Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Day-1: December 1^st, 2018

7:30 am Registration, $50 / person

8:15 am Meeting called to order by Dr. Devendra Shah (Chair, NC1202)

• Shah welcomed all NC1202 participants.
  • Member self-introduction

8: 30 am Open remarks by Dr. Frank Blecha

2020-Feb Midterm review

2021-Fall, submit new NC1202 proposal

2022-Spring, Decision on approval of new proposal

9:00 am - 12 pm Progress Reports and Principal Accomplishments (Discovery, interventions, outreach)

Moderator: Devendra Shah

9:00 AM Rodney Moxley (University of Nebraska-Lincoln)

9:30 AM T.G. Nagaraja (Kansas State University)

10:00 AM Philip Hardwidge (Kansas State University)

10.30 AM Weiping Zhang (Kansas State University)

11:00 PM Gireesh Rajashekara (Ohio State University)

11:30 PM Joy Scaria (South Dakota State University)

12:00-1:30 PM Lunch Break

1:30 - 2:15 pm USDA NIFA Drs. Peter Johnson, Michelle Colby, and Roxann Motroni

Peter Johnson provided updates from NIFA (Peter shared his slides on USDA budget and funding information with NC1202 members).

Michelle Colby updated regulations in biosecurity at NIFA USDA

Roxann Motroni introduced institutional organization and research programs at NIFA USDA on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

2:15 - 5:10pm Progress Reports and Principal Accomplishments (Discovery, interventions, outreach)

Moderators: Devendra Shah and Qiuhong Wang

2:00 PM Devendra Shah (Washington State University)

2:30 PM Jun Lin (University of Tennessee)

3:00 PM Glenn Zhang (Oklahoma State University)

3:30 PM Qiuhong Wang (Ohio State University)

4:00 PM Anastasia Vlasova (Ohio State University)

5:10 pm NC1202 group discussion led by Devendra

1. Budget: (Devendra, Please add information here)

2. Student awards: NC1202 participants provided input on number of awards and award amount. Based on the input, the participants reached a consensus on the following.

2/8 oral, 1st place ($200), and 2nd place ($150)

2/7 poster, 1st place ($200), and 2nd place ($150)

Judgers for oral: Drs. Anastasia, Kristen, and Rodney

Judgers for poster: Troy, Weiping, and Devendra

Devendra introduced the judges with evaluation rubrics and showed how to use the online evaluation system for both oral and poster presentations. Each judge also received a folder including the summary of competition participants and evaluation forms. The members agreed that the NC1202 should make an effort to get additional funding to support awards in the future

3. Whether NC1202 uses the CRWAD Abstract submission and Preseria systems

Members unanimously voted not to use the systems because most data are at pre-publication stage.

4. On-site registration option from 2019 onwards: CRWAD organizers have initiated online registration and offered this option for NC1202 members. The members generally agree that online registration will help avoid physical money transactions, make the process more efficient and reduce the workload of chair and the secretary. Only current members will be able to register online. The chair will communicate with CRWAD organizers to initiate process of online registration starting from 2019.
   1. Need to come up with a short description for NC1202 for public viewing online.
   2. NC1202 cannot be opened to public, however, an email address can be posted on CRWAD website so that anyone interested to join NC1202 can contact NC1202 chair/secretary directly.
5. Whether NC1202 organizes a mini symposium in the future?
   1. Members reached consensus on initiating an electronic communication to seek opinion from station representatives regarding topic and other details of mini symposium.
   2. Create a new email ID for NC1202 and use this for communication between CRWAD and NC1202 as well as communication within NC1202.
6. NC-1202 memberships (recruitment and participation): For all new members, obtain internal approval from station representatives’ prior to inducting new members.
7. Collaboration and funding opportunities (e.g. new efforts to procure USDA funding for joint research)
8. NC1202 annual report

6:15 PM Adjourn

Objective 1. Focus on emerging diseases: We will identify, characterize and develop improved detection and prevention methods related to newly recognized, novel or emerging causes of zoonotic enteric disease and enteric pathogens of food animals.

1. Salmonella

1. Washington

• We have sequenced complete genome of ciprofloxacin resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Kentucky Sequence Type 198 Strain, PU131, Isolated from a Human Patient in Washington State.

2. South Dakota

• We established a baseline of Salmonella prevalence in porcine lymph nodes (LNs) across the USA in 21 commercial pork harvest facilities, representing northern (n=12) or southern (n=9) geographical regions. Overall, 6.4% of market hog and 37.0% of sow samples in the northern region and 13.0% of market hog and 4.8% of sow samples in the southern region were Salmonella positive. In both regions, samples from conventionally chilled carcasses returned more (P < 0.05) positive results. Overall, the higher rate of Salmonella prevalence in northern sows (P<0.05) warrants further investigation.
• A total of 23 Salmonella serotypes were detected in 50 (19%) of 261 retail fresh ground meat samples collected from grocery stores in the Brookings, South Dakota. These included 2 (2%) of 115 ground turkey samples, 6 (14%) of 42 chicken samples, and 42 (40%) of 104 ground pork samples. S. Enteriditis (5) was the most predominant in chicken meat. In ground pork, the most common serotypes included monophasic variant of Typhimurium (n=5), Uganda (5), Anatum (4), Derby (3), Infantis (3), and London (3). A total of 25 isolates (56%) were susceptible to all 14 antibiotics tested, 11 (24%) resistant to 1 antibiotic, 4 (9%) resistant to 2 antibiotics, 1 (2%) resistant to 3 antibiotics, 2 (4%) resistant to 4 antibiotics, 1 (2%) resistant to 8 antibiotics, and 1 (2%) resistant to 10 antibiotics. The most common antibiotic resistances observed included streptomycin (15), tetracycline (11), and sulfisoxazole (7).
• Radhey Kaushik’s group developed and characterized immortalized bovine ileal epithelial cell line (BIEC) by human telomerase encoded reverse transcriptase (hTERT), simian-virus 40 large T antigen (SV40) and human papilloma virus E6/E7 protein (HPV E6/E7). Our study shows that BIEC cells may serve as a good model for studying the intestinal innate immune responses.

1. Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

1. Kansas

• We isolated novel N-acyl homoserine lactone-producing bacteria from cattle rumen that may impact STEC biology. We detected and quantified the seven major serogroups of STEC on hides of cull dairy, cull beef, and fed beef cattle at slaughter. We performed Bayesian estimation of true prevalence, sensitivity, and specificity of three diagnostic tests for detection of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle feces.

2. Nebraska

• The efficacy of three different agar culture media for detection of USDA-FSIS adulterant-type Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in beef was evaluated.

1. Campylobacter jejuni

1. Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Lawsonii intracellularis
2. Minnesota

• We performed a study to evaluate whether intestinal epithelial cell lines proliferate when infected by intracellularis at high or low passages, and to determine whether culture of various cell lines under conditions of reduced growth factors would facilitate detection of cellular proliferation in vitro induced by L. intracellularis.
• We have developed Enteroids as an infection model for  intracellularisusing enteroids, both from mouse and pig intestines. 
• We evaluated the sensitivities and specificities of two commercial blocking ELISA and the Immunoperoxidase Monolayer Assay using serum samples from pigs with known intracellularis infection status, including positive and negative status, and vaccinated animals. The two serological assays showed a correlation of 0.80 using pig sera. The correlation coefficient and Kappa coefficient improved for both tests after omitting serum sets from aged and vaccinated pigs. 
• We developed and evaluated two different ELISA tests using whole cells and recombinant proteins to detect antibodies (both IgG and IgA) of hyodysenteriae in sera, feces and colon scrapings of pigs.

1. Coronavirus
2. Illinios:

• We developed and characterized line of porcine intestinal epithelial cells as a cell model for PEDV replication. Our study for the first time provides the evidence that the porcine enteric virus PEDV downregulates and evades the IRF1-mediated type III IFN responses by reducing the peroxisomes.

2. Ohio

• We investigated whether IPEC-J2 cells are susceptible to porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) infection. PDCoV antigen was detected in the cells showing Cytopathic effects (CPE) in these cells. By double immunofluorescent and TUNEL staining, most PDCoV antigen-positive IPEC-J2 cells failed to show TUNEL-positive signals, indicating that PDCoV-infected IPEC-J2 cells may not undergo apoptosis, but rather necrosis, similar to necrotic cell death of infected enterocytes in vivo.
• We investigated the prevalence of deltacoronavirus (δ-CoV) γ-CoV in wild migratory terrestrial and aquatic birds in Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, Tennessee and Wisconsin in 1,236 avian cloacal swabs during 2015-2017 using genus-specific reverse transcription-PCR assays. Unlike previous reports from Asia, our study show that in the US, γ-CoVs are more prevalent than δ-CoVs. The prevalence of δ- and γ-CoVs in aquatic birds was 1.34% and 6.3%, respectively, compared to only 0.6% and 0% in terrestrial birds. We also show that there is increased genetic heterogeneity of δ-CoVs.

1. Calicivirus
2. Ohio

• We are investigating which amino acid residues of the capsid protein of human norovirus (HuNoVs) are critical for the binding to histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)-like carbohydrates in lettuce.

1. Rotavirus
2. Ohio

• We found that a significantly higher prevalence of Rotavirus C (RVC) in litters with diarrhea born to gilts compared with those born to multiparous sows. Using RVC-VLP ELISA we demonstrated that gilts (first parity animals) with diarrheic litters had significantly lower RVC Ab titers in milk (but not in serum) compared with those of sows with healthy litters.

1. Cryptosporidium
2. Illinois

• We have established two technological approaches (morpholino oligomer-based and CRISPR CAS-based approaches) to genetically manipulate Cryptosporidium parvum ( parvum) and robust animal model systems to study the parasite. We mined the C. parvum genome and identified genes that encode for rhoptry neck proteins.

1. Giardia
2. Michigan

• We determined the prevalence of Giardia in three populations of dogs in Mid-Michigan by molecular diagnostic assays and 16S rDNA sequencing of the fecal microbiome. One hundred dogs were enrolled into the study. The majority of dogs presenting to the primary care clinic were Giardia negative and not experiencing diarrhea (66%). Five percent of Giardia positive dogs had diarrhea while 8% positive dogs did not show diarrhea. 21% of dogs had diarrhea that was not explained by the presence of Giardia or the presence of the enteric pathogens. One diarrhea positive, Giardia negative dogs had Helicobacter spp. 6 diarrhea negative and Giardia negative were positive for either Campylobacter or Helicobacter spp. One dog had both Campylobacter spp. and Helicobacter spp.

1. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
2. Michigan

• We found that antibiotic treatment enhanced the frequency and severity of colitis and exacerbated anti-ganglioside antibody responses after infection of a mouse model with antibiotic resistant Campylobacter jejuni. These results were jejuni strain specific. We found that antibiotic depletion of gut microbiota was another critical factor in the manifestation of severe enteric disease and Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS) associated phenotypes in this mouse model.

