Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Thursday January 24 - Integrated session with NC246 and industry

This was a joint session with multi-state Hatch group NC246-Ecology and Management of Arthropods in Corn, as well as representatives from the biotechnology and pesticide industries. Much of the discussion was focused on renewal agreements related to the use of biotech corn seed in research; a draft agreement was provided to industry representatives, who agreed to review it and did not foresee a problem with getting a renewed agreement in place. A question and answer session was held with industry representatives on topics primarily related to Bt resistance management. Breakout sessions were held to brainstorm solutions to issues facing resistance management and communication with producers.

Friday January 25. S1080 business meeting

Meeting began at 8:00 AM

Welcome and introduction of participants

Nomination Committee, 2020 Time & Place discussion

Members voted to meet in 2020 at the joint Southeastern & Eastern Branch Meeting of ESA in Atlanta, GA, March 29-April 1, 2020. Members planned to submit a symposium on insect management in cover crop systems for this meeting; David Owens and Jeff Davis agreed to co-organize the symposium, Justin McMechan, Adam Alford, John Tooker suggested as potential speakers. Members suggested planning a complementary symposium at the joint North Central Branch-Southwestern Branch meeting as well (March 15-18, 2020, Oklahoma City, OK)

Sally Taylor, Virginia Tech was nominated as incoming secretary

Administrative Update (Dr. Rogers Leonard, Administrative Advisor)

Thanked group for establishing the new Multi-State project, this effort was led by Jeff Davis. Reviewers of the proposal submitted positive reviews with minor revisions. Group is currently active with 26 official members in appendix E. Dr. Leonard suggested we solicit more members to demonstrate support. Many Hatch administrators are looking for membership from their states, and many institutions want a representative for each Multi-State project. Anyone can participate, but membership is determined by executive committee. Mission: enable research on high priority topics among experiment stations facilitated by NIFA.

State Reports. Reports on pest management developments and outputs were presented by state (outputs are reflected in a separate section).

Ohio (Michel, Tilmon): High stink bug populations in OH in 2018, led to quality issues. Mexican bean beetle outbreaks occurred in some areas in 2018.

Iowa (Hodgson): Cold April, hot May, wet June. Overall low insect pressure in soybean. Late arrival of soyean aphid. Low year for soybean aphid, no pyrethroid failures reported, but confirmed pyrethroid resistance in low populations. High populations of Japanese beetle, nothing approaching threshold. Soybean gall midge biggest issue from an Extension standpoint. Lots of media attention.

Nebraska (Hunt, Wright, McMechan): Soybean gall midge was biggest issue. Wet year, unusual weather. Variability in yields, some excellent, some poor. Low soybean aphid populations overall, a few fields were sprayed. Stink bug densities are increasing; brown, redshouldered, and green are the major spp. Bean leaf beetle numbers are increasing, but still low. Decline in use of seed treatments. Japanese beetles dramatic in some cases, spreading in state, issue in southern NE. Outbreak of yellow wooly bear caterpillar in central NE, minimal impact on yield, fungal disease.

Louisiana (Davis): Weather was biggest issue. Cool, wet, then dry. Early planted soybeans were fine, but rejection rates were high on quality due to tariffs. Lots of beans went unharvested. Low populations and late arrival for redbanded stink bugs, resulting in fewer insecticide applications than normal. Issues with crimson clover cover crop and redbanded stink bugs. High green cloverworm populations.

WI (Jensen): Biggest production concern was weather. Fall was horrible, wet, and difficult to harvest. Japanese beetle populations were high in 2018. Showy, but little to no economic damage. Soybean aphid populations were highest in last 3-5 years. High population increases in isolated fields. Populations arriving later and later. No pyrethroid resistance was observed. No soybean gall midge was observed. Low populations of brown marmorated in soybean, some being picked up in orchards, etc. Few to no calls on stink bugs in corn or beans.

DE (Owens): Wet early summer, not much full season soybean acres. Some slug issues. Bean leaf beetles were present early, but were mostly non-economic. High green stink bug numbers early in other crops, but very low populations later in the season in soybean. Corn earworm was an issue in part of state. Some soybean loopers arrived late season. Lower populations of brown marmorated stink bug than in previous years.

