Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Objective 1: Examine the effects of phytochemicals and other dietary components on gut microbiota and intestinal function.

The University of California Davis Station tested the hypothesis that diet-induced obesity could be overcome by resistant starch. Resistant starch changed the mouse metabolome and an increase in choline metabolism was seen. Although there was no improvement in weight or insulin resistance, intestinal health was improved in the presence of resistant starch (with high fat diet). Similar observations were made in people. Lactobacillus plantarum is often used as a probiotic and for fermentation of several dietary products. These studies suggest Lactobacillus should be targeted by dietary interventions. The toxic Bacteriocins could be how Lactobacillus impact intestinal health. For example, plantaricin protects human CaCo-2 cells (a model for human small intestine) against disturbance of barrier function which provides protection against absorption of toxins from pathogenic bacteria.

The Colorado State University Station has been examining the working hypothesis that Western diet causes derangements to the gut microbiota, which drives changes in intestinal homeostasis and leads to inflammation contributing to vascular dysfunction. When comparing standard and Western diet in mice, protective microbes such as Bifidobacteria were reduced in the western diet. Using antibiotics to kill the microbiota 687 reduced the effects on vascular dysfunction produced by Western diet. When the microbiome was transplanted from mice exhibiting vascular dysfunction to obese mice the result was vascular dysfunction in the recipients.  A reactive hyperemia index was using to assess the degree of dysfunction in humans. Some bacteria (B. longum, A. muciniphila) were associated with a normal reactive hyperemia index. In a translational study, a new human cohort (normal and obese individuals) was recruited and microbiota transplanted into mice (classified by vascular dysfunction). The mice took on the vascular characteristics of the donors but not their weight. Mice that received transplants from obese donors seem to have better vascular function. Further studies suggest the gut microbiome of obese mice enhances ischemic injury and contributes to cardiovascular risk.

In a separate study by the CSU station, they found dietary interventions with functional foods like blueberries, aronia berries, red beetroot juice, and microgreens altered oral and gut microbiota and the bioavailability of the bioactive compounds in these foods is influenced by gut and oral microbial communities.

The Station at Michigan State University has found sorghum bran can protect against colon cancer and inflammatory bowel disease models. Polyphenol-free diet led to dramatic changes in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. Cooking of cellulose caused a decrease in short chain fatty acids and butyrate while cooking other brans either did not affect the concentration of short chain fatty acids or increased it slightly. Sumac sorghum bran remains the most protective in both raw and cooked forms.

At the University of Minnesota Station nursery pigs were used to study novel metabolic events in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract after food and feed consumption. Rapeseed is a rich source of choline esters, also present in the seeds of Brassicaceae plants (sinapine is a choline ester of sinapic acid, abundant in rapeseed).  Rapeseed diet increased trimethylamine (TMA), the microbial metabolite of choline, in the large intestine and TMA N-oxide (a marker of cardiovascular disease risk) in the liver and serum.

The University of Nebraska Station has been studying the impact of the microbiome and diet on susceptibility to a number of cancers, including colorectal and pancreatic. Dietary components shown to have a major influence on microbial impact and cancer risk include fiber (influences chronic inflammation) and flavonoids.

At the Purdue Station the effects of phytochemicals and other dietary components on gut microbiota and intestinal function has been studied. Examination of twelve carbohydrates (monosaccharides, disaccharides, and trisaccharides) were tested as carbon sources for the growth of Escherichia coli LF82 and Bacteroides fragilis from the human gut microbiome. We found different types of carbohydrate selectively effect the metabolism of gut microbes. These carbohydrates could be produced in the intestines as the bacteria break down more complex polysaccharides. Using the growth information, predictions of which types of dietary components will be beneficial for the microbiota can be made for potential probiotic formulations.

