Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The annual Multistate W4147 meeting was held on November 30, 2018 at the Azure Hotel, Ontario, CA. The meeting was opened at 8:30 am by James Borneman. 

Tim Paulitz reported that our 5 year renewal for the W4147 has been approved. 

Antoon Ploeg volunteered to take the minutes of the meeting. 

Attendees introduced themselves:

James Borneman, Dept. Plant Pathology, UC Riverside, CA

Ole Becker, Dept. Nematology, UC Riverside, CA

Antoon Ploeg, Dept. Nematology, UC Riverside, CA

Tim Paulitz, USDA-ARS, Washington State University, Pullman, WA

Chuan Hong, Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, VA

Maren Friesen, Dept. Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA

Jianjun Hao, School of Food and Agriculture, The University of Maine, ME

Bode Olukolu,  Dept. Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN

Tessie Wilkerson, Delta Res. and Extn. Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS.

Anissa Poleatewich, Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, Univ. New Hampshire, Durham, NH.

Gretchen Sassenrath, Southeast Research and Extension, Kansas State University, Parsons, KS.

Jenifer McBeath, School of Natural Resources and Extension, Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK. 

Research presentations and discussions: 

• Tim Paulitz presented current research on soil communities as influenced by cropping systems, location, and time.
• Anissa Poleatewich presented research on the management of plant – microbe interactions in soil to promote sustainable agriculture.
• Tessie Wilkerson presented work on the management of charcoal rot in soybean.
• Ole Becker presented research on the correlation between enzymatic activity and virulence of the fungus Hyalorbilia oviparasitica on the sugarbeet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii.
• Bode Olukolu presented research on the modulation of the plant defense response by host-association microbial communities and host genetic factors unpinning their recruitment.
• Chuan Hong presented research on the biological control of boxwood blight (Calonectria pseudonaviculata, Cps).
• Antoon Ploeg presented recent research on nematode problems in vegetable crops.
• Gretchen Sassenrath presented research on production systems to control charcoal rot and other soil- borne diseases.
• James Borneman presented research on the analysis of the microbiome of HLB (greening disease) infected citrus trees.
• Jianjun Hao presented research on tracking the source of blackleg bacterial disease of potato in the Northeastern US.
• Maren Friesen presented research on the evolutionary ecology of symbiotic nitrogen-fixation. 

The group then went to the Citrus Variety Collection, at the Agricultural Operations Fields, UC Riverside. There they were met by curator of the collection, Dr. Tracy Kahn, who gave us an overview of the history, purpose, and extent of the citrus collection. We discussed current issues with respect to citriculture in California, in particular the threat of greening disease (HLB) for the California citrus industry. 

The group then met on the UC Riverside campus for the W4147 business meeting. There was some discussion on how to get more people involved, and where to have the 2019 meeting. Jenifer McBeath offered to have the 2019 meeting at Fairbanks Alaska. After some discussion it was decided to poll the W4147 members by e-mail to decide on the location for the 2019 meeting.

Meeting was concluded. 

The group met for dinner at a Riverside restaurant. 

Antoon Ploeg.

Objective 1 To identify and characterize new biological agents, microbial community structure and function, naturally suppressive soils, cultural practices, and organic amendments that provide management of diseases caused by soilborne plant pathogens. 

CA - To date, we have identified several fungi involved in suppressing sugarbeet cysts nematodes (Dactylella oviparasitica and Fusarium oxysporum) and root-knot nematodes (Pochonia chlamydosporium and a Tetracladium sp.).  We have also identified new Dactylella oviparasitica phylotypes, which suggests that these fungi may represent a large group of potentially effective biological control agents, and which can be found worldwide.  In addition, we have determined that soils with no detectable Dactylella populations can harbor this fungus, and which can dramatically increase during one host cropping cycle.  This is a key finding, suggesting that standard methods for screen soils for putatively protective microorganisms will not work.  We have also presented a new approach and supporting data for using Dactylella population densities in planting decisions models. 

CA - We used probit regression models to show that there was a strong relationship between pre-planting population levels of the fungus Dactylella oviparasitica in sugar beet soils in the Imperial Valley (CA) and post-planting levels of the nematode Heterodera schachtii. We expect that this will lead to the development of new cropping decision models that will enable growers to be create and maintain soils that suppress H. schachtii, which we anticipate will lead to higher crop yields and profitability for the growers. 

KS - Changes in biological activity of claypan soils for crop and pasture fields were tested with soil depth and change through the year for different production systems (conventional and no-tillage) and crop rotations. Ratios of extracellular enzymatic activities in the soil profile indicate microbial nutrient demand changed as a function of tillage. Dynamics of soil microbial activities indicated significantly greater activated in no-till production systems, and with higher residue crops 

ME - Identified signal molecules that regulate the pathogen Phytophthora erythroseptica in zoosporic germination and infection. This will help researchers to understand the biology of pathogen, help growers to pick disease tolerant varieties and may lead to a novel strategy of biological control.  Examined microbial association in blackleg and soft rot disease of potato. This helps researchers to understand how the outbreak of the bacterial disease occurred in order to find a better solution in disease control. Studied in field trials for fungicide efficacies. Potato growers benefit from the updated results. 

NE - Assessing isolated microbes for biocontrol activity. Before now, very little was known about the properties of Bacillus simplex, one of the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) bacilli strains identified in our study. An outcome of our work is the elucidation of the mechanism of action of this little known group of organisms. Evaluation of physiological traits of twelve strains continued from the previous year and was completed. Some of the traits examined included phosphate solubilization; production of biosurfactants, siderophores, proteases, and auxins 

NE - Examining naturally suppressive soils. After bulk DNA extraction and library development, sequence reads were generated. The data are being analyzed to profile the microbial community. The potential outcome from the analysis of microbial communities associated with continuous corn is the generation of information as to how different cropping practices (continuous corn vs. conventional rotation) might alter the microbial community composition, particularly those members of the community that can influence root diseases. This information has the potential to generate better understanding and help in developing cropping strategies that can create natural disease suppressive soils or the identification of novel species of bacteria and fungi from the disease suppressive soils. 

NJ - We isolated and identified several endophytic microbes that are effective at promoting plant growth and suppressing pathogens and competitor weeds. We tested microbes in the laboratory for effectiveness against several pathogens and competitor weed species. In the long term we intend to take microbes into greenhouse and eventually field tests. In this work we published or have in press 7 peer-reviewed journal articles, 3 book chapters, and 1 book (Seed Endophytes: Biology and Biotechnology, Springer 2019).

NY - Rolled cereal rye for white mold control. No-till planting soybean (Glycine max) into rolled-crimped cereal rye is increasing in popularity and can provide organic farmers with a number of benefits including improved weed suppression, enhanced soil health, increased water infiltration, and reduced labor requirements compared to standard management practices. A field trial was conducted in 2017-2018 to evaluate the potential of rolled-crimped cereal rye mulch to suppress white mold in soybean and dry bean. Treatment effects on agronomic yield attributes (crop population, crop biomass, and yield components) varied between crops. Cereal rye mulch reduced the incidence of white mold in both main crops. In both crops, cereal rye mulch decreased the incidence of carpogenic germination, but increased the incidence of sclerotial germination resulting in nonfunctional stipes, defined as those that failed to produce the expanded cup where asci containing ascospores are formed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to document the potential of cereal rye mulch for white mold control in no-till leguminous crops. 

OR - Analyzed oomycete communities in river water and irrigation water sources in two horticultural nurseries (OR and CA) with Illumina MiSeq to determine the need for water disinfestation. 

OR - Conducted a Hazard Analysis at two nurseries in OR and CA to identify sources of Phytophthora contamination and recommend mitigation strategies. 

OR - Analyzed soil microbial communities using Illumina MiSeq to determine how fungi, bacteria and oomycetes are affected by soil solarization.  Replicated field trials were conducted for two years in three locations in OR and WA. 

TN - Using a low-cost reduced-representation genome/metagenome sequencing strategy, we were able to catalogue organisms living within and on leaves of several sweetpotato cultivars/ accessions. With a similar cost to using 16S rRNA- and ITS-based sequencing approaches, our method captures the community structure of bacteria, fungi, and DNA-viruses (including 3 sweetpotato DNA-viruses) and allows for quantification of each taxon and retrieves sequences of several genes for each taxon to provide identification down to the isolate- 

WA - Glyphosate (Roundup) has subtle and minor effects on soil microbes.  The herbicide glyphosate (Roundup) is the most widely used herbicide in the U.S. and is a key tool in the direct-seed no-till system which reduces soil erosion and fossil fuel inputs. But growers in the Pacific Northwest have been concerned about non-target effects on soil microbes such as bacteria and fungi, which perform beneficial functions.  ARS scientists, using next-generation sequencing, compared microbial communities in treatments with and without glyphosate, that were taken from fields with a long history and no history of use. They showed that location and cropping system had much larger effects on fungal and bacterial communities. The effects of glyphosate were very minor, and in fact more communities were increased with glyphosate use, because of the habitat provided by dying roots. This is important information for farmers who are concerned about glyphosate and want to continue to use this important tool, but until now there was no good scientific literature to answer this question. 

WA - Correlation of changes in the soil metabolome and microbiome predict mechanisms of ASD-induced disease control.  ARS scientists in Wenatchee, WA utilized metabolic and microbial community profiling to generate highly dimensional datasets and network analysis to identify sequential transformations through aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, and anaerobic soil phases during application of anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD). Distinct linkages in groups of metabolites and microorganisms were identified in the dynamic transformations that occur during the process of ASD. Multiple potential modes of disease control were identified during ASD while revealing the importance of the carbon amendment and “community metabolism” for supplying specific classes of labile compounds for each phase (aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, and anaerobic soil phases) characterizing ASD and multiple potentially antagonistic compounds. Knowledge of the temporal accumulation of specific anti-microbial metabolites and identification of the microorganisms responsible for their production is an important finding for optimization of ASD application in the field. 

WA - Fungal communities change with soil depth.  Fungi play important roles in residue breakdown, nutrient cycling and attacking roots of cereal crops. In the Palouse region of the eastern WA. Washington, the loess soils are very deep (10 feet or more) and wheat roots can grow down to these layers to extract water. But little is known about the fungal communities at these depths. ARS scientists at Pullman, Washington sampled soils down to 5 feet and used next-generation sequencing to examine fungal communities. Fungi in the top layers are involved in residue breakdown, but in the lower layers the fungi are root colonizers, pathogens, or symbionts; and communities are less diverse.  This work leads to a greater understanding of how fungi may play important functions for no-till wheat growers, especially for soil and plant health.

WA - Efficacy of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculants in commercial onion crops limited by fertility practices. A 3-year WSDA SCBG project evaluating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculants for enhancing onion production and management of soilborne pathogens in the Columbia Basin was completed in 2018. Results of 20 grower-cooperator field trials and companion growth chamber trials demonstrated clearly that moderate to high soil P levels typically used by onion growers in this region significantly reduce root colonization by AMF, negating the benefits of AMF inoculants in onion crops.

Objective 2  To understand how microbial populations and microbial gene expression are regulated by the biological (plants and microbes) and physical environment and how they influence disease. 

CA - The fungus Hyalorbilia aff. oviparasitica (basionym: Dactylella aff. oviparasitica) is a hyperparasite of the sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. It is the primary biological entity responsible for long-term population suppression of H. schachtii in field 9E at the University of California Riverside’s Agricultural Operations. Of three genetically different but closely related strains of H. oviparasitica only strain Do50 significantly reduced the number of J2 in an in vitro assay. Trypsin-like protease activity was uniquely detected in Do50 grown on PDA and H. schachtii females. Protease production, and specifically trypsin-like activity, may be an important component of virulence in H. oviparasitica parasitism of H. schachtii. 

