Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The NCCC-211 team is an integral part of the Midwest Cover Crop Council (MCCC); as such our efforts are often one and the same. NCCC-211 has active or in-process representation from ten states now, having gained new representatives from Ohio and Illinois in 2023. We continue to look for new representation from MO and SD. The MCCC aims at participation from all 12 states and 2 Canadian provinces with university, ARS, agri-business, agency, farmer, and non-profit representation. NCCC-211 and MCCC are focused on developing tools and outreach materials to facilitate widespread successful adoption of cover crops across the Midwest. The MCCC has developed outreach and education efforts at Commodity Classic in 2022 (Orlando, FL) and 2023 (Houston, TX), with a booth present at each event and ample interaction with stakeholders. Also, MCC added presence at the Soil and Water Conservation Society annual meeting.

Short-term outcomes

There is greater awareness and understanding of cover crops and their potential beneficial effects across the Midwest. A larger number of students have been involved in core cover crop research and training. Farmers are asking for more information and guidance about integrating them into their cropping systems. Members of NCCC-211 and MCCC have contributed to this greater understanding among agricultural audiences.

For example, Michigan State hosted a cover crop in-service training for agricultural professionals funded by a grant from NRCS. It trained 46 ag professionals from 30 counties on cover crop practices, of which 88% indicated they would take action resulting from the training (estimated reach was 2688 farmers). Like in Michigan, several similar programs are hosted annually in other participating states.

Outputs

Cover Crop Recipes continue to be developed to provide a starting point for farmers who are new to growing cover crops. In total 34 state specific Recipes have been developed.

A new intern worked on validating state data on the background sheets for the Decision Tool for each state.

The website was refreshed and updated to make navigation easier and to give it a more modern look and feel.

New funds from NRCS were obtained, which allowed hiring a half-time Extension Educator at MSU who will work on developing and implementing cover crop trainings for NRCS and other field staff who work directly with farmers.

With the cover crop decision tool, we continued to update states’ data on a rolling basis. This work is done in conjunction with technical experts in each state, building consensus among professionals working in each state.

New cover crop training, three trainings last Fall 2023 (Indiana, Iowa, Michigan). These trainings were targeted for NRCS and industry professionals as a pilot for a continued trainings in all 12 of the North Central U.S. states.

New cover crop training module project built from a college course developed from Precision Sustainable Agriculture project. The course is being modified for online modules to be available for and used by agricultural professionals.

The MCCC professional development program track for graduate students was started in 2023, continued at the 2024 MCCC annual meeting. Graduate students from the Midwest region presented posters about the cover crop research. About 20 students presented research posters on cover crops in 2023 annual meeting.

USDA-NIFA SAS CAP Precision Sustainable Agriculture (PSA) Coordinated Agriculture Project continued with representatives from 6 states (IA, IN, KS, MI, NE, WI). This project has coordinated research protocols for on-farm experiments (3 per state) in IA, IN, KS, NE, and WI to investigate soil moisture and cover crop decomposition. Additionally, experiment station trials include cover crop plus optimal N rates and termination timing influence on pest/disease dynamics, and cover crop decomposition. In addition, the newly developed undergraduate cover crop course that was offered for the first time in the fall of 2021 simultaneously at 7 institutions, the course was offered again in fall 2022, and in fall 2023. Michigan State University and University of Nebraska - Lincoln representatives promoted MCCC/NCCC-211 materials to be included (i.e. all students received a Cover Crop Field Guide, management course module showcased the Selector Tool). This course has received excellent reviews from students who enjoy learning from students and faculty across the seven institutions.

Activities

Number of graduate students, postdocs, and visiting scientists involved in cover crop work: 92

Number of presentations: 157

Number of research publications: 61

Number of Extension publications: 74

Number of Abstracts: 24

Number of thesis and dissertations: 24

Number of grants: 8

Milestones

Through strategic planning the MCCC executive committee refined 3 key focus areas: education, network growth, and collective impact. 

Educational milestones have been achieved through publication of additional cover crop recipes, new web materials such as the termination page, and assistance with trainings and workshops around the region.

