Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

W4170 Annual Meeting – Annual Meeting Minutes

Business Meeting 6/29/2021, 1:00-4 pm

Zoom Link: https://ufl.zoom.us/j/94973590042

Participants (39): M. Silveira, R. Batjiaka, T. Borch, L. Daniels, T Ghesesger, A. Bary, C Acheson, H. Li, M Badzmier, M. Kaiser, L. Lee, G. Evanylo, R. Herrmann, M. Desjard, H. Zhang, Maile Lono-Batura, J. Huang, I. Pepper, J. Ippolito, E Resek, J. Iqbal, L. Moss, W. Oladeji, N. Basta, S. Brown, G. Hettiarachchi, C. Rosen, H. Nguyen, G. Kester, B. Badgley, P. Ma, J. Judy, L. Baroldi, A. Gray, C. Gravesen, X. Bai, H. Preisendanz, D. LaHue, M. Mashtare, Gao.

1:00 to 1:10 pm: Maria introduced the W-4170

1:10 to 1:18 pm: Self-introduction of all participants

1:18 to 1: 40 pm: Annual state report update. Original deadline (June 26 extended to the second week of July). Maria (W4170 chair) will put all state reports together and submit it as one W-4170 annual report within two months after the annual meeting.

2022 annual meeting: Location: Seattle, WA. Date: June 26-28, 2022. Sally Brown from University of Washington will host the meeting.

Publication and report sharing. Linda Lee proposed a special issue on “soil and health” in the Frontiers of Soil Sciences.

1:40 to 2:10 pm: Basta and Resek, W4170 response to OIG report entitled “EPA unable to assess the impact of unregulated pollutants in land-applied biosolids on human health and the environment”. W4170 response to OIG report can be found at https://www.nimss.org/system/ProjectAttachment/files/000/000/502/original/W4170%20Response%20to%20OIG%20Report%20July%2023%202020%20final.pdf

Inputs on the W4170 report are encouraged.

2:10 to 2:40 pm: PFAS in biosolids and treatment residuals: Process effects and subsequent leaching potential, Linda Lee, Purdue Univ.

2:45 - 3:15 PM – Analyzing land-applied biosolids soil carbon data through a systematic review, Mike Badzmierowski, Virginia Tech.

3:15 - 3:45 PM – Measuring C sequestration resulting from forest fertilization with biosolids, Sally Brown, Univ. of Washington.

3:45 – 4:00 PM – Discussion on ways to improve group interaction and engagement. Greg Evanylo suggested quarterly webinars featuring new members (tentatively planned to start this fall). Members were also in favor of offering an special session at the ASA-CSSA-SSSA society next year. Adjourn.

Objective 1. Evaluate the short- and long-term fate, bioavailability and persistence of trace organic contaminants (TOrCs) in residuals, reclaimed water, and amended soils to aid in assessing and minimizing environmental and human health risks from their application at a watershed scale. Specific tasks: i) Quantify and evaluate the uptake, accumulation and transport of TOrCs in residuals, wastewaters and residuals- and wastewater-treated soils (e.g., agricultural, urban and brownfields); ii) Predict the long-term bioavailability, persistence and toxicity of TOrCs in residuals- and wastewater-amended soils; iii) Evaluate ecological effects of TOrCs from soils amended with residuals and reclaimed wastewaters; and iv) Evaluate long-term effects of residuals and wastewater application on the emergence/spread of antibiotic resistance. Research for this objective was conducted by members from AZ, CA, FL, GA, IN, KS, MI, OH, PA, VA, WA

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl (PFASs) substances are a class of persistent organic contaminants that are ubiquitous in the environment and have been found to be accumulated in agricultural products. Consumption of PFAS-contaminated agricultural products represents a feasible pathway for the trophic transfer of these toxic chemicals along food chains/webs, leading to risks associated with human and animal health. Researchers from numerous states (AZ, FL, IN, MI, FL, PA) performed laboratory and field studies quantifying the occurrence, persistence, fate and human health effects of PFAS. In MI, a thorough literature review was performed on environmental occurrence, fate and plant uptake of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). The review paper published in Chemosphere indicated that a large variety of plant species can take up PFASs from the environment. This work also indicated that vegetables and grains are the most investigated crops, with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) as the most studied PFASs. The potential sources of PFASs for plant uptake include industrial emissions, irrigation with contaminated water, land application of biosolids, leachates from landfill sites, and pesticide application. Root uptake is the predominant pathway for the accumulation of PFASs in agricultural crops. PFAS uptake by plants is influenced by physicochemical properties of compounds (e.g., perfluorocarbon chain length, head group functionality, water solubility, and volatility), plant physiology (e.g., transpiration rate, lipid and protein content), and abiotic factors (e.g., soil organic matter, pH, salinity, and temperature).

A field study conducted in Pima County, AZ was designed to investigate the impact of long-term land application of biosolids on PFAS presence in soils. The study involved multiple agricultural plots that have received annual land application of Class B biosolids from 1984 to 2019. No PFAS analytes were detected at any of the three sampling depths for the soil samples collected from undisturbed sites with no history of agriculture, irrigation, or biosolids application (background control sites). Concentrations of PFAS ranging from non-detect to 1.8 μg/L were measured in soil samples collected from sites that were used for agriculture and that received irrigation with groundwater, but never received biosolids. Similar levels of PFAS were measured for soils collected from the agricultural fields that received biosolids applications. PFOS was observed at the highest concentrations, followed by PFOA. PFAS concentrations in soil attenuated dramatically with depth. Overall, attenuation was >90% at the 6 foot soil depth regardless of the biosolid loading rate. These results indicate that biosolids and the irrigation water both important sources of PFASs present in the soils for all of the study sites. This study resulted in the moratorium being lifted, and significant cost reduction associated with biosolids management.

 A mesocosms study in IN demonstrated that PFAS leaching from biosolids-amended soils was sustained throughout the 6-month field study with total PFAS concentrations ranging from 10s to 100s of nanogram per liter (ng/L) in the leachate. Transformation of precursor compounds accounted for the vast majority of PFAS present in the leachate from the biosolids. Another PFAS leaching study in a land-reclamation field study in VA where biosolids were applied at either the typical N-based rates for crops or five times that rate demonstrated that PFAS leached (captured by 15-cm depth) was in the order of 100s to 1000s of nanogram per liter (ng/L) depending on timing of rain after application. Results from this study also indicated that rainfall intensity and rainfall frequency, and biosolids application rate affected PFAS leaching potential.