NE - Impact of corn stalk removal practices on microbial community profile and crop disease’: Study included evaluation of ecosystem health with four different methods of corn stalk removal (heavy grazing, light grazing, bailing, and no removal). Sequence reads generated from 16S, ITS, and 18S primers through paired-end Illumina HiSeq platform in this study is being analyzed. Species diversity from the analysis of the operational taxonomic unit is being evaluated with targeted isolations of beneficial bacteria and fungi. This study will show some of the merits and demerits of the integration of crop and livestock production systems.

NJ - Our research on the rhizophagy cycle increases understanding in how microbes within plant tissues are regulated using reactive oxygen produced by the host plants.  Articles and chapters (below) address this application of host-produced reactive oxygen in regulation of microbes within plant tissues.  We were able to attend several (4) meetings where we shared research on the roles of endophytes and rhizophagy cycle in promoting plant growth and keeping plants healthy. 

NY - Genetic diversity and differentiation in Phoma betae populations on table beet in NY. Phoma betae is an important seedborne pathogen of table beet worldwide that is capable of causing foliar, root and damping-off diseases. Ten microsatellite markers and mating type markers were developed to investigate the genetics of P. betae populations in table beet root crops in NY and in table beet seed crops in Washington (WA), from where table beet seed is predominantly sourced. The markers were used to characterize 175 isolates comprising five P. betae populations (2 from NY and 3 from WA) and were highly polymorphic with an allelic range of 4 to 33 and an average of 11.7 alleles per locus. All populations had high genotypic diversity (Simpson’s index = 0.857 to 0.924) and moderate allelic diversity (Nei’s unbiased gene diversity = 0.582 to 0.653). Greater differentiation observed between populations from the two states compared to populations within the same state suggested that an external inoculum source, such as windblown ascospores, may be homogenizing the populations. These findings can be useful in designing more effective management strategies for diseases caused by P. betae in table beet production. 

NY - Change in a Phytophthora capsici population over time. To identify control strategies, it is important to know how a pathogen population in a field is changing over time.  Sexual, endemic populations of the heterothallic Phytophthora capsici continue to devastate vegetable crops in the northeast. In continuing studies, we are following a biparental population of P. capsici that was established in a research field in Geneva NY in 2008. Based on genotyping using nearly 10,000 SNPs, we have been able to differentiate F1 oospore progeny from more recent generations. F1 progeny were identified commonly for the first three field seasons, and then were only rarely or not at all identified for the next three years. In recent collections, we have again identified a significant percentage of F1 isolates. This is significant as we now know that the oospores can survive under field conditions in NY for more than 8 years. 

OR - Conducted controlled environment studies to test the thermal tolerance of selected plant pathogenic fungi, oomycetes, and bacteria. Results will be used to improve and expand the online predictive model for soil solarization. 

WA - Phenazine producers enhance biofilm production on roots.  Dryland wheat on the Columbia Plateau of the Pacific Northwest selects for phenazine antibiotic-producing Pseudomonas spp. that suppress a wide range of soilborne plant pathogens. Scientists at ARS Pullman, Washington State University, and the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratories demonstrated that the phenazine producers promote biofilm production on roots. This enhances water retention and likely influencing crop nutrition and soil health in dryland wheat fields. These results provide evidence that biocontrol agents provide benefits to crops that extend beyond pathogen control.

WA - Molecular communication in the wheat rhizosphere.  Plant roots secrete exudates that sustain and mediate communication with their rhizosphere microbiome. But the biochemical basis of these processes in cereals is poorly understood. ARS scientists, with collaborators at Southern Mississippi University, identified amino acids and compatible solutes in exudates of the wheat cultivar Tara, which supports superior populations of the suppressive bacterium Pseudomonas brassicacearum. These compounds, and the technology developed to recover and analyze the exudates, are important because they can help to explain the persistence of populations of disease-suppressive rhizobacteria on the roots of wheat suppressive of take-all throughout the Pacific Northwest. 

WA - Genotype-specific resistance gene expression of apple rootstocks cultivated in Brassicaceae seed meal amended soil. Seed meal-induced soil-borne disease control is reliant, in part, in specific transformations in the rhizosphere microbiome.  In addition, apple rootstocks recruit and support rhizosphere microbiomes that differ in a genotype-dependent manner. ARS scientists at Wenatchee, WA demonstrated that SM soil amendment induced significant changes in the apple root transcriptome and rhizosphere microbial community dynamics. Comparison across susceptible and ‘tolerant’ rootstock genotypes documented significant differences in the initiation of plant defense responses in SM treated soil that corresponded with rhizosphere microbiomes that were genotype-specific in composition.  Findings indicate that ostensibly tolerant rootstocks may possess an elevated constitutive expression of genes in disease resistance processes, relative to disease susceptible rootstocks, that are amplified in response to planting in SM treated soils. 

Objective 3 Implement sustainable management strategies for soilborne pathogens that are biologically based and are compatible with soil health management practices. 

KS - Charcoal rot is a soil-borne disease caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina that causes significant yield reductions in crop plants, including soybeans. Research was conducted to quantitate the presence of charcoal rot disease in soybeans and develop alternative management practices. Results demonstrated that the use of a mustard cover crop reduces charcoal rot disease in soybeans. Significantly fewer number of colony forming units (CFUs) of the fungal pathogen were observed in both the soil and plants from the treated plots than in the control plots. The method of managing the cover crop also impacted the number of CFUs in the soil. 

KS - Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) or Head Scab is a disease that occurs frequently in southeast Kansas and results in significant reductions in wheat yield. This research tested FHB control in two wheat cultivars varying in FHB disease susceptibility (Everest, moderately resistant, and KanMark, susceptible), four fungicide application treatments, and residue management (tilled or no-till) after corn harvest. The soil microbial activity changed in response to the wheat cultivar. The total microbial biomass, and microbial biomass of beneficial fungal populations (actinomycetes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)) were all less in the soil from KanMark plots in comparison to Everest plots. This indicates a potential mechanism of reduced soil-borne disease infestation in Everest. Results indicate use of fungicides reduce disease and increase yields

NY - Development of a species-specific PCR for detection and quantification of Meloidogyne hapla in soil using the 16D10 root-knot nematode effector gene. The Northern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla) is an important soilborne pathogen of numerous agricultural crops in temperate regions. Accurate detection and quantification is vital to supporting informed pest management decisions. However, traditional methods of manual nematode extraction and morphology-based identification are time consuming and prone to error from misidentification of species. The Meloidogyne spp. effector gene 16D10 was assessed as a target for a SYBR Green-I quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for detection and quantification of M. hapla. M. hapla-specific qPCR primers were developed and evaluated for specificity against five M. hapla isolates and 14 other plant-parasitic nematodes.  The utility of the qPCR was evaluated using soil samples collected from naturally infested potato fields, resulting in a significant positive relationship between populations estimated using qPCR and populations derived from manual counting. The qPCR developed in this study provides a useful method for detecting and quantifying M. hapla in soil, and demonstrates the utility of effector genes in plant-parasitic nematode diagnostics. 

OR - Conducted field trials of soil solarization in nursery crops and organic vegetable farms. Tested effects on soilborne plant pathogens, weed emergence, and crop growth. 

OR - Conducted field trials to determine the importance of minimum treatment area and soil moisture on soil solarization effectiveness for soilborne Phytophthora species. 

WA - Integration of rootstock genotype and reduced rate Brassica seed meal amendment yields effective replant disease control. A Brassica seed meal (SM) formulation developed by ARS scientists at Wenatchee, WA as a pre-plant soil amendment was previously shown to provide effective control of apple replant disease. Grower adoption of the management tactic has been slowed by implementation cost primarily associated with seed meal acquisition.  In field trials, SM application at 2/3 the 1X rate resulted in no decrease in treatment efficacy when used in conjunction with a susceptible apple rootstock (M.26).  When implemented with a tolerant rootstock (G.41), SM application at 1/3 the 1X rate resulted in replant disease control and apple fruit yields that were equivalent or superior to that attained with the conventional control measure of pre-plant soil fumigation (1,3-dichloropropene/chloropicrin). The integration of host tolerance and reduced rate SM amendment provide and economically viable alternative to manage replant disease in conventional and organic production systems. 

WA - Understanding how plant-soil feedbacks interact with plant-plant competition in wild communities. Using diverse Californian clovers as a model system in collaboration with scientists at UC Davis, we found that the complexity of the microbial community influenced the competition between closely related plants. In particular, complex microbial communities tended to weaken competitive interactions and, in one case, converted competition into facilitation. These effects correlated well with field observations of species coexistence. This work could have applied implications for designing improved intercropping practices with attention to the soil microbiome. 

WA - Genetic basis of interactions between Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae and spinach. The genomes of seven isolates of the spinach Fusarium wilt pathogen were sequenced in 2018 by MS student Alex Batson, in collaboration with Fusarium genomicists at the University of Amsterdam. From these sequences, two distinct clusters of putative effectors were identified that are unique to this forma specialis compared to the genome sequences of >100 isolates of ~20 other formae speciales. In tandem with this project, postdoctoral research associate Sanjaya Gyawali screened >800 spinach germplasm entries from the USDA NPGS and the Netherlands CGS for resistance to Fusarium wilt. A number of highly resistant lines have been identified and will be used to identify molecular markers for resistance that will enhance efforts to breed for resistance to spinach Fusarium wilt. 

Objective 4. Provide outreach, education, extension and technology transfer to our clients and stakeholders- growers, biocontrol industry, graduate and undergraduate students, K-12 students and other scientists. 

Becker - gave 19 presentations at scientific symposia, pest control advisor and grower meetings, at field days and to students. The talks addressed various aspects about plant-parasitic nematodes and other soilborne pathogens including diseases nematodes may cause, their natural enemies and potential IPM practices to mitigate plant damage and crop loss. The clientele included University of California Cooperative Extension Specialists, farm and UC IPM advisors, private pest control advisors, golf course and sports facility superintendents, agrochemical and biocontrol industry scientists, commodity representatives, USDA and CDFA scientists, students, faculty and other researchers from various public and private Universities and research institutions, agricultural commissioner’s personnel, growers, Master gardeners as well as the general public. 

du Toit - advised one postdoctoral research associate on screening for resistance to Fusarium wilt of spinach, advised 3 MS students (two of whom work on soilborne fungal and oomycete pathogens of vegetables), co-advised one PhD student, and served on four PhD students’ and four MS students’ committees. 

Friesen - advised three postdoctoral research associates at WSU and trained three undergraduates in plant-microbe interactions including organismal and molecular techniques. She also advised three postdoctoral research associates and one PhD student at Michigan State University during her adjunct appointment time. 

Hao - presented at two field days, and 4 growers meetings, trained 4 graduate and 1 undergraduate students 

Mazzola - The USDA-ARS Tree Fruit Research Lab provided training in molecular biology and microbial ecology to two underserved Washington State University undergraduate students (May-August 2018). Mazzola is mentoring one PhD and one MSc student at WSU, one PhD and one MSc student at Stellenbosch University in South Africa, and one MSc student at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo.  Mazzola is mentoring three Postdoctoral Research Associates and serves as mentor of an additional Postdoctoral Research Associate funded through a NIFA-AFRI Postdoctoral Grant. 

Okubara - co-supervised 2 Ph.D. students and served on 7 MS committees.

Olukolu - We provided summer research experience to two high school students who were interested in working on soil microbiomes that interact closely with the root system. Currently, 2 PhD students and a honors undergraduate student are conducting experiments in sweetpotato and maize rhizosphere/soil microbiome. 

Parke - Presented at a field day, gave two invited talks at grower meetings, and organized a half-day grower workshop. Produced and recorded an hour-long lesson for an online course. Published two articles in trade journals and posted two instructional videos for growers. Maintained two educational websites about Phytophthora pathogens. 

