Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Multistate Research Project

Annual Station Accomplishments Report

 

PROJECT NUMBER: NE-1835        

 

TITLE: Resource Optimization in Controlled Environment Agriculture

 

PROJECT DURATION: October 1, 2018 – September 30, 2023

 

EXPERIMENT STATION: Arizona; Delaware; Florida; Kansas; Kentucky; Maine; Maryland; Michigan; Nebraska; New Jersey; New York; Ohio; Tennessee; Texas; and Utah

 

PARTICIPANTS: Gene Giacomelli and Murat Kacira (Arizona – University of Arizona); Qingwu Meng (Delaware – University of Delaware); Celina Gómez and Ying Zhang (Florida – University of Florida); Kimberly A. Williams and Cary Rivard (Kansas – Kansas State University); W. Garrett Owen (Kentucky – University of Kentucky); Stephanie Burnett (Maine – University of Maine); John Erwin, John Lea-Cox, and Diana Cochran (Maryland – University of Maryland); Roberto G. Lopez (Michigan – Michigan State University); Ellen T. Paparozzi (Nebraska – University of Nebraska); Robin Brumfield, A.J. Both, Tim Shelford, Farzana Lubna, and David Lewus (New Jersey – Rutgers University); Neil Mattson and Nate Eylands (New York – Cornell University); Peter Ling and Chieri Kubota (Ohio – Ohio State University); Kellie Walters (Tennessee – University of Tennessee); Genhua Niu, Joe Masabni, and Shuyang Zhen (Texas – Texas A&M University); Brian Poel and Casey Barickman (Texas – Fluence); and Youping Sun (Utah – Utah Agricultural Experiment Station)

 

REPORTING PERIOD: August 1, 2021 – July 31, 2022

 

REPORT DATE: September 29, 2022

 

OBJECTIVES (included as a reminder):

 

1. To develop up-to-date water and nutrient as well as energy management guidelines for greenhouse crop production and provide stakeholders with educational opportunities that teach proper implementation at their own facilities.
2. To develop these guidelines using research and development involving sensors and control strategies devised by current team members, and through and future collaborations among team members who may become part of this research project.

 

METHODS (please include your activities and accomplishments where appropriate):

 

Objective 1: To evaluate and develop strategies to improve energy efficiency in controlled environment agriculture

Planned Outputs:

1. Develop recommendations for optimal lamp choices and layouts for greenhouses and indoor production facilities

 

DE

 

PhD student, Eva Birtell, and Qingwu Meng evaluated the growth and morphology of hydroponically grown hot peppers under sole-source LED lighting treatments that varied in spectral composition and light intensity. They collected data on plants pre-transplant and later at the mature vegetative stage. They found that spectral quality influenced the effect of increased light intensity on peppers.

 

Undergraduate student, Ian Kelly, and Qingwu Meng tested different timings and lamp types (white and red + far-red LEDs) for photoperiodic control of flowering in greenhouse long-day crop production. Red + far-red LEDs were more effective than white LEDs at promoting flowering of far-red-sensitive crops, although white LEDs were as effective for other crops and increased branching and compactness.

 

FL

 

Gómez evaluated different LED fixtures for the use in living green walls mounted on walls. Light spectrum was evaluated as a potential strategy to increase light distribution within the canopy of plants.

 

MI

 

M.S. student Devin Brewer and Roberto Lopez quantified the influence of blue or blue + red end-of-production (EOP) sole-source lighting on red leaf lettuce. Results indicate that radiation intensity is more effective at increasing anthocyanin content than radiation quality alone. However, EOP lighting providing 100:0 B:R was effective at increasing mineral nutrient content beyond levels quantified in plants not receiving EOP lighting.

 

M.S. student Caleb Spall and Roberto Lopez investigated the influence of supplemental light (SL) quality on time to harvest and finished quality of several specialty cut flowers. Time to harvest of cut flowers having a long-day flowering response was hastened when grown under SL containing blue, red, and far-red radiation, or 100% blue radiation compared to cut flowers grown under 100% red SL. Stem lengths were greatest under 100% red SL, although stem lengths from all treatments were of sufficient length.

 

Ph.D. student Hyeonjeong Kang and Roberto Lopez investigated the influence of the photosynthetic daily light integral and root-zone temperature on rooting of tropical foliage plants during propagation. A daily light integral between 6 to 10 mol∙m^–2∙d^–1 is recommended because further increases have minimal impact on root growth or quality. The greatest root dry mass was recorded when cuttings were rooted at root-zone temperature of 25 °C.

 

Sean Tarr and Roberto Lopez modeled how the photosynthetic photon flux density and CO₂ concentrations interact with mean daily temperature (MDT) to influence the growth, yield, and quality of hydroponically grown green butterhead and red oakleaf lettuce ‘Rex’ and ‘Rouxaï RZ’. Dry mass of both cultivars was influenced by the interaction of CO₂ and MDT; biomass accumulation was greatest at 800 µmol·mol^–1 CO₂ at MDTs of 23 and 26 °C.

 

Sean Tarr and Roberto Lopez investigated how the day length provided to marigold ‘Xochi’ young plants influences subsequent flowering and cut flower quality. Regardless of the photoperiod provided, time to visible bud and open flower were similar across the young-plant photoperiods tested. Stem length at day of harvest was greatest when seedlings were grown under photoperiods of 13 to 16-h.

 

NJ

 

We continue to evaluate a variety of lamps for light output, light distribution and power consumption using our 2-meter integrating sphere and a small darkroom.

 

We are also conducting research on the environmental impacts of plant lighting systems. We’re using life cycle analysis calculations to assess various lighting technologies and strategies.

 

NY

 

Cornell: Supplemental light is necessary in winter to promote high productivity of hydroponic crops. While LEDs are more energy efficient than traditional high pressure sodium (HPS) or metal halide (MH) fixtures. More information is needed on how light spectrum impacts yield, water-use efficiency, and plant nutrition. In a greenhouse lettuce study during winter, growth of lettuce ‘Rex’ and ‘Rouxai’ was compared under HPS, MH, red:blue LEDs, and white LEDs. The same daily light integral was applied across treatment and the experiment was repeated three times. HPS fixtures led to greater fresh weight than red:blue LEDs. While HPS plants consumed more water per plant, on a water used per unit of fresh mass basis the HPS plants used less water than red:blue LEDs. The nutritional composition (anthocyanins and xanthophylls) were greatest under red:blue LEDs as compared to white LEDs or HPS. More work is needed to balance high plant productivity with nutrition, suggesting promise in dynamically changing light spectrum during the crop cycle.

 

Cornell: Far-red radiation (700-750 nm) is often ignored by lighting manufacturers as the traditional definition of photosynthetically active radiation includes 400-700 nm light. In experiments with lettuce under sole-source lighting we found plants that received 20% far-red (vs. 2% far-red control) had a 70-80% larger fresh and dry weight.

 

Cornell: Winter producers of petunias as bedding plants have difficulties getting some cultivars to flower on time and have sufficient branching and size to fill their containers. In a greenhouse experiment, the impact of daily light integral (DLI, at 6, 9, 12, or 15 mol m^-2 d^-1) combined with 0 or 30 µmol m^-2 s^-1 far-red during the liner production stage was evaluated on subsequent size and flowering. Little impact of far-red was observed except at 6 mol m^-2 d^-1 where far-red caused early flowering but also resulted in excessive plant stretch). Increasing DLI to 12 or 15 mol m^-2 d^-1 substantially improved plant quality (branching, flower number, and days to flower).

 

TX

 

Develop integrated lighting and temperature management approach for indoor production of leafy greens and herbs. Improving the cost-effectiveness of crop lighting is critical to the sustainability and profitability of indoor farms. However, lighting strategies are often developed with little consideration of other environmental conditions in the production environment. Temperature in particular plays an important role in crop growth, development, and quality. Additionally, efficient thermal environment management is important to reducing the carbon footprint of indoor farms. We conducted multiple studies in the past year to better understand how yield and morphology of popular leafy greens and herbs, such as lettuce and basil, were affected by light spectral quality and temperature. We found that light spectral quality (specifically, far-red light) and temperature interactively regulate plant morphology and yield. The inclusion of far-red light tended to promote leaf expansion and biomass production under cooler temperature (20-24 °C) but reduced or had no effect on crop yield under higher temperature of 28 °C. Those findings highlight the needs to co-optimize multiple environmental factors in indoor crop productions.

 

Shifting greenhouse sunlight spectrum to improve crop yield. Quantum dot (QD)-enabled luminescent films are an innovative, electricity-free technology to modify the light spectrum in a greenhouse. These films convert high-energy UV and blue photons to lower-energy red and far-red photons, which could potentially benefit crop growth. We tested the effect of luminescent greenhouse films on growth and yield of two lettuce cultivars (green leaf ‘Rex’ and red leaf ‘Outredgeous’) and basil ‘Genovese’. Compared to a control film containing no QDs, the spectral shift by the QD films promoted leaf expansion and biomass production in both lettuce and basil. However, the films (QD films and control films) caused a reduction in total light intensity by ~20-23% compared to no-film greenhouse control. Those reductions in light intensity led to either reductions or no significant effects on yield depending on the magnitude of spectral shifts. Further studies have been planned to investigate the potential applications of this relatively new greenhouse technology.

 

Replacing/adding UVA and far red (FR) light to white LED affected growth, morphology and phytochemicals of indoor-grown microgreens. However, the magnitude of effect is relatively small, considering the costs of LED lights with UVA and FR spectrums.  To investigate the effects of adding UVA and FR light to white LEDs on plant biomass, height, and the concentrations of phytochemicals, four species of microgreens including basil, cabbage, kale, and kohlrabi were grown under six light treatments. The first three treatments were white LED (control) and two UVA treatments (adding UVA to white LED for the whole growth period or for the last 5 days). Another three treatments consisted of adding FR to the first three treatments. The total photon flux density (TPFD) for all six light treatments was the same. The percentages of UVA and FR photons in the TPFD were 23% and 32%, respectively. Compared to white LEDs, adding UVA throughout the growth period did not affect plant height in all the species except for basil, where 9% reduction was observed regardless of the FR light. On the contrary, the addition of FR light increased plant heights by 9–18% for basil, cabbage, and kohlrabi, regardless of the UVA treatment, compared to white LED. Furthermore, regardless of UVA, adding FR to white LEDs reduced the plant biomass, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant concentrations for at least one species. There was no interaction between FR and UVA on all the above growth and quality traits for all the species. In summary, microgreens were more sensitive to the addition of FR light compared to UVA; however, the addition of FR to white LEDs may reduce yields and phytochemicals in some species.

 

Short-term pre-harvest supplemental lighting with different LEDs improves greenhouse lettuce quality. Winter–spring greenhouse vegetable production is limited by low-level natural light, resulting in decreased growth and quality. To investigate whether short-term pre-harvest supplemental lighting (SL) with light emitting diodes (LEDs) can address this issue, a study was conducted in a greenhouse in Dallas, Texas. Red leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ‘Red Mist’) plants grown in a hydroponic system were treated with daytime or nighttime SL with red (R) and blue (B) LEDs (RB-LED), blue and UVA LEDs (B/UVA-LED), or white LEDs (W-LED) for three days before harvest and compared to those without SL (control). All SL treatments provided a photon flux density of 167 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ for 12 h daily. Compared with the control, SL treatments increased leaf thickness and greenness, antioxidant capacity, and concentrations of phytonutrients such as anthocyanins, carotenoids, and total phenolics; however, shoot fresh biomass and total leaf area were generally not affected by SL. There were no differences in all of the above traits among W-LED, RB-LED and B/UVA-LED. Compared with daytime SL, nighttime SL increased leaf greenness and carotenoid concentration. In summary, all three LEDs with different spectra were effective in improving lettuce quality as short-term pre-harvest SL sources and nighttime SL was more effective than daytime SL; however, plant fresh weight and total leaf area were not affected.

 

TX (Fluence)

 

Our work on the optimal light intensity for indoor cannabis is on-going, but we have preliminarily concluded between 1500 and 1800 µmol·m^-2·s^-1 is optimal for cannabis floral yield and total cannabinoid and terpene content. While under experimental conditions, floral yield peaked at 2100 µmol·m^-2·s^-1 and the linear increase in yield generally ceased around 1800 µmol·m^-2·s^-1, optimal environmental management in terms of meeting optimal temperature, vapor pressure deficit, and airflow becomes limiting above 1500 µmol·m^-2·s^-1, especially in vertically tiered production systems.