A network growth milestone was achieved by MCCC participating as an exhibitor at several national meetings attended by farmers and other agribusiness, such as Commodity Classic and Soil and Water Conservation Society annual meeting, to help broaden the reach and distribution of outreach materials. 

Collective impact is being accomplished through the SAS CAP project and also the work of the Program Manager in assisting the new Western Cover Crops Council in their development of a Selector Tool for their region.

Peer-reviewed Publications (61 listed)

1. Brainard, DC; Hayden, ZD; Benzle, MM; Metiva, M; Appenfeller, LR; Szendrei, Z. 2023. Strip-tillage and Zonal Cover Cropping Effects on Organic Squash Production. HORTSCIENCE 58:197-204. DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI16863-22
2. Bressler, A. and J. Blesh. 2023. A grass–legume cover crop maintains nitrogen inputs and nitrous oxide fluxes from an organic agroecosystem. Ecosphere 14:e4428.
3. Curtright, AJ; Renner, KA; Tiemann, LK. 2023. Availability of dissolved organic carbon drives differences in microbial nitrogen-cycling processes between two sites with cover crops interseeded into corn. SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA. DOI: 10.1002/saj2.20604
4. Fisher, JL; Sprague, CL. 2023. Contributions of shading, soybean (Glycine max) row width, and planting green on horseweed (Conyza canadensis) management compared with soil-applied residual herbicides. WEED TECHNOLOGY.  DOI: 10.1017/wet.2023.49 
5. Guo, T; Marquart-Pyatt, ST; Beethem, K; Denny, R; Lai, J. 2023. Scaling up agricultural conservation: Predictors of cover crop use across time and space in the US Upper Midwest. JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION  78:335-346. DOI: 10.2489/jSWC.2023.00084 
6. Guo, T; Marquart-Pyatt, ST; Robertson, GP. 2023. Using three consecutive years of farmer survey data to identify prevailing conservation practices in four Midwestern US states. RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS, Volume: 38, Article: e44. DOI: 0.1017/S1742170523000364 
7. Hayden, ZD; Ngouajio, M; Brainard, DC. 2023. Rye-vetch residue quality and plastic mulch affect soil nitrogen dynamics in vegetable production systems. AGRONOMY JOURNAL 115:1463-1477. DOI: 10.1002/agj2.21318
8. Liptzin, D., E. L. Rieke, S. B. Cappellazzi, G. M. Bean, M. Cope, K. L. Greub, C. E. Norris, P. W. Tracy, E. Aberle, A. Ashworth, O. B. Tavarez, A. I. Bary, R. L. Baumhardt, A. B. Gracia, D. C. Brainard, J. R. Brennan, D. B. Reyes, D. Bruhjell, C. N. Carlyle, J. J. Crawford, C. F. Creech, S. W. Culman, B. Deen, C. J. Dell, J. D. Derner, T. F. Ducey, S. W. Duiker, R. S. Dungan, M. F. Dyck, B. H. Ellert, M. H. Entz, A. E. Solorio, S. J. Fonte, S. Fonteyne, A. Fortuna, J. L. Foster, L. M. Fultz, A. V. Gamble, C. M. Geddes, D. Griffin-LaHue, J. H. Grove, S. K. Hamilton, X. Hao, Z. D. Hayden, N. Honsdorf, J. A. Howe, J. A. Ippolito, G. A. Johnson, M. A. Kautz, N. R. Kitchen, S. Kumar, K. S. Kurtz, F. J. Larney, K. L. Lewis, M. Liebman, A. L. Ramirez, S. Machado, B. Maharjan, M. A. Gamiño, W. E. May, M. P. McClaran, M. D. McDaniel, N. Millar, J. P. Mitchell, A. D. Moore, P. A. Moore Jr, M. M. Gutiérrez, K. A. Nelson, E. C. Omondi, S. L. Osborne, L. O. Alcalá, P. Owens, E. M. Pena-Yewtukhiw, H. J. Poffenbarger, B. P. Lira, J. R. Reeve, T. M. Reinbott, M. S. Reiter, E. L. Ritchey, K. L. Roozeboom, Y. Rui, A. Sadeghpour, U. M. Sainju, G. R. Sanford, W. F. Schillinger, R. R. Schindelbeck, M. E. Schipanski, A. J. Schlegel, K. M. Scow, L. A. Sherrod, A. L. Shober, S. S. Sidhu, E. S. Moya, M. S. Luce, J. S. Strock, A. E. Suyker, V. R. Sykes, H. Tao, A. T. Campos, L. L. Van Eerd, H. M. van Es, N. Verhulst, T. J. Vyn, Y. Wang, D. B. Watts, D. L. Wright, T. Zhang, C. L. Morgan, and C. W. Honeycutt. 2023. An evaluation of nitrogen indicators for soil health in long-term agricultural experiments. Soil Science Society of America Journal 87:868-884. https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20558
