SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report

Status: Approved

Basic Information

Participants

Fretz, Thomas (tf43@umail.umd.edu) - University of Maryland College Park; Cuello,Joel. Giacomelli, Gene. Kania, Stephen. Kubota, Chieri. Suarez, Armando - University of Arizona; Gent, Martin - Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station; McAvoy, Richard - University of Connecticut; Duncan, George. Geneve, Bob - University of Kentucky; Heins, Royal. Runnkle, Eric - Michigan State University; Both, A.J. Brumfield, Robin - Rutgers University; Albright, Lou - Cornell University; Brugger, Mike. Hansen, Robert - The Ohio State University;

Accomplishments

NE-164: Decision/Support for Design and Control of Plant Growth Systems
Summary of Project 2001

Objective 1: Integrate environmentally acceptable and economically-profitable management models into crop growth control and profitability

1 a. Develop decision/support tools based on plant growth and development models to enhance crop growth control and profitability

Two closed, contrasting, watering systems are being studied and contrasted: an ebb and flood floor system at Rutgers University and a deep trough hydroponic system at Cornell University.

The Rutgers irrigation system was installed in an open/roof greenhouse in preparation for operation of the greenhouse during the coming year. The system is closed, with make-up water added as needed and nutrients then added as needed by fertilizer injectors. The system will be operated during the coming year and its characteristics quantified. Monitoring the fertilizer addition rates can, ultimately, be used to develop nutrient uptake models that can lead to more effective addition of fertilizer at lower cost.

The Cornell system was developed and is being operated to confirm and expand (or tune) models of plant growth and transpiration using lettuce in deep troughs. Additionally, a neural network model is being completed that is proposed to be the first step of a fault detection procedure that can be implemented to detect anomalous behavior of the components of plant production systems by monitoring and predicting transpiration, EC and pH, and comparing predictions to measured values. Such a fault detection method can identify problems in their initial stages (typically within 20 minutes) , when time will still permit remedial actions to limit crop damage and production loss.

Ohio State University (through OARDC, the Wooster campus) has developed a decision support program for hydroponic tomato production. The decision support algorithm is based on thirteen growth functions and is available as an interactive computer program through the OARDC web site. The site is actively used by commercial hydroponic tomato growers.

Two doctoral theses at Rutgers University have provided computer models to advance the development of management models for plant production systems.

One doctoral thesis developed a computerized algorithm to simulate and
compensate for effects of environmental perturbations on production and
scheduling of hydroponically grown wheat, soybean and white potato in
controlled environments.

A second doctoral thesis provides mathematical computer modeling tools
capable of implementation for system level analysis. The focus was
application to advanced life support systems such as the International Space


Station, but the approach was object oriented and the computer model provides modules that could be applied to commercial plant production as well.

Precision microirrigation studies continue at Ohio State University. Measured and modeled evapotranspiration comparisons are being accumulated with the goal of modeling ET as a method to control irrigation of nursery plants individually and avoid excessive irrigation and nutrient loss to the environment.

Ohio State University continues to develop IPM tools to reduce pest pressure and pesticide use through greenhouse environmental control. A series of fact sheets has been published.

lb. Develop an integrated information data base on CEA plant growth systems to facilitate analysis and produce a decision-support tool.

Two stations are exploring plant lighting topics, one aspect is light integral control and the other is spectral quality of supplemental light.


Cornell University continues to develop and test a total daily PAR integral
control method and is testing it in a prototype commercial lettuce production
greenhouse. Control appears to be generally within one mol/m2 of daily PAR
integral, or within 8%, with most days much better than this.

Michigan State University is exploring the effects of spectral quality on plant
growth and morphology. A wide variety of crops is being tested.

Each aspect is important for developing decision support tools related to plant lighting for the control total growth and plant quality, and timing of development.

Cornell University conducted an industry survey and several focus group discussions to review industry experiences, assess major management concerns with adopting sub irrigation systems, and establish benchmarks to estimate cost in capital investment analyses related to four alternative zero runoff systems (ebb and flow benches, Dutch movable trays, flooded floors, and trough benches). The survey showed growers adopt zero-runoff technologies to improve product quality and production efficiency, not to prepare for impending environmental regulations.