 

With respect to spectrum, we concluded a broad-spectrum is ideal for cannabis production unless producer energy costs are exceptionally high to counteract the drawbacks of a monochromatic red and blue spectrum. While floral yield decreased as spectral red content increased, integrating cannabinoid concentration resulted in a greater total active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) yield as red light content increased. However, under high-red conditions (above 60%), plants are susceptible to photo-bleaching which can severely reduce the value of fresh product due to appearance, though it may not significantly alter the chemical composition. Additionally, plant husbandry and labor tasks become more difficult as red light increases, especially in dichromatic red and blue environments. Therefore, broad-spectrum light with up to 45% red light is generally recommended for indoor cannabis production, unless energy costs are sufficiently high and/or plants are solely grown for extraction.

 

Though it has been traditionally recommended due to a 1987 academic paper, UV-B is detrimental to cannabinoid production. Our results have shown that delivering UV-B during the flowering phase reduces total cannabinoid yield linear with dose due to the reduction in total plant growth via plant stress and reduced photon capture.

 

2. Improve ventilation alternatives for high-tunnels that result in better cooling in the summer and reduced heat loss in the winter

 

NJ

 

We are continuing our work on a comprehensive evaluation of ventilation strategies for high tunnel crop production. We are using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to assess ventilation rates in high tunnels equipped with several different ventilation configurations. A peer-reviewed publication containing an overview of our initial results was submitted to a scientific journal (AgriEngineering).

 

Objective 2: To reduce fresh water use and evaluate alternative fertilizers and growing substrates for the production of greenhouse crops

Planned Outputs:

1. Develop practical production guidelines to increase the efficiency of organic fertilizers in production of container-grown ornamentals and hydroponically-grown vegetables

 

DE

 

Undergraduate student, Evyn Appel, and Qingwu Meng conducted two greenhouse experiments investigating unadjusted nutrient solutions of varying electrical conductivities in hydroponically grown leafy greens. They used imaging as a tool to measure the plant canopy size and identify nutrient insufficiency as early as 4 days after transplant.

 

NY

 

Cornell: Aquaculture (fish) and aquaponic (fish + plants) is an emerging sector agricultural sector. These systems produce large volumes of waste solids from fish. Anaerobic, aerobic and a combination digestion approach were developed to use microbes to process fish solid waste and make nutrients plant available. We found the combined approach (anaerobic digestion followed by aerobic digestion) led to positive outcomes for the nutrient solution including greater nitrate and iron concentration with and an optimal pH (6 vs. 7). When used as an organic fertilizer source for lettuce growing in deep water culture, combined digestion performed nearly as well as conventional mineral fertilization and better than aerobic or anaerobic digestion.

 

2. Develop practical management guidelines to improve production efficiency and increase yield and quality of vegetables grown in recirculating hydroponics and aquaponics systems

 

AZ

 

Graduate student of Gene Giacomelli, Max Smith completed progress producing tomato (truss and cherry), cantaloupe and cucumber within a recirculating top-drip hydroponic nutrient delivery system.  All crops are within a single-bay, gutter-connected, glass-covered greenhouse 7.5 x 15.1 m. Crops are produced in high solar radiation, high air temperature and modest VPD conditions to determine the effect on harvest quality and yield compared to standard, optimal conditions.  This is continuing work supported by sub-contract to UC-Merced from an INFEWS-T2 NSF grant, whose primary goal is to develop a solar-energized greenhouse for the purification of the salt-laden drainage water from field production agriculture in the Central Valley of California. It will further produce edible vegetable crops while operating at its excessive air temperatures required for desalinization.

 

Wavelength altering properties of quantum dots in plastic film for the improvement of tomato and lettuce plant production was continued within a single-bay, gutter-connected, ETFE film-covered greenhouse 7.5 x 15.1 m, by Michael Blum and Morgan Mattingly, graduate students of Gene Giacomelli, in collaboration and support of Matt Bergren, UbiQD company .

 

Graduate student KC Shasteen, graduate student of Murat Kacira, developed a machine vision application and implemented a predictive modeling-based system monitoring crop growth and yield, planting density optimization and yield predictions, that can be used in a DFW or NFT based production system.

 

Kacira Lab, through collaboration and support of Red Sea Farms company, are evaluating the effect of wavelength selective greenhouse covering materials to reduce energy demands for cooling and on varieties of tomato crop growth and yield. The outcomes of the project are also directed towards evaluating humidity controls, wireless monitoring technology, and company’s patented technology which combines thermal energy storage and saltwater evaporative cooling to both actively and passively maintain an ideal greenhouse temperature. 

 

DE

 

PhD student, Eva Birtell, and Qingwu Meng investigated the performance of four compact hot pepper cultivars under different light intensities, fertilizer strengths, and nutrient management styles in Kratky-style hydroponic systems. Eva collected data on plant health, morphology, yield, and the amount of nutrient solution required per treatment. After evaluating the cultivars, Kitchen Mini ‘Tamale’ pepper was recommended for use in future research.

 

FL

 

Zhang and her students studyed combined air and root-zone temperature treatments for lettuce production in indoor farming systems to develop management guidelines on temperature management for improving lettuce productivity, reducing tipburn, and saving energy.

 

Gómez evaluated the use of nine commercial biostimulant products for the production of hydroponic lettuce grown indoors.

 

OH

 

We have updated our web-based information resource “Hydroponics / Soilless Culture Info” (https://u.osu.edu/hydroponics/) which inlcude 16 comprehensive lectures on hydroponics crop production methods and management. The website was accessed by 289 users (607 pageviews) over the past year.

 

We have updated a web-based information resource ‘Controlled Environment Berry Production Information” (https://u.osu.edu/indoorberry) that contains the following topics. The website was accessed by 3467 users (13,233 pageviews) over the past year.

 

We also initiated a new monthly grower discussion forum ‘Strawberry Café’ in October 2021 and the membership increased more than three times over the past nine months (to 180 members) (mostly growers).

 

TN

 

Our objectives were to: 1) quantify the extent light intensity during seedling production influences sweet basil and butterhead lettuce yield and morphology, 2) determine if yield and morphological differences remain present after transplant in a common greenhouse environment, and 3) quantify the extent light can be removed during the first 5 days of seedling production without reducing yield at harvest. ‘Rex’ lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and ‘Italian Large Leaf’ basil (Ocimum basilicum) were sown in 162-cell peat cubes, irrigated, and placed in a walk-in growth chamber with light intensities of 200 and 800 µmol·m²·s^-1 provided by broad-spectrum light-emitting diodes for a 16-h photoperiod. Flats were covered with black plastic for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 days. After 14 days, the seedlings were transplanted into raft hydroponic systems in a common greenhouse environment where they were grown for 21 days. At transplant and harvest, height, growth index, fresh and dry mass, stomatal conductance to water vapor, and chlorophyll fluorescence were quantified. In general, both lettuce and basil seedlings grown under 800 compared to 200 µmol·m^-2·s^-1 had a greater fresh mass, thicker stems, and were shorter. For lettuce and basil grown under 800 µmol·m^-2·s^-1, and lettuce grown under 200 µmol·m^-2·s^-1, fresh mass at transplant was reduced if seedlings were germinated the dark for longer than ~2 days with some fresh mass reductions persisting through harvest. Additionally, after ~2 days in darkness, seedlings tended to have longer hypocotyls, thinner stems, and a greater height. However, basil grown under 200 µmol·m^-2·s^-1 had no difference in fresh mass regardless of the dark duration. Therefore, for basil seedlings grown under 800 µmol·m^-2·s^-1 and lettuce seedlings regardless of light intensity, dark germination should be no longer than 2 days.

 

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is a popular herb used as a flavoring agent in culinary dishes. Two foliage color types, green and purple, differ not only in color due to anthocyanin concentration, but their ability to handle excess sunlight, shade avoidance response, vigor, and yield. Growing multiple plants per cell, increasing planting density, to a certain point may be an effective method to increase space-use efficiency. However, too high of plant density may reduce yield or crop quality. Therefore, the objective was to determine the optimal planting density to increase yield of green and purple basil while maintaining color, high leaf to stem ratio, and uniform plants. In this study, ‘Red Rubin’ purple and ‘Italian Large Leaf’ green basil seeds were sown in 162-cell oasis horticubes at a density of 1, 5, 10, 15, or 20 seeds per cell, and were placed in an ebb-and-flow hydroponic system. After 10 or 14 days of growth for green and purple basil, respectively, seedlings were transplanted to deep-water culture hydroponic systems and grown for 18 days (rep 1) or 21 days (rep 2 and 3) for ‘Italian Large Leaf’ and 21 days (rep 1) or 25 days (rep 2 and 3) for ‘Red Rubin’. At harvest, stem thickness, height, fresh mass per cell, and individual stem and leaf dry mass were collected. With the information from this study, basil producers can optimize space-use efficiency while maintaining crop quality.

 

TX (Fluence)

 

Research on high-wire cucumbers showed a minimum need for some broad-spectrum compared to a monochromatic red and blue when delivered as supplemental lighting. Weekly yield increased by 9% under three broad spectrum top-light treatments compared to monochromatic red and blue. Additionally, due to the increased blue content of broad-spectrum treatments, vine length, and therefore labor input for crop lowering was lower compared to the monochromatic red and blue treatment. Considering the above results along with spectrum efficacy, we have concluded broad-spectrum supplemental lighting with 80% red is the optimal for high-wire cucumber production.

 

3. Develop recommendations for application of flexible wavelength lighting and selective cover materials or shading elements for greenhouses

 

4. Develop strategies to reduce water use in propagation of ornamentals and vegetables

 

ME

 

Maine has developed a commercial scale submist system for propagation that applied water to the base of cuttings, rather than overhead. This system was expanded to test the addition of small amounts of overhead mist to determine whether a small amount of overhead mist would improve rooting and quality of cuttings compared to overhead mist. Two species (Coreopsis verticillata and Baptisia ‘Purple Smoke’) had more roots and higher quality roots in overhead mist systems and would not be recommended for propagation in submist. Four species (Amsonia tabernaemontana, Hydrangea paniculata, Physocarpus opulifolius, and Myrica gale) had relatively equivalent rooting in submist and overhead mist. These four species could be propagated in either submist or overhead mist. Water usage was reduced 86% in submist systems, which may allow growers to propagate plants using water conserving techniques.

 

NJ

 

We completed the development of Rutgers Water Recycling Investment Tool. We created this online tool to allow producers to estimate costs and benefits of a water recycling investment at their commercial nursery, using information that they enter about their nursery operation. This tool then gives them a “regulatory risk score” based on their drought and pollution risk. Next, using a partial budget approach, the program determines the net present value of the investment, the upfront capital cost, and the expected change in annual cash flow. The tool is available at: https://tessera.rutgers.edu/recycle-flowchart/ This work also resulted in a publication (Gottlieb et al, 2022).

 

5. Accelerate propagation timing by reducing water use

 

6. Generate new knowledge about environmental management practices that enhance beneficial microbes in hydroponic solutions

 

7. Develop management guidelines to use low-quality water for irrigating greenhouse crops

 

KS

 

During Spring 2022, an undergraduate research project by six students taking HORT 705 Hydroponic Food Production at Kansas State University evaluated wastewater from a commercial water purification system for use for plant production by comparing growth of hydroponic lettuce and basil to that produced with reverse osmosis or municipal water. There were no growth differences across treatments. (See ASHS-22 poster presentation).

 

UT

 

Salt tolerance of Utah native plants. From August to October 2021, five Utah native plants [Amelanchier pumila (dwarf serviceberry), Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Kinnikinnick), Cercocarpus ledifolius (curl-leaf mountain mahogany), Cercocarpus montanus ‘Coy’ (alder-leaf mountain mahogany), and Shepherdia × utahensis ‘Torrey’ (hybrid buffaloberry)] were evaluated for salinity tolerance in a Utah Agricultural Experiment Station (UAES)’s greenhouse. Each species was irrigated with a nutrient solution at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.2 dS·m^-1 (control) or saline solution at an EC of 5.0 dS·m^-1 or 10.0 dS·m^-1 for 8 weeks. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with ten replications. Root zone salinity was monitored after each irrigation event using the pour-through technique described by Cavins et al. (2008). Plant growth, visual quality, relative chlorophyll contents (SPAD readings), and physiological parameters including net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and water use efficiency were collected. Environmental data including temperature and solar radiation in the greenhouse were recorded during the experiment.

