Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The meeting was called to order 9:00am MST am by Carlos Urrea, Chair W-4150.

• Introductions
• New secretary elected: Juan Osorno
• Approve minutes: 1^st Tim Porch, 2^nd Valerio Hoyos-Villegas
• W-4150 administrator. Dr. David Gang:
  1. Renewed project was well received and received great support from NIFA.
  2. New reporting system: NRS: NIFA reporting system. Multistate reports still use NIMSS.
  3. Reports should focus on accomplishments/impact rather than on specifics of how research was performed.
  4. Heitholt asked if we could wait and include results from 2021. David said no need to rush as this is a long-term project.

• State reports (in reverse alphabetical order):  See the full reports in NIMSS at: https://www.nimss.org/projects/attachment/18720

WY (J. Heitholt):

CDBN trial, making crosses with UC Davis and USDA-Prosser material.

Planting dates research for the Powell area. Important research for insurance adjustments.

Row spacing trials.

N and P studies in collaboration with USDA-Prosser.

Donna Harris is a new assistant professor at the Powell station.

WI: none present

WA (P. Miklas):

Three new pintos were released: Rattler, Diamondback, and Basin. Good agronomics and virus resistance. Diamondback is a slow darkening while the others are regular pintos.

Update on virus work with BCMV/BCMNV and marker development and causative mutations.

PR (C. Estevez and T. Porch):

Consuelo Estevez:

New cultivar: Hermosa (PR1147-1) black bean. 1^st released black in PR.

Pinto breeding lines PR1572-19 and PR1572-26 with BCMV + rust.

Other breeding lines were mentioned as well (refer to annual report).

Breeding snap beans adapted to PR conditions.

Root rot research focused on F. solani.

Tim Porch:

BIC announcement: Virtual meeting Nov 2-3 2021.

Update on drought and heat work done by USDA-TARS.

Releases in Africa related to the FTF project.

TARS-Tep-23 release.

Questions from the audience on root rot work and potential multi-state collaborations and funding sources.

ND (J. Osorno and P. McClean):

Comments on the effects of the drought in the region and the breeding nurseries and trials.

Fusarium wilt incidence at one location with soil compaction issues. ~80% of the trials lost but it was a good opportunity to take notes.

New black bean variety: ND Twilight. High seed yield, early maturity, resistance to rust, and intermediate resistance to CBB.

There is a new pathologist at NDSU: Dr. Malaika Ebert. This is a strategic position since this is the only University position currently devoted to pulse diseases only.

~20 new white mold resistant lines are coming from the MAGIC population and available for testing.

Published papers: RLK/RLP atlas and synteny across legumes, dual purpose breeding, and slow darkening pintos have faster cooking time and higher iron bioavailability than regular pintos.

Phil McClean Update on 5-593 new reference genome and how it compares to other reference genomes.

NY (M. Mazourek):

New “Heirloom/sensory” panel with molecular characterizations. ~120 entries. They have been genotyped with the 12k SNP chip.

New forward consumer traits: color/pattern retention. Keeping the nice seed colors after cooking.

NE (C. Urrea):

Update on CDBN, DBDN, MRPN, WRBT collaborative trials.

Description of collaborative work with Delaware on epigenetics.

Update on Tepary bean introgressions.

Update on Bacterial wilt research.

Shuttle breeding between Nebraska and Puerto Rico work. New releases coming soon.

New UNL releases White Pearl GN, Wildcat slow dark pinto with larger seed size, and Ur-11 rust resistance.

MI (F. Gomez and K. Cichy):

Francisco Gomez:

Update on trials and western seed increases of MSU varieties.

New white kidney and potential pink releases.

High pressure of white mold in the region in the 2021 season.

Update on RR research using published data from the ADP but adding field screenings. Potential collaboration with other states?

Starting research on UAV to measure agronomic traits.

Update on Anthracnose Co-5 gene introgressions.

Karen Cichy:

Training videos and new articles about canning protocols. New facilities.

GxE effects on canning using the CDBN (across ~4 states).

At-home bean sensory kits to educate consumers about benefits of bean consumption.

Update on cooking time research with a focus on yellow beans.

MD (T. Pastor-Corrales):

Updates on all the collaborative rust and anthracnose (ANT) work.

New ANT res gene in Andean gene pool (Bella flor?).

Update on Ur-11 marker.

Rust and CBB resistance coming from Tepary bean in collaboration with Carlos.

Rust resistance within 2020 CDBN showed several lines containing multiple genes.

Discussion about anthracnose incidence in Quebec, Canada, potentially race 105.

ID: None present to report.

Delaware (E. Ernest):

Update on lima beans. Baby lima breeding lines are mostly for the frozen market. Some with root-knot nematode resistance, an upright architecture.

Research on leaf shape effects in canopy humidity in relation to disease development.

Update on snap bean breeding (both for fresh and frozen markets). Variety trials have been made for the last several years.

Additional questions about the canopy humidity work and its relation to white mold and leaf temperature.

CA (P. Gepts):

Update on lima bean and chickpea work. 4 market classes for limas. 50% of the legume crop in CA. Narrow genetic diversity makes progress more difficult. ~50% of the germplasm is photoperiod sensitive. Resistance to Lygus is very important. New reference genome has been published. Mapping efforts are ongoing as well as high throughput phenotyping for insect (Lygus) damage.

Release of new heirloom-like varieties for the organic sector. Expanding to other seed types. Update on heat/drought work. New Mesoamerican MAGIC population focused on drought. Being phenotyped using remote sensing (fixed tower).

Nutritional and organoleptic traits research. Christine Diepenbrock. The New PCHI grant will focus on nutritional profiles before and after cooking.

Update on additional publications.

Discussion about the previous work on UAV and remote sensing and how the group should get more organized around this theme/area given that several group members have been doing some of this work. Discussion about the challenges of breeding for large seed size combined with high seed yield in lima bean.

Unofficial update from Quebec, Canada (V. Hoyos-Villegas) about developing a new pulse breeding program at McGill University. There is work focused on white mold, black bean genomics, agronomic/nutritional studies using the MDP for dry beans. Canning trials with a private company.

Motion to adjourn: 1^st Paul Gepts, 2^nd Jim Heithold.

End: 12:58PM.

The W-4150 project produced several short-term outcomes benefitting stakeholders in the bean industry, among them:

In Michigan, 20% of the black bean acreage is grown by Zenith, which allows for direct harvesting, reducing grower costs. The estimated increase in value is $5 million per year based on a 10% yield advantage and time and equipment savings.

About 8% of great northern bean acreage in western Nebraska and the surrounding area is planted with ‘Panhandle Pride’; more seed of ‘Coyne’ and ‘Panhandle Pride’ will be available in 2021. About 1,200 dry bean producers in western Nebraska and eastern Colorado have access to dry bean varieties with multiple disease resistance and drought/heat tolerance, enabling them to reduce production costs and increase net income.

