SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report

Sections

Status: Approved

Basic Information

Participants

• Dr Guillermo Scaglia, Administrative Advisor • Nave, Renata - University of Tennessee • Barker, David - Ohio State University • Cassida, Kim - Michigan State University • Coffey, Ken - University of Arkansas • Franklin, Dorcas - University of Georgia • Guretzky, John - University of Nebraska • McCulley, Rebecca - University of Kentucky • Miller, Rhonda - Utah State University • Popp, Michael - University of Arkansas • Silva, Liliane - Clemson University Apologies • Dr Glaze-Corcoran – travelling • Menendez, Hector - South Dakota State University

Minutes-of-the-2023-NC1182-Annual-Meeting.docx

Accomplishments

Accomplishments:

 

Short-term Outcomes: Quantitative, measurable benefits of the research outputs as experienced by those who receive them. Examples include the adoption of a technology, the creation of jobs, reduced cost to the consumer, less pesticide exposure to farmers, or access to more nutritious food.

 

Research in NE has evaluated how co-seeding grasses and legumes in a grazed, double cropped, annual forage system affects aboveground biomass, soil nitrogen availability and greenhouse gas emissions.  In contrast to hypotheses, though, we found nitrogen-fertilized pastures to produce 23-31% and 9-21% more aboveground biomass across spring and summer production phases than legume-mixed and unfertilized pastures, respectively. 

 

Ongoing research efforts in SC focused on the use of annual forage legumes and their impact on forage, animal and soil responses. The first year of a long-term study focusing on overseeding bermudagrass fields was completed, and soil health parameters will be measured in 2024.

 

For Objective 1, crossbred steers grazed pasture of bermudagrass (CONT), bermudagrass overseeded with sorghum sudangrass (SS), or bermudagrass overseeded with sorghum sudangrass and cowpea (SSCP) in alternate drill passes during the summers of 2021 and 2022, in AR. When averaged across the two years, steer gains were 2.23 lb/day in SS and SSCP vs. 1.85 lb/day from CONT.

 

For Objective 2, growing lambs were housed in individual pens with metal grate flooring for a feed intake and digestion study, in AR.  Lambs were offered ad libitum access to diets of bermudagrass hay with either non-toxic fescue seed (E-) with no red clover extract, toxic fescue seed (E+) with no red clover extract, or E+ with 0.33%, 0.67% or 1.0% red clover extract.

 

Plant populations of T. stoloniferum were measured at 6 of the 12 planted sites in Ohio in Spring 2023. The total number of plants (crowns) was 4164. This was a 46% increase from the total known population of approximately 9000 plants at the natural sites in Ohio.

 

During 2022-2023, faculty from University of Kentucky published data from a number of forage variety trials, other on-farm work, and scientific studies and trained numerous undergraduate and graduate students. Outreach activities included leadership of the International Grasslands Congress, held in Covington, OH in May 2023, and participation in the annual AFGC meeting in Winston-Salem, NC, in January. Two students were graduates (1 PhD and 1 MS), and several other new students were started. New research in the Pyrenees of France was initiated, based on funding from NSF. A student intern was advised as part of the AFRI-SAS-CAP grant effort.


 

Outputs: Defined products (tangible or intangible) that are delivered by a research project. Examples of outputs are reports, data, information, observations, publications,

and patents.

 

 

The primary output from this project are research publications (listed below). Interim outputs include reports, data, and information that leads to publications. Other outputs include research results that are shared with producers at extension meetings, and agronomic information that is included into educational curriculum delivered to K-12, undergraduate and graduate students. The University of Arkansas produced decision software products, and delivered to stakeholders as an online resource. The majority of participants gave scientific presentations at professional meetings (typically are unpublished, or Abstracts). There were no patents from this program.

 


 

Activities: Organized and specific functions or duties carried out by individuals or teams using scientific methods to reveal new knowledge and develop new understanding.