 

Develop best water management practices for nursery and greenhouse production. I have collaborated with four nursery growers (Butterfield Gardens Ground Cover, Sandy, UT; Cache Valley Nursery, Hyrum, UT; Tri City Nursery, Kaysville, UT; Zollinger Fruit & Tree Farm, Logan, UT) and two greenhouse producers (Garden Gateway, Hyde Park, UT; Pineae Greenhouses, Layton, UT) to develop best water management practices for nursery and greenhouse production. In January to December 2020 and 2021, water samples were collected monthly from their production sites and submitted to USU Analytical Laboratory. Water quality monitoring systems were installed in the production sites of three nurseries (Butterfield Gardens Ground Cover, Spanish Fork, UT; Perennial Favorites, Layton, UT; Pineae Greenhouses, Layton, UT).

 

8. Develop production guidelines to adjust nutrient programs to non-peat-based substrates

 

NE

 

Published journal article on response of hydroponic purple versus green basil cultivars to iron, manganese, zinc, and copper deficiency.

 

Objective 3: To train growers and students to utilize emerging controlled environment agriculture technologies

Planned Outputs:

1. Organize education programs that target CEA growers around the US, our target populations will include Hispanics, Native Americans, and new farmers

 

AZ

 

Kacira (co-PI), within NSF-NRT funded project titled “Indigenous Food, Energy, and Water Security and Sovereignty” and in collaboration with Dr. Karletta Chief (PI), continued to educate a cohort graduate students on novel and sustainable off-grid production of safe drinking water, brine management operations, and controlled environment agriculture systems to provide technical solutions for communities, currently with Navajo Nation, challenged to have access to fresh produce and safe drinking water. During this reporting period, Kacira supported and advised 3 graduate students in the project, Kacira participated (with graduate students Jaymus Lee, Calder Bethke, Chantel Harrison, and Chrisa Whitmore) in the 2022 Tribal Colleges and Universities Internship in-person event at the Dine College Campus in Navajo Nation, with educational module development and presentations on controlled environment agriculture food production.

 

UA-CEAC continued to provide educational opportunities on CEA for new farmers through its 21^st Annual Greenhouse Engineering and Crop production Short Course (110+ participants, 18 exhibitors). Kacira, Giacomelli, and Outreach Specialist Ellen Worth were event organizers, and Kacira and Giacomelli were both moderators and presenters. UA-CEAC Intensive Workshops on education of growers producing hydroponics tomato production (Triston Hooks, Instructor) (50 participants).

 

DE

 

Qingwu Meng initiated a student-run hydroponics club to expose more students to hands-on learning opportunities. This club further engaged the local community by setting up a farmers’ market and participating in local events seeking to foster science communication. He and his students led tours of hydroponic facilities to educate prospective students and local residents about controlled environment growing systems.

 

FL

 

Gómez gave one presentation in Spanish to train greenhouse growers in the North Eastern US and about strategies to produce compact vegetables for the urban gardening market. In addition, she gave two presentations in Spanish in Ecuador to train cut flower growers on the potential use of LEDs for greenhouse production.

 

MD

 

Helped organize a greenhouse production conference (Chesapeake Green) including >6 speakers.  This conference had not been held for several years.  The audience included new growers (approx. 300 total attendance).

 

Initiated a statewide summer greenhouse grower conference (collaboratively with the Maryland Nursery, Landscape and Greenhouse Association) that includes talks and demonstrations of new information (approx. 100 total attendance).

 

MI

 

Coordinated several outreach programs that delivered unbiased, research-based information on producing plants in controlled environments, including the Michigan Greenhouse Growers Expo, e GRO and the Floriculture Research Alliance annual meeting.

 

We updated the MSU Extension Floriculture & Greenhouse Crop Production website that includes MSU-authored resources on the production of plants in controlled environments.

 

NJ

 

We presented at the Cultivate’22 trade show.

 

NY

 

Cornell: Our outreach efforts (workshops, presentations, and webinars) during the reporting period resulted in the training of 452 New York State participants and 913 out-of-state participants. Participants represent aquaponics, hydroponics, and greenhouse industry members, extension educators, Master Gardeners, middle-school and high-school teachers.

 

OH

 

We organized three workshops during the reporting period as follow:

• The 2022 Greenhouse Management Workshop was organized on January 26 - 28, 2022 by Peter Ling and Chieri Kubota with 170 online participants.  This year’s focus was ‘Integrated Disease and Pest Management’.
• The 2022 Ohio Controlled Environment Agriculture Annual Conference was organized on July 20, 2022 by Chieri Kubota, Carly Becker, Michelle Jones, Chris Taylor and James Altland with a total of 169 participants. This year’s focus was ‘Advancement of Microbial Technologies in Controlled Environment Agriculture’.

 

TX

 

The annual conference of Urban Controlled Environment Agriculture was held in December 2021 at the Dallas Center. Joseph Masabni and Genhua Niu co-organized the conference. The 2021 conference was a hybrid with both virtual and in person. We continued to receive positive comments and feedback from the participants and the regional CEA industry.

 

2. Publish a hydroponic production book and an eight-part article series on urban agriculture

 

NJ

 

We published a peer-reviewed opinion article that discusses several of the challenges involved with vertical farming (title: What you may not realize about vertical farming).

 

3. Enhance undergraduate research training in the area of controlled environment plant production to prepare the students for independent studies

 

AZ

 

Gene Giacomelli has hired, trained, educated and/or advised 19 undergraduates working on grant supported research projects to be competent in CEA hydroponic crop production systems design and operations.

 

Murat Kacira has hired, trained, and educated 6 undergraduate students working in hydroponics crop production, indoor vertical farming, wavelength selective greenhouse covering, and space horticulture focused research projects funded through USDA, NASA, and private sector funding

 

DE

 

Qingwu Meng designed and taught a new in-person laboratory session of his undergraduate-level Hydroponic Food Production course in Fall 2022. In Spring 2023, Qingwu Meng designed and taught a new graduate-level course, Controlled Environment Crop Physiology and Technology, in the Department of Plant and Soil Sciences at the University of Delaware.

 

In Summer 2022, Qingwu Meng mentored and trained a summer undergraduate student, Evyn Appel, who was a participant in the Envision program in the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources at the University of Delaware. The student conducted fertility and imaging research on greenhouse hydroponic lettuce.

 

FL

 

Zhang hired two undergraduate students in the past year to guide them on research related to CO₂ monitoring and indoor farming management.

 

Zhang developed a AOM course, Controlled Environment Agriculture Principles and Practices, to educate students on sensing and control technologies for CEA. In the course, students participated in a mentor group project and were trained to develop a research plan, build an indoor propagation system with a growth tent, and conduct data analysis.

 

KS

 

Williams: Incorporated undergraduate research project into HORT 705 Hydroponic Food Production at Kansas State University to evaluate wastewater from a commercial water purification system for use for plant production by comparing growth of hydroponic lettuce and basil to that produced with reverse osmosis or municipal water. (See ASHS-22 poster presentation).

 

KY

 

In Fall 2021, the Department of Horticulture at the University of Kentucky offered greenhouse and controlled environment operations and management course (PLS 465; lecture and laboratory) for the first time since Fall 2009 and was taught by Dr. W. Garrett Owen.

 

In addition, Dr. W. Garrett Owen provided numerous guest lectures to courses across disciplines (HRT 100, IPS 625, PLS 386, PLS 470G, and PLS 520) in the College of Agriculture, Food and Environment at the University of Kentucky and outside the University of Kentucky (Michigan State University – HRT 221; University of Tennessee-Knoxville – PLSC 333.

 

During the reporting period, three undergraduate senior capstone projects have been performed and/or on-going. These projects investigate the influence of daily light integral (DLI) on growth, development, and marketability of 1) vegetable transplants; 2) deep-water cultured red- and green-leaf lettuce; and 3) Boston and Australian swordferns. To date, the undergraduate senior capstone project investigating the influence of DLI on deep-water cultured red- and green-leaf lettuce is a collaborative effort between Dr. Kellie Walters, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, and Dr. W. Garrett Owen, the University of Kentucky. This project will accomplish two senior capstone project, one each from each university. Finally, the undergraduate senior capstone project investigating the influence of DLI on Boston and Australian swordferns was communicated by submitting a manuscript to HortScience in which it was accepted in July 2022.

 

ME

 

Maine worked with New York and Vermont to develop a curriculum for an online training program in greenhouse scouting for insects, mites, and diseases. This online training program could be offered to greenhouse growers or undergraduate students studying Controlled Environment Agriculture. We are pursuing funding to hopefully offer this training program next spring.

 

MD

 

3 sections of a capstone course that utilized student’s past education to identify a problem, design an experiment to answer a question related to the problem, conduct that experiment, and develop actionable new practices based on that work.  The section I led focused on 1) hydroponic herb production, and 2) utilizing growth regulators to reduce labor costs.

 

Initiating a new course (undergraduate and graduate level) in Controlled Environment Agriculture for Spring ’23.

 

NJ

 

During the spring 2022 semester, we taught a (mostly virtual) 4-credit undergraduate course titled Indoor Cultivation of High Value Crops and enrolled 19 students. The hands-on component of the course was covered by having students grow crops at home using a small commercially-sourced table-top hydroponic growing system (AeroGarden).

 

NY

 

Cornell: Two virtual greenhouse tours were given to middle and high-school students, and one virtual tour was given to a 4-H club. Nine undergraduate students and 2 graduate students were trained in aquaponics/hydroponics independent research and outreach.

 

OH

 

During this reporting year:

• Three undergraduate students were engaged in controlled environment research programs in the Department of Horticulture and Crop Science.
• Several undergraduate students were engaged in controlled environment plant production research programs in the Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, and Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department.

 

TN

 

Mentored 11 undergraduates in controlled environment research. Three undergraduate students have shared results through university-wide undergraduate poster research symposia. Incorporated group research projects into a 300-level plant physiology and nutrition course.

 

4. Submit at least three grants to enhance our collaboration within the team

 

FL

 

Zhang (UF) collaborated with Gómez (UF), Niu (Texas A&M), and other researchers as collaborators to support a grant application led by Zahid (Texas A&M) for a USDA-NIFA-SCRI planning grant proposal “Greenhouse Microenvironment Control for Hydroponic Leafy Greens in Hot and Humid Climate”.

 

Gómez (UF) submitted a USDA-NIFA-SCRI proposal “Improving specialty crop propagation with controlled environments” in 2022. Zhang (UF) and others participated as Co-PIs.

 

MI

 

Principal investigator and Extension co-coordinator in a new, four-year project supported by the USDA Specialty Crops Research Initiative entitled “Improving the profitability and sustainability of indoor leafy-greens production”, in collaboration with colleagues at Arizona, Michigan State, Purdue, Ohio State, and the USDA-ARS.

 

NJ

 

We are already collaborating with colleagues at other institutions as part of the USDA-NIFA SCRI project LAMP and the GLASE project.

 

TN

 

Submitted one grant to USDA SCRI Program with several NE1835 members.

 

Other accomplishments you want to report that do not necessarily relate to the NE-1835 Multistate Research Project objectives:

 

AZ

 

Gene Giacomelli with efforts of Masters students Sam Farrow and Max Martin and private company grant support has determine most of the management practices for automating continuous, year-round table grape production in the greenhouse.

 

Kacira has continued to collaborate with several colleagues in NE-1835 team who are part of the USDA-AFRI/SCRI funded project OptimIA: Optimizing Indoor Agriculture for leafy green production, and also submitted new grant proposals to USDA-SCRI for funding.

 

KS

 

Williams: One CEA graduate student presented their research on use of anti-gibberellin plant growth regulators in interior green walls at ASHS-22.

 

MD

 

Identified differences in optimal hydroponic solution temperatures among different commercialized herb species and varieties to maximize above media growth and flavor.

 

Identified the effects of elevated media/root temperature on photosynthesis and growth of tomato (heat tolerant and heat intolerant).

 

Identified new plant growth regulator combinations to reduce pruning costs in nursery liner and foliage plant production.

 

Collaborative research program has identified 2 candidate genes that impart strong rust resistance in wheat.

 

Initiated a study to introduce a Fusarium resistance gene into succulents to reduce losses and fungicide use.

 

MI

 

Former M.S. student Sean Tarr and Roberto Lopez established the base (T_b), and optimum (T_opt) temperatures for fresh accumulation of arugula (T_b 6.6, T_opt 24.7 °C), kale (T_b 7.0, T_opt 22.9 °C), and red oakleaf lettuce (T_b 8.5, T_opt 26.2 °C) and green butterhead lettuce (T_b 8.4, T_opt 24.7 °C).

 

NJ

 

Rutgers Cooperative Extension initiated the Rutgers Agrivoltaics Program that is investigating the opportunities for farmers to install agrivoltaic systems that retain the opportunity to farm the land, but at the same time generate electricity for on-site use and export to the local utility grid. This effort was supported by a $2M appropriation from the NJ state legislature.