The Utah State University Station (could not attend) has examined dietary strategies to reduce colonic inflammation and promote gut homeostasis thus reducing the risk of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Mice fed Western diets alone had markedly higher colitis and colon tumorigenesis. If mice were fed this same high fat diet, but with 10% black raspberry powder, symptoms of colitis was reduced as well as colon tumor multiplicity and burden. The fecal microbiome profiles in black raspberry diets were distinct; the families Bifidobacteriacea, Streptococcaceae and Turicibacteraceae were markedly altered. 

Objective 2: Identify cellular mechanisms and host molecular targets of beneficial or adverse dietary components that influence human health.

The University of Hawaii Station found coffee, the most widely consumed beverage worldwide, when consumed in moderate amounts (up to 4 cups/day) improved mortality rates as well as metabolic abnormalities in humans. Adipocytokines such as leptin and adiponectin play a critical role in chronic diseases. Current studies are in progress to identify the effect of Hawaii-grown coffee on plasma adipocytokine levels among healthy individuals. 

The University of Minnesota Station has been studying diets containing Scenedesmus and growth performance (5% increased growth whereas 20% decreased growth).  Among common macronutrient-derived blood biochemicals, serum triacylglycerols and cholesterol levels were dramatically decreased by feeding the 20% Scenedesmus diet.  Metabolomic analysis of liver, serum, feces, and urine samples indicated that Scenedesmus feeding greatly affected metabolites associated with amino acids, lipid, purine, microbial metabolism, and the endogenous antioxidant system. Growth promotion was associated with elevated concentrations of antioxidants, an expanded purine nucleotide cycle, and modified microbial metabolism, while growth suppression was correlated to oxidative stress, disrupted urea cycle, upregulated fatty acid oxidation, and an imbalanced lipidome. These correlations suggest the need to define the dietary inclusion rate threshold for using Scenedesmus and other microalgae supplements as feed ingredients.

The University of Nebraska Station has been studying dietary γ-glutamyl peptide (γ-EV) in the prevention of obesity-associated vascular disorders. The biological activity of dietary γ-glutamyl peptide (γ-EV) was assessed using two vascular endothelial cell lines and one adipocyte line. Intervention with γ-EV reduced inflammation in both adipocyte and vascular endothelial cells by activating the calcium sensing-receptor (CaSR). The results from our absorption study with Caco2 cells indicate that γ-EV can be absorbed, probably via Pep-T1 receptor. Our study indicated that γ-EV pretreatment may reduce development of high blood pressure at a dosage of 500 mg/kg BW.

The Station at Oregon State University has been examined the mechanism of altering the pharmacokinetics of the dietary known human carcinogen, benzo[a]pyrene, by the cruciferous vegetable Brussels sprouts or the supplement derived from Brussels sprouts, 3,3’-diindolylmethane (DIM).  These studies can be conducted in humans with de minimus risk as the dose utilized is lower than the average daily exposure.  This is made possible by collaboration with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and their accelerator mass spectrometer that has a sensitivity in the range of attomoles (10^-18) to zeptomoles (10^-21).  The OSU group has developed a UPLC-MS/MS assay to measure DIM and DIM metabolites in urine in individuals taking the dietary supplement.  The impact of DIM or Brussels sprouts on the absorption, metabolism and excretion of benzo[a]pyrene following oral exposure is being determined.

At the Utah State University Station susceptibility and/or resistance to dietary and environmental carcinogens like aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) has been shown to be governed principally by glutathione S transferase (GST)-mediated detoxification. Domesticated turkeys are highly sensitive to AFB₁, whereas wild turkeys are comparatively resistant due to the presence of functional hepatic GSTAs and other possible physiological and immunological interactions. We quantified gene expression following dietary treatment of AFB₁ in susceptible and resistant birds. Significantly altered pathways included FXR/RXR and LXR/RXR activation, coagulation system, prothrombin activation, acute phase response, and atherosclerosis signaling. Differential extra-hepatic expression of acute phase protein genes was confirmed by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) in the original experiment and additional turkey lines. Results demonstrate that wild turkeys possess a capacity to more effectively respond to AFB₁ exposure, but these effects were largely the consequence of GST silencing in domestic turkeys.

