Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

See attached minutes.

CA: Researchers completed work on slow sand filters coupled with vegetated filters in removing Phytophthora from captured runoff.  Data analyses is underway to determine if the pairing of these filters is more efficacious than stand-alone slow sand filters.  Preliminary results indicate that coupling these filter systems may result in more complete removal of the pathogen from runoff.

CA: Researchers have completed experiments at a nursery measuring the fate of nitrogen from fertilizers estimating the fluxes of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O.  Data analyses are still being conducted but preliminary assessments show that addressing N₂O emissions should be a priority in greenhouse gas mitigation in nurseries.  Greenhouse experiments are being conducted on the interaction of media volumetric water content and NO₃^- and N₂O flux.

CT: Researchers completed microbiome characterization of water sources and surfaces with biofilm that results on clogging of irrigation systems. Evaluated the effect of three levels of organic and inorganic particles on clogging of irrigation systems.

FL: Adoption of granular activated carbon filters for pesticide removal by a large commercial-scale grower in North Carolina.

MA: The University of Massachusetts completed an online survey to determine the greatest challenges and needs of the green industry in Massachusetts. The survey was completed by 474 respondents. Greatest industry concerns were reported to be extreme weather events, drought, and qualified personnel. Results related to this project include the need for more research and fact based publications on irrigation management during drought, sustainable landscape practices, and watering instructions that can be shared with the public.

MD: A primary focus of our irrigation research is to better relate substrate volumetric water content (VWC) to plant-available water (matric potential, MP), so growers can better establish irrigation thresholds, increase the precision of irrigation applications, and maintain growth rates by avoiding water stress. In experiments with Chrysanthemum and Poinsettia, a comparison of peat-based and wood-fiber substrates revealed few differences in available water and plant growth between substrates. However, reductions in substrate moisture below 25% VWC resulted in MP lower than -50 kPa, with increasing levels of potential water stress in both substrates.

MI: Bioreactor experiments demonstrated that a rapid hydraulic retention time (21 minutes) was effective at reducing bifenthrin (by 49-63%), chlorpyrifos (by 73-76%) and oxyfluorfen (by 25-30%) concentrations in simulated runoff without reducing nutrient (NO₃ and PO₄) concentration.

MI: Conventional overhead irrigation was compared to sensor-controlled overhead and spray stake irrigation to determine effects on plant growth and pesticide carried in water via runoff and infiltration below the nursery surface. Water volume applied was reduced by 60% and 80% for sensor-controlled overhead and spray stake irrigation, respectively, compared to conventional overhead irrigation. Runoff was reduced or eliminated with the sensor-controlled overhead (reduced by 53%) and spray stake (reduced by 78%) irrigation while infiltration was greater for both, 166% and 139%, respectively. However, combined water loss from both sources was reduced for sensor-controlled overhead (reduced by 32%) and spray stake (reduced by 57%) irrigation. In general, pesticide movement was reduced or eliminated in runoff water for both treatments since it rarely occurred. Pesticide movement was reduced more for spray stake irrigation (reduced by 72-99% compared to conventional overhead), than sensor-controlled overhead (reduced by 2-48% compared to conventional overhead).

NC: NC State measured plant growth of five common flowering shrubs that received either high pH, low alkalinity irrigation water (pH 7.0-9.0; total alkalinity

NJ: Rutgers University carried out a study that evaluated laundry graywater for irrigation on container-grown ornamental plants. The treatments contrasted a graywater effluent made from a conventional fabric detergent versus several plant-based, biodegradable fabric detergents. The graywater effluents from plant-based detergents were found to have reduced (by almost 50%) concentrations of surfactants compared to the conventional detergent. A preliminary evaluation of plant growth and aesthetic responses found that graywater effluents derived from plant-based detergents were similar to those of control plants irrigated with good quality well-water. Chemical analyses of graywater effluents, leachates and plant tissues are being conducted to assess plant accumulation of sodium, chloride and boron, as these mineral elements are constitutive ingredients (often in high concentrations) in both conventional and bio-degradable laundry detergents. Results from this and previous studies point out the need to carefully evaluate the chemical constitution of graywater effluents to determine their suitability as an alternative irrigation water source for ornamental plants.  (NC-1186 project area 1)

NJ: A series of integrative nutrient diagnosis studies are being conducted in intensively managed rose crops to help improve overall fertilizer use efficiency. An experiment originally aimed at optimizing applied nitrogen concentrations in fertigation solutions was side-tracked, as the ammonium to nitrate ratios used in the experiments significantly affected soil solution pH and the availability of micronutrients, particularly manganese and its relationship with iron, both in soil solution and their accumulation in plant leaf tissues. Growers are advised to continuously assess soil solution pH and nutrient availability as to promptly correct fertilization programs and avoid undesirable reduction on flower yield and quality. (NC-1186 project area 4)

OR: The Nackley Lab at Oregon State University (OSU) established a field experiment, with commercial grower cooperators, to evaluate the impact of continuous measurement of soil moisture using soil moisture. The project compares the consistency, accuracy, and reliability of commercially available soil moisture sensors for irrigated field nursery production. Additionally, the Nackley Lab has continued a partnership with University of Idaho (UI) researchers to investigate the potential for quantifying evapotranspiration (ET) at plot level (e.g., 10 m2) resolution to inform irrigation schedules in container-yard nursery product systems. This year we modified our weather station by adding additional plant-level, and subsurface sensors. Our hypothesis is that these additional sensors will improve our ability to measure plot level energy flux, which will, in turn, improve our ability to determine when to irrigate the potted plants.

OR: The Nackley Lab collaborates with OSU county Extension agents to evaluate the cold hardiness of new Mediterranean plant varieties. Last year, the varieties were collected in Europe and brought to Oregon and established in a greenhouse. During this reporting period, we propagated the plant varieties and are growing them to large enough sizes to be planted in our field trial this Fall 2019. The varieties included in our trial are species and cultivars of broadleaved evergreen groundcovers. Four replications of each taxon will be planted in a completely randomized design. The data to be collected are growth, aesthetics, weed suppression, winter injury, disease, and pest incidence, and flowering. The evaluation will be ongoing and results shared with growers after plot establishment through field tours, online, and with research and extension publications.

