SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report

Status: Approved

Basic Information

Participants

Accomplishments

Objective 1: Characterize water resource and human system response to climatic and anthropogenic perturbations.

 

California (Dinar)

Our study on Managed Aquifer Recharge in California (Institutions and the Economic Efficiency of Managed Aquifer Recharge as a Mitigation Strategy Against Drought Impacts on

Irrigated Agriculture in California) addressed water availability and system institutions effects on water resource management performances in a regional context. The project allowed a postdoc to gain experience in analysis of regional optimization of water management under scarcity, present in international fora and publish a technical and policy paper.

 

Colorado (Eiswerth, Goemans, Suter, Kroll)

Characterized the historic reliability of water rights in South Platte across different ditch systems and compared these estimates to conditions experienced post 2002 to (a) obtain a better understanding of how water right reliability has changed relative to the 1950-2002 period and (b) to estimate how changes in the producer beliefs regarding the reliability of their water rights impacts their investment in water efficient irrigation systems. 

 

Idaho (Maas, Taylor)

In 2022 we:

  1. Quantified changes in water use across municipal and agricultural users and the corresponding relationship with crop production and farm revenues;
  2. Began a project investigating the implications of increased drought (and corresponding fallow and bare land) for particulate matter and human health;
  3. Submitted two grants to the USDA to investigate the potential of Low-tech Process-based Restoration technologies as an effective adaptation strategy to increased drought in the West. 

 

Michigan (Nejadhashemi, O’Neil, Wolfson)

A group of my graduate students at MSU demonstrated the applicability of agricultural innovation in generating practical recommendations for farmers in the region to mitigate the negative impacts of climate variabilities and changes on crop production.  Innovization means discovering innovations through optimization. 

Through a collaborative, multi-disciplinary project with the University of Michigan (UM), the Institute of Water Research at Michigan State University (IWR-MSU) developed an online decision support system to guide water management in the Clinton River watershed. The Clinton River Watershed Explorer (https://iwr.msu.edu/ClintonRiver/) allows users to evaluate the impacts of urbanization, wetland loss, climate change, storm intensity, and land conservation on a range of hydrologic outputs, including surface runoff, groundwater recharge, and E. coli likelihood. The tool allows users to explore how those outputs vary spatially under both short and long-term projections of climate change, and in response to hypothetical extreme storm events. The tool also provides access to real-time and historical water level monitoring data from sensors deployed by UM and IWR-MSU, and includes narrative components to inform more general audiences about water resources in the region. Local stakeholders were heavily involved in the tool’s design and testing. A webinar for stakeholders was held in August 2022 (https://umich.zoom.us/rec/play/2wIa3t_tUZs6iZnZ8kztfwsKXRUD17knDU6vWg8beLa6-RLFn9UdFTWOjOMg0qxO0MSTo5u4ncSz0aXC.udvH4uPkkH875JHg?startTime=1661967109000&_x_zm_rtaid=Xq6xuBlBRbiUA6xI9dLhiA.1664565584448.cee76b5a7731d77516a87ab6f4fc1045&_x_zm_rhtaid=721). 

PFAS is an anthropogenic chemical that has gotten into groundwater, a major source of drinking water in the state of Michigan.  There are many unknowns about the chemical’s effect on human health. This study is exploring attitudes and perceptions concerning PFAS and other contaminants in drinking water, particularly private water wells. An online Qualtrics survey is being conducted across the state, in areas of known PFAS contamination and areas where it has not been reported.  Persons on either private well water or public water supplies can complete the survey. Results will help inform Universities and state agencies where further research or information directed to the public is needed.

 

US Forest Service (Warziniack)

The US Forest Service recently completed its 2020 Resource Planning Act (RPA) Assessment, scheduled to come out in 2023. The Assessment examines trends in the supply and demand of water throughout the conterminous United States and projects likely shortage due to climate and socioeconomic change. Despite many areas seeing decreases in water use, the assessment shows population growth and drought are likely to lead to increased shortage in some of the driest parts of the country. 

 

USDA Economic Research Service (Hrozencik, Potter)

Studied how investments in irrigation infrastructure (e.g., canal lining and piping) can address water scarcity issues.  Began a project characterizing the economic impacts of reduced snowpack in the western U.S. 

 

Texas (Rouhi Rad)

Studied the effect of Tubbs Fire in California on ecosystem services including water quantity and quality.

 

Wyoming (Hansen)

Hansen conducted two surveys of Wyoming community members and water managers regarding their risk perceptions of water-related natural hazards.

Hansen submitted a grant to USDA to facilitate improved agricultural decision-making around weather and climate in Oregon and Wyoming.

Hansen completed a summary of projected climate change impacts in the Northern Plains region (CO, MT, NE, ND, NS, WY) for an Environmental Defense Fund report on agricultural water stress.



Objective 2: Quantify water demand and value of water in competing and complementary water uses.

 

Arkansas (Kovacs)

We use climate change narratives to evaluate the stated preferences for long-term groundwater management.  We randomly assigned respondents to an individualistic cultural narrative about climate change to test for framing effects predicted by culturally congruent and incongruent messaging.  Other work considers the heterogeneity in time preferences for an investment in irrigation.  We use a random time parameter bivariate probit to estimate individual time preferences using exponential and hyperbolic discounting forms for agricultural producers making an irrigation investment. 

  

California (Dinar)

We were able to estimate in our study on Managed Aquifer Recharge in California  ((Institutions and the Economic Efficiency of Managed Aquifer Recharge as a Mitigation Strategy Against Drought Impacts on Irrigated Agriculture in California) the value of water for different users under various scenarios of climate change, water availability, and institutional arrangements in the region under analysis. The project allowed a postdoc to gain experience in analysis of regional optimization of water management under scarcity, present in international fora and publish a technical and policy paper.

 

Colorado (Suter, Goemans)

Completed a project that  used remote sensing to map annual irrigation quantity at the field-scale within the central Ogallala aquifer region of the United States. Annual irrigation volume data at the field scale in the Republican River Basin of Colorado for 2015–2018 and at the Public Land Survey System (PLSS) section scale in western Kansas for 2000–2016 was used with satellite ET data to calibrate a model that was then used to predict annual irrigation amounts at the field level for areas where such data is not available. 