PA (Tooker): Extension effort in soybean sentinel plots, educators scout typical fields and report information back for a weekly summary. 140 field-years, 2 fields needed an insecticide application (soybean aphid), 0 needed a fungicide. Monitor using a scouting app. Soybean research: interaction of soil health practices & preventative insecticides. Planting green into cover crops for slug control. Upcoming publication on an exotic ground beetle, population increasing

VA (Alford): Rain was biggest pest, delayed planting. Small populations of corn earworm, pyrethroid resistance levels down, chlorantraniliprole was best product for earworms. Early soybean looper populations; only steward and intrepid edge were effective. Pyrethroids are not controlling brown stink bugs. 20% of soybeans are still in the field/not harvested. 

ND (Knodel): Increasing soybean acres. Research: identifying pyrethroid-resistant soybean aphids. Educated 600 soybean growers, most indicated they would use IPM strategies. No brown marmorated stink bug has been observed in ND yet. Greater stink bug populations than past, but still low. Working on outputs based on pollinator diversity project. High diversity of bees in blooming soybeans; 108 spp of bees, 11 syrphid flies. ~11,000 bees total. IPM scouts surveyed 550 soybean fields throughout the state, low soybean aphid populations. Some spider mite infestations due to drought conditions, few acres sprayed. Bean leaf beetle is uncommon. Good year for growers overall.

NC (Reisig): Corn earworm top pest, most double crop beans are sprayed. More issues with soybean loopers than stink bugs in 2018. Major impacts from 2 hurricanes. Velvetbean caterpillars brought into areas they do not typically affect due to hurricanes. Green stem was commonly observed. Garden fleahopper outbreak in northeastern NC, sprayable populations. Finished work evaluating Bt soybeans. Evaluating earworm thresholds between determinate and indeterminate soybean.

KY (Villanueva): Greater soybean acreage than corn for first time. Weather a major issue. Heavy rains at harvest in western KY. Stink bugs late in season. Brown marmorated mostly limited to eastern KY. Green stem in many fields, often attributed to stink bugs but other factors likely play a role. Bean leaf beetles late. Resurgence of flea beetles in tobacco, but no issues in soybean. Student on dectes stem borer in KY and one on stink bugs. Looking at parasitoids of dectes stem borer, new species found, but low-no parasitism in 2018. Slugs in double cropped soybean; differences in ground beetle complex in wheat vs soybean.

MI (Difonzo): High stink bug populations, high bean leaf beetle numbers. Soybean aphids had high parasitism rates. Asiatic garden beetle in soybean on roots.

IL (Seiter, Spencer): Damage from dectes stem borer and grape colaspis (continuous soybean) in southern IL. Few soybean aphids. Higher than normal stink bug populations. Higher than normal rates of defoliation due to Japanese beetle, green cloverworm, still mostly non-economic.

Special Topics For Discussion

Update on the Soybean Gall Midge (Justin McMechant) : First documented in 2011, isolated fields. Secondary pest of diseased or mechanically damaged plants in initial findings. Field issues in 2018. Wilting of plants, followed by necrosis and death of plant. Field edges with 100% infestation; 3-16 larvae per plant. Plants discolored at base and easily break off, occasionally with swollen stems. Eastern Nebraska, western Iowa is where most findings occurred. Possible relationships with plant diseases. Adults have been collected using emergence cages, classified as a new species: Resseliella maxima Gagne. 56 spp in genus worldwide, 16 in U.S.; no spp have been reported on soybean in U.S. previously. Probably 2-3 generations per year. Probably overwinter in the soil. Can be up to 150 larvae per plant. Higher pressure next to previous year’s soybean fields, uncut or brome ditches and shelter belts. Stand, height, nodes, pods, seeds, seed weight, yield loss affected on a gradient away from edge of field in a heavily infested field. Sticky traps, sweep nets ineffective for monitoring. Management recommendations: spread is slow, don’t change farm plan. Consider corn in problem areas. Foliar applications at V3 could be effective, need to be evaluated. Research topics: track adult movement, insecticide trials, monitor sentinel plants, evaluate cultural control, life cycle, infestation on healthy vs damaged plants.  