2. Tennessee
   • We performed genomics analysis of 20 diverse strains of Salmonella Indiana which showed both plasmid and chromosomal integon I exist S. Indiana. The unique long chromosomal class I integron (7.8-kb), which is not linked to SGI1, shares extremely high similarity to that identified in a MDR coli plasmid.
   • Using controlled systems, we observed the MCR-1 (colistin resistance marker) confers cross-resistance to bacitracin, a popular in-feed antibiotic used in food animals.
   • We show crystal structures of the soluble LT from jejuni with and without bulgecin A inhibitor in the active site, providing insights into future LT inhibitor development for C. jejuni.

2. Wyoming
   • coli isolates (n = 39) resistant to cephems and cephems/fluoroquinolones were subjected to whole genome sequencing (PacBio/HiSeq sequencing) and phylogenetic analyses on the basis of identical antibiograms (18 different antibiotics tested) and presence in the feces of both raccoons and cattle on multiple farms. We show that there is a genetic conservation between AMR isolates from cattle and wildlife suggesting a complex AMR livestock ecology that has inputs from multiple sources.
   • We have expanded the detectable proteome in antibiotic-resistant bacteria by developing an offline LC protein separation/fractionation prior to MALDI-ToF-MS analysis and applied it for the analysis of antibiotic-resistant coli isolates. Using LC-MALDI-ToF-MS in conjunction with supervised PCA, we identified protein biomarkers which exhibited the strongest correlation to β-lactam resistance among the E. coli tested, namely resistance mediated by the bla_CMY-2 gene (encoding AmpC-type β-lactamase) in the incompatibility plasmid complex A/C (IncA/C).
   • We conducted the first nationwide survey of AMR phenotypes in indicator bacteria from composite fecal samples collected from 52 dairy farms in located within 7 administrative districts of Kosovo. Isolation and characterization of coli (n = 165) and Enterococcus spp. (n = 153). E. coli and Enterococcus spp. isolated using sub-MIC of cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, or erythromycin were typically resistant to at least one and often multiple antibiotics, including β-lactams, quinolones, sulfonamides, phenicols, and tetracyclines for E. coli isolates and macrolides, tetracyclines, and rifamycins for enterococci isolates.

3. Washington

• We have completed identification and characterization of 143 MDR Gram negative bacteria isolated from backyard poultry flocks in WA State. MDR and ESBL producing Gram negative bacteria are common in backyard poultry flock environment even in the absence of prior use of antibiotics. The manuscript describing this work is currently under preparation.

4. Oklahoma

• We developed stable luciferase reporter cell lines through permanent integration of a luciferase reporter gene driven by chicken or porcine-specific Host defense peptides (HDPs) gene promoters and employed these cell lines in high-throughput screening of libraries of small-molecule compounds, resulting in the identification of several classes of compounds with the ability to induce HDP gene synthesis both in vitro and in vivo without triggering inflammation. The HDP-inducing compounds are promising novel alternatives to antibiotics for infectious disease control and prevention with a minimum risk to trigger antimicrobial resistance.

Objective 2. Focus on preventions and interventions: We will develop and improve preventative measures and interventions to reduce the incidence and prevalence of infections of food animals with enteric and foodborne and waterborne pathogens.

1. Salmonella

1. Minnesota

• We demonstrated for the first time that vaccination against intracellularis, an endemic pathogen in swine, is able to reduce the level and prevalence of S. Typhimurium shedding. The effect of vaccination was dependent upon challenge with L. intracellularis, which suggests that apart from changes in the microbiome an immune response may also be involved in these observations.

2. Ohio

• We identified 4 novel small molecule inhibitors of Salmonella serotypes and with restricted effects on other prokaryotes at 200 μM. The antimicrobial efficacy of these compounds was not altered in biofilm-protected Salmonella and the compounds enhanced the in vitro efficacy of antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, meromycin, and cefeprim). The compounds also reduced Salmonella burden in broiler chicken’s ceca when treated for 5 days. Further, 2 compounds that reduced Salmonella load in chickens also had minimal impact on the cecal microbiota.
• We compared the genomic composition of Heidelberg isolated from environmental samples of different breeder farms in the Midwest, US and show that there are differences in specific metabolic pathways between poultry production system related to horizontal gene transfer (type IV secretion system, conjugative transfer, and phage proteins).
• We analyzed the efficacy and antimicrobial characterization of different known probiotic bacteria against Salmonella infections in vitro. The Salmonella inhibiting ability of the probiotics were tested in various coculture in vitro assays to determine the efficacy of their inhibition. Two probiotics were identified as significant inhibitors and early characterization studies helped us to derive potential peptides that also significantly reduced the salmonella infection.

3. Washington

• We show that deletion of ksgA in Salmonella causes disruption of the structural integrity, permeability barrier and distorts electrophysical properties of the cell-envelope, suggesting that KsgA also contributes to the cell-envelope fitness in E. coli. Expression of KsgA-antagnost (ksgAE66A) exacerbated the cell-envelope fitness defects, resulting in impaired S. Enteritidis interactions with human intestinal epithelial cells, and human and avian phagocytes. This study shows that KsgA contributes to cell-envelope fitness and opens new avenues to modulate cell-envelopes via use of KsgA-antagonists.

• We completed molecular characterization of Salmonella pathogenicity island 13 (SPI-13) mutants of Salmonella. SPI-13 is required for efficient utilization of two micronutrients, namely, d-glucuronic acid (DGA) and tyramine (TYR), as sole sources of carbon and/or nitrogen. By systematic deletion of the individual gene(s), we have identified specific genes within SPI-13 that are required for efficient utilization of DGA and TYR as sole nutrient sources. We completed comparative genomics analysis of the SPI-13 locus from 247 Salmonella strains belonging to 57 different serovars to show that SPI-13 genes specifically involved in the metabolism of DGA and TYR are highly conserved in Salmonella enterica.

1. STEC and ETEC
2. Kansas

• We refined the efficacy of an ETEC vaccine candidate named Skp by expressing this protein in immunogenic, non-toxic, bacterial outer membrane vesicles. We characterized the binding determinants in the interplay between porcine aminopeptidase N and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 fimbriae. We sequenced the genomes of two ETEC strains that were previously used as inactivated vaccines.

2. Nebraska

• A fimbria-toxoid multiepitope fusion antigen vaccine for post-weaning enteric colibacillosis in swine was developed and tested for immunogenicity in mice by Dr. Weiping Zhang and graduate student Ti Lu. Mice immunized with the vaccine developed serum neutralizing antibodies against fimbrial antigen F4, fimbrial antigen F18, heat-labile enterotoxin, and heat-stable enterotoxin-b and these antibodies had neutralizing activity against enterotoxigenic coli adherence and enterotoxigenicity.

3. Ohio

• We identified three novel SM growth inhibitors (GI-6, GI-7 and GI-10) with potent anti-APEC efficacy in chickens. These GI’s considerably reduced the APEC induced mortality of chickens, APEC load and APEC lesions severity in chickens. These GI’s affected the APEC cell membrane and were effective against multiple APEC serotypes including those are antibiotics resistant and on APEC biofilm. We also identified two probiotics and their derived small peptides (P-1, P-2, and P-3) with antimicrobial activity against APEC.
• We identified 10 quorum sensing inhibitors (QSI) that inhibited the AI-2 activity of APEC O78. Seven were tested in one-week old broiler chickens for their efficacy against APEC O78. We found that treatment of the infected chickens with QSI-5 and QSI-10 resulted in 100% and 75% reduced mortality respectively; while QSI-2 and QSI-8 reduced mortality up to 50% in comparison to Additionally, QSI-5 and QSI-10 reduced the pathological lesion (>85%) in different organs compared to control. Further, QSI-5 and QSI-10 reduced the bacterial load up to 5.2-6.1 logs and 3.4-4.3 logs, respectively in all internal organs compared to control.

1. Campylobacter jejuni
2. Michigan

• By experimentally evolving five independent host-adapted jejuni populations in rich broth medium, we observed the loss of flagellar motility—an essential function for efficient host colonization. Genome re-sequencing revealed numerous disruptive mutations in genes in the C. jejuni flagellar transcriptional cascade, including genes known to affect expression of the σ54 (RpoN) regulon and chromosomal deletion of rpoN in all evolved lines.

2. Iowa

• Calves derived from commercial farms were inoculated with FQ-susceptible (FQ-S) strains of jejuni, half of which were administered intratracheally with a M. haemolytica to induce disease, and followed by treatment with a single dose of enrofloxacin. After the inoculation, natural carriage of FQ-R Campylobacter decreased, which was accompanied by increase of FQ-S Campylobacter. However, after enrofloxacin treatment was given, the calves were recolonized by FQ-R Campylobacter. Prior to inoculation, the calves were predominantly colonized by FQ-R cluster ST982. After inoculation, the predominant genotypes changed to FQ-S clusters C ST929 and D ST61. Following the treatment with enrofloxacin, the primary genotypes shifted to FQ-R clusters A ST982 and B ST922. Induction of respiratory disease with M. haemolytica did not appear to affect Campylobacter prevalence or resistance levels.

3. Ohio

• We identified coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) with antimicrobial activity against Campylobacter in vitro. However, EcN, when delivered orally to chickens, survives modestly under low gastric pH and do not persist long in the gut. Therefore, we formulated EcN microcapsules using FDA approved alginate and chitosan nanoparticles. The EcN microcapsules displayed; better survivability under simulated harsh gastrointestinal conditions, sustained EcN release, and enhanced antimicrobial activity against Campylobacter.   
• The chickens were vaccinated with six Recombinant Attenuated Salmonella Vaccines (RASV-Cj strains-pG8R-86, pG8R-88, pG8R-89, pG8R-90, pG8R-102, and pG8R-128) and later challenged with a cocktail of 5 jejuni strains from a chicken source. Early results from this 32 days pilot study show that some vaccines may be successful in lowering colonization.

4. Tennessee

• We continued to develop and assess enterobactin (Ent) antibody-based immune intervention strategies. The Ent conjugate vaccine triggered high titer of Ent-specific antibodies in both rabbits and layers. The anti-Ent specific antibodies also display strong binding to other Ent derivatives including salmochelins. The anti-Ent antibodies also inhibited Ent-dependent growth of Campylobacter.

1. Brachyspira and Lawsonia species
2. Minnesota

• We conducted a intracellularis challenge trial in pigs, which showed that a zinc amino acid complex supplementation with a final concentration of 125 ppm of zinc in feed signifcantly (p<0.05) decreased the number of pigs with lesions, severity of lesions caused by L. intracellularis and exhibited a significantly (p<0.05) earlier onset of seroconversion as well as an increased number of T cells in infected and non-infected intestinal tissue.
• We tested impact of vaccination on transmission of Lawsonia intracellularis in pigs. Both vaccination protocols gave adequate vaccination efficacy, reducing shedding after contact with infectious animals. But neither vaccination protocol significantly decreased transmission rate.

1. Nidovirus (Coronaviruses and PRRSV)
2. Kansas

• We reported the generation of potential vaccine candidates for a pig coronavirus, the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) genogroup 2 US strain.