 Used data on agricultural property transactions in Otero County, CO to estimate costs associated with soil salinity to irrigated agriculture. The research also evaluates how receiving irrigation water from specific canals in the county impacts property value and the extent to which this reflects the value of water right seniority from specific canals.

 

Kansas (Hendricks, Sampson)

Supervised a dissertation, where one essay estimates the economic cost of aquifer depletion. The paper was submitted to a journal and received a revise and resubmit.

The results from this paper and some other studies were used to write an extension publication titled “The Value of Groundwater in the High Plains Aquifer of Western Kansas.” This paper summarized research that estimates on groundwater stocks affect land values, annual economic returns to land, and spillovers into the livestock and agribusiness sectors.

Supervised a dissertation, where one essay estimates how groundwater stocks affects corn production across the High Plains Aquifer. We find that indeed corn production is smaller in areas with smaller groundwater stocks. We decompose the overall change in production into a change in total irrigated acres, a change in proportion of irrigated acres planted to corn, and a change in irrigated corn yield.

We also wrote a paper and presented it in two different meetings that estimate the impact of irrigation efficiency upgrades on water use. We utilize new econometric methods that avoid bias in previous estimates and show how farmer adapt over time to an improvement in irrigation efficiency.

 Participated in workshop on water markets. Also presented a paper that estimates the farmland value of water right seniority and allocation depths in a hedonic framework. 

 

Kentucky (Buck)

Completed and published research on the effect of salinity on crop choice in California went through scientific review, which resulted in comparisons of the effect of salinity on crop choice for producers without recent changes in land-use versus producers with recent changes in land-use. The results of this comparative analysis are consistent with our overall finding that there is statistically and economically significant heterogeneity in the effect of salinity on agricultural land-use. This work is important because it sheds light on how alternative water quality management regimes may impact crop composition between low and high value crops in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region of California.

Completed and published research on the consumer welfare impacts of mandated conservation standards (water restrictions) in urban areas of California went through scientific review, which resulted in comparisons of welfare impacts inferred using alternative statistical models and subsamples for estimation of the demand curve’s slope.  This type of comparison is significant since inaccurate estimates of the demand curve’s slope can lead to economically large differences in the monetized impacts consumers experience from water restrictions.  Consistent with this recognition of variable impacts, the overall significance of the work is to illustrate that consumer impacts in response to mandated water restrictions vary across space.  The work also discusses variation in the methods utilities used to achieve mandated water restrictions in their respective service areas as well as the pattern of compliance with restrictions across space.


Mississippi (Quintana)

Enriched a water use dataset obtained from Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality. The obtained data includes flowmeter readings, irrigated acres and crop receiving irrigation water for the reported period by permitted well. The data was enriched by obtaining GIS data on the permitted acreage, including CDL crop choice data by year, weather variables for the permitted field. From data obtained from USGS, we further enriched the dataset with depth-to-water information. Work is in process to geolocate on-farm water storage facilities along with collaboration with USDA-ARS partners to estimate the available stock of captured water available for irrigation from those sources. Once completed and updated, the data will eventually be made available to researchers via the National Center for Alluvial Aquifer Research.

 

Missouri (McCann) 

Co-authored a poster (with Tanya Pongspikul) presented at the AAEA meetings regarding factors affecting desalination plant adoption.  Submitted a grant to USDA regarding integration of water quality and water quantity issues with Karina Schoengold of the W-4190, and others.  

 

North Carolina (Edwards)

Co-organized a workshop of 15 economists, legal scholars, and practitioners to explore forthcoming issues in groundwater markets over two days of academic paper presentations and discussion. Edited a volume of policy pieces exploring emerging issues in water markets based on a prior workshop.

 

Oklahoma (Lambert)

  • Began research on the marginal value of irrigation water in the Oklahoma Panhandle region
  •  Received a seed grant from Oklahoma State University Rural Research Initiative to quantify drought severity and impacts on Oklahoma’s rural communities

 

US Forest Service (Warziniack)

The US Forest Service recently published projections of water use throughout the conterminous United States, which includes projections for household, agricultural, and thermoelectric water use out to 2070. The work was published in a recent issue of Earth’s Future. 

 

USDA Economic Research Service (Hrozencik, Potter)

The USDA continued to publish information collected in the 2019 Survey of Irrigation Organizations which collected novel data on the institutions (e.g., irrigation districts, acequias, ditch companies, etc.) that deliver water to the irrigated agricultural sector.  Part of this research program characterizes water demand by irrigated ag sector rely on off-farm (i.e., delivered by an irrigation organization) water.. 

 

Texas (Rouhi Rad)

Studied the management of water resources in the southeastern US. We have seen significant shifts in water management institutions in the southeast in the past few decades. We studied whether these shifts are towards better defining property rights or towards more central management of water. We find mixed evidence. We also argue that a major driver such policy shifts have been an increase in water scarcity, such as temporal droughts or population growth. The paper was presented at the UCOWR annual meeting.

 

Objective 3: Evaluate and compare coordinated/integrated management of water sources and land use practices.

 

Arkansas (Kovacs)

We use optimization of a structural dynamic model to evaluate the cost of carbon sequestration when afforestation subsidies are used to encourage private landowners to switch from cropland to forestry.  We apply the model to a portion of the Lower Mississippi River Basin in Arkansas where groundwater overdraft lowers the profitability of irrigated crops.

 We explore the joint use of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) and on-farm reservoirs and tail-water recovery system to sustain groundwater and agricultural income with climate variability by farmer risk preference. We find that MAR use declines slightly with greater risk aversion and declines rapidly with MAR cost.


California (Dinar, D’Odorico)

Our modeling framework developed in the study on Managed Aquifer Recharge in California (Institutions and the Economic Efficiency of Managed Aquifer Recharge as a Mitigation Strategy Against Drought Impacts on Irrigated Agriculture in California) was based on introducing various integrated/coordinated management options of water across the region studied, such as mixing surface and groundwater, changing water-applications for various crops, and moving water across users in different parts of the region. The project allowed a postdoc to gain experience in analysis of regional optimization of water management under scarcity, present in international fora and publish a technical and policy paper.