Studies in FL examining trophic transfer of PFAS within a simulated terrestrial food chain (tomato à tobacco hornworm) indicated that while patterns of uptake and elimination were similar between different PFAS, PFOS bioaccumulated in the hornworms to a higher concentration, featuring approximately 5-fold higher assimilation efficiency than other PFAS tested.  Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer factors were positively correlated with PFAS carbon chain length for both sulfonates and carboxylic acids.  This result suggests that although recently published work has demonstrated that shorter chain PFAS are more readily accumulated in plants, shorter-chain PFAS may also be more readily eliminated by higher trophic level consumers.

Ongoing research in IN and FL are currently evaluating the presence of PFAS in drinking water treatment residuals as a first step in evaluating their potential as an amendment for mitigating PFAS release from biosolids. Preliminary data from IN indicated that alum WTRs showed 7 PFAS detected at a total of 84 ± 4.2 mg/kg dry weight with the dominant PFAS being perfluoropentanoic,  and perfluorohexanoic, and perfluorooctanoic acids (C5 and C6),  and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Similarly, W4170 members in FL are also investigating characteristics and wastewater treatment plant management practices associated with PFAS partitioning to drinking water treatment residual (WTRs) and biosolids, as well as how amending biosolids with WTRs affects plant uptake of PFAS and P. Preliminary results indicated PFAS partitioning in biosolids is likely to be related to Al, Fe, and OM content, and thus, likely to be influenced by WWTP management practices affecting biosolids Al and Fe content (e.g., use of biological phosphorus removal, inclusion of WTRs in WWTP influent, etc.). In GA, studies are focused on developing and evaluating wastewater and residuals treatment strategies to reduce pathogens, antibiotics and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), with especial emphasis on electrochemical approaches. Such novel technologies are expected to have major impacts on beneficial reuse of biosolids and wastewater. 

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances are present in biosolids due to input from variety of sources including residential homes from the use and care of numerous PFAS-containing consumer products. Research group in IN reported an increased number of PFAS they were able to quantify for which 50% or more appear to be polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esters (diPAPs) similar to what has been found in household dust. These diPAPs will degrade to more mobile and more commonly monitored poly- and perfluoroalkyl acids particularly during aerobic processing or after being land-applied. Researchers in IN are also evaluating PFAS release from pyrolyzed (350 C, low oxygen) biosolids reported that although PFAS concentrations shifted some in the biochar relative to the biosolids, overall PFAS content was still high. However, PFAS release to porewater dropped from hundreds of ppt leaching from the biosolid was negligible (only low single digit ppt of short chain PFAAs) leaching from the biochar.

In 2020, the W4170 group wrote a comprehensive review to respond to the request of biosolids stakeholders for W4170 to provide a scientific review of the OIG Report. The review (available at: https://www.nimss.org/system/ProjectAttachment/files/000/000/502/original/W4170%20Response%20to%20OIG%20Report%20July%2023%202020%20final.pdf) addressed chemical, antibiotic, and pathogen issues raised in the OIG report. The W4170 team concluded that OIG report was badly flawed and that the science of beneficial use of biosolids was lacking. The W4170 report has been widely read and our groups have given many presentations of the Response to local, regional, and national audiences.

Research in PA evaluated the potential of biochar materials as potential adsorbents for removing pharmaceuticals from reclaimed water prior to irrigation of food crops. Results demonstrated that increase in biochar pyrolysis temperature from 350C to 700C led to an increase in pH, surface area, and hydrophobicity. The team concluded that biochars could potentially serve as low-cost adsorbents for reducing pharmaceuticals in treated wastewater prior to beneficial reuse by careful selection/modification of biochar properties to sorb compounds most likely to impact health though dietary intake of consumed crops. In a similar study in MI designed to evaluate biochar potential to mitigate the uptake of 15 pharmaceuticals by radish (Raphanus sativus), researchers reported that accumulation of acetaminophen, carbamazepine, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, lamotrigine, carbadox, trimethoprim, oxytetracycline, tylosin, estrone, and triclosan in radish grown in the soil amended with 1.0% of biochar significantly decreased by 33–83% relative to control (no biochar) treatments. However, the concentration of lincomycin in radish increased by 37–48% in the soil amended with 1% biochar. While the soil amended with 1.0% of biochar increased sorption of all 15 pharmaceuticals, the persistence (half-life) of 7 pharmaceuticals in the soil were prolonged, including caffeine, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, lincomycin, estrone, 17 β-estradiol and triclosan. The reduced plant uptake of pharmaceuticals was attributed mainly to the fact that biochar could lower the pharmaceutical concentrations in soil pore water. The estimated daily intake data suggest that biochar amendment could potentially decrease the human exposure to a mixture of pharmaceuticals.  Treated wastewater is a critical and valuable water source to augment agricultural irrigation, especially in the American Southwest. However, recycled water irrigation introduces many trace organic contaminants (TOrCs) into agroecosystems, and concerns about the potential accumulation of TOrCs in food produce hinder its broader adoption. Research in CA supported by USDA and EPA evaluated processes and risks of TOrCs in the wastewater-soil-plant continuum. Results from these studies demonstrated that plant accumulation of TOrCs depends closely on the specific compounds, and that potential accumulation in edible parts is generally low for many TOrCs. In addition, plants possess the capability of quickly metabolizing many TOrCs via conjugation, which contributes to a reduced accumulation in edible organs.

Microplastic particles (size of 1 μm - 5 mm) are a contaminant of emerging concern in wastewater and biosolids. In CA, fundamental and applied research was carried out to advance microplastics field sampling, laboratory processing and analysis, and data analysis techniques in service of this objective through projects funded by NOAA Marine Debris Research and the California State Water Board. Collaborators include the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, the Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board, Orange County Sanitation District, Orange County Environmental Resources, and the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works. Collaborative research among W4170 members from CA and IN and University of Cincinnati resulted in a funded project through USEPA’s National Priorities – Evaluation of Pollutants in Biosolids program. This project is expected to expand the team research on TOrCs to consider processes, risks and management in land applications of biosolids.