 

Loss of N from grazing systems is costly to the producer and to the environment.  It can be lost to the atmosphere as NH3, and N2O gases, both of which can be strong greenhouse gases. Nitrogen in the form of nitrate can also be leached to groundwater, runoff to streams contaminating our streams and reservoirs. Grazing lands are known to build soil carbon but the amount is dependent on many synergistic factors including water, soil, and biodiversity.  Optimized sustainable grazing systems will retain carbon, capture and filter rainfall, retain N in plant available forms and have diverse array of beneficial insects that predate on pests of forage and cattle. Each of these are ecosystem services. In this research we will focus on quantifying ecosystem services (measures of sustainability) that grazing systems can provide: capturing rainfall to bank and filter water, reduce GHG emissions, biodiversity, and readily available plant nutrients.

            This past year research in GA completed analysis of soil samples for background concentrations on nitrogen and carbon to 90cm, biodiversity, and incidence of filth flies on ten pastures which were historically fertilized with either broiler litter or mineral fertilizer and had differing drainage classes.  Were able to graduate one M.S. student and publish one paper on filth flies and biodiversity and the other manuscript is pending review. Ph.D. student presented his findings in one talk and one poster at the Tri-societies meeting in St Louis, MO In Oct-Nov 2023.  We found that there were distinct differences in carbon and nitrogen retention is pastures historically fertilized with broiler litter and much of that nitrogen was in the form of nitrate. Well-drained soils historically fertilized broiler litter retained more nitrate at almost every depth. During early summer 2023 we initialized treatments and measured soil nitrogen and carbon near the surface and GHG losses up the catena within each pasture seasonally. Exclusions were planted again in the fall 2023.

In the Central Mountain region (Utah), four grass species were evaluated in an organic dairy heifer system.  The four grass species were grown as monocultures (MONO), versus grass-legume mixtures (MIX) with four breeds of dairy heifers (Holstein, Jersey, Holstein x Jersey crossbreds, and ProCross 3-way crossbreds) also being evaluated for rate of gain.  A rotational grazing management system was used. Plant samples were collected prior to, and after grazing events and analyzed for total N. The impact on nutrient cycling was examined by determination of the nutrients in each phase (plant, soil, and soil water). Herbage dry matter analyses and yield measurements will be utilized to calculate the nutrients being removed in the plant phase. Soil samples was collected at three depths (0-30 cm, 30-60 cm, and 60-90 cm) at the beginning and end of each grazing season and analyzed for available N (NO3-N, ammonium NH4-N), total N, and total C. Leachate samples were collected bi-weekly through the growing season via zero-tension lysimeters and analyzed for NO3-N.

Climate change will significantly impact the world’s ecosystems, in part by altering species interactions and ecological processes, such as herbivory and plant community dynamics, which may impact forage quality and ecosystem production. Yet relatively few field experimental manipulations assessing all of these parameters have been performed to date. To help fill this knowledge gap, we evaluated the effects of increased temperature (+3°C day and night, year-round) and precipitation (+30% of mean annual rainfall) on slug herbivory and abundance and plant community dynamics biweekly in a pasture located in central Kentucky, U.S.A. Warming increased slug abundance once during the winter, likely due to improving conditions for foraging, whereas warming reduced slug abundance at times in late spring, mid-summer, and early fall (from 62–95% reduction depending on month). We found that warming and increased precipitation did not significantly modify slug herbivory at our site, despite altering slug abundance and affecting plant community composition and forage quality. Climate change will alter seasonal patterns of slug abundance through both direct effects on slug biology and indirect effects mediated by changes in the plant community, suggesting that pasture management practices may have to adapt.

In 2023, research as NE conducted the second of a three-year, repeated measures experiment evaluating grazing pastures with and without forage legumes.  The experiment compares 1) N-fertilized, 2) legume-mixed, and 3) unfertilized management systems across fall-to-spring and summer production phases of triticale and pearl millet, respectively, double cropped in sequence across a 3.6-ha field subdivided into nine, 0.4-ha pastures.  In the N-fertilized system, we broadcast applied granular urea at 68 kg N/ha twice a year.  The first application occurred in late March-early April on triticale.  The second application occurred in early June on pearl millet.  In the legume-mixed system, we co-seeded triticale and pearl millet with red clover and soybean, respectively, instead of fertilizing.  In the unfertilized system, the triticale and pearl millet double crops did not receive any fertilizer or legume co-seeding. 