2. Illinios:

• We have developed an assay system to monitor the production of type III interferon by PEDV in cells.
• We have discovered that PEDV inhibits the IRF1-mediated type III IFN production by decreasing the peroxisomes in number in the porcine intestinal epithelial cells. This study for the first time shows the PEDV evasion of type III IFN response in the intestinal epithelial cells.

3. Ohio

• We demonstrated that pregnant second trimester gilts had significantly higher levels of circulating PEDV IgA and IgG Abs and ASCs and PEDV virus neutralizing (VN) Abs post PEDV infection. Coinciding with the significantly higher PEDV Ab responses in second trimester gilts, the survival rate of their PEDV-challenged piglets was 100%, compared with2%, 55.9% and 5.7% for first, third and mock litters, respectively. Additionally, piglet survival positively correlated with PEDV IgA Abs and ASCs and VN Abs in milk and PEDV IgA and IgG Abs in piglet serum.
• We studied one mechanism by which vomiting is induced in pigs infected with PEDV by characterization of swine enterochromaffin (EC) cells by immunohistochemistry. At post-inoculation hour (PIH) 16 or 24, when vomiting was first or frequently observed, respectively, PEDV infection resulted in significantly reduced numbers of serotonin-positive EC cells in duodenum, mid-jejunum, ileum, or colon.
• We are identifying viral genes related to PEDV virulence in pigs and designing efficacious live attenuated PEDV vaccine candidates using reverse genetics technology.

4. North Dakota:

• A standard USDA -NIFA grant was obtained to test the rapid-response PEDV vaccine in a pregnant sow model. The grant objectives also include developing improved methods to enhance oral delivery of veterinary vaccines with the target goal of raising the threshold of IgA mediated lactogenic immunity against PEDV in sows.
• A convenient colorimetric assay using a digital output from an ELISA reader was developed for PEDV diagnosis. The newly developed assay will help to reduce labor and testing time in diagnostic laboratories.

5. Tennessee

• We determined that the mTOR signalling pathway involves PRRSV infection and regulates expression and signaling of type I IFNs against viral infection. These findings suggest that the mTOR signalling pathway has a bi-directional loop with the type I IFN system and imply that some components in the mTOR signalling pathway can be utilized as targets for studying antiviral immunity and for designing therapeutic reagents.

1. Calicivirus

1. Rotavirus

1. Ohio

• We evaluated the effects of childhood protein malnutrition on HRV vaccine efficacy in human infant fecal microbiota (HIFM) transplanted Gn pig model. Protein-deficient pigs vaccinated with oral AttHRV vaccine had lower protection rates against diarrhea post - VirHRV challenge and significantly increased fecal virus shedding titers (HIFM transplanted but not GF pigs) compared with their protein-sufficient counterparts. Reduced vaccine efficacy in protein-deficient pigs coincided with altered serum tryptophan catabolism, cytokine responses to AttHRV vaccine and suppression of multiple immune parameters.

• We studied gut microbiota abundance in vaccinated HIFM transplanted Gn pigs, before and after virulent HRV challenge using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V4-V5 region). Protein deficient AttHRV vaccinated piglets had altered intestinal microbiota composition, decreased microbiota diversity in intestinal tissues, and increased microbiota diversity in systemic tissues. Deficient-HIFM pigs tissues were characterized by lower F:B ratios. In the AttHRV vaccinated pigs, protein deficiency resulted in a decreased proportion of Firmicutes (Turicibacter spp. that stimulates immune function), concomitant with increased Proteobacteria (Proteus spp.) compared with piglets on sufficient diet.

1. Norovirus

1. Adenovirus Serotype 36 in Obesity induction

1. Tennessee

• We investigated the potential synergistic effect of a high-fat (HF) diet and infection by an adipogenic virus (e.g. human adenovirus serotype 36, Had-36), the two causal factors in obesity induction using rat model. Significant obesity was induced by HF only and particularly co-administration of Had-36 and HF (HF+Had-36) in rats. This model, as incipience with two-factorial effect, will foster a more integrative discipline in obesity studies.

1. Cryptosporidium

1. Illinois

• We have identified novel rhoptry neck proteins in Cryptosporidium parvum.
• We are using CRISPR/Cas9 system to edit the parvum genome to generate gene-tagging and gene-knockout transgenic strains. Super-resolution microscopy and functional assays will be performed on these transgenic parasites.
• We have successfully utilized the morpholino-based approach to elucidate the essential role of a unique gene (CpLDH) in the survival and growth of parvum in vivo, and thus validated it as a novel drug target for the development of new drugs against the parasite.

1. Microbiome-host and microbiomes-enteric pathogens interactions
2. Michigan

• We showed that particular microbiota can have profound effects on the host response to the foodborne pathogen jejuni. Transplanted human microbiota (^Humicrobiota) dominated by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutesenhanced Type 2 autoantibody responses following C. jejuni 260.94 infection in C57BL/6 mice. This autoimmune response was directed against the peripheral nerves leading to nerve damage.
• When two different strains of inbred mice were transplanted with ^Humicrobiota dominated by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutesthey became highly susceptible to jejuni infection and harbored significantly higher colony forming units than the same inbred mice with mouse microbiota.
• Recent results suggest that gut microbiome also modulates adaptive immune responses in the lungs. We showed that this Bacteroidetes and Firmicutesdominated human microbiota increased type 2 allergic responses in a mouse asthma model. Mice with ^Humicrobiota sensitized to house dust mite had significantly elevated bronchoalveolar lavage counts and severity of airway hyperresponsiveness.

2. Kansas

• We reviewed the T3SS effectors produced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), enteropathogenic coli (EPEC), Citrobacter rodentium, and Salmonella enterica that inhibit innate immune pathways.
• We discovered that Salmonella Secreted Effector L (SseL), which was previously shown to function as a deubiquitinase and inhibit NF-κB signaling, also inhibits ribosomal protein S3
• (RPS3) nuclear translocation by deubiquitinating this important host transcriptional co-factor.
• We solved the crystal structures and described the mechanisms of action of the bacterial effector proteins SseK and NleB.
• We provided further evidence for the general concept of T3SS-independent protein translocation by identifying novel cell-penetrating features of bacterial effectors.
• We reviewed the impact of intestinal metabolites derived from gut microbiota on host-pathogen interactions.
• We determined the influence of both the intestinal microbiota and the expression of the rodentium NleH effector on C. rodentium colonization in different mouse models.

3. Tennessee

• We have identified three potent bile salt hydrolase (BSH) inhibitors with potential to replace antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) as non-antibiotic feed additives. We have started large scale pen trial to determine optimal dosage of each inhibitor. In addition, the inhibitor was encapsulated and will be evaluated in the future.

Objective 3. Focus on disseminating knowledge: We will provide training or continuing education to disseminate new information to students, producers, veterinarians, diagnostic labs and others to implement interventions and preventative measures.

1. Michigan
2. Mansfield LS gave a talk entitled” Evidence that host-microbiota-pathogen interactions govern enteric health and disease Can we shape our gut microbiome for health?” at the IQ institute in MSU. The goal is to establish productive collaborations between faculty in the CVM and microbiology, bioengineering, data science, computational modeling and high-performance computing, January 24, 2018.
3. Mansfield LS gave a talk entitled ”Can we shape our gut microbiome for health? Evidence that host-microbiota-pathogen interactions govern enteric health and disease”, Pharmaceutical industry meeting at CVM, MSU, February 22, 2018.
4. Mansfield LS, Invited Speaker, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Meeting, “Developing transplanted human microbiota models to study the effects of the early microbiome on development of inflammation, autoimmunity and allergy”, International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, Detroit, MI, September 25, 2017.
5. Several graduate students were mentored for study of enteric diseases of food animals. Jean M. Brudvig, DVM (PhD candidate) successfully defended her PhD thesis in January 2018 and now works as Immunologist/Diagnostician for the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, MSU. Three other students are pursuing PhD degrees in food safety related to these enteric pathogens including Daniel Claiborne, Hinako Terauchi, Azam Ali Sher, and Ivon Moya Uribe. One of the graduate students is an underrepresented minority (African American). Two undergraduate students are working in the lab on these projects including Joe Faryean and Keenan Odea.
6. Dr. Linda Mansfield continued to act as the PI and the Administrative Core Leader of the MSU ERIN CRC in 2013-2014. This is a multidisciplinary, highly integrated research center to study the enteric microbiome in health and disease with the long-term goal of understanding and alleviating one of the most prevalent and important global health problems, diarrheal illness.
7. Dr. Mansfield along with Dr. Paul Bartlett organized the Fall seminar series in Large Animal Clinical Sciences at the CVM at MSU where preharvest food safety was prominently featured. Attendees included Agricultural, Veterinary Medicine, Microbiology and Food Science, and Human Nutrition departments. Also, Dr. Mansfield attended and presented at a scientific conference held by the NIH in Ann Arbor, MI on enteric diseases. Dr. Mansfield also helped to organize and attended the NC1202 annual meeting in Chicago, Illinois on November 30tht and December 1st, 2013.
8. Talk to NIH Summer Research Student Program, “Effectively communicating your science: How to get the maximum effect”, May 16, 2017.
9. Mentoring Talk to Junior Faculty in the College of Veterinary Medicine, “Graduate education: training MS and PhD students”, November 16, 2017.
10. Talk to Large Animal Clinical Sciences interns and residents, “Role of gut microbiome in shaping susceptibility to allergies: Early life exposures”, August 25, 2017.

1. Illinois
2. Dr. Yoo traveled to Chongqing in China to give an invited presentation at the 25th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress on the prevention and control of porcine epidemic diarrhea on June 10-15, 2018. The total number of participants in this Congress reached more than 5,000 from different countries.
3. A graduate student (Qingzhan Zhang) worked on the PEDV project and successfully completed the PhD program on November 16, 2017. He was trained as a virologist for food animals. During the program, he was able to publish five research articles as the first author. Q. Zhang is currently receiving further training at the Harvard University in Boston.
4. Dr. Vinayak gave an invited presentation entitled “Identification and functional characterization of a novel rhoptry neck protein in Cryptosporidium parvum” at the Biology of Intracellular Pathogen (BiP) retreat, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis June 28, 2018.

1. Minnesota
2. Faculty and graduate students from the Minnesota Station disseminated research findings to various producers, veterinarians, scientists, and diagnostic laboratories through publications and presentations at various meetings. These meetings include the American Association of Swine Veterinarians, the Leman Conference, the AAVLD, the CRWAD, the International Symposium Digestive Physiology of Pigs, the International Pig Veterinary Society, and the Gordon Research Conference on Biology of Spirochetes.

1. Wyoming
2. Dr. Bledar Bisha provided an overview of packing plant food safety interventions and provided educational materials to over 40 sheep producers during the Wyoming Wool Growers Association meeting on August 7, 2018.