Manure-associated antibiotics are often concentrated in manure injection slits, however, research in VA demonstrated that manure application methods did not affect dissipation rates of antibiotics in soil with some antibiotics remained detectable in soils 180 days after manure application. Field investigation and simulated rainfall studies were conducted in VA to monitor distribution and dissipation of pirlimycin, tylosin, chlortetracycline, and sulfamerazine in soil following either surface application or subsurface injection of liquid dairy manure. Liquid dairy manure spiked with eight antibiotics from four classes (sulfonamides, tetracyclines, macrolides and lincosamides) at 500 μg/kg was applied to field plots at 56 Mg/ha in spring and to different plots the following fall. Rainfall simulations were conducted on the plots at 1 or 7 day(s) after manure application. The absolute abundance (CFU/mL/g) of antibiotic-resistant fecal coliform bacteria (ARFCB) in surface runoff and soils were monitored. Results from these efforts suggested that subsurface injection, rather than surface application, should be the method of manure application to reduce surface runoff output of antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant fecal coliform bacteria, and resistant genes to the aquatic environment while still allowing access to the nutrients in manure.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, evidence began to grow that the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is shed through feces and therefore enters the wastewater stream. Efforts in AZ and PA were placed on monitoring wastewater as an early-warning surveillance tool for determining the presence of COVID-19 in defined communities. In AZ, the team utilized WBE paired with clinical testing as a surveillance tool to monitor the Univ. of Arizona community for SARS-CoV-2 in near real-time, as students re-entered campus in the fall. Similar wastewater surveillance efforts were launched at the Penn State wastewater treatment plant and at three other treatment plants across the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The AZ case study demonstrated the value of WBE as a tool to efficiently utilize resources for COVID-19 prevention and response. Overall, WBE provided to be an accurate diagnostic for new cases of COVID-19 with an 82.0% positive predictive value and an 88.9% negative predictive value. In PA, treated wastewater from two of the treatment plants (Penn State and University Area Joint Authority) are beneficially reused, and therefore understanding whether the pandemic affected pharmaceutical concentrations in the effluent was import. The overall goal of this project is to use wastewater as an indicator of the physical and mental health of communities as they cope with the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is important because it enables us to understand the level of local infection as widespread testing continues to remain limited or unavailable. Additionally, it may be helpful in understanding the extent of asymptotic cases and whether the number of infections is increasing or decreasing over time. This information is expected to be useful to local planners. Furthermore, usage of over-the-counter medications likely increases with the number of local cases ranging from mild to severe. The levels of various over-the-counter medications as well as increases in prescriptions related to the mental health of the community (i.e., medications for treating anxiety and depression) are analyzed. This is useful to understanding how the community is coping with the pandemic, and all of the additional stress it is causing for people across the Commonwealth of PA. These data were shared with facility operators within 48 hours of sample collection, enabling the communities to track increases and decreases, particularly of the virus, in near-real time. These data have been utilized, along with other indicators, to understand the prevalence of disease within the community over the past year. The data have been particularly effective when they are showing decreasing trends, to provide reassurance that downward trends in individual case data are also true at the community scale. Further, the data have been particularly useful to the Department of Corrections in knowing when transmission has been high and low at their facility.

A new low-cost and fast biosensing method based on the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas12a technique was developed by the VA team to detect ARGs in environmental samples. The VA team also developed AgroSeek (https://agros eek.cs.vt.edu), a centralized web-based system that provides computational tools for analysis and comparison of metagenomic data sets tailored specifically to researchers and other users in the agricultural sector interested in tracking and mitigating the spread of ARGs. It creates a space for metagenomic data sharing and collaboration to assist policy makers, stakeholders, and the public in decision-making.

Objective 2. Evaluate the uses and associated environmental benefits for residuals and wastewaters in various ecosystems (e.g., agricultural, urban, recreational, forest, rangeland, mine-impacted, disturbed, degraded) with respect to changes in soil physical, chemical, biological, nutrient, and trace/heavy metals with respect to soil quality/soil health. Research on this topic was conducted by members from AZ, CO, FL, HI, KS, MS, NE, OH, PA, VA, WA

Collaborative research among W4170 members in CO, WA, VA, and OH and Soil Health Institute using long-term plots in CO reported positive soil health changes associated with biosolids land application at agronomic rates to agroecosystems. The team also continue to monitor an experiment on reconstructed Appalachian mine soils where biosolids were applied at rates of 22 to 224 Mg/ha in 1982. Long-term experimental area in VA demonstrated despite organic matter mineralization losses that have occurred during more than 35 years, biosolids continue to have significant positive effects on a wide range of Appalachian mine soil chemical properties, including soil CEC, plant available P, cations, essential micronutrients, and total C.

Research in CO, FL, and WA demonstrated that land application of biosolids to various crops (wheat, corn, pastures, tree plantation) have multiple agronomic and environmental benefits including improvement in soil health as compared to inorganic fertilizers. Results from field and laboratory trials and a rainfall simulation study in FL suggested significant lower risk of N and P losses via runoff and leaching than commercial inorganic fertilizer. Negligible (0.1 to 0.2% of applied P) P leaching occurred from biosolids-amended soils during a 3-yr field study in FL. In 2020, the OH team in collaboration with the City of Columbus established long-term experimental areas on local farms in OH to evaluate the effect of land application biosolids on soil health. 

In addition to the multiple agronomic benefits, biosolids offer several environmental advantages compared with inorganic fertilizers because nutrients are less soluble and, therefore less likely subject to losses. Corroborating this hypothesis, research in FL demonstrated that long-term biosolids application reduced P leaching compared with control treatments (no biosolids addition). This response was due to the addition of Fe and Al with biosolids and subsequent positive effects on soil P storage capacity. Research findings in KS also concluded that high-Fe biosolids reduced bioaccessible lead in alkaline soils that are not responding effectively to conventional P fertilizer treatments.

Research in CO evaluated the ability of drinking water residuals’ ability to sorb organic P from waste streams and utilize the end product as a P fertilizer source instead of landfilling or disposing of both waste streams. The study evaluated Al-based WTRs ability to sorb organic forms of P from swine effluent, removing almost 100% of organic P within 1 hour.  A subsequent study showed that 17% (~ 3,000 mg P/kg Al-WTR) can be desorbed over time.  A subsequent study in CO showed that the organic P – Al-WTR composite material can be used to supply P to wheat grown in low-P containing soils. This research is expected to close the loop in terms of recovering P from wastewaters and reutilizing P (a non-renewable resource) as a fertilizer.

Bioretention soil typically consist of a mixture of sand and compost and are critical component of green stormwater infrastructure. In many states, WA included, biosolids based materials are prohibited from use in these mixtures because of their relative high concentrations of metals and nutrients. Research in WA evaluated various Class B biosolids materials and water treatment residuals and concluded that biosolids based products can be an effective media to filter out pollutants and reduce stormwater flows into treatment plants. Results from this study also build on extensive work by members of the group to predict and mitigate P release from soils, biosolids, and water treatment residuals. 