Paulitz - advised two postdoctoral research associates and one MSc student, co-supervised 2 PhD students (including an African American woman) and served on thesis committee of 2 MS and 1 PhD students. Paulitz was on the planning and program committee for the Joint meeting of the American Phytopathological Society Pacific Division meeting and the 63th Annual Conference on Soilborne Pathogens in Portland, OR in June 2018. He organized a concurrent session “Unlocking the Secrets of Suppressive Soils: Insights From the Microbiome” at the International Congress of Plant Pathology, Boston, MA July 28-Aug 3, 2018. Schlatter, a postdoc in the Paulitz lab, presented a workshop on best practices and methods in amplicon sequencing and data analysis (July 9-11, 2018, Washington State University) 

Pethybridge - In 2018, Pethybridge gave 27 extension/outreach presentations on soilborne disease management to the broadacre vegetable industry stakeholders and growers. These presentations were predominantly meetings organized by Cornell Cooperative Extension throughout NY. One undergraduate student was involved in a study quantifying the ratio of mating types within Phoma betae populations in NY and WA. 

Sassenrath - Presentations on wheat and soybean disease and corn production were given to producers at field days, extension meetings, and informal extension coffee meetings. One radio interview on disease suppression in soybeans and one interview on corn harvest efficiency was conducted, and broadcast through the K-State Agronomy Radio Network. Two presentations were made to scientific meetings, and three reports of progress were published for farmers. One general press article was written and published on soil health. Three field days and on-farm demonstrations were developed and presented to farmers. Eleven presentations were made to farmers, conservationists, extension agents and agronomist on crop production systems, conservation practices, and soil health. One booklet of information on soil and water health was published and has been distributed extensively in the region to farmers and the general public. 

Smart - In 2018, Smart gave 5 talks to growers, extension educators and industry representatives on strategies to control Phytophthora blight.  These included talks at the NY state fruit and veg expo, talks at winter grower meetings, and summer twilight meetings.  Undergraduate research experience. 

The Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section on the Geneva Campus of Cornell University established a summer scholars program to increase the involvement of undergraduate researchers in applied agricultural sciences.  In 2018, 36 students presented posters at the end of the program.  Each summer, several students are involved with projects that are part of the W3147 multi-state project.  During the summer of 2018, two students in the Smart lab worked on Phytophthora capsici studying the pathogen biology and host susceptibility.  Outreach to K-12 students. 

We have continued our outreach program to third-grade students in the Geneva City School District (Geneva, NY).  Part of this outreach includes a summer science camp, where students study different aspects of food production utilizing a garden that they plant at their school.  One week of the 5-week program focuses on the importance of healthy soil to producing healthy vegetables. During 2018, 12 students took part in the 5 week program.

Peer-reviewed 

Aiello, D, Hansen, ZR, Smart, CD, Polizzi, G, and Guarnaccia, V 2018 Characterization and mefenoxam sensitivity of Phytophthora spp. from ornamental plants in Italian nurseries. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 57:17-28 

Akinrinlola, R. J., Yuen, G. Y., Rhae A. Drijber, and Adesemoye, A. O. 2018. Evaluation of bacillus strains for plant growth promotion and predictability of efficacy by in vitro physiological traits. International Journal of Microbiology Volume 2018 (ID 5686874): 1-11. Doi.org/10.1155/2018/5686874. 

Bowsher, Alan W; Evans, Sarah; Tiemann, Lisa K; Friesen, Maren L. 2018.  Effects of soil nitrogen availability on rhizodeposition in plants: a review. Plant and Soil  423(1-2):59-85 

Cho, G., Kim, J., Park, C., Nislow, C., Kwak, Y., Weller, D.M. 2018. Caryolan-1-ol, an antifungal volatile produced by Streptomyces spp., inhibits the endomembrane system of fungi. The Open Biology Journal. 7:170075.

Cheng, W., Cheng, J., Nie, Q., Huang, D., Yu, C., Zheng, L., Cai, M., Yu, Z., Zhang, J., Thomashow, L.S., Weller, D.M. 2017. Volatile organic compounds from Paenibacillus polymyxa KM2501-1 control Meloidogyne incognita by multiple strategies. Scientific Reports. 7:16213.  

Coates, R., Bowen, B.P., Oberortner, E., Thomashow, L.S., Hadjithomas, M., Zhao, Z., Ke, J., Silva, L., Louie, K., Wang, G., Robinson, D., Tarver, A., Hamilton, M., Lubbe, A., Feltcher, M., Dangl, J., Pati, A., Weller, D.M., Northen, T.R., Cheng, J., Mouncey, N.J., Deutsch, S.,

Drake, I., J.F. White, F. Belanger. 2018. Identification of the fungal endophyte of Ammophila breviligulata (American beachgrass) as Epichloë amarillans. Peer J. 6:e4300 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4300(1) 

Fuerst EP, James MS, Pollard AT, Okubara PA. 2018. Defense enzyme responses in dormant wild oat and wheat caryopses challenged with a seed decay pathogen. Front. Plant Sci. 8:2259. 

Fukada, H., Derie, M.L., Shishido, M, and du Toit, L.J. 2018. Phomopsis black root rot of cucumber in Washington State caused by Diaporthe sclerotioides. Plant Disease 102:1657. 

Ge, T., Jiang, H.H., Hao, J.J., Johnson, S.B. 2018. First report of Pectobacterium parmentieri causing bacterial soft rot and blackleg on potato in Maine. Plant Disease 102: 437. DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-05-17-0659-PDN.R2. 

Ginnan NA, Dang T, Bodaghi S, Ruegger PM, Peacock, BB, McCollum G, England G, Vidalakis G, Roper C, Rolshausen P, Borneman J. 2018. Bacterial and Fungal Next Generation Sequencing Datasets and Metadata from Citrus Infected with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. Phytobiomes 2:64-70. 

Gorny, A. M., Hay, F. S., Wang, X., and Pethybridge, S. J. 2018. Isolation of nematode DNA from 100 g of soil using Fe₃O₄ super paramagnetic nanoparticles. Nematology 20:271-283.10.1163/15685411-00003140. 

Han, S., Jiang, N., Li, Q., Kan, Y., Hao, J., Li, J., and Luo, L. 2018. Detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in viable but nonculturable state from tomato seed using improved qPCR. PLoS One. 2018; 13(5): e0196525. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196525. 10.1371/journal.pone.0194436. 

Hsiao, C.-J., Sassenrath, G.F., Zeglin, L., Hettiarachchi, G.M., Rice, C.W. 2018. Vertical stratification of soil microbial properties in claypan soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 121L154-164. doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.03.012 

Irizarry, I., J. F. White. 2018. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alters gene expression, ROS production, and lignin synthesis in cotton seedling roots.  J. Applied Microbiology 124: 1589-1603. doi:10.1111/jam.13744 

James, M.S., Pollard, A.T., Okubara, P.A., Fuerst, E.P. 2018. Defense enzyme responses in dormant wild oat and wheat caryopses challenged with a seed decay pathogen. Frontiers in Plant Science. Vol. 8, article 2259. 

Knerr, A.J., Wheeler, D., Schlatter, D., Sharma-Poudyal, D., du Toit, L.J., and Paulitz, T.C. 2019. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in organic and conventional onion crops in the Columbia Basin of the Pacific Northwest USA. Phytobiomes 2: in press. http://dx.doi.org/10/.1094/PBIOMES-05-18-0022-R

Leisso, R., Rudell, D., and Mazzola, M. 2018. Novel axenic methods for targeted apple rootstock rhizodeposit metabolic profiling indicate genotype specific differences and validate quantitative contributions from vegetative growth.  Frontiers in Plant Science 9:1336. 

Koch, E., J.O. Becker, G. Berg, R. Hauschild, J. Jehle, J. Köhl, and K. Smalla 2018. Biocontrol of plant diseases is not an unsafe technology! Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 125(2): 121–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-018-0158-4 http://rdcu.be/JrGD 

Lata, R., S. Chowdhury, S. K. Gond, J.F. White, Jr. 2018. Induction of abiotic stress tolerance in plants by endophytic microbes. Letters in Applied Microbiology. DOI: 10.1111/lam.12855. 

Mahoney, A.K., Babiker, E.M., See, D.R., Paulitz, T.C., Okubara, P.A., Hulbert, S.H. 2017. Analysis and mapping of Rhizoctonia root rot resistance traits from the synthetic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) line SYN-172. Molecular Breeding. https://doi 10.1007/s11032-017-0730-9 

Manici, L. M., Caputo, F., Sacca, M. L., Kelderer, M., Nicoletti, F., Topp, A. R. and Mazzola, M. 2018. Involvement of Dactylonectria and Ilyonectria spp. in tree decline affecting multi-generational apple orchards. Plant and Soil 425:217-230.

Mavrodi, D., Mavrodi, O., Elbourne, L., Tetu, S., Bonsall, R., Parejko, J., Yang, M., Paulsen, I., Weller, D.M., Thomashow, L.S. 2018. Long-term irrigation affects the dynamics and activity of the wheat rhizosphere microbiome. Frontiers in Plant Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00345. 

Okubara, P.A., Kumar, N., Hohenarter, L., Graham, D., Kandel, S., Doty, S.L., Micknass, U., Kogel, K.H., Imani, J. 2017. Inhibition of plant-interacting microbes by Vegelys®, an Allium-based antimicrobial formulation. Journal of Biology and Nature. 8,issue2, pp. 40-51.

Mazzola, M., Muramoto, J., and Shennan, C. 2018. Anaerobic disinfestation induced changes to the soil microbiome, disease incidence and strawberry fruit yields in California field trials. Applied Soil Ecology 127:74-86. 

Moein, S., Mazzola, M., Ntushelo, N. S., and McLeod, A. 2018. Apple nursery trees and irrigation water as external inoculum sources of apple replant disease in South Africa. European Journal of Plant Pathology (in press). 

Obasa, K., Adesemoye, A.O., Obasa, R., Moraga-Amador, D., Shinogle H., Alvarez, S. Endohyphal Bacteria Correlated with Virulence, Increased Expression of Fumonisin Biosynthetic Genes, and Production of Fumonisin and Macroconidia in a Fusarium fujikuroi Isolate from Wheat. Phytobiome (Submitted).

Parikh L. and Adesemoye, A. O. 2018. Impact of delivery method on the efficacy of biological control agents and the virulence of Fusarium root rot pathogen in the greenhouse. Biocontrol Science and Technology 28:12, 1191-1202. DOI:10.1080/09583157.2018.1520198: 1-12. 

Parikh, L., Eskelson, M. J., Adesemoye, A. O. 2018. Relationship of in vitro and in planta screening: improving the selection process for biological control agents against Fusarium root rot in row crops. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 51: 156-169. 

Paulitz, T.C., Schlatter, D.C., Kinkel, L., Thomashow, L.S., Weller, D.M. 2017. Disease Suppressive Soils:  New Insights from the Soil Microbiome. Phytopathology 107:1284-1297 

Peritore-Galve, F.C., Schneider, D.J., Stodghill, P., Yang, Y., Thannhauser, T.W., and Smart, CD (2018) Proteogenomic protein profile of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. Proteome in press. 

Pethybridge, S. J., and Nelson, S. C. 2018. Estimate, a new iPad application for assessment of plant disease severity using photographic standard area diagrams.  Plant Dis. 102:276-281. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/pdf/10.1094/PDIS-07-17-1094-SR. 

Pethybridge, S. J., Hay, F. S., Gorny, A. M., and Kikkert, J. R. 2018. Spatiotemporal attributes and crop loss associated with tan spot epidemics in baby lima bean in New York.  Plant Dis. 102:405-412. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/pdf/10.1094/PDIS-07-17-1096-RE.

Pethybridge, S. J., Kikkert, J. R., Hanson, L. E., and Nelson, S. C. 2018. Challenges and prospects for building resilient disease management strategies and tactics for the New York table beet industry. Review Article. agronomy 8(7):112. http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/8/7/112. Selected as cover story and home page for issue: http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/8/7. 

Rowe, Shawna L; Norman, Jeffrey S; Friesen, ML; 2018. Coercion in the Evolution of Plant–Microbe Communication: A Perspective. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 31(8):789-794

Schillinger, W., Paulitz, T.C. 2018. Canola versus Wheat Rotation Effects on Subsequent Wheat Yield. Field Crops Research 223:26-32. 