1. Iowa
2. We have trained 8 veterinary medicine students under the ISU Veterinary Medical Summer Scholars Research Program in AMR and food safety. These students are mentored by the PI and co-PIs on antimicrobial resistance, applied microbiology, pharmacology and metagenomics for 13-week. The students have presented their findings at the Research Day of ISU College of Veterinary Medicine as well as at a national meeting.

1. Nebraska
2. Knowledge was disseminated through oral and poster presentations at local, regional, and national scientific meetings, and through a podcast on the university website.
3. Information shared in presentations to professional veterinary, graduate, and undergraduate students, scientists and to the general public allowed them to gain knowledge important for development in careers and educational information pertaining to food safety and in some cases, continuing education credit.
4. Students completed degrees through work conducted under NC-1202 and the USDA-NIFA STEC CAP have gone on to other positions:
5. Zachary Stromberg completed his Ph.D. in Integrative Biomedical Sciences at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in December 2015 under the direction of Dr. Rodney A. Moxley. Zachary then completed a post-doctoral fellowship in the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition under the direction of Dr. Melha Mellata from 2/1/2016 –10/26/2018. Zachary is currently (11/5/2018-11/4/2020) a post-doctoral research associate at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.
6. Quentin Jorgensen completed his B.S. in Biochemistry with honors at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in May 2016. He conducted his Honors Thesis research under the direction of Dr. Rodney Moxley. Since August 2016, Quentin has been a Juris Doctor (J.D.) candidate at the Duke University Law School, Durham, NC, and plans to graduate in 2020.
7. Liesel Schneider completed her Ph.D. in the Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine in the College of Veterinary Medicine at Mississippi State University in December 2017 under the direction of Dr. David R. Smith. Liesel began a tenure-track position as Assistant Professor in the Department of Animal Science at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville on January 1, 2018.

1. North Dakota
2. One PhD student was trained in vaccine development methods. He has presented his work at CRWAD and regional conferences. Data generated by the student was used as preliminary data for the funded 2018 NIFA grant.

1. Tennessee
2. Jun Lin lab personnel have given presentations and updates at various national and international scientific meetings this year. We have effectively disseminated new information and procedures to scientists, producers, industries, and veterinarians.
3. Jun Lin attended a workshop on priority-setting for antibiotic stewardship in animal agriculture, hosted by The Pew Charitable Trusts and the Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research (FFAR).
4. Yongming Sang attended the BIT’s 9^th World DNA Day at Dalian, China, and Gordon Research Conference in Immunochemistry and Immunology at Mount Snow, VT, to present our novel discovery in molecular and functional characterization of unconventional interferons, a family of key antiviral cytokines for development of antiviral therapies.

1. South Dakota
2. Jane Hennings participated in the South Dakota Poultry Association meeting and explained the use of whole genome sequencing to type and track Salmonella in Poultry.
3. Joy Scaria, presented the Salmonella whole genome sequencing and tracking results in the South Dakota Beef producers meeting. We submitted aggregated results from the Salmonella genome sequencing to FDA for including in the NARMS annual report.

Objective 4. Group interaction: The group will interact in a variety of ways to facilitate progress including direct collaborations with joint publications, sharing of resources (pathogen strains, gene sequences, statistical analysis, bioinformatics information/expertise), and friendly feedback and facilitation for all research efforts at annual meetings.

1. Michigan

1. AMR Meeting, Working group with the goal of developing an outline for the establishment and operation of an Antimicrobial Research & Education Institute, Representatives from ISU, KSU, MSU, NDSU, OSU, Purdue University, SDSU, University of Illinois, University of Minnesota, University of Missouri, University of Nebraska, and University of Wisconsin participated. American Association of Veterinary Medical Colleges, Washington D.C., September 19-20, 2017.
2. Mansfield LS. Organized a meeting of scientists to discuss the focus of a new GI² hire in antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, October 3, 2018.
3. Mansfield LS, Award of the Albert C. and Lois E. Dehn Endowed Chair, with endowment, Michigan State University, presented on 09/22/2017 by Lou Anna K. Simon, University President.
4. Mansfield LS. Microbiome Partnership Development Award, UK Science & Innovation Network, Science & Innovation, British Consulate-General Los Angeles, 2029 Century Park East, Suite 1350, Los Angeles, CA, USA, (Multiple PI –Mansfield and Arshad), £2,000, 2017.
5. Mansfield LS. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Branch, (Multiple PI –Mansfield and Ewart), R21 “Defining the role of the early infant microbiome in mediating allergic outcomes associated with asthma in a mouse model”, $275,000, 7/1/2016-6/30/2018, 1^st score 31, 2^nd score 25, funded 9/1/2016.
6. NC1202: Multistate Research Project, “Enteric Diseases of Food Animals: Enhanced Prevention, Control and Food Safety” Frank Blecha, PI 10/1/2017 – 9/30/2022

1. Nebraska

1. Two extramural awards to NC-1202 members working together as teams and serving as PDs, Co-PDs, or collaborators on these projects are in progress:
   592. Moxley RA, Thippareddi H, Phebus RK, Gallagher DL, Luchansky JB, Renter DG, Kastner CL, Sanderson MW, Thomson DU. Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) in the Beef Chain: Assessing and Mitigating the Risk by Translational Science, Education and Outreach.  $24,808,592. USDA-NIFA-AFRI, Food Safety Challenge Area, NIFA Award No. 2012-68003-30155. 1/1/2012-12/31/2019. This USDA Coordinated Agricultural Project involves 53 collaborators (scientists and educators) at 18 institutions.  NC-1202 participants that are collaborators also includes Drs. T.G. Nagaraja and N. Cernicchiaro at Kansas State University.
   593. Zhang W, Moxley RA, Cernicchiaro N. A Broadly Protective Vaccine against Post-Weaning Diarrhea (PWD). $460,000. USDA-NIFA-AFRI, Animal Health and Disease, Area A1221. Award No. 2017-67015-26632.  5/15/2017-5/14/2022.  Zhang and Cernicchiaro at Kansas State University and Dr. Moxley at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln are all NC-1202 participants.

1. Dakota

1. Yongming Sang’s expertise in transcriptomics was utilized to establish a collaboration and secure NIH R21 funding for another project to understand the role of Torque Teno viruses in modulating host immunity.

1. Tennessee

1. Jun Lin has active collaboration with Oklahoma State University (Dr. Glenn Zhang) for the ongoing NIFA Food Safety Challenge Grant (NIFA 2018-68003-27462). Novel non-antibiotic approaches for mitigation of antimicrobial resistance in poultry.
2. Yongming Sang has activation collaboration with Kansas State University (Drs. Wenjun Ma and Frank Blecha) for the ongoing NIFA Animal Health and Disease Grant (NIFA 2018-67016-28313). Antiviral Potency And Functional Novelty Of Porcine Interferon-Omega Subtype