 

As part of the Energy Answers for the Beginning Farmer and Rancher project, three narrated PowerPoint presentations were developed that can be viewed here:

https://farm-energy.extension.org/energy-answers-for-the-beginning-farmer-and-rancher/

 

Two book chapters on Greenhouse energy efficiency and management and on On-farm energy production – Solar, wind, geothermal were contributed to the book titled: Regional Perspectives on Farm Energy (D. Ciolkosz, Ed.).

 

The third edition of the Autonomous Greenhouse Challenge (organized by Wageningen University and Research) focused on hydroponic lettuce production. The winning team was the only team that outperformed professional growers and consisted of employees of the commercial company Koidra (Ken Tran, CEO) and advisors from Cornell University (Neil Mattson) and Rutgers University (A.J. Both).

 

We held a four-week Annie’s Project workshop online in March 2022 called “Know Your Numbers, Know Your Options for the Northeast” for women producers in the Northeast. The course focused on farm financial literacy to help participants: Improve their financial literacy, Understand the importance of preparing financial statements for their business, Objectively review the financial position of their business using financial ratios, Understand the cost of production for their enterprises, Enhance their decision-making skills, and Effectively communicate with family, business partners, and others about the financial position of the business. This material is based on work supported by USDA/NIFA under award number 2018-70027-28588.  We recorded four webinars that were part of the workshop:

• Benchmarking and Financial Analysis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5olIibcRNX8
• Pricing for Profit https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vo77FXb9nYc
• Record Keeping https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQZ9964r_yg
• Who are Your Winners and Losers? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LxsTo38NlWM

 

From 6:00 pm to 8:30 pm on November 4^th, 2021, we celebrated 10 years of Annie’s Project in New Jersey by having an evening workshop online to celebrate and give women farmers information to help manage their farm risks through and post-pandemic. Videos of the workshop are available here: https://sites.rutgers.edu/annies-project/workshops/annies-project-workshop-videos-new-jersey-10-years-of-empowering-new-jersey-farmers/.

Multistate Research Project

Annual Station Publications Report

 

PROJECT NUMBER: NE-1835        

 

TITLE: Resource Optimization in Controlled Environment Agriculture

 

PROJECT DURATION: October 1, 2018 – September 30, 2023

 

EXPERIMENT STATION: Arizona; Delaware; Florida; Kansas; Kentucky; Maine; Maryland; Michigan; Nebraska; New Jersey; New York; Ohio; Tennessee; Texas; and Utah

 

PARTICIPANTS: Gene Giacomelli and Murat Kacira (Arizona – University of Arizona); Qingwu Meng (Delaware – University of Delaware); Celina Gómez and Ying Zhang (Florida – University of Florida); Kimberly A. Williams and Cary Rivard (Kansas – Kansas State University); W. Garrett Owen (Kentucky – University of Kentucky); Stephanie Burnett (Maine – University of Maine); John Erwin, John Lea-Cox, and Diana Cochran (Maryland – University of Maryland); Roberto G. Lopez (Michigan – Michigan State University); Ellen T. Paparozzi (Nebraska – University of Nebraska); Robin Brumfield, A.J. Both, Tim Shelford, Farzana Lubna, and David Lewus (New Jersey – Rutgers University); Neil Mattson and Nate Eylands (New York – Cornell University); Peter Ling and Chieri Kubota (Ohio – Ohio State University); Kellie Walters (Tennessee – University of Tennessee); Genhua Niu, Joe Masabni, and Shuyang Zhen (Texas – Texas A&M University); Brian Poel and Casey Barickman (Texas – Fluence); and Youping Sun (Utah – Utah Agricultural Experiment Station)

 

REPORTING PERIOD: August 1, 2021 – July 31, 2022

 

REPORT DATE: September 29, 2022

 

PUBLICATIONS:

 

Dissertations, Theses (Published):

 

AZ

 

Shasteen, KC. 2022. Predictive Modelling and Computer Vision Based Decision Support to Optimize Resource Use in Vertical Farms. Master Thesis, Biosystems Engineering Department, The University of Arizona.  [Major Advisor: M. Kacira]

 

MI

 

Sean Tarr (M.S. student) Improving yield and quality of leafy greens grown indoors with precise radiation, temperature, and carbon dioxide. Graduation, May 2022.

Caleb Spall (M.S. student) Manipulating photon flux density, photon spectrum, and photoperiod to improve the greenhouse production of specialty cut flowers. Graduation, July 2022.

 

NY

 

Holley, J. 2022. Enhancing yield, morphology, nutrition, and water-use efficiency of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) with greenhouse light spectrum and carbon dioxide enrichment. Ph.D. Dissertation. Cornell University. 131pp.

Kurosaki, M. 2022. Optimizing lighting and carbon dioxide enrichment for controlled environment production of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). M.S. Thesis. Cornell University. 97pp.

 

Books (Published):

 

KY

 

Owen, W.G. and J.G. Latimer. 2022. Growth regulators for containerized herbaceous perennial plants. GrowerTalks, 76 p. https://www.growertalks.com/pdf/PGR_Guide_2022-23.pdf

 

Book Chapters (Published):

 

AZ

 

G.A. Giacomelli, Updated Foreword to "Basic Principles of Growing by Plant Empowerment" by P.A.M. Geelan, J.O. Voogt, P.A. van Weel, The Netherlands.

 

FL

 

Park, Y., Gómez, C. and Runkle, E.S. 2022. Indoor Production of ornamental seedlings, vegetable transplants, and microgreens. p 351-375 in. Plant Factory: Basics, Applications and Advanced Research. Eds. T. Kozai, G. Niu, and J. Masabni. Elsevier https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85152-7.00020-3

Balal, R.M., Shahid, M.A., Khan, N., Sarkhosh, A., Zubair, Rasool, A., Mattson, N. Gómez, C., Bukhari, M.A., Waleed, M., and Nasim, W. 2022. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical modulations in crops under salt stress. pp 195-210 in Building Climate Resilience in Agriculture. Eds. W.N. Jatoi, M. Mubeen, A. Ahmad, M.A. Cheema, Z. Lin, and M.Z. Hashmi. Springer https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79408-8_13 

Zhang, Y. and Kacira, M. 2022. Environmental control of PFALs, in Kozai, T., Niu, G., and Masabni, J. Ed., Plant Factory Basics, Applications and Advances,Academic Press,pp.391- 400.

 

KY

 

Owen, W.G. and B.E. Whipker. 2021. Chapter 5. Water, media, and nutrition testing, p. 48–70. In: J. Nau, B. Calkins, and A. Westbrook (eds.) Ball redbook: Crop culture and production 19^th ed., vol. 2. Ball Publishing, West Chicago, IL.

 

MI

 

Currey, C. and R.G. Lopez. 2021. Managing photoperiod in the greenhouse. p. 47−49. In: C. Beytes (ed.). 19^th Edition Ball Red Book vol. 1. Ball Publishing, West Chicago, Il.

Lopez, R.G. and C. Currey. 2021. Light management. Crop culture and production. p. 80−89. In: J. Nau et al. (eds.). Ball Redbook, 19th ed., vol. 2. Ball Publishing, Chicago, IL.

Twaddell, J. and R. Lopez. 2021. Propagating vegetative crops p. 154−169. In: J. Nau et al. (eds.). Ball Redbook, 19th ed., vol. 2. Ball Publishing, Chicago, IL.

 

NJ

 

Both, A.J. 2022. Greenhouse energy efficiency and management, Chapter 11. In Regional Perspectives on Farm Energy (D. Ciolkosz, Ed.). Springer, Switzerland. pp. 85-93.

Both, A.J. 2022. On-farm energy production – Solar, wind, geothermal, Chapter 12. In Regional Perspectives on Farm Energy (D. Ciolkosz, Ed.). Springer, Switzerland. pp. 95-105.

 

NY

 

Balal, R.M., Shahid, M.A., Khan, N., Sarkhosh, A., Zubair, M., Rasool, A., Mattson, N., Gomez, C., Bukhari, M.A., Waleed, M. and Nasim, W. 2022. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical modulations in crops under salt stress. In: Jatoi W.N., Mubeen M., Ahmad A., Cheema M.A., Lin Z., Hashmi M.Z. (eds) Building Climate Resilience in Agriculture. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79408-8_13

 

TX

 

Masabni J. and Niu G. (2022). Aquaponics. In Plant factory: basics, applications and advances (Kozai, Niu, Masabni, eds.), pp. 167-180. Academic Press.

Niu G. and Masabni J. (2022). Hydroponics. In Plant factory: basics, applications and advances (Kozai, Niu, Masabni, eds.), pp. 153-166. Academic Press.

Zhen S., Kusuma P., and Bugbee B. (2022). Toward an optimal spectrum for photosynthesis and plant morphology in LED-based crop cultivation. In Plant factory: basics, applications and advances (Kozai, Niu, Masabni, eds.), pp. 309-327. Academic Press.

 

Refereed Journal Articles (Published):

 

AZ

 

Waller, R., M. Kacira, E. Magadley, M. Teitel, I. Yehia. 2022. Evaluating the performance of flexible, semi-transparent large-area organic photovoltaic arrays deployed on a greenhouse. AgriEngineering (Accepted)

van Delden., S.h., M. Sharath Kumar, M. Butturini, L. J. A. Graamans, E. Heuvelink, M. Kacira, et al.. 2022. Current status and future challenges in implementing and upscaling vertical farming systems. Nature Food, 2: 944–956.

Zhang, Y. and M. Kacira. 2022. Analysis of climate uniformity in indoor plant factory system with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Biosystems Engineering, 220: 73-86

 

FL

 

Gómez, S. and C. Gómez. 2022. Evaluating the use of biostimulants for indoor hydroponic lettuce production HortTechnology 324:348-355 https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH05045-22

Cruz S. and C. Gómez. 2022. Effects of daily light integral on compact tomato plants grown for indoor gardening. Agronomy 127:1704 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071704

Cruz S., E. van Santen, and C. Gómez. 2022. Evaluation of compact tomato cultivars for container gardening indoors and under sunlight. Horticulturae 84:294 https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8040294

Zhang, Y. and Kacira, M. 2022. Analysis of climate uniformity in indoor plant factory system with computational fluid dynamics CFD, Biosystems Engineering. 220, 73-86.

Delden, S., Sharathkumar, Malleshaiah, Butturini, Michele, Graamans, L., Heuvelink, E., Kacira, M., Kaiser, E., Klamer, R., Klerkx, L., Kootstra, G., Loeber, A., Schouten, Rob, Stanghellini, Cecilia, Ieperen, Wim, Verdonk, Julian, Vialet-Chabrand, S., Woltering, Ernst, Van de Zedde, Rick, Zhang, Y. and Marcelis, L.F.M.. 2021. Current status and future challenges in implementing and upscaling vertical farming systems. Nature Food. 2. 10.1038/s43016-021-00402-w

 

KS

 

Goossen, R. and K.A. Williams. (2021). Characterizing the phytotoxic effects of hydrogen peroxide root dips on phalaenopsis orchid plants. HortTechnology 31(6):810-816. KAES # 21-326-J.

Gude, K. M., Pliakoni, E. D., Cunningham, B., Ayub, K., Kang, Q., Rajashekar, C. B., & Rivard, C. L. (2022). High Tunnel Coverings Alter Crop Productivity and Microclimate of Tomato and Lettuce. HortScience, 57(2), 265-272.

Gude, K., Stanley, H., Rivard, C. L., Cunningham, B., Kang, Q., & Pliakoni, E. D. (2021). Quality of day-neutral strawberries grown in a high tunnel system. Scientia Horticulturae, 275, 109726.

Jenkins, T., Kubota, C., Rivard, C. L., & Pliakoni, E. D. (2022). Evaluating Ethylene Sensitivity and Exogenous Ethylene Impact on Early Growth of Grafted and Nongrafted Tomato Seedlings. HortTechnology, 32(2), 129-133.

Lee, M., Rivard, C., Pliakoni, E., Wang, W., & Rajashekar, C. B. (2021). Supplemental UV-A and UV-B affect the nutritional quality of lettuce and tomato: Health-promoting phytochemicals and essential nutrients. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 12(1), 104-126.

Lee, M., Rivard, C., Wang, W., Pliakoni, E., Gude, K., & Rajashekar, C. B. (2021). Spectral Blocking of Solar Radiation in High Tunnels by Poly Covers: Its Impact on Nutritional Quality Regarding Essential Nutrients and Health-Promoting Phytochemicals in Lettuce and Tomato. Horticulturae, 7(12), 524.