Schlatter, D.C., Burke, I., Paulitz, T.C. 2018. Succession of fungal and oomycete communities in glyphosate-killed wheat roots. Phytopathology 108:582-594. 

Schlatter, D.C., Yin, C., Hulbert, S., Burke, I., Paulitz, T.C. 2017. Subtle impacts of repeated glyphosate use on wheat-associated bacteria are small and depend on glyphosate use history. Applied and Environmental Microbiology https://doi.10.1128/AEM.01354-17. 

Sharma-Poudyal, D., Schlatter, D.C., Yin, C., Hulbert, S., Paulitz, T.C. 2017. Long-term No-Till: A Major Driver of Fungal Communities in Dryland Wheat Cropping Systems. PLoS One. 12:10.1371/journal.pone.0184611. 

Schlatter, D.C., Schillinger, W.F., Bary, A.I., Sharratt, B.S., Paulitz, T.C. 2017. Biosolids and conservation tillage: Impacts on soil fungal communities in dryland wheat-fallow cropping systems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 115:556-567.

Schlatter, D.C., Yin, C., Hulbert, S., Burke, I., Paulitz, T.C. 2017. Location, Root Proximity, and Glyphosate-use History Modulate the Effects of Glyphosate on Fungal Community Networks of Wheat. Microbial Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-017-1113-9. 

Schlatter, D.C., Schillinger, W.F., Bary, A.I., Sharratt, B.S., Paulitz, T.C. 2018. Dust-associated Microbiomes from Dryland Wheat Fields Differ with Tillage Practice and Biosolids Application. Atmospheric Environment. 185:29-40. 

Schlatter, D.C., Kahl, K., Carlson, B.R., Huggins, D.R., Paulitz, T.C. 2018. Fungal community composition and diversity vary with soil depths and landscape position in a no-till wheat cropping system. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiy098. 

Shah, D. A., Dillard, H. R., and Pethybridge, S. J. 2018. Hierarchical models for white mould in snap bean. Plant Pathol. 67:145-155. 

Shennan, C., Muramoto, J., Koike, S., Baird, G., Fennimore, S., Samtani, J., Bolda, M., Dara, S., Daugovish, O., Lazarovits, G., Butler, D., Rosskopf, E., Kokalis-Burelle, N., Klonsky, K. and Mazzola, M. 2018. Anaerobic soil disinfestation is a potential alternative to soil fumigation for control of certain soil-borne pathogens in strawberry production. Plant Pathology 67:51-66. 

Siefert, Andrew; Zillig, Kenneth W; Friesen, Maren L; Strauss, Sharon Y; 2018. Soil microbial communities alter conspecific and congeneric competition consistent with patterns of field coexistence in three Trifolium congeners Journal of Ecology 106(5):1876-1891 

Sun, W., Z. Xiong, L. Chu, W. Li, M. Soares, J. F. White, H-Y. Li. 2018. Bacterial communities of three plant species from Pb-Zn contaminated sites and plant-growth promotional benefits of endophytic Microbacterium sp. (strain BXGe71).  J. Hazardous Materials DOI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.02.003.

Wang, X., Glawe, D.A., Kramer, E., Weller, D.M., Okubara, P.A. 2018. Biological control of Botrytis cinerea: interactions with native vineyard yeasts from Washington State. Phytopathology 108:691-701. https://apsjournals-apsnet-org.nal.idm.oclc.org/doi/pdf/10.1094/PHYTO-09-17-0306-R.

Wang, L., and Mazzola M. 2018. Effect of soil physical conditions on emission of allyl isothiocyanate and subsequent microbial inhibition in response to Brassicaceae seed meal amendment. Plant Disease doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-18-1389-RE 

Verma, S., J. F. White. 2018. Indigenous endophytic seed bacteria promote seedling development and defend against fungal disease in browntop millet (Urochloa ramosa L.). J. Applied Microbiology. DOI 10.1111/jam.13673 

Verma, S.K., K.L. Kingsley, M.S. Bergen, K.P. Kowalski, J.F. White. 2018. Fungal disease protection in rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings by growth promoting seed-associated endophytic bacteria from invasive Phragmites australis. MDPI: Microorganisms.  2018 Mar 8;6(1). pii: E21. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms6010021. 

Wang, L., and Mazzola, M. 2018. Interaction of Brassicaceae seed meal soil amendment and apple rootstock genotype on microbiome structure and replant disease suppression. Phytopathology 108: doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-07-18-0230-R 

White, J.F.; Kingsley, K.L.; Verma, S.K.; Kowalski, K.P. Rhizophagy Cycle: An Oxidative Process in Plants for Nutrient Extraction from Symbiotic Microbes. Microorganisms 2018, 6, 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6030095 

Yoshikuni, Y. 2018. An integrated workflow for phenazine biosynthetic gene cluster discovery and characterization. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10295-018-2025-5. 

Zhang, X. M., Jiang, H. and Hao, J. 2018. Evaluation of the risk of development of fluopicolide resistance in Phytophthora erythroseptica. Plant Disease. DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-02-18-0366-RE. 

Zhai, Y., Shao, Z., Cai, M., Zheng, L., Li, G., Huang, D., Cheng, W., Thomashow, L.S., Weller, D.M., Yu, Z., Zhang, J. 2018. Multiple modes of nematode control by volatiles of Pseudomonas putida 1A00316 from Antarctic soil against Meloidogyne incognita. Frontiers in Microbiology.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00253.  

Books and book chapters 

Mazzola, M. and Hewavitharana, S. S. 2018. Advances in understanding tree fruit-rhizosphere microbiome relationships for enhanced plant health. In, Achieving sustainable cultivation of temperate zone tree fruits and berries. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing. Cambridge, UK 

Verma SK, White JF. (Eds.) 2019. Seed Endophytes: Biology and Biotechnology. 21 chapters, Springer, Germany. 

White JF, Torres MS, Verma SK, Elmore MT, Kowalski KP, Kingsley KL. 2019. Evidence for widespread microbivory of endophytic bacteria in roots of vascular plants through oxidative degradation in root cell periplasmic spaces. In: PGPR Amelioration in Sustainable Agriculture: Food Security and Environmental Management (Eds. Kumar A, Singh A, Singh V), Elsevier. 

White JF, Kingsley K, Harper CJ, Verma SK, Brindisi L, Chen Q, Chang X, Micci A, Bergen M 2018.  Reactive Oxygen Defense Against Cellular Endoparasites and the Origin of Eukaryotes. Chapter in: Krings M, Harper CJ, Cuneo NR, Rothwell GW (Eds.). Transformative Paleobotany: Papers to Commemorate the Life and Legacy of Thomas N. Taylor.  Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 

White, JF, Kathryn L. Kingsley, Susan Butterworth, Lara Brindisi, Judy W. Gatei, Matthew T. Elmore, Satish Kumar Verma, Xiang Yao^,, Kurt P. Kowalski. 2019. Seed-vectored microbes: Their roles in improving seedling fitness and competitor plant suppression. Chapter in: Verma SK and White JF, Seed Endophytes: Biology and Biotechnology, Springer, Germany. 

Extension and technical bulletins 

Adesemoye, A. O. 2018. Root and Soilborne Diseases Update. CropWatch July 2, 2018. 

Adesemoye, A. O. 2018. Soilborne and early seedling pathogens and delayed planting in corn and soybean. CropWatch May 3, 2018. 

Adesemoye, A. O. 2018. Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome in West Central Nebraska. August 24, 2018. 

Adesemoye, A. O. 2018. Weather: Root and Soilborne Diseases. Proceedings of the 2018 Nebraska Crop Management Conference. University of Nebraska Extension. Pp. 13-14. 

Adesemoye, A. O., Eskelson, M. J., and Kodati, S. 2018. Evaluation of biological products for the management of fungal leaf spots of wheat in Nebraska, 2017. Plant Disease Management Reports. Report 12:CF089. 

Becker, J.O., and B. Westerdahl 2017. Citrus: Nematodes. Pp. 183-185. In: UC IPM Pest Management Guideline: Citrus, UC ANR Publication 3441, Publication URL:  http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/selectnewpest.citrus.html (http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PDF/PMG/pmgcitrus.pdf) (major revision). 

Dankwa, A.S., Ge, T.L., Marangoni, N.F., Giggie, E., Hao, J.J. 2018. Evaluation of Elumin alone or tank mixed 

du Toit, L., and Yorgey, G. 2018. Onion stunting after cereal cover crops. Page 6. Timing of glyphosate applications to wheat cover crops to reduce onion stunting caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Page 7. Efficacy of fungicide applications to manage onion stunting caused by Rhizoctonia spp. Pages 7-8. In: Strip-tillage for onions and sweet corn, Lorin Grigg. Farmer to Farmer Case Study Series on Increasing Resilience among Farmers in the Pacific Northwest. Washington State University Extension PNW702. 

du Toit, L.J., Derie, M.L., and Holmes, B.J. 2018. Evaluation of natamycin seed treatments for Stemphylium, Verticillium, and other fungi on spinach seed, 2017. Plant Disease Management Reports 12:ST003. 

du Toit, L.J., Derie, M.L., Holmes, B.J., and Batson, A. 2018. Evaluation of natamycin seed treatments for Stemphylium botryosum and other necrotrophic fungi on spinach seed, 2017. Plant Disease Management Reports 12:V050. 

du Toit, L.J., Derie, M.L., Holmes, B.J., and Correll, J.C. 2018. Evaluation of seed treatments for Colletotrichum dematium, Stemphylium botryosum, and Verticillium dahliae on spinach seed, 2017. Plant Disease Management Reports 12:V051. 

du Toit, L.J., Derie, M.L., Holmes, B.J., and Stearns, T. 2018. Steam treatments for necrotrophic fungi on spinach seed, 2017. Plant Disease Management Reports 12:ST004.

du Toit, L.J., Derie, M.L., Holmes, B.J., Henrichs, B.A., Winkler, L.R., Waters, T.D., and Darner, J. 2018. The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculants on pink root and yield in an onion crop near Paterson, WA, 2016. Plant Disease Management Reports 12:V102. 

Dupont, T., Hewavitharana, S. S., and Mazzola, M. 2018. Phytophthora crown, collar and root rot of apple and cherry. http://treefruit.wsu.edu/crop-protection/disease-management/phytophthora/ 

Fukada, H., and du Toit, L.J. 2018. Cucumber – black root rot. Page 4C-91 in: 2018 Pacific Northwest Pacific Northwest Disease Management Handbook, J.W. Pscheidt and C.M. Ocamb, editors. A Pacific Northwest Extension Publication, Oregon State University, Washington State University, University of Idaho. https://pnwhandbooks.org/plantdisease/host-disease/cucumber-cucumis-sativa-black-root-rot 

Ge, T.L., Liu, Q.L, Marangoni, N.F., Dankwa, A.S., Giggie, E., Hao, J.J. 2018. Evaluation of seed treatments and in-furrow treatments for dry rot and silver scurf control on potato, 2017. Plant Disease Management Reports. 

Ge, T.L., Liu, Q.L, Marangoni, N.F., Dankwa, A.S., Giggie, E., Hao, J.J. 2018. Evaluation of Vertisan 1.67 for control of Fusarium dry rot and silver scurf on potato, 2017. Plant Disease Management Reports. 

Ge, T.L., Marangoni, N.F., Dankwa, A.S., Giggie, E., Hao, J.J. 2018. Efficacy and crop safety of a20588a for control of black scurf on potato in Presque Isle, ME, 2017. Plant Disease Management Reports. 

Ge, T.L., Song, S.Q., Marangoni, N.F., Dankwa, A.S., Giggie, E., Hao, J.J. 2018. Growth and yield enhancement on potatoes, 2017. Plant Disease Management Reports. 

Ge, T.L., Song, S.Q., Marangoni, N.F., Dankwa, A.S., Giggie, E., Hao, J.J. 2018. Effects of A19649B for control of Fusarium on potato, 2017. Plant Disease Management Reports. 