1. Refereed Journal Articles
2. Noll L, Shridhar P, Ives S, Cha E, Nagaraja TG, Renter DG. Detection and quantification of seven major serogroups of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli on hides of cull dairy, cull beef, and fed beef cattle at slaughter. J Food Prot. 2018; 81(8):1236-1244. (PMID: 29969294)
3. Smith AB, Renter DG, Shi X, Cernicchiaro N, Sahin O, Nagaraja TG. Campylobacter prevalence and quinolone susceptibility in feces of preharvest feedlot cattle exposed to enrofloxacin for the treatment of bovine respiratory disease. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2018; 15(6): 377-385. (PMID: 29638171)
4. Bai J, Trinetta V, Shi X, Noll LW, Magossi G, Zheng W, Porter EP, Cernicchiaro N, Renter DG, Nagaraja TG. A multiplex real-time PCR assay, based on invA and pagC genes, for the detection and quantification of Salmonella enterica from cattle lymph nodes. J Microbiol Methods. 2018; 148:110-116. (PMID: 29621581)
5. Ekong PS, Sanderson MW, Noll LW, Cernicchiaro N, Renter DG, Bello NM, Bai J, Nagaraja TG. Bayesian estimation of true prevalence, sensitivity and specificity of three diagnostic tests for detection of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle feces. Prev Vet Med. 2017; 148:21-27. (PMID: 29157370)
6. Smith AB, Renter DG, Cernicchiaro N. Shi X, Nickell JS, Keil DJ, Nagaraja TG. A randomized trial to assess the effect of fluoroquinolone metaphylaxis on the fecal prevalence and quinolone susceptibilities of Salmonella and Campylobacter in feedlot cattle. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2017; 14(10): 600-607. (PMID: 28768141)
7. Kim Y, Oh C, Shivanna V, Hesse RA, Chang KO. Trypsin-Independent Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus US Strain with Altered Virus Entry Mechanism, BMC Vet Res. 2017 Nov 25;13(1):356. PubMed PMID: 29178878.
8. Damalanka VC, Kim Y, Galasiti Kankanamalage AC, Rathnayake AD, Mehzabeen N, Battaile KP, Lovell S, Nguyen HN, Lushington GH, Chang KO, Groutas WC. Structure-guided Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Oxazolidinone-based Inhibitors of Norovirus 3CL Protease. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2018 Jan 1;143:881-890. PubMed PMID: 29227928.
9. Kim Y, Chang KO. Fexaramine as an entry blocker for feline caliciviruses. Antiviral Research, Antiviral Res. 2018 Feb 15;152:76-83. PubMed PMID: 29454892
10. Galasiti Kankanamalage AC, Kim Y, Damalanka VC, Rathnayake AD, Fehr AR, Mehzabeen N, Battaile KP, Lovell S, Lushington GH, Perlman S, Chang KO, Groutas WC. Structure-Guided Design of Potent and Permeable Inhibitors of MERS Coronavirus 3CL Protease that Utilize a Piperidine Moiety as a Novel Design Element. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2018 Apr 25;150:334-346. PubMed PMID: 29544147.
11. Perera KD, Galasiti Kankanamalage AC, Rathnayake AD, Honeyfield A, Groutas W, Chang KO, Kim Y. Protease inhibitors broadly effective against feline, ferret and mink coronaviruses. Antiviral Res. 2018 Oct 19;160:79-86. PubMed PMID: 30342822.
12. Li Z, Song N, Li W, Hardwidge PR, Bu Z, Liu S. Complete Genome Sequences of Two Porcine Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coliStrains, Genome Announcements, 2018. 6:e00059-18. PMID:29472333
13. Xia P, Quan G, Yang Y, Zhao J, Wang Y, Zhou M, Hardwidge PR, Zhu J, Liu S, Zhu, G. Binding determinants in the interplay between porcine aminopeptidase N and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 fimbriae, Veterinary Research, 2018, Feb 26;49(1):23. PMID:29482635
14. Wang G, Feuerbacher LA, Hardwidge PR. Influence of Intestinal Microbiota Transplantation and NleH Expression on Citrobacter rodentium Colonization of Mice, Pathogens, 2018, Mar 30;7(2). pii: E35. PMID:29601470
15. Hays MP, Houben D, Yang Y, Luirink J, Hardwidge PR. Immunization with Skp Delivered on Outer Membrane Vesicles Protects Mice against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Challenge, Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2018, May 1;8:132. PMID:29765911
16. Yang Y, Zhou M, Hardwidge PR, Cui H, Zhu G. Isolation and characterization of N-acyl homoserine lactone-producing bacteria from cattle rumen and swine intestines, Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2018, May 9;8:155. PMID:29868511
17. Li Z, Quan G, Jiang X, Yang Y, Ding X, Zhang D, Wang X, Hardwidge PR, Ren W, Zhu G. Effects of metabolites derived from gut microbiota and hosts on pathogens, Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2018, Sep 14;8:314. PMID:30276161
18. Park JB, Kim YH, Yoo Y, Kim J, Jun SH, Cho JW, El Qaidi S, Walpole S, Monaco S, García-García AA, Wu M, Hays MP, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Angulo J, Hardwidge PR, Shin JS, Cho HS. Structural basis for arginine glycosylation of host substrates by bacterial effector proteins, Nature Communications, 2018, Oct 16;9(1):4283. PMID: 30327479
19. El Qaidi S, Wu M, Zhu C, Hardwidge PR. Salmonella, E. coli, and Citrobacter type III secretion system effector proteins that alter host innate immunity, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2018 Nov 10. PMID:30411307
20. Wu M, El Qaidi S, Hardwidge PR. SseL deubiquitinates RPS3 to inhibit its nuclear translocation, Pathogens, 2018 Nov 7;7(4). PMID:30405005
21. Brooks PT, Brakel KA, Bell JA, Bejcek CE, Gilpin T, Brudvig JM, Mansfield LS. 2017. Transplanted human fecal microbiota enhanced Guillain Barre syndrome autoantibody responses after Campylobacter jejuni infection in C57BL/6 mice. Microbiome 5:92.
22. Brooks PT, Mansfield LS. 2017. Effects of antibiotic resistance (AR) and microbiota shifts on Campylobacter jejuni-mediated diseases. Anim Health Res Rev 18:99-111.
23. Arshad SH, Holloway JW, Karmaus W, Zhang H, Ewart S, Mansfield L, Matthews S, Hodgekiss C, Roberts G, Kurukulaaratchy R. 2018. Cohort Profile: The Isle Of Wight Whole Population Birth Cohort (IOWBC). Int J Epidemiol 47:1043-1044i.
24. Brooks PT, Bell JA, Bejcek CE, Malik A, and Mansfield LS. 2018. Antibiotic depletion drives severe Campylobacter jejuni-mediated Type 1/17 colitis by three previously non-inflammatory Guillain-Barré Syndrome patient strains, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, in review.
25. Jiayou Liu, Jodi R. Parrish, Julie Hines, Linda Mansfield, and Russell L. Finley Jr. 2018. A proteome-wide screen of Campylobacter jejuni using protein microarrays identifies novel and conformational antigens. PLOS ONE, in review.
26. Zhang, Q., Ke, H., Blikslagar, A., Fujita, T., & Yoo, D. Type III interferon restriction by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and the role of viral protein nsp1 in IRF1 signaling. Virol.2018 Jan 30;92(4). pii: e01677-17. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01677-17. Print 2018 Feb 15.
27. Hicks, J.A., Yoo, D., & Liu, H.C. (2018) Interaction of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus major envelope proteins GP5 and M with the cellular protein snapin. Virus Res. 249: 85-92.
28. Ke, H., Han, M., Zhang, Q., Rowland, R.R., Kerrigan, M., & Yoo, D. (2018). Type I interferon suppression-negative and host mRNA nuclear retention-negative mutation in nsp1β confers attenuation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in pigs. Virology 517: 177-187.
29. Witola W.H., Zhang X, Kim CY. (2017). Targeted Gene Knockdown Validates the Essential role of Lactate Dehydrogenase in Cryptosporidium parvum. J. Parasitol. 47, 867-874.
30. Zhang X., Kim C.Y., Worthen T., Witola W.H. (2018). Morpholino-mediated in vivo silencing of Cryptosporidium parvum Lactate Dehydrogenase decreases oocyst shedding and infectivity. J. Parasitol. 48: 649-656. PMID: 29530646.
31. Leite FLL, Singer RS, Ward T, Gebhart CJ, Isaacson RE. Vaccination against Lawsonia intracellularis decreases shedding of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in co-infected pigs and alters the gut microbiome. Sci Rep. 2018 Feb 12;8(1):2857. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21255-7. PubMed PMID: 29434295; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5809363.
32. Leite FL, Vasquez E, Vannucci FA, Gebhart CJ, Rendahl A, Torrison J, Mueller A, Winkelman NL, Rambo ZJ, Isaacson RE. The effects of zinc amino acid complex supplementation on the porcine host response to Lawsonia intracellularis Vet Res. 2018 Sep 10;49(1):88. doi: 10.1186/s13567-018-0581-3. PubMed PMID: 30201036; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6131730.
33. Pereira CER, Wattanaphansak S, Resende TP, Zarate JAB, Vilaça de Oliveira JS, Klein U, Gebhart CJ, Guedes RMC. Isolation and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of porcine Lawsonia intracellularis from Latin America and Asia. (Accepted with minor changes in BMC Microbiology.)
34. Resende TP, Marthaler D, Vannucci FA. Development of a diagnostic platform for in situ detection and subtyping of rotaviruses in pig samples. J Vet Diagn Invest. (in press)
35. Schaeffer JW, Chandler JC, Davidson M, Magzamen SL, Pérez-Méndez A, Reynolds SJ, Goodridge LD, Volckens J, Franklin AB, Shriner SA, Bisha B. Detection of Viruses from Bioaerosols Using Anion Exchange Resin. J Vis Exp. 2018 Aug 22;(138). doi: 10.3791/58111.
36. Chandler JC, Aljasir SF, Hamidi A, Sylejmani D, Gerow KG, Bisha B. Short communication: A countrywide survey of antimicrobial-resistant indicator bacteria in Kosovo's dairy farms. J Dairy Sci. 2018 Aug;101(8):6982-6989. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-14091. Epub 2018 May 30.
37. Elder JR, Paul NC, Burin R, Guard J, Shah DH. Genomic organization and role of SPI-13 in nutritional fitness of Salmonella. Int J Med Microbiol. 2018 Dec;308(8):1043-1052. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.10.004. Epub 2018 Oct 15. PubMed PMID: 30466554.
38. Chiok KL, Paul NC, Adekanmbi EO, Srivastava SK, Shah DH. Dimethyl adenosine transferase (KsgA) contributes to cell-envelope fitness in Salmonella Microbiol Res. 2018 Nov;216:108-119. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2018.08.009. Epub 2018 Aug 23. PubMed PMID: 30269850.
39. Shah DH, Jones LP, Paul N, Davis MA. Draft Genome Sequences of 12 Clinical and Environmental Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Strains Isolated from a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Washington State. Genome Announc. 2018 Apr 12;6(15). pii: e00290-18. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00290-18. PubMed PMID:29650582; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5897803.
40. Shah DH, Paul NC, Guard J. Complete Genome Sequence of a Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Kentucky Sequence Type 198 Strain, PU131, Isolated from a Human Patient in Washington State. Genome Announc. 2018 Mar 1;6(9). pii: e00125-18. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00125-18. PubMed PMID: 29496839; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5834327.
41. Panzenhagen PHN, Paul NC, Conte Junior CA, Costa RG, Rodrigues DP, Shah DH. Draft Genome Sequences of 11 Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strains Isolated from Human Systemic and Nonsystemic Sites in Brazil. Genome Announc. 2018 Feb 1;6(5). pii: e01223-17. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.01223-17. PubMed PMID: 29437087; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5794934.