The nine pastures accommodated three replications of each system and two cross-bred steers (Bos taurus) per pasture for 30-45 days of grazing on triticale in spring.  During the spring production phase, we collected aboveground biomass samples every two weeks while cattle grazed the pastures and from exclosures for measurement of aboveground biomass accumulation in the absence of grazing.  During the summer production phase, we allowed aboveground biomass to accumulate across a 70-day before subsampling for aboveground biomass and harvesting the pastures for hay.

Also in NE, research utilized the double crop experiment described in objective 1, specific objective ii.  In 2023, we measured soil N (NO3-N and NH4-N) three times during the growing season (before fertilizer application, after grazing, and after harvesting).  The measurement of GHG emissions began in 2020 and continued in 2023.  The CO2, N2O, and CH4 flux data is still under processing. In FY2023, we also conducted organic matter fractionation. Soil was fractionated into three fractions, specifically free particulate organic C and N, occluded particulate organic C and N, and mineral-associated organic C and N.

Impacts

  1. This project has potential to impact the broader public because of its emphasis on evaluating use of legumes versus nitrogen fertilizer in forage-based livestock production systems. Greater use of legumes versus nitrogen fertilizer will reduce greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen losses to the environment, thereby reducing impact of agriculture on climate change and costs to ameliorate non-point source pollution of U.S. water systems. Use of legumes in forage-based livestock production systems also has the potential to enhance habitat for wildlife like grassland birds that depend on seeds from forbs and pollinators like bees and butterflies that use floral resources, pollen, and nectar for nutrient and energy intake.
  2. "Soil-Litter Mixing Mediates Drivers of Dryland Decomposition along a Continuum of Biotic and Abiotic Factors" - McBride et al. 2023. Ecosystems. Issue: Litter decomposition is a key ecosystem process that determines rates of carbon and nutrient cycling. Photodegradation and soil-litter mixing have emerged as important drivers of dryland litter decomposition, but how these processes interact with decomposing microorganisms has received less attention. Action: In this study, we examined the effects of ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B; 280-315 nm) and soil-litter mixing on the decomposition of litter and its associated microbial community in an arid shrubland. We performed a full factorial litter decomposition experiment using leaf litter from a dominant shrub (Prosopis velutina) and a dominant grass (Eragrostis lehmanniana) that were exposed to solar radiation with near-ambient or attenuated UV-B, and were either soil-free or soil-covered; we then quantified litter decomposition and microbial community composition over a 12 month period. Impact: In general, shrub litter decomposed more rapidly than grass litter regardless of soil coverage, likely due to its lower C:N. Attenuation of UV-B had modest effects on decomposition but UV-B exposure did increase fungal biomass, perhaps reflecting facilitative aspects of photodegradation. Both bacteria and fungi emerged as important regulators of decomposition, and microbial decomposition was indirectly mediated by litter C:N, soil coverage, and UV-B effects on the microbial community. Bacterial colonization was inhibited in soil-free treatments but was facilitated when litter was soil-covered. These findings suggest that UV-B may plan an important role in facilitating fungal decomposition of letter, while soil-litter mixing is fundamental for promoting bacterial decomposition of litter.
  3. Issue: Ecological models predict that the effects of mammalian herbivore exclusion on plant diversity depend on resource availability and plant exposure to ungulate grazing over evolutionary time. Action: Using an experiment replicated in 57 grasslands on six continents, with contrasting evolutionary history of grazing, we tested how resources (mean annual precipitation and soil nutrients) determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity, richness and evenness. Impact: We show that at sites with a long history of ungulate grazing, herbivore exclusion reduced plant diversity by reducing both richness and evenness and the responses of richness and diversity to herbivore exclusion decreased with mean annual precipitation. At sites with a short history of grazing, the effects of herbivore exclusion were not related to precipitation but differed for native and exotic plant richness. Thus, plant species' evolutionary history of grazing continues to shape the response of the world's grasslands to changing mammalian herbivory.