Based on the 2020 annual dry bean grower’s survey in the Northarvest region (ND+MN), NDSU dry bean varieties represented ~48% , ~50%, and ~15% of the area grown with black, great northern, and pinto beans, respectively. When translated to farm gate value of production (assuming an average price of $45 per hundredweight across market classes), it shows that just with the 2020 harvest, NDSU dry bean varieties contributed to generate approximately $133 million USD to dry bean growers in the region. This represents a net return of ~$887 USD per every dollar invested in the NDSU dry bean breeding program. The additional economic impact is also made to the rest of the food chain (elevators, wholesale buyers/brokers, packers, processors, etc.).

Approximately six years ago, the NDSU dry bean breeding program was one of the first to release a slow darkening (SD) pinto variety, which was considered a game-changer at that time. Today, it is estimated that SD pintos are ~35-40% of the total pinto acreage in North Dakota and it’s expected to increase for 2021. During the 2020 growing season, ND Palomino, the SD variety released by NDSU, was grown in ~35% of the fields grown with SD pintos in the state. In addition, new collaborative research has shown that SD pintos cook faster than regular darkening pintos. They offer higher iron bioavailability than regular darkening pintos despite having similar iron seed content. These new findings offer exciting marketing opportunities for SD pintos, especially in developing countries where cooking time (energy) and human nutrition are important issues.

Oregon State University release (2018) ‘Patron’, a virus-resistant and high yielding Peruano type yellow seeded bean, was commercially grown in Idaho and Wyoming in 2019 and 2020.

• Outputs: Defined products (tangible or intangible) that are delivered by a research project. Examples of outputs are reports, data, information, observations, publications, and patents.

The W-4150 researchers produced a number of longer-term outputs benefitting the bean industry and the breeding community, among them:

Releases:

Michigan: Produced foundation seed and certified seed for four Michigan State University released cultivars: ‘Adams’ (high-yielding, upright, full-season black bean with anthracnose resistance and acceptable canning quality), ‘Charro’ (high-yielding, upright, full-season pinto bean with excellent canning quality), ‘Eiger’ (high-yielding, upright, full-season great northern bean with anthracnose resistance and acceptable canning quality), and ‘Yellowstone’ (determinate, virus resistant yellow bean with highly desirable vibrant dry seed coat color). Additionally, produced foundation and certified seed of two new varieties with excellent canning quality and uniform maturity, ‘Zenith’ (a high-yielding, disease-resistant, upright full-season black bean with superior color retention following canning) and ‘Alpena’ (an upright navy bean with natural dry down at maturity).

Nebraska: ‘Kikatiti,’ a pinto bean cultivar with high yield potential and multiple disease resistance developed by the dry bean breeding program at the University of Nebraska, Agricultural Research Division, was co-released with the Sokoine University of Agriculture in Morogoro, Tanzania in 2020. It will positively impact dry bean production in Tanzania.

North Dakota: North Dakota State University has released seven cultivars for the North Dakota/Minnesota region since 2014. Releases in 2019 include ‘ND Falcon’ (pinto with rust and soybean cist nematode resistance and good agronomic performance), ‘ND Pegasus’ (upright high yielding great northern with excellent seed quality and good white mold tolerance), and ‘ND Whitetail’ (high yielding white kidney with a high bacterial disease and white mold resistance). Efforts are underway to develop a replacement for ‘Eclipse’ (released in 2005), the region's most important black bean cultivar. In 2020, ND Twilight black bean was released with rust resistance, high seed yield, and early maturity.

Puerto Rico: ‘Bella’ (white bean) and ‘Hermosa’ (black bean), cultivars with resistance to major Caribbean bean diseases and superior performance in low N soils were released. TARS-LH1, a broadly adapted pinto bean germplasm with resistance to leafhoppers and E. krameri and E. fabae, was released collaborating with Michigan. Two lines produced through the shuttle breeding process, SB-DT2 (pinto) and SB-DT3 (small red), will be released as sources of drought tolerance and multiple disease resistance.

Washington: ‘USDA-Basin’ pinto bean and ‘USDA Diamondback’ slow darkening pinto bean. ‘USDA Rattler’ (PT11-13-31), a new pinto cultivar with drought and low fertility tolerance, and the I and bc-3 genes for BCMV resistance and Ur-3 and Ur-11 genes for rust resistance were released. Two RILs from the Rojo/CAL 143 population with HBB4.1, HBB5.1, and Pse-2 for resistance to halo blight, QTL for rust resistance, protected I gene, and moderate resistance to Angular leaf spot (ALS, Pseudocercospora griseola) are pending release.

California: five heirloom-like common bean cultivars have now been published in the Journal of Plant Registrations. There has been interest in California and other states to test these varieties, and a seed distribution/sale mechanism has been put in place via a California grower.

Publications

W-4150 collaborators authored or co-authored 79 referred (journal articles and a book chapter) and 31 non-referred publications (see Publications section for list). The latter included Bean Improvement Cooperative publications, extension publications, bean industry publications, meeting abstracts, and newspaper articles. Additional means of dissemination/outreach to stakeholders (growers/industry) and the bean breeding community include presentations and discussions at scientific and industry meetings, field days, and use of websites.

• Activities: Organized and specific functions or duties carried out by individuals or teams using scientific methods to reveal new knowledge and develop new understanding.

ARIZONA

University of Arizona

Research focused on Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and Bean common mosaic necrotic virus (BCMNV). Preliminary research on BCMV was found to be seed-borne at high frequencies (60-100%) in tepary seed lots of black, tan, and white seeds, all with concomitantly high germination rates. In 2020-2021 the red, tan, and white tepary bean lines were increased in field plots located at the UA-Maricopa Agriculture Center. Seed was harvested and stored in the seed vault cold room on the main campus, Plant Sciences. Seeds of each color were planted, scored for germination, symptom development, and BCMV infection was analyzed by RT-PCR amplification of a fragment of the coat protein gene and confirmatory sequencing. Seed germination ranged from 95-100%, with virus infection ranging from 58-100%. Based on RT-PCR detection, asymptomatic and symptomatic plants were observed with infection rates of 58- and 100%. Common bean plants were inoculated with BCMV isolates from red, tan, and white tepary seeds and observed for symptom development.

CALIFORNIA

University of California, Davis

UC Davis researchers conducted field plantings of Phaseolus beans consisting mainly of lima bean and common bean. For lima bean, advanced lines with emphasis on Large Limas were evaluated in a replicated trial and a diversity panel of lima bean germplasm lines. An additional experiment was conducted to test a novel sensor technology that can detect Lygus flights continuously during the growing season. For common bean, the Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery (CDBN) was planted in Davis as well. Small plantings were conducted to identify the green cotyledon trait in lima bean. In parallel to the breeding program, a large-scale experiment is being conducted with physiologists of the Plant Sciences department at UC Davis, to study the reaction of common bean (and certain tepary bean genotypes) to terminal drought. The plant material has been genotyped at low density for SNPs and are being characterized for photosynthesis parameters.

DELAWARE

University of Delaware

Researchers conducted snap bean trials at the University of Delaware’s research farm located in Georgetown. Twenty-eight round podded varieties were evaluated in trials planted Jun 2 and Jun 16. Both trials were exposed to heat stress. Bridger (HM Clause), PV 857 (Crites Seed), and Jaguar (Crites Seed) produced the highest marketable yield under heat stress. Eighty-seven baby lima inbreds from the University of Delaware lima breeding program were evaluated in replicated yield trials. Heat tolerant breeding lines continue to produce significantly higher yields than standard varieties but do not have the required green seed color. Thirty-nine large-seeded bush “Fordhook” type inbreds from the breeding program were also evaluated. Several breeding lines produced significantly higher yields and matured earlier than the standard variety. Additional experiments were conducted to assess the value of the willow leaf trait for disease and stress avoidance, as described in the impact statement below.