42. Panzenhagen PHN, Paul NC, Conte CA Junior, Costa RG, Rodrigues DP, Shah DH. Genetically distinct lineages of Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 and ST19 are present in Brazil. Int J Med Microbiol. 2018 Mar;308(2):306-316. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.01.005. Epub 2018 Jan 31. PubMed PMID: 29396155.
43. Xu, J, Liu S, Tang J, Ozturk S, Kong F, Shah DH. Application of freeze-dried Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 in radio-frequency pasteurization of wheat flour. LWT. 2018 April 90: 124-131. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.12.014
44. Shen Z, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Shen J. Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter spp. Microbiol Spectr. 2018 Apr;6(2). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.ARBA-0013-2017. PubMed PMID: 29623873.
45. Tang Y, Fang L, Xu C, Zhang Q. Antibiotic resistance trends and mechanisms in the foodborne pathogen, Anim Health Res Rev. 2017 Dec;18(2):87-98. doi: 10.1017/S1466252317000135. Epub 2017 Nov 23. PubMed PMID: 29166961.
46. Dai L, Sahin O, Tang Y, Zhang Q. A Mutator Phenotype Promoting the Emergence of Spontaneous Oxidative Stress-Resistant Mutants in Campylobacter jejuni. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2017 Dec 1;83(24). pii: e01685-17. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01685-17. Print 2017 Dec 15. PubMed PMID: 29030436; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5717198.
47. Tang Y, Meinersmann RJ, Sahin O, Wu Z, Dai L, Carlson J, Plumblee J, Genzlinger L, LeJeune JT, Zhang Q. Wide but variable distribution of a hypervirulent Campylobacter jejuni clone in beef and dairy cattle in the United States. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2017 Sep 29. pii: AEM.01425-17. doi:10.1128/AEM.01425-17. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 28970227; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5717212.
48. Stromberg ZR, Lewis GL, Schneider LG, Erickson GE, Patel IR, Smith DR, Moxley RA. Culture-based quantification with molecular characterization of non-O157 and O157 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli isolates from rectoanal mucosal swabs of feedlot cattle. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2018;15:26-32. PubMed PMID: 29022742.
49. Schneider LG, Klopfenstein TJ, Stromberg ZR, Lewis GL, Erickson GE, Moxley RA, Smith DR. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of dietary fibre from distillers grains on enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli detection from the rectoanal mucosa and hides of feedlot steers. Zoonoses Public Health 2018;65:124-133. PubMed PMID: 28755469.
50. Lewis G, Jorgensen QR, Loy JD, Moxley RA. Tellurite resistance in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Curr Microbiol. 75:752-759. PubMed PMID: 29423730
51. Schneider LG, Lewis GL, Moxley RA, Smith DR. A four-season longitudinal study of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in beef cow-calf herds in Mississippi and Nebraska. Zoonoses Public Health 2018;65:552-559. PubMed PMID: 29573177.
52. Kathayat D, Helmy YA, Deblais L, Rajashekara G. 2018. Novel small molecules affecting cell membrane as potential therapeutics for avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Scientific Reports 8:15329.
53. Mawad A, Helmy YA, Shalkami AG, Kathayat D,Rajashekara G. 2018. E. coli Nissle microencapsulation in alginate-chitosan nanoparticles and its effect on Campylobacter jejuni in vitro. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018 Oct 9. doi: 10.1007/s00253-018-9417-3. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID:30302522
54. Deblais L, Lorentz B, Scaria J, Nagaraja KV, Nisar M, Lauer D, Voss S, Rajashekara G. 2018. Comparative Genomic Studies of Salmonella Heidelberg Isolated From Chicken- and Turkey-Associated Farm Environmental Samples. Front Microbiol 9.
55. Deblais L, Helmy YA, Kathayat D, Huang H, Miller SA, Rajashekara G. 2018. Novel Imidazole and Methoxybenzylamine Growth Inhibitors Affecting Salmonella Cell Envelope Integrity and its Persistence in Chickens. Sci Rep 8:13381.
56. Deblais L, Scaria J, Rajashekara G. 2018. Draft genome sequences of Salmonella entericaenterica serotype Heidelberg from chicken and turkey farm environments. Microbiol Resour Announc 7:e01204-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.01204-18.
57. Helmy, YA., Deblais, L., Kassem II, Kathayat, D., and Rajashekara, G. (2018). Novel small molecule modulators of quorum sensing in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Virulence. DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1528844.
58. Miyazaki A, Kandasamy S, Michael H, Langel SN, Paim FC, Chepngeno J, Alhamo MA, Fischer DD, Huang HC, Srivastava V, Kathayat D, Deblais L, Rajashekara G, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. 2018. Protein deficiency reduces efficacy of oral attenuated human rotavirus vaccine in a human infant fecal microbiota transplanted gnotobiotic pig model. 2018 Oct 8;36(42):6270-6281.
59. Jung, K., Miyazaki, A., Saif, L.J. (2018) Immunohistochemical detection of the vomiting-inducing monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin and enterochromaffin cells in the intestines of conventional or gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and serum cytokine responses of Gn pigs to acute PEDV infection. Research in Veterinary Science. Jun 12;119:99-108.
60. Jung, K., Miyazaki, A., Hu, H., Saif, L.J. (2018) Susceptibility of porcine IPEC-J2 intestinal epithelial cells to infection with porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and serum cytokine responses of gnotobiotic pigs to acute infection of the IPEC-J2 cell culture-grown PDCoV. Veterinary Microbiology. 21: 49-58.
61. Oka T, Stoltzfus GT, Zhu C, Jung K, Wang Q, Saif LJ. 2018. Attempts to grow human noroviruses, a sapovirus, and a bovine norovirus in vitro. PLoS ONE 13(2): e0178157. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178157
62. Hu H, Jung K, Wang Q, Vlasova AN, Saif LJ. 2018. Development of a one-step RT-PCR assay for detection of pancoronaviruses (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-coronaviruses) using newly designed degenerate primers for porcine and avian fecal samples. Journal of Virological Methods 256:116-122.
63. Esseili MA, Meulia T, Saif LJ, Wang Q. 2018. Tissue distribution and visualization of internalized human norovirus in leafy greens. Appl Environ Microbiol 84:e00292-18. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00292-18. [Epub ahead of print] (selected as Spotlight)
64. Yunfang Su, Yixuan Hou, Melanie Prarat, Yan Zhang, and Qiuhong Wang. 2018. New variants of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus with large deletions in the spike protein in United States, 2016-2017. Archives of Virology. 163(9):2485-2489.
65. Yunfang Su, Yixuan Hou, and Qiuhong Wang. The enhanced replication of an S-intact PEDV during coinfection with an S1 NTD-del PEDV in piglets. Vet. Microbiol. 228:202-212. (ePub ahead)
66. Chun-Ming Lin; Shristi Ghimire; Yixuan Hou; Patricia Boley; Stephanie N. Langel; Anastasia N. Vlasova; Linda J. Saif; Qiuhong Wang 2018. Pathogenicity and immunogenicity of attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus PC22A strain in conventional weaned pigs. BMC Veterinary Research (in revision)
67. Yixuan Hou, Tea Meulia, Xiang Gao, Linda J Saif and Qiuhong Wang. 2018. The deletion of both tyrosine-based endocytosis signal and endoplasmic reticulum-retrieval signal in the cytoplasmic tail of spike protein attenuates PEDV in pigs. J Virol. (online on 11/7/2018)
68. Qiuhong Wang, Anastasia N. Vlasova, Scott P. Kenney, Linda J. Saif. Emerging and re-emerging coronaviruses in pigs. Current Opinion in Virology. (Invited review, accepted).
69. N. Langel, F. C. Paim, M. A. Alhamo, A. Buckley, A. Van Geelen, K. M. Lager, A. N. Vlasova, L. J. Saif: Stage of gestation at porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection of pregnant swine impacts maternal immunity and lactogenic immune protection of neonatal suckling piglets. Submitted to Frontiers in Immunology (2018)
70. Robinson, K., X. Ma, Y. Liu, S. Qiao, Y. Hou, and G. Zhang. 2018. Dietary modulation of endogenous host defense peptide synthesis as an alternative approach to in-feed antibiotics. Animal Nutrition. 4: 160-169.
71. Lyu, W., Z. Deng, L.T. Sunkara, S. Becker, K. Robinson, R. Matts, and G. Zhang. 2018. High throughput screening for natural host defense peptide-inducing compounds as novel alternatives to antibiotics. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 8: 191.
72. Deng, Z., J. Wang, W. Lyu, X. Wieneke, R. Matts, X. Ma, and G. Zhang. 2018. Development of a cell-based high throughput screening assay to identify porcine host defense peptide-inducing compounds. Journal of Immunology Research
73. Singh, P., Singh, G., Karsky, J., Nelson, E., Ramamoorthy, S., 2018. A convenient colorimetric assay for the quantification of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and neutralizing antibodies. Journal of virological methods 262, 32-37
74. Zeng, X., Z. Wu, Q. Zhang, J. Lin. 2018. Identification and characterization of a restriction-modification enzyme reducing conjugation efficiency in Campylobacter jejuni using a co-transformation method. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 84(23): e02004-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02004-18
75. Xu, F., X. Zeng, A. Hinenoya, J. Lin. 2018. The MCR-1 confers cross-resistance to bacitracin, a widely used in-feed antibiotic. 3(5): e00411-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00411-18
76. Vijayaraghavan, J., V. Kumar, N.P. Krishnan, R.T. Kaufhold, X. Zeng, J. Lin, F. van den Akker. Structural studies and molecular dynamics simulations suggest a processive mechanism of exolytic lytic transglycosylase from Campylobacter jejuni. PLoS ONE 13(5): e0197136. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197136.
77. Liu Q, Miller LC, Blecha F, Sang Y. Reduction of infection by inhibiting mTOR pathway is associated with reversed repression of type I interferon by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Gen Virol. 2017 Jun;98(6):1316-1328.
78. Sang Y, Shields L, Sang RE, Si HJ, Pigg A, Blecha F. 2018. Transcriptomic Analysis in Obese Rats Induced by High-Fat Diets plus an Adenoviral Infection. International J. Obesity, in press.
79. Erickson, A. K., Murray, D. L., Ruesch, L. A., Thomas, M., Lau, Z., Scaria, J. (2018). Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Salmonella Isolated from Fresh Ground Meats Obtained from Retail Grocery Stores in the Brookings, South Dakota, Area. of Food Protection, 81(9), 1526-1534.
80. Bessire BC, Thomas M, Gehring KB,  Savell JW,  Griffin DB,  Taylor TM,  Mikel WB,  Campbell JA,   Arnold A,   Scaria J. (2018)  National survey of Salmonella prevalence in lymph nodes of sows and market hogs, Volume 2, Issue 4, 1 October 2018, Pages 365–371
81. Ghimire S, Kumar R, Nelson EA, Hennings J, Scaria J (2018) Genome sequence and description of Blautia brookingsii str SG772 nov., a new species of anaerobic bacterium isolated from healthy human gut. bioRxiv doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/327007
82. Thomas M, Wongkuna S, Ghimire S, Doerner K, Singery A, Nelson EA, Woyengo T, Chankhamhaengdecha S, Janvilisri T , Scaria J. (2018) Gut Microbial succession during conventionalization of germfree chicken. bioRxiv doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/360784