 

Kansas (Hendricks, Sampson)

Presented a poster on the impacts of soil salinity on crop choices in California.

Presented a paper on whether crop choices and irrigation behaviors align with stated concerns over groundwater quantity and quality. 

 

Michigan (Asher, Najadhashemi, O’Neil, Wolfson, Sears)

 The Clinton River Watershed Explorer was mentioned above under Michigan’s accomplishments for Objective 1. With regards to the topic areas of Objective 3, the tool allows users to evaluate how land use change impacts surface runoff at a field-scale (under various climate scenarios and temporal scales). It also provides a watershed-scale view of the impacts of land use change (especially urbanization) on water volume and the likelihood of E. coli events in streams.

IWR-MSU completed a collaborative project with Keweenaw Bay Ojibwe Community College (KBOCC, part of the L’Anse Reservation in Michigan’s upper peninsula) modeling groundwater flow and its relationship to Arsenic concentrations. The resulting groundwater flow maps informed ongoing and future monitoring of residential drinking wells by KBOCC, and in the college’s exploration of potential sources of the arsenic contamination on the reservation. KBOCC and IWR-MSU are continuing the collaboration with additional funding to further model the arsenic hot spots revealed by the initial project’s monitoring, and to begin exploring the fate and transport of uranium in the reservation’s groundwater.

 The project, Floating Plants in a Constructed Wetland for Phosphorus Removal from Tile Drain Runoff is exploring the removal of phosphorus and nitrogen from tile drainage from an alfalfa field through the use a floating wetland and determining the best plant species to use based on their increased biomass and resiliency over time. The two-stage wetland has resulted in decreased phosphorus leaving the wetland and entering the receiving stream, a tributary to Lake Erie. 


Mississippi (Quintana)

Research on the benefits of irrigation and pluvial runoff capture and re-use is ongoing. A first article looking at the optimal management of irrigation water from aquifer and on-farm storage sources was published with the insight that the main benefits of the practice became evident when evaluated over the life of the aquifer as opposed to a business plan time-horizon. Currently, the model is being enriched to account for the positive externalities associated with sediment and nutrient retention that result from tailwater recovery, storage and reuse.

 

Nebraska (Schoengold)

Published a paper on the effect of different policy designs on the public value of ecosystem services (including water quality) provided by conservation investments in agriculture. 

Presented a paper that evaluates the public’s value for ecosystem services with varying spatial benefits, including improvements in water quality (AAEA, 2022).

 

Oklahoma (Lambert)

  • Published research on public willingness to pay for farmer adoption of BMP in Oklahoma’s Fort Cobb Watershed.
  • Supported graduate student research and thesis on dryland double cropping systems’ technical and economic efficiency analysis
  • Submitted a grant application  to USDA on climate-smart crop production in the U.S. central plains

 

Texas (Rouhi Rad)

Building an integrated modeling framework for Colorado’s Lower Arkansas Valley in a collaboration with Suter (Colorado State) to estimate tradeoffs associated with managing water salinity externalities and study the benefits of a land fallowing program.

 

Wyoming (Hansen)

Nothing to report.

 

Objective 4: Evaluate and compare alternative water quantity and quality management strategies and institutions.

 

California (Dinar)

The study on Managed Aquifer Recharge in California (Institutions and the Economic Efficiency of Managed Aquifer Recharge as a Mitigation Strategy Against Drought Impacts on Irrigated Agriculture in California) evaluates different water policy interventions (such as: salinity regulations and quantity of surface water and GW constraints) and a set of institutions to manage groundwater stocks (such as SGMA-based allocations, and GW credit exchanges). The project allowed a postdoc to gain experience in analysis of regional optimization of water management under scarcity, present in international fora and publish a technical and policy paper.

 

Colorado (Suter, Goemans, Eiswerth)

Developed a regional water allocation model of the South Platte River basin that was used to examine the impact of climate change and population growth under alternative institutional settings (e.g., prior-appropriation versus proportional sharing). A manuscript was completed and submitted for publication. A generalized form of the model was also developed that allows user types and characteristics to randomize location throughout the basin. This model was utilized to explore the sensitivity of the results to how high/low priority, high/low value, and high/low consumptive use users were located throughout the basin. The results provide insight into when proportional allocation institutions are preferred to prior appropriation and vice-versa. 

 Building an integrated modeling framework for Colorado’s Lower Arkansas Valley in a collaboration with Rouhi Rad (Texas) to estimate tradeoffs associated with managing water salinity externalities.

 

Kansas (Hendricks, Sampson)

Published a paper that estimates the environmental impacts of the Renewable Fuels Standard.

Published a paper that estimates capitalization of ethanol market expansion into irrigated and non-irrigated farmland values in Kansas. 

 

Michigan (O’Neil, Asher, Ghane)

 Michigan State University (Asher and O’Neil) partnered with the non-profit organization For Love of Water (FLOW) to evaluate the economic costs of utilizing institutional controls as a response to groundwater contamination in Michigan. The collaborative effort is using a case-study approach to explore the histories at eight sites of contamination in Michigan in which forms of institutional controls (e.g., restrictive covenants, ordinances) were adopted to address the problem. At some of the sites these methods were adopted in lieu of more aggressive (and more costly) clean-up options, such as soil excavation or pumping and treating. For each site the team is working with state and local agencies, local communities, and (when available) liable parties to build a historical record of the costs incurred by relying on institutional controls, and a projection of economic impacts (from health, property value, to lost recreational opportunity) that can happen when a contamination is allowed to run its course. The primary output of the project will be a decision framework that will help communities, consultants, and regulators evaluate the long-term costs of institutional controls when faced with future contaminations. The two-year project just completed its first year. The project team shared the project design and some initial findings at the 11th Annual Michigan Section of the American Institute of Professional Geologists Workshop in June 2022 (https://mi.aipg.org/workshop/2022/Workshop%20Agenda%202022.pdf).