Research in KS evaluated recovery of Ca-P products from simulated swine wastewater and their solubility, diffusion and potential plant availability in different soil types. Results from these studies indicated that anaerobic membrane bioreactors and associated technologies can be used to generate secondary Ca-based P fertilizer sources to reuse in agriculture. Research in MN is evaluating the potential of sewage sludge incinerator ash SSA) as a P source for crop production. Approximately 12,000 Mg of SSA, a wastewater treatment by-product, is produced in the Twin Cities each year.  On average the ash contains 8.3 % total P. The study evaluated the effects of SSA relative to triple superphosphate, biosolids, and struvite at 5 rates (0, 45, 90, 135, 180 kg P₂O₅/ha) over three growing seasons on corn and soybean yields. Corn yields were not affected by P application the first two years of the study, but by the third year, yields were significantly higher than the than control plots regardless of P source. Soybean yields followed the same trend except that yield increased both years soybean was grown.  Overall, DTPA-zinc and DTPA-copper also increased significantly with application rate; however, results have shown minimal loading, likely due to the application of SSA based on agronomic-P needs of the crop rather than N. The findings to date support SSA as a potential P fertilizer source for crop production, suggesting that landfill costs could be eliminated, and area farmers would be able to use the ash as a renewable source of P in addition to other residuals such as biosolids and struvite.  As a result of this research, the Metropolitan Council has developed the “Smart Ash” project to explore regulatory issues with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency related to land application of the ash as a P fertilizer source. Based on a comprehensive literature review, the potential for utilization of SSA as a P source is summarized in a review article that was recently published in Chemosphere.  

Land application of biosolids can increase soil organic and also help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Despite the vast literature on the agronomic value of biosolids, there is still limited information on its potential benefits soil carbon sequestration potentials. Understanding the impact of biosolids end use on C emissions can help municipalities achieve C neutrality. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was conducted in VA to quantify carbon sequestration potential of land-applied biosolids. The VA team reported growing evidence that biosolids may be used to restore mine soils in VA. Similarly, research in WA suggested that use of biosolids for commercial tree plantations can be a beneficial end use for tree response and for carbon storage. Although land application of biosolids for commercial tree plantations is a common practice in the Pacific Northwest, scientists in WA concluded this practice could also provide multiple benefits in other regions such as loblolly pine plantations in the Southeast U.S. In addition to promoting soil C sequestration, research in FL also demonstrated reduced nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions associated with biosolids compared with commercial fertilizer.

Research in OH demonstrated that soil health assessment typically associated with crop productivity can also be very useful for many other land uses including remediation and for connecting soil and human health. The team published a book chapter illustrating health and remediation issues with a focus on lead, one of the most common urban legacy soil contaminants due to mining, refining and industrial processes, and ubiquitous inclusion in gasoline and paint products throughout much of the 20th Century. Soil assessment of Pb is currently conducted by evaluating exposure in human health risk assessment. Risk-based soil screening levels (SSL) based on human exposure are used by many federal and state regulatory agencies, but they are very conservative and assume worst-case scenarios including conservative default human exposure values. The chapter provided a novel risk-based soil health approach to management of soil lead including exposure pathways, risk assessment, and restoration strategies to improve soil health and reduce human health exposure and risk. A case study was used to illustrate a potential soil health framework for contaminants based on human and ecological health.  The risk- based framework is applied to evaluate the use of soil amendments to remediate Pb contaminated soils.

Thermal treatment of biosolids to create a partially (i.e., biochar) or fully (i.e., ash) combusted byproduct is becoming more common, but the properties and potential benefits of such residuals are not as well-understood as the uncombusted biosolids. Members of W4170 in CO, FL, HI, and NE continue to study land application biochar on heavy metal mitigation, soil health, carbon sequestration, and nutrient availability. Research in HI evaluated the impact of biochar (either surface applied or incorporated) and chicken manure compost applied at 4% v/v/ on crop responses. Soil pH, total N, and extractable P, Ca, and Mg concentrations increased in response to biochar application. Chinese cabbage biomass was 14-70% higher in biochar treatments than unamended soil, while papaya biomass increased by 19-23%. Results indicated that surface co-application of biochar and compost could be an effective farm-scale practice with potential benefits to annual and perennial crops. In NE, research is evaluating low-cost animal manure management options, including production of manure-derived char. In a greenhouse study evaluating co-application of dairy slurry and swine lagoon wastewater with biochar and coal char, they reported significant reduction in P leaching (15-24% for biochar vs. 38-50% char). The study also demonstrated that unlike biochar, some char-N is plant available, which could potentially have agronomic benefits.

Land application of manure can alter soil microbial communities. Data from a three-year field experiment in VA demonstrated that manure from cattle treated with antibiotics caused sustained alterations of soil bacterial communities compared to application of manure from antibiotic-free cattle. In contrast, soil fungal communities and abundances of antibiotic resistance genes in soils were impacted only by the application of manure, regardless of whether it was from cattle treated with antibiotics. Data suggested that managing the antibiotic resistance crisis requires consideration of both antibiotic usage prior to manure application but also the impacts of the nutrients in the manure itself.

A land suitability framework and an accompanying decision-making tool were developed by PA team for sustainable manure management. The framework evaluates land for manure application based on exclusionary criteria (floodplains, stream buffers, karst geology, shallow soils) and categorical vulnerability factors (land slope, nitrate leaching index, phosphorus index). Areas were classified highly suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable, and unsuitable. The decision-making tool built in ArcGIS environment was applied in a case study area in western PA. The tool classified 2% of the potential area as highly suitable and 21% as unsuitable for manure application. Landscape slope and proximity to streams were the dominant limiting factors in the study area. Research efforts in NE target at refining manure recommendations resulted in changes in application rates. These changes are expected to increase the economic value of animal manures while reducing the risk of N loss.

Abdelhafez, A. A., Eid, K. E., El-Abeid, S. E., Abbas, M. H.H., Ahmed, N., Mansour, R. R.M.E., Zou, G., Iqbal, J., Fahad, S., Elkelsih, A., Alamri, S., Siddiqui, M. H., Mohamed, I. 2020. Application of soil biofertilizers to a clayey soil contaminated with Sclerotium rolfsii can promote production, protection and nutritive status of Phaseolus vulgaris. Chemosphere, 129321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129321.

Abercrombie, S., de Perre, C., Iacchetta, M., Flynn, R., Sepulveda, M., Lee, L.S., Hoverman, J. 2020. Sublethal Effects of Dermal Exposure to Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances on Post- Metamorphic Amphibians, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4711

Abercrombie, S.A.; de Perre, C.; Choi, Y.J. ; Tornabene, B.J.; Sepúlveda, M.S.; Lee, L.S.; Hoverman, J.T. 2019. Larval Amphibians Rapidly Bioaccumulate Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances, Ecotox. and Environ. Safety, EES-18-4008, 178:137-145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.022

Alasmary, Z., T. Todd, G.M. Hettiarachchi, T. Stefanovska,V. Pidlisnyuk, K. Roozeboom, L. Erickson, L. Davis, and O. Zhukov. 2020. Effect of Soil Treatments and Amendments on the Nematode Community under Miscanthus Growing in a Lead Contaminated Military Site. Agronomy 10, 1727.