The Washington State University Station has been studying how dietary raspberry can impact white adipose tissue through activation of AMPK. Dietary raspberry at 5% was effective in preventing obesity and metabolic dysfunction induced by a high fat diet (HFD). HFD inhibited AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of energy metabolism. Raspberry supplementation activated AMPK, and formation of brown/beige adipocytes. AMPK knockout mice were employed to show that beneficial effects of raspberry in obesity and metabolic symptoms were AMPK-dependent in mediating browning of white adipose tissue and preventing obesity. Thus raspberry consumption is protective against obesity and metabolic dysfunction associated with consumption of common high energy western diet, and AMPK is a critical mediator for the beneficial effects of raspberry through inducing WAT browning.

Objective 3: Explore the interaction between dietary components and the host metabolome and epigenome.  Note: A number of stations conducted research on the impact of dietary components on the metabolome and microbiome (Objectives 1 and 2) and the interaction between the two.  For the sake of brevity those summaries won’t be repeated here.

The Michigan State University Station Sumac and Black sorghum brans are able to reduce the formation of preneoplastic lesions of colon cancer, relative to a white sorghum bran.  These observations suggest that the polyphenols in Sumac and Black brans may be responsible for the protection, however cooking can reduce polyphenols present in Black and Sumac sorghum brans. To study this further raw and cooked Burgundy, Black, Onyx and Sumac sorghum brans in diets were fed to rats treated with a carcinogen 3 weeks after they began consuming the experimental diets.   Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were affected by the type of diet consumed.  Cooking had the greatest impact on SCFA produced from the control diet.  Our data suggest that including cooked sorghum brans (especially those from Sumac sorghums) should reduce the formation of preneoplastic lesions of colon cancer.

The Utah State University Station has been examining the impact of diet on multi-generation susceptibility to cancer as influenced by the effects of total Western diet on the epigenome.  Mice were bred for three generations, during which they were fed a standard diet (AIN93G) for all generations or the total Western diet for rodents (TWD) during only the F0 generation (ancestral), the F0 through F3 generations (multi-generation), or only the F₃ generation (direct).  Colon cancer was initiated in the F3 generation and colon mucosa RNA examined for differential expression of genes (DEG). Interestingly, the DEGs were associated with defense response, immune response, and response to interferon biological process ontology terms. Exposure to the Western diet over multiple generations caused significant DEGs related to immune response in the third generation offspring.  Epigenetic alterations as assessed by DNA methylation is ongoing.

In this same study, green tea polyphenols, known to decrease body fat composition, reverse insulin resistance, reduce cardiovascular disease risk, protect against pathogenic bacteria, improve brain function, increase lifespan, and suppress inflammatory processes that contribute to carcinogenesis, were tested as multi-generational chemoprevention agents. Multi-generational exposure to green tea decreased terminal body weight and relative fat mass in F₃ females directly exposed to Western diet and decreased tumor multiplicity and burden in both sexes as well as relative spleen mass in females (p=0.0083).  Our results suggest that green tea can reduce colon cancer severity only after cumulative exposure to high-fat Western diets over multiple generations.

Objective 4: Determine how food processing influences chemical composition to affect human health.

The University of Hawaii Station has been studying how the eco-environmental differences in geographical regions impact the flavor of cacao. Consumption of polyphenols found in Hawaiian cacao are associated with beneficial/protective effects in susceptibility to metabolic disorders including type II diabetes.  There are four main varieties of the cacao plant and the environment, genetic variation and preparation of the beans and the cacao liquor determine flavor and functional properties (as assessed by metabolomics and lipidomics). These include primary and secondary cacao metabolites. The study still needs to explore how different microbiomes affect the fermentation process. Determining which microbes are present in the natural environment and what functions they are playing is also important.