Objective 2: Enhance commercial greenhouse design, water management, and environmental systems for cool and cloudy climates

2a. Develop design and control recommendations for naturally ventilated greenhouses

An open-roof greenhouse at Rutgers University is being modified with new sidewall panels and two motorized side vents to allow for ventilation during times of high winds and rainy weather. Construction of the greenhouse continues with floor heat and a gasfired boiler system to be installed. Open roof greenhouses are increasingly popular with commercial growers, and the Rutgers system will provide a working system to develop design and operating guidelines suitable to cool, rainy climates, but with hot summers, such as characterize the Northeast.

Researchers at Ohio State University continue to develop methods to quantify air flow rates and patterns in naturally-ventilated greenhouses using the computational fluid dynamics computer model, FLUENT. More effective placements of side and roof vents have been identified, with the resulting natural (wind-induced) ventilation rates being comparable or better than the rates provided by fan ventilation systems. Interactions between researchers at Ohio State and Cornell continue related to systematic evaluations of FLUENT results as derived from modeling wind ventilation of greenhouses.

Use of insect screens is not practical with naturally-ventilated greenhouses. Moreover, the typical negative pressure system used for fan-ventilated greenhouses draws insects through every inadvertent opening, providing short-circuit paths for air around screens. Rutgers University is completing a study of a positive-pressure system that can be an alternative to other ventilation systems, both mechanical and natural.

2b. Enhance technology transfer and research in supplemental lighting

See section lb above for related supplemental lighting research.

Michigan State University continues to explore environmental conditions and plant responses under near-infra red reflecting greenhouse films used as shade curtains. Recently available films show a good ability to reflect near IR to save energy, with minimal PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation) reduction.

A collaborative project between Rutgers University and the University of New Hampshire, with a commercial collaborator in New Jersey, was initiated to study and quantify the economic feasibility of supplemental lighting for commercial plug production. The study continues.

2c. Improve greenhouse wastewater treatment through use of constructed wetlands or phytoremediation

No activities to report during the current year of effort.


Publications:

Publications for the year 2001 report are provided in the individual station reports that accompany this summary report.

It should be noted that three new fact sheets were developed as a collaborative effort between Rutgers University and The Pennsylvania State University.


Evaluating mechanical ventilation systems for commercial plant production
facilities

Instruments for measuring the aerial environment in commercial plant production facilities

Evaluating indoor aerial environments in commercial plant production facilities

Impacts

Publications

Fleisher, D.H. (Advisor: Ting, K.C.) 2001. Crop modeling for multiple crop production and control for advanced life support systems. Ph.D. Dissertation, Rutgers University.

Hsiang, H. (Advisor: Ting, K.C.) 2001. Top-level modeling of a food processing and nutrition (FPN) component ofan advanced life support system (ALSS). M.S. Thesis, Rutgers University.

Lee, In-Bok, T.H. Short, S. Sase, and S. Lee. 2001. Evaluation of computational fluid dynamics for analysis of aerodynamics in naturally ventilated multi-span greenhouses. Journal ofAgricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Korea 1(2): 73-80.

Lee, In-Bok and T.H. Short 2001. Verification of computational fluid dynamic temperature simulations in a full-scale naturally ventilated greenhouse. Transactions oftheASAE44(1): 119-127.

Kacira, M. and P.P. Ling. 2001. Design and development of an automated and non-contact sensing system for continuous monitoring of plant health and growth. Transactions of the ASAE 44(4): 989-996.

Kirnak, H. and T.H. Short. 2001. An evapotranspiration model for nursery plants grown in a lysimeter under field conditions. Turkish Journal, for Agriculture and Forestry 25(1): 57-63.

Kim, Y. and P.P. Ling. 2001. Machine visions guided sensor positioning system for leaf temperature assessment. Transactions of the A SAE 44(6): 1941-I 947.


Gent, M.P.N. 2001. Effect of nitrogen and potassium supply on yield and tissue composition of greenhouse tomato. Submitted to Acta Horticulturae.

Gent, M.P.N. 2001. Seasonal changes of water and nutrient use in greenhouse tomato. Proceedings New England Vegetable and Berry Conference, Sturbridge, MA p 196-197.

Albright, LD., R.S. Gates, K.G. Arvanitis and A. Drysdale. 2001. Environmental control for plants on Earth and in space. IEEE Control Systems Magazine. 21(5):28-47.

Both, A.J., D.E. Ciolkosz and L.D. Albright. 2002. Light uniformity underneath supplemental lighting systems. Acta Horticulrurae (in press).

