SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report

Status: Approved

Basic Information

Participants

Brummer, E.C. - Iowa State Univ.; St. Amand, P. - Kansas State Univ.; Taylor, N.L. - Univ. of Kentucky; Phillips, T.D. - Univ. of Kentucky; Ehlke, N.J. - Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul; Viands, D.R. - Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Hansen, J.L. - Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Boe, A.R. - South Dakota State Univ., Brookings; Balasko, J.A. - West Virginia Univ.; Voigt, P.W. - USDA/ARS; Barker, R.E. - USDA/ARS; Berdahl, J.D. - USDA/ARS; Gustine, D.L. - USDA/ARS; Beuselinck, P.R. - USDA/ARS; Smith, R.R. - USDA/ARS; Peel, M. - USDA/ARS; Papadopoulos, Y.A. - Agric. & Agri-Food Canada; Michaud, R. - Agric. & Agri-Food Canada; Coulman, B. - Agric. & Agri-Food Canada; Smith, R. - Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Coffman, W.R. - Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Thro, A.M.-USDA/CSREES Representative

The Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit (PSWMRU) and Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, hosted the Annual meeting of NE144 on September 26, 2002. R. Michaud chaired the business portion of the meeting. The members of the committee presented the highlights of the current research activities under NE144. Discussion centered on activities that should be completed with the NE144 project and others that will be continued or created under the newly approved NE1010 project. A. Boe and M. Peel were elected respectively chairman and secretary for the next meeting.

Accomplishments

The NE-144 Multistate Committee fosters an environment conducive to collaboration in developing and testing at a wide range of locations cultivars and germplasm of birdsfoot trefoil, orchardgrass and alfalfa expressing broad geographic adaptation, disease and insect resistance, seed/forage yield, and forage quality. The results of this project have significant outcomes for forage breeders and forage producers. A number of improved cultivars and experimental populations expressing broad geographic adaptation have been developed for birdsfoot trefoil, orchard grass, alfalfa, timothy, and white clover. Though complete evaluations of these new populations will not be concluded for several years, information on new crops, e.g,, kura clover, is being expanded throughout a wide geographic area. This committee facilitated organizing these wide area evaluations. This committee evaluated alternate breeding methods for alfalfa, orchardgrass and perennial rye grass in order to identify the most effective methods for producing improved cultivars. Several methods have been analyzed in recent years in alfalfa. Finally this committee has produced previously unknown molecular markers useful for more efficient and quicker development of new varieties.

Impacts

  1. The improved disease and insect resistance, forage and seed yield, broad geographic adaptation, and forage quality of these cultivars will help producers manage risk and sustain profitability.
  2. We have evaluated a number of alternate breeding methods for alfalfa, orchardgrass, and perennial ryegrass in order to identify methods most effective for producing improved cultivars. This research will indirectly help producers by allowing breeders to be more efficient during the cultivar development process.
  3. The committee has evaluated germplasm of alfalfa for agronomic qualities and cultivars of kura for adaptation. This research will assist breeders in utilizing the genetic variability existing in these species as they develop improved cultivars. The NE-144 Multistate Committee has allowed forage breeders from the Midwestern and eastern US and eastern Canada to pursue the breeding and evaluation of various forage crops, limiting duplication, and maximizing returns on research investment.

