Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

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ANNUAL REPORT PROJECT NC-229
PERIOD COVERED: December 1 2016 to November 30 2017
INSTITUTION OR STATION: Iowa State University
A. NC-229 REPRESENTATIVE:
Zimmerman, Jeff
Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine (VDPAM)
jjzimm@iastate.edu
515-294-1073
PRINCIPLE LEADERS at Iowa State University associated with the projects
Arruda, B
wilberts@iastate.edu
515-294-5750
Karriker, Locke
karriker@iastate.edu
515-294-2283
Schwartz, Kent J.
kschwart@iastate.edu
515-294-1177
Baum, D
dhbaum@iastate.edu
515-294-1186
Linhares, Daniel
Linhares@iastate.edu
515-294-9358
Stevenson, Greg W
stevengw@iastate.edu
515-294-1124
Burrough, ER
burrough@iastate.edu
515-294-0190
Madson, Darin
madson@iastate.edu
515-294-9808
Wang, Chong
chwang@iastate.edu
515-294-3836
Li, Ganwu
liganwu@iastate.edu
515-294-3358
Main, Rodger G
rmain@iastate.edu
515-294-6945
Yoon, Kyoung-Jin
kyoon@iastate.edu
515-294-1083
Gauger, Phillip C
pcgauger@iastate.edu
515-294-2437
Piñeyro, Pablo E
pablop@iastate.edu
515-294-3837
Zhang, Jianqing
jqzhang@iastate.edu
515-294-8024
Halbur, Patrick
pghalbur@iastate.edu
515-294-1137
Ramirez, Alejandro
ramireza@iastate.edu
515-294-7463
Holtkamp, Derald J
Holtkamp@iastate.edu
515-294-9611
Roth, JA
jaroth@iastate.edu
515-294-8459
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B. PROGRESS OF WORK AND PRINCIPAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS:
OBJECTIVE 1. Control of PRRSV.
Refer to publications listed in Section D.
OBJECTIVE 2. Developing effective and efficient approaches for detection, prevention
and control of pressing viral diseases of swine of recent emergence
Refer to publications listed in Section D.
C. IMPACT AND VALUE OF RESEARCH TO STAKEHOLDERS (500 words):
Research advances over the last year by this research group have continued to expand our
understanding of PRRSV, PEDV, PCV2, IAV, ASFV, SVA and other emerging viral diseases of
swine and provide new ideas for preventing, countering and/or eliminating these infections.
Extensive work has been done on the mechanisms of host-pathogen(s) interactions. Likewise
new work on the ecology and epidemiology of these agents provide insight into the mechanisms
by which they maintain endemicity. Continued assessment and research in diagnostic
technology is contributing to the improvement and refinement of our ability to surveil, detect,
and diagnose PRRSV, PEDV, PCV2, IAV, ASFV, SVA, and other emerging viral infections.
On-going work on new methods of surveillance promise to provide new, highly cost-effective
methods of tracking infection and implementing area elimination/eradication programs.
Accomplishments in these areas linked with research in viral ecology/epidemiology and
improvements in vaccinology will lead to the development of approaches that will make possible
the control of PRRSV and other viral infections on farms and in regions.
D. PUBLICATIONS ISSUED OR “IN PRESS”
1) Refereed publications
Abente EJ, Gauger PC, Walia RR, Rajao DS, Zhang J, Harmon KM, Killian ML, Vincent AL.
2017. Detection and characterization of an H4N6 avian-lineage virus in pigs in the
Midwestern United States. Virology 511:56-65.
Abente EJ, Kitikoon P, Lager KM, Gauger PC, Anderson TK, Vincent A. 2016. A highly
pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 with 2009 pandemic H1N1 internal genes
demonstrates increased replication and transmission in pigs. J Gen Virol 98:18-30.
Baker KL, Mowrer C, Canon A, Linhares DCL, Rademacher C, Karriker LA, Holtkamp DJ.
2016. Systematic epidemiological investigations of cases of Senecavirus A in U.S. swine
breeding herds. Transbound Emerg Dis 64:11–18.
Baker KL, Thomas PR, Karriker LA, Ramirez A, Zhang J, Wang C, and Holtkamp DJ. 2017.
Evaluation of an accelerated hydrogen peroxide disinfectant to inactivate porcine epidemic
diarrhea virus in swine feces on aluminum surfaces under freezing conditions. BMC Vet
Res 81:100-107.
Canning P, Ruston C, Madson D, Bates J, Skoland K, Davenport J, Gaul S, Wang C, Chen Q,
Zhang J, Karriker L. 2017. Effect of direct-fed microbial Bacillus subtilis C-3102 on
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enteric health in nursery pigs after challenge with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. J
Swine Health Prod 25:129-137.
Cao D, Cao QM, Subramaniam S, Yugo DM, Heffron CL, Rogers AJ, Kenney SP, Tian D,
Matzinger SR, Overend C, Catanzaro N, LeRoith T, Wang H, Piñeyro P, Lindstrom N,
Clark-Deener S, Yuan L, Meng, X-J. 2017. Pig model mimicking chronic hepatitis E
virus infection in immunocompromised patients to assess immune correlates during
chronicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 114:6914-6923.
Cochrane RA, Schumacher LL, Dritz SS, Woodworth JC, Huss AR, Stark CR, DeRouchey
JM, Tokach MD, Goodband RD, Bai J, Chen Q, Zhang J, Gauger PC, Derscheid RJ,
Magstadt DM, Main RG, Jones CK. 2017. Effect of pelleting on survival of porcine
epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)-contaminated feed. J Anim Sci 95:1170-1178.
Curry S, Schwartz KJ, Yoon KJ, Gabler NK, Burrough ER. 2017. Effect of porcine epidemic
diarrhea virus infection on nursery pig intestinal function and barrier integrity. Vet
Microbiol 211:58-66.
Curry SM, Burrough ER, Schwartz KJ, Yoon K-J, Lonergan SM, Gabler NK. 2017. Porcine
epidemic diarrhea virus reduces feed efficiency in nursery pigs. J Anim Sci (in press).
Curry SM, Gibson KA, Burrough ER, Schwartz KJ, Yoon KJ, Gabler NK. 2017. Nursery
pig growth performance and tissue accretion modulation due to porcine epidemic diarrhea
virus or porcine deltacoronavirus challenge. J Anim Sci 95:173-181.
Evans AB, Dong P, Loyd H, Kraus G, Zhang J, Carpenter S. 2017. Identification and
characterization of small molecule inhibitors of porcine reproductive and respiratory
syndrome virus. Antiviral Res 146:28-35.
Ferreyra FM, Arruda B, Stevenson G, Schwartz K, Madson D, Yoon KJ, Zhang J, Pineyro P,
Chen Q, Arruda P. 2017. Development of polioencephalomyelitis in cesarean-derived
colostrum-deprived pigs following experimental inoculation with either Teschovirus A
serotype 2 or serotype 11. Viruses 9:179.
Gillam F, Zhang J, and Zhang C. 2017. Hepatitis B core antigen based novel vaccine against
porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. J VirolMethods (in press).
Giménez-Lirola LG, Zhang J, Carrillo JA, ChenQ, Magtoto R, PoonsukK, Baum DH, Piñeyro
P, Zimmerman J. 2017. Reactivity of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus structural proteins
to antibodies against porcine enteric coronaviruses: diagnostic implications. J Clin
Microbiol 55:1426-1436.
Gonzalez W, Giménez-Lirola LG, Holmes A, Lizano S, Goodell C, Poonsuk K,
Sitthicharoenchai P, Sun Y, Zimmerman J. 2017. Detection of Actinobacillus
pleuropneumoniae ApxIV toxin antibody in serum and oral fluid specimens from pigs
inoculated under experimental conditions. J Vet Res 61:163-171.
Holtkamp DJ, Myers J, Thomas P, Karriker L, Ramirez A, Zhang J, Wang C. 2017. Efficacy
of an accelerated hydrogen peroxide disinfectant to inactivate porcine epidemic diarrhea
virus in swine feces on metal surfaces. Can J Vet Res 81:100-107.