IDAHO

University of Idaho

Research focused on the identification of three potyviruses in samples of a free-living rattlepod Crotalaria micans collected in Hawaii, three distinct isolates of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), and clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV). Nearly complete genome was assembled for the ClYVV (9,520-nt) and deposited in GenBank under the accession number MT631721; it displayed 95% identity to the Korean ClYVV isolate (KF975894) from soybean. BCMV and ClYVV were biologically separated from this mixed infection in Nicotiana benthamiana through a single-lesion selection on Chenopodium quinoa with subsequent back inoculations to N. benthamiana.

IOWA

Iowa State University

ISU researchers developed and pilot tested a pulse cooking class and nutrition education workshop with college students.  Information on consumer acceptability and barriers to pulse usage in meals was identified. Students and Training:  One undergraduate and one PhD student at Iowa State University.

MARYLAND

USDA-ARS

Researchers fine mapped an anthracnose resistance gene present in Andean common bean landrace Beija Flor BF). Mapping was performed on a second rust resistance on the Andean common bean PI 260418. A total of 24 common bean cultivars from the National Cooperative Dry Bean Nurseries (CDBN) 2020 were evaluated in greenhouse for their reaction t0 races 47, 49, 53 and 67 of the bean rust pathogens (Uromyces appendiculatus). Each entry was also genotyped with molecular markers linked to the major rust resistance genes (molecular marker in parenthesis): Ur-3 (SS68), Ur-4 (SS240), Ur-5 (SS183, and Ur-11 (NDSU_IND_11_48.4598). Evaluation of the Phaseolus acutifolius (Tepary) F₂ population from TEP 22 x G40173A cross with races of the bean rust pathogen. This study was a collaboration between the bean project at ARS-Beltsville and Dr. Carlos Urrea, University of Nebraska. Rust resistance gene(s) in promising bean lines 2104-1-1 and 2104-1-2 from Puerto Rico were identified.

MICHIGAN

Michigan State University and USDA-ARS

In 2021, dry bean research was conducted by Michigan State University and the USDA-ARS at East Lansing, MI. The MSU dry bean breeding and genetics program conducted 17 yield trials in 2021 in ten market classes and participated in the growing and evaluation of the CDBN, MRPN, DBDN and Sclerotinia Initiative (SIN) nurseries in Michigan and winter nurseries in Puerto Rico. Other research by MSU looked at nitrogen fixation in dry beans, anthracnose screening and introgression, and development of affordable phenotyping platforms using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAS) to estimate important agronomic traits. The USDA-ARS Dry Bean Genetics Program performed breeding trials within the cranberry, kidney, yellow, and black-market classes, and organic beans. Other research explored the development of molecular markers for cooking time and evaluation of beans for use as an ingredient.

NEBRASKA

University of Nebraska

In 2020, the UNL dry bean breeding program conducted variety trials and participated in the CDBN, MRPN, DBDN, White Mold Monitor Nursery (WMMN), yellow bean panel screening (Dr. Cichy), and ongoing shuttle breeding program with Puerto Rico. The program released two shuttle breeding lines as sources of drought tolerance and multiple disease resistance, SB-DT2 (pinto) and SB-DT3 (small red). Other studies continued for mapping the bacterial wilt resistance in (G18829/Raven). Breeder to the foundation seed of the upright northern cultivar White Pearl (NE1-17-10) and one slow darkening pinto cultivar Wildcat (NE2-17-18) was performed at the Kimberly Experimental Station Idaho. Another great northern, NE1-17-36, and two slow darkening pintos, NE2-17-37 and NE4-17-6 are being increased as a breeder to breeder seed at the Kimberly Experimental Station. Other research includes characterizing and evaluating the pathogenicity and virulence of bacterial wilt, evaluating new chemical fungicidal products, and applying methods for rust, white mold, and root rot.

NEW YORK

Cornell

Research focused on developing a panel of beans that represent key genetics and phenotypic contrasts useful for initiating a bean breeding program focused on sustainability. The available accessions were grown in organic conditions as a pilot study before growing the full panel of bean accessions to troubleshoot the experimental design and observe trends in disease resistance, maturity, etc, that warrant careful phenotypic data collection.

NORTH DAKOTA

North Dakota State University

The 2021 growing season in the region was very unusual given the extreme drought conditions that affected most crops grown. Very mild showers replaced the usually-heavy rainfalls during late May and June in most cases. July, August, and September were drier than normal and few showers now at the end of the season. Despite this, seed yields at most testing locations have been higher than expected. One entire breeding nursery (and ~15% of another one) were lost due to Dicamba drift. Another location was lost due to compaction plus Fusarium wilt, which is well-known to occur under these conditions. ND Twilight is a newly released black bean with high seed yield, earliness, intermediate resistance to common bacterial blight, and complete resistance to bean rust. Preliminary data suggests that the resistance may be different from the already known genes. Regarding the W4150 collaborative trials and nurseries, ~1800 early generation breeding lines were grown in Puerto Rico as part of our collaborative winter nurseries. In North Dakota, some of the CDBN entries were lost due to Dicamba drift/damage. Contrastingly, the MRPN was a very good trial and preliminary results show good seed yields in spite of being a dry/hot year. A manuscript using historical CDBN data was selected as 1 of 3 “editor’s choice” for the Genetics journal. Overall, this study demonstrates that statistical genomics approaches can be used on Multi-Environment Trial (MET) phenotypic data to discover significant genetic effects and to define genomic regions associated with crop improvement. A new pulse pathologist has been hired at NDSU. This is very strategic position since there is no other public university with a pathologist devoted to pulses only. There are new InDel and KASP markers (under validation) for the rust genes Ur-5 and Ur-11. As part of our collaborative work on white mold using a MAGIC population, ~30 resistant lines have been identified along with some known and new genomic regions associated with resistance. Collaborative research has shown that slow darkening pintos offer higher iron bioavailability and faster cooking time than regular darkening pintos. Newly published research has shown that breeding populations can be used with a dual purpose of genetic improvement and mapping. A new atlas of RLK and RLP proteins across 5 legume species is not available. A new reference genome is available in phytozome: black bean line 5-593. Dr. Mark Bassett, University of Florida, developed a large set of backcross introgression lines using the black seeded, purple flower breeding line 5-593 (PI 608674) as the recurrent parent and donor lines with alleles that affect flower and seed coat and color and pattern. 5-593 is dominant allele for all but one of the genes controlling seed coat color and pattern.  The 5-593 genotype for these genes is: T P [C r] J G B V Rk Gy sal. This genotype is currently being used to continue the understanding of the gene interactions among gene controlling seed coat color

OREGON

Oregon State University

The OSU snap bean breeding program continues to identify and introgress white mold resistance into elite cultivars. A MAGIC population, with final 8-way crosses made in 2021. The program also conducted a second year of a trial to obtain agronomic data for four nested association mapping (NAM) populations for which WMG904-20-1 is the common parent. The OSU vegetable breeding program continues to work on dry beans. In 2021, we evaluated 46 black and red kidney lines originally developed from interspecific crosses to incorporate bruchid resistance from P. acutifolius. These were grown in replicated irrigated and unirrigated plots where photosynthetic and leaf temperature parameters along with yield and agronomic traits were evaluated.