 

KY

 

Owen, W.G. 2021. Rooting response of herbaceous perennial cuttings to foliar applications of a novel indole-3-butyric acid liquid product. Intl. J. Innovative Sci. Eng. Technol. 8(11):417–420. http://ijiset.com/vol8/v8s11/IJISET_V8_I11_37.pdf

 

ME

 

Burnett, S.E. and B.J. Peterson. 2022. Propagation of Herbaceous and Woody Perennials in Submist and Overhead Mist Systems. Journal of Environmental Horticulture (Submitted July, 2022).

 

MD

 

Swanson, E. O., Carlson, J. L., Perkus, L. A., Grossman, J., Rogers, M., Erwin, J. E., Slavin, J. L.#, Rosen, C. J.# (2022). Nutrient and nitrate composition of greenhouse-grown leafy greens: A trial comparison between conventional and organic fertility treatments (811995th ed., vol. 6, pp. 1-15).

Hu, M., Cosseboom, S., Schoeneberg, A., Johnson, C., Perez, N., Lea-Cox, J. D. (2021). Validation of the strawberry advisory system in the Mid-Atlantic Region. Plant Disease, 105(9), 2670-2679.

 

MI

 

Walters, K.J. and R.G. Lopez. 2022. Hydroponic basil production: Temperature influences volatile organic compound profile, but not overall consumer preference. Horticulturae 8(1):76. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8010076

Kohler, A., DuRussel, N. and R.G. Lopez. 2022. A foliar spray application of indole-3-butyric acid promotes rooting of herbaceous annual cuttings similarly or better than a basal dip. Scientia Horti. 305:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111298

Kohler, A. and R.G. Lopez. 2022. Air temperature during cutting propagation of cold-intermediate and –sensitive crops can be reduced if root-zone heating is provided. Scientia Hort. 304:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111307

Kohler, A.E. and R.G. Lopez. 2021. Propagation of herbaceous unrooted cuttings of cold-tolerant species under reduced air temperature and root-zone heating. Scientia Hort. 281:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110485

Walters K.J. and R.G. Lopez. 2021. Modeling growth and development of hydroponically grown dill, parsley, and watercress in response to photosynthetic daily light integral and mean daily temperature. PLOS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248662

 

NE

 

Paparozzi, E.T., Z. Li, E. E. Blankenship and M. E. Conley. 2021.  Purple leaf basil plants express micronutrient deficiencies symptoms differently than green leaf basil plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition 45:10, 1466-1479, DOI: 10.1080/01904167.2021.2014885

University Research on Winter Growing of Container-Grown Strawberries Translates to Grower’s Farm Trial.  Stacy A. Adams, Ellen T. Paparozzi, Ryan Pekarek, David P. Lambe, George E. Meyer, M. Elizabeth Conley, and Paul E. Read. International Journal of Fruit Science 21(1):1104-1113. https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.1994510

 

NJ

 

Gottlieb, P.D., R.G. Brumfield, R.I. Cabrera, D. Farnsworth, and L. Marxen. 2022. An online tool for estimating return-on-investment for water recycling at nurseries. HortTechnology 32(1): 47-56. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH04925-21.

Lubna, F.A., D.C. Lewus, T.J. Shelford, and A.J. Both. 2022. What you may not realize about vertical farming. Horticulturae 8(4), 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8040322

Shelford, T.J. and A.J. Both. 2021. On the technical performance characteristics of horticultural lamps. AgriEngineering 3:716-727. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering3040046

Knuth, M.J., H. Khachatryan, C.R. Hall, M.A. Palma, A.W. Hodges, A.P. Torres, and R.G. Brumfield. 2021. Trade flows within the United States nursery industry in 2018. J. Environ. Hort. 39(2):77–90. https://doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-39.2.77.

 

NY

 

Ashenafi, E.L., Nyman, M.C., Holley, J.M., Mattson, N.S. and Rangarajan, A., 2022. Phenotypic plasticity and nutritional quality of three kale cultivars (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) under field, greenhouse, and growth chamber environments. Environmental and Experimental Botany, p.104895.

Chen, W.H., Mattson, N.S. and You, F., 2022. Intelligent control and energy optimization in controlled environment agriculture via nonlinear model predictive control of semi-closed greenhouse. Applied Energy, 320, p.119334.

Rodgers, D., Won, E., Timmons, M.B. and Mattson, N., 2022. Complementary nutrients in decoupled aquaponics enhance basil performance. Horticulturae, 8(2), p.111.

Xia, J. and Mattson, N., 2022. Response of common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) to photoperiod/daily light integral in vertical hydroponic production. Horticulturae, 8(7), p.653.

Xia, J. and Mattson, N., 2022. Response of common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) to sodium chloride concentration in hydroponic nutrient solution. HortScience, 57(7), pp.750-756.

Yamori, N., Levine, C.P., Mattson, N.S. and Yamori, W., 2022. Optimum root zone temperature of photosynthesis and plant growth depends on air temperature in lettuce plants. Plant Molecular Biology, pp.1-11.

 

OH

 

Hollick, J.R. and C. Kubota. 2022. Effect of self- and inter-cultivar grafting on growth and nutrient content in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Front. Plant Sci. 13:921440. Doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.921440

Ertle, J.M. and C. Kubota. 2022. Watermelon seedling quality, growth, and development as affected by grafting and chilling exposure during simulated transportation. HortScience. 57:889-896. Doi: 10.21273/HORTSCI16557-22

Chowdhury, B.D.B., Y.J. Son, C. Kubota, and R. Tronstad. 2022. Automated workflow analysis in vegetable grafting using an Ultra-Wide Band based real-time indoor location tracking system. Computer and Electronics in Agriculture. 194:106773. Doi:10.1016/j.compag.2022.106773

 

TN

 

Walters, K.J. and R.G. Lopez. 2022. Hydroponic basil production: Temperature influences volatile organic compound profile, but not overall consumer preference. Horticulturae 8(1),76. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8010076

 

TX

 

Hooks T., Sun L., Kong Y., Masabni J., and Niu G. (2022). Short-term pre-harvest supplemental lighting with different light emitting diodes improves greenhouse lettuce quality. Horticulturae 8, 435. Doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8050435.

Hooks, T., Sun L., Masabni J., and Niu G. (2022). Effects of organic fertilizer with or without a microbial inoculant on the growth and quality of lettuce in an NFT hydroponic system. Technology in Horticulture (in press)

Zhen, S., M.W. van Iersel, and B. Bugbee. 2022. Photosynthesis in sun and shade: the surprising importance of far-red photons. New Phytologist https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18375

Kang, S., J.E. Kim, S. Zhen, and J. Kim. 2022. Mild-Intensity UV-A Radiation Applied Over a Long Duration Can Improve the Growth and Phenolic Contents of Sweet Basil. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13:858433.

 

UT

 

Paudel, A. and Y. Sun. 2022. Growth, gas exchange, and mineral nutrients of two popular landscape plants irrigated with saline water. HortScience 57(8):841-850. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI16479-21

Sun, Y., G. Niu, H. Dou, C. Perez, and L. Alexander. 2022. Growth, gas exchange, and mineral nutrients of hydrangea hybrids irrigated with saline water. HortScience 57(2): 319-325. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI16196-21

Rauter, S., Y. Sun, and M. Stock. 2021. Visual quality, gas exchange, and yield of Anemone coronaria and Ranunculus asiaticus irrigated with saline water. HortTechnolgy 31(6): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH04930-21

 

Symposium Proceedings Articles (Published):

 

AZ

 

Alcorn, J.R. G.A. Giacomelli and B.T. Scott (2023). Sustained Growth and Yield in Elevated Greenhouse Air Temperatures through Control of VPD. Presented at IHC 2022, Anger, France. ActaHorticulturae (In Review).

 Blum, M.A., C.H. Parrish II, D. Hebert, D. Houck, N. Makarov, K. Ramasamy, H. McDaniel, G.A. Giacomelli and M.R. Bergren (2023). Enhancing light use efficiency and tomato fruit yield with quantum dot films to modify the light spectrum. Presented at IHC 2022, Anger, France. ActaHorticulturae (In Review).

Shasteen, KC., J. Seong, S. Valle De Souza, C. Kubota, M. Kacira. 2022. Optimal Planting Density: Effects on Harvest Time, and Yield. Presented at IHC 2022, Anger, France. ActaHorticulturae (In Review).

 

DE

 

Runkle, E.S., Y. Park, and Q. Meng. 2022. High photosynthetic photon flux density can attenuate effects of light quality. Acta Hort. 1337:333–340.

 

FL

 

Solis-Toapanta, E., M. Retana-Cordero, and C. Gómez. 2022. Effects of daily light integral on growth and nitrate content of basil grown for indoor gardening. Acta Horticulturae 1337 https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2022.1337.22

Izzo, L.G., F. Capozzi, G. Aronne, and C. Gómez. 2022. Shoot and root growth and morphology and its effect on single-leaf water-use-efficiency of lettuce grown under different red:blue ratios. Acta Horticulturae 1337 https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2022.1337.44

Arjona, K., L.J. Clavijo, L.G. Izzo, M.E. Kane, and C. Gómez. 2022. Growth of micropropagated Pontederia cordata using broadband white light with or without far-red radiation. Acta Horticulturae  https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2022.1337.53

 

MD

 

Hu, M., Lea-Cox, J. D., Samtani, J. (2022). Microclimate and Disease Risk under Row Covers for Strawberries. Hershey, PA: Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Association.

Rom, C., Friederich, H., Ruiz-Menjivar, J., Swisher, M., Samtani, J., Chase, C., Lea-Cox, J. D., McWhirt, A. (2021). Collaborative Development of a National Strawberry Research and Outreach Project for Underserved Growers (1309th ed., vol. IX International Strawberry Symposium, pp. 635-641). Acta Hort.

 

NJ

 

Llewellyn, D., T.J. Shelford, Y. Zheng, and A.J. Both. 2022. Measuring and reporting lighting characteristics important for controlled environment plant production. Acta Horticulturae 1337:255-264.

Shelford, T., A.J. Both, and N. Mattson. 2022. A greenhouse daily light integral control algorithm that takes advantage of day ahead market electricity pricing. Acta Horticulturae 1337:277-282.

Xuan, W., H. Khachatryan, A. Torres, R.G. Brumfield, A. Hodges, M. Palma, and C. Hall. 2021. An analysis of market channel alternatives for the U.S. ornamental plants growers. 31^st International Conference of Agricultural Economists. August 20-21. Avalable at: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/315190/files/0-0_Paper_19034_handout_506_0.pdf

 

NY

 

Harbick, K. and Mattson, N.S. 2022. Optimization of spatial lighting uniformity using non-planar arrays and intensity modulation. ISHS LightSym2022. 9th International Symposium on Light in Horticultural Systems. Acta Horticulturae. 1337: 101-106. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2022.1337.14

Mattson, N.S., Allred, J.A., de Villiers, D., Shelford, T.J. and K. Harbick 2022. Response of hydroponic baby leaf greens to LED and HPS supplemental lighting. ISHS LightSym2022. 9th International Symposium on Light in Horticultural Systems. Acta Horticulturae. 1337:395-402. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2022.1337.54

Shelford, T., Both, A.J. and Mattson, N.S. 2022. A greenhouse daily light integral control algorithm that takes advantage of day ahead market electricity pricing. ISHS LightSym2022. 9th International Symposium on Light in Horticultural Systems. Acta Horticulturae. 1337:277-282. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2022.1337.37

 

Popular (Trade Journal) Articles (Published): 

 

DE

 

Meng, Q. and E.S. Runkle. 2022. Photoperiod, light intensity, and daily light integral. Produce Grower.

Meng, Q. and E.S. Runkle. 2022. Fixed vs. dynamic light quality for indoor hydroponic lettuce. Produce Grower.

Meng, Q. and E.S. Runkle. 2021. Far-red and PPFD: A tale of two lettuce cultivars. Produce Grower.

Meng, Q. and E.S. Runkle. 2021. Differentiating broad spectra. Produce Grower.

 

FL

 

Pinkerton, M., B. Whitman, H. Wooten, and C. Gómez. 2022. Common media used in hydroponics. EDIS EP623/ENH1359 https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ep623 

Zhang, Y., Watson, J. A., Bucklin, R. A., and Henley, R. W. 2021, Auxiliary Power Units for Greenhouse Operations, EDIS AE033.