The University of Illinois Station has been studying how multiple uses of frying oil (thermally abused frying oil can impact late-stage breast cancer metastasis. The thermally abused frying oil increased metastasis from breast to lung. In another animal study, when the animals were fed with lard, lard + inhibitor, bacon, or bacon + inhibitor, the bacon-exposed animals showed increased tumors in lungs.

The Station at New Mexico State University is working on how food bioengineering technology can enhance quality and yield of agroindustrial products.  Recently, this Station has studied the utilization of agro-industrial by-products as an alternative source of plant protein. Glandless cottonseed meal (GCSM), which has a high protein content, was extruded to obtain aquaculture feed. Tissue analysis of amino acid profiles and fatty acid profiles in shrimp after administration of the GCSM feed showed it to be a superior product, having a higher amount of amino acids and a higher amount of fatty acids across all the diets tested.  GCSM has also exhibited physicochemical characteristics, in vitro and in vivo that are superior when compared to the commercial diet at a fraction of the price for production. Glandless cottonseed meal has the potential not only to feed shrimp but other aquaculture species, however, further research needs to be done to expand its uses as a protein source in feeds.

In another study, Jujubes (Ziziphus jujube) has been shown to have a high content of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that can be used as food additives. NMSU has studied the effect of coating materials on the microencapsulation efficiency of phenolic compounds extracted from jujube fruit. Microencapsulation of phenolic compounds of jujube was performed, measuring total phenolic content and antioxidant activity at the time of extraction, and after microencapsulation with maltodextrins and gum arabic or glandless cottonseed meal protein as coating materials at different ratios. Jujube has a considerable yield of phenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity that are not stable in solution. Therefore microencapsulation must be done the same day of extraction.

Bates, M.A, Akbari, P., Gilley, K.N, Jackson-Humbles, D.N, Wagner, J.G, Li, N., Kopec, A.K, Wierenga, K.M, Brandenberger, C., Holian, A., Benninghoff, A., Harkema, J.R, Pestka, J.J, (2018). Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid Prevents Silica-Induced Development of Pulmonary Ectopic Germinal Centers and Glomerulonephritis in the Lupus-Prone NZBWF1 Mouse. Frontiers in Immunology, 9, article 2002.

Bates, M.A, Benninghoff, A., Gilley, K.N, Holian, A., Harkema, J.R, Pestka, J.J, (2019). Mapping of Dynamic Transcriptome Changes Associated with Silica-Triggered Autoimmune Pathogenesis in the Lupus-Prone NZBWF1 Mouse. Frontiers in Immunology, doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00632.

Battson ML, Lee DM, Li Puma LC, Ecton KE, Thomas KN, Febvre HP, Chicco AJ, Weir TL, Gentile CL. Gut microbiota regulates cardiac ischemic tolerance and aortic stiffness in obesity. American Journal of Physiology – Heart and Circulatory Physiology – in press.

Battson ML, Lee DM, Weir TL, Gentile CG (2018) The gut microbiota as a novel regulator of cardiovascular function and disease. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 56:1-15.

Brunt VE, Gioscia-Ryan RA, Richey JJ, Zigler MC, Cuevas LM, Gonzalez A, Vazquez-Baeza Y, Battson ML, Smithson AT, Gilley AD, Ackermann G, Neilson AP, Weir TL, Davy KP, Knight RL, Seals DR. (2019) Suppression of the gut microbiome ameliorates ate-related arterial dysfunction and oxidative stress in mice. J Physiol 597:2361-2378

Buckley, M.R., Terry, P.D., Kirkpatrick, S.S., Arnold, J.D., McNally, M.M., Grandas, O.H., Freeman, M.B., Goldman, M.H., Whelan, J., Mountain, D.J.H. (2019) Dietary Supplementation with Zyflamend Poly-Herbal Extracts and Fish Oil Inhibit Intimal Hyperplasia Development Following Vascular Intervention. Nutr. Res. 68:34-44.