Ciolkosz, D.E., A. J. Both, and L. D. Albright. 2002. Selection and placement of greenhouse luminaires for uniformity. Applied Engr. in Agr. 17(6):106-113.

Ciolkosz, D.E., L. D. Albright, J.C. Sager and R.W. Langhans. 2002. A model for plant lighting system selection. Trans. of the ASAE (in press).

Ferentinos, K.P. and L.D. Albright. 2002. Modeling pH and electrical conductivity in hydroponics using artificial neural networks. Acta Horticulturae (in press).

Ferentmos, K.P., L.D. Abright and B. Spelman. 2002. Predictive neural network modeling of pH and electrical conductivity in deep-trough hydroponics. Trans. of the ASAE (in revriw).

Johnson-Rutzke, C.F., R.P. Glahn, M.A. Rutske, R.M. Wheeler, R.M. Welch, R.W. Langhans, L.D. Albright and G.F. Combs, Jr. 2002. Light quality effects on the nutritional value of spinach plants. NASA TM 2002-210268, John F. Kennedy Space Center, FL. 26 pp.


Rorabaugh, P.A., 2001. Basic Principles of Hydroponics. Greenhouse Workshop, Payson, AZ July 6, 2001 Paper #E-1 25933-02-01

Rorabaugh, P.A., 2001. Plant Nutrition. Greenhouse Workshop, Payson, AZ July 6, 2001 Paper #E-125933-02-01

Rorabaugh, P.A., 2001. Plant Protection in the Greenhouse. Greenhouse Workshop, Payson, AZ July 6, 2001 Paper #E-125933-03-01

Giacomelli, G.A., 2001. Greenhouse Structures. Greenhouse Workshop, Payson, AZ July 6, 2001 Paper #E-125933-04-01.

Giacomelli, G.A., 2001. Greenhouse Environmental Control. Greenhouse Workshop, Payson, AZ July Paper #E-125933-05-01

Giacomelli, G.A., 2001. Nutrient Delivery Systems and Irrigation. Greenhouse Workshop, Payson, AZ July 6, 2001 Paper #E-125933-06-01

Ogor, Yoann, 2001. Analysis of the Tomato Crop production Inside a Controlled Environment System. Ecole Superieure d‘Ingenieurs et de Techniciens pour ]‘Agriculture, Rouen, France. Report to the Controlled Environment Agriculture Center (CEAC) for 4-month internship program Paper # R-125933-07-01.

Kania, S.T. and G.A. Giacomelli, 2001. Solar Radiation Availability for Plant Growth in Arizona Controlled Environment Agriculture Systems. Proceedings of the 30y‘ National Agricultural Plastics Congress, San Diego, CA, American Society for Plasticulture, February 23 - 26, 2002. pps. 66-71. Paper #P-125933-08-01

Pagliarulo, C.L. and A.L. Hayden, 2001. Potential for Greenhouse Aeroponic Cultivation of Medicinal Root Crops Proceedings of the 30`" National Agricultural Plastics Congress, San Diego, CA, American Society for Plasticulture, February 23 - 26, 2002. pps. 47-53. Paper # P-125933-09-01.

Rorabaugh, P.A., M.H. Jensen and G.A. Giacomelli, 2001. Production Procedures for Greenhouse Tomatoes in Arizona With a Focus on Nutrition in Hot Climates.
Proceedings of the 30V‘ National Agricultural Plastics Congress, San Diego, CA,
American Society for Plasticulture, February 23 - 26, 2002. pps. 54-59. Paper # P-125933-10-01

Giacomelli, G.A., 2001. Controlled Environment Agriculture Center (CEAC) `Program of High Technology Agriculture in the Desert Southwest U.S.‘ Proceedings of the 30" National Agricultural Plastics Congress, San Diego, CA, American Society for Plasticulture, February 23 - 26, 2002. pps. 34-39. Paper # P-125933-11-Ol.

Jensen, M.H., 2001. Deep Flow Hydroponics - Past, Present and Future. Proceedings of the 30t‘‘ National Agricultural Plastics Congress, San Diego, CA, American Society for Plasticulture, February 23 - 26, 2002. pps. 40-46. Paper # P-125933-12-01.

Giacomelli, G.A., 2001. Greenhouse Structures and Nonmetal Control for the Gardener. Presentation at Prescott AZ Highlands Master Gardeners Conference, Oct 8, 2001. Paper # E-125933-13-01.