Ghane developed ten peer-reviewed Extension Bulletin to address stakeholder questions regarding the choice of pipe material in how fast water can be removed from the field. In response to questions that Ghane received via phone calls and emails from Michigan stakeholders, he wrote bulletins as the first author. These publications offer new and practical information about addressing common drainage design issues. These publications are available on Ghane’s Drainage Extension website. These activities resulted in four Extension awards, three national and one university-wide awards. 

  

Effort: (Obj. 4) – Ghane published a paper about the effect of pipe material on the performance of a drainage system and the bottom line of the producer. This paper was transferred to an Extension bulletin to disseminate research to stakeholders. 

Outcome: (Obj. 4) – E. Ghane. 2022. Choice of pipe material influences drain spacing and system cost in subsurface drainage design. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 38 (1): 685-695. www.doi.org/10.13031/aea.15053 

 

Effort: (Obj. 4) – Ghane published a paper showing how geotextiles can remove water from the field more quickly. This paper was transferred to an Extension bulletin to disseminate research to stakeholders. 

Outcome: (Obj. 4) – E. Ghane, AbdalAal, Y., Dialameh, B., M. Ghane. 2022. Knitted-sock geotextile envelopes increase drain inflow in subsurface drainage systems. Agricultural Water Management. 274, 107939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107939 

  

Effort: (Obj. 4) – Ghane published a paper showing how water sampling should be performed to get an accurate estimate of phosphorus loss from the subsurface-drained farm. This leads to accurate evaluation of conservation practices. 

Outcome: (Obj. 4) – B. Dialameh, E. Ghane. 2022. Effect of water sampling strategies on the uncertainty of phosphorus load estimation in subsurface drainage discharge. Journal of Environmental Quality. 1-12. www.doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20339 

 

North Carolina (Edwards)

 Used statistical and modeling to understand the role of water transfers on the local economy and environment of rural economies. Presented this work to academic audiences via five presentations: two online seminar series, a regional economics workshop, and two departmental seminars at Iowa State and Penn State.

Performed a long-run land use econometric analysis to assess the impact of water rights settlements on the economic outcomes of Native American groups in the western United States. Presented the work to two academic audiences at Montana State and the Center for Indian Country Development.

 

Oklahoma (Lambert)

Published research  on understanding  switchgrass production impact on surface water runoff and sediment; the economic impact of flood-induced disruption on waterway transportation; and economic value of weather decision support systems for Oklahoma public safety officials. 

 

Wyoming (Hansen)

Hansen has been working with partners from across the western U.S. to form the Western Water Network, a collaboration across researchers, extensions specialists, and stakeholders to address sustainability issues related to water use in the West. The network received rapid response funding from NIFA, held an initial assembly in 2022, and will hold its first congress in 2023. 

Hansen and colleagues completed a stakeholder feasibility assessment of a water conservation program (Demand Management) for the Wyoming portion of the Colorado River Basin, for the Wyoming State Engineer’s Office, informing policymakers of stakeholders views and educating Wyoming water users/stakeholders of an important and impactful water availability situation in southwestern Wyoming.

 

US Forest Service (Warziniack)

Nothing to report.

 

