Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Idaho

Summary of accomplishments:

Over 110,000 Aberdeen-generated seedling tubers and approximately 20,000 seedling tubers obtained from other state breeding program were planted on 28 acres for first field generation selection at Aberdeen, as well as an additional 1,800 second-field year (12-hill) selections. Seven agronomic trials of Aberdeen breeding clones and the National Fry Processing Trial were planted at Aberdeen and Kimberly, as well as disease screening trials for early blight, common scab, and PVY/PLRV.  In addition, the Tri-State Specialty Trials were conducted at Parma and Aberdeen.

Tri-State and Western Regional Trial Results

In 2018, 11 entries from the Aberdeen program were entered in advanced agronomic and processing trials in the Tri-State and Western Regional to assess their performance relative to industry standards. We had 5 russet clones in the Western Regional Trials, 6 russet clones in the early season Tri-State Variety Trials, and 5 in the late season Tri-State Variety Trials.

Russet Trial Results: The highest yielding clones in the Aberdeen Early Tri-State Trial were A07705-4, AOR10204-3, A07098-4, OR12133-10, and A08510-1LB, all of which produced higher total and yields than the standard cultivars, and higher U.S. No. 1 yields than Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah (Table 1). However, only AOR10204-3, A07098-4 produced higher U.S. No. 1 yields than Ranger Russet. Specific gravities for these clones were comparable to Ranger Russet, Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah, with the exception of A07705-4 and AOR10204-3, which were relatively low. Merit scores were highest for A07098-4, A07705-4, AOR08540-1, and POR12NCK50-1. Hollow heart incidence was low for all clones.

Table 1 Yield and quality characteristics of four standard russet potato cultivars and ten breeding lines grown in Early Tri-State Russet Trial at Aberdeen, ID during 2018. ¹

¹ Yields are reported in cwt/A.  Merit score is based on appearance characteristics and rated on a 1-5 scale, where 5 = exceptionally good.  Maturity is rated 1-5, where 5 = very late.  Hollow heart (HH) is reported as the percentage of 10 tubers greater than 10 ounce showing the defect. Early harvest is approximately 116 days after planting.

In the Late Tri-State Russet Trial, the top yielding clones were A07705-4, AOR10204-3, A07098-4, OR12133-10, AOR08540-1 and A08510-1LB, all of which produced significantly higher total and US No. 1 yields than the standard cultivars (Table 2).  Specific gravities for A07098-4, A08510-1LB, A09022-4, AOR08540-1, OR12133-10, and POR12NCK50-1 were considerably higher than Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah and were comparable to Ranger Russet. Merit scores were highest for A07098-4, POR12NCK50-1, AOR10204-3 and A07705-4.  Fry colors after 3 months of storage at 45^oF were generally acceptable (USDA 1 and 2) for all clones except AOR08540-1 and Russet Norkotah. Hollow heart incidence was low for all clones with the exception of AOR08540-1 with 15%.

Table 2 Yield and quality characteristics of three standard russet potato cultivars and nine breeding lines grown in Late Tri-State Russet Trial at Aberdeen, ID during 2018. ¹

¹ Yields are reported in cwt/A.  Merit score is based on appearance characteristics and rated on a 1-5 scale, where 5 = exceptionally good.  Maturity is rated 1-5, where 5 = very late.  Hollow heart (HH) is reported as the percentage of 10 tubers greater than 10 ounce showing the defect. Late harvest is approximately 143 days after planting.

²Fry samples stored at 45^oF for approximately 2 months. Color determined using USDA color chart 00-4 with lower number lighter fry color.

In the Late Western Regional Trial at Aberdeen, the top yielding clones were A07061-6, A07769-4, A10021-5TE, A08433-4VR, AO02183-2, A071012-4BF and AOR06576-1 (Table 3), all of which exceeded the total and U.S. No. 1 yields of the standard cultivars. With the exception of AOR06576-1, specific gravities for each of the top yielding clones were higher than Russet Burbank, with A10021-5TE and A071012-4BF higher than Ranger Russet. The incidence of hollow heart for all clones was relatively low.  CO09205-2RU and CO08155-2RU/Y-1RU and AO02183-2 had the highest merit scores. Most of the clones had acceptable fry colors after 3 months of storage at 45^oF except for AOR06576-1 and CO09076-3RU.