1. Book Chapters

1. Non-Refereed Articles
2. Resende TP. Enteroids as an in vitro model for ileitis. National Hog Farmer 2018. Apr 63(4):12-18. Available at: http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/134cc228#/57498229/1

1. Research Presentations with Published Abstracts
2. Hardwidge, PR. 6^th Annual Conference on Microbiology, Baltimore, MD, October 2017
3. Hardwidge, PR. ASBMB annual meeting, San Diego, CA, April 2018
4. Hardwidge, PR. Vaccines against Shigella and ETEC, Mexico City, Mexico, June 2018
5. Hardwidge, PR. FASEB Microbial Glycobiology, Scottsdale, AZ, June 2018
6. Hardwidge, PR. 12^th Vaccine Congress, Budapest, Hungary, September 2018.
7. Malik A, Brudvig JM, Gadsden BJ, Ethridge AD, and Mansfield LS. 2017 Campylobacter jejuni induces autoimmune peripheral neuropathy via Siglec-1 and IL-4 axes. Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Related Organisms Meeting, Nantes France, September 2017.
8. Mansfield, LS, 2017. Developing transplanted human microbiota models to study the effects of the early microbiome on development of inflammation, autoimmunity and allergy. Inflame,
9. Ewart SL, Bell JA, Claiborne DJ, Zanetti AT, Lund L, Arshad SH, and Mansfield LS. 2017. Transplanted human microbiota and enteric pathogen challenge enhanced susceptibility to allergen-mediated asthma in a murine model, The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI), March 2-5, 2018, Orlando, FL.
10. Mansfield LS, Ethridge AD, Brooks PT, Brakel KA, and Bell JA. 2017. Effect of Host Genetic background on development of autoimmunity in transplanted and vertically transmitted human microbiota mouse models. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI), March 2-5, 2018, Orlando, FL.
11. White CH, Alzahrani AM, Zhang H, Ewart SL, Mansfield LS, Arshad SH, Karmaus W, Rezwan FR, Holloway JW. Epigenome-wide Association Study of the Effect of Maternal Age on Offspring DNA Methylation. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI), March 2-5, 2018, Orlando, FL.
12. Mitchel F, Karmaus W, Zhang H, Ewart SL, Mansfield LS, Holloway J, Potter S, Kurukulaaratchy R, Arshad SH. Recruitment and Characterization of the Isle Of Wight 3^rd Generation Birth Cohort. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI), March 2-5, 2018, Orlando, FL.
13. Bell JA, Brooks PT, Brakel KA, Ethridge AD, and Mansfield LS. 2017. Differences in microbial food webs are correlated with enhanced Campylobacter jejuni colonization levels in mice with human-derived versus conventional gut microbiotas, Microbial Population Biology Conference, Gordon Research Conference, Proctor Academy, July 9-14, 2017. 
14. Moya Uribe IA, Bell JA, Ewart SL, and Mansfield LS. Human microbiota increased type 2 allergic responses in a mouse asthma model infected with jejuni. Phi Zeta Research Day, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, October 5, 2018.
15. Terauchi H and Mansfield LS. The impact of air quality on gut microbiome in rats with metabolic syndrome. Phi Zeta Research Day, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, October 5, 2018.
16. Sher SA, Bell JA and Mansfield LS. Reversible motility mutations and parallel sigma-54 loss during evolution of Campylobacter jejuni. Phi Zeta Research Day, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, October 5, 2018.
17. Faryean J and Mansfield LS. Pain is associated with nerve inflammation in Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Phi Zeta Research Day, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, October 5, 2018.
18. Mansfield LS, Ethridge AD, Brooks PT, Bell JA. Human microbiota influenced Campylobacter jejuni colonization and autoimmunity more than host genetic background. Conference of Research Workers on Animal Diseases, Chicago, IL, December 1-4, 2018.
19. Wang, L., Eggett, T.E., Li, G., Zhang, Y., Lanka, S., Fredrickson, R.L, Yoo, D., Bowman, A.S. 2018. Development of a triplex real-time RT-PCR assay for detection and differentiation of three genotypes of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. 61^st Ass. Vet. Lab. Diagn /122^nd USAHA Annual Meeting, Oct 18-22, Kansas City, KS.
20. Hicks, JA, Yoo, D., Liu, HC. 2018. Identification of potential regulators of the porcine immunomodulatory microRNA, miR-146a. 25^th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress. Chongqing, China. June 10-15.
21. Ke, H., Lee, S. Yoo, D. 2018. PRRSV nucleocapsid protein binding to PIAS1 activates NF-kB for production of proinflammatory mediators. 25^th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress. Chongqing, China. June 10-15.
22. Zhang Q., Ke, H., Blikslager, A., Fujita, T., Yoo, D. 2018. Restriction of type III interferon antiviral cytokines by PEDV and the role of nsp1. 25^th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress. Chongqing, China. June 10-15.
23. Zhang, Q., Ke, H., Yoo, D. 2018. Regulation of type III interferons by PEDV is mediated through suppression of IRF1 and peroxisome biogenesis. 25^th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress. Chongqing, China. June 10-15.
24. Yoo, D. 2017. PEDV and type III interferon modulations. USDA-NIFA Project Directors Meeting. Chicago, IL. Dec 3.
25. Yoo, D. 2017. Type III interferons and innate immune evasions of PEDV. NC-1202 Annual Research Meeting. Chicago, IL. Dec 3-4.
26. Zhang Q., and Yoo, D. 2017. Inhibition of type III interferons in the intestinal epithelial cells by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and innate immune evasion. CRWAD. Chicago, IL. Dec 3-5.
27. Zhang Q., and Yoo, D. 2017. Inhibition of type III interferons in the intestinal epithelial cells by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and innate immune evasion. North American PRRS Symposium 2017. Chicago, IL. Dec 1-2.
28. Gebhart, C. Veterinary Brachyspiras: Old and New. Gordon Research Conference on Biology of Spirochetes, January 21-26, 2018 - January 26, Ventura, CA  Invited Presentation.
29. Leite F, Vasquez E, Vannucci F, Abrahante JE, Gebhart C, Torrison J, Mueller A, Winkelman N, Rambo Z, and Isaacson RE Investigating the Mucosal Immune Response to Lawsonia intracellularis. Leman Swine Conference, St Paul, MN. 2018. Poster Presentation.
30. Leite F, Vasquez E, Vannucci F, Abrahante JE, Rendahl A, Torrison J, Mueller A, Winkelman N, Gebhart C, Rambo Z, Isaacson RE. The Impact of Zinc Amino Acid Complex Supplementation on the Porcine Response to Subclinical Lawsonia intracellularis 49th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Swine Veterinarians, San Diego, CA. 2018. Proceedings Paper and Oral Presentation.
31. Leite F, Vasquez E, Vannucci F, Abrahante JE, Rendahl A, Torrison J, Mueller A, Winkelman N, Gebhart C, Rambo Z, Isaacson RE. Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 and Other Molecules Involved in Cellular Proliferation and Inflammation are Associated with Lawsonia intracellularis Infection in Pigs. 98th Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases (CRWAD), Chicago, IL. 2017. Oral Presentation.
32. Pereira CER, Resende TP, Daniel AGS, Vannucci FA, Gebhart CJ, Guedes RMC. Clathrin-dependent endocytosis of Lawsonia intracellularis in intestinal porcine epithelial Cells. 25rd International Pig Veterinary Society Congress 2018. 2:793.
33. Pereira CER, Resende TP, Vannucci FA, Santos RL, Armien A, Gebhart CJ, Guedes RMC. Interaction between Lawsonia intracellularis and porcine peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages. 25rd International Pig Veterinary Society Congress 2018. 2:794.
34. Pereira CER, Wattanaphansak S, Resende TP, Zarate JAB, Vilaça de Oliveira JS, Klein U, Gebhart CJ, Guedes RMC. Isolation and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of porcine Lawsonia intracellularis from Latin America and Asia. 25rd International Pig Veterinary Society Congress 2018. 2:810.
35. Resende TP, Kupiec C, Vannucci FA, Salqui-Salces M, Gebhart, CJ. Evaluation of mouse enteroids as an in vitro model for Lawsonia intracellularis Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases 2017. 1:92.
36. Trudeau M, Resende TP, Guo Y, Urriola PE, Shurson GC, Gebhart CJ, and Saqui-Salces M. Development of swine enteroids as a model to study Lawsonia intracellularis J. of Animal Science, Vol 96, Issue suppl 2, April 2018, pages 213-214. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky073.395
37. Vasquez E, Marshall Lund L, Vannucci,F, Patnayak D and Gebhart C. Evaluation of two serological assays for Lawsonia intracellularis 98th Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases (CRWAD), Chicago, IL. 2017. Oral Presentation.
38. Vasquez E, Valeris R, Beckler D and Vannucci F. Impact of vaccination on transmission of Lawsonia intracellularis in pigs. Allen Leman Conference. Sept 15, 2018. St. Paul, MN. Poster presentation.
39. Chandler J, Blouin N, Bono J, Franklin A, Goodridge L, Root J, Shriner S, Bisha B. Genetic Context of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli at the Livestock-Wildlife Interface. International Association for Food Protection Annual Meeting. July 8 - July 11, 2018, Salt Lake City, UT.
40. Anders J, Chandler J, Carlson J, LeJeune J, Goodridge L, Wang B, Day L, Mangan A, Reid D, Coleman S, Bisha B. Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Escherichia coli from European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) Associated with Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations International Association for Food Protection Annual Meeting. July 8 – July 11, 2018, Salt Lake City, UT.
41. Burin R, Paul N, Chiok K, Shah D.H. SPI-13 contributes to nutritional adaptation of Salmonella. 20th CVM Student and Post-Doctoral Research Symposium, Oct, 25th, 2018.
42. Burin R, Chiok K, Shah D.H. SPI-13 contributes to nutritional adaptation of Salmonella. 99th CRWAD Meeting, Dec 1st-4th, 2018.
43. Schaefer K, Dai L, Krull A, Burrough E, Zhang Q, Sahin O. Prevalence, species distribution, and mechanism of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus from companion animals in the Midwest U.S. Poster presentation at ISU College of Veterinary Medicine Summer Scholar Research Day, August 11, 2017, Ames, IA.
44. Muirhead S, Tang Y, Pavlovic N, Zhang Q. Identification of a predominant Campylobacter coli clone in feedlot cattle in the United States. Poster presentation at ISU College of Veterinary Medicine Summer Scholar Research Day, August 11, 2017, Ames, IA.
45. Rodriguez T, Ocal MM, Singh K, Krull A, Zhang Q, Sahin O. Mechanism and cross-resistance patterns of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus from companion animals. Poster presentation at CVM Summer Scholars Research Day, Iowa State University, August 10, 2018, Ames, IA.
46. Schroeder A, Goulart DB, Beyi A, Wu Z, Singh K, Sahin O, Plummer P, Dewell G, Dewell R, Zhang Q. Effect of Enrofloxacin treatment on the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistant Campylobacter in cattle. Poster presentation at CVM Summer Scholars Research Day, Iowa State University, August 10, 2018, Ames, IA.
47. Moxley RA. Progress and challenges in culture-based detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Annual Meeting of the International Association for Food Protection. Salt Lake City, UT, July 8-11, 2018. Abstract, Session S9: Non-NGS Methods for Foodborne Pathogen Identification, J Food Prot 81 (Supplement A):11.

47. Jung Y, Porto-Fett ACS, Shoyer BA, Henry E, Trauger Z, Shane LE, Osoria M, Rupert C, Chapman B, Parveen S, Meredith J, Schwarz J, Moxley R, Luchansky JB. Recovery of regulated non-O157 serogroups of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from veal cutlets, ground veal, and ground beef collected from retail stores in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Annual Meeting of the International Association for Food Protection. Salt Lake City, UT, July 8-11, 2018. Abstract, P1-90, J Food Prot 81 (Supplement A):107.