Publications

1998: Beuselinck,P.R.. 1998. Birdsfoot trefoil seed production: a historical analysis. pp.351-360. In Fairey, D.T. and Hampton, J.G. (ed.) Forage Seed Production: vol. I, Temperate species. CAB International Monograph, Wallingford, UK Brummer, E.C. 1998. Molecular and cellular technology in forage improvement: An overview. p. 1-10. In E.C. Brummer, N.S. Hill, and C. Roberts. Molecular and cellular technology in forage improvement. CSSA, Madison, WI. Casler, M. D., K. P. Vogel, J. A. Balasko, D. A. Miller, J. D. Berdahl, J. L. Hansen, and J. O. Fritz. 1998. Genetic progress from 50 years of smooth bromegrass breeding. Agron. Abstr. Eizenga, G. C. and T. D. Phillips. 1998. Release of thirteen monosomic, tall fescue genetic stocks. Crop Sci. 38:554-555. Fonseca, C. E. L. 1998. Breeding for neutral detergent-soluble fiber and associations among forage quality traits, vigor, and disease resistance in alfalfa. Ph.D. Dissertation. Cornell Univ. 123 pp. Fonseca, C. E. L., D. R. Viands, J. L. Hansen, A. N. Pell, J. E. Miller-Garvin, and E. M. Thomas. 1998. Associations among forage quality traits, disease resistance, and vigor in alfalfa. 36th North Amer. Alfalfa Improv. Conf., 2-6 August 1998, Bozeman, MT. p. 73. Gebrehiwot, L. and Beuselinck, P.R Cyanogens and condensed tannin. concentrations in three Lotus species. Am. Soc. Agron. Agron. Abst. p. 144. ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI. 1997. Genrich, K.C., C.C. Schaeffer, and N.J. Ehlke. 1998. Kura clover growth and development during the seeding year. Crop Sci. 38: 735-741. Hansen, J. L., C. L. Morehouse, and D. R. Viands. 1998. 1998 Forage crops data summaries. Plant Breeding Mimeo 98-3. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Kallenbach, R. L. , R. L. McGraw, P. R. Beuselinck, and P. A. Balatti. 1998. Rhizomatous birdsfoot trefoil exhibits a unique response to nitrogen-free conditions. Agronomy J. 90:709-713. Nualsri, C., and P.R. Beuselinck. 1998. Rhizomatous Lotus corniculatus L. IV. Inheritance of rhizomes. Crop Sci. 38:1175-1179. Nualsri, C., P.R. Beuselinck, and J.J. Steiner. 1998. Rhizomatous Lotus corniculatus L. Ill. Introgression of rhizomes into autogamous germplasm. Crop Sci. 38:503-509. Phillips, T. D., G. C. Eizenga, J. F. Pedersen, and P. B. Burrus, Jr. 1998. Registration of KY 07G23-334 and KY 07G23-336 orchardgrass germplasms. Crop Sci. 38:559. Phillips, T. D., G. C. Eizenga, J. F. Pedersen, and P. B. Burrus, Jr. 1998. Registration of KY-Leafy timothy germplasm. Crop Sci. 38:566. Roberts, C.A., Karr, A.L., Beuselinck, P.R. and Shaffer, W.H. Constitutively-expressed chitinases in birdsfoot trefoil and relationship to Rhizoctonia resistance. Am. Soc. Agron. Agron. Abst. p. 101. ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI. 1997. Smith R.R. 1998. Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M.B.): A forage legume with great potential for pasture and conservation. Proc. 21st Meeting of Fodder Section of EUCARPIA. Breeding for a Multifunctional Agriculture (eds.) B. Boller and F.J. Stadelmann. pp. 87-90. Swiss Fed. Res. Sta. Agroecology and Agr., Zurich-Reckenholz, Switzerland. Smith, R.R. and D.K. Sharpee. 1996. Red clover and birdsfoot trefoil strain trials In Wisconsin. US Dairy Forage Research Center Mimeo. Madison, WI. Smith, R.R., and C.R. Grau. 1998. Selection for resistance to Mycoleptodiscus terrestris in red clover and trefoil. 1998 Agron. Abst. p. 73. Smith, R.R., C.R. Grau, and D.K. Sharpee. 