Rorabaugh, P.A. and M.H. Jensen, 2001. A Trial to Test Heat Tolerant Tomato Varieties for Use in Desert Climates. Final report of tomato Variety trail 2000-2001. October 10, 2001. Paper #R-125933-15-01.

Giacomelli, G.A., 2002. Considerations for Energy Management of Greenhouse Heating and Cooling. Presentation to the Southern Greenhouse Vegetable Growers Association Conference. July 19 - 20, 2002, Shreveport, LA. Paper # E-125933-16-01.

Giacomelli, G.A., 2001. Manuscript of Spotlight on University of Arizona to Laura Henne, Associate Editor, Greenhouse Grower Magazine Greenhouse Grower 19(10):82-86. Paper #M-125933-17-01.

Giacomelli, G.A., 2002. Introduction to Greenhouse Glazing. Written for Chris Beytes of GrowerTalks Magazine for Ball Redbook. Paper #M-125933-O1-02.

Rorabaugh, P.A., 2002. From Seed To Harvest, Information sheet - Sections 1-18, Science Alive Program. January 4-6.

Rorabaugh, P.A., 2002. From Seed To Harvest, Information sheet - Sections I -I 8, Science Alive Program. January 4-6. Paper #E-125933-02-02

Jensen, M.H., 2002. Hydroponics Worldwide - A Technical overview. Proceedings of the Greenhouse Crop Production and Engineering Design Short Course, The University of Arizona, Controlled Environment Agriculture Center, January 20-23, 2002. Paper #E125933-03-02

Rorabaugh , P.A., 2002. From Seed to Harvest: Cultural Practices of Tomato Production on Rockwool with Drip Irrigation. Proceedings of the Greenhouse Crop Production and Engineering Design Short Course, The University of Arizona, Controlled Environment Agriculture Center, January 20-23, 2002. Paper #E-125933-04-02

Jensen, M.H., 2002. Steering Your Tomatoes. Proceedings of the Greenhouse Crop Production and Engineering Design Short Course, The University of Arizona, Controlled Environment Agriculture Center, January 20-23, 2002. Paper #E-125933-05-02

Giacomelli, G.A., 2002. Automated Environmental Control: Thermostats to Computers. Proceedings of the Greenhouse Crop Production and Engineering Design Short Course, The University of Arizona, Controlled Environment Agriculture Center, January 20-23, 2002. Paper #E-125933-06-02

Both, A.J., D.E. Ciolkosz, L.D. Albright. 2001. Evaluation of light uniformity underneath supplemental lighting systems. Accepted for publication in Acta Horticulturae. Both, A.J., E. Reiss, D.R. Mears, and W.J. Roberts. 2001. Open-roof greenhouse design with heated ebb and flood floor. ASAE paper No. 01-4058. ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659, USA. NJAES Paper No. P-03232-15-01. 13 pp.

Cavazzoni, J., F. Tubiello, T. Volk~ and O. Monje. 2001 (in review). Modeling the effect of diffuse light on canopy photosynthesis in controlled environments. Submitted to Acta florticulturae. Ciolkosz, D.E., A.J. Both, and L.D. Albright. 2001. Selection and placement of greenhouse luminaires for uniformity. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 17(6):106-113.

Fleisher, D.H., S. Kang, K.C. Ting. 2001. Software for multiple crop production in advanced life support systems. ASAE paper No. 01-4084. ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Ml 49085-9659, USA. NJAES Paper No. P-70501-08-01.

Fleisher, D.H., H. Baruh, K.C. Ting. 2001. Model-based predictive control for biomass production in advanced life support. Presented at the IFAC-CIGR Workshop on Intelligent Control for Agricultural Applications, August 22-24, Bali, Indonesia. NJAES Paper No. D-70501-10-1.

Fleisher, D.H. 2001. Modeling for multiple crop production and control in advanced life support systems. Ph.D. Dissertation. Rutgers University Libraries. NJAES Paper No. T 70501-16-01.

Fleisher, D.H., 3. Gavazzoni, G.A. Giacomelli, K.C. Ting. 2041. Adaptation of SUBSTOR for hydroponic production of white potato in controlled environments. Submitted to Transactions of the ASAE. NJAES Paper No. D-70501-19-01.

Fleisher, D.H. and H. Baruh. 2001. An optimal control strategy for crop growth in advanced life support systems. Life Support & Biosphere Science 8:43-53. NJAES Paper No. D-70501-13-01.