OR: The Nackley Lab, as part of a multi-state collaboration, researches the impact that sensor-guided spray systems may have on reducing the total volume of pesticide application in horticultural production systems. During this reporting period, our team has partnered with research collaborators at the University of Tennessee to investigate how pesticide spray volume is affected by the interaction of plant growth stage (i.e., phenology) and laser-guided spray systems. We hypothesize that laser-guided spray systems will be more efficient at applying pesticide sprays during early season growth stages when plant canopies are comparatively less than during later season growth stages. Our research into laser-guided spray systems also investigates the interaction be tractor speed and pesticide spray applications.

SC: Researchers from Clemson University collected water samples from 30 nursery and greenhouse operations in the Piedmont, Sandhills, and Coastal Plain regions of South Carolina in the Spring, Summer and Fall.  Water samples were analyzed. Results were submitted to each grower as a report detailing potential water quality issues and methods for ameliorating and managing problems.  Growers have modified water application practices and initiated water treatment practices as a result of the information provided. 

SC: Researchers from Clemson University conducted experiments to determine if iron-oxide residuals from mine drainage can be used in filters to remove phosphorus from irrigation runoff.  Pilot-scale experiments were concluded.  Iron oxide filters consistently removed 50% of dissolved P from irrigation runoff.  Researchers have initiated experiments incorporating varying percentages of P-saturated iron oxide into bark substrate mixes to determine potential for reuse of P bound by the iron oxide filters.

SC: Researchers from Clemson University analyzed and published results from experiments with floating treatment wetlands to determine their potential for remediation of nutrients and pathogen contaminants from nursery production runoff. Floating treatment wetlands established with Pontederia cordata have the potential to both remove nutrients from runoff and to filter Phytophthora inocula from water, diminishing infections potential in recycled water.

TN: Using an automated leaching fraction-based irrigation system and amending pine bark substrate with 35% coir, a grower reduced water use 62% while maintaining their normal quality standard.

VA: Researchers from Virginia Tech completed and published a comprehensive review of physical properties and hydrology of pine bark used for container production in the eastern US comparing aged and fresh bark amended with or without sand. This data will provide a benchmark for expected parameters and acceptable deviation from the reported norm. 

OUTPUTS

KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER TO STAKEHOLDERS:

CA: Four grower tools were developed to calculate 1) the size of a slow sand filter needed, 2) the application uniformity of an irrigation system, 3) the leaching fraction calculator, and 4) a runoff estimator/pond refill calculator. The slow sand filter tool determines the proper size of a slow sand filter to remove water borne pathogens from captured runoff to prepare it for reuse as irrigation.  The Irrigation uniformity tool determines the coefficient of uniformity of an irrigation system to determine if it is performing properly and to calculate irrigation run time.  Calculating the leaching fraction of an irrigation is used to manage salinity in container media. The runoff calculator estimates the volume of runoff that would be generated from an irrigation event or storm to aid in managing ponds and small water reservoirs. Pitton, B.J.L., L.R. Oki, J.C. Majsztrik, S. Kumar. 2018. Leaching Fraction Calculator.   Pitton, B.J.L., L.R. Oki, J.C. Majsztrik, S. Kumar. 2018. Slow Sand Filter Sizing Calculator. J.C. Majsztrik, S. Kumar, B.J.L. Pitton, L.R. Oki. 2018. Irrigation Coefficient of Uniformity Calculator. Majsztrik, J.C., B.J.L. Pitton, S. Kumar. 2018. Runoff Estimator/Pond Refill Calculator.

CT: Coordinated two workshops and one conference, reaching 663 individuals of which >73% indicated increase in knowledge or intention to change practices. Published 10 articles in trade magazines. Delivered 10 presentations to greenhouse and nursery growers on irrigation water-related issues.

FL: Seven online professional development courses were delivered (hort.ifas.ufl.edu/training/) to 651 participants (up 67% from previous year), This has included two nutrient management courses, and a new water quality and treatment (multi-state led by UF).

MA: 6 presentations to industry groups, 405 participants

MD: 7 invited presentations to industry groups

MI: 6 refereed journal publications,1 conference proceeding, 8 abstracts/presentations to scientific audiences, 6 presentations to industry groups, 2 webinars

NC: Over 200 cooperative extension agents, growers and landscapers increased their knowledge, skills, and attitudes approximately one point on a five point Likert type scale after receiving training for source water quality and irrigation uniformity in the nursery and landscape. 

NJ: 8 invited presentations to industry groups

OR: The Nackley lab, organized and moderated a meeting for “Shade-Tree” growers at NWREC. Dr. Nackley presented nutrient and irrigation management strategies.

OR: Nackley lab presented at the Far West show on a recent project that evaluated the performance, consistency, accuracy, and affordability of commercially available soil moisture sensors deployed in field and container nursery systems and on research about sensor guided pesticide spray systems.

TN: 1 extension publication and 1 multi-state extension publication

VA: NC1186 team members provided a comprehensive technology transfer publication for which growers can use leaching fraction to schedule irrigation or manage salt accumulation in soilless substrates. 

ONLINE RESOURCES:
CT & FL: Developed WaterQual- an online water tool to assist grower interpret water tests.

FL: www.watereducationalliance.org / CleanWateR3.org launched in 2008. (6.9K users in 2018, and 10.7K video views on youtube channel in 2018).

FL:  Back Pocket Grower mobile floriculture training website (http://backpocketgrower.org, 3.7K users in 2018, 2.7K video views on youtube channel in 2018.

NC: Nurserycropscience.info.  The Nursery Crop Science website is an outreach project of the Department of Horticultural Science at NC State University and is dedicated to providing current information for Extension field faculty, students, researchers, and growers of commercial horticultural products.  Between October 2018 and September 2019, the site has had 1,197 new users that viewed over 8,357 pages and increased their knowledge of water use in nursery production. 

TN: The Advanced Tennessee Master Nursery Producer program was launched.  It contains an Advanced Irrigation and Water Use module.

ACTIVITIES

CA: Research continues on the determination of water use of landscape plants. Information that is generated from these studies is used to inform growers, landscape architects and designers, and irrigation managers of the water needs of these plants to maximize irrigation efficiency. This project takes place on the UC Davis campus and grants were received to expand the studies to the UC South Coast Research and Extension Center in Irvine, CA that enables the comparison of result in two climates, on two soils types and different qualities of water since recycled water is used for irrigation in Southern California. This project also verifies the resistance to fireblight of three Cotoneaster genotypes that were selected by Dr. Ryan Contreras at Oregon State University for resistance to this disease.

CT: The University of Connecticut continues studying the clogging factors – identifying clogging thresholds and management. We are also studying the microbiome of water sources, recirculated water, and biofilm.  We will start a new project on estimating the water footprint of greenhouse crops.