1998. Selection for resistance to the northern root-knot nematode in red clover. Proc. XV Trifolium Conf., June 10-12, 1998. p.22. Madison, WI. Smith, R.R., C.R. Grau, and L.E. Gray. 1998. First report of Mycoleptodiscus terrestris infecting forage legumes and soybeans in Wisconsin. Plant Dis. 82: 126. Taylor, N.L. and R.R. Smith. 1998. Kura Clover (Trifolium ambiguum M.B.) Breeding, Culture,, and Utilization. Adv. Agronomy 63:153-178. Voigt, P.W. and D.R. Morris. 1998. Growth of the white clover core collection on acid and limed soil. Agron. Abstr. p. 162. Voigt, P.W., H. Godwin, and D.R. Morris. 1998. Effects of four acids soils on root growth of white clover seedlings using a soil-on-agar procedure. Plant Soil 205; 51-56. Voigt, P.W., K.E. Turner, and D.R. Morris. 1998 Grazing tolerance of white clover germplasm in Appalachia. Proc. Fifteenth Trifolium Conference. p. 35. 1999: Banuelos, G. S. and Beuselinck, P.R. 1999. Using Lotus for phytoremediation of selenium under saline conditions in central California. 2nd Int. Lotus Symp., 1-7 Aug. 1999, St. Louis, MO. XIV Int. Bot. Congr. Abstr. p. 30. Beuselinck, P.R. 1999. Lotus Newsletter. Vol. 30. (www.psu.missouri.edu/lnl) Beuselinck, P.R. 1999. Reproduction in Lotus spp.: A diverse array of survival tactics. 2nd Int. Lotus Symp., 1-7 Aug. 1999, St. Louis, MO. XIV Int. Bot. Congr. Abstr. p. 31. Beuselinck, P.R. 1999. Some thoughts on interactions of birdsfoot trefoil with companion grasses. Working Group on Pasture Ecology Newsl. 22:16-17. Beuselinck, P.R. 1999. The Lotus japonicus Homepage. Vol. 1. (www. psu. missouri. edu/1nl/lotusjaponicus/lj. htm) Beuselinck, P.R. 1999. Trefoil: The Science and technology of Lotus. Beuselinck, P. R. (ed.). CSSA Special Publication 28. 266 p. ASA, and CSSA, Madison, WI. Collins, M. and N. L. Taylor. 1999. Establishment of kura clover and red clover on surface mine spoil and soil. Intern. J. Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment 13:1-5. Fonseca, C. E. L., D. R. Viands, J. L. Hansen, and A. N. Pell. 1999. Associations among forage quality traits, vigor, and disease resistance in alfalfa. Crop Sci. 39:1271-1276. Fonseca, C. E. L., J. L. Hansen, E. M. Thomas, A. N. Pell, and D. R. Viands. 1999. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy prediction and heritability of neutral detergent soluble fiber in alfalfa. Crop Sci. 39:1265-1270. Gustine, D.L. and D.R. Huff. 1999. Genetic variation within and among white clover populations from managed permanent pastures of the northeastern U.S. Crop Sci. 39 :524-530. Hansen, J. L., C. L. Morehouse, D. R. Viands, and S. M. Haner. 1999. 1999 Forage crops data summaries. Plant Breeding Mimeo 99-3. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Hansen, J. L., D. R. Viands, S. M. Haner, and C. L. Morehouse. 1999. Forage crops yield trial summaries. Plant Breeding Mimeo 99-2. Michaud, R. and G.F. Tremblay. 1999. Assessment of crude protein degradation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). 1999. p. 140-145 Proc. XIII Eucarpia Medicago spp Group Meeting, 13-16 September 1999. Perugia, Italy. N.L. Taylor, and R.E. Mundell. 1999. Registration of multiple cotyledon red clover genetic marker stock; L38-1485. Crop Sci. 39:1259. Spitaleri, R., J.C. Henning, N.L. Taylor, G.D. Lacefield, D.C. Ditsch, and R.E. Mundell. 1999. The 1998 Red Clover Report. U.K. Agric. Exp. Sta. Prog. Rept. 412:1-7. Taylor, N.L., R. Spitaleri, J.C. Henning, G.D. Lacefield, D.C. Ditsch, and R.E. Mundell. 1999. The 1998 Kura Clover Report. U.K. Agric. Exp. Sta. Prog. Rept. 419:1-3. Venuto, B.C., R.R. Smith, and C.R. Grau. 1999. Selection for resistance to Fusarium wilt in red clover. Can. J. Plant Sci. 79: 351-356. Voigt, P.W., K.E. Turner, and D.R. Morris. 1999. Grazing tolerance of elite white clover germplasm in Appalachia. Agron. Abstr. 