Publications

Journal Articles

  1. Price, J.N., J. Sitters, T. Ohlert, P.M. Tognetti, C.S. Brown, E.W. Seabloom, E.T. Borer, S.M. Prober, E.S. Bakker, A.S. MacDougall, L. Yahdjian, D.S. Gruner, H. Olde Venterink, I.C. Barrio, P. Graff, S. Bagchi, C.A. Arnillas, J.D. Bakker, D.M. Blumenthal, E.H. Boughton, L.A. Brudvig, M.N. Bugalho, M.W. Cadotte, M.C. Caldeira, C.R. Dickman, I. Donohue, S. Gregory, Y. Hautier, I.S. Jonsdottir, J.L. Lannes, R.L. McCulley, J.L. Moore, S.A. Power, A.C. Risch, M. Schutz, R. Standish, C.J. Stevens, G.F. Veen, R. Virtanen, and G.M. Wardle. 2022. Evolutionary history of grazing and resources determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity. Nature Ecology & Evolution 6(9): 1290-1298. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01809-9
  2. Vázquez, E., P-M. Schleuss, E.T. Borer, M.N. Bugalho, M.C. Caldeira, N. Eisenhauer, A. Eskelinen, P.A. Fay, S. Haider, A. Jentsch, K.P. Kirkman, R.L. McCulley, P.L. Peri, J. Price, A.E. Richards, A.C. Risch, C. Roscher, M. Schütz, E.W. Seabloom, R.J. Standish, C.J. Stevens, M.J. Tedder, R. Virtanen, and M. Spohn. 2022. Nitrogen but not phosphorus addition affects symbiotic N2 fixation by legumes in natural and semi-natural grasslands located on four continents. Plant and Soil 478: 689-707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05498-y
  3. Nepel, M., R. Angel, E.T. Borer, B. Frey, A.S. MacDougall, R.L. McCulley, A.C. Risch, M. Schutz, E.W. Seabloom, and D. Woebken. 2022. Global grassland diazotrophic communities are structured by combined abiotic, biotic, and spatial distance factors but resilient to fertilization. Frontiers in Microbiology. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.821030
  4. Gill, A.L., P.B. Adler, E.T. Borer, C.R. Buyarski, E.E. Cleland, C.M. D'Antonio, K.F. Davies, D.S. Gruner, W.S. Harpole, K.S. Hofmockel, A.S. MacDougall, R.L. McCulley, B.A. Melbourne, J.L. Moore, J.W. Morgan, A.C. Risch, M. Schutz, E.W. Seabloom, J.P. Wright, L.H. Yang, and S.E. Hobbie. 2022. Nitrogen increases early-stage and slows late-stage decomposition across diverse grasslands. Journal of Ecology 110(6):1376-1389. doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.13878
  5. Stults, T. J., Popp, M. P. (2022). A Decision-Support System for Economic Feasibility of Subsurfaced Poultry Litter. Journal of Applied Farm Economics, 5(1), 28-48. Purdue University. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/jafe/vol5/iss1/3/
  6. Oliver, K., M. Popp, D. Fang, J. Anderson, N. Slaton, G. Drescher, T. Roberts and J. Thompson. (2023). Potassium Fertilizer Rate Recommendations: Does Accounting for Soil Stock of Potassium Matter? Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics.  In Press.
  7. Grote, A.J., C.C. Nieman, A.R. Morgan, K.P. Coffey, D. Philipp, E.B. Kegley, J.L. Edwards. 2023.  Using supplemental condensed tannin to mitigate tall fescue toxicosis in non-pregnant, non-lactating ewes consuming tall fescue silage. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 295:115516. doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115516
  8. Diaz, J.M., K.P. Coffey, W.K. Coblentz, D. Philipp, V. Niyigena.  2022.  Intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance by sheep offered ensiled tall fescue, meadow fescue, or orchardgrass that was fertilized with dairy slurry or urea. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 292:115447. doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115447
  9. Gunter, S. A., M. S. Gadberry, K. P. Coffey, C. A. Moffet. 2022. Comparison of two software programs for fitting one- and two-compartment age-dependent non-linear digestion models for ruminants: empirical data. Anim. Prod. Sci. doi:10.1071/AN21311.