Seed Treatments in North Carolina (Dominic Reisig): Soybean seed treatment adoption driving tobacco thrips resistance in cotton. (Huseth paper).

Stink bug update from the southern climes (Jeff Davis):  USB & Mid-South Soybean Board-funded project on disease and insect management. Evaluating breeding lines for cercospora and stink bug resistance. None confirmed with resistance to stink bugs. Some varieties with reduced stink bug numbers from TX.

Soybean looper resistance monitoring update (Jeff Davis):  Working with IRAC. Monitoring populations from field failures. Slippage in flubendiamide first, resistance developing to Chlorantraniliprole, some resistance to Intrepid Edge. Seeking looper collections from around the country.

NCSRP update and coordination (Kelley Tilmon): Plans for projects within a multi-state project funded by North Central Soybean Research Program were discussed (Tilmon). Reviewed plot set-up/data collection for a cover crop termination study (McMechan). Discussed protocol for a soybean defoliation study (Seiter); seeking a way to measure leaf area index efficiently to combine w/ spatial data on insect defoliation.

Group Discussion of Future Plans to address the objectives of S1080 by group members for 2019

• Organize a symposium at one or more branch meetings of the Entomological Society of America (further detailed in the summary of the annual meeting minutes)
• Continue to document trends in damaging insect occurrence and subsequent economic losses through the multi-state soybean insect losses survey
• Initiate new research on soybean insect management issues in the North Central U.S. through a multi-state project funded by the North Central Soybean Research Program.
• Monitor for insect resistance to control technologies, and develop resistance management strategies for key soybean pests such as soybean aphid, soybean looper, and stink bugs.
• Translate research into practical recommendations for managing soybean arthropods, deliver these recommendations to soybean clientele through multiple outlets (e.g., Extension publications, formal presentations, workshops, websites, etc.), and collect feedback from these clientele to inform future research.

Meeting adjurned-3:00 PM

Individual state reports received from 14 states (Minnesota, Tennessee, North Carolina, Mississippi, North Dakota, Delaware, Louisiana, Ohio, Iowa, Nebraska, Illinois, Wisconsin, Texas, and Michigan) were used to compile the list of accomplishments for the reporting period from October 1 2018 (beginning of project) through January 25 2019 (end of annual meeting). These accomplishments reflect work on a diverse array of arthropod management issues that are directly relevant to soybean growers, consultants, and other stakeholders in the soybean production enterprise and rural environments.

S1080 Outputs and Activities for 2018

Soybean losses survey - (Fred Musser Mississippi State University)  - compiles annual estimates of economic losses caused by soybean insects developed by state Land Grant University entomologists, many of whom are S1080 members. Loss estimates from 17 states, representing 36% of the soybean production in the U.S., are currently being compiled, and results from 2017 were published in 2018. The 2018 results were the first that included data from northern states. This project documents trends in pest management technologies, economic losses due to insects by state and region, and provides a historical context to track changes in the relative importance of insect pest species over time.

Commercial-scale implementation of aphid-resistant soybean. Working with Iowa farmers, ISU researchers evaluated the efficacy of aphid-resistant soybean on commercial farms in Iowa. Commercially-available, aphid-resistant soybean had fewer aphids than susceptible varieties with no yield drag associated with the Rag1+Rag2 gene combination. The use of host plant resistance greatly reduces the likelihood of needing foliar insecticides and will help improve profit margins.  

Resistance monitoring in the soybean aphid. Final analysis of soybean aphid bioassays from populations across the north-central U.S. indicated that although no field-level resistance to thiamethoxam was observed, there are sub-lethal effects in some populations. Our results provide a baseline for future assessment and contribute to a better understanding of the applicability of in-vivo bioassays for susceptibility monitoring and resistance detection of soybean aphid. In addition, with support from the Iowa Soybean Association, ISU scientists are exploring insecticide resistance for soybean aphid in Iowa and describing the mechanism of resistance. Pyrethroid insecticide resistance has been confirmed for soybean aphid in Iowa; however, the magnitude of resistance and occurrence in the landscape is not well understood. The mechanism for this resistance is being described and may lead to an easy to use marker to help farmers make decisions about switching to other modes of action.