91:71. Werisma, D.W., R.R. Smith, and M.J. Wood. 1999. Red clover variety performance in four management systems. Agron. Abstract p. 2000: Altier, N.A., N.J. Ehlke, and M. Rebuffo. 2000. Divergent selection for resistance to Fusarium root rot in birsfoot trefoil. Crop Sci. 40: 670-675. Beuselinck, P.R. 2000. Lotus spp. as model systems for nematode resistance studies in soybean. p. 73. Proc. Euroconf. "Molecular genetics of model legumes, 24-28 June 2000. Norwich, UK. Beuselinck, P.R. and R.L. McGraw. 2000. Vestigial corolla in flowers of birdsfoot trefoil. Crop Sci. 40:964-967. Beuselinck,P.R. 2000. Lotusjaponicus homepage. Vol.2. (www.psu.missouri.ed~lul/ljaponicus2/lj.htm) Beuselinck,P.R. 2000. LotusNewsletter. Vol.31.(www.psu.missouri.edu/lnl/) Brummer, E.C., M.M. Shah, and D. Luth. 2000. Reexamining relationship between fall dormancy and winter hardiness in alfalfa. Crop Sci. 40:971-977. Byers, R.A., G.A. Pederson, and P.W. Voigt. 2000. Evaluating white clover for resistance to Sitona hispidulus larva. p. 5. Proc. Sixteenth Trifolium Conf. Casler, M.D., K.P. Vogel, J.A. Balasko, J.D. Berdahl, D.A. Miller, J.L. Hansen, and J.O. Fritz. 2000. Genetic progress from 50 years of smooth bromegrass breeding. Crop Sci. 40:13-22. English, J.T. and P.R. Beuselinck. 2000. Methods for valuating birdsfoot trefoil for susceptibility to foliar and shoot blight caused by Rhizoctonia spp. Crop Sci. 40:841-843. Fjellstrom, R.G., Beuselinck, P.R., Steiner, J.J. Inheritance and linkage of RFLP, PCR, and isozyme markers in Lotus corniculatus. Proceedings of Inter. Plant & Animal Genome VIII Conference. San Diego, California. 2000. p. 123. Gustine, D.L. and M.A. Sanderson. 2000. Molecular analysis of white clover population structure in grazed swards. p. 12. Proc. Sixteenth Trifolium Conf. Hansen, J. L., C. L. Morehouse, D. R. Viands, and S. M. Haner. 2000. 2000 Forage crops data summaries. Plant Breeding Mimeo 00-3. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Hansen, J. L., D. R. Viands, S. M. Haner, and C. L. Morehouse. Cornell University/New York State Forage Yield Trials Summary-2000: Company and Extension Report. Plant Breeding Mimeo 00-4. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Hansen, J. L., D. R. Viands, S. M. Haner, and C. L. Morehouse. Cornell University/New York State Forage Yield Trials Summary-2000: Producer Report. Plant Breeding Mimeo 00-5. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Kimpinski, J., Y.A. Papadopoulos, B.R. Christie, K. B.. McRae, and C.E. Gallant. 2000. lnvasion and reproduction of Pratylenchus penetrans in birdsfoot trefoil cultivars. Phytoprotection 80 179-184. Staley, T.E. and P.W. Voigt. 2000. Methodological considerations for elucidating low-level limiting effects on white clover symbiosis establishment in an acidic soil model system. Soil Sci. 165:567-S77. Steiner, J.J. and P.R. Beuselinck. 2000. Registration of ARS- 1221 big trefoil germplasm. Crop Sci. 40:1204-1205. Steiner, J.J. and P.R. Beuselinck. 2000. Registration of ARS-1207 narrow leaf trefoil gemplasm. Crop Sci. 40:1205. Tremblay, G.F., R. Michaud, G. Belanger, K.B. McRae, and H.V. Petit. 2000. In vitro ruminal undegradable proteins of alfalfa cultivars. Can. J. Plant Sci. 80:312-325. Voigt, P.W. 2000. White clover collections from central Appalachia. p. 23. Proc. Sixteenth Trifolium Conf. 2001: Asay, K.H., H.F. Mayland, P.G. Jefferson, J.D. Berdahl, J.F. Karn, and B.L. Waldron. 2001. Parent-Progeny relationships and genotype x environment effects for factors associated with grass tetany and forage quality in Russian wildrye. Crop Sci. 41:1478-1484. Berdahl, J.D., J.F. Karn, and J.R. Hendrickson. 