Kraft JB, Woodard K, Giménez-Lirola L, Setness B, Ju J, Lasley P, Nelson E, Zhang J, Baum
D, Gauger P, Main R, Zimmerman J. 2017. Serum and mammary secretion antibody
responses in PEDV-immune gilts following PEDV vaccination. J Swine Health Prod (in
press).
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Lee K, Polson D, Lowe E, Main R, Holtkamp D, Martínez López B. 2017. Unraveling the
contact patterns and network structure of pig shipments in the United States and its
association with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) outbreaks.
Prev Vet Med 138:113–123.
Linhares DCL, Betlach C, Morrison RB. 2017. Effect of immunologic solutions on sows and
gilts on time to stability, and production losses in breeding herds infected with 1-7-4
PRRSV. Prev Vet Med doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.05.024
Lopez WA, Angulo J, Zimmerman JJ, Linhares DCL. 2017. PRRS monitoring in breeding
herds using processing fluids. J Swine Health Prod (in press).
Martin BE, Sun H, Carrel M, Cummingham FL, Baroch JA, Hanson-Dorr KC, Young SG,
Schmit B, Nolting J, Yoon K-J, Lutman MW, Pedersen K, Lager K, Bowman A, Slemons
R, Smith DR, DeLiberto T, Wan X-F. 2017. US feral swine were exposed to both avian
and swine influenza A viruses. Appl Environ Microboil (in press).
Matias-Ferreyra F, Arruda B, Stevenson G, Schwartz K, Madson D, Yoon K-J, Zhang J,
Piñeyro P, Chen Q, Arruda P. 2017. Development of polioencephalomyelitis in cesareanderived
colostrum-deprived pigs following experimental inoculation with either
Teschovirus A serotype 2 or serotype 11. Viruses 9:e179.
Opriessnig T, Gerber PF, Shen H, Castro A, Zhang J, Chen Q, Halbur PG. 2017. Evaluation
of the efficacy of a commercial inactivated genogroup 2b based porcine epidemic diarrhea
virus vaccine and experimental live genogroup 1b exposure against 2b challenge. Vet Res
48:69.
Palinski R, Piñeyro P, Shang P, Yuan F, Guo R, Fang Y, Byers E, Hause BM. 2017. A novel
porcine circovirus distantly related to known circoviruses is associated with porcine
dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome and reproductive failure. J Virol 91(1):e01879-16.
Park JY, Welch M, Harmon KM, Zhang J, Piñeyro PE, Li G, Gauger PC. 2017. Complete
genome sequence of porcine respirovirus 1 strain USA/MN25890NS/2016, isolated in the
United States. Genome Announc 5(42):e01139-17.
Piñeyro PE, Lozada MI, Alarcón LV, Sanguinetti R, Cappuccio JA, Pérez EM, Vannucci F,
Armocida AD, Madson DM, Perfumo CJ, Quiroga MA. 2017. First retrospective studies
with etiological confirmation of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection in
Argentina. BMC Vet Res (in press).
Piñeyro PE, Subramaniam S, Kenney SP, Heffron CL, Giménez-Lirola LG, Meng XJ. 2016.
Modulation of proinflammatory cytokines in monocyte-derived dendritic cells by porcine
reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus through interaction with the porcine
intercellular-adhesion-molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin. Viral Immunol 29:546-556
PoonsukK, Zhang J, ChenQ, GonzalezW, Correa da Silva Carrion L, Sun Y, Ji J, Wang C,
Main R, Zimmerman J, Giménez-Lirola L. 2016. Quantifying the effect of lactogenic
antibody on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in neonatal piglets. Vet Microbiol
197:83-92.
Poonsuk K, Zimmerman J. 2017. Historical and contemporary aspects of maternal immunity
in swine. Anim Health Res Rev doi.org/10.1017/S1466252317000123
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Rajao DS, Loving CL, Waide EH, Gauger PC, Dekkers JC, Tuggle CK, Vincent AL. 2017.
Pigs with severe combined immunodeficiency are impaired in controlling Influenza A
virus infection. J Innate Immun 9:193-202.
Rajão DS, Walia R, Campbell B, Gauger PC, Janas-Martindale A, Killian ML, Vincent AL.
2017. Reassortment between swine H3N2 and 2009 pandemic H1N1 in the United States
resulted in influenza A viruses with diverse genetic constellations with variable virulence
in pigs. J Virol 91:e01763-16.
Rotolo ML, Giménez-Lirola L, Ji J, Magtoto R, Henao-Diaz YA, Wang C, Baum DH,
Harmon KM, Main RG, Zimmerman JJ. 2017. Detection of porcine reproductive and
respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-specific IgM-IgA in oral fluid samples reveals
PRRSV infection in the presence of maternal antibody. Vet Microbiol
doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.11.011.
Rotolo ML, Sun Y, Wang C, Giménez-Lirola L, Baum DH, Gauger PC, Harmon KM,
Hoogland M, Main R, Zimmerman JJ. 2017. Sampling guidelines for oral fluid-based
surveys of group-housed animals. Vet Microbiol 209:20-29.
Schumacher LL, Huss AR, Cochrane RA, Stark CR, Woodworth JC, Bai J, Poulsen E, Chen
Q, Main RG, Zhang J, Gauger PC, Ramirez A, Derscheid RJ, Magstadt DR, Dritz SS,
Jones CK. 2017. Characterizing the rapid spread of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
(PEDV) through an animal food manufacturing facility. PLOS One. 12:e0187309
Senthilkumaran C, Yang M, Bittner H, AmbagalaA, Lung O, Zimmerman J, Giménez-Lirola
LG, Nfon C. 2017. Detection of genome, antigen and antibodies in oral fluids from pigs
infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus. Can J Vet Res 81:82-90.
Silva GS, Schwartz M, Morrison RB, Linhares DCL. 2017. Monitoring breeding herd
production data to detect PRRSV outbreaks. Prev Vet Med 148:89-93.
Sparks JW, Karriker LA, Day DN, Wulf LW, Zhang J, Stock ML, Bates JL, Gehring R, and
Coetzee JF. 2017. Vaccination mitigates the impact of PRRSV infection on the
pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid in pigs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 40:363-
369.
Subramaniam S, Piñeyro P, Derscheid RJ, Madson DM, Magstadt DR, Meng XJ. 2017.
Dendritic cell-targeted porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)
antigens adjuvanted with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (I: C)) induced nonprotective
immune responses against heterologous type 2 PRRSV challenge in pigs. Vet
Immunol Immunopathol 190:18-25.
Sun Y, Wang C, Meeker WQ, Morris M, Rotolo M, Zimmerman J. 2017. A latent spatial
piecewise exponential model for interval-censored disease surveillance data with timevarying
covariates and misclassification. Statistics and Its Interface (in press).
Temeeyasen G, Madapong A, Saeng-Chuto K, Stott CJ, Piñeyro P, Nilubol D. 2017.
Mucosal immune response in pigs following the primary and secondary exposure to
porcine epidemic diarrhea virus genogroups 1 and 2. BMC Vet Res (in press).
Temeeyasen G, Sinha A, Giménez-Lirola LG, Zhang JQ, Piñeyro PE. 2017. Differential
gene modulation of pattern-recognition receptor TLR and RIG-I-like and downstream
mediators on intestinal mucosa of pigs infected with PEDV non S-INDEL and PEDV SINDEL
strains. J Virol (in press).
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van Geelen AGM, Anderson TK, Lager KM, Das PB, Otis NJ, Montiel NA, Miller LC,
Kulshreshtha V, Buckley AC, Brockmeier SL, Zhang J, Gauger PC, Harmon KM, Faaberg
KS. 2017. Porcine reproductive and respiratory disease virus: evolution and
recombination yields distinct ORF5 RFLP 1-7-4 viruses with individual pathogenicity.
Virology 513:168-179.
Zhang J, Zheng Y, Xia X, Chen Q, Abate SA, Yoon K-J, Harmon KM, Gauger PC, Main RG,
Li G. 2017. High-throughput whole genome sequencing of porcine reproductive and
respiratory syndrome virus from cell culture materials and clinical samples using nextgeneration
sequencing technology. J Vet Diagn Invest 29:41-50.