Alghamdi, A., D.R. Presley, M.B. Kirkham, and G. Hettiarachchi. 2020. Efficacy of amendments to improve soil physical properties at an abandoned lead and zinc mine. Agroecosystems, Geosciences & Environment. 3: e20032.

Anuo, C.O., Jennifer A. Cooper, Katja Koehler-Cole, Salvador Ramirez II, Michael Kaiser. Effect of Cover Cropping on Soil Organic Matter Decomposition and Stabilization: Insights from a five-year field experiment in Nebraska. Will be submitted in June/July 2021 to Soil Science Society of America Journal. Book chapter

Attanayake, C.P., G.M. Hettiarachchi, M. Palomo, G.M. Pierzynski, B. Calderon. 2021. Phytoavailability of lead for vegetables in urban garden soils. ACS Agricultural Science & Technology. 1: 173–181. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.0c00068

Azeem, M., A. Ali, P.G.S.A. Jeyasunder, Y. Li, H. Abelrahman, A. Latif, R. Li, N. Basta, G. Li, S.M. Shaheen, J. Rinkleve, and Z, Zhang. 2021.  Bone-derived biochar imprioved soil quality and reduced Cd and Zn phytoavailavility in a multi-metal contaminated mining soil. Environ. Pollut. 277:116800.

Badzmierowski, M.J., G.K. Evanylo, W.L. Daniels, and K.C. Haering. 2021. What is the impact of human wastewater biosolids (sewage sludge) application on long term carbon sequestration rates? A systematic review protocol. Environmental Evidence. 10:6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-021-00221-3.

Banet, T., I. Zohar, I.M. Litaor, M. Massey, and J.A. Ippolito. 2020. Phosphorus removal from swine wastewater using aluminum-based water treatment residuals. Res. Conserv. Recycl. X. 6:100039.

Banet, T., M. Massey, I. Zohar, I. Litaor, and J.A. Ippolito. 2020. Assessing modified aluminum-based water treatment residuals as a plant-available phosphorus source. Chemosphere. 247:125949

Barnes, R.G., C.A. Rotz, H.E. Preisendanz, J.E. Watson, H.A. Elliott, T.L. Veith, C. Williams, and K.J. Brasier. 2021. Cover cropping and interseeding management practices to improve runoff quality from dairy farms in Central Pennsylvania. Transactions of ASABE, Accepted 20 April, 2021. 

Basta, N.T., Alyssa M. Zearley, Jeffory A. Hattey, and Douglas L. Karlen. 2021. A Risk-Based Soil Health Approach to Management of Soil Lead. In: D.L. Karlen, D.E. Stott, and M.M. Mikha (eds). Soil Health: Vol. 1: Approaches to Soil Health Analysis, Chapter 7, Soil Science Society of America (SSSA) & Wiley International, SSSA, Madison, WI. Book chapter

Basta, N.T., I. Pepper, L.S. Lee, G. Kester, and A. Zearley.  2020. W4170 Multistate Research Committee Response to USEPA OIG Report No. 19-P-00021 “EPA unable to assess the impact of unregulated pollutants in land-applied biosolids on human health and the environment”, https://www.nimss.org/system/ProjectAttachment/files/000/000/502/original/W4170%20Response%20to%20OIG%20Report%20July%2023%202020%20final.pdf USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Research Committee W4170,  June 2020.

Battaglia M; Thomason W; Fike JH; Evanylo GK; Cossel M; Babur E; Iqbal Y; Diatta AA. 2021. The broad impacts of corn stover and wheat straw removal for biofuel production on crop productivity, soil health and greenhouse gas emissions: A review. GCB Bioenergy, 13(1), 45-57. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12774.

Benli Chai, Tamara Tsoi, J Brett Sallach, Cun Liu, Jeff Landgraf, Mark Bezdek, Gerben Zylstra, Hui Li, Cliff T Johnston, Brian J Teppen, James R Cole, Stephen A Boyd, James M Tiedje, 2020, Bioavailability of Clay-Adsorbed Dioxin to Sphingomonas wittichii RW1 and its associated genome-wide shifts in gene expression. Science of the Total Environment, 712: 135525.

Betancourt, W.W., Schmitz, B.W., Innes, G.K., Prasek, S.M., Pogreba Brown, K.M., Stark, E.R., Foster, A.R., Sprissler, R.S., Harris, D.T., Sherchan, S.P., Gerba, C.P., Pepper, I.L. 2021. COVID-19 containment on a college campus via wastewater-based epidemiology, targeted clinical testing and an intervention. Sci. Tot. Environ. 779 (2021) 146408.

Brown, S., J. Ippolito, N. Basta, L. Hundal. 2020. Municipal biosolids as a tool for sustainable communities. Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health. 14:56-62.

Brown, S., J.A. Ippolito, L. Hundal, and N.T. Basta.  2020. Municipal biosolids – A resource for sustainable communities. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health. 14:56-62.

Buchanan, C., and J. Ippolito. 2020. Utilizing long-term organic amendments to improve soil health in semi-arid, grazed grasslands. Proceedings of the Great Plains Soil Fertility Conference. Denver, CO. March 10-11.

Cannon, J., R.M. Foguth, R. Wesley Flynn; Chloe de Perre; L.S. Lee and M.S. Sepulveda. 2019. Developmental exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) selectively decreases brain dopamine levels in northern leopard frogs. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, TAAP-D-19-00419R1, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2019.114623.

Chandler, J. W., Preisendanz, H. E., Veith, T. L., Elkin, K. R., Elliott, H. A., & Watson, J. E. (2021). Role of concentrated flow pathways on the movement of pesticides through agricultural fields and riparian buffer zones. Transactions of the ASABE, Accepted 24 February 2021. doi.org/10.13031/trans.14221.

Chandler, J.W., H.E. Preisendanz, T. L. Veith, K.R. Elkin, H.A. Elliott, J.E. Watson, and P.J.A. Kleinman. 2020. Role of concentrated flow pathways on the movement of pesticides through agricultural fields and riparian buffer zones. ASABE Paper No. 2001630. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, St. Joseph, MI. doi:10.13031/aim.2001630

Cheng, Z., G. M. Hettiarachchi, and K-H Kim. 2020. Urban soils research: SUITMA 10. J. Environ. Qual. Published online 12/20/2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.2019.