FL: Research trials in water treatment (biofilm management and particle filtration), automation, 3D imaging of root growth, wood fiber substrates, fertilization strategies for consumer performance, and economic analysis of greenhouse operations.

LA: Researchers from the LSU AgCenter have initiated research on a multistate project (with Virginia Polytechnic Institute and USDA-ARS) on stratification of soilless substrates within a container system. A simulated nursery area has been constructed at the Hammond Research Station which is currently being used to investigate methods to stacking substrates within a container in an effort to reduce water and fertilizer requirement in wholesale nursery production. The short-term outcome involves identifying if the idea of stacking substrates can be beneficial to the nursery industry. If beneficial, this can be adopted by nursery industry across the US to increase resource efficiency. Long-term outputs would be further investigation into specifics of substrate hydraulic properties associated with stratified substrates.

LA: Researchers from Louisiana State University, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, USDA-ARS, and University of Florida developed a project to work with nursery growers in Oregon on soilless substrate stratification. This was conducted at two nurseries and combined three research topics, including using stratified substrates to reduce fertilizer load, reduce weed pressure, and reduce production time. The goal will be to allow west coast nursery producers, who utilize Douglas fir bark as a primary substrate media to increase fertilizer efficiency through stacking substrates as well as identify if weed pressure can be suppressed through stacking substrates within the container.

MA: Research at UMass continues on the use of wetting agents and soil additives to improve the  water holding capacity of container grown plants. Current studies are evaluating the use of organic products, the impact of different substrate types on effectiveness, the impact of fiber containers on effectiveness, and the impact of additivities on time to dry down. Additional research is looking at the use of these additivities post-production to improve plant quality in  retail setting. 

MA: Research at UMass is looking at the impact of reduced fertilizer and irrigation applications on floral development of pollinator plants. Past research has shown that reduced irrigation can impact flowering for some species. This research is looking specifically at popular pollinator species.

MD:  Additional studies investigating the effects of reduced substrate MP on pathogen survival were done in collaboration with a pathology team at UC-Davis (Drs. Johanna del Castillo and Cassandra Swett). When poinsettias were inoculated with P. aphanidermatum in controlled greenhouse experiments, plant health and pathogen infection incidence were unchanged when substrate volumetric water content (VWC) was reduced from 45% to 35% These studies indicate that irrigation inputs can be decreased by an estimated 23.2% in the commercial greenhouse without affecting Pythium root rot. Below a minimum irrigation threshold (25% VWC), plant-pathogen dynamics may be altered to favor root disease development. Two papers have been published or accepted in 2019.

MD: Runoff studies were implemented in spring, 2018 at Catoctin Mountain Growers, to quantify the concentration of Paclobutrazol runoff from production areas into interior flood recycling tanks, the exterior containment pond and through the ½ acre slow-sand filtration unit and into filtered return water for the greenhouse. Routine samples were taken on a weekly basis from March through October. A controlled greenhouse experiment was conducted from March – May 2019 with four sensitive species. Growth of Begonia and Geranium was significantly reduced by applications of

MD: A 2-year urban agriculture grant is concluding in 2019, which is examining the effect of various organic amendments incorporated in green roof substrates, on the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) leaching potential from those substrates used in rooftop urban farms in Washington, DC and Maryland.

MD: A seed ($50K) grant was received from the USDA IPM-NE region in 2019 to study anthracnose and botrytis disease predictions in strawberries (under row covers) with microclimatic based sensor networks. This research will quantify differences in temperature, relative humidity and leaf wetness (inputs to the disease models) between on-farm weather stations and the canopy-level instrumentation, which are suspected in the poor performance of these models in modified environments. This instrumentation and software provide additional benefits to farmers, giving them real-time information degree day accumulation (for phenological crop development models) and alerts for frost monitoring in the spring through cloud-based software, also available as an App.

MS: Azaleas are generally known as light feeders and do not respond well to high N rates, which can increase plant susceptibility to fungal disease and reduce winter hardiness. Fertilizer application rates are commonly determined in containerized nursery production based on the assumption that water availability does not limit nutrient uptake and that container capacity should be maintained to promote plant growth and nutrient uptake; however, it may be impractical to maintain container capacity in containerized plant production. Graduate student Tongyin Li published a paper in HortScience on a study that examined the effects of nitrogen rate, irrigation frequency, and container type on plant growth and nutrient uptake of Encore azalea ‘Chiffon’. The study found that  paper biocontainers resulted in increased plant growth index (PGI), dry weights (leaf, stem, root, and total plant dry weight), leaf area, and root growth (root length and surface area) compared with plastic containers using N rates from 10 to 20 mM.  One irrigation per day resulted in greater PGI, root dry weight, root length, root surface area, and root N content than two irrigations per day. Higher tissue N concentration was found in plants grown in plastic containers compared with those grown in biocontainers when fertilized with 15 or 20 mM N. However, N content was greater for plants grown in biocontainers, resulting from greater plant dry weight. The combinations of plastic container and one irrigation per day and that of 20mM N and one irrigation per day resulted in best flower production, Paper biocontainers resulted in superior vegetative growth of azalea plant compared with plastic containers when using a sufficient N supply of 10, 15, or 20 mM.

MS: Nitrogen (N) is a critical nutrient for tea production, making up 5% of the dry weight of the crop. It is difficult to optimize N fertilizer recommendations due to the dynamic nature of available N. With increased cost of inputs, there is the need to develop recommendations for N application. It has been suggested to US nursery growers that Camellia species have a low nutrient requirement. While the benefits of N application are understood, the rate of N to apply should not be in excess, as not to waste money. Nitrogen application rates for US nursery production of Camellia sinensis (tea) have not been determined. Research results published in a Ph.D. dissertation by graduate student Judson LeCompte showed that plant growth indices were higher with Camellia sinensis plants receiving N applications, compared to unfertilized control plants. At experiment termination, all plants receiving N had similar plant growth indices. Plants that received 2, 4, or 6 g N per 4-inch pot had similar root dry weight, while all plants treated with N had similar shoot dry weight. Leaf area, root length, and root surface area were greater when N was applied, but there was no statistical difference in leaf area, root length, and root surface area of plants based on N rate.

NC: NC State installed several treatments at a nursery in North Carolina to improve hydraulic conductivity of irrigation water delivered by drip emitters to increase water movement and availability in 30 gallon container grown shade trees.