Extension clinics and survey results. The University of Nebraska Extension Crop Production Clinics and the Nebraska Crop Management Conference trained over 1,200 agribusiness personnel and producers on profitable pest management strategies at 5 locations throughout the state. Proceedings articles and presentations addressing insect pest management and preventing insecticide resistance in soybean and corn were developed and presented. Over 80% indicated the program improved their understanding of insect pest management, and 56% indicated the program will help them initiate insect resistance management. Extension personnel in North Dakota delivered educational programs to > 600 soybean growers and stakeholders, of whom 81% indicated a significant increase in knowledge about soybean aphid IPM and 91% intend to apply IPM strategies to managing this insect. Growers that used IPM strategies to manage pyrethroid-resistant soybean aphids saved an estimated annual cost of $12 million in North Dakota and reduced about 700,000 pounds of insecticide input.

Awards given to team members -  Entomological Society of America Plant-Insect Ecosystems IPM Team Award, awarded in November 2018 to S1080 members Koch, Hodgson, Potter, MacRae, Knodel, and 6 others for successful efforts of a collaborative team approach to pest control.

International IPM Award of Excellence – Awarded in March 2018 to the NC Soybean Entomology Research and Extension Team (i.e. Tilmon et al, total of 23 NC soybean entomologists) for a decade of work on soybean aphid biology, thresholds, biocontrol, and HPR.  Presented at the 9th Int. IPM Symposium in Baltimore MD

Selected Extension Materials

Cissel, B., I. Hiltpold, and B. A. Kunkel. 2018.  “Ground Beetle Behavior with Slug-Damaged Soybean Study.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fSMX74XhSbI.

Conley, S., C. Bradley, M. Chilvers, L. Gisler, D. Mueller, E. Sikora, D. Smith, A. Tenuta, K. Tilmon and K. Wise. 2018. Crop Management Considerations for Selecting Soybean Varieties. Land Grant University Crop Protection Network publication CPN-4004-W. 

DiFonzo, C. 2018. Field ID Sheet for Grubs. Michigan State University Extension News http://msue.anr.msu.edu/uploads/files/AABI/Grub_field_ID.pdf.

Hodgson, E. and G. VanNostrand. 2018. 2018 Report of Insecticide Evaluation [for soybean aphid].   https://store.extension.iastate.edu/product/15508.

Hodgson, E. W. and R. L. Koch. 2018. Soybean Aphid Field Guide: A Reference for Management of Soybean Aphid in the North-Central Region. North Central Soybean Research Program. 62 pp. https://store.extension.iastate.edu/product/12817. 

Iowa State University STRIPS project (Science-based Trials of Row-crops Integrated with Prairie Strips).  https://www.nrem.iastate.edu/research/STRIPS/.

Jensen, B, et al. 2018. Pest Management in Wisconsin Field Crops-2019.  https://learningstore.uwex.edu/Pest-Management-in-Wisconsin-Field-Crops2019-P155.aspx.

Jensen, B. 2018.  Protecting honey bees and other pollinators from agricultural insecticides in field crops.   http://ipcm.wisc.edu/download/pubsPM/UW_PollinatorFactSheet_final.pdf. 

Jensen, B. and D. Smith. 2018. Generalized Calendar of Events for Soybean Insects and Diseases in Wisconsin.  http://ipcm.wisc.edu/download/pubsPM/UW_IPM_SoybeanCalendar.pdf. 

Knodel, J.J., P. Beauzay, M. Boetel, T.J. Prochaska and L. Lubenow. 2018. 2019 North Dakota Field Crop Insect Management Guide. NDSU Ext. Serv., E-1143 (Revised). 