2001. Dry matter yields of cool-season grass monocultures and grass-alfalfa binary mixtures. Agron. J. 93:463-467. Beuselinck, P.R. Lotus Newsletter. 2001. Vol. 32. Jan. (www.psu.missouri.edu/lnl). Brummer, E.C., M.K. Sledge, J.H. Bouton, and G. Kochert. 2001. Molecular marker analyses in alfalfa and related species. In: R.L. Phillips and I.K. Vasil (eds.) DNA-based Markers in Plants. 2" Ed. Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Casler, M.D., K.P. Vogel, J.A. Balasko, J.D. Berdahl, D.A. Miller, J.L. Hanson, and J.O. Fritz. 2001. Longitudinal and latitudinal adaptation of smooth bromegrass populations. Crop Sci. 41:1456-1460. Casler, M.D., Vogel, K.P., Balasko, J.A., Berdahl, J.D., Miller, D.A., Hansen, J.L., and Fritz, J.O. 2001. Latitudinal and longitudinal adaptation of smooth bromegrass populations. Crop Sci. 41:1456-1460. Dehaan, L.R., N.J. Ehlke, and C.C. Shaeffer. 2001. Recurrent selection for seedling vigor in kura clover. Crop Sci. 41. 1034-1041. Fjellstrom, R.J., Steiner, J.J., Beuselinck P.R. RFLP marker analysis supports tetrasomic inheritance in Lotus corniculatus L. Theor. Appl. Genet. 2001. 102:718-725. Frank, A.B., and J.D. Berdahl. 2001. Gas exchange and water relations in diploid and tetraploid Russian wildrye. Crop Sci. 41:87-92. Garcia de los Santos, G., Steiner, J.J., Beuselinck, P.R. Adaptive ecology of Lotus corniculatus L. genotypes: II. Crossing ability. Crop Sci. 2001. 41:564-570. Gebrehiwot, L., Beuselinck, P.R. Seasonal variations in HCN concentration of three Lotus species. Agron. J. 2001. 41:93:603-608. Gustine, D.L. and Sanderson, M.A. 2001. Quantifying spatial and temporal genotypic changes in white clover populations by RAPD technology. Crop Sci. 41:143-148. Gustine, D.L., Skinner, R.H., and Sanderson, M.A. 2001. Water stress and species complexity alter genetic diversity in white clover populations. Plant Biology 2001. Abstract Supplement, American Society of Plant Physiologists. Hansen, J. L., D. R. Viands, R. Deubler, and J. L. Singer. 2001. Cornell University/New York State Forage Yield Trials Summary-2001: Company and Extension Report. Plant Breeding Mimeo 01-4. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Hansen, J. L., D. R. Viands, R. Deubler, and J. L. Singer. 2001. Cornell University/New York State Forage Yield Trials Summary-2001: Producer Report. Plant Breeding Mimeo 01-5. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Hansen, J. L., J. L. Singer, D. R. Viands, and R. Deubler. 2001. 2001 Forage crops data summaries. Plant Breeding Mimeo 01-3. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Hendrickson, J.R., B.J. Weinhold, and J.D. Berdahl. 2001. Decomposition rates of native and improved cultivars of grasses in the northern Great Plains. Arid Land Res. and Mangt. 15:347-357. Jefferson, P.G., H.F. Mayland, K.H. Asay, and J.D. Berdahl. 2001. Variation in mineral concentration and grass tetany potential among Russian wildrye accessions. Crop Sci. 41:543-548. Kallenbach, R.L., McGraw, R.L., Beuselinck, P.R., Roberts, C.A. Summer and autumn growth of rhizomatous birdsfoot trefoil. Agronomy J. 2001. 41: 149-156. Munkvold, G.P., Carlton, W.M., Brummer, E.C., and Meyer, J.R. 2001. Virulence of Iowa strains of Aphanomyces euteiches and benefits of resistance to Aphanomyces root rot in alfalfa cultivars. Plant Dis. 85:328-333. Steiner, J.J., Beuselinck, P.R. Registration of RG-BFT photoperiod insensitive and rapidflowering autogamous birdsfoot trefoil genetic stock. Crop Sci. 2001. 41:607-608. Woodfield, D. and E.C. Brurnmer. 