PUERTO RICO

University of Puerto Rico and USDA ARS

Research on snap bean and dry bean was conducted. The UPR snap bean breeding lines PR2015-9-1A, PR2015-9-1B, PR2015-49-2, PR2015-67-1, PR2015-68-1, PR2015-75-1 and the commercial snap bean cultivars 'Contender' and 'Jade' produced immune reactions when inoculated with the NL3 strain of BCMNV and screened with KASPar markers for disease resistance genes. Seventy-five, bean cultivars and elite breeding lines were screened for web blight resistance. In the field trial planted at the Isabela Substation in February 2021, PR1627-8 was the only line to express resistance to rust. Seed from two individual plant selections from PR1627-8 was sent to Dr. Talo Pastor-Corrales, USDA-ARS Research Plant Pathologist at Beltsville, MD, for screening with specific races of the rust pathogen. A manuscript has been prepared for the J. of Agric. of the UPR describing the release ‘Rosalinda’ is a multiple disease resistant pink bean cultivar adapted to the humid tropics. Bruchid research focused on the black bean line PR1933-5 and the dark red line PR1933-7, which continue to be the best Mesoamerican sources of bruchid resistance in the UPR bean breeding program. NE and ARS-PR have prepared the release of a small red and pinto germplasm with drought tolerance that has been developed through the shuttle breeding program between PR and NE. TARS-Tep 23 (Phaseolus acutifolius) with broad drought and heat adaptation and resistance to CBB and rust was accepted for release in collaboration with CA, Honduras, MD, and NE.

SOUTH CAROLINA

Clemson University

In 2021, Clemson University evaluated snap bean genotypes in a field trial in Charleston, SC at the Clemson University Coastal Research and Education Center. The trial had two planting dates, April 19 and May 18 2021, to assess pod production under ideal and heat-stressed field conditions, respectively. A total of 323 accessions were planted, including 266 accessions from the SnAP diversity panel and 57 commercial cultivars.

WASHINGTON

USDA-WA released USDA-Basin pinto bean and USDA Diamondback slow darkening pinto bean. Research also revealed new host-pathogen interactions for resistance to BCMV/BCMNV. Researchers also determined there is only one recessive resistance allele for the bc-1 locus, which exhibits a differential interaction with pathogroups based on presence vs absence of bc-u.  Similarly, only one recessive resistance allele for bc-2 exhibits a differential interaction based on whether bc-u or bc-4 (newly discovered ‘helper’ gene) is present.  bc-u, bc-2, and bc-4 were mapped to chromosomes Pv05, Pv11, and Pv05, respectively. Researchers also developed markers for the putative causative mutations for bc-u, bc-2, and bc-4 to track the resistance genes for marker-assisted selection.

WYOMING

University of Wyoming, Powell REC, and Department of Plant Sciences

In 2021, breeding continued, and crosses were made among the LPID lines, the USDA-ARS, Prosser (P. Miklas) material, and the UC-Davis material hoping to find a favorable combination of earliness, good upright stature, and disease resistance. Additionally, we have been making crosses among the late-maturing popbean lines and the early-maturing UC-Davis material, hoping to have an earlier maturing popbean type.  Thanks to Phil Miklas, we are using PCR protocols for confirming the presence or absence of three BCMV genes in our experimental progeny. In 2021 research and screens were also conducted. Mid-generation progeny was advanced to evaluate the agronomic potential of several bulked lines from crosses made back in 2016 to 2018. In a separate project, single-plant selections made in 2020 were sown as plant-to-row plots and are being evaluated in 2021.  In 2021, two fertility studies, one with N and K as factors and ten genotypes and a second study with micronutrient fertilizer treatments and nine cultivars are being conducted.  The seeding rate-row spacing-deficit irrigation study is being conducted again in 2021 with four cultivars varying in maturity and upright stature sown at 40K and 80K seed per acre.  The 2021 novelty-heirloom trial hosts 23 entries and includes additional nuña-popbean types in collaboration with nutritionists at Univ. Wyoming, a breeder at Oregon State Univ. (Jim Myers), and several scientists at Washington State Univ.  The 2021 planting-date study includes four sowing dates and ten genotypes.  Mike Moore is conducting the CDBN at Powell which was sown in late May 2021. 

• Milestones: Key intermediate targets necessary for achieving and/or delivering the outputs of a project, within an agreed timeframe. Milestones are useful for managing complex projects. For example, a milestone for a biotechnology project might be "To reduce our genetic transformation procedures to practice by December 2004."

Michigan: Researchers found that evaluating performance trials under low nitrogen environments can identify genotypes with higher nitrogen use efficiency and higher yield. These genotypes can potentially help reduce nitrogen requirements commonly used in both conventional and organic production. Researchers found that faster cooking bean genotypes require less retort processing time than genotypes with longer cooking times. Considering cooking time as a component of canning quality is recommended so breeders can develop varieties that are convenient and cost-efficient for preparation for both consumers and the canning industry

Nebraska: After nearly a decade of field research testing new chemicals to control bacterial diseases, a manuscript on copper alternatives was published in 2019. It was the first published work showing the efficacy of these products on dry beans and serves as a baseline on this topic. Efforts are now expanding to evaluate these products for managing fungal diseases. In addition, a 2020 article on bacterial wilt recognized the University of Nebraska Panhandle Research and Extension Center plant pathology and dry bean breeding programs as authorities on this disease.

North Dakota: new collaborative research has shown that SD pintos cook faster than regular darkening pintos. They offer higher iron bioavailability than regular darkening pintos despite having similar iron seed content. These new findings provide interesting marketing opportunities for SD pintos, especially in developing countries where cooking time (energy) and human nutrition are important issues.

Puerto Rico: Plant pathology research on root and stem rot, CBB, and ALS pathogens contributed to identifying bean genotypes with resistance to important diseases that limit bean production in the tropics.

Wyoming: Research evaluating cultivar interactions with planting configuration suggests that upright varieties may be better suited to narrow-row culture (15-inch or less). Therefore, current breeding efforts focus on developing lines with morphology that is better suited for narrow-row culture.

Refereed Publications

Bassett, A., Hooper, S.D., and Cichy, K.A. (2020) Genetic variability of cooking time in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) related to seed coat thickness and the cotyledon cell wall. Food Research International. 10:109886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109886

Bassett, A., Katuuramu, D., Song, Q., and Cichy, K. (2021) QTL mapping of seed quality traits including cooking time, flavor, and texture in a yellow dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) population. Frontiers in Plant Science DOI=10.3389/fpls.2021.670284 

Bassett, A, Kamfwa, K, Ambachew, D, and Cichy, K. (2021) Genetic variability and genome-wide association analysis of flavor and texture in cooked beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics.: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-020-03745-3.