Cam A., Oyirifi, A.B., Liu, Y., Haschek, W.M., Iwaniec, U.T., Turner, R.T., Engeseth, N.J. and Helferich, W.G. (2019) Thermally abused frying oil potentiates metastasis to lung in murine model of late-stage breast cancer. Cancer Prev. Res. 12:201-210.

Chen D, Cheng Y, Peng P, Liu J, Wang Y, Ma Y, Anderson E, Chen C, Chen P, Ruan R. (2019) Effects of intense pulsed light on Cronobacter sakazakii and Salmonella surrogate Enterococcus faecium inoculated in different powdered foods. Food Chem. 296:23-28.

Chen H, Peng L, Pérez de Nanclares M, Trudeau MP, Yao D, Cheng Z, Urriola PE, Mydland LT, Shurson GC, Overland M, Chen C. (2019) Identification of Sinapine-Derived Choline from a Rapeseed Diet as a Source of Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Pigs. J Agric Food Chem. 67:7748.

 Chen D, Peng P, Zhou N, Cheng Y, Min M, Ma Y, Mao Q, Chen P, Chen C, Ruan R. (2019) Evaluation of Cronobacter sakazakii inactivation and physicochemical property changes of non-fat dry milk powder by cold atmospheric plasma. Food Chem. 290:270-276.

Chimimba, J., Pratt, R., Cuellar, M, Delgado, E. (2019) Quality parameters of Masa and Tortillas Produced from Blue Maize (Zea mays sp. mays) Landraces. Journal of Food Science, 84: 213-223.

Cox-York KC, Stoecker E, Hamm AK, Weir TL (2019) Chapter 15: Microbial Metabolites in Cancer Promotion or Prevention. pp. 317-346. In: Microbiome and Cancer (ed. Robertson ES). Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland.

Cuj-Laines, R., Hernández-Santos, B., Reyes-Jaquez, D., Delgado, E., Juarez-Barrientos, J.M., Rodriguez-Miranda, J. (2018) Physicochemical properties of ready-to-eat extruded nixtamalized maize based snacks enriched with grasshopper. International Journal of Food Science & Technology. 53:1889-1895.  

Delgado, E., Valverde-Quiroz, L., Lopez D., Cooke P., Valles-Rosales D., Flores, N. (2019) Characterization of Soluble Glandless Cottonseed Meal Proteins Based on Electrophoresis, Functional Properties and Microscopic Structure. Journal of Food Science. Accepted for publication on July, 2019.

Erika del Castillo, Richard Meier, Mei Chung, Devin C. Koestler, Tsute Chen, Bruce J. Paster, Kevin P. Charpentier, Karl T. Kelsey, Jacques Izard, and Dominique S. Michaud.  (2019) The Microbiomes of Pancreatic and Duodenum Tissue Overlap and are Highly Subject Specific but Differ between Pancreatic Cancer and Non-Cancer Subjects Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 28(2):370-383.

Febvre HP, Rao S, Gindin M, Goodwin NM, Vivanco JS, Manter DK, Wallace TC, Weir TL. (2019) PHAGE: Effects of bacteriophage consumption on gut microbiota, inflammation, and lipid metabolism. Nutrients 11:666.

Fiecke C, Kurzer M, Chen C, Csallany A. (2019) The in Vivo Antioxidant Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Consumption in Healthy Postmenopausal Women Measured by Urinary Excretion of Secondary Lipid Peroxidation Products. Food and Nutrition Sciences. 10:15-27.

Gentile CG and Weir TL (2018) The gut microbiota at the intersection of diet and health. Science 362:776-780.

Gindin M, Febvre HP, Rao S, Wallace TC, Weir TL. (2018) Bacteriophage for Gastrointestinal Health (PHAGE) Study: Evaluating the Safety and Tolerability of Supplemental Bacteriophage Consumption. Journal of the American College of Nutrition.  Doi: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1483783.