2001. Integrating molecular techniques to maximise the genetic potential of forage legumes. Second International Symposium on Molecular Breeding of Forage Crops. 2002: Berdahl, J.D., and R.E. Ries. 2002. Russian wildrye seedling development under three temperature regimes. Crop Sci. 42:1647-1650. Brummer, E.C., K.J. Moore, and N.C. Bjork. 2002. Agronomic consequences of dormant-nondormant alfalfa mixtures. Agron. J. 94:. Casler, M. D., P. R. Peterson, L. D. Hoffman, E. C. Brummer, J. L. Hansen, M. J. Mlynarek, M. R. Sulc, J. C. Henning, D. J. Undersander, P. G. Pitts, P. C. Bilkey, and C. A. Rose-Fricker. 2002. Natural selection of survival improves freezing tolerance, forage yield, and persistence of Festulolium. Crop Sci. 42:1421-1426. Cox, T.S., M. Bender, C. Picone, D.L. Van Tassel, J.B. Holland, E.C. Brummer, B.E. Zoeller, A.H. Paterson, and W. Jackson. 2002. Breeding perennial grain crops. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 21:59-91. Gustine, D.L., P.W. Voigt, E.C. Brummer, and Y.A. Papadopoulos. 2002. Genetic variation of RAPD markers in North American white clover collections and cultivars. Crop Sci. 42:343-347. Hansen, J. L., D. R. Viands, R. Deubler, and J. L. Singer. 2002. Cornell University/New York State Forage Yield Trials Summary-2002: Company and Extension Report. Plant Breeding Mimeo 02-4. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Hansen, J. L., D. R. Viands, R. Deubler, and J. L. Singer. 2002. Cornell University/New York State Forage Yield Trials Summary-2002: Producer Report. Plant Breeding Mimeo 02-5. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Hansen, J. L., J. E. Miller-Garvin, J. K. Waldron, and D. R. Viands. 2002. Comparison of potato leafhopper-resistant and susceptible alfalfa in New York. Crop Sci. 42:1155-1163. Hansen, J. L., J. E. Miller-Garvin, J. L. Neally, E. M. Thomas, E. J. Shields, and D. R. Viands. 2002. Evaluation of alfalfa and birdsfoot trefoil on alfalfa snout beetle infested fields. 38`h North Amer. Alfalfa Impr. Conf. 27-31 July 2002. Sacramento, CA. (in press) Hansen, J. L., J. L. Singer, D. R. Viands, and R. Deubler. 2002. 2002 Forage crops data summaries. Plant Breeding Mimeo 02-3. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Hendrickson, J.R., and J.D. Berdahl. 2002. Intermediate wheatgrass and Russian wildrye responses to defoliation and moisture. J.Range Mangt. 55:99-103. Hoy, M.D., K.J. Moore, J.R. George, and E.C. Brummer. 2002. Alfalfa yield and quality as influenced by establishment method. Agron. J. 94:65-71. Keller, D.K. and E.C. Brummer. 2002. Putting food production in context: Toward a postmechanistic agricultural ethic. BioScience 52:264-271. Papadopoulos, Y.A., J. Kimpinski, B. R. Christie, K. B. McRae, C. E. Gallant and S.A.E. Fillmore. 2002. Relative invasion and reproduction of root-lesion (Pratylenchus penetrans) among selected varieties and cultivars of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Phytoprotection 83: 41 - 45. Riday, H. and E.C. Brummer. 2002. Forage yield heterosis in alfalfa. Crop Sci. 42:716-723. Riday, H. and E.C. Brummer. 2002. Heterosis of agronomic traits in alfalfa. Crop Sci. 42:1081-1087. Riday, H., E.C. Brummer, and K.J. Moore. 2002. Heterosis of forage quality in alfalfa. Crop Sci. 42:1088-1093. 2003: Casler, M.D., Barker, R.E. , Brummer, E. C., Papadopolous, Y.A. , and Hoffman, L.D. 2003. Selection for Orchardgrass Seed Yield in Target vs. Non-target Environments. Crop Sci. 43: 532-538. Claessens, A., R. Michaud, G. Bilanger, and D. Mather. 2003. Characteristics of timothy genotypes divergently selected for fiber traits. Crop Sci. (in press).
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