NC: In collaboration with Horticultural Research Institute (HRI) (Jill Calabro, Jennifer Grey) Virginia Tech (Jim Owen), and USDA-ARS (James Altland, Jennifer Boldt, and Tim Rhinehart), NC State helped design, develop and conduct a research roundtable of environmental horticulture stakeholders to determine by consensus their research and extension priorities for funding.  These stakeholder driven priorities will be used by HRI to direct funding requests and subsequent awards. Sustainable nursery production practices were an important part of the stakeholder priorities. 10-12 Dec. 2019. 80 attended. This work was funded by HRI from a proposal written by Owen and LeBude in 2017, which was awarded $95,000.  

OR: The Nackley Lab, in collaboration with commercial partners, established an experiment to learn if selected biostimulants would improve the drought tolerance of river birch.

TN: An experiment was conducted in conjunction with Holden Nursery to assess the water savings from an automated leaching fraction-based system and to evaluation the effect of coir on water use.

TN: Ph.D. Candidate (now Dr. Basiri ) conducted 2 experiments to determine the ideal percentage of coir to use in a water conserving, on demand irrigation schedule.

VA: Measured and modeled flow and water quality parameters (Nitrogen, phosphorus, and total suspended solids) during storm and irrigation events at a Mid-Atlantic nursery providing both baseline data and predictive models for water handling and treatment. 

VA: Researchers from Virginia Polytechnic Institute validated nursery best management practices by linking accepted water, nutrient and runoff management strategies to scientific literature resulting in expected production or environmental impacts.

AWARDS

John Lea-Cox: The Dean Gordon Cairns Award for Distinguished Creative Work and Teaching in Agriculture. College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland. 15 May, 2019. The Gordon Cairns Award is the highest career award made to an AGNR faculty member, nominated and selected by peers in the College.

GRANTS

$309,348 (CA) Landscape Plant Performance: Water Use and Disease Resistance Assessments and New Cultivar Selections. L. Oki, Principle Investigator. CA Dept. of Food and Agriculture Specialty Crops Block Grant Program. 2016-2019. Agreement No. SCB16045.

$25,000 (CA) Evaluating water usage tolerances of landscape plant in partial shade. D. Haver, UCCE Orange County Principle Investigator. 2018-19.

$21,897 (CA) Utilizing microcalorimetry for the rapid assessment of plant salinity tolerance. L. Oki, Principle Investigator. California Association of Nurseries and Garden Centers. 2018-19.

$35, 000 (CA) A system nitrogen balance for container plant production. L. Oki, Principle Investigator. Horticultural Research Institute. 2018-2019.

$331,376 (CA) A System nitrogen balance for container plant production. L. Oki, Principle Investigator. CA Dept. of Food and Agriculture Specialty Crops Block Grant Program. 2017-2019.

$224,704. (CA) A System nitrogen balance for container plant production. L. Oki, Principle Investigator. CA Dept. of Food and Agriculture Fertilizer Research and Education Program. 2017-2020.

$246,915 (CA) Learn on Your Schedule: University of California Nursery and Floriculture Alliance Greenhouse and Nursery Grower Online Training. Maria de la Fuente, UCCE Monterey County Principle Investigator. L. Oki Co-PI. CA Dept. of Food and Agriculture Specialty Crops Block Grant Program. 2019-2021.

$25,000 (CA) Removal of plant growth regulators using slow sand filters from captured runoff prior to reuse as irrigation. L. Oki Principle Investigator. California Association of Nurseries and Garden Centers. 2018-19.

$114,389 (CA) University of California Nursery and Floriculture Alliance Fertilizers and Plant Nutrition Education Program. CA Dept. of Food and Agriculture Fertilizer Research and Education Program. L. Oki, Principle Investigator. 2017-2019.

$90K. (CT) Tracing Root-Rot Pathogens Associated with Hydroponic Crops in Commercial Greenhouses in the Northeast. UConn College of Agriculture Health and Natural Resources Competitive Capacity. Raudales (PI). 2019-2022

$100K (CT) Optimizing Irrigation Water Use in Greenhouses and Nurseries. USDA- via the CT Dept. of Agriculture: Specialty Crop Block Research. Raudales (PI). 2020-2022

$34K (CT) Algae Control in Irrigation Water for Container Production. Horticulture Research Initiative. Raudales (PI). 2019-2020

$600K (CT) Development of Technologies and Strategies for Sustainable Crop Production in Containerized and Protected Horticulture Systems. USDA Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative. Boldt J (PI), D Ingram, R Raudales, A Torres. 2019-2024

 $406K (CT) Understanding the Human Health Impacts to Exposure from Nontraditional Water Used in Agriculture. USDA Water for Agriculture. 2017-2020

 $49,802 (MD) Development and evaluation of microclimate-based decision support tools, for sustainable strawberry production. Northeastern IPM Partnership Grant Program. Hu, M.J., J. Lea-Cox, and J. Charles. 2019-2021

$41,600 (MI) Overcoming barriers to use of nursery run-off water: Understanding plant sensitivity to residual pesticides. MSU Project GREEEN. Poudyal, S., B.M. Cregg and R.T. Fernandez. 2017-2019.

$24,375 (MI) Physiological response of nursery crops to reduced phosphorus fertilization. MDARD Horticulture Fund. Poudyal, S., B.M. Cregg and R.T. Fernandez. 2017-2019.

$13,005 (MI) Overcoming barriers to use of nursery run-off water: Understanding plant sensitivity to residual pesticides. MDARD Horticulture fund.  Poudyal, S., B.M. Cregg, and R.T. Fernandez 2018-2019.

$20,000 (MI Reducing Pesticide Loss in Nursery Runoff Through Optimized Irrigation. MDARD HortFund Abdi, D.E., R.T. Fernandez and B.M. Cregg. 2019.

$789,867 (MS) Activities in this Station were funded in part by a cooperative agreement between the USDA and Mississippi State University’s Coastal Research and Extension Center: USDA-ARS. Establishing Best Agronomic and Pest Management Practices for Vegetable and Fruit Growers Along the Gulf Coast. 2018-2019. P.R. Knight, C. Coker, E. Stafne, E. Blythe, G. Bachman, and B. Posadas

$170,767 (NC and OH) LeBude, A.V., J.C. Neal, and J. Altland. Assessing the presence and management of weed seeds in irrigation water in container production nurseries. 2018-2020.