Guha, S., Majumder, K. (2019). Structural-features of Food-derived Bioactive Peptides with Anti-inflammatory Activity: A Brief Review. Journal of Food Biochemistry. 43:e12531.

Hamm AK and Weir TL (2019) Spent hops as a source of novel prenylflavonoids for human health. Acta Horticulturae 1236:75-84.

Havird JC, Noe GR, Link L, Torres A, Sloan DB, Chicco AJ.  (2019) Do angiosperms with highly divergent mitochondrial genomes have altered mitochondrial function? Mitochondrion 49:1-11.

Hintze, K.J, Benninghoff, A., Cho, C.E, Ward, R.E, (2018). Modeling the Western diet for pre-clinical investigations. Advances in Nutrition, 9:263-271.

Jeon AB, Ackart DF, Li W, Jackson M, Melander RJ, Melander C, Abramovitch RB, Chicco AJ, Basaraba RJ, Obregón-Henao A. (2019) 2-aminoimidazoles collapse mycobacterial proton motive force and block the electron transport chain. Sci. Rep. 9(1):1513.

Kerry L Ivey, Andrew T Chan, Jacques Izard, Aedin Cassidy, Geraint B Rogers and Eric B Rimm. (2019) Role of dietary flavonoid compounds in driving patterns of microbial community assembly mBio. 10(5): e01205-19.

Kim, E., G.A. Wright, R.S. Zoh, B.S. Patil, G.K. Jayaprakasha, E.S. Callaway, I. Ivanov, N.D. Turner, R.S. Chapkin.  (2019)  Establishment of a multi-component dietary bioactive human equivalent dose to delete damaged Lgr5+ stem cells using a mouse colon tumor initiation model.  European Journal of Cancer Prevention 28:383-389.

Kundu, P., Korol, D.L., Bandara, S., Monaikul, S., Ondera, C.E., Helferich, W.G., Khan, I.A., Doerge, D.R. and Schantz, S.L. (2018) Licorice root components mimic estrogens in an object location task but not an object recognition task. Hormones and Behavior 103:97-106.

Kundu, P., Patel, S., Meling, D.D., Deal, K., Gao, L., Helferich, W.G. and Flaws, J.A. (2018) The effects of dietary levels of genistein on ovarian follicle number and gene expression. Reprod. Toxicol. 81:132-139.

Lee DM, Battson ML, Jarrell DK, Hou S, Ecton KE, Weir TL, Gentile CG (2018) SGLT2 inhibition via dapagliflozin improves generalized vascular dysfunction and alters the intestinal microbiota in type II diabetic mice. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 17:62.

Ma Y, Zhou W, Chen P, Urriola PE, Shurson GC, Ruan R, Chen C. (2019) Metabolomic Evaluation of Scenedesmus sp. as a Feed Ingredient Revealed Dose-Dependent Effects on Redox Balance, Intermediary and Microbial Metabolism in a Mouse Model. Nutrients 11:E1971.

 Madeen, E., Siddens, L.K., Uesugi, S., McQuistan, T., Corley, R.C., Smith, J., Waters, K.M., Tilton, S.C., Anderson, K.A., Ognibene, T., Turteltaub, K. and Williams, D.E. (2019) Toxicokinetics of Benzo[a]pyrene in Humans: Extensive Metabolism as Determined by UPLC-Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Following Oral Micro-Dosing. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacology, 364:97-105.

Mine, Y., Jin., Y., Zhang, H., Majumder, K., Zeng, Y., Sakurai, T., Taniguchi, Y., Takagaki, R., Watanabe, H., Mitsuzumi, H. (2019). Therapeutic Effects of Isomaltodextrin in a BALB/c Mouse Model of Egg Allergy. Journal of Functional Foods. 55:305-311.

L.F. de Sousa Moraes, X. Sun, M. C. G. Peluzio, and M. J. Zhu. (2019). Anthocyanins /anthocyanidins and colorectal cancer: what is behind the scenes? Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 59: 59-71.