Impacts

  1. California (Dinar): The intended long–term outcomes over the current reporting period were to complete the modeling work and present the results to different stakeholders and policymaker groups (see information under “publications’). This project was funded by USDA in a cooperative agreement for 2 years. Dinar, A., Regional Aquifer Management: Economics and Institutional Arrangements of Managed Aquifer Recharge in the Central Valley, California. USDA—Research, Education, and Economics ($150,000), September 2017-August, 2019.
  2. Colorado (Suter, Goemans, Eiswerth, Kroll): Initiated cooperative agreement with the USFS Pacific Northwest Research Station to study how wildfire impacts the costs of drinking water provision and drinking water quality in the western US. The project will focus on equity implications of wildfire, particularly for lower income, rural communities. A rate analysis tool was developed for small scale utilities that allows them to estimate cost-recovery rates across different rate structure types (e.g. CMP, IBR, etc.) and parameters (e.g. split of costs across fixed versus variable and steepness of the IBR). The tool was used by a local utility to complete a rate analysis and to set annual rates.
  3. Arkansas (Kovacs): Presented research on value of groundwater in the Arkansas Delta to national audiences at the American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meetings and at the National Bureau of Economic Research Conference on the “Economic Perspectives on Water Resources, Climate Change, and Agricultural Sustainability”. We find in our baseline model with a 5% discount rate, a subsidy for afforestation from $1000 to $4500 per acre increases pine plantings, aquifer volume, and carbon sequestration above the levels without a subsidy. The average cost to sequester a ton of carbon increases from $13 ($3.55 per ton CO2eq) at the lowest subsidy to $36 ($9.84 per ton CO2eq) at the highest. Lower costs are achievable when soybeans are prominent on the landscape and high costs result when rice and corn dominate. We find the use of on-farm reservoirs and tail-water recovery increases with risk aversion. The use of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) increases income by a larger percentage for risk-neutral than very risk-averse producers. Across risk aversion degree, the use of MAR leads to a percentage increase in income that is double the percentage increase in the standard deviation of income (i.e., income risk). At a low cost of MAR, there is little difference in MAR use between a very risk-averse and a risk-neutral producer across scenarios of crop profit margin and the initial depth to water.
  4. Idaho (Maas, Taylor) : Hosted the Inaugural Water Workshop, bringing together stakeholders, researchers and agencies to address and discuss pressing water issues in Idaho; 2. Presented work directly to the Water Users association that will be used to plan future resource use and contextualize the ongoing legal battle surrounding the East Snake Plain Aquifer.
  5. Kansas (Hendricks, Sampson): We estimate the economic impact of projected depletion of the High Plains Aquifer. When the initial saturated thickness is less than 70 feet, most of the economic impact (63%) of a decrease in the stock of groundwater occurs through an adjustment in irrigated acreage (extensive margin), while 37% occurs through reduced irrigated rental rates (intensive margin). When saturated thickness is larger, nearly all of the response is at the extensive margin. Simulation results reveal that the average annual present value of returns to land are expected to decrease in the High Plains region by $120.6 million in 2050, and by $250.5 million in 2100. The extension publication on the value of groundwater received significant interest from stakeholders. Kansas State University also released a radio interview on K-State Radio Network about the publication and posted a news release. Hendricks was also contacted by High Plains Public Radio for an interview about the work. We find that the Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS) increased corn prices by 30% and the prices of other crops by 20%, which, in turn, expanded US corn cultivation by 8.7% and total cropland by 2.4%. These changes increased annual nationwide fertilizer use by 3 to 8%, increased water quality degradants by 3 to 5%, and increased domestic land use change emissions. We find some evidence that proximity to ethanol plants is capitalized into irrigated land values to a greater extent than into non-irrigated land values. In particular, an irrigated (non-irrigated) parcel located within 50 km of one or more ethanol plants experiences an average price premium of 8.8% (6.3%) relative to more distant parcels. A 10 million gallon per year increase in ethanol capacity within 50 km has an average marginal effect of 4.8% (1.8%) in irrigated (non-irrigated) land value.
  6. Michigan (Nejadhashemi, O’Neil) The long-term impact of our project is to accelerate the adoption of best management practices using variety of educational decision-support tools. As a result of the project activity, we obtained a USDA NRCS Conservation Innovation Grant (CIG) to develop a decision-support tool to evaluate the nutrient reduction benefit of a conservation drainage practice. $614,348 2021-2024 We are also planning to submit a proposal to the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education program of USDA-NIFA. The goal of this proposal is to develop an intelligent platform to help farmers and Extension Educators make informed decisions related to irrigation scheduling for corn. The long-term impact of the Clinton River Watershed Explorer will be better informed management of water resources by the region’s water managers and increased awareness of water issues by the broader public. Stakeholders expressed a desire for a tool that could help them argue their case to policy makers for the need for green infrastructure investment. This tool helps stakeholders identify where that investment should go and what the consequences may be if it were neglected. The long-term impact of the perceptions and attitudes concerning PFAS contamination in drinking water is to better inform researchers, state agency officials, and local health departments and communities about what information is needed concerning PFAS in groundwater and how people are presently responding to possible PFAS contamination and who they feel are responsible for testing, cleanup, and regulations. Michigan (Asher, Nadhadhemi, Ghane, O’Neil, Wolfson) The intended long-term outcome of IWR-MSU’s arsenic groundwater modeling project with KBOCC is the protection of drinking water on the L’Anse Reservation. By creating a representation of the region’s groundwater flow paths KBOCC can better target current and future residential monitoring, and start to explore potential sources of the contamination. The completion of that project led to new funding for KBOCC from USDA-NIFA to continue the exploration of arsenic in the reservation’s groundwater, while also adding uranium as a constituent of concern. IWR-MSU will serve as a sub-award (2021-2024, $120,000) on that grant, and will build upon its prior groundwater model by developing higher resolution models for hot spots identified by KBOCC’s residential monitoring program. The intended long-term outcomes from the Wetlands BMP project are to reduce phosphorus loading to inland waters and the Great Lakes through the implementation of an alternative BMP, that of using floating wetlands and to encourage agricultural producers to adopt this practices as a way of treating tile drain runoff from farm fields. Michigan (Ghane) The long-term impact of our project activity is to reduce nonpoint-source pollution from agricultural fields using different water-quality management strategies. The water-quality management strategies include conservation drainage practices targeting subsurface drainage systems. As a result of the project activity, we obtained a grant from Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE) to evaluate the phosphorus removal effectiveness of a phosphorus removal structure. The second grant was from CMPM to evaluate the conservation drainage practice of controlled drainage for reducing nonpoint-source pollution. 1- Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy 2022—2025 Title: Dissolved Phosphorus Capture from Controlled Tile Drainage to the WLEB. PI: Steven Safferman. Co-PI: Ehsan Ghane. Amount awarded $529,248. 2- Corn Marketing Program of Michigan 2022 Title: Controlled Drainage, A Water Conservation Practice for Reducing Phosphorus Loss from Subsurface-Drained Fields. PI: Ehsan Ghane. Amount awarded $21,871. The intended long-term impact of the MSU and FLOW collaboration identifying the economic costs of institutional controls in Michigan will be a more critical evaluation of their use in response to future contaminations. The project team hopes that by providing decision makers with a tool that can help visualize the long-term costs of allowing a contamination to run its course, that more aggressive, short-term clean-up strategies will receive stronger consideration.
  7. Mississippi (Quintana): the project will identify and evaluate water conserving, capture, storage and re-use for irrigation in the Lower Mississippi river basin which covers approx. 7.1 million irrigated acres with the goal of ensuring the sustainability agricultural output while accounting for the potential costs and benefits of nutrient and sediment transport.
  8. Nebraska (Schoengold) In recent work, we evaluated the effect of different policy designs on the public value of ecosystem services (including water quality) provided by conservation investments in agriculture. Our work showed that the public values water quality improvements more than other ecosystem services provided by agriculture, and that the design of the incentive policy affects the magnitude of the value. In ongoing work, we have received funding and completed a survey to evaluate the relationship between irrigation status/practices and producer adoption of soil-health related conservation practices. Much of the previous work on the adoption of relevant practices has solely used rainfed agricultural producers. Funding for this work: “Assessing Producer Preferences for Conservation Program Participation and Ecosystem Service Provision: A focus on irrigation status” (2022 - 2023), $17,500 (PI: K. Schoengold), Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute, student support grant program. “Assessing Producer Preferences for Conservation Program Participation and Ecosystem Service Provision” (2021 - 2026), $187,096, University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division (PI: K. Schoengold).
  9. North Carolina (Edwards) As water scarcity increases, the need to move water from its historic use in agriculture to urban use become important, but such transfers are not without consequences. Insight into how these transfers shape the rural communities from which water departs, and especially the impact on the agricultural economy and environment, is needed to identify best-practices. Our work contributed to the development of more equitable and environmentally conscious water transfer protocols, as well as raising key environmental justice concerns associated with water transfers. Indigenous groups, in the US and around the world, often lack secure rights to their natural resource base as a result of colonial-era transfers. Restoring water rights offers some hope for improved development of tribal economies in the western U.S., but our research indicates the gains can be small absent addressing other institutional barriers. Our work provides the first assessment of the effects of water right settlements and informs U.S. government policy in this area. It also provides tribal stakeholders important data to make decisions on pursuing water rights settlements and investments in agricultural development. Work on nutrient management in animal operations led to a North Carolina Department of Justice grant to explore pathways to reduced nutrient releases via best-management practices. A Framework to Enhance North Carolina’s Natural Resources Through Sustainable Manure Nutrient Cycling and Export. Sharara, Mahmoud; Jones, Daniela Sofia; Edwards, Eric Charles. NC Department of Justice (NCDOJ). $268,342. 01/01/2022 through 12/31/2024. Addressed a key set of emerging pollution problems in coastal North Carolina related to onsite wastewater (septic) by engaging in a collaborative project funded by NOAA to evaluate the relative effectiveness of alternative wastewater technologies on the removal of three pollutants: fecal bacteria, phosphorus, and nitrogen. Performed an economic analysis of onsite wastewater infrastructure policy and worked closely with officials with the City of Nags Head throughout the project. The results of the applied research were conveyed to stakeholders through direct meetings and presentations and a written report.
  10. Oklahoma (Lambert) To understand the drought severity and impact on Oklahoma Southwest regions, we applied and received funding from Oklahoma State University Rural Research Initiative to investigate and quantify drought impact on the region using a multidimensional approach. This research project focuses on the implications of water scarcity on the crop and livestock sectors since agriculture is highly susceptible to drought and because of its role in the region’s economy. The ongoing AFRI grant NO2019-68012-29888 from the USDA NIFA (term: 2019-2024) will inform local winter wheat producers on selecting cover and summer crops to improve soil moisture use efficiency, nitrogen application rate, land productivity, and farm income. We analyzed consumer willingness-to-support farmer adoption of converting cropland to pasture and installing riparian buffer strips in Oklahoma’s Fort Cobb Watershed, a multi-use area for agriculture, residential water provision, and recreation. The analysis uses Oklahoma’s Meso-Scale Integrated Sociogeographic Network survey to conduct a contingent valuation analysis of a one-time tax to support farmer adoption of these practices. We found that the public is supportive of the stewardship role of agricultural producers, and is willing to support farmer adoption of these BMPs. The findings suggest a win-win scenario for both agricultural producers and those benefiting directly and indirectly from the Fort Cobb Reservoir’s ecosystem services.
  11. US Forest Service (Warziniack) The work has led to development of national assessments for water supply and use, including analysis of recent trends and projections of future supply, use, and likelihood shortage. The work is being used by land managers to develop climate adaptation plans throughout the United States. The work has led to development of national assessments for water supply and use, including analysis of recent trends and projections of future supply, use, and likelihood shortage. The work is being used by land managers to develop climate adaptation plans throughout the United States.
  12. Texas (Wilcox) We evaluated how woody plants alter ecohydrological processes on rangelands. We have found that woody plants alter the water cycle mainly be changing evapotranspiration and soil infiltrability. For the more arid zones in the Edward Plateau we have found that juniper significantly increase soil infiltratability and thus increase the chances of water entering the soil and ultimately increasing groundwater recharge. In subhumid climates, woody plants increase the amount of evapotranspiration and potentially decrease the amount of groundwater recharge.
  13. Wyoming (Hansen) Hansen received funding from the UW Water Research Program/USGS to conduct an assessment (regional economic impacts, value of storage) of voluntary conservation/water transfers and mandatory cutbacks in the Wyoming portion of the Colorado River Basin. Hansen received funding through the WY NSF EPSCoR Track I grant (on which Hansen is a team member) to estimate the value of water in recreational uses (angling, float trips) on the Snake River.
  14. Kentucky (Buck) Agricultural stakeholders and the state of California make long-term water quality management decisions and investments in water infrastructure based on expectations of future agricultural water quality. The results of our work on the effect of salinity on crop choice in California has the potential to shape these management and investment decisions. During the recent multi-year drought in California, the State Water Resources Control Board imposed mandatory water restrictions on urban water utilities. The results of our work on the consumer impacts of mandated water restrictions across space will inform on-going water quantity management decisions in California where urban and agricultural water-use and management are interconnected.