Cheng, Z.P., H.W. Sun, H.S. Sidhu, N. Sy, and J. Gan. 2020. Metabolism of mono-(2-ethyhexyl)phthalate in Arabidopsis thaliana: Exploration of metabolic pathways by deuterium labeling. Environmental Pollution 265: 114886. doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114886

Chao Lu, Bing Yang, and Michael Gatheru Wagi, 2020, A Fast and Easily Parallelizable Biosensor Method for Measuring Extractable Tetracyclines in Soils. Environmental Science and Technology, 54: 758-767.

Chen, C.Q., S. Hilaire, and K. Xia, 2020. Veterinary pharmaceuticals, pathogens and antibiotic resistance. In Animal Manure: Production, Characteristics, Environmental Concerns, and Management. Editor(s): H.M. Waldrip  P.H. Pagliari  Z. He. pp 385-407. ASA Special Publication 67. (https://doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub67.c26). Book chapter

Cheng, F.Y., H.E. Preisendanz, M.L. Mashtare, L.S. Lee, and N.B. Basu. 2021. Nevertheless, they persisted: Can hyporheic zones increase the persistence of estrogens in streams? Water Resources Research, Accepted 26 April, 2021.

Clark, Elyse V., Carl E. Zipper, David J. Soucek, and W. Lee Daniels. 2020. Contaminants in Appalachian water resources generated by non-acid-forming coal-mining materials. p. 217-243. In: Carl E. Zipper and Jeff Skousen (ed.) Appalachia’s coal-mined landscapes. Springer. Book chapter

Codling, Eton E., Ngowari Jaja, Wale Adewunmi & Gregory K. Evanylo 2021. Residual effects of long-term biosolids application on concentrations of carbon, cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in soils from two regions of the United States, Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, DOI: 10.1080/00103624.2020.1869772

Cowger W, Gray A, Christiansen SH, De Frond H, Deshpande A, Hermabessiere L, Lee E, Mill L, Munno K, Ossmann B, Pittroff M, Rochman C, Sarau G, Tarby S, Primpke S. 2020. EXPRESS: Critical Review of Processing and Classification Techniques for Images and Spectra in Microplastic Research. Applied Spectroscopy. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003702820929064

Cowger W, Booth AM, Hamilton BM, Thaysen C, Primpke S, Munno K, Lusher AL, Dehaut A, Vaz VP, Liboiron M, Devriese LI, Hermabessiere L, Rochman C, Athey SN, Lynch JM, De Frond H, Gray A, Jones OAH, Brander S, Steele C, Moore S, Sanchez A, Nel H. 2020. Reporting Guidelines to Increase the Reproducibility and Comparability of Research on Microplastics. Applied Spectroscopy, 74: 989-1010. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003702820930292

Jennifer A. Cooper, Rhae A. Drijber, Arindam Malakar, Virginia L. Jin, Daniel N. Miller, Michael Kaiser. Evaluating coal char as an alternative to biochar for mitigating nutrient and carbon loss from manure amended soils - insights from a greenhouse experiment. Submitted to Journal of Environmental Quality. Book chapter

Cox J., Hue N., Ahmad A., Kobayashi K. 2021. Surface-applied or incorporated biochar and compost combination improves soil fertility, Chinese cabbage and papaya biomass. Biochar 3:213-227.

Eaton, W. K. Brasier, M.E. Burbach, W. Whitmer, E.W. Engle, M. Burnham, B. Quimby, A.K. Chaudhary, H, Whitley, J. Delozier, L.B. Fowler, A. Wutich, J.C. Bausch, M. Beresford, C. Burkhart-Kriesel, C. Williams, H.E. Preisendanz, J. Watson, and J. Weigle. 2021. A conceptual framework for social, behavioral, and environmental change through stakeholder engagement in water resource management. Society & Natural Resources, Accepted 13 May 2021. 

Eriksson, Kenneth A. and W. Lee Daniels. 2020. Environmental implications of regional geology and coal mining in the Appalachians. p. 27-53. In: Carl E. Zipper and Jeff Skousen (ed.) Appalachia’s coal-mined landscapes. Springer. Book chapter

Filipovic, L., V. Filipovic, C. Williams, H. Preisendanz, C. Walker, J. Watson. 2020. Modeling carbamazepine transport in wastewater-irrigated soil under different land uses. DOI:10.1002/jeq2.20074. Journal of Environmental Quality 49:1011-1019.

Flynn, R., Iacchetta, M., de Perre, C., Lee, L.S., Sepúlveda, M., Hoverman, J. 2020. Chronic PFAS-exposure under environmentally relevant conditions delays development in northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) larvae, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4690

Foguth RM, Flynn RW, de Perre C, Iacchetta M, Lee LS, Sepúlveda MS, Cannon JR . 2019. Developmental exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) selectively decreases brain dopamine levels in Northern leopard frogs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 377:114623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2019.114623

Foguth, R., Hoskins, T., Cali Clark, G., Nelson, M., Flynn, W., de Perre, C., Hoverman, J., Lee, L.S.,  Sepulveda, M., Cannon, J.R. 2020. Single and mixture per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances accumulate in developing Northern leopard frog brains and produce complex neurotransmission alterations. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 81:106907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106907

Frame, S., Pearsons, K. A., Elkin, K. R., Saporito, L. S., Preisendanz, H. E., Karsten, H. D., & Tooker, J. F. (2021). Assessing surface and subsurface transport of neonicotinoid insecticides from no-till crop fields. Journal of Environmental Quality. 50(2):476-484.

Gunn, K.M., T.L. Veith, A. Buda, H.E. Preisendanz, C. Kennedy, and R. Cibin. 2021. Integrating daily CO₂ emissions in SWAT-VSA to examine climate change impacts on hydrology in a karst watershed. Transactions of ASABE, Accepted 4 May 2021.

Hilaire Sheldon. 2020. Impact of Manure Land Management Practices on Manure Borne Antibiotic Resistant Elements (AREs) in Agroecosystems. Ph.D. Dissertation, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg.

Iftikhar, S., Turan, V., Tauqeer, H. M., Rasool, B., Zubair, M., Mahmood-ur-Rahman, Khan, M. A., Akhtar, S., Khan, S. A., Basharat, Z., Zulfiqar, I., Iqbal, J., Iqbal, M., Ramzani, P. M. (2021). Phytomanagement of As-contaminated matrix: Physiological and molecular basis. Handbook of Bioremediation (pp. 61-79). Elsevier. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-819382-2.00005-3. Book chapter

Jiang, F., Drohan, P. J., Cibin, R., Preisendanz, H. E., White, C., & Veith, T. L. (2020). Reallocating crop rotation patterns maintains crop yield and improves water quality. Agricultural Systems, 187. 103015.