Neil ES, McGinley JN, Fitzgerald VK, Lauck CA, Tabke JA, Streeter-McDonald MR, Broeckling CD, Weir TL, Foster MT, Thompson HJ. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) consumption reduces fat accumulation in a polygenic mouse model of obesity. Nutrients (in press).

Nerurkar PV, Orias D, Soares N, Kumar M, Nerurkar VR. (2019) Momordica charantia (bitter melon) modulates adipose tissue inflammasome gene expression and adipose-gut inflammatory crosstalk in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. J Nutr Biochem. 68:16-32.

Obeidat Y, Cheng M-H, Catandi G, Carnevale E, Chicco AJ, Chen T. (2019) Design of A Multi-Sensor Platform for Integrating Extracellular Acidification Rate with Multi-Metabolite Flux Measurement for Small Biological Samples. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 15;133:39-47

Obeidat Y, Catandi GD, Carnevale EC, Chicco AJ, DeMann A, Field S, Chen T. (2018) A Multi-Sensor System for Measuring Bovine Embryo Metabolism. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 126:615-623.

Pennington ER, Sullivan EM, Fix A, Dadooc S, Zeczycki T, DeSantis A, Schlattner U, Chicco AJ, Brown DA, Shaik SR. (2018) Proteolipid domains form in biomimetic and cardiac mitochondrial vesicles and are regulated by cardiolipin concentration but not monolyso-cardiolipin. J Biol Chem 293(41):15933-15946.

Popova, M., Soboleva, T., Ayad, S., Benninghoff, A., Berreau, L., (2018). A Visible Light-activated Quinolone Carbon Monoxide-releasing Molecule: Prodrug and Albumin-assisted Delivery Enable Anti-cancer and Potent Anti-inflammatory Effects. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 140:9721–9729.

Reed, K.M., Mendoza, K.M., and Coulombe, R.A. (2019) Altered Gene Response to Aflatoxin B₁ in the Spleens of Susceptible and Resistant Turkeys. Toxins Apr 28;11(5). doi: 10.3390/toxins11050242.

Reed, K.M., Mendoza, K.M., and Coulombe, R.A. (2019) Differential Transcriptome Responses to Aflatoxin B₁ in the Cecal Tonsil of Susceptible and Resistant Turkeys. Toxins 11:1-19.

Reed, K.M., Mendoza, K.M., Abrahnte, Juan and Coulombe, R.A. (2018) Comparative Response of the Hepatic Transcriptomes of Domesticated and Wild Turkey to Aflatoxin B₁. Toxins 10:1-24.

Rodriguez, D., Benninghoff, A., Aardema, N., Phatak, S., Hintze, K.J, (2019). Basal Diet Determined Long-Term Composition of the Gut Microbiome and Mouse Phenotype to a Greater Extent than Fecal Microbiome Transfer from Lean or Obese Human Donors. Nutrients. 11:1630.

Shah MS​, DeSantis TZ, Yamal JM, Weir TL,  Ryan EP,  Cope JL, Hollister EB. (2018) Re-purposing 16S rRNA gene sequence data for within-case paired tumor, tumor-adjacent biopsy, and fecal samples to identify reproducible microbial markers for colorectal cancer. PLoS One https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207002.

Soboleva, T., Esquer, H.J, Anderson, S.N, Berreau, L., Benninghoff, A., (2018). Mitochondrial-Localized Versus Cytosolic Intracellular CO-Releasing Organic PhotoCORMs: Evaluation of CO Effects Using Bioenergetics. ACS Chemical Biology, doi: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00387.

Soderborg TK, Mulligan CE, Clark SE. Babcock L, Janssen RC, Lemas DL, Johnson LK, Frank DN, Weir TL, Barbour LA, Hernandez TL, Kuhn KA, D’Alessandro A, El Kasim KC, Friedman JE (2018) The Gut Microbiota in Infants of Obese Mothers Increases Hepatic Inflammation and Susceptibility to Obesity and NAFLD in Germ-free Mice. Nature Communications 9:4462.