Knodel, J.J., P.B. Beauzay, A. Friskop and S. Markell. 2018. IPM Basics Integrated Pest Management in North Dakota Agriculture PP863 (revised). NDSU Extension, Fargo, ND.

Koch, R., E. Hodgson, J. Knodel and A. Varenhorst. 2018. Management of Insecticide-resistant soybean aphids, E1878. Multistate publication with University of Minnesota Extension, Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, NDSU Extension and SDSU Extension. 

McMechan, J., R. Wright, J. Peterson, T. Hunt, J. Bradshaw. 2018. Proceedings of the 2018 Crop Production Clinics, University of Nebraska Extension, Lincoln, NE.   Articles on: Japanese Beetle in Corn and Soybeans; Large Populations of Painted Lady Butterflies;  Insects in Cover Crops. 

Potter, B.D. and T.Vollmer. 2018. 2018 soybean aphid foliar insecticide study. Non-reviewed research report. https://swroc.cfans.umn.edu/sites/swroc.cfans.umn.edu/files/2018_aphid_insecticide_final_report.pdf.

Stewart, S. and A. McClure. 2019. Insect control recommendations for field crops. PB 1768, University of Tennessee Extension. 

Tilmon, K. J. and A. Raudenbush. YouTube training video: Common soybean defoliators. The Ohio State University IPM Program. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjHe6YKVFcU. 

University of Illinois research trials. 2018 “Applied Research Results on Field Crop Pest and Disease Control.” http://cropdisease.cropsciences.illinois.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Pestpathogenappliedresearchbook2018-1.pdf. 

University of Wisconsin IPM Field Crop Scout Training Manual (revised 2018). http://ipcm.wisc.edu/download/pubsPM/UW-IPM-ScoutingManual-web.pdf.

University of Tennessee Insecticide Evaluation Reports. http://utcrops.com/MultiState/MultiState.htm.

University of Tennessee Pest Guides (Soybean Insect Guide). https://guide.utcrops.com/soybean/soybean-insect-guide/.

University of Texas Pest Guides (Soybean Insect Guide). Available at https://guide.utcrops.com/soybean/soybean-insect-guide/. 

Way, M. O. and R. A. Pearson. 2018. Entomology Research Report. Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Beaumont. pp. 86-105. https://beaumont.tamu.edu/eLibrary/Reports_default.htm. 

Wise, K. C. Bradley, M. Chilvers, S. Conley, T. Faske, L. Gisler, D. Mueller, E. Sikora, D. Smith, A. Tenuta and K. Tilmon. 2018. Crop Management Factors to Consider Before Using a Soybean Seed Treatment. Land Grant University Crop Protection Network publication CPN-4003-W.

Selected Talks/ Posters at Professional Meetings

Ademokoya, Blessing, Thomas Hunt and Robert Wright. 2018. Species composition and abundance of stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and their parasitoids in Nebraska cropping systems. ESA/ESC/ESBC Joint Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Fanela, Thiago L. M., T. E. Hunt, N. Luhr, M. G. P. de M. Ribeiro, T. A. de Araujo, Edson L. L. Baldin. Characterization of larval movement of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in non Bt soybean. XXVII Congresso Brasileiro de Entomologia and X Congresso Latino-Americano de Entomologia. Gramado, RS, Brazil. 

Fanela, Thiago, L., Thomas Hunt, Nicole Luhr, Matheus Ribeiro, Tamiris de Araujo, Rodrigo Faria and Edson Luiz Baldin. 2018. Larval movement of soybean looper and southern armyworm in non-Bt soybean: implications for refuge strategy. ESA/ESC/ESBC Joint Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Menger, J., R. Koch, I. MacRae, J. Knodel, B. Potter, P. Glogoza, E. Hodgson, A. Varenhorst, A. Chirumamilla and J. Gavloski. 2018. A diagnostic-concentration, glass-vial bioassay for the rapid monitoring of soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) susceptibility to pyrethroid insecticides. ESA/ESC/ESBC Joint Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 

Mittapelly, P., Phelan, L., Michel, A. 2018. Impact of bacterial endosymbionts on free amino acid levels in brown marmorated stink bug. Sigma Xi, Grants-in-Aid of Research (GIAR) awards banquet program, Columbus, OH. 