Publications

Arkansas

West, G., K. Kovacs, R. Nayga. 2022. “The influence of a climate change narrative on the stated preferences for long-term groundwater management.” Environmental Management 69: 61-74.

Kovacs, K., H. Snell. 2021. “Heterogeneity in time preferences for an investment in irrigation.” Land Economics 97(4): 819-835.

Kovacs, K., R. Haight, K. Moore, M. Popp. 2021. “Afforestation for carbon sequestration in the Lower Mississippi River Basin of Arkansas, USA: Does modeling of land use a fine spatial resolution reveal lower carbon cost?” Forest Policy and Economics 130: 102526.

Bailey, V., K. Kovacs, C. Henry; Q. Huang, L.J. Krutz. 2021. “Peer Irrigators and the Choice of Field Management and Water Control Practices for Irrigation in Arkansas.” Agronomy 11: 2473.

Tran, D., K. Kovacs. 2021. “Climate uncertainty and optimal groundwater augmentation.” Water Resources Research 57: e2021WR030114.

 

California

Reznik, A., A. Dinar, S. Bresney, L. Forni, B. Joyce, S. Wallander, D. Bigelow, and I. Kan, 2022. Institutions and the Economic Efficiency of Managed Aquifer Recharge as a Mitigation Strategy Against Drought Impacts on Irrigated Agriculture in California. Water Resources Research, (Accepted for publication May 16, 2022), https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2021WR031261.

Reznik, A., A. Dinar, S. Bresney, L. Forni, B. Joyce, S. Wallander, D. Bigelow, and I. Kan. “Can Managed Aquifer Recharge Mitigate Drought Impacts on California’s Irrigated Agriculture? The Role for Institutions and Policies.” ARE Update 24(4) (2021):5–8. University of California Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics.