9. Peng, YJ; Rieke, EL; Chahal, I; Norris, CE; Janovicek, K; Mitchell, JP; Roozeboom, KL; Hayden, ZD; Strock, JS; Machado, S; Sykes, VR; Deen, B; Tavarez, OB; Gamble, AV; Scow, KM; Brainard, DC; Millar, N; Johnson, GA; Schindelbeck, RR; Kurtz, KSM; van Es, H; Kumar, S; Van Eerd, LL. 2023. Maximizing soil organic carbon stocks under cover cropping: insights from long-term agricultural experiments in North America. AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT Vol: 356, Article: 108599. DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2023.108599
10. Pokharel, A; Hennessy, DA; Wu, FLC. 2023. Health burden associated with tillage-related PM2.5 pollution in the United States, and mitigation strategies. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, Vol: 903, Article: 166161. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166161 
11. Sprunger, CD; Lindsey, A; Lightcap, A. 2023. Above- and belowground linkages during extreme moisture excess: leveraging knowledge from natural ecosystems to better understand implications for row-crop agroecosystems. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 74:2845-2859. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad045
12. Benucci, G. M. N., E. R. Toosi, F. Yang, T. L Marsh, G. M. Bonito, and A. Kravchenko. 2023. The microbiome structure of decomposing plant leaves in soil depends on plant species, soil pore sizes, and soil moisture content. Frontiers in Microbiology (Terrestrial Microbiology) Vol. 14. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1172862.
13. Alexander, J. R., Venterea, R. T., & Baker, J. M. (2023). Estimating nitrogen inputs from a Kura clover living mulch system for maize production. Plant and Soil, 1-12.
14. Alexander, J. R., Baker, J. M., Gamble, J. D., Venterea, R. T., & Spokas, K. A. (2023). Spatiotemporal distribution of roots in a Maize-Kura clover living mulch system: Impact of tillage and fertilizer N source. Soil and Tillage Research, 227, 105590.
15. Alexander, J. R., Baker, J. M., & Venterea, R. T. (2023). Maize performance in a kura clover living mulch under drought conditions. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment, 6(1), e20329.
16. Ley, E., G. Johnson, S. Wells, R. Becker, L. Stahl, R. Miller, and D. Sarangi. (2023). Residual herbicides in corn and their effect on fall-planted cover crop species. Agrosystems, Geosciences, and Environment, 6:e20446. https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20446
17. Rabin, K.C., G.A. Johnson, J.S. Strock, N. Jordon, A. Garcia y Garcia. (2023). Influence of tillage and cover crop mixtures interseeded in maize and soybean. Agron. J. 115(3): 1188-1201.
18. Peng, Y., et al. (2023). Maximizing soil organic carbon stocks under cover cropping: insights from long-term agricultural experiments in North America. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 356:108599.
19. Jordan, N., Valley, W., Donovan, D., Clegg, D., Grossman, J., Hunt, N., . . . Stein, M. (2023). Scaffolding Collective Agency Curriculum within Food-Systems Education Programs. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems.
20. Schaedel, M. (Graduate Student), Ishii, S., Grossman, J., Venterea, R., Paul, B., Mutimura, M., & Wang, H. (2023). Temporal assessment of N-cycle microbial functions in a tropical agricultural soil using gene co-occurrence networks. PLOS One.18(2): e0281442