Zhang, Y., Watson, J. A., Bucklin, R. A., Jones, P.H., Barmby, B. A., McConnell, D.B., and Henley, R. W. 2021, Greenhouse Heating Checklist, EDIS AE025

Zhang, Y., Watson, J. A., Bucklin, R. A., Henley, R. W., and McConnell, D. B. 2021, Maintenance Guide for Greenhouse Ventilation, Evaporative Cooling Heating Systems, EDIS AE024

Zhang, Y., Watson, J. A., Buffington, Bucklin, R. A., Henley, R. W., and McConnell, D. B. 2021, Fans for Greenhouses, EDIS AE020

Zhang, Y., Watson, J. A., and Bucklin, R. A., 2021, Florida Greenhouse Design, EDIS AE016

 

ME

 

Burnett, S. 2022. Garden Profile: Garland Farms. Maine Home Garden News.

Burnett, S. 2022. Plant Profile: Buxus sp. Beatrix Farrand Society Newsletter.

 

MD

 

Fisher, P., Erwin, J. (2021). Rethinking the black nursery pot (8th ed., vol. 85). West Chicago, Illinois: Ball Publishing.

Erwin, J., Guenthner, G. (2021). The importance of soil temperature (7th ed., vol. 85). West Chicago, Illinois: Ball Publishing. https://www.growertalks.com/Article/?articleid=25459

Cochran, D. R. (2021). Pre-emergent Herbicide Crop Safety.  https://ir4.cals.ncsu.edu/EHC/RegSupport/Reports/20220128b.pdf

Cochran, D. R. (2021). Iron HEDTA Crop Safety. https://ir4.cals.ncsu.edu/EHC/RegSupport/Reports/20220128c.pdf 

 

MI

 

Kohler, A., A. Soster, and R.G. Lopez. 2022. PGRs and Succulents. Greenhouse Product News 32(7):26–31.

Spall, C. and R.G. Lopez. 2022. Blooming by lamplight. Greenhouse Product News 32(6):28–31.

Kohler A. and R.G. Lopez. 2022. A study of the latest young plant technology: Getting to the root of basell cuttings. GrowerTalks 85(11):48–49.

Lopez. R., C. Kubota, E. Runkle and C. Mitchell. 2022. Indoor Farming FAQs. Inside Grower 10(2):48–49.

Lopez. R. 2022. Are there Risks of Working under LED Supplemental Lighting? E-GRO Alert 11(10):1–5.

Walters, K. and R.G. Lopez. 2021. Lighting up basil flavor. Produce Grower. 40–44.

Kohler, A. and R. Lopez. 2021. Rooting cold-intermediate and cold-sensitive greenhouse crops. Grower Talks 85(11):58–62.

Kohler, A. and R. Lopez. 2021. Producing high-quality liners with root-zone heating. Grower Talks 85(7):56–60.

Kacira. M., P.-E. Bournet, L.R. Khot, Q. Yang, I.L. Cruz, W. Luo, H.J. Schenk, H. Fatnassi and

2021. Lopez. 2021. ISHS Division Precision Horticulture and Engineering: sustaining the future with precision horticulture and engineering. Chronica Horticulturae 61(2):17−20.

Lopez R.G. 2021. Do micro drenches on annuals and perennials work? Greenhouse Grower 39(5):16–18.

Lopez R.G. 2021. Using and maintaining high-pressured sodium lamps in greenhouses. Produce Grower. 20–24.

Walters, K.J. and R.G. Lopez. 2021. Culinary herbs: Balancing light and average daily temperature. Produce Grower. 18–21.

Kohler, A., N. Durussel, and R. Lopez. 2021. Keys to rooting success. Greenhouse Product News 32(7):16−18.

Lopez R.G. and C. Garcia. 2021. Culinary herbs: To flower or not to flower? Produce Grower. 20–24.

 

NY

 

Levine, C. and N. Mattson. 2021. Managing western flower thrips in CEA strawberry operations. E-Gro Edible Alert 6(12). pp 5. https://e-gro.org/pdf/E612.pdf

Mattson, N. and M. Daughtrey. 2022. Common diseases of hydroponic leafy greens and herbs. E-Gro Edible Alert 7(1). pp 7. https://e-gro.org/pdf/E701.pdf 

Timmons, B. E. Hernandez, and N. Mattson. 2022. Fusarium wilt of hemp. E-Gro Edible Alert 7(7). pp. 7. https://e-gro.org/pdf/E707.pdf

Xia, J. and N.S. Mattson. 2021. Ice Plant: A novel salad green for greenhouse and indoor growers. Greenhouse Grower Magazine. (December).

 

OH

 

Lopez, R., C. Kubota, E. Runkle, and C. Mitchell. 2022. Indoor Farming FAQs. Inside Grower. May 2022 issue.

 

TN

 

Walters, K.J. and R.G. Lopez. November, 2021. Lighting up Basil Flavor. Produce Grower.

Walters, K.J. and R.G. Lopez. August 2021. Culinary Herbs: Balancing light and average daily temperature. Produce Grower. 18-21.

 

Presentations (Papers): 

 

DE

 

Meng, Q. and E.S. Runkle. 2021. Blue photons in broad spectra determine lettuce yield, morphology, and color. HortScience, 56(9), S12-S13. (Oral)

 

FL

 

Perez-Lugones, D. and C. Gómez. 2022. Evaluation of nitrogen rates during production and consumer phases of compact pepper plants. ASHS annual meeting, Chicago, IL, July 30- Aug.3. 

Gómez, A.S. and C. Gómez. 2022. Cultivar evaluation of compact vegetables for container gardening indoors and under sunlight. ASHS annual meeting, Chicago, IL, July 30- Aug.3. 

Perez-Lugones, D. and C. Gómez. 2022. A citizen science approach to surveying self-efficacy, satisfaction, and needs of home gardeners. ASHS annual meeting, Chicago, IL, July 30- Aug.3. 

Tello, N. and C. Gómez. 2022. Quality survey of edible ginger and turmeric products. ASHS annual meeting, Chicago, IL, July 30- Aug.3. 

Gómez, C. 2021. Uso de luces LED para la producción de plantas en invernadero, Invited talk in Spanish at Siflor 2021, Quito Ecuador, Nov. 24.

Gómez, C. 2021. INTER ILUMINACIÓN, ventajas de aplicar luz al interior de la planta, Invited talk online in Spanish at Siflor 2021, Oct. 15.

Gómez, C. 2021. Growth of micropropagated Pontederia cordata using broadband white light with or without far-red radiation, virtual poster at IX International Symposium on Light in Horticulture ISHS, May 31-June 2.

Gómez, C. 2021. Effects of daily light integral on growth and nitrate content of basil grown for indoor gardening, virtual presentation at IX International Symposium on Light in Horticulture ISHS, May 31-June 2.

Gómez, C. 2021. Consejos para garantizar el éxito del consumidor con vegetales compactos para jardinería, Invited talk in Spanish at Northeast Greenhouse Conference and Expo, Boxborough, MA, Nov. 3.

Gómez, C. 2021. Advancing Controlled Environment Horticulture through research and education. ASHS 2021 annual conference, Aug. 8.

Leelertkij, T., Zhang, Y., and Harbick. 2022. Energy modeling and control optimization for indoor farming. Florida Section of ASABE, Clearwater, FL, May 19-21.

Pompeo, J., Yu, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, C., and Wu, S. 2022. Assessing the impact of agriculture operations on quality of data from sensor arrays in a controlled environment plant production system. ASABE Annual International Meeting, Houston, TX, July 17-20.

 

KS

 

Goossen, R.*, K.A. Williams, and J. O’Mara. 2021. Characterizing the phytotoxic effects of hydrogen peroxide root dips on Phalaenopsis orchids. HortScience 56(9):S119-120. Abstr.

Wiens, L.W.* and K.A. Williams. 2022. Pre-treatement of Potted Tradescantia spp. With Anti-Gibberellin Plant Growth Regulators Slows Growth in an Interior Green Wall. Oral presentation, ASHS 2022.

Williams, K.A. and L.W. Wiens. 2022. Face-to-face versus Zoom Lecture Participation as a Predictor of Performance in a Greenhouse Management Course. Poster presentation, ASHS 2022.

Williams, K.A. and O. DeWolf. 2022. Wastewater from a Commercial Water Purification System Results in Hydroponic Lettuce and Basil Growth Comparable to Reverse Osmosis and Municipal Water. Poster presentation, ASHS 2022.

 

KY

 

Baloh, A.G.*, W.G. Owen, and R.L. Geneve. 2022. Impact of foliar applied paclobutrazol in combination with auxin on rooting and subsequent shoot growth in Angelonia cuttings. 2022 Amer. Soc. for Hort. Sci. Annu. Mtg., Chicago, IL USA. July 31–Aug. 3, 2022.

Rich, W.T.* and W.G. Owen. 2022. Rudbeckia hirta L. ‘Sunny’ growth control with paclobutrazol and uniconazole substrate drenches. 2022 Amer. Soc. for Hort. Sci. Annu. Mtg., Chicago, IL USA. July 31–Aug. 3, 2022.

Rich, W.T.* and W.G. Owen. 2022. Effect of fertilizer concentration on growth of Rosmarinus officinalis and leaf tissue nutrient sufficiency ranges. 2022 Amer. Soc. for Hort. Sci. Annu. Mtg., Chicago, IL USA. July 31–Aug. 3, 2022.

Seltsam, L.E.* and W.G. Owen. 2022. Photosynthetic daily light integral influences growth, morphology, and quality of Boston swordferns. 2022 Amer. Soc. for Hort. Sci. Annu. Mtg., Chicago, IL USA. July 31–Aug. 3, 2022.

Seltsam, L.E.* and W.G. Owen. 2022. Carbon and water footprinting of greenhouse and high tunnel annual bedding plant production in Kentucky. 2022 Amer. Soc. for Hort. Sci. Annu. Mtg., Chicago, IL USA. July

Wuetcher, L.T.* and W.G. Owen. 2022. Effect of fertilizer concentration on growth of three Lavandula cultivars and leaf tissue nutrient sufficiency ranges. 2022 Amer. Soc. for Hort. Sci. Annu. Mtg., Chicago, IL USA. July 31–Aug. 3, 2022.

 

MI

 

Brewer, D. and R.G. Lopez. 2022. Quantifying the influence of blue or blue + red end-of-production sole-source lighting on red leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa). HortScience, 57(9), S.

Kang, H. and R.G. Lopez. 2022. Rooting and growth of foliage plant cuttings is influenced by the photosynthetic daily light integral. HortScience, 57(9), S.

Higgins, D.S., N.T. Lukasko, A. Job, M.C. Buitrago, R.G. Lopez, and M.K. Hausbeck, M.K. 2022. The prevalence of blind Botrytis cinerea strains in Michigan greenhouses and potential implications for fungistatic lighting treatments. Plant Health 2022.

Tarr, S. and R.G. Lopez. 2021. Quantifying the influence of increasing day and night temperature and carbon dioxide concentration on growth and development of red and green lettuce (Lactuca sativa). HortScience, 56(9), S110.

Kohler, A.E. and R.G. Lopez. 2021. Propagation of cold-tolerant to cold-sensitive herbaceous unrooted cuttings under reduced air temperature and root-zone heating. HortScience, 56(9), S88.

Spall, C. and R.G. Lopez. 2021. Manipulating supplemental radiation quality to improve time to flower and finished quality of several long-day specialty cut flowers. HortScience, 56(9), S27.

 

NJ

 

Brumfield, R.G., S. Arumugam, A.J. Both, M. Flahive Di Nardo, R. Govindasamy, D. Greenwood, J. Heckman, N. Polanin, A.A. Rouff, A. Rowe, and R. VanVranken. 2021. A successful educational program for women producers, beginning farmers, and military veterans that helped address farm risks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Presented at the 2021 Annual Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS), Hybrid, Denver, CO, August 5-9.

Dube, A.K., R.G. Brumfield, and B. Özkan. 2021. The effects of the market outlet on welfare of smallholder horticultural producers in Ethiopia. Presented at the 2021 Annual Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS), Hybrid, Denver, CO, August 5-9.

Wei, X., H. Khachatryan, A.P. Torres, R.G. Brumfield, A. Hodges, M. Palma, and C.R. Hall. 2021. Exploring firms’ marketing choices in the US ornamental horticulture industry. Presented at the 2021 Annual Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS), Hybrid, Denver, CO, August 5-9.

 

NY

 

Eylands, N. and N. Mattson. 2022. Temporal and spatial localization of cellular elongation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in response to far-red radiation. Abstract and presentation at Annual ASHS Conference. Chicago, IL, July 30-August 3, 2022.

Timmons, B. and N. Mattson. 2022. The effect of complementary far-red radiation with a background of white light on Cannabis sativa. Abstract and presentation at Annual ASHS Conference. Chicago, IL, July 30-August 3, 2022.