Beaver J.S., A. González, G. Godoy-Lutz, J.C. Rosas, O.P. Hurtado-González, M.A. Pastor-Corrales and T.G. Porch. 2020. Registration of PR1572-19 and PR1572-26 pinto bean germplasm lines with broad resistance to rust, BGYMV, BCMV, and BCMNV. J. Plant Regist. 4:424–430.

Beaver, J.S., A. Gonzalez, G. Godoy De Luz, J.C. Rosas, O.P. Hurtado-Gonzales, M.A. Pastor Corrales, and T.G. Porch. 2020. Registration of PR1572-19 and PR1572-26 pinto bean germplasm lines with broad resistance to rust, BGYMV, BCMV, and BCMNV. J. of Crop Reg. 14:424-430. https://doi.org/10.1002/plr2.20027.

Beaver, J.S., González, A. Godoy-Lutz, G., Rosas, J.C., Hurtado-Gonzales, O.P., Pastor-Corrales, M.A., Porch, T.G. 2020. Registration of PR1572-19 and PR1572-26 pinto bean germplasm lines with broad resistance to rust, BGYMV, BCMV, and BCMNV. J Plant Reg.:  424-430.

Beiermann, C., C. Creech, S. Knezevic, A. Jhala, R. Harveson, and N.C. Lawrence. 2021. Influence of planting date and herbicide program on Amaranthus paleri control in drybean. Weed Technol. (Accepted).

Beiermann, C., C. Creech, S. Knezevic, A. Jhala, R. Harveson, and N.C. Lawrence. 2021. Critical Timing of Weed Removal in Dry Bean as Influenced by the Use of PRE Herbicides. Weed Technol. (Accepted).

Carvalho Costa, L., Storto Nalin, R.; Andrade Dias, M., Elias Ferreira, M., Song^, Q., Pastor-Corrales, M.A., Hurtado Gonzales, O.P., Elaine Aparecida de Souza, E.A. 2021. Different loci control resistance to different isolates of the same race of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in common bean. Theor. Appl. Genet. 134: 543-556.

Cirak, Melike and James R. Myers 2021. The cosmetic stay-green trait in snap bean and the event cascade that reduces seed germination and emergence. Journal of the American Society of Horticultural Science. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS05038-20.

Dahan, J., Orellana, G.E., Feng, X., Kong, A.T., Hamasaki, R.T., Melzer, M.J., and Karasev, A.V. 2020. First report of clover yellow vein virus in Crotalaria micans in Hawaii. Plant Disease 104: 3276 (https://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-20-1195-PDN).

Davitt, E.D., Winham, D.M., Heer, M.M., Shelley, M.C. and Knoblauch, S.T., 2021. Predictors of Plant-Based Alternatives to Meat Consumption in Midwest University Students. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 53(7), pp.564-572.

Delfini J, Moda-Cirino V, Dos Santos Neto J, Ruas PM, Sant’Ana GC, Gepts P, Gonçalves LSA (2021) Population structure, genetic diversity and genomic selection signatures among a Brazilian common bean germplasm. Scientific Reports 11:2694  doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-82437-4

Delfini J, Moda-Cirino V, Dos Santos Neto J, Zeffa DM, Nogueira AF, Ribeiro LAB, Ruas PM, Gepts P, Gonçalves LSA (2021) Genome-wide association study for grain mineral content in a Brazilian common bean diversity panel. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 134: 2795-2811 doi: 10.1007/s00122-021-03859

Delfini J, Moda-Cirino V, Neto JDS, Zeffa DM, Nogueira AF, Ribeiro LA, Ruas PM, Gepts P, Gonçalves LS (2021) Genome-wide association study identifies genomic regions for important morpho-agronomic traits in Mesoamerican common bean. Front Plant Sci 12:  748829 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.748829

Elias JCF, Gonçalves-Vidigal MC, Ariani A, Valentini G, Martiniano-Souza MDC, Vaz Bisneta M, Gepts P (2021) Genome-environment association analysis for bio-climatic variables in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from Brazil. Plants 10:1572  doi: 10.3390/plants10081572

Fernandes, S., G. Godoy-Lutz, J.R. Steadman, K. Eskridge, C. Urrea, C. Jochua and J.R. Herr. 2021. Root and crown rot pathogens found on dry beans grown in Mozambique. J. of Tropical Plant Pathol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-021-00422-8

Garcia T, Duitama J, Smolenski Zullo S, Gil J, Ariani A, Dohle S, Palkovic A, Skeen P, Bermudez-Santana C, Debouck DG, Martinez-Castillo J, Gepts P, Chacón-Sánchez MI (2021) Comprehensive genomic resources related to domestication and crop improvement traits in Lima bean. Nature Communications 12:702  doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-20921-1

Garcia, C., A. Campa, A. Soler Garzon, P. N. Miklas, and J. J. Ferreira. 2021. GWAS of pod morphological and color characters in common bean. BMC Plant Biol. 21:184 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-02967-x

Geravandi M, Cheghamirza K, Farshadfar E, Gepts P (2020) QTL analysis of seed size and yield-related traits in an inter-genepool population of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Scientia Horticulturae 274, 109678  doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109678

Gilio, T.A.S., Hurtado-Gonzales, O.P., Gonçalves-Vidigal, M.C., Valentini, G., Elias, J.C.F., Song, Q., and Pastor-Corrales, M.A. 2020. Fine mapping of an anthracnose-resistance locus in Andean common bean cultivar Amendoim Cavalo. PLOS ONE 15 (10): e0239763.

Haus, MJ, Pierz, LD, Jacobs, JL, Wiersma, AT, Awale, HE, Chilvers, MI, Buell, CR, Cichy, K (2021) Preliminary evaluation of wild bean (Phaseolus spp.) germplasm for resistance to Fusarium cuneirostrum and Fusarium oxysporum. Crop Science. 2021; 61: 3264– 3274. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20495

Hooper, S.D., Bassett, A.N., Sadohara, R., and Cichy, K.A. (2021) Elucidation of the low resistant starch phenotype in Phaseolus vulgaris exhibited in the yellow bean Cebo Cela. Journal of Food Science

Huster, A.R., L.T. Wallace and J.R. Myers. 2021. Associated SNPs, heritabilities, trait correlations, and genomic breeding values for resistance in snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to root rot caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) f. sp. phaseoli (Burkholder). Frontiers in Plant Science. 12:697615. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.697615

Kamfwa K, Gepts P, Hamabwe S, Nalupya ZK, Mukuma C, Lungu D Characterization of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum races in Zambia and evaluation of the CIAT Phaseolus core collection for resistance to anthracnose. Plant Disease: published online doi: 10.1094/pdis-02-21-0363-re

Katuuramu, D.N., Wiesinger, J.A., Luyima, G.B., Nkalubo, S., Glahn, R.P., and Cichy, K.A. (2021) Investigation of genotype by environment interactions for seed zinc and iron concentration and iron bioavailability in common bean. Frontiers in Plant Science 12: 670965 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.670965

Kelly, J.D., Awale, H.E., Wiersma, A.T., Cichy, K.A., and Wright, E.M. (2021) Registration of ‘Yellowstone’ Yellow Bean. Journal of Plant Registrations https://doi.org/10.1002/plr2.20075