21. DiGiacomo, G., Gieske, M. (Post Doc), Grossman, J., Jacobson, K., Peterson, H., & Rivard, C. (2023). Do cover crops pay? Economic analysis of a hairy vetch-tomato rotation in organic high tunnels in the Upper Midwest. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. 38:e10
22. Stahl, L., and A. Garcia y Garcia. (2023) Performance of Summer-Seeded Cover Crops.  NACAA National meeting, Des Moines, 8/13-8/17/23.  Peer Reviewed and selected as 2nd Place National Winner.
23. Blanco-Canqui, H., Ruis, S.J., Koehler-Cole, K., Elmore, R.W., Francis, C.A, Shapiro, C.A, Proctor, C.A., Ferguson, R.B. (2023). Cover crops and soil health in rainfed and irrigated corn: What did we learn after 8 years? Soil Science Society of America Journal, 87:1174-1190. https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20566
24. Koehler-Cole, K., Elmore, R.W., Blanco-Canqui, H., Francis, C.A., Shapiro, C.A., Proctor, C.A., Ruis, S. J., Irmak, S., Heeren, D. M. (2023). Cover crop planting practices determine their performance in the U.S. Corn Belt. Agronomy Journal, 115, 526– 543. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21247
25. Birru, G., Shiferaw, A., Tadesse, T., Schmer, M.R., Jin, V.L., Wardlow, B., Koehler‐Cole, K., Awada, T., Beebout, S., Tsegaye, T. and Kahrel, T. (2023). Simulated impacts of winter rye cover crop on continuous corn yield and soil parameters. Agronomy Journal, 115(3), pp.1114-1130. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21291
26. Birru, G., Shiferaw, A., Tadesse, T., Wardlow, B., Jin, V.L., Schmer, M.R., Awada, T., Kharel, T. and Iqbal, J. (2023). Cover crop performance under a changing climate in continuous corn system over Nebraska. https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20526
27. Ruis, S.J., Blanco-Canqui, H., Jasa, P.J., Slater, G. and Ferguson, R.B. (2023). Increasing rye cover crop biomass production after corn residue removal to balance economics and soil health. Field Crops Research, 302, p.109076.
28. Krupek, F., Ruth, T., Redfearn, D., Hird, A., Basche, A. (2023). Reflections for enhancing participatory research and outreach from a multistakeholder soil health program. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.0908A
29. Koehler-Cole, K., Basche, A., Thompson, L. and Rees, J. (2023). Comparing cover crop research in farmer-led and researcher-led experiments in the Western Corn Belt. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1064251
30. Stephens, T., Blanco‐Canqui, H., Knezevic, S., Rees, J., Koehler‐Cole, K. and Jhala, A.J. (2023). Impact of planting green on soil properties under irrigated no‐till soybean. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment, 6(4), p.e20443.
31. Klopp, H.W., Blanco-Canqui, H., Sindelar, M., Jin, V.L., Schmer, M.R. and Ferguson, R.B. (2023). Did cover crop or animal manure ameliorate corn residue removal effects on soil mechanical properties after 10 years?. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 14, p.100802.
32. Blanco‐Canqui, H., Wilke, K., Holman, J., Creech, C.F., Obour, A.K. and Anderson, L. (2023). Grazing cover crops: How does it influence soils and crops?. Agronomy Journal, 115(6), pp.2801-2828.
33. Ruis, S.J., Blanco-Canqui, H., Jasa, P.J., Slater, G. and Ferguson, R.B. (2023). Increasing rye cover crop biomass production after corn residue removal to balance economics and soil health. Field Crops Research, 302, p.109076.
34. Preza Fontes, G., Christianson, L. E., & Pittelkow, C. M. (2023). Investigating tradeoffs in nitrogen loss pathways using an environmental damage cost framework. Agricultural & Environmental Letters, 8, e20103. https://doi.org/10.1002/ael2.20103