There also were some very high yielding clones in the Late Western Regional Trial at Kimberly, including A07061-6, A08433-4VR, AO02183-2 and AOR07821-1, all of which produced higher total and U.S. No. 1 yields than the standard cultivars (Table 4). Specific gravities for the four highest yielding clones were all higher than Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah but were similar to slightly lower than Ranger Russet. Merit scores at Kimberly were highest for A07769-4, A10021-5TE, AOR07821-1, CO08155-2RU/Y, CO08231-1RU, and CO09205-2RU.  All clones had acceptably light fry colors after 3 months of storage, except for AOR06576-1.

Table 3 Yield and quality characteristics of three standard russet potato cultivars and seventeen breeding lines grown in Late Western Regional Russet Trial at Aberdeen, ID during 2018. ¹

¹ Yields are reported in cwt/A.  Merit score is based on appearance characteristics and rated on a 1-5 scale, where 5 = exceptionally good.  Maturity is rated 1-5, where 5 = very late.  Hollow heart (HH) is reported as the percentage of 10 tubers greater than 10 ounce showing the defect.

Late harvest is approximately 143 days after planting.

² Fry samples stored at 45^oF for approximately 2 months. Color determined using USDA color chart 00-4 with lower number lighter fry color.

National Fry Processing Trial: A total of twelve breeding clones and varieties from our program were also entries in the 2018 National Fry Processing Trial (NFPT) which seeks to identify processing varieties having low acrylamide that could be rapidly adopted by the U.S. potato processing industry.  Five of twelve entries were entered into the Tier 2 category, with the remaining seven entries entered into Tier 1.  Following discussion and final recommendations of the NFPT Steering Committee, those 2018 entries found acceptable for trialing in 2019 will be advanced to Tiers 2 and 3, with an additional new entries identified for Tier 1 evaluations in 2019.   In addition, the breeding program is progressing in developing germplasm with genetic resistance to PVY, PVX, and PLRV, PMTV, late blight (foliar and tuber),  nematodes, corky ringspot and zebra chip disease—for example several entries in the NFPT in 2018 exhibited extreme resistance to PVY. New varieties will continue to be released in cooperation with the University of Idaho Nuclear Seed Program, private seed growers in the state, and the processing and fresh pack industries.

Table 4 Yield and quality characteristics of three standard russet potato cultivars and seventeen breeding lines grown in Late Western Regional Russet Trial at Kimberly, ID during 2018.

¹ Yields are reported in cwt/A.  Merit score is based on appearance characteristics and rated on a 1-5 scale, where 5 = exceptionally good.   Hollow heart (HH) is reported as the percentage of 10 tubers greater than 10 ounce showing the defect.

Late harvest is approximately 159 days after planting.

² Fry samples stored at 45^oF for approximately 2 months. Color determined using USDA color chart 00-4 with lower number lighter fry color.

Agronomic Research Trials: Additional studies were conducted in 2018 designed to compare nitrogen use efficiency of 5 advanced selections from the breeding program with that of Russet Burbank. The efficiency of N fertilizer use for these new clones is substantially greater than standard varieties, ranging from 10-25% better than Russet Burbank. Reducing fertilizer applications per unit of yield produced would provide a considerable economic benefit to growers and would also contribute significantly to the sustainability of potato production systems. Additional studies were conducted to determine optimal phosphorus rates, seed management practices, seed piece spacing, and N management guidelines for new and previously released Tri-State varieties. The phosphorus requirements of most of the new varieties were similar to or lower than those for Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet.

Specialty Trial Results:

Promising specialty breeding lines from the Pacific Northwest Potato Variety Development Program were evaluated in two locations. These same lines were also evaluated for dormancy length, and chemical composition.

Field Evaluations - Seed of two standard potato cultivars and 3 breeding lines were obtained from Brian Charlton (OSU, Klamath Falls).  This seed was used in replicated trials at both the Parma and Aberdeen R&E Centers.  The seed was cut, organized into a randomized, four-replicate trial, and planted at the Aberdeen and Parma R & E Centers.