Hewavitharana, S. S., DuPont, T. and Mazzola, M. 2018. Apple Replant Disease. http://treefruit.wsu.edu/crop-protection/disease-management/apple-replant-disease/ 

Hsiao, C.J., Sassenrath, G.F., Rice, C., Hettiarachchi, G., Zeglin, L. 2018. Soil Health Profile in Claypan Soils. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 4: Iss. 3. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7575 

Hsiao, C.-J., Sassenrath, G.F., Rice, C.W., Zeglin, L.H. 2018. Long-term fertilization and tillage effects on soil microbial properties with depth. Abstract 111912. American Society of Agronomy Annual Meeting, Nov. 4-7, 2018, Baltimore, MD 

Kikkert, J. R., and Pethybridge, S. J. 2018. Fungicides registered for control of Cercospora leaf spot in conventional table beet in New York. Cornell VegEdge 14(11):4.

Kikkert, J. R., and Pethybridge, S. J. 2018. Increased risk for white mold in bean. Cornell VegEdge 14(16):4. 

Kikkert, J. R., and Pethybridge, S. J. 2018. Leaf diseases found on table beets in New York State. Cornell VegEdge 14 (11):4-5. 

Koenick, L., and Pethybridge, S. J. 2018. Phoma leaf spot and root rot of table beet. Extension Bulletin. Pp. 1. 

Lange, H.W., Seaman, A.J.  Evaluation of products allowed for organic production on tomato leaf mold in high tunnel production, 2017. Plant Disease Management Report. Volume 11: V091 

 Lange, H.W., Smart, C.D. and Seaman, A.J. Evaluation of materials allowed for organic production of early blight on tomato, 2017. Plant Disease Management Report. Volume 11: V090 

Lange, H.W., Smart, C.D. and Seaman, A.J. Evaluation of materials allowed for organic production on bacterial spot of tomato, 2017. Plant Disease Management Report. Volume 11: V089 

 Lange, H.W., Smart, C.D. and Seaman, A.J. Evaluation of materials allowed for organic production on bacterial speck of tomato, 2017. Plant Disease Management Report. Volume 11: V088 

Lange, H.W., Smart, C.D. Evaluation of materials for control of bacterial canker of tomato, 2017. Plant Disease Management Report. Volume 11: V092 

Lange, H.W., Smart, C.D. Evaluation of materials for control of black rot of cabbage, 2017. Plant Disease Management Report. Volume 11: V087 

Marangoni, N.F., Ge, T.L., Dankwa, A.S., Song, S.Q., Liu, Q., Giggie, E., Hao, J.J. 2018. Evaluation of fungicides for control of grey mold and white mold on potato, Presque Isle, ME, 2017. Plant Disease Management Reports. 

Marangoni, N.F., Ge, T.L., Dankwa, A.S., Song, S.Q., Liu, Q., Giggie, E., Hao, J.J. 2018. Evaluation of Revus as a seed treatment for the control of pink rot and late blight of potato in Presque Isle, ME, 2017. Plant Disease Management Reports. 

Marangoni, N.F., Ge, T.L., Dankwa, A.S., Song, S.Q., Liu, Q., Giggie, E., Hao, J.J. 2018. Developing an A22202A fungicide premix for potato late blight/ pink rot. Presque Isle, 2017. Plant Disease Management Reports. 

Parke, J. L.,  Mallory-Smith, C., Dragila, M., Hill, B., Wada, N., Weidman, C., Coop, L., Buckland, K. 2018. Soil solarization – a potential tool for organic growers to manage weeds and improve soil health. Organic Farmer 1(4):12-18. https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/fullscreen/62280511/organic-farmer-dec-jan-2019 

Pethybridge, S. J. 2018. Cornell Integrated Crop and Pest Management Guidelines for Commercial Vegetable Production. Chapter 13 – Beans. Updates. Pp. 33. 

Pethybridge, S. J. 2018. Cornell Integrated Crop and Pest Management Guidelines for Commercial Vegetable Production. Chapter 14 – Beets. Updates. Pp. 17. 

Pethybridge, S. J., and Kikkert, J. R. 2018. Efficacy of fungicides for the control of white mold in light red kidney bean, 2017. Plant Dis. Man. Rep. 12:CF013.http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/volume12/abstracts/cf013.asp.

Pethybridge, S. J., Hansen, Z., Knight, N., and Kikkert, J. R. 2018. Efficacy of fungicides for Cercospora leaf spot control in table beet, 2017. Plant Dis. Man. Rep. 12:CF086.http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/trial/pdmr/volume12/abstracts/cf086.asp. 

Redekar, N. and Parke, J. L. 2018. Test your irrigation water for Phytophthora. American Nurseryman (March issue) 6 pp. 

Redekar, N., Parke, J. L., and Eberhart. 2018. 2018. How to use rapid test kits to detect Phytophthora in plant samples. Video. (8:28 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5BoqflIdNwg 

Redekar, N., Parke, J. L., and Eberhart. 2018. Baiting: a method for early detection of Phytophthora. Video. (5:01 min.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=SJx7gzXyXoM 

Sassenrath, G.F. 2018. To till or not to till? Montgomery County NRCS bulletin and other general press publications 

Sassenrath, G.F., Davis, K., Sassenrath-Cole, A., Riding, N. 2018. Exploring the Physical, Chemical and Biological Components of Soil: Improving Soil Health for Better Productive Capacity. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 4: Iss. 3. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7577 

Sassenrath, G.F., Mengarelli, L., Lingenfelser, J., Lin, X., Shoup, D.E. 2018. Crop Production Summary, Southeast Kansas – 2017. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 4: Iss. 3.https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7573 

Wohleb, C.H., Waters, T.W., and du Toit, L.J. 2018. Washington State University Extension Onion Alerts. Contributed disease information and photos for WSU Onion Alerts released online on 24 Apr., 23 May, 31 May, 3 Jul., 16 Aug., 27 Aug., 1 Oct., and 31 Oct. 2018. https://us13.campaign-archive.com/?u=2eff8714011ff4bfba18a0704&id=d75dc96e7f 

Zhao, H., Sassenrath, G., Lin, X. Evaluation of winter wheat phenology models in eastern Kansas. Abstract 112183. American Society of Agronomy Annual Meeting, Nov. 4-7, 2018, Baltimore, MD 

Meeting presentations and proceedings 

Curland, R. D., McNally, R. R., Webster, B. T., Charkowski, A., Perry, K. L., Hao, J. G. Secor, C. T. Bull, N. Rosenzweig, S. Johnson, R. Larkin, C. A. Ishimaru. 2018. Phylogeny of pectolytic bacteria associated with recent outbreaks of potato soft rot and black leg in the United States. Annual Meeting of American Phytopathological Society. Boston, MA. Jul. 29-Aug. 3, 2018. 

du Toit, L.J. 2018. Spinach seed production in the Pacific Northwest USA. Invited presentation, International Spinach Conference, 14-16 Feb. 2018, Murcia, Spain. https://spinach.uark.edu/spain-presentations/ (see Abstracts above) 

du Toit, L.J. Case studies of the complexity of seedborne and seed transmitted fungi affecting regional and global seed trade. Guest speaker, joint symposium of American Phytopathological Society (APS) and Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (SIPaV), 24^th National Congress of SIPaV, 5-7 Sep. 2018, Ancona, Italy. (~250 people) 

du Toit, L.J. Complexities and synergies in large-scale conventional and organic agriculture in Washington. Organic Fresh Food Panel. Invited presentation at Spring 2018 University Industry Consortium Meeting, 24-27 Apr. 2018, Walter Clore Wine & Culinary Center, Prosser, WA. (75 people) 

 du Toit, L.J. Impact of fungicides on plant health. Invited presentation, Pest Management Session of the Pacific Northwest Vegetable Association Annual Convention & Trade Show, 14-15 Nov. 2018, Kennewick, WA. (175 people) 

du Toit, L.J. Management of Fusarium basal rot of onion. Invited presentation, Onion Session of the Pacific Northwest Vegetable Association Annual Convention & Trade Show, 14-15 Nov. 2018, Kennewick, WA. (200 people) 

du Toit, L.J. Regionally appropriate fungicide programs for common onion pathogens in the Columbia Basin. Invited presentation, Onion Session of the Pacific Northwest Vegetable Association Annual Convention & Trade Show, 14-15 Nov. 2018, Kennewick, WA. (200 people)

du Toit, L.J., Solemslie, R, and Waters, T. Early season diseases and pests of sweet corn in the Columbia Basin. International Sweet Corn Development Association Annual Meeting, 26-27 Nov. 2018, Wisconsin Dells, WI. (55 people) 

du Toit, L.J., Solemslie, R, and Waters, T. Early season diseases and pests of sweet corn in the Columbia Basin. Invited presentation, General Vegetable Session of the Pacific Northwest Vegetable Association Annual Convention & Trade Show, 14-15 Nov. 2018, Kennewick, WA. (85 people) 

Ge, T., Johnson, S.B., Larkin, R. and Hao, J. 2018. Isolation and Identification of Bacteria Causing Blackleg and Soft Rot of Potato. Annual Meeting of American Phytopathological Society. Boston, MA. Jul. 29-Aug. 3. 

Hewavitharana, S.S., Leisso, R.S., Honaas, L.A., Rudell Jr, D.R., Mazzola, M. Temporal dynamics of the soil metabolome and microbiome in response to anaerobic soil disinfestation. International Congress of Plant Pathology, Boston, Massachusetts, July 29-August 3, 2018. 

Marangoni, N., Hao, J. and Haynes, K.G. 2018. Resistance to soft rot bacteria in diploid S. phureja-S. stenotomum potatoes. Annual Meeting of Potato Association of America. Fargo, ND. Jul. 22-27. 

Mazzola organized concurrent session “Unlocking the Secrets of Suppressive Soils: Insights From the Microbiome” at International Congress of Plant Pathology, Boston, MA July 28-Aug 3, 2018. Presented invited talk at Rhizoctonia Workshop. 

Mazzola, M. “Mobilizing the rhizosphere microbiome to enhance orchard system resilience.” Bonares Conference: Soil as a Sustainable Resource, Berlin, Germany, February 26, 2018. 

Mazzola, M. 2018. Mobilizing the rhizosphere microbiome to enhance orchard system biologically-based methods to control soil-borne diseases. Proceedings of the 10^th Australasian Soilborne Disease Symposium. p. 106.1-106.2. 

Mazzola, M., Wang, L. and Hewavitharana, S. S. Development and application of biologically-based methods to control soil-borne diseases. 10^th Australasian Symposium on Soilborne Diseases. Adelaide, South Australia, September 4-7, 2018.

Okubara, P. Botrytis and Native Grape Yeasts—Not All Interactions Are Created Equal. Plant & Animal Genome XXVI, San Diego, CA, January 13, 2018. Workshop number W775. 

Okubara, P. Enhanced Phytoremediation with Plant-Microbe Partnerships. Rem Tech 2018, Rome, Italy, September 19, 2018. (remote presentation) 

Okubara, P. Harnessing the Power of the Plant Microbiome to Increase Crop Health, Growth, and Yield. The 3^rd Partnerships in Biocontrol, Biostimulants & Microbiome: USA, Philadelphia, PA, October 1-2, 2018. 

Okubara, P. Mechanisms for Conferring Tolerance to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses by the Plant Microbiome. Yosemite Symbiosis Workshop, Sierra Nevada Research Institute, Wawona, CA, May 4-6, 2018. 

Okubara, P. The Plant Microbiome: Key to Sustainable Food Production, Forestry, Bioenergy, and Reduction of Environmental Pollutants. Third International Conference on Applied Microbiology and Beneficial Microbes, Osaka, Japan, June 6-7, 2017. (remote presentation) 

Okubara, P. The Poplar Tree Microbiome:  Implications of the Ecosystem Within. Plant & Animal Genome XXVI, San Diego, CA, January 2018. 