Mittapelly, P., L. Phelan, and A. Michel. 2018. Removing an obligate bacterial endosymbiont changes free amino acid levels in brown marmorated stink bug, Ohio Valley Entomological Association, Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, Indiana. 

Montezano, D. G., Specht, A., Sosa-Gómez, D. R., Roque-Specht, V. F., Silva, J. C. S., Paula-Moraes, S. V., Peterson, J., Hunt, T. 2018. Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) updated host plants and new records, XXVII Congresso Brasileiro de Entomologia and X Congresso Latino-Americano de Entomologia, Gramado, RS, Brazil. 

Prochaska, T.J., J. Knodel, P. Beauzay, L. Lubenow, A. Chirumamilla and S. Lahman. 2018. Extending Knowledge, Changing Lives: Insecticide Resistance to Soybean Aphid in North Dakota. ESA/ESC/ESBC Joint Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 

Tilmon, K. J. 2018. Accomplishments of the North Central soybean entomology working group. 9th International IPM Symposium. Baltimore, MD.

Yates-Stewart, A.D., A. Michel, and J.J. Blakeslee. 2018. A metabolomics approach to better understand soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) adaptation to aphid-resistant soybean. ESA/ESC/ESBC Joint Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 

Yates-Stewart, A.D., Daron J., Wijeratne, S., Bansal R., Chang, M., Slotkin, R.K., Michel, A. Analyzing the possible role of effector proteins in soybean aphid virulence using gene expression and RNA interference. Ohio Valley Entomological Association (OVEA), Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, IN.  Y

Yates, A.D. Michel, A. Blakeslee, J.J. A metabolomics approach to better understand soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) adaptation to aphid-resistant soybean. The Ohio State University 2nd Annual Ohio Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics Symposium. Columbus, OH.   

Yates, A.D. Michel, A. Blakeslee, J.J. A metabolomics approach to better understand soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) adaptation to aphid-resistant soybean. The Ohio State University CFAES Annual Research Conference. Wooster, OH.

Baldin, E.L.L., M.D. Stamm, J.P.F. Bentivenha, K.G. Koch, T. Heng-Moss, T.E. Hunt. 2018. Feeding behavior of Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on soybeans exhibiting antibiosis and tolerance resistance. Florida Entom. Vol 101 (2):  223-229.  B

Bansal R, Michel AP. 2018. Expansion of cytochrome P450 and cathepsin genes in the generalist herbivore brown marmorated stink bug. BMC: Genomics. 19:60. 

Bastola, A., and J. A. Davis.  2018.  Cold tolerance and supercooling capacity of the redbanded stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Environ. Entomol. 47: 133-139. 

Bastola, A., and J. A. Davis.  2018.  Determining in-field dispersal of the redbanded stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in soybean fields using a protein based mark-capture method.  Crop Prot. 112: 24-32.   

Bastola, A., and J. A. Davis.  2018.  Preference of the redbanded stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) for selected spring host plants.  J. Econ. Entomol. 111: 1716-17-23. 

Bundy, S.C., J. F. Esquivel, A. R. Panizzi, J. E. Eger, J. A. Davis, and W. A. Jones.  2018.  Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood).  In: J. E. McPherson (ed.), Invasive Stink Bugs and Related Species (Pentatomoidea): Biology, Higher Systematics, Semiochemistry, and Management, 840 pp.  CRC Press.   

Chapman, K.M., L. Marchi-Werle, T.E. Hunt, T.M. Heng-Moss, and J. Louis. 2018. Abscisic and Jasmonic Acids Contribute to Soybean Tolerance to the Soybean Aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura). Scientific Reports, 8:15148, DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-33477-d. 

Chen, X., A. Richter, M. Stout, and J. Davis. 2018. Effects of induced plant resistance on soybean looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in soybean.  Arthropod-Plant Interactions 12: 543-551. 