35. Qin, Z., Guan, K., Zhou, W., Peng, B., Tang, J., Jin, Z., Grant, R., Hu, T., Villamil, M. B., DeLucia, E., Margenot, A. J., Umakant, M., Chen, Z., & Coppess, J. (2023). Assessing long-term impacts of cover crops on soil organic carbon in the central US Midwestern agroecosystems. Global Change Biology, 29, 2572–2590. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16632
36. Ye, L., Guan, K., Qin, Z., Wang, S., Zhou, W., Peng, B., ... & Schaefer, D. (2023). Improved quantification of cover crop biomass and ecosystem services through remote sensing-based model–data fusion. Environmental Research Letters, 18(9), 094018.
37. Wang, S., Guan, K., Zhang, C., Jiang, C., Zhou, Q., Li, K., ... & Herzberger, L. (2023). Airborne hyperspectral imaging of cover crops through radiative transfer process-guided machine learning. Remote Sensing of Environment, 285, 113386.
38. Wang, S., Guan, K., Zhang, C., Zhou, Q., Wang, S., Wu, X., ... & Ma, Z. (2023). Cross-scale sensing of field-level crop residue cover: Integrating field photos, airborne hyperspectral imaging, and satellite data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 285, 113366.
39. Deines, J. M., Guan, K., Lopez, B., Zhou, Q., White, C. S., Wang, S., & Lobell, D. B. (2023). Recent cover crop adoption is associated with small maize and soybean yield losses in the United States. Global change biology, 29(3), 794-807.
40. Rogovska, P.L. O’Brien, R.W. Malone, B.D. Emmett, J.L. Kovar, D.B. Jaynes, T.C. Kaspar, T.B. Moorman, P. Kyvergya. (2023). Long-term conservation practices reduce nitrate leaching while maintaining yields in tile-drained Midwestern soils. Agricultural Water Management 288 (1): 108481. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108481
41. W. Malone, A. Radke, S. Herbstritt, H. Wu, Z. Qi, et al. (2023). Harvested winter rye energy cover crop: multiple benefits for North Central US. Environmental Research Letters 18:074009. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/acd708
42. Plastino, A., F.M. Marcos, M.R. Parvej, M.A. Licht and A.E. Robertson. (2023). Does Grazing Winter Cereal Rye in Iowa, USA, Make It Profitable? Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 38: E45. (doi:10.1017/S1742170523000388)
43. Acharya, J. and A.E. Robertson. (2023). Effect of allelochemicals from cereal rye cultivar and Pythium lutarium on corn growth and disease. PhytoFrontiers 3: 847-854 (doi.org/10.1094/PHYTOFR-11-22-0137-R)
44. Marcos, F.M., J.A. Acharya, R. Parvel, A.E. Robertson and M.A. Licht. (2023). Cereal rye cover crop seeding method, seeding rate, and termination timing effects corn development and seedling disease. Agronomy Journal 1-17 (doi/10.1002/agj2.21306)
45. Koirala, N., Barker, D. J.,Gesch, R. W., Heller, N. J., Hard, A. W., Wells, S. S.,Phippen, W. B., & Lindsey, A. J. (2023). Seedpelleting and storage effects on germination ofPennycress (Thlaspi arvenseL.). Crop Science,63,3025–3036. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21077
46. Essman AI, Loux MM, Lindsey AJ, Dobbels AF. (2023). The effects of cereal rye cover crop seeding rate, termination timing, and herbicide inputs on weed control and soybean yield. Weed Science. 2023;71(4):387-394. doi:10.1017/wsc.2023.33
47. Yesuf Assen Mohammed, Russ W. Gesch, Samantha S. Wells, Nicholas J. Heller, Alexander J. Lindsey, Alexander W. Hard, Winthrop B. Phippen, Bethany Bedeker. (2023). Yield tradeoffs of early corn harvest to enhance pennycress establishment. Agron. Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21370
48. Koirala N, Barker DJ, Gesch RW, Mohammed YA, Heller NJ, Hard AW, Wells SS, Phippen WB, Tas P and Lindsey AJ. (2023). Seed treatment affected establishment and yield in two pennycress lines. Front. Agron. 5:1205259. doi: 10.3389/fagro.2023.1205259
