Uptake in Hemp and Orchard Grass: Effects of Biosolids and Variable Contamination Levels," W5170 National Workgroup Meeting, Albany Marriott, Albany, NY. July 12-14.
• Kosiarski, K., H. Preisendanz. 2026. Evaluating Riparian Buffer Zone Effectiveness on Mitigating PFAS Transport from Biosolids-Amended Fields. Chesapeake Community Research Symposium, Annapolis, MD. June 1-3.
• Pannella, D., H.E. Preisendanz, P.J. Drohan. 2026. PFAS Occurrence in Pennsylvania Urban Farm Soils. Pennsylvania Groundwater Symposium, Penn State Extension, Harrisburg, PA. May 5.
• Kosiarksi, K., T.L. Veith, F.A. Kibuye, J. Fetter, S. Boser, J.P. Vanden Heuvel, C.L. Thompson, H.E. Preisendanz. 2026. Environmental and Socioeconomic Factors of PFAS Contamination in Private Drinking Water Wells: Insights for Monitoring and Management.” Emerging Contaminants in the Environment Conference (ECEC26), University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana, Champaign, IL. April 27-30.
• Pannella, D., H.E. Preisendanz, P.J. Drohan. 2026. PFAS Occurrence in Pennsylvania Urban Farm Soils. PFAS Workshop, Penn State Extension, University Park, PA. April 1.
• Pannella, D. 2025. Assessing PFAS Dynamics and Phytoremediation Capacity of Hemp and Orchard Grass, Student Presentations of Research Projects: SOILS 590, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management: Penn State University, University Park, PA. December 17.
• Preisendanz, H.E. 2025. PFAS occurrence, transport, and impact in agroecosystems. Water Quality Insights Webinar Series, Penn State Extension, Virtual Webinar. November 21.
• Preisendanz, H.E. 2025. PFAS occurrence, transport, and impact in agroecosystems. Mid-Atlantic Crop Management School, University of Maryland Extension, Ocean City, MD. November 18.
• Kosiarski, K., H.E. Preisendanz. 2025. Evaluating riparian buffer zone effectiveness on mitigating PFAS from surface runoff. CANVAS Conference, Soil Science Society of America, Agronomy Society of America, and Crop Science Society of American, Salt Lake City, UT. November 17.
• Pannella, D. 2025. PFAS Uptake and Allocation in Orchard Grass and Hemp – Phytoremediation Assessment. CANVAS conference (ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting), Salt Lake City, UT. November 17.

 Theses and Dissertations

Florida

• Amber Lopez, Undergraduate Honors Thesis, Microplastics Detection in Drinking Water Treatment Residuals.
• Xinya Yang, M.S. Research on PFAS Retention-Release in Biosolids.
• Neveah Renwick, M.S. Thesis on Phosphorus Mobility and Soil Amendments.

Kansas

• Murphy. Lead in Kansas City Soils: Lead Source Tracking and Assessment of Wastewater-Derived Phosphate for Fertilization and Lead Remediation.
• Gutierrez Brito. Geochemical Mechanisms of Lead Stabilization in Phosphate-Amended Urban Soils and Prediction of Physicochemical Properties Using Proximal Soil Sensors.

Nebraska

• Britt Fossum. Combining Biochar Application with Sustainable Agricultural Management Practices to Increase Soil Carbon Retention and Resource Efficiency in Agro-Ecosystems.

Ohio

• Adriana Dacres. Soil Carbon Dynamics Shaped by Ecological Gradients, Biochar-Based Lead Remediation and Forest Restoration.
• Ying-Ren Lai. Soil-Amendment Controls on Phosphorus Retention, PFAS Mobility, and Arsenic Remediation Under Varying Redox Conditions.

 Technical Reports, New Releases, and Others

• Brown, S. 2025. We Can Fix What We've Broken. https://www.biocycle.net/connections-we-can-fix-what-weve-broken/
• Brown, S. 2025. User's Guide to Risk Analysis. https://www.biocycle.net/connections-users-guide-to-risk-analysis/
• Brown, S. 2025. Failing Grade. https://www.biocycle.net/connections-failing-grade/
• Brown, S. 2026. Can Worms Destroy Pathogens During Composting? https://www.biocycle.net/can-worms-destroy-pathogens-during-composting/
• Brown, S. 2026. More Nutrient Cycling, Less Footloose. https://www.biocycle.net/more-nutrient-cycling-less-footloose/
• Brown, S. 2025. How to Measure Soil Carbon Storage. https://www.biocycle.net/how-to-guide-to-measure-soil-carbon-storage/
• Brown, S. 2025. How Much Nitrogen is on the Compost Menu? https://www.biocycle.net/connections-how-much-nitrogen-is-on-the-compost-menu/
• Brown, S. 2025. Compost and Crime. https://www.biocycle.net/connections-compost-and-crime/
• Brown, S. 2026. Soil and Compost Matching. https://www.biocycle.net/soil-and-compost-matching/
• Brown, S. 2026. Compost Testing vs. Soil Testing Comparison. https://www.biocycle.net/compost-testing-vs-soil-testing-comparison/
• Brown, S. 2026. Methane Yield from Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste. https://www.biocycle.net/methane-yield-anaerobic-digestion-food-waste/