Chieftain produced a total yield of 577 cwt/acre at Parma, while A08122-12R and POR14PG22-3 were the only breeding lines above 500 cwt/acre.  (Table 5).   These same lines were also among the highest yielding selections at Aberdeen (Table 6).  Chieftain and Yukon Gold had a high proportion of tubers over 10 oz at Parma. In contrast, none of the varieties or breeding lines produced high yields of over 10 oz tubers at Aberdeen. Tubers above 10 oz are not generally desirable for the specialty market.  The premium yield category (2-6oz) was added to capture the perceived optimum size of specialty tubers for fresh market.  A08112-7R, A08122-12R and POR14PG22-3 all tended to produce high premium yields at both locations (Tables 5 and 6).

Specific gravity ranged from 1.074 to 1.087 at Parma, and from 1.071 to 1.088 in Aberdeen (Tables 5 and 6).  Yukon Gold had the highest specific gravity at both locations.  Specific gravity greatly effects cooking quality, and this information should be used with the culinary evaluations reported in the WSU cultivar report to make decisions about appropriate uses for these new potential varieties.  

Table 5 Yield and quality characteristics of two standard specialty potato cultivars and three breeding lines grown in Parma, ID during 2018. ¹

¹ Yields are reported in cwt/A.  Merit score is based on appearance, yield, uniformity and defects and rated on a 1-5 scale, where 5 = exceptionally good.  Maturity is rated 1-5, where 5 = very late.  Scab, growth cracks (GC), and second growth (Knobs) are rated 1-5, where 5 = none.  Hollow heart (HH) is reported as the percentage of 10 tubers showing the defect.

\Most of the entries showed very few external and internal defects.  The exceptions were growth cracks in A08122-12R at Aberdeen, and common scab in Yukon Gold at both Parma and Aberdeen (Tables 5 and 6).  Merit score is a combined evaluation of yield, tuber size distribution, tuber shape uniformity, and appearance.  A08112-7R had the highest merit score in Aberdeen, while AO8122-12R had high scores at Parma (Tables 5 and 6).

Table 6 Yield and quality characteristics of two standard specialty potato cultivars and three breeding lines grown in Aberdeen, ID during 2018. ¹  

¹ Yields are reported in cwt/A.  Merit score is based on appearance, yield, uniformity and defects and rated on a 1-5 scale, where 5 = exceptionally good.  Maturity is rated 1-5, where 5 = very late.  Scab, growth cracks (GC), and second growth (Knobs) are rated 1-5, where 5 = none.  Hollow heart (HH) is reported as the percentage of 10 tubers showing the defect.

Biochemical Assessments- The cultivars and breeding lines showed a range of biochemical characteristics, such as solids, antioxidant levels, glycoalkaloids, and Vitamin C content (Table 7).  None of the glycoalkaloid levels were high enough to cause concern, while Yukon Gold was noteworthy for high antioxidant and Vitamin C content.

Table 7.  Biochemical characteristics of two standard specialty potato cultivars and three breeding lines grown in Aberdeen, ID during 2018.  

 ² Higher numbers for antioxidant capacity indicate potentially greater health benefits.

Storage Evaluations- Skin color and appearance were rated on samples from the Parma trial after approximately 90 days storage at 45^oF.  Most entries had moderate skin appearance, with lower ratings being associated with russeting, black scurf and enlarged lenticels (Table 8). Dormancy length varied from 80 to 122 days at 45^oF, with breeding line A08112-7R notable for relatively long dormancy compared to the other entries.

Table 8 Appearance ratings and dormancy length for two standard specialty potato cultivars and ten breeding lines grown in Parma, ID during 2018.

¹ Rated on a 1 = very poor to 5 = very good scale.

 Appearance ratings were taken on 11/6/2018

Multi-year summary - None of the three breeding lines evaluated in 2018 have been in the Tri-state specialty trial for more than one year.  Therefore, a historical summary of performance could not be completed.  All three entries in these trials showed some merit in terms of yield, tuber size and appearance.  We recommend that all three be returned for a second year of evaluation.

Angel Chappell, Jeffrey W. Koym, Douglas C. Scheuring, J. Creighton Miller, Jr., and M. Isabel Vales. Incorporation of mannitol in tissue culture media to reduce in vitro potato plant growth for long-term storage. in vitro Biology Meeting. St. Louis, MI, June 2-6, 2018.