  10. Nieman, C. C., K. P. Coffey, A. N. Young, E. B. Kegley, P. Hornsby, J. Hollenback, D. Philipp.  2022. Intake, digestibility, and rumen fermentation by lactating beef cows offered bermudagrass hay with different sources of dried distillers grains. Appl. Anim. Sci. 38:237-245. https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2021-02236
  11. Niyigena, V., K. P. Coffey, W. K. Coblentz, D. Philipp, C., Althaber, J. Diaz Gomez, R. T. Rhein, M. C. Pruden. 2022. Intake, digestibility rumen fermentation and nitrogen balance in lambs offered alfalfa and tall fescue-mixtures harvested and ensiled after a frost. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 286:115268. DOI.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115268
  12. Subedi, A., Franklin, D., Cabrera, M., Dahal, S., Hancock, D., McPherson, A., & Stewart, L. (2022). Extreme Weather and Grazing Management Influence Soil Carbon and Compaction. AGRONOMY-BASEL, 12(9), 15 pages. doi:10.3390/agronomy12092073
  13. Vasco, C.; Burt, J.; Mullenix, M.K.; Silva, L.S.; Groce, K.; Manson, K, Prevatt, C.; Tucker, J. 2023. Agronomic and structural responses of stockpiled alfalfa-bermudagrass systems. Crop, Forage, and Turfgrass Management. doi: 10.1002/cft2.20223
  14. Ge, J., S.L. Shelby, Y. Wang, P. D. Morse, K. Coffey, J. Li, T. Geng, Y. Yang. 2023. Cardioprotective properties of quercetin in fescue toxicosis-induced cardiotoxicity via heart-gut axis in lambs (Ovis Aries). J. Hazardous Materials. 458:131843. doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131843
  15. Grote, A.J., C.C. Nieman, A.R. Morgan, K.P. Coffey, D. Philipp, E.B. Kegley, J.L. Edwards. 2023.  Using supplemental condensed tannin to mitigate tall fescue toxicosis in non-pregnant, non-lactating ewes consuming tall fescue silage. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 295:115516. doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115516
  16. Nieman, C.C., Z. Madzonga 2, A. N. Young-Kenworthy, K.P. Coffey. 2023.  Intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and in situ disappearance of bermudagrass hay by lactating beef cows offered corn or hominy feed as supplements at two different rates. Animals 13, 1845. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13111845
  17. Lindsey, Barker (2023) Improved Instructional Practices Improve Student Success on Certified Crop Adviser Exams. Natural Sciences Education http://doi.org/10.1002/nse2.20102 
  18. Szymczak, de Moraes, Sulc, Barker, Monteiro, Lang, Moraes, Lemaire, Carvalho (2023) Convergence points of optimal herbage accumulation and intake rate by sheep grazing tall fescue. Grass and Forage Science.  http://doi.org/10.1111/gfs.12630 
  19. Lankitus, Zhang, Ariyaratne, Barker, McNulty, Amstutz, Zhao, Cornish. (2023) Agrobacterium rhizogenes–induced Altered Morphology and Physiology in Rubber Dandelion after Genetic Transformation. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 148(1):21-28. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS05217-22 '
  20. A. Gauci, J. P. Fulton, A. Lindsey, S. A. Shearer, D. Barker & E. M. Hawkins (2023) “Precision of grain yield monitors for use in on-farm research strip trials” Published: 11 December 2023. Precision Agriculture  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-023-10092-y 
  21. Espinoza, N., Franklin, D.H., Cabrera, M., Hinkle, N.C., Stewart, L. and Subedi, A., 2023. Interaction of Filth Flies and Epigeal Arthropods with Soil Nitrogen and Gas Emissions in Grazing Systems under a Legacy of Low Fertilization. Sustainability, 15(16), p.12572.