Song, H., Hughes, J.R., Turner, R.T., Iwaniec, U.T., Doerge, D.R. and Helferich, W.G. (2019) (±)-Equol does not interact with genistein on estrogen-dependent breast tumor growth. Food Chem. Toxicol. 28:110970.

Stull VJ, Finer E, Bergmans RS, Febvre HP, Longhurst C, Manter DK, Patz J, Weir TL. (2018) Impact of Edible Cricket Consumption and Gut Microbiota in Healthy Adults, a Double-blind Crossover Trial. Scientific Reports 8, 10762

Wang, H., S. Zhang, Q. Shen, and M. J. Zhu. (2019) A metabolome explanation on beneficial effects of dietary Goji on intestine inflammation. Journal of Functional Food, 53:109-114.

Xing, T., Y. Kang, X. Xu, B. Wang, M. Du, and M. J. Zhu. (2018). Raspberry supplementation improves insulin signaling and promotes brown-like adipocyte development in white adipose tissue of obese mice. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. 62:1701035.

Xing, L., Zhang, H., Majumder, K., Zhang, W., Mine, Y. (2019). γ‑Glutamylvaline Prevents Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation via Activation of a Calcium-Sensing Receptor Pathway in 3T3-L1 Mouse Adipocytes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 67 (30):8361-8369.

 Xue, Y., M. Du, and M. J. Zhu. (2019). Raspberry extract prevents Escherichia coli O157:H7-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Journal of Functional Food. 56: 224-231.

Xue, Y., M. Du, and M. J. Zhu. (2019). Quercetin prevents Escherichia coli O157:H7 adhesion to epithelial cells by suppressing focal adhesions. Frontier in Microbiology. 9: 3278.

Yu, L., Wang, L., Mao, C., Duraki, D., Kim, J.E., Huang, R., Helferich, W.G., Nelson, D.R., Park, B.H. and Shapiro, D.J. (2019) Estrogen-independent Myc overexpression confers endocrine therapy resistance on breast cancer cells expressing ERαY537S and ERαD538G mutations. Cancer Lett. 442:373-382.

Zhang, Z. Garzotto, M., Davis, E.W. II, Mori, M., Stoller, W.A., Farris, P.E., Wong, C.P., Beaver, L.M., Thomas, G.V., Williams, D.E., Dashwood, R.H., Hendrix, D.A., Ho, E. and Shannon, J. (2019) Sulforaphane bioavailability and chemopreventive activity in men presenting for biopsy of the prostate gland: a randomized control trial. Nutr. Cancer Jun 1:1-14.

Zhang, S, Wang, H., and M. J. Zhu. (2019). A sensitive GC/MS detection method for analyzing microbial metabolites short chain fatty acids in fecal and serum samples. Talanta,196: 249-254.

Zhao, L., B. Wang, N. Gomez, J. Deavila, M. J. Zhu, and M. Du. (2019). Even a low dose of tamoxifen profoundly induces adipose tissue browning in female mice. International Journal of Obesity, in press.

Zhou Y, Zhang N, Arikawa AY, Chen C. (2019) Inhibitory Effects of Green Tea Polyphenols on Microbial Metabolism of Aromatic Amino Acids in Humans Revealed by Metabolomic Analysis. Metabolites 9:96.

Zhu, M.J., Kang, Y., Xue, Y., Liang, X., Garcia, M.P.G., Rodgers, D., Kagel, D.R., Du, M. (2018) Red raspberries suppress NLRP3 inflammasome and attenuate metabolic abnormalities in diet-induced obese mice. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 53, 96-103.

Zou, T., Wang, B., Yang, Q., de Avila, J.M., Zhu, M.J., You, J., Chen, D., Du, M. (2018) Raspberry promotes brown and beige adipocyte development in mice fed high-fat diet through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) alpha1. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 55, 157-164.