Kelly, J. D., Awale, H. E., Wiersma, A. T., & Wright, E. M. (2021a). Registration of ‘Adams’ black bean. Journal of Plant Registrations, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/plr2.20063

Kelly, J. D., Awale, H. E., Wiersma, A. T., & Wright, E. M. (2021b). Registration of ‘Charro’ pinto bean. Journal of Plant Registrations, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/plr2.20071

Kelly, J. D., Awale, H. E., Wiersma, A. T., & Wright, E. M. (2021c). Registration of ‘Eiger’ great northern bean. Journal of Plant Registrations, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/plr2.20090

Lo S, Parker T, Muñoz-Amatriaín M, Berny Mier y Teran JC, Jernstedt J, Close TJ, Gepts P (2021). Genetic, anatomical, and environmental patterns related to pod shattering resistance in domesticated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp). Journal of Experimental Botany

MacQueen, A.H., White, J.W., Lee, R., Osorno, J.M., Schmutz, J., Miklas, P.N., Myers, J., McClean, P.E. and Juenger, T.E., 2020. Genetic Associations in Four Decades of Multi-Environment Trials Reveal Agronomic Trait Evolution in Common Bean. Genetics 215:267-284. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.120.303038

MafiMoghaddam, S., A. Oladzad, C. Koh, L. Ramsay, J. Hart, S. Mamidi, G. Hoopes, A. Sreedasyam, A. Wiersma, D. Zhao, J. Grimwood, J.P. Hamilton, J. Jenkins, B. Vaillancourt, J.C. Wood, D. Rokhsar, J. Schmutz, S. Kagale, T. Porch, K.E. Bett, C.R. Buell, and P.E. McClean. 2021. Genome sequences of wild and landrace tepary bean provide insight into evolution and domestication under heat stress. Nat. Commun. 12:2638. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22858-x

Maldonado-Mota, C.R., Moghaddam S.M., Schröder S., Hurtado-Gonzales O.P., McClean P.E., Pasche J., Lamppa R., Pastor-Corrales M.A., Tobar-Piñón M.G., Osorno J.M. 2020. Genomic regions associated with resistance to Anthracnose in the Guatemalan climbing bean germplasm collection. Genetic Res. and Crop Evol. 68, 1073–1083. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-020-01050-y

Maldonado-Mota, C.R., Moghaddam, S.M., Schröder, S., Hurtado-Gonzales, O.P., McClean, P.E., Pasche, J., Lamppa R., Pastor-Corrales M.A., Tobar-Piñón, M.G., Osorno, J.M. 2021. Genomic regions associated with resistance to anthracnose in the Guatemalan climbing bean germplasm collection. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 68:1073–1083.

Martín-Rodríguez JÁ, Ariani A, Leija A, Elizondo A, Fuentes SI, Ramirez M, Gepts P, Hernández G, Formey D (2020) Phaseolus vulgaris MIR1511 genotypic variations differentially regulate plant tolerance to aluminum toxicity. The Plant Journal 105:1521-1533  doi: 10.1111/tpj.15129

Miklas, P.N., Osorno, J.M., Cichy, K. 2020. Agronomic performance and cooking quality characteristics for slow darkening pinto beans. Crop Sci. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20220

Oladzad A., A. González, R. Macchiavelli, C.E. Estévez de Jensen, J.S. Beaver, T.G. Porch and P. McClean. 2020. Genetic factors associated with nodulation and nitrogen derived from atmosphere in a Middle American common bean panel. Front. Plant Sci. 11:576078. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.576078.

Oladzad, A., A. González, R. Macchiavelli, C. Estevez de Jensen, J. Beaver, T. Porch, P. McClean. 2020. Genetic factors associated with nodulation and nitrogen derived from atmosphere in a Middle American common bean panel under low soil fertility. Front. Plant Sci. 10.3389/fpls.2020.576078

Osorno, J.M., Vander Wal, A.J., Posch, J., Simons, K., Grafton K.F., Pasche, J.S., D. Nelson, B.D., Jain, S., and Pastor-Corrales, M.A. 2020. ‘ND Falcon’ a new pinto bean with combined resistance to rust and soybean cyst nematode: J. Plant Reg. 14:117-125.

Osorno, J.M., Vander Wal, A.J., Posch, J., Simons, K., Grafton K.F., Pasche, Valentini, G., and Pastor-Corrales, M.A. 2021. A New Black Bean with Resistance to Bean Rust: Registration of ‘ND Twilight’. J. Plant Reg., 15: 28-36.

Osorno, J.M., Vander Wal, A.J., Posch, J., Simons, K., Grafton, K.F., Pasche, J.S., Valentini, G. and Pastor‐Corrales, M., 2021. A new black bean with resistance to bean rust: Registration of ND Twilight’. J. Plant Registrations, 15(1), pp.28-36. https://doi.org/10.1002/plr2.20094

Osorno, J.M., Vander Wal, A.J., Posch, J., Simons, K., Grafton, K.F., Pasche, J.S. 2020. A New White Kidney Bean with High Seed Yield and Intermediate Resistance to White Mold and Bacterial Blights: Registration of ‘ND Whitetail’. J. Plant Reg. 14:102-109.

Osorno, J.M., Vander Wal, A.J., Posch, J., Simons, K., Grafton, K.F., Pasche, J.S. 2020. A New Great Northern Bean with Upright Plant Architecture and High Seed Yield: Registration of ‘ND Pegasus’. J. Plant Reg. 14:110-116.

Osorno, J.M., Vander Wal, A.J., Posch, J., Simons, K., Grafton, K.F., Pasche, J.S. Nelson, B.D., Jain, S., Pastor-Corrales, M.A. 2020. A New Pinto Bean with Combined Resistance to Rust and Soybean Cyst Nematode: Registration of ‘ND Falcon’. J. Plant Reg. 14:117-125.

Parker T, Palkovic A, Brummer EC, Gepts P (2020) Registration of ‘UC Tiger’s Eye’ heirloom-like dry bean. J Plant Registrations 15: 16-20 doi: 10.1002/plr2.20084

Parker T, Palkovic A, Brummer EC, Gepts P (2020) Registration of ‘UC Rio Zape’ heirloom‐like dry bean. Journal of Plant Registrations 15: 37-42 doi: 10.1002/plr2.20095

Parker T, Palkovic A, Brummer EC, Gepts P (2020) Registration of ‘UC Southwest Gold’ heirloom‐like gold and white mottled bean. Journal of Plant Registrations 15: 48-52, published online  doi: 10.1002/plr2.20117

Parker T, Palkovic A, Brummer EC, Gepts P (2021) Registration of 'UC Sunrise' heirloom-like orange and white mottled bean. Journal of Plant Registrations 15: 43-47 doi: 10.1002/plr2.20096

Parker T, Palkovic A, Brummer EC, Gepts P (2021) Registration of 'UC Southwest Red' heirloom-like red and white mottled bean. Journal of Plant Registrations 15: 21-27 doi: 10.1002/plr2.20092

Parker TA, De Sousa LL, De Oliveira Floriani T, Palkovic A, Gepts P (2020) Toward the introgression of PvPdh1 for increased resistance to pod shattering in common bean. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 134:313-325  doi: 10.1007/s00122-020-03698-7

Parker TA, Gepts P (2021) Population genomics of Phaseolus spp.: A domestication hotspot. In: Rajora OP (ed) Population Genomics. Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, pp 1-83 doi: 10.1007/13836_2021_89

Parker TA, Lo S, Gepts P (2021) Pod shattering in grain legumes: Emerging genetic and environment-related patterns. The Plant Cell 33:179-199  doi: 10.1093/plcell/koaa025

Porch T.P., Barrera, S., Berny Mier y Teran, J.C., Díaz-Ramírez, J., Pastor-Corrales, M.A., Gepts, P., Urrea, C.A., Rosas, J.C. 2021. Release of tepary bean TARS-Tep 23 germplasm with broad abiotic stress tolerance and rust and common bacterial blight resistance.