Okubara, P. Using Plant-Microbe Symbiosis to Increase Plant Resilience. Recent Advances in Microbial Control Microbiomes Matter, Clearwater Beach, FL, Nov 4-6, 2018. 

Okubara, P. Using Plant-Microbe Symbiosis to Increase Resilience to Environmental Challenges. 2018 International Symbiosis Society Congress, July 16-20, 2018, Corvallis, OR. 

Paulitz, T. C. 2018 Washington State Report”, W-3147 Multistate Meeting, Managing Plant Microbe Interactions in Soil to Promote Sustainable Agriculture.  Ontario, CA Dec. 1, 2017 

Winslow, J., Mazzola, M., Holmes, G.J., Ivors, K. Integrating host resistance and organic amendments in a chemical-independent approach to managing Macrophomina crown rot in strawberries. International Congress of Plant Pathology, Boston, Massachusetts, July 29-August 3, 2018. 

Abstracts 

Akinrinlola, R., Adesemoye, A. O., and Yuen G. Y. 2018. Evaluation of PGPR strains in multiple crop hosts and predictability of growth promotion efficacy by PGPR traits. International Congress of Plant Pathology (ICPP)-American Phytopathological Society (APS) Joint Conference, Boston, MA. August 1 to 5, 2018. 

Batson, A.M., Peever, T.L., and du Toit, L.J. 2018. Determining the genetic basis of pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae on spinach. Abstract for International Spinach Conference, 14-16 Feb. 2018, Murcia, Spain. https://spinach.uark.edu/spain-presentations/ 

Batson, A.M., Peever, T.L., and du Toit, L.J. 2018. The Secreted in Xylem gene profile of the spinach Fusarium wilt pathogen. International Congress of Plant Pathology, 29 Jul.-5 Aug. 2018, Boston, MA. Phytopathology 108 :S1.207 https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/pdf/10.1094/PHYTO-108-10-S1.1 

Becker, J.O. 2018. A Cooperative Extension Specialist in Nematology: a California perspective. Journal of Nematology 50: 627. 

Becker, J.O., and J. Borneman 2018. An Appraisal of a Cyst Nematode-Suppressive Soil. International Symposium on Plant Parasitic Nematodes, June 15, 2018, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan. Abstract book page 18-19. 

Curland, R. D., McNally, R. R., Webster, B. T., Charkowski, A., Perry, K. L., Hao, J. G. Secor, C. T. Bull, N. Rosenzweig, S. Johnson, R. Larkin, C. A. Ishimaru. 2018. Phylogeny of pectolytic bacteria associated with recent outbreaks of potato soft rot and black leg in the United States. Annual Meeting of American Phytopathological Society. Boston, MA. Jul. 29-Aug. 3, 2018. 

du Toit, L.J. 2018. Spinach seed production in the Pacific Northwest USA. Invited presentation at International Spinach Conference, 14-16 Feb. 2018, Murcia, Spain. https://spinach.uark.edu/spain-presentations/ 

du Toit, L.J., and Correll, J.C. 2018. Case studies of the complexity of seedborne and seed transmitted fungi affecting regional and global seed trade. Guest speaker, joint symposium of American Phytopathological Society (APS) and Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (SIPaV), 24^th National Congress of SIPaV, 5-7 Sep. 2018, Ancona, Italy. 

Ge, T., Johnson, S.B., Larkin, R. and Hao, J. Isolation and Identification of Bacteria Causing Blackleg and Soft Rot of Potato. Annual Meeting of American Phytopathological Society. Boston, MA. Jul. 29-Aug. 3, 2018. 

Hao, J. Pink rot control with foliar applications. Annual Meeting of Maine Potato Conference. Caribou Inn, Presque Isle, ME. Jan. 16-17, 2018. 

Hao, J. Updates on blackleg and soft rot of potato. Annual Meeting of Maine Potato Conference. Caribou Inn, Presque Isle, ME. Jan. 16-17, 2018. 

Hao, J.J. and Jiang, H. Ecological perspectives on Phytophthora erythroseptica regulated by signal molecules. Soilborne Oomycete International Conference, Cheeca Lodge & Spa, Islamorada, FL, Dec. 4-6, 2018. 

Hao, J.J., Ge, T., Marangoni, N., Jiang, H., Johnson, S.B., Larkin, R.P. Characterization of the pathogens that cause blackleg of potato in Maine and their responses to chemical treatments and varieties. Euphresco III Dickeya/Pectobacterium Workshop. NAK, Emmeloord, The Netherlands, Nov. 15-16, 2018. 

Hao, J.J., Ge, T., Marangoni, N., Jiang, H., Johnson, S.B., Larkin, R.P., Tracking the bacteria associated with the outbreak of blackleg of potato in the Northeastern US. Euphresco III Dickeya/Pectobacterium Workshop. NAK, Emmeloord, The Netherlands, Nov. 15-16, 2018. 

Hewavitharana, S.S., Leisso, R.S., Honaas, L.A., Rudell Jr, D.R., Mazzola, M. 2018. Temporal

Kodati, S. and Adesemoye, A. O. 2018. Biology-based strategies for integrated management of Rhizoctonia solani in soybean fields. The 9th International Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Symposium, Baltimore, Maryland. March 19-22, 2018. 

Koenick, L., Knight, N., Vaghefi, N., du Toit, L., and Pethybridge, S. 2018. Genetic structure of Phoma betae populations in New York and Washington States, USA. International Congress of Plant Pathology, 29 Jul.-5 Aug. 2018, Boston, MA. Phytopathology 108:S1.87. https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/pdf/10.1094/PHYTO-108-10-S1.1 

Loffredo, A., J. Smith Becker, R. Fukui, and J.O. Becker 2017. Combination of microbial antagonists and a seed-delivered nematicide mitigated root-knot nematode-caused disease in tomato greenhouse and microplot trials. Journal of Nematology 49: 513. 

Marangoni, N., Hao, J. and Haynes, K.G. Resistance to soft rot bacteria in diploid S. phureja-S. stenotomum potatoes. Annual Meeting of Potato Association of America. Fargo, ND. Jul. 22-27, 2018. 

Parikh, L. and Adesemoye, A. O. 2018. Co-inoculation of Burkholderia ambifara C628 and Bacillus simplex R180 reduced Fusarium root rot disease in corn. The 9th International Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Symposium, Baltimore, Maryland. March 19-22, 2018. 

Parikh, L. and Adesemoye, A. O. 2018. Metabolomics approach to elucidate the mechanisms underlying biological control of Fusarium root rot by PGPR. International Congress of Plant Pathology (ICPP)-American Phytopathological Society (APS) Joint Conference, Boston, MA. August 1 to 5, 2018. 

 Parikh, L., Albala, S. A., and Adesemoye, A. O. Characterization and bioactivity of lipopeptides produced by Bacillus simplex and Burkholderia ambifaria. The 11th International Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Workshop, June 17-211, 2018 at Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. 

Ploeg, A., and J.O. Becker 2016. Abamectin as a microbial-derived nematicidal seed coating. European Society of Nematologists 32nd Symposium, abstract Book p. 73. 

Ploeg, A., J.O. Becker, and J. Nunez 2017. Managing root-knot nematodes in organic carrot production – an overview of California studies. International Carrot Conference, Bakersfield, CA. PM-107. 

Qiong, He, H.Y. Wu, J.S. Becker, and J.O. Becker 2017. Aspergillus japonicus strain ZW1 and its toxicity against root-knot nematodes. SON 56^th Annual meeting, Williamsburg, Virginia. Abstract booklet p. 103-104. 

Schlatter, D. C., Kahl, K., Carlson, B., Huggins, D. and Paulitz, T. C.  2018. The mycobiome of deep soil profiles in no-till dryland wheat Phytopathology 108(10):S1.77 

Shi, A., Correll, J., Feng, C., Mou, B., Avila, C., du Toit, L., Stein, L., Hogan, R., Qin, J., Zhou, W., Battharai, G., Zia, B., Waltram, R., Weng, Y., Liu, B., and Gyawali, S. 2018. Developing genetic and molecular resources to improve spinach production and management. Annu. Meeting American Soc. Hortic. Sci., 30 Jul.-3 Aug. 2018, Washington, DC. 

Simon, P., Colley, M., McKenzie, L., Zystro, J., McCluskey, C., Hoagland, L., Silva, E., Roberts, P., Dawson, J., du Toit, L., Waters, T., and Nunez, J. 2018. CIOA 2 - Carrot Improvement for Organic Agriculture with Added Grower and Consumer Value. Annu. Meeting American Soc. Hortic. Sci., 30 Jul.-3 Aug. 2018, Washington, DC. 

Simon, P., Ellison, S., Spooner, D., Senalik, D., Colley, M., McKenzie, L., Dawson, J., Tanumihardjo, S., Nunez, J., Roberts, P., van Deynze, A., Sumner, D., Matthews, W., Lee, H., Iorizzo, M., du Toit, L., Waters, T., and Diaz-Ramirez, J. 2018. Identifying phenotypes, markers, and genes in carrot germplasm to deliver improved carrots to growers and consumers. Annu. Meeting American Soc. Hortic. Sci., 30 Jul.-3 Aug. 2018, Washington, DC. 

Smith Becker, J., J. Borneman, and J.O. Becker 2018. Trypsin-like Activity Correlated to Virulence of Hyalorbilia oviparasitica on Heterodera schachtii. Journal of Nematology 50: 657. strawberries. Phytopathology 108(10):S1-175. 

Winslow, J., Mazzola, M., Holmes, G.J., Ivors, K. 2018. Integrating host resistance and organic amendments in a chemical-independent approach to managing Macrophomina crown rot in dynamics of the soil metabolome and microbiome in response to anaerobic soil disinfestation. Phytopathology 108(10):S1.101. 

Extension Talks/Field Days/Workshops/Consultations 

Batson, A., and du Toit, L.J. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae: What makes this a pathogen of spinach? Western Washington Seed Workshop and Puget Sound Seed Growers’ Association Annual Meeting, 12 Jan. 2018, Mount Vernon, WA. (90 people) 

Becker, O. 2018 Annual Fresh Carrot Research Conference, Bakersfield, CA. March 20, 2018. “Impact of novel nematicides on carrot health in root-knot nematode-infested fields.” (presentation) 

Becker, O. 2018 UCR Turfgrass and Landscape Research Field Day, UCR Agricultural Operations, September 13, 2018. “Nematode issues in turfgrasses.” (Field Day/hands-on demonstrations, invited) 

Becker, O. 29^th Annual Fall Desert Crops Workshop, Imperial, CA, December 4, 2018. “Novel Nematicides: Not Your Dad’s Pesticides.” (Invited presentation) 

Becker, O. 57^th Annual Meeting, Society of Nematologists, Albuquerque, New Mexico. July 22-25, 2018. “Trypsin-like Activity Correlated to Virulence of Hyalorbilia oviparasitica on Heterodera schachtii” (poster)

Becker, O. 57^th Annual Meeting, Society of Nematologists, Albuquerque, New Mexico. July 22-25, 2018. “A Cooperative Extension Specialist in Nematology: a California perspective” (Invited workshop presenter “Career Paths in Extension Nematology”) 

Becker, O. Educational course for Ag Industry group. South Coast Research and Extension Center, Tustin, CA. July 30, 2018. “Introduction to plant parasitic nematodes and field research” (presentation) 

Becker, O. Field demonstration for ag industry members. South Coast Research and Extension Center, Tustin, CA. July 30, 2018. “Crop protection against nematodes in carrots, beans, okra and pepper” (together with Antoon Ploeg) 

Becker, O. Industry training field day, Syngenta Western Region of Field Scientists, South Coast REC, March 6, 2018. “Field trials: Experimental issues” 

Becker, O. Multistate Research Project meeting, W4147, "Managing Plant Microbe Interactions in Soil to Promote Sustainable Agriculture." Riverside, CA. Nov 30, 2018. 