Reznik, A., A. Dinar, S. Bresney, L. Forni, B. Joyce, S. Wallander, D. Bigelow, and I. Kan, Managed Aquifer Recharge as a Strategy to Mitigate Drought Impacts in Irrigated Agriculture: Role of Institutions and Policies with Application to California. Paper presented at the 26th EAERE annual conference, 23-25 June, 2021, Berlin, Germany.

Reznik A., A. Dinar (Presenter), S. Bresney, L. Forni, B. Joyce, S. Wallander, D. Bigelow, and I. Kan. Managed Aquifer Recharge as a strategy for Mitigating Drought Impacts on Irrigated Agriculture in California. Paper presented at the UC Center Sacramento, April 6, 2022.

 

Colorado

Blumberg, Joey, Chris Goemans, and Dale Manning. Producer Beliefs and Conservation: The Impact of Perceived Water Scarcity on Irrigation Technology Adoption. No. w30080. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2022.

Filippelli, Steven K., et al. "Remote sensing of field-scale irrigation withdrawals in the central Ogallala aquifer region." Agricultural Water Management 271 (2022): 107764.

Meiselman, B.S., C. Weigel, P.J. Ferraro, M. Masters, K.D. Messer, O.M. Savchenko, and J.F. Suter. 2022. Lottery Incentives and Resource Management: Evidence from the Agricultural Data Reporting Incentive Program (AgDRIP). Environmental and Resource Economics. 82 (4), 847-867.

Ahsanuzzaman, A., L.H. Palm-Forster, and J.F. Suter. 2022. Experimental Evidence of Common Pool Resource Use in the Presence of Uncertainty. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 194, 139-160.

Hrozencik, A., D.M. Manning, J.F. Suter, and C. Goemans. 2022. Impacts of Block-Rate Energy Pricing on Groundwater Demand in Irrigated Agriculture. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 104(1), 404-427.

 

Idaho

Becker, D. A., Maas, A., Bayham, J., & Crooks, J. (2022). The unintended benefits of the Conservation Reserve Program for air quality. GeoHealth, 6(10), https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GH000648.

Burton, K., A. Maas, and K. Lee. 2022. “The Temporal and Spatial Extent of Property Value Losses Following a Freshwater Chemical Spill”. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. 2022, 47(3)

Du, X., Elbakidze, L., Lu, L., & Taylor, R. G. (2022). Climate Smart Pest Management. Sustainability, 14(16), 9832.

 

Kansas

Lark, Tyler J, Nathan P. Hendricks, Aaron Smith, Nicholas Pates, Seth A. Spawn-Lee, Matthew Bougie, Eric Booth, Christopher J. Kucharik, and Holly K Gibbs. 2022. “Environmental Outcomes of the U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119 (9): e2101084119.

Perez-Quesada, G. 2022. “Essays on the economics of groundwater depletion and management in irrigated agriculture.” PhD Dissertation, Kansas State University. https://krex.k-state.edu/dspace/handle/2097/42160 

Hendricks, N.P. and G.S. Sampson. 2022. “The Value of Groundwater in the High Plains Aquifer of Western Kansas.” Kansas State University, Department of Agricultural Economics Extension Publication. February 10, 2022. Available at: https://www.agmanager.info/ag-policy/water-policy/value-groundwater-high-plains-aquifer-western-kansas  

Gardner, G. and G.S. Sampson. 2022. “Land Value Impact of Ethanol Market Expansion by Irrigation Status.” Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 47 (3): 563-579.

Lee, J. and N.P. Hendricks. 2022. “Irrigation Decisions in Response to Groundwater Salinity in Kansas.” Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 47(3): 616-633. 

 

Kentucky

Buck, S., Nemati, M., & Sunding, D. (2021). Consumer welfare consequences of the California drought conservation mandate. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy.

Uz, D., Buck, S., & Sunding, D. (2022). Fixed or mixed? Farmer‐level heterogeneity in response to changes in salinity. American Journal of Agricultural Economics104(4), 1343-1363.

 

Michigan (Ghane, Nejadhashemi, Asher, O’Neil)

Thomas, J. Asher, G. O'Neil, J. Allan. 2022. A decision support tool for measuring and tracking the social benefits of water resources in Michigan coastal communities,

Journal of Great Lakes Research, ISSN 0380-1330, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2022.07.005.

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0380133022001757)

Ghane, AbdalAal, Y., Dialameh, B., M. Ghane. 2022. Knitted-sock geotextile envelopes increase drain inflow in subsurface drainage systems. Agricultural Water Management. 274, 107939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107939

Ghane. 2022. Choice of pipe material influences drain spacing and system cost in subsurface drainage design. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 38 (1): 685-695. www.doi.org/10.13031/aea.15053

Dialameh, E. Ghane. 2022. Effect of water sampling strategies on the uncertainty of phosphorus load estimation in subsurface drainage discharge. Journal of Environmental Quality. 1-12. www.doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20339

Helmers, L. Abendroth, B. Reinhart, G. Chighladze, L. Pease, L. Bowling, M. Youssef, E. Ghane, L. Ahiablame, L. Brown, N. Fausey, J. Frankenberger, D. Jaynes, K. King, E. Kladivko, K. Nelson, J. Strock. 2022. Impact of controlled drainage on subsurface drainage drain flow and nitrate load: A synthesis of studies across the U.S. Midwest and Southeast. Agricultural Water Management. 259, 107265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107265

Kropp, I., Nejadhashemi, A.P., Jha, P. and Hernandez-Suarez, J.S., 2022. Agricultural Innovization: An Optimization-Driven solution for sustainable agricultural intensification in Michigan. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 199, p.107143. 


Mississippi

Quintana-Ashwell, Nicolas E., and Drew M. Gholson. "Optimal Management of Irrigation Water from Aquifer and Surface sources." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 54.3 (2022): 496-514.

 

Nebraska

Alhassan, M., Gustafson, C. R., & Schoengold, K. (2022). Effects of information on smallholder irrigation farmers’ willingness to pay for groundwater protection. Agricultural Economics, 53(2), 191-203.