48. Lu T, Moxley RA, Zhang W. New fimbriae-toxoid vaccine candidate can induce immunogenic and neutralizing antibodies against multiple virulence factors of porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the 99th Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, Chicago, IL, December 2-4, 2018, Abstract 301.
49. Kathayat D, Mawad AMM, Closs G Jr., Helmy YA, Deblais L, Srivastava V, Blakeslee JJ, Rajashekara G. 2018. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 possesses strong antimicrobial activity against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. OARDC annual conference 2018, Wooster, OH.
50. Kathayat D, Helmy YA, Deblais L, Rajashekara G. 2018. Small molecule adjuvants potentiate the antimicrobial activity of colistin against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Abstract submitted to 99^th annual conference of research workers in animal diseases (CRWAD), Chicago, IL.
51. Yosra A. Helmy, Dipak Kathayat, Mostafa Ghanem, Loic Deblais, Gary Closs, Vishal Srivastava, Mohamed El-Gazzar, and Gireesh Rajashekara (2018). Novel small molecules with antimicrobial activities against Mycoplasma gallisepticuminfections in poultry. The 99^th annual conference of research workers in animal Diseases (CRWAD). December 1^st- 4^th. Chicago. IL. USA (Accepted).
52. Yosra A. Helmy, Dipak Kathayat, Loic Deblais, Gary Closs, Vishal Srivastava and Gireesh Rajashekara (2018). Novel quorum sensing inhibitors to control colibacillosis in chickens. CFAES Annual Research Conference. April 27^th, Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio State, USA
53. Srivastava V, Huang HC, Deblais L, Miyazaki A, Kandasamy S, Langel SN, Paim FC, Chepngeno J, Kathayat D, Vlasova AN, Saif LJ, Rajashekara G (2018). Lower efficacy of human rotavirus vaccine in a microbiota humanized gnotobiotic pig model: A microbiota prospective. The 99th annual conference of research workers in animal diseases (CRWAD) Dec 1^st -4^th, IL. USA.
54. Closs G., Helmy Y.H., Howell A., Kathayat D., and Rajashekara G (2018). Efficacy and antimicrobial characterization of different probiotic bacteria against Salmonella infections in-vitro. The 99th annual conference of research workers in animal Diseases (CRWAD). Dec 1st- 4th. Chicago. IL. USA.
55. Yunfang Su, Yixuan Hou, Melanie Prarat, Yan Zhang, and Qiuhong Wang. Archives o Virology. New PEDV variants with a large deletion in the spike protein in United States, 2016-2017. (poster). Proc. 37th American Society for Virology Annual meeting, Abstract#P10-2, College Park, Maryland. July 14-18, 2018.
56. Yixuan Hou, Yunfang Su, Linda J Saif, and Qiuhong Wang. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Lacking Ribose 2’O-Methyltransferase Activity is Attenuated in Pigs. (Oral). Proc. 37th American Society for Virology Annual meeting, Abstract#W16-6, College Park, Maryland. July 14-18, 2018.
57. Yixuan Hou, Tea Meulia, Xiang Gao, Linda J Saif and Qiuhong Wang. A tyrosine-based sorting motif in PEDV spike protein is an endocytosis signal and contributes to viral virulence. (oral) Presentation #260. The 99th Conference for Research Workers in Animal Disease (CRWAD). Chicago, IL. December 2-4, 2018.
58. Qiuhong Wang, Linda J. Saif, Yixuan Hou, Chun-Ming Lin, Xiang Gao, Xinsheng Liu, Thavamathi Annamalai. Molecular attenuation mechanisms of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in pigs. (oral) Presentation #261. The 99th Conference for Research Workers in Animal Disease (CRWAD). Chicago, IL. December 2-4, 2018.
59. N. Langel, A. N. Vlasova, F. C. Paim, M. A. Alhamo, A. Buckley, K. M. Lager, L. J. Saif: Gestational age impacts mucosal immunity and the gut-mammary gland-secretory IgA axis in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)-infected pregnant swine and lactogenic immune protection of their piglets. American Society of Virology Annual Meeting, College Park, MD (2018)
60. C. Paim, L.J. Saif, A.S. Bowman, L. Miller, H. Hu, A.N. Vlasova. 2018. Detection of Deltacoronavirus (δ-CoVs) and Gammacoronavirus (γ-CoV) in avian cloacal swabs from wild birds in the United States. CRWAD 2018 — The 99th Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Dec 2-4, 2018; Chicago, Illinois
61. Chepngeno, A. Diaz, Chimelo, F.C., S. Takanashi, H. Michael, L.J. Saif, A.N. Vlasova. 2018. Rotavirus C prevalence in healthy and diarrheic piglets: effects of maternal immunity. CRWAD 2018 — The 99th Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Dec 2-4, 2018; Chicago, Illinois
62. SsemadaaliA., Kolyvushko O., and Ramamoorthy S. (2018). Immunoinformatics-based design of a porcine circovirus strain-2 (PCV2) diagnostic test. The Annual NDSU-CAFSNR AgWeek Poster Symposium, Fargo, ND (2018) April.
63. G., Zholobko. O., Pillatzki.A., Nelson. E., Webb. B., Voronov. A., and Ramamoorthy. S. Enhancing Delivery and Immune Response of Peptide Vaccine by Polymer-Peptide Mixed Micellar Assemblies. The Annual NDSU-CAFSNR AgWeek Poster Symposium, Fargo, ND (2018).
64. Marvin A. Ssemadaali, Pankaj Singh and Sheela Ramamoorthy. Potential role of porcine circoviruses in the replication of torque teno viruses. North Dakota Academy of Sciences, Mankato, MN (2018)
65. Rakibuzzaman AGM^*, Oleksandr Kolyvushko, Angela Pillatzki, Pablo Pineyro, Gagandeep Singh ^,Peter Nara and Sheela Ramamoorthy. Epitope targeted improvement of vaccine efficacy against porcine circovirus strain 2 (PCV2). North Dakota Academy of Sciences, Mankato, MN (2018)
66. Marvin Ssemadaali, Pankaj Singh and Sheela Ramamoorthy. Helper viral proteins in the replication of Torque Teno Viruses. 96th Annual Meeting of the Council of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, IL (2018)
67. Gagandeep Singh and Sheela Ramamoorthy. First response vaccines for emergency preparedness. 96th Annual Meeting of the Council of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, IL (2018)
68. Rakibuzzaman AGM, Oleksandr Kolyvushko, Angela Pillatzki, Pablo Pineyro, Gagandeep Singh ,Peter Nara and Sheela Ramamoorthy. Designing epitope-based vaccines for enhanced immunity and detection. 96th Annual Meeting of the Council of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, IL (2018)
69. Li, X.P., J. Sun, J.Q. Song, R.Y. Sun, X.P.Liao, J. Lin, Y.H. Liu. 2018. Within-host diversity of colistin resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from chicken in China. Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Disease. December 1-4, Chicago
70. Zeng, X., H.Wang, C. Huang, B. Gillespie, J. Lin. 2018. Efficacy of enterobactin conjugate vaccines to induce enterobactin specific egg yolk antibodies. Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Disease. December 1-4, Chicago
71. Wang, H., X. Zeng, Y. Mo, J. Lin. 2018. Characterization of the enterobactin-specific antibodies induced by a novel enterobactin conjugate vaccine. Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Disease. December 1-4, Chicago
72. Lin, J., X. Zeng, C.M.Logue, L.K. Nolan. 2018. Enterobactin-based immune intervention to control colibacillosis in poultry. Annual Conference of Research Workers in Animal Disease. December 1-4, Chicago
73. Lin, J., W. Geng, S. Long, S. Joyce. 2018. Improved animal husbandry through inhibition of gut microbial bile salt hydrolase. Focused Meeting 2018: Microbiomes Underpinning Agriculture. October 1-2, Cork, Ireland
74. Hinenoya, A., X. Zeng, O. Sahin, C. Logue, S. Yamasaki, J. Lin. 2018. Isolation of Escherichia albertii from the clinical Eschericjia coli strains isolated from pets and poultry in the US. American Society for Microbiology Annual Meeting. June 7-11, Atlanta, GA
75. Zeng, X., F. Xu, J. Lin. 2018. The MCR-1 confers cross-resistance to bacitracin in Escherichia coli. American Society for Microbiology Annual Meeting. June 7-11, Atlanta, GA (This abstract was selected for displaying in the on-site press room for reporters)
76. Geng, W., C. Gahan, S. Joyce, J. Chang, A. Saxton, J. Lin. 2018. In vivo evaluation of bile salt hydrolase inhibitors using broiler chicken. American Society for Microbiology Annual Meeting. June 7-11, Atlanta, GA
77. Zeng, X., H. Wang, C. Huang, B. Gillespie, J. Lin. 2018. Production of egg yolk antibodies directed against enterobactin. American Society for Microbiology Annual Meeting. June 7-11, Atlanta, GA
78. Wang, H., X. Zeng, B. Gillespie, J. Lin. The enterobactin conjugate vaccines triggered high titer of enterobactin-specific antibodies in rabbits. American Society for Microbiology Annual Meeting. June 7-11, Atlanta, GA
79. Gong, J., X. Zeng, P. Zhang, D. Zhang, C. Wang, J. Lin. 2018. Emergence of multidrug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana in China and the underlying molecular determinants. American Society for Microbiology Annual Meeting. June 7-11, Atlanta, GA
80. Vijayaraghavan, J., V. Kumar, N.P. Krishnan, R. T. Kaufhold, X. Zeng, J. Lin, F. van den Akker. 2018. Structure and Mechanistic Insights into the Soluble Lytic Transglycosylase from Campylobacter jejuni. American Society for Microbiology Annual Meeting. June 7-11, Atlanta, GA
81. Wang, A., J. Lin, Q. Zhong. 2018. Probiotics powders prepared by mixing suspension of Lactobacillus salivarius NRRL B-30514 and spray-dried lactose: Viability and physical and biophysical properties. Institute of Food Technologists Annual Meeting. July 15-18, Chicago, IL
82. Wang, A., J. Lin, Q. Zhong. 2018. Roles of proteins and lactose on survival of Lactobacillus salivarius NRRL B-30514 dehydrated with skim milk powder. Institute of Food Technologists Annual Meeting. July 15-18, Chicago, IL
83. Vijayaraghavan, J., V. Kumar, N.P. Krishnan, R. T. Kaufhold, X. Zeng, J. Lin, F. van den Akker. 2018. Structure and Mechanistic Insights into the Doughnut-Shaped Lytic Transglycosylase from Campylobacter jejuni. 2018 American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. April 21-25, San Diego, CA

1. Research Presentations without Published Abstracts
2. Hardwidge, PR. Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China, November 2017
3. Hardwidge, PR. Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, China, November 2017
4. Hardwidge, PR. Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China, March 2018
5. Hardwidge, PR. Biodiversity Conservation and Tropical Disease Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam, August 2018
6. Hardwidge, PR. National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam, August 2018
7. Hardwidge, PR. Ag Biosecurity and Biodefense Consortium, Nebraska City, NE, October 2018
8. Daniel AGS, De Conti ER, Rendahl A, Gebhart CJ. Development of a serological ELISA using a recombinant proteins and whole cell antigen for detection of IgG and IgA against Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. University of Minnesota, Oct. 2018.
9. Resende TP, Guo Y, Vannucci FA, Salqui-Salces M, Gebhart CJ. Mouse enteroids as an in vitro model for Lawsonia intracellularis BRASCON, Columbus OH, 2018.
10. Resende TP, Guo Y, Vannucci FA, Salqui-Salces M, Gebhart CJ. Lawsonia intracellularis infection decreases the number of endocrine cells in pigs affected by proliferative enteropathy. 14th International Symposium on Digestive Physiology of Pigs, Brisbane, Australia, 2018.
11. Resende TP, Vannucci FA, Salqui-Salces M, Gebhart CJ. Effects of Lawsonia intracellularis infection in the number of enteroendocrine cells in mouse enteroids. 14th International Symposium on Digestive Physiology of Pigs, Brisbane, Australia, 2018.
12. Bisha B. Colorimetric and Electrochemical Bacteria Detection Using Printed Paper- and Transparency-Based Analytic Devices. Fifth Annual Rapid Detection for Food Safety Conference, June 27, 2018, Bethesda, MD (invited talk).
13. Moxley RA. Progress in the control of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in beef through the USDA-NIFA STEC Coordinated Agricultural Project (CAP). 37th Annual Midwest Section AOACI Meeting, Lincoln, NE, June 5, 2018, oral, invited presentation.
14. Moxley RA. National Institute of Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Education, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, August 21, 2018, oral, invited presentation.
15. Moxley RA. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC): a continuing threat to food safety. Ag Biosecurity and Biodefense Consortium: Regional Capabilities and Research Portfolios. Nebraska City, NE, October 23, oral, invited presentation.
16. Moxley RA. Would you like a career in veterinary research? VBMS 101 Success in Veterinary Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE, October 29, 2018, oral, invited presentation.
17. Moxley RA. Careers in medical microbiology and related fields. MBIO 101 Introduction to the Microbiology Major, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE, November 9, 2018, oral, invited presentation.