Becker, O. Nem250 Department Seminar, University of California, Riverside, CA, May 30, 2018. “Cyst nematode suppression” (invited presentation). 

Becker, O. Pitahaya/Dragon Fruit Festival/Field Day 2018, UC South Coast Research & Extension Center, Irvine, August 25, 2018. “Plant-Parasitic Nematode Issues for Pitahaya and Specialty Crop Production.” (Field Day/ hands-on demonstrations, invited) 

Becker, O. Pitahaya/Dragon Fruit Production Seminar 2018, San Diego County Farm Bureau, Escondido, August 24, 2018. “Nematode Issues for Pitahaya Production.” (invited presentation) 

Becker, O. PLPA 120/BIOL120/MCBL 120, PLPA210-001, November 6, 2018. “Introduction to Plant Pathology: Nematodes and Parasitic Plants.” (invited presentation) 

Becker, O. Seminar in the Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, June 14, 2018. “Phytonematology in California: Changes in Research and Extension” (invited presentation). 

Becker, O. The International Symposium on Plant Parasitic Nematodes, June 15-16, 2018, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan. “An appraisal of a cyst nematode-suppressive soil” (invited keynote speaker). 

Becker, O. Undergraduate student group from Southwest University, Chongqing, 

Becker, O. University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Statewide Conference 2018. Soilborne Plant Pathogen Workgroup meeting, Ontario, CA, Wednesday, April 11, 2018. “Biological Control of Cyst Nematodes” (invited presentation). 

Becker, O. University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Statewide Conference 2018. Poster Session, Ontario, CA, Tuesday, April 10, 2018. “Sting nematode, a subterranean invasive species in the Coachella Valley” (poster presentation). 

Becker, O. University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Nematology Workgroup meeting, Ontario, CA, Monday, April 9, 2018. ”Program overview.” (presentation) 

Bennett, L. and Parke, J. L. 2018. Soil solarization. Talk and demonstration at a field day for native plant nursery growers, NORS-DUC, San Rafael, CA. Sept. 9, 2018. 

Borneman, J.  Indigenous Populations of Dactylella oviparasitica Suppress Nematodes in Several Regions & Crops. Joint Meeting of Conference on Soilborne Plant Pathogens and APS Pacific Division. Portland Oregon, June 27, 2018. 

Borneman, J. CUTRALE-UCR Meeting in Riverside CA, March 13, 2018. Metabolic Modeling Based Strategies to Manage HLB. 

Borneman, J. CUTRALE-UCR Meeting in Riverside CA, March 13, 2018. Metabolic Modeling Based Strategies to Manage HLB. 

Borneman, J. Indigenous Populations of Dactylella oviparasitica Suppress Nematodes in Several Regions & Crops. Joint Meeting of Conference on Soilborne Plant Pathogens and APS Pacific Division. Portland Oregon, June 27, 2018. 

Borneman, J. Sugarbeet Work Group Meeting, January 31 2018, Holtville CA, Title: Improving Sugar Beet Economics, Productivity & Sustainability by Modifying the Cropping Decision Model. 

Borneman, J. Sugarbeet Work Group Meeting, January 31 2018, Holtville CA, Title: Improving Sugar Beet Economics, Productivity & Sustainability by Modifying the Cropping Decision Model. 

China. Organized by International Education Programs, UC Riverside Extension Center, August 20, 2018. “Introduction to plant parasitic nematodes” (Invited presentation) 

du Toit, L.J. 9^th Annual Spinach Fusarium Wilt Soil Bioassay Open House, WSU Mount Vernon NWREC, 22-23 Feb. 2018. Open house for spinach seed growers and seed company personnel to observe spinach parent lines ranging from highly susceptible to partially resistant fare in a bioassay of soil from growers’ fields to assess relative risk of Fusarium wilt. Soil samples received from 55 fields ($200/field), as well as seed of 70 spinach parent lines to screen for resistance. Stakeholders used results to decide which fields to plant to spinach seed crops in 2018. >300 fields in western WA have been tested since 2010. 

du Toit, L.J. A review of onion diseases – identification and management. 4-hour invited presentation at the 2018 Walla Walla Onion Growers’ Meeting organized by CHS Primeland, 18 Jan. 2018, Walla Walla, WA (12 people) 

du Toit, L.J. Allium, bean, and crucifer seed quarantines in Washington: Current status and future needs. Annual Basin Producers’ 2018 Pesticide Recertification Day, 19 Jan. 2018, Moses Lake, WA (175 people) 

du Toit, L.J. Allium, bean, and crucifer seed quarantines in Washington: Current status and future needs. Columbia Basin Crop Consultants’ Assoc. Short Course, 17 Jan. 2018, Moses Lake, WA (150 people) 

du Toit, L.J. Bacterial diseases in Washington’s bean seed crops. Columbia Basin Vegetable Seed Assoc. Annual Meeting, 16 Jan. 2018, Moses Lake, WA (70 people) 

du Toit, L.J. Battles of the brassicas: Common brassica diseases in western Washington. Invited presentation for a Hot Topic session at Focus on Farming XV, Snohomish Co. Extension, 8 Nov. 2018, Monroe, WA. (50 people) 

du Toit, L.J. Conventional and organic disease control strategies for specialty crops. Invited presentation at 2018 Colorado Fruit & Vegetable Growers’ Association Annual Meeting, 19-20 Feb. 2018, Denver, CO (50 people) 

du Toit, L.J. Diseases in Brassica vegetable seed crops in the Pacific Northwest. Invited presentation to Bejo Zaden Brassica Team, 3 May 2018, Mount Vernon, WA. (20 people) 

du Toit, L.J. Seedborne and seed transmitted plant pathogens. Columbia Basin Crop Consultants’ Assoc. Short Course, 17 Jan. 2018, Moses Lake, WA (100 people) 

du Toit, L.J. Washington Pest Control Tour or central WA, Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration, 24-26 Jul. 2018. Presented on vegetable seed production and research needs, including pathology research, to ~50 federal/state legislators or staff, agricultural industry representatives, WA State Dept. of Agriculture, Ecology, and Labor & Industries; WSU CAHNRS administrators, National Marine Fisheries Service, US Environmental Protection Agency, etc. Othello, WA. (75 people) 

du Toit, L.J. What’s the deal with black leg and black rot of brassicas? Invited presentation to brassica seed growers, fresh market growers, and Master Gardeners in Island Co. Extension following a false positive report of black leg on Whidbey Island and a true positive report of black rot in Skagit Co. in 2018, 10 Dec. 2018, Coupeville, WA. (22 people) 

du Toit, L.J. What’s the deal with black leg of brassicas? Columbia Basin Vegetable Seed Assoc. Annual Meeting, 16 Jan. 2018, Moses Lake, WA (70 people) 

du Toit, L.J. WSU Extension Onion Field Day, 30 Aug. 2018, Hartley Farms, Benton City, WA. Presented onion mycorrhizae research to growers, seed industry, extension personnel, researchers. (125 people). 

Hao, J. Title: “Biological control: an ecological tool for managing plant disease.” Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China. Mar. 22, 2018. 

Hao, J. Title: “Biologically Managing Potato Common Scab.” Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China. Mar. 20, 2018. 

Hao, J. Title: “Biologically Managing Potato Common Scab.” Plant Protection Institute, China Academy of Agriculture, Beijing, China. Mar. 28, 2018. 

Hao, J. Title: “Management of common scab of potato using biological control.” 2018 Ontario Potato Conference & Trade Show. Delta Hotel & Conference Center, Guelph, Canada. Mar. 6, 2018. 

Hao, J. Title: “Pink rot of potato and its management.” 2018 WPVGA / UW Grower Education Conference. Holiday Inn in Stevens Point, WI. Feb. 6-8, 2018. 

Hao, J. Title: “Understanding the black side of blackleg of potato.” 2018 WPVGA / UW Grower Education Conference. Holiday Inn in Stevens Point, WI. Feb. 6-8, 2018. 

Hao, J.J. Title: “Ecological perspectives on Phytophthora erythroseptica regulated by signal molecules.” Soilborne Oomycete International Conference, Cheeca Lodge & Spa, Islamorada, FL, Dec. 4-6, 2018. 

Hewavitharana, S. S., DuPont, T., and Mazzola, M. Alternative methods to control replant disease. Washington State Horticultural Association Annual Meeting, Yakima, WA. December 3-5, 2018. 

Hughes, E., van Aardt, J., Pethybridge, S. J., Kikkert, J. R., and Salvaggio, C. 2018. Progress in the application of remote sensing to white mold management in snap bean. Empire Expo, Syracuse, New York. Attendees = 100. Duration = 60 min. Total contact = 100 hours. 16 January 2018. 

Kikkert, J. R., and Pethybridge, S. J. 2018. Foliar diseases of table beets. 2018 Fresh Market Winter Vegetable Meeting, Lockport, New York. Attendees = 37. Duration = 20 min. Total contact = 11 hours.  31 January 2018. 

Kikkert, J. R., and Pethybridge, S. J. 2018. Foliar diseases of table beets. 2018 Fresh Market Winter Vegetable Meeting, Irondequoit, New York. Attendees = 12. Duration = 20 min. Total contact = 4 hours.  1 February 2018.

Leisso, R. and Mazzola, M. “News from the underground: Recent research in apple root and soil interactions.” Washington State Horticultural Association Annual Meeting. Kennewick, WA, December 5, 2017. 

Mazzola, M. “Managing rhizosphere microbiology for improved orchard productivity.” Great Lakes Fruit, Vegetable and Farm Market EXPO, Grand Rapids, MI, December 6, 2017. 

Mazzola, M. “Managing rhizosphere/soil microbiology via apple rootstock biochemistry.” Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission. Pasco, WA, January 24, 2018. 

Mazzola, M. “Managing soil biology for improved blueberry productivity”. Great Lakes Fruit, Vegetable and Farm Market EXPO, Grand Rapids, MI, December 6, 2017. 

Mazzola, M. “Managing soil biology for improved strawberry productivity”. Great Lakes Fruit, Vegetable and Farm Market EXPO, Grand Rapids, MI, December 7, 2017. 

Mazzola, M. “Manipulation of soil microbiomes to enhance orchard system resilience.” USDA-ARS Sponsored Workshop to National Vineyard/Grape grower groups. Portland, OR, November 28, 2017

Mazzola, M. “Practices for the management of apple replant disease.”  Great Lakes Fruit, Vegetable and Farm Market EXPO, Grand Rapids, MI, December 6, 2017. 

Mazzola, M. “Steering soil microbiomes to enhance orchard health.” Science in Our Valley, Wenatchee, WA, April 19, 2018. 

Okubara P, Pollard A, Fuest P. 2018. Expression of defense enzymes and mRNAs in wild oat and wheat seeds challenged with the pathogen Fusarium avenaceum. 2018 Dryland Field Day Abstracts, Technical Report 18-1, pp. 61-62. 

Okubara, P. Characterization of indigenous yeasts associated with wine grapes and early-stage fermentations in Washington State. 2018 Washington State Wine and Grape Research Review, Prosser, WA. 

Okubara, P. What yeast is in your vineyard? Native yeasts have potential to reduce fungicide use by controlling bunch rot. Article by Melissa Hansen for Good Fruit Grower, November 2018. 

Okubara, P.A. 2018. Washington Ag Network WAVE Minute podcasts produced by Glenn Vaagen, 610 KONA radio station, Pasco, WA. 1) Native yeasts of grape (http://www.washingtonagnetwork.com/2018/05/03/wave-minute-native-yeasts-part-1/); 2) Additional research (http://www.washingtonagnetwork.com/2018/05/24/wave-minute-additional-research-into-yeast-and-fermentation/) 

Parke, J. L. 2018. Edited the online, open-access journal, Forest Phytophthoras. 

Parke, J. L. 2018. Maintained the Forest Phytophthoras website at Oregon State University. 

Parke, J. L. 2018. Maintained the Online Phytophthora Training for Nursery Growers website at Oregon State University. 