2) Abstracts or Proceedings
Almeida MN, Zimmerman J, Linhares D. November 2017. PRRSV monitoring at the
abattoir using oral fluids. Proc 2017 James D. McKean Swine Disease Conference. Ames,
Iowa. pp. 72-73.
Almeida MN, Zimmerman JJ, Holtkamp D, Rademacher C, Linhares DCL. November 2017.
Maximizing herd sensitivity to detect PRRSV in due-to-wean pigs using family oral fluids
sampling. Proc 2017 James D. McKean Swine Disease Conference. Ames, Iowa. p 66-
68.
Anderson TK, Gauger PC, Souza CK, Walia RR, Venkatesh D, Zeller MA, Rajao DS, Lewis
NS, Abente EJ, Zhang J, Vincent AL. 2017. Spatial dissemination and evolution of
human-origin H3 influenza A virus in US swine. 10th Annual NIAID Centers of
Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance Network Meeting.
Anderson TK, Gauger PC, Souza CK, Walia RR, Venkatesh D, Zeller MA, Rajao DS, Lewis
NS, Abente EJ, Zhang J, Vincent AL. June 2017. Spatial dissemination and evolution of
human-origin H3 influenza A virus in US swine. 36th Annual Meeting of American
Society for Virology. Madison, Wisconsin.
Baker K, Mowrer C, Zhang J, Ramirez A, Karriker L, Holtkamp D.J. March 2017.
Evaluation of a peroxygen-based disinfectant to inactivate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
in swine feces on metal surfaces under freezing conditions. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am
Assoc Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. p. 53.
Baker S, Linhares DCL. November 2017. Assessment of production impact following
attenuated PRRS virus vaccination in endemically infected breeding herds. Proc 2017
James D. McKean Swine Disease Conference. Ames, Iowa. p. 70-71.
Baum DH, Giménez-Lirola LG, Zimmerman JJ, Main RG. November 2017. Serology
overview. Proc 2017 James D. McKean Swine Disease Conference. Ames, Iowa. pp.
115-117.
Bhandari M, Hoang H, Sun D, Shi K, Labios L, Madson D, Magstadt D, Arruda P, Yoo D,
Yoon K-J. December 2016. Humoral immune ontogeny in weaned pigs following
experimental porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection/reinfection. Proc 97th
Ann Meet Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, Illinois.
Buckley A, Guo B, Kulshreshtha V, van Geelen A, Yoon K-J, Lager K. December 2017.
Comparison of historic and contemporary strains of Senecavirus A. Proc 98th Ann Meet
Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, Illinois.
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Buckley A, Guo B, Montiel N, Kulshreshtha V, van Geelen A, Yoon KJ, Lager K. December
2016. Senecavirus A infection in sows, neonates, and market weight gilts with subsequent
protective immunity. Proc 97th Ann Meet Conference of Research Workers in Animal
Diseases. Chicago, Illinois.
Buckley A, Kulshreshtha V, van Geelen A, Guo B, Yoon K-J, Lager K. September 2017
Infectious dose of Senecavirus A in market-weight swine and neonatal piglets. Proc Allen
D. Leman Swine Conference. St. Paul, Minnesota.
Canning P, Ruston C, Madson D, Bates J, Skoland K, Davenport J, Wang C, Chen Q, Zhang
J, Karriker L. March 2017. Effect of direct fed microbial, Calsporin® (Bacillus subtilis C-
3102), on enteric health in nursery pigs after challenge with porcine epidemic diarrhea
virus (PEDV). Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado.
p. 167.
Carlson J, Vincent AL, Zhang J, Gauger PC. December 2016. Serological prevalence of
three H1 phylogenetic clades and two H3 antigenic clusters of influenza A virus in
breeding age swine in the United States. Proc 97th Ann Meet Conference of Research
Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, Illinois. Abstr #140.
Chen Q, Chenghuai Yang C, Zheng Y, Gauger P, Anderson T, Harmon K, Zhang J, Yoon KJ,
Main R, Li G. October 2017. Identification and genetic characterization of a novel
avian deltacoronavirus using next-generation sequencing technology. Proc 60th Ann Conf
Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California. p. 121.
Chen Q, Gauger P, Thomas J, Welch M, Gerber P, Opriessnig T, Arruda P, Magstadt D,
Giménez-Lirola L, Zhang J. March 2017. Evaluation of pathogenesis and antibody
responses of porcine deltacoronavirus in 3-week-old weaned pigs. Proc 48th Ann Meet
Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. pp. 281-282.
Chen Q, Zheng Y, Guo B, Zhang J, Yoon KJ, Gauger P, Bade S, Stensland W, Harmon K,
Main R, Li G. March 2017. Identification of multiple viruses in swine fecal samples using
next-generation sequencing technology coupled with Kraken algorithm-based
bioinformatics analysis pipeline. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians.
Denver, Colorado. pp. 279-280.
Fitzgerald C, Baker K, Anderson A, Stika R, Linhares D, Holtkamp D. March 2017.
Comparison of standard and bench entry protocols for prevention of environmental
contamination due to personnel entry in a commercial swine facility. Proc 48th Ann Meet
Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. p. 59.
Gauger PC, Zeller MA, Harmon KM, Zhang J. November 2017. Iowa State University
Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Influenza A virus update in swine. Proc 2017 ISU
James D McKean Swine Disease Conference, Iowa State University. Ames, Iowa, pp. 55-
64.
Gebhardt JT, Dritz SS, Woodworth JC, Jones CK, Gauger PC, Tokach MD, Stark CR,
Muckey M, Zhang J, Main RG. March 2017. Evaluation of the effects of flushing feed
manufacturing equipment with chemically treated rice hulls on porcine epidemic diarrhea
virus (PEDV) cross-contamination during feed manufacturing. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am
Assoc Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. p. 241.
Gibson KA, Curry SM, Burrough ER, Schwartz KJ, Guo B, Schweer WP, Bhandari M,
Hoang H, Azeem S, Gabler NK, Yoon K-J. December 2016. Comparison of porcine
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epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) for pathogenicity
in nursery pigs. Proc 97th Ann Meet Conference of Research Workers in Animal
Diseases. Chicago, Illinois.
Giménez-Lirola L, Zhan J, Carrillo Avila JA, Chen Qi, Magtoto R, Poonsuk K, Baum D,
Pineyro PE, Zimmerman J. October 2017. Serologic cross-reactivity between PEDV and
other porcine enteric coronavirus. Proc 60th Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San
Diego, California. p. 223.
Giménez-Lirola LG, Zhang J, Carrillo-Avila JA, Chen Q, Magtoto R, Poonsuk K, Baum D,
Piñeyro P, Zimmerman J. June 2017. Gene expression of downstream mediators of TLR
and RIG-1-like receptors in pigs infected with PEDV. XIVth International Nidovirus
Symposium. Kansas City, MO.
Hoang H, Madson D, Derscheid R, Miller C, Groeltz J, Sun D, Yoon K-J. December 2016.
Development of murine monoclonal antibodies (mABs) for porcine rotavirus (PoRV)
group A, B, and C and their use in a comparative pathogenicity study. Proc 97th Ann
Meet Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, Illinois.
Holtkamp D, Linhares D. March 2017. Understanding how pathogens infect pig farms. Proc
Preconference Seminar, Biosecurity. 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians.
Denver, Colorado. pp. 3-4.
Houston E, Luis Gabriel Gimenez-Lirola, Avanti Sinha, Pablo E. Pineyro. October 2017.
Determination of the immunodominant regions of Senecavirus A-VP1 by ELISA epitope
mapping. Proc 60th Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California.
Houston E, Luis Gabriel Gimenez-Lirola, Ronaldo Magtoto, Pablo E. Pineyro. October 2017.
Evaluation of Senecavirus A transmission in mice under experimental conditions. Proc
60th Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California.
Joshi LR, Mohr KA, Gava D, Kutish G, Pineyro P, Zhang J, Caron L, Schaefer R, Diel DG.