 

OH

 

Hollick, J. and C. Kubota. 2021. Effect of self- and inter-cultivar grafting on growth and nutrient content in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Abs. presented at Annual Meeting of the American Society for Horticultural Science (August 5-9, 2021; Denver, CO).

Horvat, M., M. Kroggel, and C. Kubota. 2021. Architectural analysis and flower mapping for better management of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) grown under controlled environment. Abs. presented at Annual Meeting of the American Society for Horticultural Science (August 5-9, 2021; Denver, CO).

Papio, G. and C. Kubota. 2021. Developing a microclimate assessment tool using simple dishes to evaluate potential transpiration in indoor farms. Abs. presented at Annual Meeting of the American Society for Horticultural Science (August 5-9, 2021; Denver, CO).

 

TN

 

Walters, K.J., S. Parker, D. Del Moro, C.E. Sams. 2021. Butterhead lettuce yield and carotenoid concentration: The effect of sole-source light intensity during propagation. HortScience. 56(9):S4.

Parker, S., J.R. Wheeler, K.J. Walters, C. Luckett, J. Davis, T. Bjorkman, and C. Sams. 2021. Storage temperature, duration, and cultivar alter the concentration of nutritionally important secondary metabolites and phytochemicals in broccoli. HortScience. 56(9):S63.

 

UT

 

Paudel A. and Y. Sun. 2021. Determining the salt tolerance of woody ornamental plants for landscape use. ASHS Annual Conference, Denver, CO, 8 August 2021.

Perez, C., Y. Sun, G. Niu, and L.W. Alexander. 2021. Salinity tolerance of Dichroa ×Hydrangea hybrids. ASHS Annual Conference, Denver, CO, 8 August 2021.

Matthews, J., J. Chen, and Y. Sun. 2021. Application of Sensorweb™ irrigation control system in plant production. ASHS Annual Conference, Denver, CO, 6 August 2021.

 

Other Creative Works:

 

AZ

 

G.A. Giacomelli, Committee Member CEADS (Controlled Environment Agriculture Design Standards) development group.

G.A. Giacomelli, member, Plant Production and Resource Use Efficiency Working Group. Leo Marcelis and Paul Gauthier, Chairs, April-May.

G.A. Giacomelli, collaborator, SAM2 (Space Analog for Moon & Mars) at Biosphere 2, Kai Staats, Director Sam2. Prepared hydroponic lettuce production system for Analog Astronaut Conference May 6 – 8, 2022.

 

KS

 

Horticulture Storylines: https://hnr.k-state.edu/horticulture-storylines/ (web address will change in October 2022 before national release). Four modules, including two Horticulture Storylines with anchoring phenomena associated with light quality, information for back-of-the-classroom light quality demonstration or student research, and careers and technology in horticulture, have been developed for use in high school science classrooms.

 

KY

 

Peer-Reviewed Extension Publications

Owen, W.G. and D. Scott. 2022. Controlled Environment Horticulture. CEH-01-FS:1–6. https://greenhousehort.ca.uky.edu/sites/greenhousehort.ca.uky.edu/files/2022-03/Controlled-Environment%20Horticulture_0.pdf

 

e-GRO Alerts

Seltsam, L.E. and W.G. Owen. 2022. Heat stress and injury of high tunnel-grown bedding plants. e-GRO Alerts 11-25: 1–5. https://www.e-gro.org/pdf/2022-11-25.pdf

Owen, W.G. and J. Beale. 2022. Blackleg of geranium. e-GRO Alerts 11-14: 1–4. https://www.e-gro.org/pdf/2022-11-14.pdf

Owen, W.G. and B.E. Whipker. 2022. Jar test: Determining fertilizer solubility and compatibility. e-GRO Alerts 11-8: 1–5. http://www.e-gro.org/pdf/2022-11-08.pdf

Whipker, B.E., P. Veazie, D. Logan, M.S. Balance M. Bertone, W.G. Owen, W.T. Rich, and L. Seltsam. 2022. Coleus pest disorder guide. e-GRO Alerts 11-7: 1–7. http://www.e-gro.org/pdf/2022-11-07.pdf

Whipker, B.E., P. Veazie, D. Logan, M.S. Ballance, W.G. Owen, W.T. Rich, and L. Seltsam. 2022. Coleus disease disorder guide. e-GRO Alerts 11-6: 1–7. http://www.e-gro.org/pdf/2022-11-06.pdf

Whipker, B.E., P. Veazie, D. Logan, M.S. Ballance, W.G. Owen, W.T. Rich, and L. Seltsam. 2022. Coleus physiological disorder guide. e-GRO Alerts 11-5: 1–7. http://www.e-gro.org/pdf/2022-11-05.pdf

Whipker, B.E., P. Veazie, D. Logan, M.S. Ballance, W.G. Owen, W.T. Rich, and L. Seltsam. 2022. Coleus nutritional disorder guide. e-GRO Alerts 11-4: 1–7. http://www.e-gro.org/pdf/2022-11-04.pdf

Owen, W.G. 2022. Plant growth regulator guide for herbaceous perennials update. e-GRO Alerts 11-2: 1–4. http://www.e-gro.org/pdf/2022-11-2.pdf

Owen, W.G. 2021. Potassium deficiency of greenhouse cucumbers. e-GRO Edible Alerts 13-6: 1–5. http://www.e-gro.org/pdf/E613.pdf

 

e-GRO Nutritional Monitoring Factsheets

Owen, W.G. and B.E. Whipker. 2022. Sage. e-GRO Nutritional Monitoring Series: 5-12:1–7. https://fertdirtsquirt.org/pdf/sage.pdf

Owen, W.G. and B.E. Whipker. 2022. Rosemary. e-GRO Nutritional Monitoring Series: 5-11:1–7. https://fertdirtsquirt.org/pdf/rosemary.pdf

Owen, W.G. and B.E. Whipker. 2022. Lavender. e-GRO Nutritional Monitoring Series: 5-10:1–8. https://fertdirtsquirt.org/pdf/lavender.pdf

Owen, W.G. and B.E. Whipker. 2022. Torenia. e-GRO Nutritional Monitoring Series: 5-9:1–7. https://fertdirtsquirt.org/pdf/torenia.pdf

Owen, W.G. and B.E. Whipker. 2022. Lobelia. e-GRO Nutritional Monitoring Series: 5-8:1–7. https://fertdirtsquirt.org/pdf/lobelia.pdf

Owen, W.G. and B.E. Whipker. 2022. Angelonia. e-GRO Nutritional Monitoring Series: 5-7:1–7. https://fertdirtsquirt.org/pdf/Angelonia.pdf

Whipker, B.E. and W.G. Owen. 2022. Sulfur. e-GRO Nutritional Monitoring Series – Element Edition: 5-6EE:1–5. https://fertdirtsquirt.org/pdf/Sulfur%20Fix%2022%20v1.pdf

Whipker, B.E. and W.G. Owen. 2022. Magnesium. e-GRO Nutritional Monitoring Series – Element Edition: 5-5EE:1–5. https://fertdirtsquirt.org/pdf/Magnesium%20Fix%2022%20v1.pdf

Whipker, B.E. and W.G. Owen. 2022. Calcium. e-GRO Nutritional Monitoring Series – Element Edition: 5-4EE:1–5. https://fertdirtsquirt.org/pdf/Calcium%20Fix%2022%20v3.pdf

Whipker, B.E. and W.G. Owen. 2022. Potassium. e-GRO Nutritional Monitoring Series – Element Edition: 5-3EE:1–5. https://fertdirtsquirt.org/pdf/Potassium%20Fix%2022%20v1.pdf

Whipker, B.E. and W.G. Owen. 2022. Phosphorus. e-GRO Nutritional Monitoring Series – Element Edition: 5-2EE:1–5. https://fertdirtsquirt.org/pdf/Phosphorus%20Fix%2022%20v1.pdf

Whipker, B.E. and W.G. Owen. 2022. Nitrogen. e-GRO Nutritional Monitoring Series – Element Edition: 5-6EE:1–5. https://fertdirtsquirt.org/pdf/Sulfur%20Fix%2022%20v1.pdf

 

Newsletters

Owen, W.G. 2022. Growin’ with Dr. Owen: Be aware of greenhouse rodent damage and activity in vegetable transplants. Kentucky Vegetable Growers Association. 3(1), pp. 10. http://kyvga.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/KVGA_Vol3_No1.pdf

Owen, W.G. 2021. Growin’ with Dr. Owen: Daily light integral impacts vegetable transplant quality. Kentucky Vegetable Growers Association. 2(4), pp. 14. http://kyvga.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/KVGA_Vol2_No4.pdf

Owen, W.G. 2021. Growin’ with Dr. Owen: Electronic grower resources. Kentucky Vegetable Growers Association. 2(3), pp. 13. http://kyvga.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/KVGA-Vol2_No3.pdf

 

Podcast

Owen, W.G. 2022. Highly controlled crop production systems. Questions in Sustainability.
       https://sustainableag1.podbean.com/e/highly-controlled-crop-production-systems/

 

Webinars

Owen, W.G. American Floral Endowment Grow Pro Series: Nutritional Monitoring of Greenhouse Crops. Feb. 22, 2022. 171 Attendees.

Owen, W.G. Long Island Ag. Forum. Nutritional Monitoring of Greenhouse Crops. Jan. 20, 2022. 82 Attendees.

 

ME

 

Maine worked with New York (Cornell University), Vermont (University of Vermont), and grower collaborators representing each state to develop a curriculum for an online greenhouse scouting school.

 

NJ

 

Both, A.J. and N. Mattson. 2022. What to expect when you’re selecting? Light systems and economics. Presentation at Cultivate’22, Columbus, OH. July 19.

Both, A.J. 2022. Review of greenhouse energy issues. Online presentation for the Greenhouse Grower School (Cornell Cooperative Extension of Orange County). February 9.

Both, A.J. 2022. Hydroponics. Online presentation for students at the Sojourner Truth Middle School, East Orange, NJ. January 28.

Both, A.J. 2022. Greenhouse design. Online presentation for the 5^th Annual Urban Farmer Winter Meeting (University of Maryland Cooperative Extension). January 24.

Both, A.J. 2021. Sustainable crop production. Online presentation for students at Delaware Valley University. December 7.

Both, A.J. 2021. Energy conservation strategies for greenhouse crop production. Presentation at the Northeast Greenhouse Conference and Expo. Boxborough, MA. November 4.

Both, A.J. 2021. Focusing on sustainability: Crop production, soils and energy (Agrivoltaics as a solution?). Presentation for Annie’s Project New Jersey: 10 Years of Empowering New Jersey Farmers. New Brunswick, NJ. November 4.

Both, A.J. 2021. Are LED lamps better for crop production in greenhouses? Narrated PowerPoint presentation for the Energy Answers for the Beginning Farmer and Rancher Project. Available at: https://farm-energy.extension.org/energy-answers-for-the-beginning-farmer-and-rancher/

Both, A.J. 2021. How can we improve energy efficiency in greenhouses? Narrated PowerPoint presentation for the Energy Answers for the Beginning Farmer and Rancher Project. Available at: https://farm-energy.extension.org/energy-answers-for-the-beginning-farmer-and-rancher/

Both, A.J. 2021. What alternative energy systems can be used in the greenhouse industry? Narrated PowerPoint presentation for the Energy Answers for the Beginning Farmer and Rancher Project. Available at: https://farm-energy.extension.org/energy-answers-for-the-beginning-farmer-and-rancher/

 

NY

 

Mattson, N.S. 2021. Webinar: Hydroponic production systems for leafy greens and herbs. Hosted by Greenhouse Production News magazine. Nov. 2, 2022. 96 participants, length in hours=1.9, total contact hours=96.

Mattson, N.S. 2021. Webinar: Unique crop requirements: Vegetables vs. ornamentals. Hosted by Greenhouse Lighting and Systems Engineering – Lighting Short Course. October 14, 2021. 244 participants, length in hours=0.5, total contact hours=122.

Mattson, N.S. 2021. Webinar: Lighting up CEA hemp: Light quantity, quality, and photoperiod demystified. Hosted by Greenhouse Production News magazine. September 22, 2021. 45 participants, length in hours=1.0, total contact hours=45.

 

OH

 

Factsheets and other extension media

See the Ohio accomplishment report

Kubota, C. 2021. Tool-based analysis of monthly heating costs for protected cultivation in Ohio. (factsheet). Ohio State University Extension. https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/anr-98

 

Website and social media

Kubota Lab (Controlled Environment Plant Physiology and Technology): http://u.osu.edu/cepptlab

Hydroponics / Soilless Culture Information https://u.osu.edu/hydroponics

Controlled Environment Berry Production Information https://u.osu.edu/indoorberry

Ohio Controlled Environment Agriculture Center (OHCEAC) https://ohceac.osu.edu

 

TX

 

Poel, B. and D. Hawley. 2021. Optimal lighting strategies for cannabis bud quality and yield. CannaCon Midwest Convention. Detroit, MI. June 25.