Porch, T.G., S. Barrera, J.C. Berny Mier y Teran, J. Díaz-Ramírez, M.A. Pastor-Corrales, P. Gepts, C.A. Urrea, and J.C. Rosas. 2021. Release of tepary bean TARS-Tep 23 germplasm with broad abiotic stress tolerance and rust and common bacterial blight resistance. J of Plant Reg. (Accepted).

Restrepo-Montoya, D., Brueggeman, R., McClean, P.E. and Osorno, J.M., 2020. Computational identification of receptor-like kinases “RLK” and receptor-like proteins “RLP” in legumes. BMC Genomics, 21:1-17.

Restrepo-Montoya, D., McClean, P.E. and Osorno, J.M., 2021. Orthology and synteny analysis of Receptor-Like Kinases “RLK” and Receptor-Like Proteins “RLP” in legumes. BMC Genomics. 22:113. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07384-w

Richard, M. M. S., A. Gratias, J.C. Alvarez Diaz, V. Thareau, S. Pflieger, C. Meziad, S. Blanchet, W. Marande, E. Bitocchi, R. Papa, P. N. Miklas, and V. Geffroy. 2021. A common bean truncated CRINKLY4 kinase controls gene-for-gene resistance to the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. J. Exp. Botany 72:3569-3581.

Sanyal, D., Osorno J.M., Chatterjee, A. 2020. Influence of Rhizobium inoculation on dry bean yield and symbiotic nitrogen fixation potential. J. Plant Nutrit. DOI: 10.1080/01904167.2020.1711946

Simons KJ, Oladzad A, Lamppa R, Maniruzzaman, McClean PE, Osorno JM, and Pasche JS 2021. Using Breeding Populations With a Dual Purpose: Cultivar Development and Gene Mapping—A Case Study Using Resistance to Common Bacterial Blight in Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Front. Plant Sci. 12:621097. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.621097

Soler-Garzón A., Oladzad A., Beaver J., Beebe S., Lee R., Lobaton J.D., Macea E., McClean P., Raatz B., Rosas J.C., Song Q. and Miklas P.N. 2021. NAC candidate gene marker for bgm-1 and interaction with QTL for resistance to Bean Golden Yellow Mosaic Virus in common bean. Front. Plant Sci. 12:628443.

Soler-Garzón, A., P. E. McClean, and P. N. Miklas. 2021. Genome-wide association mapping of bc-1 and bc-u reveals candidate genes and new adjustments to the host-pathogen interaction for resistance to Bean common mosaic necrosis virus in common bean. Front. Plant Sci. 12:699569. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.699569

Soltani, A., K.A. Walter, A.T. Wiersma, J.P. Santiago, M. Quiqley, D. Chitwood, T.G. Porch, P. Miklas, P.E. McClean, J.M. Osorno and D.B. Lowry. 2021. The genetics and physiology of seed dormancy, a crucial trait in common bean domestication. BMC Plant Biol. 21:58.

Shi A, Gepts P, Song Q, Xiong H, Michaels TE, Chen S (2021) Genome-wide association study and genomic prediction for soybean cyst nematode resistance in USDA common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) core collection. Frontiers in Plant Science 12:1087  doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.62415

Soltani, A., Walter, K.A., Wiersma, A.T., Santiago, J.P., Quiqley M., Chitwood, D., Porch, T.G., Miklas, P.N., McClean, P.E., Osorno, J.M., and Lowry, D.B. 2021. The genetics and physiology of seed dormancy, a crucial trait in common bean domestication. BMC Plant Biology. 21:1-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-02837-6

Tobar-Piñon, M.G., Moghaddam S.M., Lee, R., Villatoro-Merida, J.C., Osorno, J.M., McClean, P.E. 2020. Genetic Diversity of Guatemalan Climbing Bean Collections. Genetic Res. and Crop Evol. 68, 639-656. doi: 10.1007/s10722-020-01013-3

Urrea, C.A., M.A. Pastor-Corrales, G. Valentini, L.F.S.,& E. Sanchez-Betancourt, E. 2021. Registration of ‘White Pearl’ great northern common bean cultivar with upright plant architecture and high yield. J. Plant Regist., 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/plr2.20167

Urrea, C.A., M.A. Pastor-Corrales, G. Valentini, L.F.S.,& E. Sanchez-Betancourt, E. 2021. Registration of the slow darkening pinto common bean cultivar ‘Wildcat’. J. Plant Regist.

Urrea, C.A., Pastor-Corrales, M.A., Valentini, G., Xavier, L.F.S., and Sanchez-Betancourt, E. 2021. Registration of ‘White Pearl’ great northern common bean cultivar with upright plant architecture and high yield. Submitted to the Journal of Plant Registrations. 

Urrea, C.A., Pastor-Corrales, M.A., Valentini, G., Xavier, L.F.S., and Sanchez-Betancourt, E. 2021. Registration of the Slow Darkening Pinto Common Bean Cultivar ‘Wildcat’. Submitted to the: Journal of Plant Registrations. 

Vaz Bisneta M, Gonçalves-Vidigal MC, Vidigal Filho PS, Elias JCF, Valentini G, Lemos Lima LR, Martiniano-Souza MDC, Ariani A, Gepts P (2021) New genomic regions for resistance to anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) through GBS-based genome-wide association study in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 12:020-040  doi: 10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.1.0493

Vidigal Filho, P.S., Gonçalves-Vidigal, M.C., Bisneta, M.V., Souza, V.B., Gilio, T.A.S., Calvi, A. A., Lima, L.R.L., Pastor-Corrales, M.A., Melotto, M. 2020. Genome-wide association study of resistance to the anthracnose and angular leaf spot diseases in Brazilian Mesoamerican and Andean common bean cultivars. Crop Sci. 60: 2931-2950.

Viscarra-Torrico, R. C., A. Pajak, A. Soler Garzón, B-L. Zhang, S. Pandurangan, M. Diapari, Q. Song, Qijian; P. Cregan, R. Conner, J. House, P. N. Miklas, A. Hou, and F.  Marsolais. 2021. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with increased cysteine and methionine concentration.  Legume Sci. 3: e103. doi: 10.1002/leg3.103

Wiesinger, J., Osorno, J.M., McClean, P.E., Hart, J.J., and Glahn, R.P. 2021. Faster cooking times and improved iron bioavailability are associated with the down regulation of procyanidin synthesis in slow-darkening pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J. Functional Foods. 82-104444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2021.104444.