Khanal, B., Schoengold, K., Mieno, T., & Schulte Moore, L. (2022). The impact of policy design on willingness to pay for ecosystem services from prairie strips. Journal of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, 1(3), 352-369.

Rimsaite, R., Gibson, J., and Brozović, N., 2021, Informing drought mitigation policy by estimating the value of water for crop production, Environmental Research Communications, v. 3 (4), 041004.

Suchato, P., Mieno, T., Schoengold, K., & Foster, T. (2022). The potential for moral hazard behavior in irrigation decisions under crop insurance. Agricultural Economics, 53(2), 257-273.

Young, R., Foster, T., Mieno, T., Valocchi, A., and Brozović, N., 2021, Hydrologic‐economic trade‐offs in groundwater allocation policy design, Water Resources Research, v. 57 (1), e2020WR027941.

 

North Carolina

Edwards, E.C. and Smith, S.M. 2021. Water Storage and Agricultural Resilience to Drought: Historical Evidence of the Capacity and Institutional Limits in the United States. Environmental Research Letters, 16(124020).

Edwards, E.C. and Guilfoos, T. 2021. The Economics of Groundwater Governance Institutions Across the Globe. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 43(4): 1571-1594.

Edwards, E.C. and Thurman, W.N. The Economics of Climatic Adaptation: Agricultural Drainage in the United States. Forthcoming in Gary Libecap and Ariel Dinar eds. American Agriculture, Water Resources, and Climate Change. National Bureau of Economic Research and University of Chicago Press.

Edwards, E. and I. Burnett. 2022. Coastal Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems: Prioritizing Investment through Abatement Cost Analysis. NC State Extension Report. URL: https://ncseagrant.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/The-Economics-of-Onsite-Coastal-Wastewater-Treatment.pdf

 

Oklahoma

Lambert, LH, Lambert, DM, & Ripberger, JT (2022). Public Willingness to Pay for Farmer Adoption of Best Management Practices. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 54(2):224-241. [doi:10.1017/aae.2022.4]

Ramanathan, R, Lambert, LH, Nair, MN, Morgan, B, Feuz, R, Mafi, G, & Pfeiffer, M. (2022). Economic Loss, Amount of Beef Discarded, Natural Resources Wastage, and Environmental Impact Due to Beef Discoloration. Meat and Muscle Biology 6(1) Iowa State University [doi:10.22175/mmb.13218]

Zou, CB, Lambert, LH, Everett, J., & Will, RE (2022). Response of Surface Runoff and Sediment to the Conversion of a Marginal Grassland to a Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Bioenergy Feedstock System. Land 11(4). [doi:10.3390/land11040540]

Welch, K., Lambert, LH, Lambert, DM, & Kenkel, P. (2022). Flood-induced Disruption of an Inland Waterway Transportation System and Regional Economic Impacts. Water 14(5). [doi:10.3390/w14050753]

Na-Yemeh, DY, Legg, TA, & Lambert, LH. Economic Value of a Weather Decision Support Systems for Oklahoma Public Safety Officials. Annals of the American Association of Geographers. [doi:10.1080/24694452.2022.2108747]

 

Texas

Rouhi Rad, Mani, Taro Mieno, and Nicholas Brozović. "The Role of Search Frictions and Trading Ratios in Tradable Permit Markets." Environmental and Resource Economics 82, no. 1 (2022): 101-132.

Nix, Heather, and Mani Rouhi Rad. "Water Withdrawal Regulation in South Carolina." (2022).

 

Wyoming

​​Paige, G., K. Hansen, A. MacKinnon. 2022. Wyoming Demand Management Feasibility Investigation: Stakeholder Engagement Process, July 2019-December 2020.” Bulletin B-1384. Laramie, WY: University of Wyoming Extension.

 

US Forest Service

Heidari, H., Warziniack, T., Brown, T. C., & Arabi, M. (2021). Impacts of climate change on hydroclimatic conditions of US national forests and grasslands. Forests, 12(2), 139.

Heidari, H., Arabi, M., Warziniack, T., & Kao, S. C. (2021). Shifts in hydroclimatology of US megaregions in response to climate change. Environmental Research Communications, 3(6), 065002.

Heidari, H., Arabi, M., & Warziniack, T. (2021). Effects of climate change on natural-caused fire activity in western US national forests. Atmosphere, 12(8), 981.

Heidari, H., Arabi, M., Warziniack, T., & Sharvelle, S. (2021). Effects of urban development patterns on municipal water shortage. Front. Water, 3, 694817.

Heidari, H., Arabi, M., & Warziniack, T. (2021). Vulnerability to Water Shortage Under Current and Future Water Supply‐Demand Conditions Across US River Basins. Earth's Future, 9(10), e2021EF002278.

Warziniack, T., Arabi, M., Brown, T. C., Froemke, P., Ghosh, R., Rasmussen, S., & Swartzentruber, R. (2022). Projections of freshwater use in the united states under climate change. Earth's Future, 10(2), e2021EF002222.

 

USDA Economic Research Service

Steven Wallander, Hrozencik, R. Aaron, and Marcel Aillery, 2022, Irrigation Organizations – Drought Planning and Response, Economic Brief No. 33, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, January, 30 pp.

Hrozencik, R. Aaron and Marcel Aillery, 2021, Trends in U.S. Irrigated Agriculture: Increasing Resilience Under Water Supply Scarcity, Economic Information Bulletin No. 229, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, December, 55 pp.

Hrozencik, R. Aaron, Steven Wallander, and Marcel Aillery, 2021, Irrigation Organization – Water Storage and Conveyance Infrastructure, Economic Brief No. 32, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, October, 24 pp.

Mieno, T., M. Rouhi Rad, J. Suter, and R. A. Hrozencik, 2021, “The Importance of Well Yield in Groundwater Demand Specification,” Land Economics, 97(3): 672-687, doi:10.3368/wple.97.3.030320-0031R1 Hrozencik, R. A., D. Manning, J. Suter, and C.

Goemans, 2021, "Impacts of Block‐Rate Energy Pricing on Groundwater Demand in Irrigated Agriculture," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 104: 404-427. doi:10.1111/ajae.12231

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