December 2016. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Senecavirus A.
Proc 97th Ann Meet Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago,
Illinois.
Joshi LR, Mohr KA, Gava D, Kutish G, Piñeyro P, Zhang J, Caron L, Schaefer R, Diel DG.
December 2016. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Senecavirus A.
Proc North American PRRS Symposium. Chicago, Illinois.
Kraft JB, Woodard K, Giménez-Lirola L, Setness B, Ji J, Lasley P, Nelson E, Zhang J, Baum
D, Gauger P, Zimmerman J, Main R. March 2017. Serum and mammary secretion
antibody responses in PEDV-exposed gilts following PEDV vaccination. Proc 48th Ann
Meet Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. p. 50.
Kraft JB, Woodard K, Giménez-Lirola L, Setness B, Ji J, Lasley P, Nelson E, Zhang J, Baum
D, Gauger P, Zimmerman J, Main R. December 2016. Serum and mammary secretion
antibody responses in PEDV-exposed gilts following PEDV vaccination. Proc 97th Ann
Meet Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, Illinois. Abstr #150.
Kraft JB, Woodard K, Giménez-Lirola L, Setness B, Ji J, Lasley P, Nelson E, Zhang J, Baum
D, Gauger P, Zimmerman J, Main R. December 2016. Serum and mammary secretion
antibody responses in PEDV-exposed gilts following PEDV vaccination. Proc North
American PRRS Symposium. Chicago, Illinois. Abstr #67.
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Li G, Chen Q, Yang C, Zheng Y, Guo B, Gauger P, Harmon K, Zhang J, Yoon K-J,
Stevenson G, Schwartz K, Burrough E, Madson D, Arruda P, Arruda B, Magstadt D,
Pineyro P, Derscheid R, Main R. October 2017. Application of next-generation
sequencing (NGS) technology in food animal diagnostic medicine. Proc 60th Ann Conf
Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California. p137.
Lopez WA, Linhares DCL. November 2017. Processing fluids, blood serum, and tail blood
swabs to detect PRRSV RNA and PCV2 DNA by PCR-based assays. Proc 2017 James D.
McKean Swine Disease Conference. Ames, Iowa. p 69.
Lopez WA, Zimmerman JJ, Angulo J, Linhares DCL. November 2017. Processing fluids for
detection of PRRSV activity in neonates. Proc 2017 James D. McKean Swine Disease
Conference. Ames, Iowa. pp. 65.
Magtoto R, Baum D, Zhang J, Chen Q, Ju J, Poonsuk K, Pineyro P, Zimmerman J, Giménez-
Lirola LG. October 2017. Performance of antibody ELISAs for TGEV/PRCV differential
diagnosis. Proc 60th Ann Conference American Association of Veterinary Laboratory
Diagnosticians. San Diego, California, p. 94.
Mardesen M, Angulo J, Johnson C, Linhares D, Holtkamp D, Ramirez A. March 2017.
Assessment of knowledge, compliance, and attitudes of English and Spanish speaking farm
employees towards biosecurity practices. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc Swine
Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. pp. 57-58.
Matias-Ferreyra F, Arruda B, Madson D, Schwartz K, Stevenson G, Zhang JQ, Chen Q, Yoon
K, Arruda P. December 2016. Development of posterior ataxia, paralysis and myelitis in
cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived pigs following experimental inoculation with either
Teschovirus A serotype 2 or serotype 11. Proc 97th Ann Meet Conference of Research
Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, Illinois.
Matias-Ferreyra F, Arruda B, Madson D, Schwartz K, Stevenson G, Zhang J, Chen Q, Yoon
K, Arruda P. March 2017. Identification of neuropathogenic teschovirus A serotype 2 and
serotype 11 and experimental reproduction of disease. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc
Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. pp. 289-290.
Matias-Ferreyra FS, Arruda P, Stevenson G, Arruda B, Schwartz KJ, Yoon KJ, Madson D,
Zhang J, Chen Q. 2016. Experimental teschovirus encephalomyelitis induced either by
Teschovirus A serotype 2 or serotype 11. Proc 97th Ann Meet Conference of Research
Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, Illinois.
Mora J, Sarmento L, Main R, Baum D, Zimmerman J, Giménez-Lirola L. October 2017.
Adaptation of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) indirect immunofluorescent
antibody (IFA) assay to a high-throughput format using imaging cytometry. Proc 60th
Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California. p. 8.
Opriessnig T, Halbur PG, Gauger P, Zhang J, Chen Q, Tian D, Ni YY, Meng XJ, Tan M.
December 2016. Update on novel experimental pig vaccine approaches. Proc North
American PRRS Symposium. Chicago, Illinois.
Opriessnig T, Shen H, Castro A, Chen Q, Zhang J, Halbur P. 2017. Efficacy of a commercial
G2b-based and two experimental G1b-based porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)
vaccines against G2b challenge. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians.
Denver, Colorado. pp. 48-49.
10
Palinski R, Pineyro P, Shang P, Yuan Y, Guo R, Fang Y, Byers E, Hause BM. December
2016. A novel porcine circovirus distantly related to known circoviruses is associated with
porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome and reproductive failure. Proc North
American PRRS Symposium. Chicago, Illinois.
Pomfret A, Borts D, Zimmerman J, Henao-Diaz Y, Giménez-Lirola L, Ting-Yu C. October
2017. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of porcine serum and oral fluid following
intramuscular administration of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
(PPRSV) modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine. Proc 60th Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab
Diagn. San Diego, California. p. 5.
Poonsuk K, Giménez-Lirola LG, Magtoto R, Baum D, Rademacher C, Brown J, Ju J, Zhang
J, Wang C, Main R, Zimmerman J. October 2017. Chemical ‘clean up’ of oral fluids does
not adversely affect the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) isotypespecific
(IgG, IgA) ELISA responses. Proc 60th Ann Conference American Association of
Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians. San Diego, California, p. 95.
Rauh R, Pineyro PE, Nelson W, Zimmerman J, Giménez-Lirola L. October 2017.
Development of a dry room temperatura-stable real-time RT-PCR assay for the specific
detection of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV). Proc 60th Ann
Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California. p. 7.
Rawal G, Arruda PH, Rademacher C, Linhares DCL. September 2017. General trends of
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae detection by PCR in cases submitted to the Iowa State
University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory from 2004-2016. Proc Allen D. Leman
Swine Conference. St. Paul, Minnesota.
Rotolo M, Haddad M, Sun Y, Giménez-Lirola L, Bade S, Baum D, Gauger P, Hoogland M,
Main R, Zimmerman J. December 2016. Spatial autocorrelation and implications for oral
fluid-based PRRSV surveillance. Proc 97th Ann Meet Conference of Research Workers in
Animal Diseases. Chicago, Illinois. Abstr #173.
Rotolo M, Haddad M, Sun Y, Giménez-Lirola L, Bade S, Baum D, Gauger P, Hoogland M,
Main R, Zimmerman J. December 2016. Spatial autocorrelation and implications for oral
fluid-based PRRSV surveillance. Proc North American PRRS Symposium. Chicago,
Illinois. Abstr #23.
Rotolo M, Haddad M, Sun Y, Giménez-Lirola L, Bade S, Wang C, Baum D, Gauger P,
Hoogland M, Main R, Zimmerman J. February 2017. Spatial autocorrelation and
implications for oral fluid-based PRRSV surveillance. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc
Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. p. 32.
Rotolo M, Ji J, Giménez-Lirola L, Magtoto R, Wang C, Baum D, Hoogland M, Main R,
Zimmerman J. December 2016. Proof of concept: PRRSV IgM/IgA ELISA detects
infection in the face of circulating maternal IgG antibody. Proc 97th Ann Meet
Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, Illinois. Abstr #P29.
Rotolo M, Ji J, Giménez-Lirola L, Magtoto R, Wang C, Baum D, Hoogland M, Main R,
Zimmerman J. December 2016. Proof of concept: PRRSV IgM/IgA ELISA detects
infection in the face of circulating maternal IgG antibody. Proc North American PRRS
Symposium. Chicago, Illinois. Abstr #22.