Winham, D.M., Davitt, E.D., Heer, M.M. and Shelley, M.C., 2020. Pulse knowledge, attitudes, practices, and cooking experience of Midwestern US university students. Nutrients, 12(11), p.3499.

Xavier, L. F. S.; Poletine, J. P.; Gonçalves-Vidigal, M. C.; Valentini, G.; Vidigal Filho, P. S.; Pastor-Corrales, M. A. 2021. Characterization of diversity in Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in Parana, Brazil, suggest breeding strategies for anthracnose resistance in common bean. Eur J Plant Pathol (2021) 160:757–770.

Zeffa DM, Moda-Cirino V, Delfini J, Arruda Medeiros I, Koltun A, Nogueira AF, Scapim CA, Gepts P, Gonçalves LSA (2021) Genetic diversity among Brazilian carioca common bean cultivars for nitrogen use efficiency. Crop Science: published online doi: 10.1002/csc2.20444

Zeffa DM, Moda-Cirino V, Nogueira AF, Delfini J, Arruda Medeiros I, Neto JdS, Gepts P, Scapim CA, Gonçalves LSA (2021) Genetic variability and nitrogen response indices in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars under contrasting nitrogen environments. Plant Breeding, published online doi: 10.1111/pbr.12916

Zitnick-Anderson, K., Oladzadabbasabadi, A., Jain, S., Modderman, C., Osorno, J.M., McClean, P., Pasche, J. 2020. Sources of Resistance to Fusarium solani and Associated Genomic Regions in Common Bean Diversity Panels. Frontiers in Plant Sci. 16 June 2020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.00475

Non-Refereed Publications

Alhasan, A. and J. Heitholt. 2020. Summary of N-by-genotype interactions on different traits in dry bean. Wyo. Agric. Exp. Stn. Field Days Bulletin. p. 5-7.  https://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2020-field-day-bulletins-web.pdf.

Barrera, S., Tamang, P., Urrea. C.A., and. Pastor-Corrales, M.A.2020. Reaction of tepary beans to races of the bean rust pathogen that overcome all common bean rust resistance genes. Ann. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 63: 43-44.

Beaver J.S. 2020. The production and genetic improvement of beans in the Caribbean. Ann. Rep. of the Bean Improv. Coop. 63:7-12.

Beaver, J.S., C. Estévez de Jensen, P.N. Miklas and T.G. Porch. 2020. Contributions in Puerto Rico to bean, Phaseolus spp., research. J. Agric. Univ. P.R. 104:43-111.

Harveson, R M., and L. Porter. 2021.  A new pulse crop disease in Nebraska? Bean Bag, Summer Issue.

Harveson, R. M., and Urrea, C. A. 2021.   The Evolution of Dry Bean Research in Nebraska.  Bean Bag, Autumn Issue.

Harveson, R.M.  2021.  Specialty crops update.   Proceedings of the Crop Production Clinic, University of Nebraska, Cooperative Extension, pages 46-48.

Harveson, R.M. 2021. A brief history of dry bean production in Nebraska.  Business Farmer, Sept., 2021.

Heitholt, J., C. Eberle, B. Magnuson, J. Keith. 2020. Cooperative dry bean nursery (CDBN) report – SAREC Lingle 2019. Wyo. Agric. Exp. Stn. Field Days Bulletin. p. 61-63. https://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2020-field-day-bulletins-web.pdf.

Heitholt, J., C. Hoyt, J. Sloan, S.C. Reynolds. 2020. Response of six recombinant inbred dry bean lines and released cultivars to withholding N and P. Wyo. Agric. Exp. Stn. Field Days Bulletin. p. 32-34. https://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2020-field-day-bulletins-web.pdf  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-02837-6

Hurtado-Gonzales, O.P., Valentini1, G., Gilio, T.A.S., Song, Q., and Pastor-Corrales, M.A.2020. Development and validation of a Marker linked to the Ur-4 rust resistance gene in common bean. Ann. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 63: 49-50.

Keith, J., J. Heitholt, J. Bolak, and A. Samet-Brown. 2020. Impact of maturation stage and pod color at harvest on popping percentage of popping bean lines of Phaseolus vulgaris. Wyo. Agric. Exp. Stn. Field Days Bulletin. p. 35-37. https://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2020-field-day-bulletins-web.pdf.

Miklas, P. Chilagane, L., Fourie, D., Nchimbi, S., Soler-Garzon, A., Hart, J., McClean, P., Pastor-Corrales, M., Song. Q., and Porch, T. 2020. QTL for resistance to angular leaf spot and rust in Tanzania vs South Africa for the Andean diversity panel & Rojo/CAL 143 RIL population. Ann. Rep. Bean Improv. Coop. 63: 83-84.

Moore, M., J. Heitholt, S.C. Reynolds, J. Sweet, K. Webber. 2020. 2019 dry bean performance evaluation. Wyo. Agric. Exp. Stn. Field Days Bulletin. p. 30-31. https://www.uwyo.edu/uwexpstn/publications/field-days-bulletin/2020-field-day-bulletins-web.pdf

Myers, J.R., P.M. Kusolwa and J.S. Beaver 2021. Breeding the common bean for weevil resistance. Chronica Horticulturae 61:16-20.

Myers, J.R., P.M. Kusolwa and J.S. Beaver. 2021. Breeding the common bean for weevil resistance. Chronica Horticulturae 61:16-20.

Pastor-Corrales, M.A. 2020. Epistasis between rust resistance genes in two common beans of Andean origin. Ann. Rep. Bean I

Porch, T.G., J.S. Beaver, J. Arias, G. Godoy-Lutz. 2021. Response of tepary beans to Bean golden yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew. Annual Report of the Bean Improvement Coop. 64:73-74. Rosas, J.C., J.S. Beaver and T.G. Porch. 2020. Bean cultivars and germplasm released in Central America and the Caribbean. Ann. Rep. of the Bean Improv. Coop. 63:107-110.

Sandra E. Branham, John Hart, Phillip Griffiths, Timothy Porch, Michael Mazourek, Michael Gore, and Jim Myers. 2021. Genetic diversity, population structure and linkage disequilibrium in a SnAP bean association panel and its potential for genome-wide association studies. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT. Nov. 7-10, 2021 (Abstract).

 Soler-Garzón A., Oladzad A., Lee R., Macea E., Rosas J.C., Beaver J., McClean P., Beebe S., Raatz B., and Miklas P. 2020. GWAS and fine mapping of the bgm-1 gene and other QTLs for resistance to BGYMV in dry beans. Ann. Rep. of the Bean Improv. Coop. 63:87-88.

Urrea, C.A. 2021. Great northern dry bean cultivar ‘White Pearl’. The Bean Bag. 39(2): 9.

Urrea, C.A. 2021. Slow darkening pinto dry bean cultivar ‘Wildcat’. The Bean Bag. 39(2): 11

Urrea, C.A. 2021. Two new bean varieties. Colorado Bean News. 34(1): 9-11 & 12.

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