Fleisher, D.H. and K.C. Ting. 2001. Modeling and control of plant production in advanced life support systems. Accepted for publication in Acta Horticulturae. NJAES Paper No. D-70501-07-01.

Hsiang H., S. Kang, A.J. Both, and K.C. Ting. 2001. Analysis tool for food processing and nutrition (FPN) subsystem in an advanced life support system (ALSS). ASAE paper No. 01-3020. ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659, USA. NJAES Paper No. P-70501-12-01. 16 pp.

Kang, S., K.C. Ting, and A.J. Both. 2001. Systems studies and modeling of advanced life support systems. Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering 2(2):41-49. NJAES Paper No. P-70501-17-OI.

Kang, S. and A.J. Both. 2001. A management information system for food nutritional analysis and biomass production in an advanced life support system. ASAE paper No. 01-3021. ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 490$5-9659, USA. NJAES Paper No. P-70501-11-01. 10 pp.

Kang, S. and J.A. Hogan. 2001. Optimization of feedstock composition and pre-processing for composting in advanced life support systems. Presented at the 31 S` International Conference on Environmental Systems, July 9-12, Orlando, Florida. SAE Technical Paper No. 2001-O1-2297. NJAES Paper No. H-70501-05-01.

Mears, D.R. and A.J. Both. 2001. Insect screening and positive pressure ventilation for tropical and subtropical greenhouse facilities. Keynote presentation and Proceedings of The International Symposium on Design and Environmental Control of Tropical and Subtropical Greenhouses, Taichung, Taiwan. April 15-18, 2001. Submitted to Acta Horticulturae. NJAES Paper No. P-0313006-01.

Reiss, E., W.J. Roberts, and A.J. Both. 2001. Design and construction of an open roof greenhouse with heated ebb and flood floor irrigation system. Presented at the CSAE/SCGR-NABEC Meeting in Guelph, Ontario, July 8-11, 2001. NABEC Paper No. 01-916. NJAES Paper No. P-03232-14-01. 13 PP-

Roberts, W.J. 2001. Let the sunshine in. Resource magazine. July issue. Pp. 7-8. NJAES Paper No. E03130-04-O1.

Rodriguez, L.F., C. Finn, S. Kang, J. Hogan. 2001. Modeling of a composting system within BIO-Plex. Presented at the 31 S` International Conference on Environmental Systems, July 9-12, Orlando, Florida. SAE Technical Paper No. 2001-01-2323. NJAES Paper No. H-70501-09-01.


Clough, Emily A., Arthur C. Cameron, Royal D. Heins, William H. Carlson. 2001. Growth and development of Oenothera fruticosa is influenced by vernalization duration, photoperiod, forcing temperature, and plant growth regulators. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 126(3):269-274.

Hayashi, Takahiro, Royal D. Heins, Arthur C. Cameron, William H. Carlson. 2001. Ethephon influences flowering, height, and branching of several herbaceous perennials. Scientia Horticulturae 91:305-323.

Niu, Genhua, Royal D. Heins, Arthur Cameron, Will Carlson. 2001. Temperature and daily light integral influence plant quality and flower development of Campanula carpatica ‘Blue Clips‘, ‘Deep Blue Clips‘, and Campanula ‘Birch Hybrid‘. HortScience 36(4):664-668.

Niu, Genhua, Royal D. Heins, Arthur C. Cameron, William H. Carlson. 2001. Day and night temperatures, daily light integral, and C02 enrichment affect growth and flower development of Campanula carpatica ‘Blue Clips‘. Scientia Horticulturae 87(1-2):93-105.

Runkle, Erik S., Royal D. Heins. 2001. Specific functions of red, far red, and blue light in flowering and stem extension of long-day plants. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 126(3):275-282.

Runkle, Erik, Royal Heins, Arthur Cameron, William Carlson. 2001. Horticultural flowering of herbaceous perennials. Flowering Newsletter 31:34-43.

Runkle, E. S., R. D. Heins, A. C. Cameron, W. H. Carlson. 2001. Photocontrol of flowering and stem extension of the intermediate-day plant Echinacea purpurea. Physiologia Plantarum 112:433-441.

Whitman, Catherine M., Royal D. Heins, Roar Moe, Keith A. Funnell. 2001. GA4+7 plus benzyladenine reduce foliar chlorosis of Lilium longiflorum. Scientia Horticulturae 891:43-154.