Bali, S., B.R. Robinson, V. Sathuvalli, J. Bamberg, A. Goyer (2018). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with high folate content in wild potato species. PLOS ONE 13:e0193415

Bali, S., Patel, G., Novy, R., Vining, K., Brown, C., Holm, D., Porter, G., Endelman, J., Thompson, A., Sathuvalli, V. 2018. Evaluation of genetic diversity among Russet potato clones and varieties from breeding programs across the United States. PloS ONE 13(8):e0201415.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201415.

Carley, C. A. S., Coombs, J. J., Clough, M. E., De Jong, W. S. Douches, D. S., Haynes, K. G., Higgins, C. R., Holm, D. G., Miller, J. C. Jr., Navarro, F. M., Novy, R. G., Palta, J. P., Parish, D. L., Porter, G. A., Sathuvalli, V. R., Thompson, A. L., Yencho, G. C., Zotarelli, L. and Endelman, J. B. 2019. Genetic Covariance of Environments in the Potato National Chip Processing Trial. Crop Sci. 59:107–114.

Chapparro, J. M., Holm, D. G., Broeckling, C. D., Prenni, J. E., Heuberger, A. L. 2018. Metabolomics and ionomics of potato tuber reveals an influence of cultivar and market class on human nutrients and bioactive compounds. Frontiers in Nutrition  36. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00036

Endelman, J. B., Carley, C. A. S., Bethke, P. C., Coombs, J. J., Clough, M. E., Washington, L. De Silva, De Jong, W. S., Douches, D. S., Frederick, C. M., Haynes, K. G., Holm, D. G., Miller, J. C., Muñoz, P. R., Navarro, F. M., Novy, R. G., Palta, J. P., Porter, G. A., Rak, K. T., Sathuvalli, V. R., Thompson, A. L., and Yencho, G. C. 2018. Genetic variance partitioning and genome-wide prediction with allele dosage information in autotetraploid potato genetics. Genetics 209:77-87.

Essah, S. Y., Andales, A., Bauder, T., Holm, D. G. 2018. Response of three Colorado potato cultivars to deficit irrigation. Am. J. Potato Res. 95:214. (Abstract).

Gray, C. P., Holm, D. G., Zavislan, K. A. 2018. Best practices for outreach among potato breeders and the industry for the evaluation of advanced selections. Am. J. Potato Res. 95:216. (Abstract).

Greaebner, R.C., C.R. Brown, R.E. Ingham, C.H. Hagerty, H. Mojtahedi, R. Quick, L.L. Hamlin, N. Wade, J.B. Bamberg and V. Sathuvalli. (2018) Identification of sources of resistance to Meloidogyne chitwoodi from wild potato species. Am. J. Potato Res. doi: 10.1007/s12230-018-9674-9

Hollingshead, A., N. Olsen, M. Thornton, and J. Miller. 2018.  Influence of harvest time tuber pulp temperature and storage conditions on leak in russet-skinned potato cultivars.  Potato Progress. Northwest Potato Research Consortium, May 30 issue.

Holm, D. G., Gray, C., and Gaudreau, K. 2018. 2017 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the Colorado Potato Administrative Committees (Area II and Area III). 112pp.

Kalita, D., Holm, D. G., LaBarbera, D. V., Petrash, J. M, Jayanty, S. S. 2018. Inhibition of a-glucosidase, a-amylase, and aldose reductase by potato polyphenolic compounds. PLoS ONE 13(1): e0191025. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191025.

Levy, J., C. Tamborindeguy, G. Athrey, D.C. Scheuring, J.W. Koym, and J.C. Miller, Jr. 2018. Transcriptome of Russet Norkotah and its clonal selection, TXNS278. BMC Genomics (2018) 11:16. DOI 10.1186/s13104-018-3254-4.

Miller, J. C. Jr., Scheuring, D. C., Koym, J. W., Holm, D. G., Pavek, J. J., Novy, R. G., Whitworth, J. L., Stark, J. C., Charlton, B. A., Yilma, S., Knowles, N. R., Pavek, M., Nunez, J. J., Wilson, R., Brown, C. R., Shock, C. C., Long, C. M. 2018. Reveille Russet: An early, widely adapted, high-count-carton russet for the fresh market. Am. J. Potato Res. 95:79–86.