Rotolo M, Ji J, Giménez-Lirola L, Matoto R, Wang C, Baum D, Hoogland M, Main R,
Zimmerman J. February 2017. Proof of concept: PRRSV IgM/IgA ELISA detects
11
infection in the face of circulating maternal IgG antibody. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc
Swine Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. p. 31.
Rotolo M, Sun Y, Wang C, Main R, Zimmerman J. December 2016. Developments in
infectious disease surveillance. Proc North American PRRS Symposium. Chicago,
Illinois. Abstr #S7.
Rotolo M, Wang C, Haddad M, Sun Y, Hoogland M, Main R, Zimmerman J. November
2017. Is "30" the right answer to your testing question? Probably not! And here is why
… Proc 2017 James D. McKean Swine Disease Conference. Ames, Iowa. pp. 118-119.
Sarmento L, Mora J, Main R, Baum D, Zimmerman J, Giménez-Lirola L. October 2017.
Adaptation of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) fluorescent focus neutralization
(FFN) assay to a high-throughput format using imaging cytometry. Proc 60th Ann Conf
Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California. p. 8.
Schweer WP, Patience JF, Burrough ER, Gabler NK. March 2017. Impact of PRRSV on
digestibility and endogenous losses in pigs fed high or low soybean meal diets. American
Society of Animal Science Midwest Section Meeting. Omaha, Nebraska.
Shen H, Giménez-Lirola LG, Piñeyro PE. April 2017. Upregulation of proinflammatory
cytokines following infection with Senecavirus A in NCI-H1299 cells. 9th Biennial All-
Iowa Virology Symposium. Ames, Iowa.
Silva G.S, Linhares D.C.L, Holtkamp D.J. March 2017. Assessing anti-PRRSV biosecurity.
In: Proc. Preconference Seminar, Biosecurity. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc Swine
Veterinarians. Denver, Colorado. pp. 27-30.
Sinha A, Giménez-Lirola LG, Zhang JQ, Pineyro PE. June 2017. Assessing the reactivity of
anti-PEDV structural protein antibodies to porcine enteric coronaviruses. XIVth
International Nidovirus Symposium. Kansas City, MO.
Sinha A, Pineyro PE, Gauger P, Groeltz-Thrush JM, Zhang J, Harmon K. October 2017.
Real-time RT-PCR based retrospective assessment of Mammalian Orthoreovirus type-3 in
cases of epidemic diarrhea in US swine. Proc 60th Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn.
San Diego, California.
Sinha A, Temeeyasen G, Giménez-Lirola LG, Zhang J, Pineyro PE. October 2017.
Differential gene modulation of pattern-recognition receptor TLR and RIG-I-like and
downstream mediators on intestinal mucosa of pigs infected with PEDV non S-INDEL and
S-INDEL strains. Proc 60th Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California.
p. 218.
Welch M, Park J, Harmon J, Zhang J, Pineyro P, Giménez-Lirola Luis, Gauger P. November
2017. Pathogenesis and transmission of a porcine parainfluenza virus-1 isolate
(MN25890NS/2016) in growing pigs. Proc 2017 James D. McKean Swine Disease
Conference. Ames, Iowa. pp. 120-124.
Yuan J, Kim H-J, Ensley S, Guo B, Imerman P, Filstrup C, Yoon K-J. December 2016. A
PCR Method for rapid and specific detection of toxigenic Microcystis spp. in freshwater
samples based on 16S rRNA and microcystin synthetase C (mcyC) gene. Proc 97th Ann
Meet Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Chicago, Illinois.
12
Zeller M, Vincent A, Anderson T, Abente E, Zhang J, Harmon K, Gauger P. October 2017.
Human to swine transmission of novel H3 influenza A viruses from 2010 to 2017. Proc
60th Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California. p. 132.
Zhang J, Chen Q, Thomas J, Gauger P. (2017). Pathogenesis and cross-protection of U.S.
PEDVs. 9th Biennial All-Iowa Virology Symposium. Ames, Iowa. #10.
Zhang J, Nfon C, Lee CH, Tsai CF, Fredericks L, Chen Q, Sinha A, Bade S, Harmon K,
Pineyro P, Gauger P, Tsai YL, Wang HT, Chang HF, Lee PY. October 2017. A specific,
sensitive, and rapid reverse transcription-insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction on
a field-deployable PCR system for Senecavirus A detection in swine samples. Proc 60th
Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California. p. 134.
Zhang J, Yim-Im W, Chen Q, Zheng Y, Huang H, Gauger P, Harmon K, Li G. October 2017.
Identification of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus variant with a large spike gene deletion
from clinical swine samples in the US. Proc 60th Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn.
San Diego, California. p. 135.
Zhang J, Zheng Y, Chen Q, Bade S, Yoon KJ, Harmon K, Gauger P, Main R, Li G. March
2017. Application of next-generation sequencing technology to whole genome sequencing
of PRRSV under diagnostic testing. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians.
Denver, Colorado. pp. 35-38.
Zhang J, Zimmerman JJ. May 2017. Overview of emerging, re-emerging and/or zoonotic
swine viruses. Proc 8th Asian Pig Veterinary Society Congress. Wuhan, China, pp. 45-56.
Zhu Y, Huang H, Johnson E, Meyerhofer A, Bade S, Harmon K, Gauger P, Zhang J. October
2017. Comparison of isolation of swine influenza A virus in human colorectal
adenocarcinoma (CACO-2) cell line and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line.
Proc 60th Ann Conf Am Assoc Vet Lab Diagn. San Diego, California. p. 216.
Zimmerman J. February 2017. Swine medicine in the 21st century: Immovable object meets
unstoppable force. Proc 48th Ann Meet Am Assoc Swine Veterinarians. Denver,
Colorado. pp. 12-19.
Zimmerman J. July 2017. Desafios en el control de las enfermedades. Memorias LI
Congreso Nacional de la Asociación Mexicana de Veterinarios Especialistas en Cerdos
(AMVEC). Querétaro, México. pp. 178-183.
3) Book chapters or monographs
Balasuriya UBR and Zhang J. 2017. Development and characterization of an infectious
cDNA clone of equine arteritis virus. In: Perez DR (ed). Reverse Genetics of RNA
Viruses: Methods and Protocols. Methods Mol Biol 1602:11-28.
E. FUNDING SOURCES FOR RESEARCH
Arruda B, Zhang J, Narasimhan B, Schwartz K, Jones D, Mallapragada S, and Arruda P.
Efficacy of a novel intramammary vaccine delivery system for PEDV to decrease preweaning
mortality and enhance mechanisms of immunity. Iowa Pork Producers
Association. $64,588. 2016-2017.
13
Bai J, Fang Y, Zhang J, Yoon KJ, Jaing C, and Liu X. Detection and differentiation of field
strains and commonly used vaccine strains of Type 2 PRRS virus in the US. National Pork
Board. $79,080. 2016-2017.
Gauger P, Giminez-Lirola L, Park J, Zhang J, Harmon K, Pineyro P, and Welch M.
Development of serological assays to detect porcine parainfluenza type 1 (PPIV-1)
antibodies in swine. Swine Health Information Center. $34,289. 2017-2018.
Gauger P, Harmon K and Zhang J. Validation of a real-time reverse transcription PCR assay
for detection of porcine kobuvirus (PKV) in porcine diagnostic samples. Swine Health
Information Center. $24,954. 2017-2018.
Gauger P, Pineyro P, Harmon K, and Zhang J. Validation of a porcine parainfluenza type-1
challenge model using a cell culture isolate and infectious clone in weaned pigs. Iowa
Livestock Health Advisory Council. $23,800. 2017-2018.
Gauger P. Development of serological assays for porcine parainfluenza virus type 1 in swine.
SHIC 2017-18, $30,000
Gauger P. Pathogenesis of porcine parainfluenza virus type 1 in swine. ILHAC 2016-17,
$23,000.
Harmon K, Gauger P, Zhang J, Zimmerman J, Arruda P, and Matias-Ferreyra F. Validation of
a real-time PCR assay for detection of porcine sapelovirus. Swine Health Information
Center. $21,426. 2016-2017.