Chen, X., D. Harrell, A. Cox, and J. A. Davis.  2018.  Effects of potassium fertilizer rates on soybean looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) development.  J. Econ. Entomol. 111: 1745-1750. 

da Silva Queiroz, O., A. A. Hanson, B. D. Potter, and R. L. Koch. 2018. Impact of single gene and pyramided aphid-resistant soybean on movement and spatial pattern of soybean aphid. J. Econ. Entomol. 111: 2946-2955. DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy257. 

Koch, R.L., E.W. Hodgson, J.J. Knodel, A.J. Varenhorst and B.D. Potter. 2018. Management of insecticide-resistant soybean aphids in the Upper Midwest of the United States. J. Integrated Pest Management 9(1):23; 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmy014. 

Marchi-Werle, Lia, H. D. Fischer, G. Graef, T. E. Hunt and T. M. Heng-Moss. 2018.  Characterization and Identification of Methods for Phenotyping Soybean Populations with Tolerance to the Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae). J. Econ. Entomol.  doi: 10.1093/jee/toy177. 

McRight, W. 2018. Evaluation of kudzu bug as a pest of Mississippi soybean production systems. M.S. thesis. Mississippi State University, Dept. of Biochem., Mol. Biol., Entomol. & Plant Pathol.

Montezano, D. G., Specht, A., Sosa-Gómez, D. R., Roque-Specht, V. F., Silva, J. C. S., Paula-Moraes, S. V., Peterson, J., Hunt, T. 2018. Host plants of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Americas. African Entomology, 26, 286-301. 

Musser, F. R., A. L. Catchot, Jr., S. Conley, J. Davis, C. DiFonzo, J. Greene, G. Lorenz, D. Owens, T. Reed, D. Reisig, P. Roberts, T. Royer, N. Seiter, S. Stewart, S. Taylor, K. Tilmon, and M. O. Way. 2018. 2017 soybean insect losses in the United States. Midsouth Entomol. 11: 1-23. 

Ng, S. J., L. E. Lindsey, A. P. Michel, and A. E. Dorrance. 2018. Effect of mid-season foliar fungicide and foliar insecticide applied alone and in combination on soybean yield. Crops Soils 51:52-58. doi:10.2134/cs2018.51.0402. 

Pereira, R.R., Neves, D.V.C., Campos, J.N., Santana Júnior, P.A., Hunt, T.E., & Picanço, M.C. 2018. Natural biological control of Chrysodeixis includens. Bulletin of Entomol. Res. 1-12. doi:10.1017/S000748531800007X.  

Ribeiro, M. G. P. de M., T. Hunt, and B. Siegfried. 2018. Acute-contact and chronic-systemic in-vivo bioassays: regional monitoring of susceptibility to thiamethoxam in soybean aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations from the North Central United States. J. Econ. Entomol., 111, 337-347. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tox290. 

Thrash, B. 2018. Evaluation of soybean production practices that impact yield losses from simulated insect defoliation. PhD dissertation. Mississippi State University, Dept. of Biochem., Mol. Biol., Entomol. & Plant Pathol. 

Tinsley, N.A., J.L. Spencer, R.E. Estes, K.A. Estes, A.L. Kaluf, E. Levine, S.A. Isard and M.E. Gray. 2018. Multi-year surveys reveal significant decline in western corn rootworm densities in Illinois soybean fields.  Am. Entom. 64(2): 112-119. 

Tiroesele, B., S. Skoda, T. Hunt, D. Lee, M. Irfan Ullah, J. Molina-Ochoa, and J. Foster. 2018. Morphological and Genetic Analysis of Four Color Morphs of Bean Leaf Beetle. J. Insect Science, Vol. 18 (2). https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iey016. 

Yates A.D. and A.P. Michel. 2018. Mechanisms of aphid adaptation to host plant resistance. Current Opinion in Insect Science. 26: 41-49. 

Zhang, S., Z. Wen, C. DiFonzo; Q. Song and D. Wang. 2018. Pyramiding different aphid-resistance genes in elite soybean germplasm to combat dynamic aphid populations. Molecular Breeding 38: 29.   https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-018-0790-5.