49. Trimarco, T.; Brummer, J.E.; Buchanan, C.; Ippolito, J.A. (2023). Tracking Soil Health Changes in a Management-Intensive Grazing Agroecosystem. Soil Syst., 7, 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems7040094
50. Manbir Rakkar, Jacob M. Jungers, Craig Sheaffer, Galen Bergquist, Julie Grossman, Fucui Li, Jessica LM Gutknecht. (2023). Soil health improvements from using a novel perennial grain during the transition to organic production. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Volume 341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2022.108164
51. Culman, S., Pinto, P., Pugliese, J., Crews, T., DeHaan, L., Jungers, J., Larsen, J., Ryan, M., Schipanski, M., Sulc, M., Wayman, S., Wiedenhoeft, M., Stoltenber, D., & Picasso, V. (2023). Forage harvest management impacts “Kernza” intermediate wheatgrass productivity across North America. Agronomy Journal, 115, 2424–2438. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21402
52. Liptzin, D., Rieke, E. L., Cappellazzi, S. B., Bean, G. M., Cope, M., Greub, K. L. H., Norris, C. E., Tracy, P. W., Aberle, E., Ashworth, A., Tavarez, O. B., Bary, A. I., Baumhardt, R. L., Gracia, A. B., Brainard, D. C., Brennan, J. R., Reyes, D. B., Bruhjell, D., Carlyle, C. N., … Honeycutt, C. W. (2023). An evaluation of nitrogen indicators for soil health in long-term agricultural experiments. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 87, 868–884. https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20558
53. Smith, M.E., Vico, G., Costa, A. et al. (2023). Increasing crop rotational diversity can enhance cereal yields. Commun Earth Environ 4, 89 https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00746-0
54. Ashworth, A.J., L. Marshall, J.J. Volenec, M.D. Casler, M.T. Berti, E. van Santen, C.L. Williams, V. Gopakumar, J.L. Foster, T. Propst, V. Picasso, and J. Su. (2023). Framework to develop an open-source forage data network for improving primary productivity and enhancing system resiliency. Agronomy Journal https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21441
55. Chao, W.S., J.V. Anderson, X. Li, R.W. Gesch, M.T. Berti, and D.P. Horvath. (2023). Overwintering camelina and canola/rapeseed show promise for improving integrated weed management approaches in the upper Midwestern U.S. Plants 12, 1329. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061329
56. Gesch, R.W, M.T. Berti, S. Weyers, and C. Eberle. (2023). Relay cropping as an adaptive strategy to cope with climate change. Agronomy Journal http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21343
57. Nunes, J.J., N.J. Arneson, R.P. Dewerff, M. Ruark, S. Conley, D. Smith, R. Werle. (2023). Planting into a living cover crop alters preemergence herbicide dynamics and can reduce soybean yield. Weed Technology 37 (3), 226-235.
58. Malone, L.C., M.D. Ruark, C.J. Kucharik, T. Whitman, S.P. Conley. (2023). Linking soil health indicators to management history and soybean yield. Field Crops Research 297, 108951.
59. Augarten, A.J., L.C. Malone, S.G. Richardson, R.D. Jackson, M.A. Wattiaux, S.P. Conley, A.M. Radatz, E.T. Cooley, M.D. Ruark. (2023). Cropping systems with perennial vegetation and livestock integration promote soil health. Agricultural and Environmental Letters 8 (1), e20100.
60. Osterholz, W., M. Ruark, M. Renz, J. Grabber. (2023). Interseeded alfalfa N2 fixation and transfer to maize are reduced by N fertilizer. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 126 (1), 67-79.
61. Richardson, G.S., M.D. Ruark, T. Radatz, A. Radatz, E. Cooley, E.M. Silva, A.J. Augarten, J. Zhu, C.H. Zegler. (2023). The influence of inherent soil factors and agricultural management on soil organic matter. Ecosphere 14 (3), e4459.