Harmon K, Gauger P, Zhang J, Zimmerman J, Arruda P, and Matias-Ferreyra F. Validation of
a real-time PCR assay for detection of porcine teschovirus. Swine Health Information
Center. $21,426. 2016-2017.
Holtkamp D and Zhang J. Effect of disinfectants and treatment conditions on the molecular
detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Ogena Solutions Canada
Corp. $26,475. 2017-2018.
Holtkamp D.J., Gerardy K., Zhang, J, Ramirez, A., Karriker, L., Mowrer C., Chen Q.
Evaluation of a peroxygen disinfectant to inactivate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in
swine feces on metal surfaces under freezing conditions. Chemours Company FC, LLC.
$48,009. July 1, 2016, 6 months.
Holtkamp D.J., Linhares D.C. Comparison of a standard entry and a bench entry protocol for
prevention of environmental contamination from personnel entry in a commercial swine
facility. American Association of Swine Veterinarians Foundation. $12,500. June 1, 2016,
6 months.
Holtkamp D.J., Linhares D.C. Monitoring and updating the value of productivity losses due to
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. National Pork Board. $84,237.
November 1, 2015. 3 years.
Holtkamp D.J., Linhares D.C., Karriker L. Development of PRRS outbreak investigation and
data management/analysis program for breeding herds in regional PRRSV projects in
Iowa. Iowa Pork Producers Association. $37,628. May 1, 2016. 1 year, continuation.
Holtkamp D.J., Linhares D.C., Karriker L., Ramirez A. Development and support of an
industry rapid response program for epidemiological investigations of emerging,
transboundary and endemic swine diseases with known etiology. Swine Health
Information Center. $191,353. September 1, 2016. 1 year.
14
Holtkamp, D.J., Zhang J. Effect of disinfectants and treatment conditions on the molecular
detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine
epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Virox. $26,475. June 1, 2017. 6 Months.
Linhares D.C., Holtkamp D.J., Arruda A., Morrison B., Silva G., Vilalta C. Description of
biosecurity aspects of herds with low or high PRRS incidence and comparison within and
between production systems. Swine Health Information Center. $40,619. October 1, 2016.
1 year.
Linhares D.C., Johnson C., Holtkamp D.J. Effect of attenuated PRRSv on short term and long
term whole herd productivity. American Association of Swine Veterinarians Foundation.
$11,824. June 1, 2017, 1 year.
Linhares D.C., Zimmerman J.J., Rademacher C., Holtkamp D.J. Herd sensitivity of PRRSvmonitoring
schemes on sow herds undergoing virus elimination. Boehringer Ingelheim
Vetmedica, Inc. $35,000. June 1, 2016, 1 year.
Miller C, Yoon KJ. 7/1/15-6/30/17. Development of novel reovirus-based mucosal vaccine
vectors for PEDV antigen production. Iowa Pork Producers Association, $25,000 for 1st
year.
Xu W, Yoon K-J. 7/1/15-12/31/17. Development of T-cell based vaccine against African
swine fever virus. Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases,
$79,977.
Yoon K-J. 9/1/2016-8/30/2018. Investigate the pathogenesis and biology of emerging and reemerging
swine viral diseases. USDA ARS Cooperative Agreement, $275,000.
Zhang J, Gauger P, and Harmon K. Development and evaluation of a real-time PCR and an
insulated isothermal PCR for the detection of Senecavirus A. Swine Health Information
Center. $27,333. 2016-2017.
Zhang J, Gauger P, Harmon K, Main R, and Wang C. Comparison of PRRSV virus isolation
in different cell lines towards improving success of isolating PRRSV from clinical
samples. American Association of Swine Veterinarians Foundation. $30,000. 2017-2018.
Zhang J, Schumacher L, Chen Q, Gauger P, Giménez-Lirola L, Magstadt D, and Arruda P.
Pathogenicity and antibody responses of different U.S. PEDV strains in pigs of different
ages. Iowa Pork Producers Association. $108,087. 2017-2018.
Zhang J. Charoen Pokphand Foods (CPF) Fellowship. Charoen Pokphand Foods (CPF)
Thailand. $165,860. 2016-2020.
F. WORK PLANNED FOR NEXT YEAR
Refer to funded projects.
Objective 1. Control of PRRSV
HOLTKAMP: PRRS Outbreak Investigation Program. Continue to develop and pilot the PRRS
Outbreak Investigations Program for the Iowa Pork Producers Association. The program is now
entering its fourth year. The objective of the PRRS outbreak investigations program for breeding
herds is to improve biosecurity and reduce the geographic spread of the virus. The program is
15
being piloted on 30 breeding herds in the Buchanan County, Southeast Iowa and Southwest Iowa
regional PRRSV projects in Iowa (USA). Six PRRS outbreak investigations were conducted in
2016 / 2017. The investigations were facilitated by me, with help from Rita Neat, Kimberley
Gerardy and Chris Mowrer. In addition, the outbreak investigation forms were previously
adapted to conduct a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) outbreak investigations. The forms
have also been adapted for seneca virus A (SVA).
LINHARES - Disease detection / monitoring:
1. Processing fluids to detect PRRSV/PCV2 at low prevalence in neonates (3-5 days old).
a. Using PF to screen farms for PRRSv
b. Monitoring herds undergoing elimination (documenting time to test PF-negative)
c. Correlating PF results with downstream performance
d. Testing conditions (time/temperature before testing, extraction, PCR conditions)
2. Family oral fluids to detect PRRS at low prevalence in due-to-wean (DTW) pigs
a. Conditions to improve success rate to obtain fluids
b. FOF vs blood
3. Production data for automated, ongoing monitoring of swine herds
a. Automated SPC application for breeding herds to detect early signals of
significant disease outbreaks
b. Automated SPC application for growing pigs
4. Predictors of growing pig performance
a. Consolidating source farm data (health and production data), growing pig data
(e.g. feed mill, supervisor, stocking density/flow), biosecurity, and demographic
data to correlate/predict closeout ADG/mortality
5. Domestic swine disease reporting system
a. Dashboard with consolidated/aggregated data from VDLs to report disease over
time and space, by age group, specimen, state.
b. Veterinary council group
6. Sentinel farm approach for regional surveillance
Objective 2. Detection, prevention, and control of emerging viral diseases of swine.
HOLTKAMP: Rapid Response Program for Epidemiological Investigations of emerging and
transboundary diseases. In August of 2016, the Swine Health and Information Center (SHIC)
funded development of a rapid response program for epidemiological investigations of emerging
and transboundary swine diseases. A six-member advisory group was formed to provide input
regarding the responsibilities of RRC leaders and members, the content and delivery of RRC
training, the design of disease investigation forms, and any other matters related to the program.
The foundation of the program will be a Rapid Response Corps (RRC) consisting of a
nationwide network of veterinary consultants, state animal health officials, epidemiologists and,
when appropriate, federal animal health officials. A critical aspect of the program will be the
development and use of a standardized approach and methodology for conducting
epidemiological investigations. Standard forms and summary reports developed for the PRRS
outbreak investigation pilot project funded by the Iowa Pork Producers (IPPA) will be used for
training purposes. In the event of an emerging or transboundary disease outbreak, forms and
reports will be adapted as necessary. While RRC members will be trained to ask open-ended
16
questions during the investigations, specific closed-ended questions will be embedded in the
investigation form to capture a consistent set of information that can be accumulated in a
database. The database will serve as a primary source of information to help meet the objectives
for a rapid response in the event of a novel emerging or transboundary disease.