US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA) - Agriculture Research Service. $89,083. (SC) /1/2018 – 2/29/2020. USDA-AFRI Food and Agriculture Science Enhancement pre-doctoral fellowship. NL Bell, White, SA. Potential of woody substrate-based bioreactors to remediate plant pathogens in Agricultural runoff for onsite water reuse. 2018-2020

$58,662 (SC) SC Water Resources Commission. White, SA, NL Bell, L Garcia Chance, ME Chase. “Statewide survey of irrigation source water quality and water use techniques in the specialty crops production industry.” 2018-2019

$99,996 (SC) JC Majsztrik and SA White. Clemson Public Service and Agriculture. “Increasing water use efficiency for specialty crop production via water recapture and sprinkler performance evaluation.” 2019-2021.

$12,085($48,339) (SC) JC Majsztrik and SA White. SC Department of Agriculture – Specialty Crop Block Grant. “Capture and Reuse of Phosphorus in Specialty Crop Production.” 2018-2020

$37,500 ($150,000) (VA) Gillaspy, G., J.S. Owen, Jr., D. Sample, & Z. Wang. A transdisciplinary approach to phosphorus reclamation. Virginia Tech Inst. Critical Technol. and Appl. Sci. 2019-2021.

 (VA and OH) Owen, J.S. Jr. & J.E. Altland. 2019-2024. The remedy is in the pot: Re-engineering growing media to reduce water, agrochemical inputs, & crop stress to minimize time to market. Floriculture Nursery Research Initiative (FNRI).

SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS

Abdi, D.E. and R.T. Fernandez. 2019. Reducing water and pesticide movement in nursery production. HortTechnology Special Issue. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH04298-19

Abdi, D.E., J.S. Owen Jr., J.C. Brindley, A.C. Birnbaum, P.C. Wilson, F.O. Hinz, G. Reguera, J. Lee, B.M. Cregg, D.R. Kort, R.T. Fernandez. Nutrient and Pesticide Remediation Using a Two-stage Bioreactor-Adsorbtive System Under Two Hydraulic Retention Times. Water Res.: In-review

Altland, J.E.,  Owen, Jr., J.S., Jackson, B.E., and Fields, J.S. 2018. Physical and hydraulic properties of commercial pine-bark substrate products used in production of containerized crops. HortScience 53:1883-1890.

Basiri Jahromi, N., A. Fulcher, F. Walker, J.E. Altland, W. Wright, and N. Eash. 2018. Evaluating on demand irrigation systems for container-grown woody plants grown in biochar-amended pine bark. HortScience 53(12):1891–1896. 2018. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI13541-18.

Basiri Jahromi, N., F. Walker, A. Fulcher, and J.E. Altland. 2018. Growth response, mineral nutrition, and water utilization of container grown woody ornamentals grown in biochar amended pine-bark. HortScience 53(3):347-353. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI12643-17.

Bayer, A. 2019. Growth and Flowering of Salvia nemorosa ‘Ostfrieland’ in response to reduced irrigation. J. Environ. Hort. In preparation

Bayer, A. 2019 Effect of reduced irrigation on growth and flowering of coneflower and sneezeweed. HortTechnology. In preparation

Bayer, A. 2019. A Survey of the Massachusetts Environmental Horticulture Industries. HortTechnology. In preparation

Behe, B.K., M. Knuth, C.R. Hall, P.T. Huddleston, and R.T. Fernandez. 2018. Consumer involvement with and expertise in water conservation and plants affect landscape plant purchases, importance, and enjoyment. HortScience 53:1164-1171

Cabrera, R.I., J. Altland and G. Niu. 2018. Assessing the potential of nontraditional water sources for landscape irrigation. HortTechnology 28(4): 436-444.

Cabrera, R.I., E. Petit and B. Moran. 2019. Diagnosing aesthetic and growth disorders in hydrangea plants under commercial nursery production. Proceedings of the Southern Nursery Association Research Conference. 63: 29-36.

Costello, R.C., D.M. Sullivan, D.R. Bryla, B.C. Strik, & J.S. Owen, Jr. 2019. Compost feedstock and compost acidification impact growth and mineral nutrition in northern highbush blueberry. HortScience 54:1067-1076 doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI13599-18

Del Castillo Múnera, J., B.E. Belayneh, J.D. Lea-Cox, and C.L. Swett. 2019. Effects of set-point substrate moisture control on oomycete disease risk in containerized annual crops, based on the tomato-Phytophthora capsici pathosystem. Phytopathology First look online: 04.11.19 https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-03-18-0096-R

Del Castillo Múnera, J., B.E. Belayneh, A.G Ristvey, E. Koivunen, J.D Lea-Cox and C. Swett, 2019. Enabling adaptation to water scarcity: Identifying and managing root disease risks associated with reducing irrigation inputs in greenhouse crop production–A case study in poinsettia. Ag. Water Management (Accepted 4 August, 2019).

de Castro, A.I., J.M. Maja, J.S. Owen, Jr, J. Robbins, & J.M. Peña, 2018. Experimental approach to detect water stress in ornamental plants using sUAS-imagery, Proc. SPIE 10664, Autonomous Air Ground Sensing Syst. for Agric. Optimization and Phenotyping III, 106640N doi: 10.1117/12.2304739

Fisher, P.R. and R.W. Dickson. 2018. Improving irrigation practices in container stock plant production of herbaceous plant cuttings. Acta Horticulturae 1205:871-877.

Freyre, R., B.J. Pearson, and P.R. Fisher. 2018. International training on greenhouse production using an online platform. Acta Horticulturae 1205:293-297.

Garcia Chance, LM, SC Van Brundt, JC Majsztrik, SA White. 2019. Short- and long-term dynamics of nutrient removal in floating treatment wetlands. Water Research. 159(1):153-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.012

Garcia Chance, LM and SA White. 2018. Aeration and Plant Coverage Influence Floating Treatment Wetland Remediation Efficacy. Ecological Engineering. 122:62-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.07.011

Gomez C, C Currey, R Dickson, HJ Kim, R Hernández, N Sabeh, R Raudales, R Brumfield, A Laury–Shaw, A Wilke, S Burnett. 2019. Controlled Environment Food Production for Urban Agriculture. HortScience. Accepted on 23 Apr 2019.

Grant, G.A., P.R. Fisher, J.E. Barrett, and P.C. Wilson. 2019. Removal of Agrichemicals from Water Using Granular Activated Carbon Filtration. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 230: 7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-018-4056-y.

Grant, G.A., P.R. Fisher, J.E. Barrett, P.C. Wilson, and R.E. Raudales. 2018. Paclobutrazol removal from irrigation water using a commercial-scale granular activated carbon system. Scientia Horticulturae 241:160–166.