Jianzhou He, Yuanbo Li, Haonan Qi, Hui Li, Wei Zhang, 2020, Biochar amendment changed soil-bound fractions of silver nanoparticles and ions but not their uptake by radish at an environmentally relevant concentration. Biochar, 2: 307-317.

Jiao, X.C., Q.Y. Shi, and J. Gan. 2020. Uptake, accumulation and metabolism of PFASs in plants and health perspectives: A critical review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2020.1809219

Kates, N., D. Butman, F. Grothkopp, and S. Brown.  Tools to quantify the potential for phosphorus loss from bioretention soil mixtures. Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment.  In press 

Kohmann, M.M., Saha, A., Silveira, M.L., Boughton, E.H., Swain, H., Brandani, C.B. 2021. Farm-scale phosphorus budgets of beef cow-calf operations. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystem. 10.1007/s10705-021-10130-z

Lake, L.M., N. T. Basta and D.J. Barker.  2021. Modifying Effects of Soil Properties on Bioaccessibility of As and Pb from Human Ingestion of Contaminated Soil.   Special Issue “Medical Geology in the Urban Environment. ”Geosciences. 11, 126, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11030126

Langsha Yi, Linzi Zuo, Chenhui Wei, Heyun Fu, Xiaolei Qu, Shourong Zheng, Zhaoyi Xu, Yong Guo, Hui Li, Dongqiang Zhu, 2020, Enhanced adsorption of bisphenol A, tylosin, and tetracycline from aqueous solution to nitrogen-doped multiwall carbon nanotubes via cation-π and π-π electron-donor-acceptor. Science of the Total Environment, 719: 137389.

Lazcano-Kim, R., Choi, Y., Mashtare, M. Lee, L.S. 2020. Characterizing and Comparing Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Commercially Available Biosolid and Nonbiosolid-based Organic Products. Environ. Sci. Technol. 54(14):8640-8648. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b07281.

Le, H.T. V., R. Maguire, K. Xia. 2021.  Spatial distribution and temporal change of antibiotics in soils amended with manure using two field application methods. Sci Total Environ. 759: 143431 (doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143431).

Leonard, E., J. Botas, S. Brown and B. Axt.  Carbon balance for biosolids use in commercial Douglas Fir plantations in the Pacific Northwest.  J. Environ. Management.  In press

Li, L., Y. Zhang, J.A. Ippolito, W. Xing, and Y. Cheng. 2020. Lead smelting effects heavy metal concentrations in soils, wheat, and potentially humans. Environ. Pollut. 257:113641.

Li, Y.C. 2020. Biochar impacts on nutrient dynamics in subtropical grassland soil: 2. Greenhouse gas emissions. Journal of Environmental Quality 49:1421-1434. DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20141.

Lin H., Peng H., Feng X., Li X., Zhao J., Yang K.,Liao J., Cheng D., Liu X., Huang Q., 2020, Energy-efficient advanced oxidation of bio-treated landfill leachate effluent by reactive electrochemical membranes (REMs): Laboratory and pilot scale studies. Water Research, 190, 116790.

Lu. Y., Silveira, M.L., Cavigelli, M., O’Connor, G.A., Vendramini, J.M.B., Erickson, J.E., and Li, Y.C. 2021. Biochar impacts on nutrient dynamics in subtropical grassland soil: part 2. Greenhouse gas emissions. Journal of Environmental Quality 49:1421-1434. DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20141.

Lu. Y., Silveira, M.L., O’Connor, G.A., Vendramini, J.M.B., Erickson, J.E., and Li, Y.C. 2021. Assessing the impacts of biochar and fertilizer management strategies on N and P balances in subtropical pastures. Geoderma 394 doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115038

Lu. Y., Silveira, M.L., O’Connor, G.A., Vendramini, J.M.B., Erickson, J.E., Li, Y.C., and Cavigelli, M. 2020. Biochar impacts on nutrient dynamics in subtropical grassland soil: part 1. Nitrogen and phosphorus leaching. Journal of Environmental Quality 49:1408-1420. DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20139.

Ma, P. and C. Rosen. 2021.  Land application of sewage sludge incinerator ash for phosphorus recovery: A review.  Chemosphere 274: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129609

McDevitt, B., M. McLaughlin, C.A. Cravotta, M.A. Ajemigbitse, K.J. Van Sice, J. Blotevogel, T. Borch, and N.R. Warner. 2019. Emerging Investigator Series: Radium Accumulation in Carbonate River Sediments at Oil and Gas Produced Water Discharges: Implications for Beneficial Use as Disposal Management. Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts. 21:324-338.

McDevitt B., M. McLaughlin, D.S. Vinson, T. Geeza, J. Blotevogel, T. Borch, and N.R. Warner. 2020. Isotopic and element ratios fingerprint salinization impact from beneficial use of oil and gas produced water in the Western U.S. Sci. Total Environ. 716:137006.

Mclaughlin M.C., J. Blotevogel, R.A. Watson, B. Schell, T.A. Blewett, E.J. Folkerts, G.G. Goss, L. Truong, R.L. Tanguay, J. Lucas, and T. Borch. 2020. Mutagenicity assessment downstream of oil and gas produced water discharges intended for agricultural beneficial reuse. Sci. Total Environ. 715:136944.

McLaughlin M.C., T. Borch, B. McDevitt, N.R. Warner, and J. Blotevogel. 2020. Water quality assessment downstream of oil and gas produced water discharges intended for beneficial reuse in arid regions. Sci. Total Environ. 713:136607.

Miller, H., K. Diaz, H. Hare, K. Borton, R. Daly, J. Blotevogel, C. Danforth, M. Wilkins,      K. Wrighton, J. Ippolito, and T. Borch. 2020. Reusing produced water for agricultural irrigation: Effects on soil quality and microbiome. Sci. Tot. Environ. 722:137888.

Miller H., P. Trivedi, Y.M. Qiu, E.P. Sedlacko, C. Higgins, and T. Borch. 2019. Food Crop Irrigation with Oilfield-Produced Water Suppresses Plant Immune Response. Environ. Sci. Technol. Letters. 6:656−661.

Mroczko, O., H.E. Preisendanz, C. Wilson, T.L. Veith, M.L. Mashtare, J.E. Watson, and H,A, Elliott. 2021. Spatial and temporal patterns of PFAS occurrence at a wastewater beneficial reuse site in central Pennsylvania. ASABE Paper No. 2101035.  American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, St. Joseph, MI.