Parke, J. L. 2018. Organized and led a grower workshop on soil solarization at the N. Willamette Research and Extension Center, Aurora, OR. October 29, 2018. 42 participants. 

Parke, J. L. 2018. Phytopathogens in irrigation water. Maryland Nursery Grower Workshop, College Park, MD. Aug. 6, 2018. Invited presentation. 63 participants. 

Parke, J. L. 2018. Plot size influences effectiveness of solarization to control soil Phytophthoras. Phytophthoras in Native Habitats Work Group. Albany, CA. June 21, 2018. Invited presentation. 45 participants. 

Parke, J. L. 2018. Produced and recorded an hour-long lesson on management of waterborne pathogens for an online course on irrigation water quality and treatment. English and Spanish version. Nov. 5-Dec. 7, 2018. University of Florida IFAS Extension. 

Parke, J. L., Mallory-Smith, C., Dragila, M., Hill, B., Wada, N., Weidman, C., Nackley, L., Coop, L., Funahashi, F. 2018. Soil solarization for managing weeds and soilborne pathogens in tree seedling nurseries in the Pacific Northwest. Poster presentation. ASHS Annual Meeting, July 30-Aug. 2, 2018. Wash. D.C. 

Parke, J. L., Redekar, N., Eberhart, J., Swett, C. L., Del Castillo Múnera, J. 2018.  Phytopathogens, nursery plant production and water. Invited talk. ASHS Annual Meeting, July 30-Aug. 2, 2018. Wash. D.C. 

Parke, J. L., Swett, C., Majsztrik, J. 2018. Tools for growers to assess disease risk. Oral presentation. ASHS Annual Meeting, July 30-Aug. 2, 2018. Wash. D.C. 

Paulitz, T. C.  2018. “Management of Nematode Diseases with Genetic Resistance”.  Washington Grain Commission Research Review, Pullman WA Feb. 21, 2018 

Paulitz, T. C. 2008. “Glyphosate and Soil Microbial Communities: Fake News vs. Facts” Dept. of Crop Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Feb. 28, 2018 

Paulitz, T. C. 2018 “Current research on canola diseases” Washington Oilseeds Cropping System Annual meeting, Pullman, WA Feb. 22, 2018 

Paulitz, T. C. 2018 “Fusarium crown rot on wheat: Prebreeding and development of tools for genetic disease management”.  Washington Grain Commission Research Review, Pullman WA Feb. 21, 2018 

Paulitz, T. C. 2018 “Glyphosate and the Soil Microbiome”  Wheat Beat Podcast, Wheat and Small Grains Extension, Washington State University, Pullman, WA Feb 12, 2018 

Paulitz, T. C. 2018.  “Fake News vs. Facts: Glyphosate and Soil Microbes”.  Lind Field Day, Lind, WA June 14, 2018 

Paulitz, T. C. 2018.  “Glyphosate and Soil Microbial Communities: Fake News vs. Facts”  Dept. Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman Jan. 29. 2018 

Paulitz, T. C. 2018.  “Glyphosate- What is it Doing to Soil Microbes”?  Direct Seed Meeting, Kennewick, WA Jan 9-10, 2018 

Paulitz, T. C. 2018.  “Soilborne Root Pathogens of Wheat”  Wheat Beat Podcast, Wheat and Small Grains Extension, Washington State University, Pullman, WA  Feb. 12, 2018. 

Paulitz, T. C. 2018. “Choosing the Correct Wheat Seed Treatment”, Prime Land Cooperative Grower Meeting, Walla Walla, WA Jan. 11, 2018 

Paulitz, T. C. 2018. “Diseases of Brassica”. WSU Oilseed Cropping Systems Workshops Colfax, WA Jan 25, 2018 

Paulitz, T. C. 2018. “Diseases of Canola”, Washington Oilseeds Cropping System field tour, Paha, WA.  May 22, 2018 

Paulitz, T. C. 2018. “Glyphosate and Soil Microbial Communities: Fake News vs. Facts”. Palouse-Rockford Conservation District Annual Meeting, St. John, WA Jan 24, 2018 

Paulitz, T. C. 2018. “Interactions of soil pH and soilborne pathogens of wheat”.  Dept of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA Oct 30, 2017 

Paulitz, T. C. 2018. “Pathogens in Dryland Cereal Systems” Advances in Dryland Farming in the Inland Northwest, a webinar.  Regional Approaches to Climate Change (REACCH; www.reacchpna.org). Pullman, WA  Nov 20, 2017 

Paulitz, T. C. 2018. “The Role of Microbial Communities in Disease Suppressive Soils: A Case Study”  Oregon Society of Soil Science, Corvallis, OR March 1, 2018 

Paulitz, T. C. 2018. “What’s New in Research on Soilborne Plant Pathogens”. Spokane Farm Forum, Ag Expo, Spokane, Washington.   Feb. 7, 2017 

Pethybridge, S. J. 2018. Beet disease research update. Beet Advisory Meeting, Batavia, New York. Attendees = 25. Duration = 2 h. Total contact = 50 hours. 22 February 2018. 

Pethybridge, S. J. 2018. Biocontrol and disease management in organic vegetable crops: a case study. Biocontrol USA East Conference, Rochester, NY. Attendees = 110. Duration = 40 min. Total contact = 73.3 hours. 12 October 2018. 

Pethybridge, S. J. 2018. Building the profitability of the table beet industry in New York. New York Farm Viability Institute Taking Stock of Agriculture Workshop. Attendees = 100. Duration = 30 min. Total contact = 50 hours. 27 November 2018. 

Pethybridge, S. J. 2018. Data-derived decisions in plant disease management. New York State Agricultural Society Conference, Syracuse, NY. Attendees = 75. Duration = 90 min (presentation and discussion panel participation). Total contact = 112.5 hours. 3 January 2018. 

Pethybridge, S. J. 2018. Digital agriculture tools for evaluating disease. 2018 Agriculture & Food Systems In-Service, Ithaca, NY.  Attendees = 52.  Duration = 30 min. Total contact = 26 hours. 14 November 2018.  

Pethybridge, S. J. 2018. Diseases of processing vegetables in New York. Field Plant Pathology Course, Geneva, New York. Attendees = 50. Duration = 30 min. Total contact = 25 hours. 28 June 2018. 

Pethybridge, S. J. 2018. Epidemiology of vegetable diseases in New York. Update on activities in digital agriculture. Discussion with Moog Inc. Geneva, New York. Attendees = 10. Duration = 60 min. Total contact = 10 hours. 10 October 2018. 

Pethybridge, S. J. 2018. Epidemiology of Vegetable Diseases in New York (EVADE): Research on the Rotten Veg! 2018 Agriculture & Food Systems In-Service, Ithaca, NY.  Attendees = 45.  Duration = 30 min. Total contact = 22.5 hours. 13 November 2018.  

Pethybridge, S. J. 2018. Integrated management of vegetable diseases. Certis USA, Waterloo, New York. Attendees = 200. Duration = 60 min. Total contact = 200 hours. 19 January 2018. 

Pethybridge, S. J. 2018. Root crop diseases: from top to bottom. Empire Expo, Syracuse, New York. Attendees = 100. Duration = 60 min. Total contact = 100 hours. 18 January 2018. 

Pethybridge, S. J. 2018. Table beet research – update on activities. Love Beets USA, Rochester, New York. Attendees = 20. Duration = 240 min. Total contact = 80 hours. 28 August 2018. 

Pethybridge, S. J. 2018. Table beet research in New York. Love Beets Field Day, Carlton, New York. Attendees = 75. Duration = 120 min. Total contact = 150 hours. 13 August 2018. 

Pethybridge, S. J. 2018. Towards a durable management strategy for white mold in dry beans in New York. New York State Dry Bean Council, Batavia, New York. Attendees = 50. Duration = 2 h. Total contact = 100 hours. 6 March 2018. 

Pethybridge, S. J., and Kikkert, J. R. 2018. Towards a site-specific risk model for white mold in processing snap bean in New York. Processing Snap Bean Advisory Meeting, Canandaigua, New York. Attendees = 70. Duration = 30 min. Total contact = 35 hours. 4 December 2018. 

Pethybridge, S. J., Bowden, C., and Kikkert, J. R. 2018. Know your enemy! Fungi associated with root decay in table beet Part II. Processing Table Beet, Corn and Carrot Advisory Meeting, Batavia, New York. Attendees = 45. Duration = 30 min. Total contact = 22.5 hours. 12 December 2018. 

Pethybridge, S. J., Sharma, S., and Kikkert, J. R. 2018. Enabling the registration of Miravis Top for Cercospora leaf spot control in table beet. Processing Table Beet, Corn and Carrot Advisory Meeting, Batavia, New York. Attendees = 45. Duration = 30 min. Total contact = 22.5 hours. 12 December 2018. 

Redekar, N., Eberhart, J. L., and Parke, J. L. 2018. Spatiotemporal dynamics of Phytophthora and Pythium communities in recycled irrigation water in a container nursery. Poster presentation. Intl. Congress of Plant Pathology, July  29-Aug. 3, 2018, Boston. 

Redekar, N., Trammell, C., and Parke, J. L. 2018. Solarization effects on the soil microbiome at an organic vegetable farm in the Pacific Northwest (USA). Poster presentation. Intl. Congress of Plant Pathology, July  29-Aug. 3, 2018, Boston. 

Sassenrath, G.F., No-Till Crop Production field day, held on-farm on July 2, 2018 for farmers, agronomists, extension agents, and industry partners. 75 attendees. 

Sassenrath, G.F., Presentation to 30 farmers and agronomists at Marmaton WRAPS meeting, Uniontown, KS, Aug. 7, 2018 

Sassenrath, G.F., Presentations on soil health and crop production to farmers at the Sumner County Soil Health Day '18, Feb. 22, 2018. 35 attendees. 

Sassenrath, G.F., Soil Health Field day for farmers, held at Girard, KS (12 attendees) and Columbus, KS (14 attendees) on soil health, variability, and economics of production 

Sassenrath, G.F.. Presentation to 50 attendees at Noxious Weed Directors meeting, Columbus, KS. Aug. 8, 2018 

Somera, T., Freilich, S., and Mazzola, M. Exploring function of the rhizosphere microbiome in Brassica seed meal X apple rootstock genotype disease control systems. Washington State Horticultural Association Annual Meeting, Yakima, WA. December 3-5, 2018. 

van Aardt, J., Hughes, E., Pethybridge, S. J., and Kikkert, J. R. 2018. Update on the USDA-NIFA CARE funded project – progress in the application of remote sensing to white mold management in snap bean. Processing Snap Bean Advisory Meeting, Canandaigua, New York. Attendees = 70. Duration = 30 min. Total contact = 35 hours. 4 December 2018. 

Van Horn, C., and Mazzola, M. “Rootstock genotype succession influences rhizosphere and endophyte microbial community composition”. Washington State Horticultural Association Annual Meeting, Yakima, WA. December 3-5, 2018. 

Wang, L. and Mazzola, M. “Activation of apple rootstock resistance genes upon application of seed meal soil treatment.” Washington State Horticultural Association Annual Meeting, Kennewick, WA, December 5, 2017. 

Weidman, C.S., Redekar, N. R., Eberhart, J. L., and Parke, J. L. 2018. Impacts of solarization on the soil microbiome in Pacific Northwest tree seedling nurseries. Poster presentation. American Phytopathological Society, Pacific Div., June 25-27, Portland, OR. 

Patents 

International Patent Application No. PCT/US18/451 (Filed Oct. 23, 2018) “Compositions and Methods Comprising Endophytic Bacterium for Application to Target Plants to Increase Plant Growth, and Increase Resistance to Abiotic and Biotic Stressors, inventors J. White, Kurt Kowalski, K. Kingsley 

U.S. Provisional Patent (Filed August 9, 2018), Endophytic Microbes for Growth Promotion of Crop Plants and Suppression of Aggressive Invasive Plant Species. Inventors J. White, Kurt Kowalski, K. Kingsley, M. Elmore.