Grant, G.A., P.R. Fisher, J.E. Barrett, and P.C. Wilson. 2018. Removal of Paclobutrazol from Irrigation Water using Granular Activated Carbon. Irrigation Science 36:159–166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s0027.

Harper, R.W., K.S. Allen, and A.L. Bayer 2018. Nursery production systems and their impact on urban tree growth & development. Part 1. Arborist News 27(4)12-19.

Harper, R.W., K.S. Allen, and A.L. Bayer 2018. Nursery production systems and their impact on urban tree growth & development. Part 2. Arborist News 27(5)12-19

Huang, J. and P.R. Fisher. 2019. Survey of Suspended Solids in Irrigation Water and Filtration for Plant Nurseries. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 145(6): https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001391.

Huang, P, AJ Lamm, LA Warner, SA White, P Fisher. 2019 (Accepted). Exploring nursery growers’ relationships with water to inform water conservation education. Journal of Human Science and Extension.

Knuth, M., B. Behe, C. Hall, P. Huddleston and R. Fernandez. 2019. Sit back or dig in: The role of activity level in landscape market segmentation. In press HortScience

Lamm, AJ, LA Warner, P Beattie, A Tidwell, PR Fisher, SA White. 2019. Identifying opportunities to promote water treatment practices among nursery and greenhouse growers. HortTechnology. (Accepted)

Li, T., G. Bi, R.L. Harkess, G. Denny, E.K. Blythe, and X. Zhao. 2018. Nitrogen rate, irrigation frequency, and container type affect plant growth and nutrient uptake of Encore azalea ‘Chiffon’. HortScience 53:560-566.

Mack, R., J.S. Owen, Jr., A.X. Niemiera, & D.J. Sample. 2019. Workshop: Validation of nursery and greenhouse best management practices through scientific evidence. HortTechnology doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH04303-19

Majsztrik, J.C., A.G. Ristvey, D.S. Ross and J.D. Lea-Cox. 2018. Comparative Water and Nutrient Applications among Ornamental Operations in Maryland. HortScience. 53:1364-1371.

McGehee CS, P Apicella, RE Raudales, G Berkowtiz, Y Ma, S Durocher, J Lubell. First Report of root rot caused by Pythium myriotylum on hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in the United States. Plant Disease https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-18-2028-PDN

McGehee CS, RE Raudales, WH Elmer, RJ McAvoy. 2019. Efficacy of Biofungicides against root rot and damping-off of microgreens caused by Pythium spp. J. Crop Protection 121:96-102

Nayeb Yazdi, M., D. Sample, & J.S. Owen, Jr. 2019. Sediment and Nutrient Movement in a Container Nursery: What Happens During an Irrigation or Storm Event? Proc. Southern Nursery Assoc. Res. Conf. 63:150-154.

Owen, J.S., Jr., A.V. LeBude, J. Calabro, J.K. Boldt, J. Gray, J.E. Altland. 2019. Research priorities of the environmental horticultural industry founded through consensus. J. Environmental Horticulture. In review (submitted).

Poudyal, S. and B. Cregg. 2019. Irrigating nursery crops with recycled run-off: A review of the potential impact of pesticides on plant growth and physiology. HortTechnology (In press) https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH04302-19

Ridge, GR, NL Bell, AJ Gitto, SN Jeffers, SA White. 2019. Phytophthora species associated with plants in constructed wetlands and vegetated channels at a commercial plant nursery. HortTechnology. (Accepted)

Riley, E.D., H.T. Kraus, T.E. Bilderback, J.S. Owen, Jr., & W.F. Hunt. 2018. Impact of engineered filter bed substrate composition and plants on stormwater remediation within a rain garden system. J. Environ. Hort. 36:30–44.

Shreckhise, J.H., J.S. Owen, Jr., & A.X. Niemiera. 2019.  Growth response of Hydrangea macrophylla and Ilex crenata cultivars to low-phosphorus controlled-release fertilizers. Scientia Horticulturae 246:578-588.

Spangler, JT, DJ Sample, LJ Fox, JS Owen, Jr., SA White. 2019. Floating treatment wetland aided nutrient removal from agricultural runoff using two wetland species. Ecological Engineering. 127:468-479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.12.017

Spangler, JT, DJ Sample, LJ Fox, JS Owen, Jr., SA White. 2019. Data on floating treatment wetland aided nutrient removal from agricultural runoff using two wetland species. Data in Brief. 22:756-761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.12.037

Sprangler, J.T., D.J. Sample, L.J. Fox. J.S. Owen, Jr., & S.A. White. 2019. Floating treatment wetland aided nutrient removal from agricultural runoff using two wetland species. Ecol. Eng. 127:468-479.

Spangler, JT, DJ Sample, LJ Fox, JP Albano, SA White. 2019. Assessing nitrogen and phosphorus removal potential of five plant species in floating treatment wetlands receiving simulated nursery runoff. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 18pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3964-0

Vandegrift, D. A., D.B. Rowe, B.M. Cregg, and D. Liang, 2019. Effect of substrate depth on plant community development on a Michigan green roof. Ecological Engineering, 138, 264-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.07.032

Warner, LA, AJ Lamm, P Beattie, SA White, P Fisher. 2018. Identifying opportunities to promote water conservation practices among nursery and greenhouse growers. HortScience. 53(7):958-962. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI12906-18

White, SA. 2019. Clean WateR³: Reduce Remediate Recycle – Using transdisciplinary science to help specialty crop producers conserve water and resources. HortTechnology. (Accepted)

Wolfe, D.W., A.T. DeGaetano, G. M. Peck, M. Carey, L.H. Ziska, J.D. Lea-Cox, A.R. Kemanian, M.P. Hoffmann and D.Y. Hollinger. 2018. Unique challenges and opportunities for northeastern US crop production in a changing climate. Climatic Change 146:231–245. DOI:10.1007/s10584-017-2109-7.

Yazdi, M. N., Sample, D.J., Scott, D., J.S. Owen, Jr., Ketabchy, M., & Alamdari, N. 2019. Water Quality Characterization of Storm and Irrigation Runoff from a Container Nursery. Sci. Total Environ. 667:166-178.