  22. Bakker, J.D., J.N. Price, J.A. Henning, E.E. Batzer, T.J. Ohlert, C.E. Wainwright, P.B. Adler, J. Alberti, C.A. Arnillas, L.A. Biederman, E.T. Borer, L.A. Brudvig, Y.M. Buckley, M.N. Bugalho, M.W. Cadotte, M.C. Caldeira, J.A. Catford, Q. Chen, M.J. Crawley, P. Daleo, C.R. Dickman, I. Donohue, M.E. DuPre, A. Ebelling, N. Eisenhauer, P.A. Fay, D.S. Gruner, S. Haider, Y. Hautier, A. Jentsch, K. Kirkman, J.M.H. Knops, L.S. Lannes, A.S. MacDougall, R.L. McCulley, R.M. Mitchell, J.L. Moore, J.W. Morgan, B. Mortensen, H.O. Venterink, P.L. Peri, S.A. Power, S.M. Prober, C. Roscher, M. Sankaran, E.W. Seablomm, M.D. Smith, C. Stevens, L.L. Sullivan, M. Tedder, G.F. Veen, R. Virtanen, and G.M. Wardle. 2023. Compositional variation in grassland plant communities. Ecosphere. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4542
  23. McBride, S.G., E.M. Levi, J.A. Nelson®, S.R. Archer, P.W. Barnes, H.L. Throop, K. Predick, and R.L. McCulley. 2023. Soil-litter mixing mediates drivers of dryland decomposition along a continuum of biotic and abiotic factors. Ecosystems. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-023-00837-1
  24. Risch, A.C., S. Zimmermann, M. Schutz, E.T. Borer, A.A.D. Broadbent, M.C. Caldeira, K.F. Davies, N. Eisenhauer, A. Eskelinen, P.A. Fay, F. Hagedorn, J.M.H. Knops, J.J. Lembrechts, A.S. MacDougall, R.L. McCulley, B.A. Melbourne, J.L. Moore, S.A. Power, E.W. Seabloom, M.L. Silviera, R. Virtanen, L. Yahdijian, and R. Ochoa-Hueso. 2023. Drivers of the microbial metabolic quotient across global grasslands. Global Ecology and Biogeography 32(6):904-918. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13664
  25. Dee, L.E., P.J. Ferraro, C.N. Severen, K.A. Kimmel, E.T. Borer, J.E.K. Byrnes, A.T. Clark, Y. Hautier, A. Hector, X. Raynaud, P.B. Reich, A.J. Wright, C.A. Arnillas, K.F. Davies, A. MacDougall, A.S. Mori, M.D. Smith, P.B. Adler, J.D. Bakker, K.A. Brauman, J. Cowles, K. Komatsu, J.M.H. Knops, R.L. McCulley, J.L. Moore, J.W. Morgan, T. Ohlert, S.A. Power, L.L. Sullivan, C. Stevens, and M. Loreau. 2023. Clarifying the effect of biodiversity on productivity in natural ecosystems with longitudinal data and methods for causal inference. Nature Communications 14:2607. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37194-5
  26. Daleo, P., J. Alberti, E.J. Chaneton, W. Iribarne, P.M. Tognetti, J.D. Bakker, E.T. Borer, M. Bruschetti, A.S. MacDougall, J. Pascual, M. Sankaran, E.W. Seabloom, S. Wang, S. Bagchi, L.A. Brudvig, J.A. Catford, C.R. Dickman, T.L. Dickson, I. Donohue, N. Eisenhauer, D.S. Gruner, S. Haider, A. Jentsch, J.M.H. Knops, Y. Lekberg, R.L. McCulley, J.L. Moore, B. Mortensen, T. Ohlert, M. Partel, P.L. Peri, S.A. Power, A.C. Risch, C. Rocca, N.G. Smith, C. Stevens, R. Tamme, G.F. Veen, P.A. Wilfahrt, and Y. Hautier. 2023. Environmental heterogeneity modulates the effect of plant diversity on the spatial variability of grassland biomass. Nature Communications. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37395-y
  27. Weber, D., R.K. McGrail, A.E. Carlisle®, J.D. Harwood, and R.L. McCulley. 2023. Climate change alters slug abundance but not herbivory in a temperate grassland. PLOS ONE 18(3): e0283128. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283128
  28. Frey, B., B. Moser, B. Tytgat, S. Zimmermann, J. Alberti, L. Biederman, E. Borer, A. Broadbent, M. Caldeira, K. Davies, N. Eisenhauer, A. Eskelinen, P. Fay, F. Hagedorn, Y. Hautier, A. MacDougall, R.L. McCulley, J. Moore, M. Nepel, S. Power, E. Seabloom, E. Vazquez, R. Virtanen, L. Yahdjian, and A. Risch. 2023. Long-term N-addition disrupts the community composition of functionally important N-cycling soil microorganisms across global grasslands. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 176: 10887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108887
  29. Muehleisen, A.J., C.R.E. Watkins, G.R. Altmire, E.A. Shaw, M.F. Case, L. Aoyama, A. Brambila, P.B. Reed, M. LaForgia, E.T. Borer, E.W. Seabloom, J.D. Bakker, C.A. Arnillas, L. Biederman, Q. Chen, E.E. Cleland, P.A. Fay, N. Hagenah, S. Harpole, Y. Hautier, J.A. Henning, J.M.H. Knops, K.J. Komatsu, E. Ladouceur, A. MacDougall, R.L. McCulley, J.L. Moore, T. Ohlert, S.A. Power, C.J. Stevens, P. Wilfahrt, and L.M. Hallett. 2022. Nutrient addition drives declines in grassland species richness primarily via enhanced species loss. Journal of Ecology 111(3): 552-563. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14038