 

Workshop Sponsor:

 

AZ

 

Workshop sponsor

Kacira, M., G. Giacomelli, J. Cuello. 2022. NCERA 101 International Meeting on Controlled Environment Technology and Use. September 11-14 Tucson, Arizona. [with Program Coordinator J. Cadogan]

Kacira, M. 2022. OptimIA Project annual Stakeholder Meeting. September 15-16, University of Arizona, Tucson. [with Program Coordinator J. Cadogan]

Kacira, M., G. Giacomelli, B. Pryor, T. Hooks, E. Worth. 2022. 21^th Annual Greenhouse Crop Production and Engineering Design Short Course. The University of Arizona, Controlled Environment Agriculture Center, March 2022.

Kacira, M. 2022. Hydroponics Intensive Workshop. The University of Arizona, Controlled Environment Agriculture Center, Jan 7, 8, 9. [with Instructor Triston Hooks, and program Coordinator Ellen Worth]

 

Webinar sponsor

Marcelis, L., F. Orsini, M. Kacira. ISHS Talks on Vertical Farming. ISHS HortiDialogues Series. https://www.ishs.org/news/ishs-talks-vertical-farming

 

KY

 

Owen, W.G. Considerations for Fall Garden Mum Production. Maysville, KY. Sept. 28, 2021. 34 Attendees.

Owen, W.G. Fall Garden Mum and Greenhouse Tomato Twilight Tour. Hopkinsville, KY. Aug. 10, 2021. 56 Attendees.

 

MD

 

Erwin, Lea-Cox, D. Cochran.  Maryland Greenhouse Conference and Field Day, Maryland Nursery, Landscape and Greenhouse Association, Catoctin Mountain Growers, Keymar, MD. (July 8, 2021).

 

NJ

 

Both, A.J., D. Specca, D.P. Birnie, and K.P. Sullivan. 2022. Agrivoltaics. Information session at the 67^th New Jersey Agricultural Convention and Trade Show. February 8-10.

Brumfield, R.G. 2022. General Vegetables. Information session at the 67^th New Jersey Agricultural Convention and Trade Show. February 8-10.

 

OH

 

See the Ohio accomplishment report.

 

Workshop Participant:

 

AZ

 

Workshop participant

Giacomelli, G. 2022. Huerta and Agritecture Workshop by Yara Nagi, Agritecture, “Session 5: Farm Overview.” Online, Jan 10, 3pm - 5pm (EST).

Giacomelli, G. 2022. Greenhouse Design- Structures, Glazing, & Cooling. Presented at 21st UA-CEAC Annual Greenhouse Crop Production and Engineering Design Short Course, March. The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

Kacira, M. 2022. Monitoring Your Greenhouse Environment: Simple Tools to Technology

Trends, Presented at 21st UA-CEAC Annual Greenhouse Crop Production and Engineering Design Short Course, March. The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

Kacira. M. 2022.Controlled Environment Agriculture. FEW Educational Module presentation at Diné College Tribal Colleges and Universities Internship Program, May 31-June 3.

 

Webinar participant

Kacira, M. 2022. Innovative Technologies for Small-Scale Farmers. FAO & ISHS Joint Webinar, June 21^st. (Keynote presentation)

Kacira, M. 2022. Optimizing air distribution in CEA. Indoor AgScience Café, May 24^th. (Invited presentation)

Kacira, M. 2022. Sustaining the future with precision horticulture and engineering focusing on resource use efficiency. Annual South Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control, May 12. (Keynote presentation)

 

KY

 

Owen, W.G. Basics of Greenhouse Lighting. 2022 Fruit and Vegetable Conference, Bowling Green, KY. Jan. 3, 2022. 24 Attendees.

Owen, W.G. Managing Substrate pH of Containerized Crops. 2022 Fruit and Vegetable Conference, Bowling Green, KY. Jan. 3, 2022. 14 Attendees.

Owen, W.G. A Sampler on Sampling Substrate, Water, and Leaf Tissue for Nutrient Analysis. 2022 Fruit and Vegetable Conference, Bowling Green, KY. Jan. 3, 2022. 15 Attendees.

Owen, W.G. A Grower’s Guide to Greenhouse Gadgets. 2022 Fruit and Vegetable Conference, Bowling Green, KY. Jan. 3, 2022. 21 Attendees.

Owen, W.G. Kentucky Greenhouse Extension and Research Programming. Agriculture and Natural Resource Extension Agent Meeting, Richmond, KY. Oct. 25, 2021. 12 Attendees.

Owen, W.G. Kentucky Greenhouse Extension and Research Programming. Horticulture Extension Agent Meeting, Louisville, KY. Oct. 13, 2021. 22 Attendees.

 

MD

 

Temperature Management in Crop Production Invited, Erwin, J., Cultivate '22, "Temperature Management in Crop Production," (Presentation) AmeriHort, Columbus Convention Center, Columbus, OH, United States. (July 17, 2022).

Foliage Plant Production Invited, Erwin, J. (Professor and Chair), Cultivate '22, "Foliage Plant Production," (Presentation) AmeriHort, Columbus Convention Center, Columbus, OH, United States. (July 16, 2022).

High temperature effects on rooting:  Impact on fungicide application Invited, Erwin, J., Metrolina Greenhouse Meeting, "High temperature effects on rooting:  Impact on fungicide application," (Presentation) Gowan Chemical, Metrolina Greenhouse, Huntsville, NC, United States. (April 28, 2022).

Maximizing Profitability in Ornamental Crop Production Invited, Erwin, J. (Professor and Chair), Chessie Greenhouse Conference, "Maximizing Profitability in Ornamental Crop Production," (Presentation) Maryland Nursery, Landscape and Greenhouse Association, Linithicum, MD, United States. (February 18, 2022).

Flowering Plants on Time Invited, Erwin, J. (Professor and Chair), Chessie Greenhouse Conference, "Flowering Plants on Time," (Presentation) Maryland Nursery, Landscape and Greenhouse Association, Linithicum, MD, United States. (February 17, 2022).

Plant Growth Regulators in Greenhouse Crop Production Invited, Erwin, J. (Professor and Chair), Chessie Greenhouse Conference, "Plant Growth Regulators in Greenhouse Crop Production," (Presentation) Maryland Nursery, Landscape and Greenhouse Association, Linithicum, MD. (February 17, 2022).

Advances and Annual Update on the University of Maryland Invited, Erwin, J. (Presentor), MANTS, "Advances and Annual Update on the University of Maryland," (Presentation) Maryland Nursery, Landscaper and Greenhouse Association, Baltimore Convention Center, Baltimore, MD. (January 5, 2022).

Opportunities in Plant Science Invited, Erwin, J., Hereford High School - Plant Science Class, "Opportunities in Plant Science," (Presentation), Hereford High School, Monkton, MD. (December 8, 2021).

Advances in Ornamental and Greenhouse Vegetable Production Invited, Erwin, J. (Presentor), Floriculture Research Alliance National Meeting, "Advances in Ornamental and Greenhouse Vegetable Production," (Presentation) USDA-ARS; FNRI, Floriculture Research Alliance, Online. (October 18, 2021 - October 20, 2021).

University of Maryland Research Update Invited, Erwin, J., NC-1835 National Conference, "University of Maryland Research Update," (Presentation) NIFA, Online. (August 17, 2021).

Basic Plant Propagation Principles and Methods. Greenhouse Growers Field Day at Catoctin Mountain Growers. July 8, 2021.

Hop Propagation: 1 or 2 Node Cuttings. Greenhouse Growers Field Day at Catoctin Mountain Growers. July 8, 2021.

Advanced Nursery, Greenhouse and Controlled Environment Nutrient Applicator Training. Extension Signature Program. January 11, 2022.
Wye REC, Queenstown MD (11 January, 2022 April). 12 Participants
Notes & Annotations: Field-Test Procedures for Determining Substrate Air-Filled Porosity and Water Holding Capacity: Implications for Better Irrigation Management

Grower Certification (FTC) Training to write Water and Nutrient Management Plans for Controlled Environment Operations. Extension Signature Program. November 9, 2021 - December 14, 2021.
Training, UM-Wye REC (9 November, 2021); Certification Exam; UM-Wye REC (14 December, 2021)
Joint presentations and plan-writing sessions with Andrew G. Ristvey. (22 registrants; 8 Growers certified).

MNLGA Greenhouse Grower Field Day. Guest Lecture. July 8, 2021.
MNLGA Greenhouse Grower Field Day. Catoctin Mountain Growers. Invited Presentation on Predictive Sensing for Farm-based Risk Management. >50 Attendees.

UMD Extension Urban Farmer Field School. Guest Lecture. June 21, 2021.
UMD Extension Urban Farmer Field School.  Oliver Community Farm, Baltimore.  Invited Presentation on Substrate Management for Urban Farmers.  10 Registrants

Grower Certification (FTC) Training to write Water and Nutrient Management Plans for Controlled Environment Operations. Extension Signature Program. January 18, 2021 - April 8, 2021.
Training, UM-Wye REC (18 January, 2021); Certification Exam; UM-Wye REC (8 April, 2021)
Joint presentations and plan-writing sessions with Andrew G. Ristvey. (8 registrants; 3 Growers certified).

Manor View and Perennial Farms Education Event. Online Indsutry Educational Webinar. February 26, 2021.
Online Educational (Zoom) Event Hosted by University of Maryland Extension.  John Lea-Cox helped organize the event for Manor View Nursery and the Perennial Farm.  175 Participants.  Three invited speakers (one International, from UK)

 

NJ

 

Both, A.J. 2022. National Extension Energy Summit combined with the National Sustainability Summit. Penn State University. May 15-18.

 

KS

 

Williams, K.A. 2022. Tips and Techniques for Incorporating Scholarship of Teaching and Learning into Your Classroom In: C.T. Miller, Chair. Promoting Scholarship of Teaching and Learning. ASHS Workshop, Chicago.

 

OH

 

See the Ohio accomplishment report

 

Refereed Journal Articles (Pending):

 

AZ

 

Blum, M.A. Blum, C.H. Parrish II, D. Hebert, D. Houck, T. Moot, N. Makarov, K. Ramasamy, H. McDaniel, G.A. Giacomelli, and M.R. Bergren. Enhancing Light Quality with Luminescent Films Through Tunable Quantum Dot Emission for Hydroponic Lettuce Production, (In review, Hort Technology)

Valencia Islas, J. O., M. Kacira, I. Lopez-Cruz, G.A. Giacomelli, G.A. Ruiz, P. Li 2022. Controller Design for a Greenhouse-Type Solar Dryer Based on Product Temperature Model. Biosystems Engineering Journal.

 

KY

 

Seltsam, L. and W.G. Owen. Photosynthetic daily light integral influences growth, morphology, physiology, and quality of Nephrolepis cultivars. Accepted July 2022: HortScience.

 

FL

 

Retana-Cordero, M., S. Humphrey, and C. Gómez. 2022. Effect of radiation quality and relative humidity on intumescence injury and growth of tomato seedlings. HortScience 1–10 https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI16712-22

Retana-Cordero, M., S.J. Flores, P.R. Fisher, R. Freyre, and C. Gómez. 2022. Effect of container volume and planting density on ginger and turmeric growth and yield. HortTechnology 1–10. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH05092-22

Retana-Cordero, M., S. Flores, R. Freyre, and C. Gómez. 2022. Strategies to reduce radiation stress in open-field ginger and turmeric production. Agronomy 128:1910 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081910

 

MD

 

Beaulieu, J., Belayneh, B. E., Ristvey, A. G., Lea-Cox, J. D., Swett, C. L. (in press). Improving containerized nursery crop sustainability: Effects of conservation-driven adaptations in substrate and water use on plant growth and disease. HortScience. Accepted.

 

NJ

 

Lewus, D.C. and A.J. Both. 2022. Using computational fluid dynamics to evaluate high tunnel roof vent designs. Accepted for publication in AgriEngineering.

 

TN

 

Walters, K.J. and R.G. Lopez. 2022. The influence of mean daily temperature and daily light integral on the growth, development, biomass partitioning, and color of purple basil, sage, spearmint, and sweet basil. PLOS One.

Wedegaertner, K., A. Shekoofa, S. Purdom, K.J. Walters, L. Duncan, T. Raper. 2022. Cotton stomatal closure under varying temperature and vapor pressure deficit, correlation with the hydraulic conductance trait. The Journal of Cotton Research.