BOOKS OR BOOK CHAPTERS

Lea-Cox, J.D. 2019. Advances in Irrigation Practices and Technology in Ornamental Cultivation. Chapter 12. In: Achieving Sustainable Cultivation of Ornamental Plants. Michael S. Reid. (Ed.) Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, Cambridge, UK. (Accepted)

Lieth, J.H. and L.R. Oki. 2019. Irrigation in Soilless Production. In: Soilless Culture: Theory and Practice. 2^nd Ed. M. Raviv, J.H. Lieth, & A. Bar-Tal, eds. Elsevier Press, Amsterdam. pp. 381-423.

PROCEEDINGS (Abstracts or full articles)

Abdi, D.E., D.R. Kort, F. Hinz, P.C. Wilson, J.S. Owen, J. Brindley, A. Paulk, B.M. Cregg and R.T. Fernandez. 2019. Agrichemical remediation from runoff water using bioreactors. ISHS IX International Symposium on Irrigation of Horticultural Crops, Matera Italy

Abdi, D.E., F. Hinz, P.C. Wilson, J.S. Owen, J. Brindley, A. Paulk, B.M. Cregg and R.T. Fernandez. 2019. Reducing agrochemical movement in container crops by irrigating based on container capacity. ISHS IX International Symposium on Irrigation of Horticultural Crops, Matera Italy

Abdi, D.E., D.R. Kort, F. Hinz, P.C. Wilson, J.S. Owen, J. Brindley, A. Paulk, B.M. Cregg and R.T. Fernandez. 2019. Irrigating based on container capacity conserves water with minimal effect on crop quality. ISHS IX International Symposium on Irrigation of Horticultural Crops, Matera Italy

Abdi, D.E., B.M. Cregg, F.O. Hinz, P.C. Wilson and R.T. Fernandez. 2019. Reducing pesticide movement in the nursery through water conserving irrigation practices. Plant Science Graduate Student Research Symposium. East Lansing, MI March 29, 2019.

Abdi, D.E., B.M. Cregg, J.S. Owen, J. Brindley, A. Paulk and R.T. Fernandez. 2019.  Irrigating based on container capacity conserves water with minimal effect on crop quality. Plant Science Graduate Student Research Symposium, poster session. East Lansing, MI March 29, 2019.

Basiri Jahromi, N., A. Fulcher, F. Walker, J. Altland, and W. Wright. 2018.  Comparison of on-demand and conventional irrigation regimes for ‘Silver Dollar’ hydrangea grown outdoors in biochar amended pine-bark. HortScience 53(9):S158.

Bayer, A. 2019. Impact of Soil Additives on Plant Growth and Substrate Water Retention. ASHS Annual Meeting, July 22 – July 25, 2019, Las Vegas, Nevada. (oral presentation)

Cabrera, R.I. 2018. About the long-term effects of urban landscape irrigation with reclaimed water. Proceedings of The Northeastern Plant, Pest, and Soils Conference 3: 67 (Abstr.).

Cabrera, R.I. 2018. Greenhouse rose responses to nitrogen confounded by collateral effects on rootzone pH and micronutrient availability. HortScience 53(9):S77 (Abstr.).

Copes, W.E, A. G. Ristvey, P.A. Richardson, B.E. Belayneh, H. Zhang, J.D. Lea-Cox and C. Hong. 2018. Monthly Levels and Criteria Considerations of Nutrient, pH, Alkalinity and Ionic Variables in Run-Off Containment Basins in Ornamental Plant Nurseries. HortScience. 53(9):S76. (Oral Presentation)

Fernandez, R.T. 2018. Keeping nutrients in their place: Irrigation management to enhance nutrient retention in container production. Proceedings of the 2017 Annual Meeting of the International Plant Propagators' Society. Acta Hortic. 1212:89-96

Fessler, L., W. Wright, J. McHugh , Q. Cypher , A. Fulcher, and X. Sun. 2019. International Society for Horticultural Science. Symposium on Irrigating Horticultural Crops. Abstract XYZ. Matera, Italy.

Howard, I., J. D. Lea-Cox, N. G. Little and A. G. Ristvey. 2018. Defining Best Management Practices for Substrate, Water and Nutrient Management of Urban Farming Systems. Global Challenges: Building Healthy Food Systems Summit. University of Maryland, College Park. October 4, 2018. (Poster).

Howard, I., A.G. Ristvey and J.D. Lea-Cox. 2019. Modifying Green Roof Substrates for Nutrient Retention in Urban Farming Systems. Proc. Nursery Assoc. Res. Conf. 64:163-168.

Knuth, M., L. Sage, B.K. Behe, C.R. Hall, P.T. Huddleston, R.T. Fernandez. 2019. U.S. Consumer Perceptions of Water Sources and Uses Regarding Production and Enjoyment of Ornamental Plants. ISHS IX International Symposium on Irrigation of Horticultural Crops, Matera Italy

Knuth, M., B.K. Behe, C.R. Hall, P.T. Huddleston, R.T. Fernandez and L. Sage. 2019. Water conservation expertise and involvement influence plant purchases and enjoyment of U.S. consumers. ISHS IX International Symposium on Irrigation of Horticultural Crops, Matera Italy

Lea-Cox, J.D., B.E. Belayneh, O. Starry and D. DeStefano. 2018. Quantifying the Stormwater Ecosystem Services of an Urban Plaza with a Mature Taxodium distichum and Zoysia japonica Planting. HortScience 53(9):S132. (Oral Presentation).

Lea-Cox, J.D., B.E. Belayneh, O. Starry and D. DeStefano. 2018. Monitoring Stormwater Reterntion of an Urban Plaza to Measure Ecosystem Service Benefits. 4th Bi-Annual Mid-Atlantic Green Roof Science and Technical Symposium. 15 August, 2018. University of Maryland, College Park.

Lea-Cox J.D. and A.G. Ristvey. 2018. CleanWater3: Recycling and Treatment of Agricultural Runoff. Edward St. John Learning and Teaching Center. August 6th. A Symposium highlighting the results of the Clean Water3 research program for Nursery and Greenhouse operators, extension educators, and agency personnel. 67 attendees.

Lea-Cox, J.D., B.E. Belayneh, B.E., O. Starry and D. DeStefano. 2019. Monitoring Urban Landscapes to Measure Ecosystem Services. Proc. Southern Nursery Assoc. Res. Conf. 64:169-174.

Nackley, L.L. and D. Zwart. 2019. Stimulating Stress Tolerance in River Birch, ASHS Annual Meeting, July 22 – July 25, 2019, Las Vegas, Nevada.