Navarre, D.A., C. Brown and V. Sathuvalli. (2018) Potato vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients from a plant biology perspective Am. J. Potato Res. doi: 10.1007/s12230-018-09703-6

Navarre, R.A., M. Holden, C. Brown, R. Novy, M.J. Pavek, M. Thornton, B.A. Charlton, and V. Sathuvalli. 2018. Screening potato cultivars and breeding lines for phytonutrients. Am. J. Potato Res. 95:220-?.

Pandey, J., D. Scheuring, J. W. Koym, A. Chappell, J. C. Miller and M. I. Vales. Chipping performance and resistance to cold induced sweetening in advanced potato chipping clones during cold storage. Plant Breeding Symposium. Texas A&M, February 22, 2018.

Rosen, C, N. Sun, N. Olsen, M. Thornton, M. Pavek, L. Knowles and N.R. Knowles. 2018. Impact of agronomic and storage practices on acrylamide in processed potatoes. Am. J. Potato Res. 95:319-327.

Samuel Vigue, Cecilia Tamborindeguy, Douglas C. Scheuring, Angel Chappell, Jeffrey W. Koym, J. Creighton Miller Jr., M. Isabel Vales. Identification of Tolerance/Resistance to the Zebra Chip Disease in Diploid and Tetraploid Potato Clones. The Potato Association of America. 2018 Annual Conference. Boise, ID. July 22-26, 2018.

Samuel Vigue, M. Isabel Vales, Cecilia Tamborindeguy, J.R. Creighton Miller, Douglas Scheuring, Angel Chappell. Screening diverse potato germplasm for resistance/tolerance to Zebra Chip disease under greenhouse conditions. Plant Breeding Symposium. Texas A&M, February 22, 2018.

Sathuvalli, V., A.M. Treadwell, D. Kalta, S. Jayanty, L.N. Tobey (2018) Nutritional benefits and acceptability of roasted colored potatoes among school-aged children. J Food Sci Nut 4:030.

Schmitz Carley, C.A., J.J. Coombs, M.E. Clough, W.S. De Jong, D.S. Douches, K.G. Haynes, C.R. Higgins, D.G. Holm, J. C. Miller, F.M. Navarro, R.G. Novy, J.P. Palta, D.L. Parish, G.A. Porter, V.R.

Sathuvalli, A.L. Thompson, L. Zotarelli, G.C. Yecho, J.B. Endelman. (2018) Genetic covariance of environments in the potato national chip processing trail. Crop Science. doi: 10.2135/cropsci2018.05.0314.

Shock, C. C, Brown, C. R., Sathuvalli, V., Charlton, B. A., Yilma, S., Hane, D. C., Quick, R., Rykbost, K. A., James, S. R., Mosley, A. R., Feibert, E. B. G., Whitworth, J. L., Novy, R. G., Stark, J. C., Pavek, M. J., Knowles, N. R. Navvare, D. A., Miller, J. C. Jr., Holm, D. G., Jayanty, S. S., Debons, J., Vales, M. I., Wang, X., Hamlin, L. L. 2018. TerraRossa: A mid-season specialty potato with red flesh and skin and resistance to common scab and golden cyst nematode. Am. J. Potato Res. 95:597-605.

Stark, J.C., R.G. Novy, J.L Whitworth, N.R. Knowles, M.J. Pavek, M. Thornton, C.R. Brown, B.A. Charlton, V. Sathuvalli, T. Brandt, N. Olsen and S. Yilma. 2018. Pomerelle Russet: an early maturing potato variety with high yields of U.S. No.1 tubers suitable for fresh market and mid-storage processing and tolerance to potato mop-top virus. Am. J. Potato Res. 95:110-122.

Vigue, S., C. Tamborindeguy, J.R.C. Miller, D. Scheuring, A. Chappell and M.I. Vales. Screening diverse potato germplasm for resistance/tolerance to Zebra Chip disease under greenhouse conditions. Southern Region American Society for Horticultural Science. 2018 Annual meeting. Jacksonville, FL, February 2-4, 2018.

Waxman, A., J. Stark, J. Guenthner, N. Olsen, M. Thornton and R. Novy. 2018. An economic analysis of the effects of harvest timing on yield, quality, and processing contract price for three potato varieties. Am. J. Potato Res. 95:549-563.