LINHARES
1. Field investigations of emerging diseases (Porcine Sapelovirus, Porcine Astrovirus type 3,
Porcine Teschovirus)
2. Comparison of changes in productivity of herds using killed vs attenuated PRRS vaccine
3. Within and between production system comparison of PRRS impact of breeding herd
productivity
GAUGER
1. Development of a vaccine challenge model for porcine parainfluenza virus type 1.
1
ANNUAL STATION REPORT: PROJECT NC-229
PERIOD COVERED: November 30 2016 to December 1, 2017
INSTITUTION OR STATION:
A. Personnel
1) NC-229 STATION REPRESENTATIVE (name, position, email):
Sheela Ramamoorthy
Assoc Prof
Sheela.ramamoorthy@ndus.edu
2) Other PRINCIPAL LEADERS associated with the projects (name, position, email):
N/A
B. PROGRESS OF WORK AND PRINCIPAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS:
Objective 1. Control of PRRSV
Progress on efforts to develop a PRRSV vaccine with enhanced immunogenicity and DIVA
capabilities included a) the development of 2 vaccine constructs in which selected structural
proteins were re-engineered in the backbone of an infectious clone to test the hypothesis that the
mutations would enhance B cell mediated immunity b) expression of a DIVA marker in the
modified infectious clone and c) introduction of selected mutations to target suicidal replication
of the modified live vaccine to enhance vaccine safety. The vaccine constructs were tested
recently in pigs and data is under analysis.
Objective 2. Developing effective and efficient approaches for detection, prevention and control
of pressing viral diseases of swine of recent emergence
1. Proprietary methods for the development of first generation, rapid-response vaccines for RNA
viruses were developed using PEDV as a model. The processes were intended to be a hybrid
between inactivated and attenuated vaccines, such that the safety and efficacy advantages
respectively, could be combined. The methods developed are also highly relevant to the
autogenous vaccine industry where vaccine safety is a large concern. Testing of the vaccine
candidate in 3-4 week old pigs elicited strong spike protein specific antibody responses.
Vaccinated pigs were completely protected against challenge with the virulent virus, while
unvaccinated controls showed clinical signs and viral shedding in feces. The vaccine virus was
not detected in fecal matter, prior to challenge; nor did vaccination induce any clinical signs.
Hence, the approach for first-response vaccine development was both highly safe and effective.
A grant has been submitted to NIFA for funding to test the vaccine in sows and measure
lactogenic immunity.
2
2. Methods to improve the delivery and immunogenicity of peptide antigens encoding specific
epitopes was developed in collaboration with scientists with expertise in polymeric material
science. Three 2009 H1N1 influenza viral epitopes were expressed as a string using a bacterial
expression system. The highly hydrophobic peptide did not enter cells when incubated alone on
MDCK cells. When conjugated with a proprietary polymer, the antigen was detected
intracellularly, with negligible cytotoxicity. Vaccination of pigs with the conjugated peptide
vaccine elicited strong anti-peptide antibody responses. Upon challenge with the virulent
homologous virus, pigs vaccinated with the conjugated peptide or peptide alone showed
enhanced viral replication in day 3 post-challenge, when compared to unvaccinated controls or
pigs administered the polymer alone. However, at day 6 post-challenge the trend was rapidly
reversed with vaccinated pigs clearing the virus rapidly while unvaccinated pigs showed an
increasing viral titer. Hence, the conjugation of the peptide to the polymer was effective in
enhancing delivery in vitro and protection in vivo. The mechanisms of protection did not appear
to involve neutralizing antibody responses and remain to be elucidated
C. IMPACT AND VALUE OF RESEARCH TO STAKEHOLDER
1. One PhD student was trained in vaccine development methods and provided to present his
work at a regional conference where he won the second-place award.
2.Methods for the development of rapid-response serological diagnostics were developed for
PEDV
3.Methods for rapid-response vaccine development were optimized and tested for PEDV. The
rapid-response vaccine was highly safe and effective in 3-4 week old piglets and had broad
applicability to other RNA viruses. A patent to cover the technology was filed in Feb 2017.
D. PERTINENT (SWINE VIROLOGY) PUBLICATIONS ISSUED OR “IN PRESS”
1) Refereed Publications
N/A
2) Abstracts or Proceedings
1.Karsky. J, Singh, P and Ramamoorthy, S. 7th Euro Global Summit on Clinical
Microbiology, Quantification of the PEDV virus with a colorimetric assay. Amsterdam,
Netherlands (2017). Invited presentation.
2.Gagandeep Singh, Pankaj Singh, Angela Pillatzki, Eric Nelson, Brett Webb, Steven
Dillberger-Lawson and Sheela Ramamoorthy. PEDV: A Model for rapid response vaccines.
North Dakota Academy of Sciences (2017), Grand Forks, ND. (2nd place award).
3.Singh. G., Zholobko. O., Pillatzki.A., Nelson. E., Webb. B., Voronov. A., and
Ramamoorthy. S. Vaccination of Pigs with improved HA and M2e Epitope Based
Amphiphilic Invertible Polymeric Peptide Vaccine against Swine Influenza Viruses (SIVs).
NDSU-KU Joint Symposium on Biotechnology, Nanomaterials, and Polymers. Fargo, ND
(2017).
3
4.Singh. G., Zholobko. O., Pillatzki.A., Nelson. E., Webb. B., Voronov. A., and
Ramamoorthy. S. Enhancing Delivery and Immune Response of Peptide Vaccine by
Polymer-Peptide Mixed Micellar Assemblies. 2nd International Symposium on Materials
from Renewables (ISMR). Athens, GA (2017).
5.Gagandeep Singh, Pankaj Singh, Angela Pillatzki, Eric Nelson, Brett Webb, Steven
Dillberger-Lawson and Sheela Ramamoorthy. 95th Annual Meeting of the Council of
Research Workers in Animal Diseases Rapid response vaccine against the porcine epidemic
diarrhea virus (PEDV). Chicago, IL. (2017).
6.Gagandeep Singh, Oksana Zholobko, Angela Pillatzki, Brett Webb, Eric Nelson, Andriy
Voronov and Sheela Ramamoorthy. 95th Annual Meeting of the Council of Research
Workers in Animal Diseases. Improved delivery of a HA and M2e-based peptide vaccine
against swine influenza viruses. Chicago, IL. (2017).
7.Pankaj Singh, Gagandeep Singh, Jenna Karsky, Eric Nelson and Sheela Ramamoorthy.
95th Annual Meeting of the Council of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Quantifying
porcine epidemic diarrhea virus-specific neutralizing antibodies with a rapid colorimetric
assay. Chicago, IL. (2017).
8.Oleksandr Kolyvushko, Gagandeep Singh, Brett Webb, Angela Pillatzki, Diego Diel,
Steven Dillberger-Lawson, Eric Nelson and Sheela Ramamoorthy. 95th Annual Meeting of
the Council of Research Workers in Animal Diseases. Efficacy of a commercial PCV2
vaccine against the contemporary PCV2d strain. Chicago, IL. (2017).
3) Book Chapters or Monographs
.
Joint research and training initiatives between East African and North American
Universities. John Baligwamunsi Kaneene, Margaret Loy Khaitsa, John David Kabasa,
Florence Wakoko, William Sischo, Douglas Freeman, Claire Card, Teresa Bergholz,
Sheela Ramamoorthy, Ayele Teshome, Jesca Nakavuma, Samuel Majalija, Stevens
Kisaka, Paul Ssajjakambwe, Sam Okech, Micheal Muleme, Sylvia Angubua Baluka,
Herbert Kazoora, Patrick Vudriko Pan Afr Med J. 2017; 27(Suppl 4): 4, 24 August 2017
D. FUNDING SOURCES
1. Porcine Model for Torque Teno Virus Infections – NIH R21. Impact Score – 19. Funding
release awaited
2. First response vaccines for emergency preparedness – USDA NIFA. Pending.
E. WORK PLANNED FOR NEXT YEAR:
4
1. The current efforts to develop improved PCV2 and PRRSV vaccine with DIVA capabilities
will be completed.
2. Rapid response vaccine for swine influenza viruses and testing of the developed rapidresponse
PEDV vaccines in sows will be targeted.
3. A porcine coinfection model of TTV and SIV coinfections will be developed to determine if
and how TTV infections shift the immune response profile in influenza infections.