McGehee CS, RE Raudales (2018) Efficacy of biofungicides to control Pythium root rot and Damping-off in hydroponically-grown arugula (Eruca sativa). HortScience 53(9):S131

McGehee CS, RE Raudales (2018) Efficacy of biofungicides to control Pythium root rot and Damping-off in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seedlings. HortScience 53(9):S415 (Poster)

Pietsch, G., W. Wright, A. Fulcher, J. McHugh. 2019. Examining the potential to reduce nursery crop fertilizer rates with a leaching fraction-based irrigation schedule. International Society for Horticultural Science. Symposium on Irrigating Horticultural Crops. Abstract XYZ. Matera, Italy.

Pitton, B.J.L., G.E Johnson, D.L. Haver and L.R. Oki. Submitted. Water use and estimated evapotranspiration at a California container plant nursery. Acta Hortic. (ISHS International Symposium on Irrigation in Horticultural Crops, Matera, Italy. June 17-20, 2019).

Pitton, B.J.L., J.A. Sisneroz, X. Zhu-Barker, R.Y Evans, W. R. Horwath and L.R. Oki. Submitted. Gas flux from a fir bark substrate at an ornamental production nursery. Acta. Hort. (ISHS International Symposium on Growing Media, Composting and Substrate Analysis. Milan, Italy. June 24-28, 2019).

Poudyal, S. and B.M. Cregg. 2019. Growth stage affects sensitivity of nursery crops to residual pesticides in runoff irrigation. ASHS Annual Meeting, July 22 – July 25, 2019, Las Vegas, Nevada.

Raudales RE, J Boldt, J Altland, PR Fisher.2018. Quantifying paclobutrazol in recirculated water in commercial greenhouses” HortScience 53(9):S130

Ristvey, A. G. Ristvey, B.E. Belayneh, I. Howard and J.D. Lea-Cox. 2018. Effect of Plant-available Water Reduction on Two Yellow Garden Mum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) Cultivars. HortScience. 53:9 S177. (Oral Presentation).

Ristvey, A.G., J.D. Lea-Cox and S. M. Cohan. 2018. Mid-Atlantic Green Roof Science and Technology symposium: Redefining Green roof Science. Global Challenges: Building Healthy Food Systems Summit. University of Maryland, College Park. October 4, 2018. (Poster).

Swett, C., J. Del Castillo-Múnera, J.D. Lea-Cox and B.E. Belayneh. 2018. Irrigation Practices and Pathogen Infection Potential: Balancing Reduced Water Use with Oomycete Disease Risk in Containerized Nursery Production HortScience. 53(9):S177-178. (Oral Presentation)

POPULAR PRESS

Basiri Jahromi, N.^, A. Fulcher, and F. Walker. Black soil for a green industry: Less water use leads to less nutrient loss. Tennessee Green Times. 19(1):8-10.

Bayer, A., Transiting Container Grown Plants to the Landscape, Spring 2019 MNLA Pro Grow News

Cregg, B.M. and J. O’Donnell. 2018. Incorporating foliar nutrient sampling into a nutrient management program. Great Lakes Christmas Tree Journal 14(4): 14.

Dickson R, RE Raudales. 2019.Avoiding ammonium toxicity. GrowerTalks March 82(11): 62-63

Dickson R, RE Raudales.2019. Trays too dry? Grower Talks. January 82(9):50-51

Fisher, P.R., E. Yafuso, and A. Bohorquez. In Press. Seeing inside your container media. Greenhouse Product News.

Fisher, P.R. and R. Raudales. In Press. Clean up your water with carbon filtration. Greenhouse Product News.

Fulcher et al.  Irrigation success stories series. A win-win irrigating field production and Success with water sensitive crops. Tennessee Green Times. 19(2):10-11.

McClanahan, S. and A. Fulcher. 2018. Using moisture sensors and pressure switches to monitor and refine irrigation. Turf and Ornamental Field Day Proceedings, University of Tennessee. pp. 51-52.

McClanahan, S.and A. Fulcher. Buying peace of mind: Using sensors to monitor irrigation systems. Tennessee Green Times. 19(4)16-18.

Nackley, L.L. 2019, Sap-Flow Sensors for Small-Diameter Nursery Seedlings, Tree Planters Notes

Raudales RE.2019. Watering: Communication Tips. e-Gro Alert 8(20):1-5

Raudales RE, C McGehee, J Cabrera. 2019. Testing the waters: Is public drinking water safe to hydroponic production. Produce Grower March: 16-18

Raudales RE, R Dickson. 2019. The roads that lead to salty water. GrowerTalks February 82(10):54-57

Raudales RE, RM McAvoy. 2019. K is for Cucumbers. e-Gro Edible Alert 4(4):1-4

Raudales RE, RW Dickson. 2018. Save Water, Save Money. GrowerTalks November 82(7): 58-62

Yafuso, E. and P. Fisher. 2019. Balancing air and water in propagation cells. Greenhouse Grower Jan 2019: 58, 61. https://www.greenhousegrower.com/production/tips-to-balance-air-and-water-in-plant-propagation-cells/

EXTENSION PUBLICATIONS

Owen, J.S., A.V. LeBude, A. Fulcher, J. Stanley, and L.R. Oki. 2019. Leaching fraction: A tool to schedule irrigation for container-grown nursery crops.Virginia/North Carolina Coop. Ext. Publ. SPES-128/AG-855. https://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/content/dam/pubs_ext_vt_edu/spes/spes-128/SPES-128.pdf

Warneke, B. W., J.P. Pscheidt, R.R. Rosetta, and L. L. Nackley, 2019, Sensor Sprayers for Specialty Crop Production, Pacific Northwest Extension Publication, PNW 727

Warner, L., A. Lamm, S. White, P. Fisher, and P. Beattie. 2019. Meeting U.S. nursery and greenhouse growers’ needs with water conservation extension programs. UF IFAS EDIS AEC664.

DISSERTATIONS

LeCompte, J. 2018. Tea as an alternative crop for Mississippi. Miss. State Univ., Ph.D. Diss.

Bell, Natasha L. 2019. Evaluation of the potential for ecological treatment technologies to remediate species of phytophthora from irrigation runoff. Ph.D., Biological Engineering, Clemson University

Garcia Chance, Lauren M. 2019. Remediation of Nursery and Greenhouse Runoff Using Floating Treatment Wetlands.  2019. Ph.D., Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University

Chase, Megan E.M. DeLaBarre. 2018. “Iron Hydroxide from Coal Mine Drainage to Remove and Reuse Phosphorus from Greenhouse and Plant Nursery Runoff.” M.Sci., Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University