  30. Yang, Z., L. Teng-Chiu, L. Wang, S. Chen, X. Liu, D. Xiong, C. Xu, M. Arthur, R.L. McCulley, S. Shi, and Y. Yang. 2022. Recent photosynthates are the primary carbon source for soil microbial respiration in subtropical forest. Geophysical Research Letters 49(22): e2022GL101147. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL101147
  31. Rocci, K.S., K.S. Barker, E.W. Seabloom, E.T. Borer, S.E. Hobbie, J.D. Bakker, A.S. MacDougall, R.L. McCulley, J.L. Moore, X. Raynaud, C.J. Stevens, and M.F. Cotrufo. 2022. Impacts of nutrient addition on soil carbon and nitrogen stoichiometry and stability in globally-distributed grasslands. Biogeochemistry 159: 353-370.
  32. Osburn, E.D., S.G. McBride, J.V. Kupper, J.A. Nelson, D.H. McNear Jr., R.L. McCulley, and J.E. Barrett. 2022. Accurate detection of soil microbial community responses to environmental change requires the use of multiple methods. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 169: 108685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108685
  33. Price, J.N., J. Sitters, T. Ohlert, P.M. Tognetti, C.S. Brown, E.W. Seabloom, E.T. Borer, S.M. Prober, E.S. Bakker, A.S. MacDougall, L. Yahdjian, D.S. Gruner, H. Olde Venterink, I.C. Barrio, P. Graff, S. Bagchi, C.A. Arnillas, J.D. Bakker, D.M. Blumenthal, E.H. Boughton, L.A. Brudvig, M.N. Bugalho, M.W. Cadotte, M.C. Caldeira, C.R. Dickman, I. Donohue, S. Gregory, Y. Hautier, I.S. Jonsdottir, J.L. Lannes, R.L. McCulley, J.L. Moore, S.A. Power, A.C. Risch, M. Schutz, R. Standish, C.J. Stevens, G.F. Veen, R. Virtanen, and G.M. Wardle. 2022. Evolutionary history of grazing and resources determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity. Nature Ecology & Evolution 6(9): 1290-1298. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01809-9
  34. Vázquez, E., P-M. Schleuss, E.T. Borer, M.N. Bugalho, M.C. Caldeira, N. Eisenhauer, A. Eskelinen, P.A. Fay, S. Haider, A. Jentsch, K.P. Kirkman, R.L. McCulley, P.L. Peri, J. Price, A.E. Richards, A.C. Risch, C. Roscher, M. Schütz, E.W. Seabloom, R.J. Standish, C.J. Stevens, M.J. Tedder, R. Virtanen, and M. Spohn. 2022. Nitrogen but not phosphorus addition affects symbiotic N2 fixation by legumes in natural and semi-natural grasslands located on four continents. Plant and Soil 478: 689-707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05498-y
  35. Nepel, M., R. Angel, E.T. Borer, B. Frey, A.S. MacDougall, R.L. McCulley, A.C. Risch, M. Schutz, E.W. Seabloom, and D. Woebken. 2022. Global grassland diazotrophic communities are structured by combined abiotic, biotic, and spatial distance factors but resilient to fertilization. Frontiers in Microbiology. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.821030
  36. Gill, A.L., P.B. Adler, E.T. Borer, C.R. Buyarski, E.E. Cleland, C.M. D'Antonio, K.F. Davies, D.S. Gruner, W.S. Harpole, K.S. Hofmockel, A.S. MacDougall, R.L. McCulley, B.A. Melbourne, J.L. Moore, J.W. Morgan, A.C. Risch, M. Schutz, E.W. Seabloom, J.P. Wright, L.H. Yang, and S.E. Hobbie. 2022. Nitrogen increases early-stage and slows late-stage decomposition across diverse grasslands. Journal of Ecology 110(6):1376-1389. doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.13878
  37. Jacobs, A.A., R.S. Evans, J.K. Allison, E.R. Garner, W.L. Kingery, and R.L. McCulley. 2022. Cover crops and no-tillage reduce crop production costs and soil loss, compensating for lack of short-term soil quality improvement in a maize and soybean production system. Soil and Tillage Research 218: 105310. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2021.105310.