1
ANNUAL STATION REPORT: PROJECT NC-229
PERIOD COVERED: November 30 2016 to December 1, 2017
INSTITUTION OR STATION: University of Nebraska Lincoln
A. Personnel
1) NC-229 STATION REPRESENTATIVE:
Fernando A. Osorio
Professor, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences and Nebraska Center for
Virology
fosorio@unl.edu
2) Other PRINCIPAL LEADERS associated with the project:
Asit K. Pattnaik
Professor, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences and Nebraska Center for
Virology
apattnaik2@unl.edu
J. Dustin Loy
Assistant Professor, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
jdloy@unl.edu
Hiep Vu
Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Sciences
hiepvu@unl.edu
Daniel Ciobanu
Associate Professor, Department of Animal Sciences
dciobanu@unl.edu
B. PROGRESS OF WORK AND PRINCIPAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS:
Objective 1. Control of PRRSV
Studies on protective PRRSV immunity: role of innate immunity induction in an effective
acquired immunity; strategies of broadening protective efficacy of live vaccines
Objective 2. Developing effective and efficient approaches for detection, prevention and control
of pressing viral diseases of swine of recent emergence
2
Studies on biosecure inactivation of PEDV in carcasses and in manure
C. IMPACT AND VALUE OF RESEARCH TO STAKEHOLDER
PRRSV:
Effective technology transfer of new synthetic live vaccine technology to industry through
siagnture of multi-year contract with a vaccine company based in the US
PEDV:
Evidence that composting represents an effective and biosecure approach to inactivate PEDV in
porcine carcasses, providing a method to reduce transmission and control virus spread on
farms.
Treatment of PEDV infected manure with alkaline lime slurry was shown to inactivate PEDV
using a bioassay, thus providing an intervention for producers and manure handlers to
minimize risk of PEDV transmission during manure handling.
D. PERTINENT (SWINE VIROLOGY) PUBLICATIONS ISSUED OR “IN PRESS”
1) Refereed Publications
Stevens E.E., Miller D., Brittenham B.A., Vitosh-Sillman S.J., Brodersen B.W., Jin V.L., Loy J.D., and Schmidt A.M.
Alkaline stabilization of manure slurry inactivates porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Journal of Swine Health and
Production. Accepted/In Press
Vitosh-Sillman S., Loy J. D., Brodersen B.W, Kelling C.K., Eskridge K, and Millmier Schmidt A. Effectiveness of
composting as a biosecure mortality disposal method for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)-infected pig carcasses.
(2017) Porcine Health Management. Vol 3 (22) DOI: 10.1186/s40813-017-0068-z
Vitosh-Sillman S. Loy J. D., Brodersen B.W., Doster A.R., Kelling C., Topliff C., Nelson E., Bai J., Schirtzinger E.,
Poulsen E., Meadors B., Anderson J., Hause B., Anderson G., and Hesse, R. (2016) Experimental infection of
conventional nursing pigs and their dams with porcine deltacoronavirus. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. Vol 28
(5) 486-497*
DOI: 10.1177/1040638716654200
Sun H, Workman A, Osorio FA, Steffen D, Vu HLX. Development of a broadly
protective modified-live virus vaccine candidate against porcine reproductive and
respiratory syndrome virus. Vaccine. 2018 Jan 2;36(1):66-73. doi:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.11.028. Epub 2017 Nov 22. PubMed PMID: 29174314.
Kimpston-Burkgren K, Correas I, Osorio FA, Steffen D, Pattnaik AK, Fang Y, Vu
HLX. Relative contribution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
open reading frames 2-4 to the induction of protective immunity. Vaccine. 2017
Aug 3;35(34):4408-4413. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.06.061. Epub 2017 Jul 6.
PubMed PMID: 28689650.
Correas I, Osorio FA, Steffen D, Pattnaik AK, Vu HLX. Cross reactivity of
immune responses to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
infection. Vaccine. 2017 Feb 1;35(5):782-788. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.12.040.
3
Epub 2017 Jan 3. PubMed PMID: 28062126.
Sun H, Pattnaik AK, Osorio FA, Vu HLX. Identification of viral genes
associated with the interferon-inducing phenotype of a synthetic porcine
reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain. Virology. 2016
Dec;499:313-321. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.09.018. Epub 2016 Oct 11. PubMed PMID:
27736706.
Vu HLX, Pattnaik AK, Osorio FA. Strategies to broaden the cross-protective
efficacy of vaccines against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.
Vet Microbiol. 2017 Jul;206:29-34. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.09.014. Epub 2016
Sep 21. PubMed PMID: 27692670.
D. FUNDING SOURCES
On-farm Remediation and Prevention of Swine Enteric Diseases. USDA-AFRI, Foundational Program, 2016-68008-
25043
Pathogenesis Studies with Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV): Generation and Characterization of Infectious
Clone-Derived Viruses", Pattnaik, A. (Principal Investigator), Loy, J. (Investigator),
Investigation of host genetic role in porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory
syndrome virus (PRRSV) susceptibility USDA-AFRI, Foundational Program,
PD: Daniel Ciobanu, Co-PD: Hiep Vu
Amount : $ 459,200 2017-2019
Determine the correlates of cross-protective immunity to PRRSV USDA NIFA Grant No. 2016-67015-24922
PD: Vu, Hiep Co-PD: Osorio, F
Amount: $477,635 2016-2019
E. WORK PLANNED FOR NEXT YEAR
Work continues on developing proteomics based approaches to enteric coronavirus
characterization and differentiation using mass spectrum biomarker based approach.
Work continues on experimental vaccinology: broadening protection for live vaccines against
PRRSV and centralized antigenic subunit immunization against swine influenza
Use of PRRSV model to investigate host genetics
Developmental research on PEDV reverse genetics
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ANNUAL STATION REPORT: PROJECT NC-229
PERIOD COVERED: November 30 2016 to December 1, 2017
INSTITUTION OR STATION:
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center
1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010
A. Personnel
1) NC-229 STATION REPRESENTATIVE:
Faaberg, Kay; Research Microbiologist, NADC; kay.faaberg@ars.usda.gov
2) Other PRINCIPAL LEADERS associated with the projects (name, position, email):
Abente, Eugenio; Research Microbiologist, NADC; eugenio.abente@ars.usda.gov
Brockmeier, Susan; Veterinary Medical Officer, NADC; susan.brockmeier@ars.usda.gov
Lager, Kelly; Veterinary Medical Officer, NADC; kelly.lager@ars.usda.gov
Miller, Laura; Research Microbiologist, NADC; laura.miller@ars.usda.gov
Nicholson, Tracy; Research Microbiologist, NADC; tracy.nicholson@ars.usda.gov
Vincent, Amy; Veterinary Medical Officer, NADC; amy.vincent@ars.usda.gov
B. PROGRESS OF WORK AND PRINCIPAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS:
Objective 1. Control of PRRSV
o Miller: applied RNA analyses on infected and control monocyte-derived cells. Such research
uncovered networks of predicted protein-protein interactions and biological processes
related to both low virulence and highly pathogenic PRRSV infection. The analysis revealed
the ability of PRRSV to affect cell activation. Genes showing variability in expression were
related to cellular structure and inflammatory immune responses. These results supply
novel insight into the interplay of PRRSV pathogenicity and immune system evasion.
o Miller: to identify mechanisms that modulate innate and adaptive immune responses to
swine viral pathogens, conducted genome-wide RNA profiling of signature genes in
activated porcine monocytic innate immune cells. From this research, the diverse antiviral
properties that interferon and interferon-stimulated gene families have on swine viral
pathogens were determined. The data revealed different expression levels of inflammatory
cytokines, chemokines, receptors, interferon-regulatory factors and interferon-stimulated
gene families in PRRSV-infected macrophages setting the stage for development of novel
therapies and vaccine strategies.
o Miller: expression analysis of the type and quantity of small non-coding RNAs was
completed comparing healthy and PRRSV-infected pigs to elucidate when the largest
change in gene expression occurs, and if all categories of small non-coding RNAs are
2
affected. Transfer RNA fragments experienced a lower reduction in number than the
microRNAs and appear to be more stable across time points than microRNA or other noncoding
RNAs. This information helps in understanding how gene function in the pig can

Impacts