Fausey, Beth, Arthur Cameron, Royal Heins. 2001. Herbaceous Perennials: Noteworthy Plants. Greenhouse Grower 19(3):92-96.

Fausey, Beth, Erik Runkle, Art Cameron, Royal Heins, Will Carlson. 2001. Herbaceous Perennials: Heuchera. Greenhouse Grower 19(6):50-62.

Joeright, David, Cathy Whitman, Royal Heins, Art Cameron, Will Carlson. 2001. Herbaceous Perennials: Plant Growth Regulators. Greenhouse Grower 19(8):84-96.

Joeright, David, Dan Tschirhart, Royal Heins, Arthur Cameron, Will Carlson. 2001. Herbaceous Perennials: Propagation. Greenhouse Grower 19(4):38-45.

Niu, Genhua, Erik Runkle, Royal Heins, Art Cameron, Will Carlson. 2001. Herbaceous Perennials: Light. Greenhouse Grower 19(1)134-143.

Niu, Genhua, Royal Heins, Will Carlson. 2001. Keeping freedom under control. Greenhouse Grower 19(10):88-96.

Niu, Genhua, Thomas Griffing, Erik Runkle, Royal Heins, Art Cameron, Will Carlson. 2001. Herbaceous perennials: Ceratostigma plumbaginoides. Greenhouse Grower 19(12):96-100.

Niu, Genhua, Erik Runkle, Royal Heins, Art Cameron, Will Carlson. 2001. Herbaceous perennials: Pachysandra terminalis. Greenhouse Grower 19(13):86-90.

Runkle, Erik and Royal Heins. 2001. Timing Spring Crops. Greenhouse Grower 19(4):64-66.

Runkle, Erik, Royal Heins, Art Cameron, Will Carlson. 2001. Herbaceous perennials: Phlox subulata. Greenhouse Grower 19(9):80-85.

Runkle, Erik, Royal Heins, Art Cameron, Will Carlson. 2001. Herbaceous perennials: Scabiosa columbaria. Greenhouse Grower 19(10):70-76.

Whitman, Cathy, Beth Fausey, Erik Runkle, Royal Heins, Art Cameron, Will Carlson. 2001. Herbaceous perennials: Oxalis crassipes‘Rosea‘. Greenhouse Grower 19(14):77-84.

Dutt, M. and R.L. Geneve. 2002. Elevated levels of ethylene during germination reduces the time to radicle emergence in impatiens. Acta Horticulturae, in review.

Gates, R.S., K. Chao and N. Sigrimis. 2001. Identifying design parameters for fuzzy control of staged ventilation control systems. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 31:61-74.

Geneve, R.L., R.S. Gates, S. Zolnier, E. Wilkerson, and S. T. Kester. 2002. Environmental control systems for mist propagation of cuttings. Acta Horticulturae, submitted.

Geneve, R.L, K.W. Pomper, ST. Kester, J.N. Egilla, C.L.H. Finneseth, S. Crabtree, and D.R. Layne. 2002 Propagation of Pawpaw (Asimina triloba) - a Review. HortTechnology, accepted for publication.

Geneve, R. and S. T. Kester. 2001. Evaluation of seedling size following germination using computer-aided analysis of digital images from a flatbed scanner. HortScience 36: I 17-20.

Held, D., D.A. Potter, R.S. Gates and R.G. Anderson. 2000 Modified atmosphere treatments as a potential disinkstation technique for arthropod pests in greenhouses. J. Econ. Entomology 94(2):430-438.

Siriwitayawan, G., A. B. Downie, and R.L. Geneve. 2002. Ethylene evolution is positively correlated with seed vigor in sweet corn and tomato seed lots with differing vigor levels but similar germination capacity. Journal American Society for Horticultural Science, in review.

Books
Hartmann, H.T., D.E. Kester, F. T. Davies, Jr., and R. L. Geneve. 2002. Hartmann and Kester‘s Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Seventh edition.

Book Chapters
Siriwitayawan, G., M. Dutt, S. T. Kester, A. B. Downie, and R.L. Geneve. 2002. Seed ageing in tomato reduces the capacity of seeds to produce ethylene, while priming increases ethylene evolution during germination. In: K.J. Bradford, D. Come, G. Nicolas and H. Pritchard, (eds.) The Biology of Seeds: Recent Research Advances CAB Internationa 1.
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