Ndoun, M. C., Elliott, H. A., Preisendanz, H. E., Williams, C. F., Knopf, A., & Watson, J. E. (2020). Adsorption of pharmaceuticals from aqueous solutions using biochar derived from cotton gin waste and guayule bagasse. Biochar, 16. doi.org/10.1007/s42773-020-00070-2.

Ozores-Hampton, M., L. Cooperband, Nancy Roe, B. Faucett, J. Biala, G. Evanylo, and J. Creque. 2021. Compost Use. In Rynk et al. (ed.) Handbook of Composting. U.S. Composting Council. (In press) Book chapter

Pepper, I.L., Brusseau, M.L., Prevatt, J. et al. 2021. Incidence of PFAS in soil following long-term application of Class B biosolids: A Southern Arizona Case Study. Sci. Tot. Environ. In Review.

Pidlisnyuk, V., L. Erickson, T. Stefanovska, G. Hettiarachchi, L. Davis, J. Trögl, and P. Shapoval. 2020. Response to Grygar (2020) comments on "Potential phytomanagement of military polluted sites and biomass production using biofuel crop miscanthus x giganteus"- Pidlisnyuk et al. (2019). Environmental pollution, 261: 113038.

Saha, G., Cibin, R., Elliott, H. A. & Preisendanz, H. E. (2021). Development of a land suitability framework for sustainable manure utilization. Transactions of the ASABE. 64(1):273-285

Sammi, S.R., Foguth, R.M., Nieves, C.S., De Perre, C., Wipf, P., McMurray, C.T., Lee, L.S., Cannon, J.R. 2019.  Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) produces selective dopamine neuron neuropathology in C. elegans. Tox. Sci. 172(2): 417–434, https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfz191

Schmitz, B.W., Innes, G.K., Xue, J., Gerba, C.P., Pepper, I.L., Sherchan, S. 2020. Reduction of erythromycin resistance gene erm (F) and Class 1 integran-intergrase genes in wastewater by Bardenpho treatment. Wat. Environ. Res. 92(7):1042-1050.

Schmitz, B.W., Innes, K.B., Prasek, S.M., Betancourt, W.P., Stark, E.R., Foster, A.R., Abraham, A.G., Gerba, C.P., Pepper, I.L. 2021. Enumerating asymptomatic COVID-19 cases and estimating SARS-CoV-2 fecal shedding rates via wastewater-based epidemiology. Sci. Tot. Environ. In Review.

Sedlacko, E.M, C.E. Jahn, A.L. Heuberger, N.M. Sindt, H.M. Miller, T. Borch, A.C. Blaine, T.Y. Cath, and C.P. Higgins. 2019. Potential for Beneficial Reuse of Oil-and-Gas-Derived Produced Water in Agriculture: Physiological and Morphological Reponses in Spring Wheat (Triticum Aestivum). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 38:1756–1769.

Shawver S, Wepking C, Ishii S, Strickland MSS, Badgley BD. 2021. Application of manure from cattle administered antibiotics has sustained multi-year impacts on soil resistome and microbial community structure. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 157: 108252.

Skousen, J., W. Lee Daniels, and Carl E. Zipper. 2020. Soils on Appalachian coal-mined lands. p. 85-109. In: Carl E. Zipper and Jeff Skousen (ed.) Appalachia’s coal-mined landscapes. Springer. Book chapter

Wang B., Shi H., Habteselassie M. Y., Deng X., Teng Y., Wang Y., Huang Q., 2021, Simultaneous removal of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes from water by electrooxidation on a Magnéli phase Ti4O7 anode. Chemical Engineering Journal, 407, 127134.

Wang L., Lu J., Li L., Wang Y., & Huang, Q., 2020, Effects of chloride on electrochemical degradation of perfluorooctanesulfonate by Magnéli phase Ti4O7 and boron doped diamond anodes. Water Research, 170, 115254.

Wang Y., Shi H., Li C., & Huang Q., 2020, Electrochemical degradation of perfluoroalkyl acids by titanium suboxide anodes. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, 6(1), 144-152.

Wasel, O., Thompson, K.M., Gaob, Y., Godfrey, A.E., Gaob, J., Mahaptra, C., Lee, L.S., Sepúlveda, M.S., Freeman, J.L., Comparison of zebrafish in vitro and in vivo developmental toxicity assessments of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). 2020. J. Toxicol. & Environ. Health A, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2020.1842272

Weeks, J.J., Jr., G.M. Hettiarachchi, E. Santos, and J. Tatarko. 2021. Potential Human Inhalation Exposure to Soil Contaminants in Urban Gardens on Brownfields Sites- A Breath of Fresh Air? J. Environ. Qual. 02/22/21, https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20208.

Wenfeng Wang, Geoff Rhodes, Jing Ge, Xiangyang Yu, and Hui Li, 2020, Uptake and accumulation of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in plants, Chemosphere, 261: 127584.

Wenfeng Wang, Jing Ge, Xiangyang Yu, and Hui Li, 2020, Environmental Fate and Impacts of Microplastics in Soil Ecosystems: Progress and Perspective. The Science of the Total Environment, 708: 134841.

Xiao L., K. Akers, I. Keenum, L. Wind, S. Gupta, C.Q. Chen, R. Aldaihani, A. Pruden, L.Q. Zhang, K. F. Knowlton, K. Xia, and L. S. Heath. 2021. AgroSeek: a system for computational analysis of environmental metagenomic data and associated metadata. BMC Bioinformatics. 22:117.  (https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-021-04035-5).

Xu, B.L., D. Huang, F. Liu, D. Alfaro, Z.J. Lu, C.X. Tang, J. Gan, and J.M. Xu. 2020. Contrasting effects of microplastics on sorption of diazepam and phenanthrene in soil. J. Hazardous Materials doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124312

Yuanbo Li, Jianzhou He, Haonan Qi, Hui Li, Stephen A Boyd, Wei Zhang, 2020, Impact of Biochar Amendment on the Uptake, Fate and Bioavailability of Pharmaceuticals in Soil-Radish Systems. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 398: 122852.

Zhang, Xiaoqin, Elizabeth A. Dayton, Nicholas T. Basta. 2020. Predicting the modifying effect of soils on arsenic phytotoxicity and phytoaccumulation using soil properties or soil extraction methods. Environ. Pollut. 263:1-10

Zhao Ma, Juan Liu, Hui Li, Wei Zhang, Mark Williams, Yanzheng Gao, Fredrick Owino Gudda,

Zohar, I., N.B. Rose, J.A. Ippolito, and I. Litaor. 2020. Phosphorus pools in Al and Fe-based water treatment residuals (WTRs) following mixing with agro-wastewater - a sequential extraction study. Environ. Technol. Innovation. 18:1006454.