 Abstracts

  1. Koirala, Barker, Gesch, Mohammed, Heller, Hard, Wells, Phippen, Tas, Lindsey (2023) Seed Treatment Affected Pennycress Establishment and Yield in Two Pennycress Lines. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution – Interdisciplinary Climate Studies. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2023.1205259/abstract
  2. Subedi, A., Franklin, D. H., Cabrera, M. L., & Espinoza, N. B. (2023) Can Fertilizer Legacy and Soil Drainage Class Influence GHG Emissions? [Abstract]. ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting, St. Louis, MO. https://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2023am/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/154100
  3. Subedi, A., Franklin, D. H., Cabrera, M. L., & Espinoza, N. B. (2023) Differences in Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, and Forage Biomass between Pastures with Either Broiler Litter or Mineral Fertilization [Abstract]. ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting, St. Louis, MO. https://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2023am/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/154092

 Scientific and Outreach Presentations

McGrail, R.K., R.C. Pearce, S.T. Lucas, L. Moe, and R.L. McCulley. 2022. The impact of industrial hemp on Kentucky's cropping rotations. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD.

McGrail, R.K., J.D. Moore, A.E. Carlisle, J.A. Nelson, and R.L. McCulley. 2023. Novel fungal endophyte infection impacts grassland greenhouse gas emissions under climate stressors. AFGC Annual Meeting, Winston-Salem, NC.

Jacobs, A.A., M.D. Flythe, D.G. Ely, L. Munoz, J. May, J.A. Nelson, V. Stanton, and R.L. McCulley. 2023. Feed supplementation with natural red clover product, biochanin A, decreases trace gas emissions from soil-applied livestock waste. AFGC Annual Meeting, Winston-Salem, NC.

McGrail, R.K., A.E. Carlisle, J.A. Nelson, R.D. Dinkins, and R.L. McCulley. 2023. Plant and endophyte genetics influence vertical transmission under projected climate change scenarios. AFGC Annual Meeting, Winston-Salem, NC.

McCulley, R.L. 2023. Climatic resiliency of Kentucky forage systems. AFGC Annual Meeting, Winston-Salem, NC.

 

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